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Ghosh C, Kakar R, Hoyle RG, Liu Z, Guo C, Li J, Wang XY, Sun Y. Type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase i5 controls cell sensitivity to interferon. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1028-1042.e5. [PMID: 38452758 PMCID: PMC11043016 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The interferon signaling pathway is critical for host defense by serving diverse functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we show that type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase i5 (PIPKIγi5), an enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2), controls the sensitivity to interferon in both human and mouse cells. PIPKIγi5 directly binds to the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) downstream effector signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), which suppresses the STAT1 dimerization, IFN-γ-induced STAT1 nuclear translocation, and transcription of IFN-γ-responsive genes. Depletion of PIPKIγi5 significantly enhances IFN-γ signaling and strengthens an antiviral response. In addition, PIPKIγi5-synthesized PI4,5P2 can bind to STAT1 and promote the PIPKIγi5-STAT1 interaction. Similar to its interaction with STAT1, PIPKIγi5 is capable of interacting with other members of the STAT family, including STAT2 and STAT3, thereby suppressing the expression of genes mediated by these transcription factors. These findings identify the function of PIPKIγi5 in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ruchi Kakar
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Rosalie G Hoyle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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2
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Bacsa B, Hopl V, Derler I. Synthetic Biology Meets Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ Channel-Dependent Immunomodulation. Cells 2024; 13:468. [PMID: 38534312 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many essential biological processes are triggered by the proximity of molecules. Meanwhile, diverse approaches in synthetic biology, such as new biological parts or engineered cells, have opened up avenues to precisely control the proximity of molecules and eventually downstream signaling processes. This also applies to a main Ca2+ entry pathway into the cell, the so-called Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. CRAC channels are among other channels are essential in the immune response and are activated by receptor-ligand binding at the cell membrane. The latter initiates a signaling cascade within the cell, which finally triggers the coupling of the two key molecular components of the CRAC channel, namely the stromal interaction molecule, STIM, in the ER membrane and the plasma membrane Ca2+ ion channel, Orai. Ca2+ entry, established via STIM/Orai coupling, is essential for various immune cell functions, including cytokine release, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. In this review, we summarize the tools of synthetic biology that have been used so far to achieve precise control over the CRAC channel pathway and thus over downstream signaling events related to the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Division of Medical Physics und Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Hopl
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
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Brock VJ, Lory NC, Möckl F, Birus M, Stähler T, Woelk LM, Jaeckstein M, Heeren J, Koch-Nolte F, Rissiek B, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, Werner R, Diercks BP. Time-resolved role of P2X4 and P2X7 during CD8 + T cell activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1258119. [PMID: 38426095 PMCID: PMC10902106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are a crucial part of the adaptive immune system, responsible for combating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. The initial activation of T cells involves the formation of highly dynamic Ca2+ microdomains. Recently, purinergic signaling was shown to be involved in the formation of the initial Ca2+ microdomains in CD4+ T cells. In this study, the role of purinergic cation channels, particularly P2X4 and P2X7, in CD8+ T cell signaling from initial events to downstream responses was investigated, focusing on various aspects of T cell activation, including Ca2+ microdomains, global Ca2+ responses, NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation. While Ca2+ microdomain formation was significantly reduced in the first milliseconds to seconds in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7 channels, global Ca2+ responses over minutes were comparable between wild-type (WT) and knockout cells. However, the onset velocity was reduced in P2X4-deficient cells, and P2X4, as well as P2X7-deficient cells, exhibited a delayed response to reach a certain level of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). NFAT-1 translocation, a crucial transcription factor in T cell activation, was also impaired in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activated CD8+ T cells, and Nur77, a negative regulator of T cell activation, was significantly reduced 18h post-stimulation in the knockout cells. In line, the proliferation of T cells after 3 days was also impaired in the absence of P2X4 and P2X7 channels. In summary, the study demonstrates that purinergic signaling through P2X4 and P2X7 enhances initial Ca2+ events during CD8+ T cell activation and plays a crucial role in regulating downstream responses, including NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation on multiple timescales. These findings suggest that targeting purinergic signaling pathways may offer potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Brock
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Christian Lory
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Möckl
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Birus
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stähler
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Woelk
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Rivera A, Young Lim W, Park E, Dome PA, Hoy MJ, Spasojevic I, Sun S, Averette AF, Pina-Oviedo S, Juvvadi PR, Steinbach WJ, Ciofani M, Hong J, Heitman J. Enhanced fungal specificity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of a C-22-modified FK520 analog against C. neoformans. mBio 2023; 14:e0181023. [PMID: 37737622 PMCID: PMC10653846 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01810-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. The therapeutic armamentarium against these infections is limited, and the development of antifungal drugs has been hindered by the evolutionary conservation between fungi and the human host. With rising resistance to the current antifungal arsenal and an increasing at-risk population, there is an urgent need for the development of new antifungal compounds. The FK520 analogs described in this study display potent antifungal activity as a novel class of antifungals centered on modifying an existing orally active FDA-approved therapy. This research advances the development of much-needed newer antifungal treatment options with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Won Young Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eunchong Park
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick A. Dome
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J. Hoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sheng Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Floyd Averette
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sergio Pina-Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen R. Juvvadi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - William J. Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Maria Ciofani
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Lin Y, Song Y, Zhang Y, Shi M, Hou A, Han S. NFAT signaling dysregulation in cancer: Emerging roles in cancer stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115167. [PMID: 37454598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcriptional regulator of activated T cells. The NFAT family is involved in the development of tumors. Furthermore, recent evidence reveals that NFAT proteins regulate the development of inflammatory and immune responses. New discoveries have also been made about the mechanisms by which NFAT regulates cancer progression through cancer stem cells (CSC). Here, we discuss the role of the NFAT family in the immune system and various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yifu Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yaochuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Mengwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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6
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Rivera A, Lim WY, Park E, Dome PA, Hoy MJ, Spasojevic I, Sun S, Averette AF, Pina-Oviedo S, Juvvadi PR, Steinbach WJ, Ciofani M, Hong J, Heitman J. Enhanced fungal specificity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of a C-22 modified FK520 analog against C. neoformans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.05.543712. [PMID: 37333270 PMCID: PMC10274662 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.543712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are of mounting global concern, and the current limited treatment arsenal poses challenges when treating such infections. In particular, infections by Cryptococcus neoformans are associated with high mortality, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic options. Calcineurin is a protein phosphatase that mediates fungal stress responses, and calcineurin inhibition by the natural product FK506 blocks C. neoformans growth at 37°C. Calcineurin is also required for pathogenesis. However, because calcineurin is conserved in humans, and inhibition with FK506 results in immunosuppression, the use of FK506 as an anti-infective agent is precluded. We previously elucidated the structures of multiple fungal calcineurin-FK506-FKBP12 complexes and implicated the C-22 position on FK506 as a key point for differential modification of ligand inhibition of the mammalian versus fungal target proteins. Through in vitro antifungal and immunosuppressive testing of FK520 (a natural analog of FK506) derivatives, we identified JH-FK-08 as a lead candidate for further antifungal development. JH-FK-08 exhibited significantly reduced immunosuppressive activity and both reduced fungal burden and prolonged survival of infected animals. JH-FK-08 exhibited additive activity in combination with fluconazole in vivo . These findings further advance calcineurin inhibition as an antifungal therapeutic approach. Importance Fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. The therapeutic armamentarium against these infections is limited and development of antifungal drugs has been hindered by the evolutionary conservation between fungi and the human host. With rising resistance to the current antifungal arsenal and an increasing at-risk population, there is an urgent need for the development of new antifungal compounds. The FK520 analogs described in this study display potent antifungal activity as a novel class of antifungals centered on modifying an existing orally-active FDA approved therapy. This research advances the development of much needed newer antifungal treatment options with novel mechanisms of action.
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7
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Borin C, Pieters T, Serafin V, Ntziachristos P. Emerging Epigenetic and Posttranslational Mechanisms Controlling Resistance to Glucocorticoids in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e916. [PMID: 37359189 PMCID: PMC10289758 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are extensively used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia as they pressure cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Nevertheless, glucocorticoid partners, modifications, and mechanisms of action are hitherto poorly characterized. This hampers our understanding of therapy resistance, frequently occurring in leukemia despite the current therapeutic combinations using glucocorticoids in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this review, we initially cover the traditional view of glucocorticoid resistance and ways of targeting this resistance. We discuss recent progress in our understanding of chromatin and posttranslational properties of the glucocorticoid receptor that might be proven beneficial in our efforts to understand and target therapy resistance. We discuss emerging roles of pathways and proteins such as the lymphocyte-specific kinase that antagonizes glucocorticoid receptor activation and nuclear translocation. In addition, we provide an overview of ongoing therapeutic approaches that sensitize cells to glucocorticoids including small molecule inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Borin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Belgium
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Belgium
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8
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Kunkl M, Amormino C, Spallotta F, Caristi S, Fiorillo MT, Paiardini A, Kaempfer R, Tuosto L. Bivalent binding of staphylococcal superantigens to the TCR and CD28 triggers inflammatory signals independently of antigen presenting cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170821. [PMID: 37207220 PMCID: PMC10189049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus superantigens (SAgs) such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and B (SEB) are potent toxins stimulating T cells to produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines, thus causing toxic shock and sepsis. Here we used a recently released artificial intelligence-based algorithm to better elucidate the interaction between staphylococcal SAgs and their ligands on T cells, the TCR and CD28. The obtained computational models together with functional data show that SEB and SEA are able to bind to the TCR and CD28 stimulating T cells to activate inflammatory signals independently of MHC class II- and B7-expressing antigen presenting cells. These data reveal a novel mode of action of staphylococcal SAgs. By binding to the TCR and CD28 in a bivalent way, staphylococcal SAgs trigger both the early and late signalling events, which lead to massive inflammatory cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Amormino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Caristi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raymond Kaempfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Lim D, Tapella L, Dematteis G, Talmon M, Genazzani AA. Calcineurin Signalling in Astrocytes: From Pathology to Physiology and Control of Neuronal Functions. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1077-1090. [PMID: 36083398 PMCID: PMC10030417 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine phosphatase, acts as a Ca2+-sensitive switch regulating cellular functions through protein dephosphorylation and activation of gene transcription. In astrocytes, the principal homeostatic cells in the CNS, over-activation of CaN is known to drive pathological transcriptional remodelling, associated with neuroinflammation in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and brain trauma. Recent reports suggest that, in physiological conditions, the activity of CaN in astrocytes is transcription-independent and is required for maintenance of basal protein synthesis rate and activation of astrocytic Na+/K+ pump thereby contributing to neuronal functions such as neuronal excitability and memory formation. In this contribution we overview the role of Ca2+ and CaN signalling in astroglial pathophysiology focusing on the emerging physiological role of CaN in astrocytes. We propose a model for the context-dependent switch of CaN activity from the post-transcriptional regulation of cell proteostasis in healthy astrocytes to the CaN-dependent transcriptional activation in neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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Chimote AA, Alshwimi AO, Chirra M, Gawali VS, Powers-Fletcher MV, Hudock KM, Conforti L. Immune and ionic mechanisms mediating the effect of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143350. [PMID: 37033961 PMCID: PMC10080085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine storm, an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines that contributes to acute lung damage and death. Dexamethasone is routinely used to treat severe COVID-19 and has been shown to reduce patient mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of dexamethasone are poorly understood. Methods We conducted transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients with mild disease, and patients with severe COVID-19 with and without dexamethasone treatment. We then treated healthy donor PBMCs in vitro with dexamethasone and investigated the effects of dexamethasone treatment ion channel abundance (by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry) and function (by electrophysiology, Ca2+ influx measurements and cytokine release) in T cells. Results We observed that dexamethasone treatment in severe COVID-19 inhibited pro-inflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways, circulating cytotoxic and Th1 cells, interferon (IFN) signaling, genes involved in cytokine storm, and Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ influx is regulated by Kv1.3 potassium channels, but their role in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains elusive. Kv1.3 mRNA was increased in PBMCs of severe COVID-19 patients, and was significantly reduced in the dexamethasone-treated group. In agreement with these findings, in vitro treatment of healthy donor PBMCs with dexamethasone reduced Kv1.3 abundance in T cells and CD56dimNK cells. Furthermore, functional studies showed that dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced Kv1.3 activity, Ca2+ influx and IFN-g production in T cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that dexamethasone attenuates inflammatory cytokine release via Kv1.3 suppression, and this mechanism contributes to dexamethasone-mediated immunosuppression in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet A. Chimote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Abdulaziz O. Alshwimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Martina Chirra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vaibhavkumar S. Gawali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Margaret V. Powers-Fletcher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kristin M. Hudock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura Conforti,
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11
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Zou Y, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Xiao M, Xiang Q, Zhang L, Shi W, Tao H, Chen L, Han B, Yin S. The immunosuppressive effects and mechanisms of loureirin B on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094649. [PMID: 37168850 PMCID: PMC10165104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease mainly affecting joints of the hands and wrists. The discovery of autoantibodies in the serum of patients revealed that RA belonged to the autoimmune diseases and laid a theoretical basis for its immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly involves abnormal activation and proliferation of effector memory T cells, which is closely related to the elevated expression of Kv1.3, a voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel on the effector memory T cell membrane. Drugs blocking the Kv1.3 channel showed a strong protective effect in RA model animals, suggesting that Kv1.3 is a target for the discovery of specific RA immunosuppressive drugs. Methods In the present study, we synthesized LrB and studied the effects of LrB on collagen- induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. The clinical score, paw volume and joint morphology of CIA model rats were compared. The percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rat peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen were analyzed with flow cytometry. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL-1b and IL-6 expression in joints and the Kv1.3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified by qPCR. To further study the mechanisms of immunosuppressive effects of LrB, western blot and immunofluorescence were utilized to study the expression of Kv1.3 and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) in two cell models - Jurkat T cell line and extracted PBMCs. Results LrB effectively reduced the clinical score and relieved joint swelling. LrB could also decrease the percentage of CD4+ T cells, while increase the percentage of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen of rats with CIA. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were significantly reduced by LrB. The results of qPCR showed that Kv1.3 mRNA in the PBMCs of CIA rats was significantly higher than that of the control and significantly decreased in the LrB treatment groups. In addition, we confirmed in cell models that LrB significantly decreased Kv1.3 protein on the cell membrane and inhibited the activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) with immune stimulus. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed that LrB could block NFAT1 activation and reduce Kv1.3 expression in activated T cells, thus inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes and the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby effectively weakening the autoimmune responses in CIA rats. The effects of immunosuppression due to LrB revealed its potential medicinal value in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Xiang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyi Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobo Tao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Han, ; Shijin Yin,
| | - Shijin Yin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Han, ; Shijin Yin,
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12
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Varanita T, Angi B, Scattolini V, Szabo I. Kv1.3 K + Channel Physiology Assessed by Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 35998249 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00010.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are widespread over all kingdoms and play an important role in the maintenance of cellular ionic homeostasis. Kv1.3 is a voltage-gated potassium channel of the Shaker family with a wide tissue expression and a well-defined pharmacology. In recent decades, experiments mainly based on pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 have highlighted its crucial contribution to different fundamental processes such as regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. These findings link channel function to various pathologies ranging from autoimmune diseases to obesity and cancer. In the present review, we briefly summarize studies employing Kv1.3 knockout animal models to confirm such roles and discuss the findings in comparison to the results obtained by pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 in various pathophysiological settings. We also underline how these studies contributed to our understanding of channel function in vivo and propose possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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13
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Calcineurin Inhibitor CN585 Exhibits Off-Target Effects in the Human Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121281. [PMID: 36547614 PMCID: PMC9788591 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) is an attractive antifungal target as it is critical for growth, stress response, drug resistance, and virulence in fungal pathogens. The immunosuppressive drugs, tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A (CsA), are fungistatic and specifically inhibit CN through binding to their respective immunophilins, FK506-binding protein (FKBP12), and cyclophilin (CypA). We are focused on CN structure-based approaches for the development of non-immunosuppressive FK506 analogs as antifungal therapeutics. Here, we examined the effect of the novel CN inhibitor, CN585, on the growth of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis. Unexpectedly, in contrast to FK506, CN585 exhibited off-target effect on A. fumigatus wild-type and the azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. Unlike with FK506 and CsA, the A. fumigatus CN, FKBP12, CypA mutants (ΔcnaA, Δfkbp12, ΔcypA) and various FK506-resistant mutants were all sensitive to CN585. Furthermore, in contrast to FK506 the cytosolic to nuclear translocation of the CN-dependent transcription factor (CrzA-GFP) was not inhibited by CN585. Molecular docking of CN585 onto human and A. fumigatus CN complexes revealed differential potential binding sites between human CN versus A. fumigatus CN. Our results indicate CN585 may be a non-specific inhibitor of CN with a yet undefined antifungal mechanism of activity.
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14
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Emrich SM, Yoast RE, Fike AJ, Bricker KN, Xin P, Zhang X, Rahman ZSM, Trebak M. The mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger NCLX (Slc8b1) in B lymphocytes. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102667. [PMID: 36308855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antigen receptor stimulation triggers cytosolic Ca2+ signals, which activate transcriptional and metabolic programs critical for immune function. B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement causes rapid cytosolic Ca2+ rise through the ubiquitous store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway. Slc8b1, which encodes the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), extrudes Ca2+ out of the mitochondria and maintains optimal SOCE activity. Inhibition of NCLX in DT40 and A20 B lymphocyte lines was recently shown to impair cytosolic Ca2+ transients in response to antigen-receptor stimulation, however the downstream functional consequences of this impairment remain unclear. Here, we generated Slc8b1 knockout A20 B-cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and B-cell specific Slc8b1 knockout mice. Surprisingly, while loss of Slc8b1 in B lymphocytes led to reduction in SOCE, it had a marginal effect on mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion, suggesting that NCLX is not the major mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion mechanism in B cells. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ content and rates of ER depletion and refilling remained unaltered in Slc8b1 knockout B cells. Slc8b1 deficiency increased mitochondrial production of oxidants, reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure. B-cell specific Slc8b1 knockout mice showed reduced germinal center B cell responses following foreign antigen and pathogen driven immune responses. Our studies provide novel insights into the function of Slc8b1 in germinal center B cells and its contribution to B-cell signaling and effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA.
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15
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Singh B, Kumar Rai A. Loss of immune regulation in aged T-cells: A metabolic review to show lack of ability to control responses within the self. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:808-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Li X, Wang L, Wang H, Qin A, Qin X. Ano5 modulates calcium signaling during bone homeostasis in gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:48. [PMID: 35982081 PMCID: PMC9388649 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ANO5 encodes transmembrane protein 16E (TMEM16E), an intracellular calcium-activated chloride channel in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in ANO5 are associated with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD), a skeletal disorder causing the jaw deformity and long bone fractures. However, the coordinated mechanism by which ANO5 mediates bone homeostasis in GDD remains poorly defined. Here, we show that ablation of Ano5 reduced intracellular calcium transients, leading to defects in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and thus bone dysplasia. We found a causative de novo ANO5 frameshift insertion mutation (p.L370_A371insDYWRLNSTCL) in a GDD family with osteopenia, accompanied by a decrease in TMEM16E expression and impaired RANKL-induced intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) oscillations in osteoclasts. Moreover, using Ano5 knockout (KO) mice, we found that they exhibited low bone volume, abnormal calcium deposits, and defective osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. We also showed that Ano5 deletion in mice significantly diminished [Ca2+]i oscillations in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which resulted in reduced WNT/β-Catenin and RANKL-NFATc1 signaling, respectively. Osteoanabolic treatment of parathyroid hormone was effective in enhancing bone strength in Ano5 KO mice. Consequently, these data demonstrate that Ano5 positively modulates bone homeostasis via calcium signaling in GDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, 510182, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xingjun Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 200011, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Calvillo-Robledo A, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Morales P, Marichal-Cancino BA. The oncogenic lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI)/GPR55 signaling. Life Sci 2022; 301:120596. [PMID: 35500681 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GPR55 is a class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor that has drawn important therapeutic attention in the last decade because of its role in pathophysiological processes including vascular functions, metabolic dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, or bone turnover among others. Several cannabinoids of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic nature have shown to modulate this receptor leading to propose it as a member of the endocannabinoid system. The putative endogenous GPR55 ligand is L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and it has been associated with several processes that control cell survival and tumor progression. The relevance of GPR55 in cancer is currently being extensively studied in vitro and in vivo using diverse cancer models. The LPI/GPR55 axis has been reported to participate in pro-oncogenic processes including cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and metastasis being altered in several cancer cells via G12/13 and Gq signaling. Moreover, GRP55 and its bioactive lipid have been proposed as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Indeed, GPR55 overexpression or high expression has been shown to correlate with cancer aggressiveness in specific tumors including acute myeloid leukemia, uveal melanoma, low grade glioma and renal cancer. This review aims to analyze and summarize current evidence on the cancerogenic role of the LPI/GPR55 axis providing a critical view of the therapeutic prospects of this promising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argelia Calvillo-Robledo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | | | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
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18
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Liu R, Peng L, Zhou L, Huang Z, Zhou C, Huang C. Oxidative Stress in Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050853. [PMID: 35624717 PMCID: PMC9137834 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an effective treatment option that revolutionizes the management of various cancers. Nevertheless, only a subset of patients receiving immunotherapy exhibit durable responses. Recently, numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays essential regulatory roles in the tumor immune response, thus regulating immunotherapeutic effects. Specifically, studies have revealed key roles of ROS in promoting the release of tumor-associated antigens, manipulating antigen presentation and recognition, regulating immune cell phenotypic differentiation, increasing immune cell tumor infiltration, preventing immune escape and diminishing immune suppression. In the present study, we briefly summarize the main classes of cancer immunotherapeutic strategies and discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and anticancer immunity, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress-regulated treatment response to cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we highlight the therapeutic opportunities of manipulating oxidative stress to improve the antitumor immune response, which may improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.H.)
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19
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Store-operated Ca2+ entry regulates neuronal gene expression and function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 73:102520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Wang R, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Yao S, Zhu Y. ANKRD22 is a novel therapeutic target for gastric mucosal injury. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Brock VJ, Wolf IMA, Er-Lukowiak M, Lory N, Stähler T, Woelk LM, Mittrücker HW, Müller CE, Koch-Nolte F, Rissiek B, Werner R, Guse AH, Diercks BP. P2X4 and P2X7 are essential players in basal T cell activity and Ca 2+ signaling milliseconds after T cell activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl9770. [PMID: 35119925 PMCID: PMC8816335 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Initial T cell activation is triggered by the formation of highly dynamic, spatiotemporally restricted Ca2+ microdomains. Purinergic signaling is known to be involved in Ca2+ influx in T cells at later stages compared to the initial microdomain formation. Using a high-resolution Ca2+ live-cell imaging system, we show that the two purinergic cation channels P2X4 and P2X7 not only are involved in the global Ca2+ signals but also promote initial Ca2+ microdomains tens of milliseconds after T cell stimulation. These Ca2+ microdomains were significantly decreased in T cells from P2rx4-/- and P2rx7-/- mice or by pharmacological inhibition or blocking. Furthermore, we show a pannexin-1-dependent activation of P2X4 in the absence of T cell receptor/CD3 stimulation. Subsequently, upon T cell receptor/CD3 stimulation, ATP release is increased and autocrine activation of both P2X4 and P2X7 then amplifies initial Ca2+ microdomains already in the first second of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Brock
- The Ca Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Insa M. A. Wolf
- The Ca Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Er-Lukowiak
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Lory
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stähler
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Woelk
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Ca Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Ca Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Chaki S, Alkanfari I, Roy S, Amponnawarat A, Hui Y, Oskeritzian CA, Ali H. Inhibition of Orai Channel Function Regulates Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Responses in Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803335. [PMID: 35126366 PMCID: PMC8810828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue resident immune cells that play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. These responses are mediated via the cross-linking of cell surface high affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRI) by antigen resulting in calcium (Ca2+) mobilization, followed by degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators. In addition to FcϵRI, cutaneous MCs express Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2; mouse ortholog MrgprB2). Activation of MRGPRX2/B2 by the neuropeptide substance P (SP) is implicated in neurogenic inflammation, chronic urticaria, mastocytosis and atopic dermatitis. Although Ca2+ entry is required for MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC responses, the possibility that calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC/Orai) channels participate in these responses has not been tested. Lentiviral shRNA-mediated silencing of Orai1, Orai2 or Orai3 in a human MC line (LAD2 cells) resulted in partial inhibition of SP-induced Ca2+ mobilization, degranulation and cytokine/chemokine generation (TNF-α, IL-8, and CCL-3). Synta66, which blocks homo and hetero-dimerization of Orai channels, caused a more robust inhibition of SP-induced responses than knockdown of individual Orai channels. Synta66 also blocked SP-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt phosphorylation and abrogated cytokine/chemokine production. It also inhibited SP-induced Ca2+ mobilization and degranulation in primary human skin MCs and mouse peritoneal MCs. Furthermore, Synta66 attenuated both SP-induced cutaneous vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment in mouse peritoneum. These findings demonstrate that Orai channels contribute to MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC activation and suggest that their inhibition could provide a novel approach for the modulation of SP-induced MC/MRGPRX2-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaswati Chaki
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ibrahim Alkanfari
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aetas Amponnawarat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Robinson G, Pineda-Torra I, Ciurtin C, Jury EC. Lipid metabolism in autoimmune rheumatic disease: implications for modern and conventional therapies. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e148552. [PMID: 35040437 PMCID: PMC8759788 DOI: 10.1172/jci148552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressing inflammation has been the primary focus of therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs), including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, conventional therapies with low target specificity can have effects on cell metabolism that are less predictable. A key example is lipid metabolism; current therapies can improve or exacerbate dyslipidemia. Many conventional drugs also require in vivo metabolism for their conversion into therapeutically beneficial products; however, drug metabolism often involves the additional formation of toxic by-products, and rates of drug metabolism can be heterogeneous between patients. New therapeutic technologies and research have highlighted alternative metabolic pathways that can be more specifically targeted to reduce inflammation but also to prevent undesirable off-target metabolic consequences of conventional antiinflammatory therapies. This Review highlights the role of lipid metabolism in inflammation and in the mechanisms of action of AIRD therapeutics. Opportunities for cotherapies targeting lipid metabolism that could reduce immunometabolic complications and potential increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with AIRDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Robinson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
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24
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STIM1 is a core trigger of airway smooth muscle remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114557118. [PMID: 34949717 PMCID: PMC8740694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114557118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) proteins are essential for the function of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Using transcriptomics, metabolomics, imaging, and inducible smooth muscle–specific STIM1 knockout mice expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors, we reveal a crucial function of STIM1 in airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. STIM1-mediated Ca2+ oscillations in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are critical for ASM remodeling through metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming and cytokine secretion, including IL-6. These effects are driven by Ca2+-dependent activation of the transcription factor isoform NFAT4 specifically in ASM. Our data provide evidence that ASM STIM1 and SOCE are central triggers of asthma manifestations and advocate for the future use of STIM1 as a molecular target in asthma therapy. Airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness are central drivers of asthma severity. Airway remodeling is a structural change involving the dedifferentiation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells from a quiescent to a proliferative and secretory phenotype. Here, we show up-regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) in ASM of asthmatic mice. STIM1 is required for metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming that supports airway remodeling, including ASM proliferation, migration, secretion of cytokines and extracellular matrix, enhanced mitochondrial mass, and increased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic flux. Mechanistically, STIM1-mediated Ca2+ influx is critical for the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 and subsequent interleukin-6 secretion and transcription of pro-remodeling transcription factors, growth factors, surface receptors, and asthma-associated proteins. STIM1 drives airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice through enhanced frequency and amplitude of ASM cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Our data advocates for ASM STIM1 as a target for asthma therapy.
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25
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Jin YH, Kim DE, Jang MS, Min JS, Kwon S. Bavachin produces immunoadjuvant activity by targeting the NFAT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153796. [PMID: 34689117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bavachin, a flavonoid compound isolated from the seeds and fruits of Psoralea corylifolia l. (family Fabaceae), is used as a traditional medicine in Asia. Indeed, it is reported to have various medicinal functions such as estrogenic and antiinflammatory activities among others. However, to date, the effects of bavachin on T cell activation have yet to be reported. PURPOSE AND STUDY DESIGN We aimed to determine the effects of bavachin on the activation of a human T cell line in vitro and on antigen-specific immune responses in mice in vivo. METHODS In a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity assay, the Jurkat T cell line expressing a luciferase reporter driven by an NFAT-response element was stimulated with antihuman CD3/CD28 antibody and bavachin. Furthermore, the level of cytokine production was measured in the Jurkat T cell line stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin and bavachin using an IL-2 ELISA and a cytometric bead array assay. For in vivo analyses, mice were subcutaneously immunized with an antigen (ovalbumin protein) and bavachin, and the immune responses of mice were analyzed by FACS analysis, a T cell proliferation assay, a cytokine ELISA, and an antiovalbumin-specific antibody ELISA. RESULTS We found that bavachin activated NFAT-mediated transcription in the human T cell line in vitro. In mice, when bavachin was administered with the antigen, an increase in T cell responses and antibody production specific to the antigen was observed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that bavachin has immunoadjuvant and immunomodulation effects, which arise through activation of the NFAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Jin
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea; Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; Department of Non-Clinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Jung Sun Min
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Sunoh Kwon
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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26
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Bokhobza A, Ziental-Gelus N, Allart L, Iamshanova O, Vanden Abeele F. Impact of SOCE Abolition by ORAI1 Knockout on the Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of HEK-293 Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113016. [PMID: 34831241 PMCID: PMC8616168 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) provided through channels formed by ORAI proteins is a major regulator of several cellular processes. In immune cells, it controls fundamental processes such as proliferation, cell adhesion, and migration, while in cancer, SOCE and ORAI1 gene expression are dysregulated and lead to abnormal migration and/or cell proliferation. In the present study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to delete the ORAI1 gene and to identify its role in proliferative and migrative properties of the model cell line HEK-293. We showed that ORAI1 deletion greatly reduced SOCE. Thereby, we found that this decrease and the absence of ORAI1 protein did not affect HEK-293 proliferation. In addition, we determined that ORAI1 suppression did not affect adhesive properties but had a limited impact on HEK-293 migration. Overall, we showed that ORAI1 and SOCE are largely dispensable for cellular proliferation, migration, and cellular adhesion of HEK-293 cells. Thus, despite its importance in providing Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells, our results indicate that the lack of SOCE does not deeply impact HEK-293 cells. This finding suggests the existence of compensatory mechanism enabling the maintenance of their physiological function.
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27
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Markakis I, Charitakis I, Beeton C, Galani M, Repousi E, Aggeloglou S, Sfikakis PP, Pennington MW, Chandy KG, Poulopoulou C. Kv1.3 Channel Up-Regulation in Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714841. [PMID: 34630091 PMCID: PMC8495199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Kv1.3 potassium channels are key regulators of T lymphocyte activation, proliferation and cytokine production, by providing the necessary membrane hyper-polarization for calcium influx following immune stimulation. It is noteworthy that an accumulating body of in vivo and in vitro evidence links these channels to multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Here we studied the electrophysiological properties and the transcriptional and translational expression of T lymphocyte Kv1.3 channels in multiple sclerosis, by combining patch clamp recordings, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry on freshly isolated peripheral blood T lymphocytes from two patient cohorts with multiple sclerosis, as well as from healthy and disease controls. Our data demonstrate that T lymphocytes in MS, manifest a significant up-regulation of Kv1.3 mRNA, Kv1.3 membrane protein and Kv1.3 current density and therefore of functional membrane channel protein, compared to control groups (p < 0.001). Interestingly, patient sub-grouping shows that Kv1.3 channel density is significantly higher in secondary progressive, compared to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (p < 0.001). Taking into account the tight connection between Kv1.3 channel activity and calcium-dependent processes, our data predict and could partly explain the reported alterations of T lymphocyte function in multiple sclerosis, while they highlight Kv1.3 channels as potential therapeutic targets and peripheral biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Markakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, "St. Panteleimon" General State Hospital, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charitakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melpomeni Galani
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpida Repousi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, "St. Panteleimon" General State Hospital, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Stella Aggeloglou
- Department of Neurology, "St. Panteleimon" General State Hospital, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - K George Chandy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
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28
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Liu D, Yan J, Sun J, Liu B, Ma W, Li Y, Shao X, Qi H. BCL6 controls contact-dependent help delivery during follicular T-B cell interactions. Immunity 2021; 54:2245-2255.e4. [PMID: 34464595 PMCID: PMC8528402 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BCL6 is required for development of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells to support germinal center (GC) formation. However, it is not clear what unique functions programmed by BCL6 can explain its absolute essentiality in T cells for GC formation. We found that ablation of one Bcl6 allele did not appreciably alter early T cell activation and follicular localization but inhibited GC formation and Tfh cell maintenance. BCL6 impinged on Tfh calcium signaling and also controlled Tfh entanglement with and CD40L delivery to B cells. Amounts of BCL6 protein and nominal frequencies of Tfh cells markedly changed within hours after strengths of T-B cell interactions were altered in vivo, while CD40L overexpression rectified both defective GC formation and Tfh cell maintenance because of the BCL6 haploinsufficiency. Our results reveal BCL6 functions in Tfh cells that are essential for GC formation and suggest that BCL6 helps maintain Tfh cell phenotypes in a T cell non-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiacong Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingxing Shao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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29
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Yoast RE, Emrich SM, Zhang X, Xin P, Arige V, Pathak T, Benson JC, Johnson MT, Abdelnaby AE, Lakomski N, Hempel N, Han JM, Dupont G, Yule DI, Sneyd J, Trebak M. The Mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter is a central regulator of interorganellar Ca 2+ transfer and NFAT activation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101174. [PMID: 34499925 PMCID: PMC8496184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake tailors the strength of stimulation of plasma membrane phospholipase C–coupled receptors to that of cellular bioenergetics. However, how Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) shapes receptor-evoked interorganellar Ca2+ signaling is unknown. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout, subcellular Ca2+ imaging, and mathematical modeling to show that MCU is a universal regulator of intracellular Ca2+ signaling across mammalian cell types. MCU activity sustains cytosolic Ca2+ signaling by preventing Ca2+-dependent inactivation of store-operated Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ channels and by inhibiting Ca2+ extrusion. Paradoxically, MCU knockout (MCU-KO) enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ responses to store depletion. Physiological agonist stimulation in MCU-KO cells led to enhanced frequency of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ refilling, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor for activated T cells transcription factors, and cell proliferation, without altering inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity. Our data show that MCU has dual counterbalancing functions at the cytosol–mitochondria interface, whereby the cell-specific MCU-dependent cytosolic Ca2+ clearance and buffering capacity of mitochondria reciprocally regulate interorganellar Ca2+ transfer and nuclear factor for activated T cells nuclear translocation during receptor-evoked signaling. These findings highlight the critical dual function of the MCU not only in the acute Ca2+ buffering by mitochondria but also in shaping endoplasmic reticulum and cytosolic Ca2+ signals that regulate cellular transcription and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Trayambak Pathak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Cory Benson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin T Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmed Emam Abdelnaby
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalia Lakomski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jung Min Han
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematological cancer with poor outcomes due to a lack of efficacious targeted therapies. The Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors is well characterised as a regulator of the cell cycle and differentiation in the myeloid lineage. Recent evidence has demonstrated that NFAT family members may have roles in regulating AML leukemogenesis and resistance to targeted therapy in myeloid leukaemia. Furthermore, gene expression data from patient samples show that some NFATs are more highly expressed in poorly differentiated AML and after disease relapse, implying that the NFAT family may have roles in specific types of AML. This review outlines the evidence for the role of NFAT in healthy myeloid tissue and explores how NFAT might regulate AML pathogenesis, highlighting the potential to target specific NFAT proteins therapeutically in AML.
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31
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Persechini A, Armbruster H, Keightley A. Investigating the landscape of intracellular [Ca 2+] in live cells by rapid photoactivated cross-linking of calmodulin-protein interactions. Cell Calcium 2021; 98:102450. [PMID: 34375924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+ sensor protein calmodulin interacts in a Ca2+-dependent manner with a large number of proteins that among them encompass a diverse assortment of functions and subcellular localizations. A method for monitoring calmodulin-protein interactions as they occur throughout a living cell would thus uniquely enable investigations of the intracellular landscape of [Ca2+] and its relationship to cell function. We have developed such a method based on capture of calmodulin-protein interactions by rapid photoactivated cross-linking (t1/2 ∼7s) in cells stably expressing a tandem affinity tagged calmodulin that have been metabolically labeled with a photoreactive methionine analog. Tagged adducts are stringently enriched, and captured calmodulin interactors are then identified and quantified based on tandem mass spectrometry data for their tryptic peptides. In this paper we show that the capture behaviors of interactors in cells are consistent with the presence of basal microdomains of elevated [Ca2+]. Ca2+ sensitivities for capture were determined, and these suggest that [Ca2+] levels are above ∼1 μM in these regions. Although the microdomains appear to affect capture of most proteins, capture of some is at an apparent Ca2+-dependent maximum, suggesting they are targeted to the domains. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ has both immediate (5 min) and delayed (30 min) effects on capture, implying that the microdomains are supported by a combination of Ca2+ influx across the cell membrane and Ca2+ derived from internal stores. The known properties of the presumptive microdomain targeted proteins suggestroles in a variety of Ca2+-dependent basal metabolism and in formation and maintenance of the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Persechini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
| | - Hailey Armbruster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Andrew Keightley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
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32
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Ngoenkam J, Paensuwan P, Wipa P, Schamel WWA, Pongcharoen S. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein: Roles in Signal Transduction in T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674572. [PMID: 34169073 PMCID: PMC8217661 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction regulates the proper function of T cells in an immune response. Upon binding to its specific ligand associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on an antigen presenting cell, the T cell receptor (TCR) initiates intracellular signaling that leads to extensive actin polymerization. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is one of the actin nucleation factors that is recruited to TCR microclusters, where it is activated and regulates actin network formation. Here we highlight the research that has focused on WASp-deficient T cells from both human and mice in TCR-mediated signal transduction. We discuss the role of WASp in proximal TCR signaling as well as in the Ras/Rac-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), PKC (protein kinase C) and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pussadee Paensuwan
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Piyamaporn Wipa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang W A Schamel
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Clinics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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33
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Sana I, Mantione ME, Angelillo P, Muzio M. Role of NFAT in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other B-Cell Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:651057. [PMID: 33869054 PMCID: PMC8047411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.651057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years significant progress has been made in the clinical management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as other B-cell malignancies; targeting proximal B-cell receptor signaling molecules such as Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kδ) has emerged as a successful treatment strategy. Unfortunately, a proportion of patients are still not cured with available therapeutic options, thus efforts devoted to studying and identifying new potential druggable targets are warranted. B-cell receptor stimulation triggers a complex cascade of signaling events that eventually drives the activation of downstream transcription factors including Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). In this review, we summarize the literature on the expression and function of NFAT family members in CLL where NFAT is not only overexpressed but also constitutively activated; NFAT controls B-cell anergy and targeting this molecule using specific inhibitors impacts on CLL cell viability. Next, we extend our analysis on other mature B-cell lymphomas where a distinct pattern of expression and activation of NFAT is reported. We discuss the therapeutic potential of strategies aimed at targeting NFAT in B-cell malignancies not overlooking the fact that NFAT may play additional roles regulating the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Sana
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Piera Angelillo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Lymphoma Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Muzio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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Morelli AE, Sumpter TL, Rojas-Canales DM, Bandyopadhyay M, Chen Z, Tkacheva O, Shufesky WJ, Wallace CT, Watkins SC, Berger A, Paige CJ, Falo LD, Larregina AT. Neurokinin-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Efficient Ca 2+ Flux in T-Cell-Receptor-Activated T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3448-3465.e8. [PMID: 32160549 PMCID: PMC7169378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient Ca2+ flux induced during cognate T cell activation requires signaling the T cell receptor (TCR) and unidentified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). T cells express the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR that mediates Ca2+ flux in excitable and non-excitable cells. However, the role of the NK1R in TCR signaling remains unknown. We show that the NK1R and its agonists, the neuropeptides substance P and hemokinin-1, co-localize within the immune synapse during cognate activation of T cells. Simultaneous TCR and NK1R stimulation is necessary for efficient Ca2+ flux and Ca2+-dependent signaling that sustains the survival of activated T cells and helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 bias. In a model of contact dermatitis, mice with T cells deficient in NK1R or its agonists exhibit impaired cellular immunity, due to high mortality of activated T cells. We demonstrate an effect of the NK1R in T cells that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and its receptors. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) induces Ca2+ flux in excitable cells. Here, Morelli et al. show that NK1R signaling in T cells promotes optimal Ca2+ flux triggered by TCR stimulation, which is necessary to sustain T cell survival and the efficient Th1- and Th17-based immunity that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Sumpter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Olga Tkacheva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Shufesky
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Emrich SM, Yoast RE, Xin P, Arige V, Wagner LE, Hempel N, Gill DL, Sneyd J, Yule DI, Trebak M. Omnitemporal choreographies of all five STIM/Orai and IP 3Rs underlie the complexity of mammalian Ca 2+ signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108760. [PMID: 33657364 PMCID: PMC7968378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-interaction molecules (STIM1/2) sense endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ depletion and activate Orai channels. However, the choreography of interactions between native STIM/Orai proteins under physiological agonist stimulation is unknown. We show that the five STIM1/2 and Orai1/2/3 proteins are non-redundant and function together to ensure the graded diversity of mammalian Ca2+ signaling. Physiological Ca2+ signaling requires functional interactions between STIM1/2, Orai1/2/3, and IP3Rs, ensuring that receptor-mediated Ca2+ release is tailored to Ca2+ entry and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation. The N-terminal Ca2+-binding ER-luminal domains of unactivated STIM1/2 inhibit IP3R-evoked Ca2+ release. A gradual increase in agonist intensity and STIM1/2 activation relieves IP3R inhibition. Concomitantly, activated STIM1/2 C termini differentially interact with Orai1/2/3 as agonist intensity increases. Thus, coordinated and omnitemporal functions of all five STIM/Orai and IP3Rs translate the strength of agonist stimulation to precise levels of Ca2+ signaling and NFAT induction, ensuring the fidelity of complex mammalian Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Larry E Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Donald L Gill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Auckland, 38 Princes Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Tiffner A, Derler I. Molecular Choreography and Structure of Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) and K Ca2+ Channels and Their Relevance in Disease with Special Focus on Cancer. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120425. [PMID: 33333945 PMCID: PMC7765462 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ ions play a variety of roles in the human body as well as within a single cell. Cellular Ca2+ signal transduction processes are governed by Ca2+ sensing and Ca2+ transporting proteins. In this review, we discuss the Ca2+ and the Ca2+-sensing ion channels with particular focus on the structure-function relationship of the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) ion channel, the Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2+) ion channels, and their modulation via other cellular components. Moreover, we highlight their roles in healthy signaling processes as well as in disease with a special focus on cancer. As KCa2+ channels are activated via elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels, we summarize the current knowledge on the action mechanisms of the interplay of CRAC and KCa2+ ion channels and their role in cancer cell development.
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Chaudhari S, Mallet RT, Shotorbani PY, Tao Y, Ma R. Store-operated calcium entry: Pivotal roles in renal physiology and pathophysiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:305-316. [PMID: 33249888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220975207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research conducted over the last two decades has dramatically advanced the understanding of store-operated calcium channels (SOCC) and their impact on renal function. Kidneys contain many types of cells, including those specialized for glomerular filtration (fenestrated capillary endothelium, podocytes), water and solute transport (tubular epithelium), and regulation of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow (vascular smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells). The highly integrated function of these myriad cells effects renal control of blood pressure, extracellular fluid volume and osmolality, electrolyte balance, and acid-base homeostasis. Many of these cells are regulated by Ca2+ signaling. Recent evidence demonstrates that SOCCs are major Ca2+ entry portals in several renal cell types. SOCC is activated by depletion of Ca2+ stores in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, which communicates with plasma membrane SOCC via the Ca2+ sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). Orai1 is recognized as the main pore-forming subunit of SOCC in the plasma membrane. Orai proteins alone can form highly Ca2+ selective SOCC channels. Also, members of the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channel family are proposed to form heteromeric complexes with Orai1 subunits, forming SOCC with low Ca2+ selectivity. Recently, Ca2+ entry through SOCC, known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), was identified in glomerular mesangial cells, tubular epithelium, and renovascular smooth muscle cells. The physiological and pathological relevance and the characterization of SOCC complexes in those cells are still unclear. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of SOCC and their roles in renal glomerular, tubular and vascular cells, including studies from our laboratory, emphasizing SOCE regulation of fibrotic protein deposition. Understanding the diverse roles of SOCE in different renal cell types is essential, as SOCC and its signaling pathways are emerging targets for treatment of SOCE-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Parisa Y Shotorbani
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Papavassiliou AG, Musti AM. The Multifaceted Output of c-Jun Biological Activity: Focus at the Junction of CD8 T Cell Activation and Exhaustion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112470. [PMID: 33202877 PMCID: PMC7697663 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun is a major component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), a paradigm for transcriptional response to extracellular signaling, whose components are basic-Leucine Zipper (bZIP) transcription factors of the Jun, Fos, activating transcription factor (ATF), ATF-like (BATF) and Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) gene families. Extracellular signals regulate c-Jun/AP-1 activity at multiple levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of c-Jun expression and transactivity, in turn, establishing the magnitude and the duration of c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Another important level of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation is due to the capability of Jun family members to bind DNA as a heterodimer with every other member of the AP-1 family, and to interact with other classes of transcription factors, thereby acquiring the potential to integrate diverse extrinsic and intrinsic signals into combinatorial regulation of gene expression. Here, we review how these features of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation underlie the multifaceted output of c-Jun biological activity, eliciting quite distinct cellular responses, such as neoplastic transformation, differentiation and apoptosis, in different cell types. In particular, we focus on the current understanding of the role of c-Jun/AP-1 in the response of CD8 T cells to acute infection and cancer. We highlight the transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms through which c-Jun/AP-1 participates in the productive immune response of CD8 T cells, and how its downregulation may contribute to the dysfunctional state of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells. Additionally, we discuss recent insights pointing at c-Jun as a suitable target for immunotherapy-based combination approaches to reinvigorate anti-tumor immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anna Maria Musti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3337543732
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Zhang L, Jin H, Song Y, Chen SY, Wang Y, Sun Y, Tang C, Du J, Huang Y. Endogenous sulfur dioxide is a novel inhibitor of hypoxia-induced mast cell degranulation. J Adv Res 2020; 29:55-65. [PMID: 33842005 PMCID: PMC8020161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous SO2/AAT pathway exists in mast cells (MCs). Endogenous SO2 is a novel MC membrane stabilizer under hypoxic circumstance. MC-derived SO2 upregulates cAMP level, thereby suppressing MC degranulation.
Introduction Mast cell (MC) degranulation is an important step in the pathogenesis of inflammatory reactions and allergies; however, the mechanism of stabilizing MC membranes to reduce their degranulation is unclear. Methods SO2 content in MC culture supernatant was measured by HPLC-FD. The protein and mRNA expressions of the key enzymes aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1) and AAT2 and intracellular AAT activity were detected. The cAMP level in MCs was detected by immunofluorescence and ELISA. The release rate of MC degranulation marker β-hexosaminidase was measured. The expression of AAT1 and cAMP, the MC accumulation and degranulation in lung tissues were detected. Objectives To exam whether an endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) pathway exists in MCs and if it serves as a novel endogenous MC stabilizer. Results We firstly show the existence of the endogenous SO2/AAT pathway in MCs. Moreover, when AAT1 was knocked down in MCs, MC degranulation was significantly increased, and could be rescued by a SO2 donor. Mechanistically, AAT1 knockdown decreased the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content in MCs, while SO2 prevented this reduction in a dose-independent manner. Pretreatment with the cAMP-synthesizing agonist forskolin or the cAMP degradation inhibitor IBMX significantly blocked the increase in AAT1 knockdown-induced MC degranulation. Furthermore, in hypoxia-stimulated MCs, AAT1 protein expression and SO2 production were markedly down regulated, and MC degranulation was activated, which were blunted by AAT1 overexpression. The cAMP synthesis inhibitor SQ22536 disrupted the suppressive effect of AAT1 overexpression on hypoxia-induced MC degranulation. In a hypoxic environment, mRNA and protein expression of AAT1 was significantly reduced in lung tissues of rats. Supplementation of SO2 elevated the cAMP level and reduced perivascular MC accumulation and degranulation in lung tissues of rats exposed to a hypoxic environment in vivo. Conclusion SO2 serves as an endogenous MC stabilizer via upregulating the cAMP pathway under hypoxic circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjia Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Selena Ying Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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Bruce JIE, James AD. Targeting the Calcium Signalling Machinery in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092351. [PMID: 32825277 PMCID: PMC7565467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by excessive cell proliferation and a propensity to avoid cell death, while the spread of cancer is facilitated by enhanced cellular migration, invasion, and vascularization. Cytosolic Ca2+ is central to each of these important processes, yet to date, there are no cancer drugs currently being used clinically, and very few undergoing clinical trials, that target the Ca2+ signalling machinery. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the emerging evidence that targeting key components of the Ca2+ signalling machinery represents a novel and relatively untapped therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I. E. Bruce
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-161-275-5484
| | - Andrew D. James
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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Aki A, Tanaka K, Nagaoka N, Kimura T, Baba D, Onodera Y, Wada T, Maeda H, Nakanishi T, Agatsuma T, Komai T. Anti-ORAI1 antibody DS-2741a, a specific CRAC channel blocker, shows ideal therapeutic profiles for allergic disease via suppression of aberrant T-cell and mast cell activation. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:478-488. [PMID: 32821879 PMCID: PMC7429349 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ORAI1 constitutes the pore-forming subunit of the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, which is responsible for store-operated calcium entry into lymphocytes. It is known that ORAI1 is essential for the activation of T cells and mast cells and is considered to be a potent therapeutic target for autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here, we obtained a new humanized antibody, DS-2741a, that inhibits ORAI1 function. DS-2741a bound to human-ORAI1 with high affinity and without cross-reactivity to rodent Orai1. DS-2741a demonstrated suppression of CRAC-mediated human and mouse T-cell activation and mast cell degranulation in human ORAI1 knock-in mice. Furthermore, DS-2741a ameliorated house dust mite antigen-induced dermatitis in the human ORAI1 knock-in mouse. Taken together, DS-2741a inhibited T-cell and mast cell functions, thus improving skin inflammation in animal models of atopic dermatitis and reinforcing the need for investigation of DS-2741a for the treatment of allergic diseases in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Aki
- R&D DivisionSpecialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Research FunctionDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Kento Tanaka
- Oncology FunctionR&D DivisionOncology Research Laboratories IDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Nobumi Nagaoka
- Biologics DivisionModality Research LaboratoriesDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Takako Kimura
- Structure‐Based Drug Design GroupOrganic Synthesis DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Daichi Baba
- Quality & Safety Management DivisionPost‐Marketing Regulatory Affairs DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Yoshikuni Onodera
- Vaccine Research LaboratoriesBiologics DivisionDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Teiji Wada
- Oncology FunctionR&D DivisionOncology Research Laboratories IDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Maeda
- R&D DivisionR&D Planning & Management DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakanishi
- R&D DivisionR&D Planning & Management DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Toshinori Agatsuma
- Oncology FunctionR&D DivisionOncology Research Laboratories IDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Tomoaki Komai
- R&D DivisionR&D General Affairs & Human Resources DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
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Regulatory T cells suppress Th17 cell Ca 2+ signaling in the spinal cord during murine autoimmune neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20088-20099. [PMID: 32732436 PMCID: PMC7443932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006895117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocyte motility and interaction dynamics with other immune cells are vital determinants of immune responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells prevent autoimmune disorders by suppressing excessive lymphocyte activity, but how interstitial motility patterns of Treg cells limit neuroinflammation is not well understood. We used two-photon microscopy to elucidate the spatial organization, motility characteristics, and interactions of endogenous Treg and Th17 cells together with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within the spinal cord leptomeninges in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Th17 cells arrive before the onset of clinical symptoms, distribute uniformly during the peak, and decline in numbers during later stages of EAE. In contrast, Treg cells arrive after Th17 cells and persist during the chronic phase. Th17 cells meander widely, interact with APCs, and exhibit cytosolic Ca2+ transients and elevated basal Ca2+ levels before the arrival of Treg cells. In contrast, Treg cells adopt a confined, repetitive-scanning motility while contacting APCs. These locally confined but highly motile Treg cells limit Th17 cells from accessing APCs and suppress Th17 cell Ca2+ signaling by a mechanism that is upstream of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Finally, Treg cell depletion increases APC numbers in the spinal cord and exaggerates ongoing neuroinflammation. Our results point to fundamental differences in motility characteristics between Th17 and Treg cells in the inflamed spinal cord and reveal three potential cellular mechanisms by which Treg cells regulate Th17 cell effector functions: reduction of APC density, limiting access of Th17 cells to APCs, and suppression of Th17 Ca2+ signaling.
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CD38: T Cell Immuno-Metabolic Modulator. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071716. [PMID: 32709019 PMCID: PMC7408359 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation and subsequent differentiation of T cells following antigenic stimulation are triggered by highly coordinated signaling events that lead to instilling cells with a discrete metabolic and transcriptional feature. Compelling studies indicate that intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have profound influence on diverse signaling and metabolic pathways of T cells, and hence dictate their functional fate. CD38, a major mammalian NAD+ glycohydrolase (NADase), expresses on T cells following activation and appears to be an essential modulator of intracellular NAD+ levels. The enzymatic activity of CD38 in the process of generating the second messenger cADPR utilizes intracellular NAD+, and thus limits its availability to different NAD+ consuming enzymes (PARP, ART, and sirtuins) inside the cells. The present review discusses how the CD38-NAD+ axis affects T cell activation and differentiation through interfering with their signaling and metabolic processes. We also describe the pivotal role of the CD38-NAD+ axis in influencing the chromatin remodeling and rewiring T cell response. Overall, this review emphasizes the crucial contribution of the CD38-NAD+ axis in altering T cell response in various pathophysiological conditions.
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González-Mancha N, Mérida I. Interplay Between SNX27 and DAG Metabolism in the Control of Trafficking and Signaling at the IS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124254. [PMID: 32549284 PMCID: PMC7352468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of antigens displayed on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) by T-cell receptors (TCR) of a T lymphocyte leads to the formation of a specialized contact between both cells named the immune synapse (IS). This highly organized structure ensures cell–cell communication and sustained T-cell activation. An essential lipid regulating T-cell activation is diacylglycerol (DAG), which accumulates at the cell–cell interface and mediates recruitment and activation of proteins involved in signaling and polarization. Formation of the IS requires rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, translocation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and vesicular compartments, and reorganization of signaling and adhesion molecules within the cell–cell junction. Among the multiple players involved in this polarized intracellular trafficking, we find sorting nexin 27 (SNX27). This protein translocates to the T cell–APC interface upon TCR activation, and it is suggested to facilitate the transport of cargoes toward this structure. Furthermore, its interaction with diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ), a negative regulator of DAG, sustains the precise modulation of this lipid and, thus, facilitates IS organization and signaling. Here, we review the role of SNX27, DAG metabolism, and their interplay in the control of T-cell activation and establishment of the IS.
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Yoast RE, Emrich SM, Zhang X, Xin P, Johnson MT, Fike AJ, Walter V, Hempel N, Yule DI, Sneyd J, Gill DL, Trebak M. The native ORAI channel trio underlies the diversity of Ca 2+ signaling events. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2444. [PMID: 32415068 PMCID: PMC7229178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential role of ORAI1 channels in receptor-evoked Ca2+ signaling is well understood, yet little is known about the physiological activation of the ORAI channel trio natively expressed in all cells. The roles of ORAI2 and ORAI3 have remained obscure. We show that ORAI2 and ORAI3 channels play a critical role in mediating the regenerative Ca2+ oscillations induced by physiological receptor activation, yet ORAI1 is dispensable in generation of oscillations. We reveal that ORAI2 and ORAI3 channels multimerize with ORAI1 to expand the range of sensitivity of receptor-activated Ca2+ signals, reflecting their enhanced basal STIM1-binding and heightened Ca2+-dependent inactivation. This broadened bandwidth of Ca2+ influx is translated by cells into differential activation of NFAT1 and NFAT4 isoforms. Our results uncover a long-sought role for ORAI2 and ORAI3, revealing an intricate control mechanism whereby heteromerization of ORAI channels mediates graded Ca2+ signals that extend the agonist-sensitivity to fine-tune transcriptional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Martin T Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Penn State Cancer Institute and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Auckland, 38 Princes Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Donald L Gill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Penn State Cancer Institute and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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46
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Häusler D, Torke S, Peelen E, Bertsch T, Djukic M, Nau R, Larochelle C, Zamvil SS, Brück W, Weber MS. High dose vitamin D exacerbates central nervous system autoimmunity by raising T-cell excitatory calcium. Brain 2020; 142:2737-2755. [PMID: 31302671 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor vitamin D status is associated with a higher relapse rate and earlier disability in multiple sclerosis. Based on these associations, patients with multiple sclerosis are frequently supplemented with the vitamin D precursor cholecalciferol, although it is unclear whether this regimen is of therapeutic benefit. To model consequences of this common practice, mice were fed for more than 3 months with a low, medium or high dose of cholecalciferol, representative of vitamin D deficiency, modest and disproportionally high supplementation, respectively, in patients with multiple sclerosis. Compared to vitamin D-deprived mice, its moderate supplementation reduced the severity of subsequent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which was associated with an expansion of regulatory T cells. Direct exposure of murine or human T cells to vitamin D metabolites inhibited their activation. In contrast, mice with 25-(OH) vitamin D levels above 200 nmol/l developed fulminant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with massive CNS infiltration of activated myeloid cells, Th1 and Th17 cells. When dissecting this unexpected outcome, we observed that high, but not medium dose vitamin D had caused mild hypercalcaemia, which rendered T cells more prone to pro-inflammatory activation. Exposing murine or human T cells to equivalent calcium concentrations in vitro enhanced its influx, triggering activation, upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene products and enhanced transmigration across a blood-brain barrier model. These findings suggest that vitamin D at moderate levels may exert a direct regulatory effect, while continuous high dose vitamin D treatment could trigger multiple sclerosis disease activity by raising mean levels of T-cell excitatory calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Häusler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Torke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Marija Djukic
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Mookerjee‐Basu J, Hooper R, Gross S, Schultz B, Go CK, Samakai E, Ladner J, Nicolas E, Tian Y, Zhou B, Zaidi MR, Tourtellotte W, He S, Zhang Y, Kappes DJ, Soboloff J. Suppression of Ca 2+ signals by EGR4 controls Th1 differentiation and anti-cancer immunity in vivo. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48904. [PMID: 32212315 PMCID: PMC7202224 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the zinc finger transcription factors EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 are recognized as critical for T-cell function, the role of EGR4 remains unstudied. Here, we show that EGR4 is rapidly upregulated upon TCR engagement, serving as a critical "brake" on T-cell activation. Hence, TCR engagement of EGR4-/- T cells leads to enhanced Ca2+ responses, driving sustained NFAT activation and hyperproliferation. This causes profound increases in IFNγ production under resting and diverse polarizing conditions that could be reversed by pharmacological attenuation of Ca2+ entry. Finally, an in vivo melanoma lung colonization assay reveals enhanced anti-tumor immunity in EGR4-/- mice, attributable to Th1 bias, Treg loss, and increased CTL generation in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these observations reveal for the first time that EGR4 is a key regulator of T-cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Hooper
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Scott Gross
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Bryant Schultz
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Christina K Go
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Elsie Samakai
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | | | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Warren Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCedars Sinai Medical CenterWest HollywoodCAUSA
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
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48
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Cancer stem cells and oral cancer: insights into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:113. [PMID: 32280305 PMCID: PMC7137421 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a little population of cancer cells, which have features as the same as the cells normal stem cells. There is enough knowledge of the CSCs responsibility for metastasis, medicine resistance, and cancer outbreak. Therefore, CSCs control possibly provides an efficient treatment intervention inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. In spite of the significance of targeting CSCs in treating cancer, few study comprehensively explored the nature of oral CSCs. It has been showed that oral CSCs are able to contribute to oral cancer progression though activation/inhibition a sequences of cellular and molecular pathways (microRNA network, histone modifications and calcium regulation). Hence, more understanding about the properties of oral cancers and their behaviors will help us to develop new therapeutic platforms. Head and neck CSCs remain a viable and intriguing option for targeted therapy. Multiple investigations suggested the major contribution of the CSCs to the metastasis, tumorigenesis, and resistance to the new therapeutic regimes. Therefore, experts in the field are examining the encouraging targeted therapeutic choices. In spite of the advancements, there are not enough information in this area and thus a magic bullet for targeting and eliminating the CSCs deviated us. Hence, additional investigations on the combined therapies against the head and neck CSCs could offer considerable achievements. The present research is a review of the recent information on oral CSCs, and focused on current advancements in new signaling pathways contributed to their stemness regulation. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic approaches against oral CSCs.
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49
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Park YJ, Yoo SA, Kim M, Kim WU. The Role of Calcium-Calcineurin-NFAT Signaling Pathway in Health and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32210952 PMCID: PMC7075805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signaling molecule that controls a wide range of biological functions. In the immune system, calcium signals play a central role in a variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and numerous gene transcriptions. During an immune response, the engagement of T-cell and B-cell antigen receptors induces a decrease in the intracellular Ca2+ store and then activates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) to raise the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. Recently, identification of the two critical regulators of the CRAC channel, stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai1, has broadened our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling in lymphocytes. Repetitive or prolonged increase in intracellular Ca2+ is required for the calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of an activated T cell (NFAT). Recent data indicate that Ca2+-calcineurin-NFAT1 to 4 pathways are dysregulated in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine and tacrolimus, have been used for the treatment of such autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the role of the Ca2+-calcineurin–NFAT signaling pathway in health and diseases, focusing on the STIM and Orai1, and discuss the deregulated calcium-mediated calcineurin-NFAT pathway in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune-Jung Park
- POSTEC-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Yoo
- POSTEC-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeonsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- POSTEC-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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50
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Mohanty S, Barik P, Debata N, Nagarajan P, Devadas S. iCa 2+ Flux, ROS and IL-10 Determines Cytotoxic, and Suppressor T Cell Functions in Chronic Human Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 32210950 PMCID: PMC7068714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and increased IL-10 production is well-known in chronic viral infections but mechanisms leading to loss of their cytotoxic capabilities and consequent exhaustion remain unclear. Exhausted CD8+T cells also called T suppressors are highly immune suppressive with altered T cell receptor signaling characteristics that mark it exclusively from their cytotoxic counterparts. Our study found that iCa2+ flux is reduced following T cell receptor activation in T suppressor cells when compared to their effector counterpart. Importantly chronic activation of murine cytotoxic CD8+ T cells lead to reduced iCa2+ influx, decreased IFN-γ and enhanced IL-10 production and this profile is mimicked in Tc1 cells upon reduction of iCa2+ flux by extracellular calcium channel inhibitors. Further reduced iCa2+ flux induced ROS which lead to IFN-γ reduction and increased IL-10 producing T suppressors through the STAT3—STAT5 axis. The above findings were substantiated by our human data where reduced iCa2+ flux in chronic Hepatitis infections displayed CD8+ T cells with low IFN-γ and increased IL-10 production. Importantly treatment with an antioxidant led to increased IFN-γ and reduced IL-10 production in human chronic Hep-B/C samples suggesting overall a proximal regulatory role for iCa2+ influx, ROS, and IL-10 in determining the effector/ suppressive axis of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mohanty
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prakash Barik
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nagen Debata
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Devadas
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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