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Bang C, Bernard G, Le WT, Lalonde A, Kadoury S, Bahig H. Artificial intelligence to predict outcomes of head and neck radiotherapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 39:100590. [PMID: 36935854 PMCID: PMC10014342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck radiotherapy induces important toxicity, and its efficacy and tolerance vary widely across patients. Advancements in radiotherapy delivery techniques, along with the increased quality and frequency of image guidance, offer a unique opportunity to individualize radiotherapy based on imaging biomarkers, with the aim of improving radiation efficacy while reducing its toxicity. Various artificial intelligence models integrating clinical data and radiomics have shown encouraging results for toxicity and cancer control outcomes prediction in head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Clinical implementation of these models could lead to individualized risk-based therapeutic decision making, but the reliability of the current studies is limited. Understanding, validating and expanding these models to larger multi-institutional data sets and testing them in the context of clinical trials is needed to ensure safe clinical implementation. This review summarizes the current state of the art of machine learning models for prediction of head and neck cancer radiotherapy outcomes.
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Key Words
- ADASYN, adaptive synthetic sampling
- AI, artificial intelligence
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AUC, Area Under the ROC Curve
- Artificial intelligence
- BMI, body mass index
- C-Index, concordance index
- CART, Classification and Regression Tree
- CBCT, cone-beam computed tomography
- CIFE, conditional informax feature extraction
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- CRT, chemoradiation
- CT, computed tomography
- Cancer outcomes
- DL, deep learning
- DM, distant metastasis
- DSC, Dice Similarity Coefficient
- DSS, clinical decision support systems
- DT, Decision Tree
- DVH, Dose-volume histogram
- GANs, Generative Adversarial Networks
- GB, Gradient boosting
- GPU, graphical process units
- HNC, head and neck cancer
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HR, hazard ratio
- Head and neck cancer
- IAMB, incremental association Markov blanket
- IBDM, image based data mining
- IBMs, image biomarkers
- IMRT, intensity-modulated RT
- KNN, k nearest neighbor
- LLR, Local linear forest
- LR, logistic regression
- LRR, loco-regional recurrence
- MIFS, mutual information based feature selection
- ML, machine learning
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MRMR, Minimum redundancy feature selection
- Machine learning
- N-MLTR, Neural Multi-Task Logistic Regression
- NPC, nasopharynx
- NTCP, Normal Tissue Complication Probability
- OPC, oropharyngeal cancer
- ORN, osteoradionecrosis
- OS, overall survival
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- PET, Positron emission tomography
- PG, parotid glands
- PLR, Positive likelihood ratio
- PM, pharyngeal mucosa
- PTV, Planning target volumes
- PreSANet, deep preprocessor module and self-attention
- Predictive modeling
- QUANTEC, Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic
- RF, random forest
- RFC, random forest classifier
- RFS, recurrence free survival
- RLR, Rigid logistic regression
- RRF, Regularized random forest
- RSF, random survival forest
- RT, radiotherapy
- RTLI, radiation-induced temporal lobe injury
- Radiomic
- SDM, shared decision making
- SMG, submandibular glands
- SMOTE, synthetic minority over-sampling technique
- STIC, sticky saliva
- SVC, support vector classifier
- SVM, support vector machine
- XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Bang
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 3840 Rue Saint-Urbain, Montréal, QC H2W 1T8, Canada.
| | - Galaad Bernard
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William T. Le
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arthur Lalonde
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Kadoury
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Houda Bahig
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kalapala R, Rughwani H, Reddy DN. Artificial Intelligence in Hepatology- Ready for the Primetime. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:149-161. [PMID: 36647407 PMCID: PMC9840075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a mathematical process of computer mediating designing of algorithms to support human intelligence. AI in hepatology has shown tremendous promise to plan appropriate management and hence improve treatment outcomes. The field of AI is in a very early phase with limited clinical use. AI tools such as machine learning, deep learning, and 'big data' are in a continuous phase of evolution, presently being applied for clinical and basic research. In this review, we have summarized various AI applications in hepatology, the pitfalls and AI's future implications. Different AI models and algorithms are under study using clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and imaging parameters to diagnose and manage liver diseases and mass lesions. AI has helped to reduce human errors and improve treatment protocols. Further research and validation are required for future use of AI in hepatology.
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Key Words
- ACLF, acute on chronic liver failure
- AI, artificial intelligence
- ALD, alcoholic liver disease
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUD, alcohol use disorder
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CHC, chronic hepatitis C
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- DL, deep learning
- FIB-4, fibrosis-4 score
- GGTP, gamma glutamyl transferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- ML, machine learning
- MLR, multi-nomial logistic regressions
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NLP, natural language processing
- RF, random forest
- RTE, real-time tissue elastography
- SOLs, space-occupying lesions
- SVM, support vector machine
- artificial intelligence
- deep learning
- hepatology
- machine learning
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kalapala
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology and AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hardik Rughwani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology and AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
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Liu TYA, Chen H, Gomez C, Correa ZM, Unberath M. Direct Gene Expression Profile Prediction for Uveal Melanoma from Digital Cytopathology Images via Deep Learning and Salient Image Region Identification. Ophthalmol Sci 2022; 3:100240. [PMID: 36561353 PMCID: PMC9764247 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To demonstrate that deep learning (DL) methods can produce robust prediction of gene expression profile (GEP) in uveal melanoma (UM) based on digital cytopathology images. Design Evaluation of a diagnostic test or technology. Subjects Participants and Controls Deidentified smeared cytology slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin obtained from a fine needle aspirated from UM. Methods Digital whole-slide images were generated by fine-needle aspiration biopsies of UM tumors that underwent GEP testing. A multistage DL system was developed with automatic region-of-interest (ROI) extraction from digital cytopathology images, an attention-based neural network, ROI feature aggregation, and slide-level data augmentation. Main Outcome Measures The ability of our DL system in predicting GEP on a slide (patient) level. Data were partitioned at the patient level (73% training; 27% testing). Results In total, our study included 89 whole-slide images from 82 patients and 121 388 unique ROIs. The testing set included 24 slides from 24 patients (12 class 1 tumors; 12 class 2 tumors; 1 slide per patient). Our DL system for GEP prediction achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.944, an accuracy of 91.7%, a sensitivity of 91.7%, and a specificity of 91.7% on a slide-level analysis. The incorporation of slide-level feature aggregation and data augmentation produced a more predictive DL model (P = 0.0031). Conclusions Our current work established a complete pipeline for GEP prediction in UM tumors: from automatic ROI extraction from digital cytopathology whole-slide images to slide-level predictions. Our DL system demonstrated robust performance and, if validated prospectively, could serve as an image-based alternative to GEP testing.
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Key Words
- ANN, artificial neural network
- Artificial intelligence
- CAM, class activation map
- Cytopathology
- DA, data augmentation
- DL, deep learning
- Deep learning
- FA, feature aggregation
- FNAB, fine-needle aspiration biopsy
- GEP, gene expression profile
- Gene expression profile
- ML, machine learning
- ROI, region-of-interest
- UM, uveal melanoma
- Uveal melanoma
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Y. Alvin Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haomin Chen
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catalina Gomez
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zelia M. Correa
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Correspondence: Zelia M. Correa, MD, PhD, 900 Northwest 17th Street, Floor 1,Miami, FL 33136.
| | - Mathias Unberath
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Cai A, Zhu Y, Clarkson SA, Feng Y. The Use of Machine Learning for the Care of Hypertension and Heart Failure. JACC Asia 2021; 1:162-172. [PMID: 36338169 PMCID: PMC9627876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that combines computer science, statistics, and decision theory to learn complex patterns from voluminous data. In the last decade, accumulating evidence has shown the utility of ML for prediction, diagnosis, and classification of hypertension and heart failure (HF). In addition, ML-enabled image analysis has potential value in assessing cardiac structure and function in an accurate, scalable, and efficient way. Considering the high burden of hypertension and HF in China and worldwide, ML may help address these challenges from different aspects. Indeed, prior studies have shown that ML can enhance each stage of patient care, from research and development, to daily clinical practice and population health. Through reviewing the published literature, the aims of the current systemic review are to summarize the utilities of ML for the care of those with hypertension and HF.
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Key Words
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AUC, area under the curve
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- LRM, linear or logistic regression model
- LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
- LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy
- ML, machine learning
- RF, random forest
- SVM, support vector machine
- algorithms
- heart failure
- hypertension machine learning
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen A. Clarkson
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yingqing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Huang Y, Yu Q, Chen Z, Wu W, Zhu Q, Lu Y. In vitro and in vivo correlation for lipid-based formulations: Current status and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2469-2487. [PMID: 34522595 PMCID: PMC8424225 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) have demonstrated a great potential in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, construction of in vitro and in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) for LBFs is quite challenging, owing to a complex in vivo processing of these formulations. In this paper, we start with a brief introduction on the gastrointestinal digestion of lipid/LBFs and its relation to enhanced oral drug absorption; based on the concept of IVIVCs, the current status of in vitro models to establish IVIVCs for LBFs is reviewed, while future perspectives in this field are discussed. In vitro tests, which facilitate the understanding and prediction of the in vivo performance of solid dosage forms, frequently fail to mimic the in vivo processing of LBFs, leading to inconsistent results. In vitro digestion models, which more closely simulate gastrointestinal physiology, are a more promising option. Despite some successes in IVIVC modeling, the accuracy and consistency of these models are yet to be validated, particularly for human data. A reliable IVIVC model can not only reduce the risk, time, and cost of formulation development but can also contribute to the formulation design and optimization, thus promoting the clinical translation of LBFs.
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Key Words
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AUC, area under the curve
- Absorption
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BE, bioequivalence
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- Cmax, peak plasma concentration
- DDS, drug delivery system
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- GI, gastrointestinal
- HLB, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance
- IVIVC, in vitro and in vivo correlation
- IVIVR, in vitro and in vivo relationship
- In silico prediction
- In vitro and in vivo correlations
- LBF, lipid-based formulation
- LCT, long-chain triglyceride
- Lipid-based formulation
- Lipolysis
- MCT, medium-chain triglyceride
- Model
- Oral delivery
- PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetic
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- Perspectives
- SCT, short-chain triglyceride
- SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system
- SGF, simulated gastric fluid
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- SLS, sodium lauryl sulfate
- SMEDDS, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
- TIM, TNO gastrointestinal model
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research
- Tmax, time to reach the peak plasma concentration
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Mukherjee S, Boral S, Siddiqi H, Mishra A, Meikap BC. Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat - A global review. J Environ Chem Eng 2021; 9:104973. [PMID: 33462561 PMCID: PMC7805399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The world is presently infected by the biological fever of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study is mainly related to the airborne transmission of novel coronavirus through airway. Similarly, our mother planet is suffering from drastic effects of air pollution. There are sufficient probabilities or evidences proven for contagious virus transmission through polluted airborne-pathway in formed aerosol molecules. The pathways and sources of spread are detailed along with the best possible green control technologies or ideas to hinder further transmission. The combined effects of such root causes and unwanted outcomes are similar in nature leading to acute cardiac arrest of our planet. To maintain environmental sustainability, the prior future of such emerging unknown biological hazardous air emissions is to be thoroughly researched. So it is high time to deal with the future of hazardous air pollution and work on its preventive measures. The lifetime of such an airborne virus continues for several hours, thus imposing severe threat even during post-lockdown phase. The world waits eagerly for the development of successful vaccination or medication but the possible outcome is quite uncertain in terms of equivalent economy distribution and biomedical availability. Thus, risk assessments are to be carried out even during the post-vaccination period with proper environmental surveillance and monitoring. The skilled techniques of disinfection, sanitization, and other viable wayouts are to be modified with time, place, and prevailing climatic conditions, handling the pandemic efficiently. A healthy atmosphere makes the earth a better place to dwell, ensuring its future lifecycle.
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Key Words
- 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ALRI, Acute Lower Respiratory Infections
- ANN, artificial neural network
- API, air pollution index
- ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials
- Aerosol or particulate matter
- Airborne virus
- BCG, Bacillus Calmette Guérin
- COCOREC, Collaborative Study COVID Recurrence
- COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease, 2019
- CSG, Coronavirus Study Group
- CoV, Coronavirus
- Dispersion
- EPA, Environmental Protection Agency
- FCVS, filtered containment venting systems
- HEME, High-Efficiency Mist Eliminator
- ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
- IHD, Ischemic Heart Disease
- ISO, International organization of Standardization
- IoT, Internet of Things
- MERS-CoV, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus
- NAAQS, National Ambient Air Quality Standard
- NFKB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Novel coronavirus
- PM, particulate matter
- Pathways of transmission
- Prevention and control measures
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
- UVGI, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation
- VOC, volatile organic compound
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendu Boral
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Hammad Siddiqi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asmita Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhim Charan Meikap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN), King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Pannala R, Krishnan K, Melson J, Parsi MA, Schulman AR, Sullivan S, Trikudanathan G, Trindade AJ, Watson RR, Maple JT, Lichtenstein DR. Artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal endoscopy. VideoGIE. 2020;5:598-613. [PMID: 33319126 PMCID: PMC7732722 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications have transformed several industries and are widely used in various consumer products and services. In medicine, AI is primarily being used for image classification and natural language processing and has great potential to affect image-based specialties such as radiology, pathology, and gastroenterology (GE). This document reviews the reported applications of AI in GE, focusing on endoscopic image analysis. Methods The MEDLINE database was searched through May 2020 for relevant articles by using key words such as machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, computer-aided diagnosis, convolutional neural networks, GI endoscopy, and endoscopic image analysis. References and citations of the retrieved articles were also evaluated to identify pertinent studies. The manuscript was drafted by 2 authors and reviewed in person by members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Technology Committee and subsequently by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Governing Board. Results Deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks have been used in several areas of GI endoscopy, including colorectal polyp detection and classification, analysis of endoscopic images for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, detection and depth assessment of early gastric cancer, dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus, and detection of various abnormalities in wireless capsule endoscopy images. Conclusions The implementation of AI technologies across multiple GI endoscopic applications has the potential to transform clinical practice favorably and improve the efficiency and accuracy of current diagnostic methods.
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Key Words
- ADR, adenoma detection rate
- AI, artificial intelligence
- AMR, adenoma miss rate
- ANN, artificial neural network
- BE, Barrett’s esophagus
- CAD, computer-aided diagnosis
- CADe, CAD studies for colon polyp detection
- CADx, CAD studies for colon polyp classification
- CI, confidence interval
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DL, deep learning
- GI, gastroenterology
- HD-WLE, high-definition white light endoscopy
- HDWL, high-definition white light
- ML, machine learning
- NBI, narrow-band imaging
- NPV, negative predictive value
- PIVI, preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations
- SVM, support vector machine
- VLE, volumetric laser endomicroscopy
- WCE, wireless capsule endoscopy
- WL, white light
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Peng J, Hao D, Yang L, Du M, Song X, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Zheng D. Evaluation of electrohysterogram measured from different gestational weeks for recognizing preterm delivery: a preliminary study using random Forest. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2020; 40:352-362. [PMID: 32308250 PMCID: PMC7153772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing a computational method for recognizing preterm delivery is important for timely diagnosis and treatment of preterm delivery. The main aim of this study was to evaluate electrohysterogram (EHG) signals recorded at different gestational weeks for recognizing the preterm delivery using random forest (RF). EHG signals from 300 pregnant women were divided into two groups depending on when the signals were recorded: i) preterm and term delivery with EHG recorded before the 26th week of gestation (denoted by PE and TE group), and ii) preterm and term delivery with EHG recorded during or after the 26th week of gestation (denoted by PL and TL group). 31 linear features and nonlinear features were derived from each EHG signal, and then compared comprehensively within PE and TE group, and PL and TL group. After employing the adaptive synthetic sampling approach and six-fold cross-validation, the accuracy (ACC), sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were applied to evaluate RF classification. For PL and TL group, RF achieved the ACC of 0.93, sensitivity of 0.89, specificity of 0.97, and AUC of 0.80. Similarly, their corresponding values were 0.92, 0.88, 0.96 and 0.88 for PE and TE group, indicating that RF could be used to recognize preterm delivery effectively with EHG signals recorded before the 26th week of gestation.
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Key Words
- ACC, accuracy
- ADASYN, adaptive synthetic sampling approach
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AR, auto-regressive model
- AUC, the area under the curve
- CorrDim, correlation dimension
- DT, decision tree
- EHG, electrohysterogram
- Electrohysterogram (EHG)
- Feature extraction
- Gestational week
- IUPC, intrauterine pressure catheter
- K-NN, K-nearest
- LDA, linear discriminant analysis
- LE, Lyapunov exponent
- MDF, median frequency
- MNF, mean frequency
- PE, preterm delivery before the 26th week of gestation
- PF, peak frequency
- PL, preterm delivery after the 26th week of gestation
- Preterm delivery
- QDA, quadratic discriminant analysis
- RF, random forest
- RMS, root mean square
- ROC, the receiver operating characteristic curve
- Random forest (RF).
- SD, standard deviation
- SE, energy values in signal
- SM, maximum values in signal
- SS, singular values in signal
- SV, variance values in signal
- SVM, support vector machine
- SampEn, sample entropy
- TE, term delivery before the 26th week of gestation
- TL, term delivery after the 26th week of gestation
- TOCO, tocodynamometer
- TPEHG, term-preterm electrohysterogram
- Tr, time reversibility
- τz, zero-crossing
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Platform for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Hao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Platform for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Platform for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqing Du
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Platform for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Platform for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Jiang
- Beijing Haidian Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Platform for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Iborra-Egea O, Santiago-Vacas E, Yurista SR, Lupón J, Packer M, Heymans S, Zannad F, Butler J, Pascual-Figal D, Lax A, Núñez J, de Boer RA, Bayés-Genís A. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Action of Empagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction With or Without Diabetes. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:831-840. [PMID: 31998851 PMCID: PMC6978551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using artificial intelligence, followed by in vivo validation, this study identified the key cardiac mechanism of action of empagliflozin in heart failure in patients with or without diabetes mellitus. The most robust mechanism of action involved the NHE-1 co-transporter with 94.7% accuracy. NHE-1 blockade by empagliflozin administration in rats restored the antiapoptotic activity of XIAP and BIRC5. The beneficial reduction in cardiomyocyte cell death after empagliflozin treatment is independent of the presence of diabetes mellitus. Empagliflozin could emerge as a new treatment for heart failure patients regardless of their glycemic status.
The mechanism of action of empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was deciphered using deep learning in silico analyses together with in vivo validation. The most robust mechanism of action involved the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE)-1 co-transporter with 94.7% accuracy, which was similar for diabetics and nondiabetics. Notably, direct NHE1 blockade by empagliflozin ameliorated cardiomyocyte cell death by restoring expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5). These results were independent of diabetes mellitus comorbidity, suggesting that empagliflozin may emerge as a new treatment in HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Iborra-Egea
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascualres (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Evelyn Santiago-Vacas
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascualres (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salva R Yurista
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Josep Lupón
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascualres (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists (INI-CRCT), Nancy, France
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Domingo Pascual-Figal
- Domingo Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Lax
- Domingo Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Núñez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, CIBERCV, INCLIVA, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovascualres (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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Zafeiris D, Rutella S, Ball GR. An Artificial Neural Network Integrated Pipeline for Biomarker Discovery Using Alzheimer's Disease as a Case Study. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:77-87. [PMID: 29977480 PMCID: PMC6026215 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of machine learning has allowed researchers to generate and analyse vast amounts of data using a wide variety of methodologies. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are some of the most commonly used statistical models and have been successful in biomarker discovery studies in multiple disease types. This review seeks to explore and evaluate an integrated ANN pipeline for biomarker discovery and validation in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia worldwide with no proven cause and no available cure. The proposed pipeline consists of analysing public data with a categorical and continuous stepwise algorithm and further examination through network inference to predict gene interactions. This methodology can reliably generate novel markers and further examine known ones and can be used to guide future research in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Zafeiris
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
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11
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Wei P, Si Z, Lu Y, Yu Q, Huang L, Xu Z. Medium optimization for pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) production by Methylobacillus sp. zju323 using response surface methodology and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:709-719. [PMID: 28448745 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1315596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylobacillus sp. zju323 was adopted to improve the biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) by systematic optimization of the fermentation medium. The Plackett-Burman design was implemented to screen for the key medium components for the PQQ production. CoCl2 · 6H2O, ρ-amino benzoic acid, and MgSO4 · 7H2O were found capable of enhancing the PQQ production most significantly. A five-level three-factor central composite design was used to investigate the direct and interactive effects of these variables. Both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used to predict the PQQ production and to optimize the medium composition. The results showed that the medium optimized by ANN-GA was better than that by RSM in maximizing PQQ production and the experimental PQQ concentration in the ANN-GA-optimized medium was improved by 44.3% compared with that in the unoptimized medium. Further study showed that this ANN-GA-optimized medium was also effective in improving PQQ production by fed-batch mode, reaching the highest PQQ accumulation of 232.0 mg/L, which was about 47.6% increase relative to that in the original medium. The present work provided an optimized medium and developed a fed-batch strategy which might be potentially applicable in industrial PQQ production.
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Key Words
- AAD, average absolute deviation
- ANN, artificial neural network
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AOMM, ANN-optimized methanol medium
- Adj R2, adjusted coefficient of determination
- Artificial neural network
- BP, back propagation
- C.V., coefficient of variation
- CCD, central composite design
- DO, dissolved oxygen
- GA, genetic algorithm
- LM, Levenberg–Marquardt
- MLP, multilayered perceptron
- OMM, original methanol medium
- PABA, ρ-amino benzoic acid
- PBD, Plackett–Burman design
- PQQ, pyrroloquinoline quinone
- Pred R2, predicted coefficient of determination
- R2, coefficient of determination
- RMSE, root mean square error
- RP, resilient back propagation
- RSM, response surface methodology
- SA, steepest ascent
- SCG, scaled conjugate gradient
- fermentation
- genetic algorithm
- pyrroloquinoline quinone
- response surface methodology
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilian Wei
- a School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- b Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- a School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Qingfei Yu
- a School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- b Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- b Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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