1
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Sun Y, Wang M, Sun Q, Liu Y, Duan S, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhong J, Huang Y, Huang X, Yang Q, Li X, Su H, Cai Y, Jiang X, Chen J, Yan J, Nie S, Hu L, Yang J, Tang R, Wang CC, Liu C, Deng X, Yun L, He G. Distinguished biological adaptation architecture aggravated population differentiation of Tibeto-Burman-speaking people. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:517-530. [PMID: 37827489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Tibeto-Burman (TB) people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic, cold, and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period. However, the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people, as well as their interaction mechanism, remain unknown. Here, we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity, admixture history, and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people. We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people, consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations. A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis. We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers. Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation (EDAR and SLC24A5) and metabolism (ALDH9A1) are identified in Loloish people, which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan. TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Sun
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China; Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
| | - Qiuxia Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400331, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; School of Clinical Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Shuhan Duan
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yunyu Zhou
- School of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Yuguo Huang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qingxin Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Haoran Su
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Yan Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, China
| | - Xiucheng Jiang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Shengjie Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400331, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Libing Yun
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China; Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
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Duan S, Wang M, Wang Z, Liu Y, Jiang X, Su H, Cai Y, Sun Q, Sun Y, Li X, Chen J, Zhang Y, Yan J, Nie S, Hu L, Tang R, Yun L, Wang CC, Liu C, Yang J, He G. Malaria resistance-related biological adaptation and complex evolutionary footprints inferred from one integrative Tai-Kadai-related genomic resource. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29235. [PMID: 38665582 PMCID: PMC11043949 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen‒host adaptative interactions and complex population demographical processes, including admixture, drift, and Darwen selection, have considerably shaped the Neolithic-to-Modern Western Eurasian population structure and genetic susceptibility to modern human diseases. However, the genetic footprints of evolutionary events in East Asia remain unknown due to the underrepresentation of genomic diversity and the design of large-scale population studies. We reported one aggregated database of genome-wide SNP variations from 796 Tai-Kadai (TK) genomes, including that of Bouyei first reported here, to explore the genetic history, population structure, and biological adaptative features of TK people from southern China and Southeast Asia. We found geography-related population substructure among TK people using the state-of-the-art population genetic structure reconstruction techniques based on the allele frequency spectrum and haplotype-resolved phased fragments. We found that the northern TK people from Guizhou harbored one TK-dominant ancestry maximized in the Bouyei people, and the southern TK people from Thailand were more influenced by Southeast Asians and indigenous people. We reconstructed fitted admixture models and demographic graphs, which showed that TK people received gene flow from ancient southern rice farmer-related lineages related to the Hmong-Mien and Austroasiatic people and from northern millet farmers associated with the Sino-Tibetan people. Biological adaptation focused on our identified unique TK lineages related to Bouyei, which showed many adaptive signatures conferring Malaria resistance and low-rate lipid metabolism. Further gene enrichment, the allele frequency distribution of derived alleles, and their correlation with the incidence of Malaria further confirmed that CR1 played an essential role in the resistance of Malaria in the ancient "Baiyue" tribes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Duan
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiucheng Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Haoran Su
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Qiuxia Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Yuntao Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China
| | - Yijiu Zhang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China
| | - Shengjie Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Libing Yun
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
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3
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Sun Q, Wang M, Lu T, Duan S, Liu Y, Chen J, Wang Z, Sun Y, Li X, Wang S, Lu L, Hu L, Yun L, Yang J, Yan J, Nie S, Zhu Y, Chen G, Wang CC, Liu C, He G, Tang R. Differentiated adaptative genetic architecture and language-related demographical history in South China inferred from 619 genomes from 56 populations. BMC Biol 2024; 22:55. [PMID: 38448908 PMCID: PMC10918984 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underrepresentation of human genomic resources from Southern Chinese populations limited their health equality in the precision medicine era and complete understanding of their genetic formation, admixture, and adaptive features. Besides, linguistical and genetic evidence supported the controversial hypothesis of their origin processes. One hotspot case was from the Chinese Guangxi Pinghua Han people (GPH), whose language was significantly similar to Southern Chinese dialects but whose uniparental gene pool was phylogenetically associated with the indigenous Tai-Kadai (TK) people. Here, we analyzed genome-wide SNP data in 619 people from four language families and 56 geographically different populations, in which 261 people from 21 geographically distinct populations were first reported here. RESULTS We identified significant population stratification among ethnolinguistically diverse Guangxi populations, suggesting their differentiated genetic origin and admixture processes. GPH shared more alleles related to Zhuang than Southern Han Chinese but received more northern ancestry relative to Zhuang. Admixture models and estimates of genetic distances showed that GPH had a close genetic relationship with geographically close TK compared to Northern Han Chinese, supporting their admixture origin hypothesis. Further admixture time and demographic history reconstruction supported GPH was formed via admixture between Northern Han Chinese and Southern TK people. We identified robust signatures associated with lipid metabolisms, such as fatty acid desaturases (FADS) and medically relevant loci associated with Mendelian disorder (GJB2) and complex diseases. We also explored the shared and unique selection signatures of ethnically different but linguistically related Guangxi lineages and found some shared signals related to immune and malaria resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our genetic analysis illuminated the language-related fine-scale genetic structure and provided robust genetic evidence to support the admixture hypothesis that can explain the pattern of observed genetic diversity and formation of GPH. This work presented one comprehensive analysis focused on the population history and demographical adaptative process, which provided genetic evidence for personal health management and disease risk prediction models from Guangxi people. Further large-scale whole-genome sequencing projects would provide the entire landscape of southern Chinese genomic diversity and their contributions to human health and disease traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Shuhan Duan
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuntao Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shaomei Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Liuyi Lu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Libing Yun
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China
| | - Shengjie Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Hunan Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410075, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China.
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Liang B, Bai T, Zhao Y, Han J, He X, Pu Y, Wang C, Liu W, Ma Q, Tian K, Zheng W, Liu N, Liu J, Ma Y, Jiang L. Two mutations at KRT74 and EDAR synergistically drive the fine-wool production in Chinese sheep. J Adv Res 2024; 57:1-13. [PMID: 37137429 PMCID: PMC10918353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine-wool sheep are the most common breed used by the wool industry worldwide. Fine-wool sheep have over a three-fold higher follicle density and a 50% smaller fiber diameter than coarse-wool sheep. OBJECTIVES This study aims to clarify the underlying genetic basis for the denser and finer wool phenotype in fine-wool breeds. METHOD Whole-genome sequences of 140 samples, Ovine HD630K SNP array data of 385 samples, including fine, semi-fine, and coarse wool sheep, as well as skin transcriptomes of nine samples were integrated for genomic selection signature analysis. RESULTS Two loci at keratin 74 (KRT74) and ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) were revealed. Fine-scale analysis in 250 fine/semi-fine and 198 coarse wool sheep narrowed this association to one C/A missense variant of KRT74 (OAR3:133,486,008, P = 1.02E-67) and one T/C SNP in the regulatory region upstream of EDAR (OAR3:61,927,840, P = 2.50E-43). Cellular over-expression and ovine skin section staining assays confirmed that C-KRT74 activated the KRT74 protein and specifically enlarged cell size at the Huxley's layer of the inner root sheath (P < 0.01). This structure enhancement shapes the growing hair shaft into the finer wool than the wild type. Luciferase assays validated that the C-to-T mutation upregulated EDAR mRNA expression via a newly created SOX2 binding site and potentially led to the formation of more hair placodes. CONCLUSIONS Two functional mutations driving finer and denser wool production were characterized and offered new targets for genetic breeding during wool sheep selection. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for future selection of fine wool sheep breeds but also contributes to improving the value of wool commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benmeng Liang
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Tianyou Bai
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yuhetian Zhao
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jiangang Han
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Xiaohong He
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Wujun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 75002, Ningxia, China
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, China
| | | | - Nan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuehui Ma
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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5
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Sinigaglia B, Escudero J, Biagini SA, Garcia-Calleja J, Moreno J, Dobon B, Acosta S, Mondal M, Walsh S, Aguileta G, Vallès M, Forrow S, Martin-Caballero J, Migliano AB, Bertranpetit J, Muñoz FJ, Bosch E. Exploring Adaptive Phenotypes for the Human Calcium-Sensing Receptor Polymorphism R990G. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae015. [PMID: 38285634 PMCID: PMC10859840 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Rainforest hunter-gatherers from Southeast Asia are characterized by specific morphological features including a particularly dark skin color (D), short stature (S), woolly hair (W), and the presence of steatopygia (S)-fat accumulation localized in the hips (DSWS phenotype). Based on previous evidence in the Andamanese population, we first characterized signatures of adaptive natural selection around the calcium-sensing receptor gene in Southeast Asian rainforest groups presenting the DSWS phenotype and identified the R990G substitution (rs1042636) as a putative adaptive variant for experimental follow-up. Although the calcium-sensing receptor has a critical role in calcium homeostasis by directly regulating the parathyroid hormone secretion, it is expressed in different tissues and has been described to be involved in many biological functions. Previous works have also characterized the R990G substitution as an activating polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor associated with hypocalcemia. Therefore, we generated a knock-in mouse for this substitution and investigated organismal phenotypes that could have become adaptive in rainforest hunter-gatherers from Southeast Asia. Interestingly, we found that mouse homozygous for the derived allele show not only lower serum calcium concentration but also greater body weight and fat accumulation, probably because of enhanced preadipocyte differentiation and lipolysis impairment resulting from the calcium-sensing receptor activation mediated by R990G. We speculate that such differential features in humans could have facilitated the survival of hunter-gatherer groups during periods of nutritional stress in the challenging conditions of the Southeast Asian tropical rainforests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sinigaglia
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jorge Escudero
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Simone A Biagini
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia-Calleja
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Josep Moreno
- PCB-PRBB Animal Facility Alliance, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Begoña Dobon
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sandra Acosta
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- UB Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - Mayukh Mondal
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Sandra Walsh
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Gabriela Aguileta
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Mònica Vallès
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Stephen Forrow
- Mouse Mutant Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Juan Martin-Caballero
- PCB-PRBB Animal Facility Alliance, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Andrea Bamberg Migliano
- Human Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jaume Bertranpetit
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Francisco J Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elena Bosch
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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6
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He G, Wang P, Chen J, Liu Y, Sun Y, Hu R, Duan S, Sun Q, Tang R, Yang J, Wang Z, Yun L, Hu L, Yan J, Nie S, Wei L, Liu C, Wang M. Differentiated genomic footprints suggest isolation and long-distance migration of Hmong-Mien populations. BMC Biol 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38273256 PMCID: PMC10809681 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underrepresentation of Hmong-Mien (HM) people in Asian genomic studies has hindered our comprehensive understanding of the full landscape of their evolutionary history and complex trait architecture. South China is a multi-ethnic region and indigenously settled by ethnolinguistically diverse HM, Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), Austronesian (AN), and Sino-Tibetan (ST) people, which is regarded as East Asia's initial cradle of biodiversity. However, previous fragmented genetic studies have only presented a fraction of the landscape of genetic diversity in this region, especially the lack of haplotype-based genomic resources. The deep characterization of demographic history and natural-selection-relevant genetic architecture of HM people was necessary. RESULTS We reported one HM-specific genomic resource and comprehensively explored the fine-scale genetic structure and adaptative features inferred from the genome-wide SNP data of 440 HM individuals from 33 ethnolinguistic populations, including previously unreported She. We identified solid genetic differentiation between HM people and Han Chinese at 7.64‒15.86 years ago (kya) and split events between southern Chinese inland (Miao/Yao) and coastal (She) HM people in the middle Bronze Age period and the latter obtained more gene flow from Ancient Northern East Asians. Multiple admixture models further confirmed that extensive gene flow from surrounding ST, TK, and AN people entangled in forming the gene pool of Chinese coastal HM people. Genetic findings of isolated shared unique ancestral components based on the sharing alleles and haplotypes deconstructed that HM people from the Yungui Plateau carried the breadth of previously unknown genomic diversity. We identified a direct and recent genetic connection between Chinese inland and Southeast Asian HM people as they shared the most extended identity-by-descent fragments, supporting the long-distance migration hypothesis. Uniparental phylogenetic topology and network-based phylogenetic relationship reconstruction found ancient uniparental founding lineages in southwestern HM people. Finally, the population-specific biological adaptation study identified the shared and differentiated natural selection signatures among inland and coastal HM people associated with physical features and immune functions. The allele frequency spectrum of cancer susceptibility alleles and pharmacogenomic genes showed significant differences between HM and northern Chinese people. CONCLUSIONS Our extensive genetic evidence combined with the historical documents supported the view that ancient HM people originated from the Yungui regions associated with ancient "Three-Miao tribes" descended from the ancient Daxi-Qujialing-Shijiahe people. Then, some have recently migrated rapidly to Southeast Asia, and some have migrated eastward and mixed respectively with Southeast Asian indigenes, Liangzhu-related coastal ancient populations, and incoming southward ST people. Generally, complex population migration, admixture, and adaptation history contributed to the complicated patterns of population structure of geographically diverse HM people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China.
| | - Peixin Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medical Information, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Yuntao Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuhan Duan
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Qiuxia Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Libing Yun
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China
| | - Shengjie Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lanhai Wei
- School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Inner Mongolia, 010028, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China.
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7
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Janivara R, Hazra U, Pfennig A, Harlemon M, Kim MS, Eaaswarkhanth M, Chen WC, Ogunbiyi A, Kachambwa P, Petersen LN, Jalloh M, Mensah JE, Adjei AA, Adusei B, Joffe M, Gueye SM, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Fernandez PW, Rohan TE, Andrews C, Rebbeck TR, Adebiyi AO, Agalliu I, Lachance J. Uncovering the genetic architecture and evolutionary roots of androgenetic alopecia in African men. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575396. [PMID: 38293167 PMCID: PMC10827056 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a highly heritable trait. However, much of our understanding about the genetics of male pattern baldness comes from individuals of European descent. Here, we examined a novel dataset comprising 2,136 men from Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa that were genotyped using a custom array. We first tested how genetic predictions of baldness generalize from Europe to Africa, finding that polygenic scores from European GWAS yielded AUC statistics that ranged from 0.513 to 0.546, indicating that genetic predictions of baldness in African populations performed notably worse than in European populations. Subsequently, we conducted the first African GWAS of androgenetic alopecia, focusing on self-reported baldness patterns at age 45. After correcting for present age, population structure, and study site, we identified 266 moderately significant associations, 51 of which were independent (p-value < 10-5, r2 < 0.2). Most baldness associations were autosomal, and the X chromosomes does not appear to have a large impact on baldness in African men. Finally, we examined the evolutionary causes of continental differences in genetic architecture. Although Neanderthal alleles have previously been associated with skin and hair phenotypes, we did not find evidence that European-ascertained baldness hits were enriched for signatures of ancient introgression. Most loci that are associated with androgenetic alopecia are evolving neutrally. However, multiple baldness-associated SNPs near the EDA2R and AR genes have large allele frequency differences between continents. Collectively, our findings illustrate how evolutionary history contributes to the limited portability of genetic predictions across ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Janivara
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ujani Hazra
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aaron Pfennig
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maxine Harlemon
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle S Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Wenlong C Chen
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Cancer Registry, National Institute for Communicable Diseases a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Paidamoyo Kachambwa
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mediclinic Precise Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindsay N Petersen
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mediclinic Precise Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Jalloh
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès, Thiès, Senegal
| | - James E Mensah
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Maureen Joffe
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Pedro W Fernandez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Dingwall HL, Tomizawa RR, Aharoni A, Hu P, Qiu Q, Kokalari B, Martinez SM, Donahue JC, Aldea D, Mendoza M, Glass IA, Wu H, Kamberov YG. Sweat gland development requires an eccrine dermal niche and couples two epidermal programs. Dev Cell 2024; 59:20-32.e6. [PMID: 38096824 PMCID: PMC10872420 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands are indispensable for human thermoregulation and, similar to other mammalian skin appendages, form from multipotent epidermal progenitors. Limited understanding of how epidermal progenitors specialize to form these vital organs has precluded therapeutic efforts toward their regeneration. Herein, we applied single-nucleus transcriptomics to compare the expression content of wild-type, eccrine-forming mouse skin to that of mice harboring a skin-specific disruption of Engrailed 1 (En1), a transcription factor that promotes eccrine gland formation in humans and mice. We identify two concurrent but disproportionate epidermal transcriptomes in the early eccrine anlagen: one that is shared with hair follicles and one that is En1 dependent and eccrine specific. We demonstrate that eccrine development requires the induction of a dermal niche proximal to each developing gland in humans and mice. Our study defines the signatures of eccrine identity and uncovers the eccrine dermal niche, setting the stage for targeted regeneration and comprehensive skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Dingwall
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reiko R Tomizawa
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Aharoni
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blerina Kokalari
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joan C Donahue
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Aldea
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meryl Mendoza
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yana G Kamberov
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Benjelloun B, Leempoel K, Boyer F, Stucki S, Streeter I, Orozco-terWengel P, Alberto FJ, Servin B, Biscarini F, Alberti A, Engelen S, Stella A, Colli L, Coissac E, Bruford MW, Ajmone-Marsan P, Negrini R, Clarke L, Flicek P, Chikhi A, Joost S, Taberlet P, Pompanon F. Multiple genomic solutions for local adaptation in two closely related species (sheep and goats) facing the same climatic constraints. Mol Ecol 2023:e17257. [PMID: 38149334 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The question of how local adaptation takes place remains a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. The variation of allele frequencies in genes under selection over environmental gradients remains mainly theoretical and its empirical assessment would help understanding how adaptation happens over environmental clines. To bring new insights to this issue we set up a broad framework which aimed to compare the adaptive trajectories over environmental clines in two domesticated mammal species co-distributed in diversified landscapes. We sequenced the genomes of 160 sheep and 161 goats extensively managed along environmental gradients, including temperature, rainfall, seasonality and altitude, to identify genes and biological processes shaping local adaptation. Allele frequencies at putatively adaptive loci were rarely found to vary gradually along environmental gradients, but rather displayed a discontinuous shift at the extremities of environmental clines. Of the 430 candidate adaptive genes identified, only 6 were orthologous between sheep and goats and those responded differently to environmental pressures, suggesting different putative mechanisms involved in local adaptation in these two closely related species. Interestingly, the genomes of the 2 species were impacted differently by the environment, genes related to signatures of selection were most related to altitude, slope and rainfall seasonality for sheep, and summer temperature and spring rainfall for goats. The diversity of candidate adaptive pathways may result from a high number of biological functions involved in the adaptations to multiple eco-climatic gradients, and a differential role of climatic drivers on the two species, despite their co-distribution along the same environmental gradients. This study describes empirical examples of clinal variation in putatively adaptive alleles with different patterns in allele frequency distributions over continuous environmental gradients, thus showing the diversity of genetic responses in adaptive landscapes and opening new horizons for understanding genomics of adaptation in mammalian species and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Benjelloun
- Livestock Genomics Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research INRA, Rabat, Morocco
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Kevin Leempoel
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Stucki
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Orozco-terWengel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Florian J Alberto
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Servin
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stefan Engelen
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Licia Colli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- BioDNA - Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Eric Coissac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael W Bruford
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- BioDNA - Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Negrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- AIA Associazione Italiana Allevatori, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abdelkader Chikhi
- Livestock Genomics Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research INRA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - François Pompanon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
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10
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Blöcher J, Brami M, Feinauer IS, Stolarczyk E, Diekmann Y, Vetterdietz L, Karapetian M, Winkelbach L, Kokot V, Vallini L, Stobbe A, Haak W, Papageorgopoulou C, Krause R, Sharapova S, Burger J. Descent, marriage, and residence practices of a 3,800-year-old pastoral community in Central Eurasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303574120. [PMID: 37603728 PMCID: PMC10483636 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303574120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of prehistoric societal organization at the family level is still limited. Here, we generated genome data from 32 individuals from an approximately 3,800-y-old burial mound attributed to the Bronze Age Srubnaya-Alakul cultural tradition at the site of Nepluyevsky, located in the Southern Ural region of Central Eurasia. We found that life expectancy was generally very low, with adult males living on average 8 y longer than females. A total of 35 first-degree, 40 second-degree, and 48 third-degree biological relationships connected 23 of the studied individuals, allowing us to propose a family tree spanning three generations with six brothers at its center. The oldest of these brothers had eight children with two women and the most children overall, whereas the other relationships were monogamous. Notably, related female children above the age of five were completely absent from the site, and adult females were more genetically diverse than males. These results suggest that biological relationships between male siblings played a structural role in society and that descent group membership was based on patrilineality. Women originated from a larger mating network and moved to join the men, with whom they were buried. Finally, the oldest brother likely held a higher social position, which was expressed in terms of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Blöcher
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Maxime Brami
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Isabelle Sofie Feinauer
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm10691, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm10405, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm10691, Sweden
| | - Eliza Stolarczyk
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am MainD-60629, Germany
| | - Yoan Diekmann
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Lisa Vetterdietz
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Marina Karapetian
- Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow125009, Russia
| | - Laura Winkelbach
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kokot
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
| | | | - Astrid Stobbe
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am MainD-60629, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Christina Papageorgopoulou
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of History and Ethnology, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini69100, Greece
| | - Rüdiger Krause
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am MainD-60629, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sharapova
- Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg620108, Russia
| | - Joachim Burger
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
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11
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Zhang Z, Chen N, Yin N, Liu R, He Y, Li D, Tong M, Gao A, Lu P, Zhao Y, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang D, Gu W, Hong J, Wang W, Qi L, Ning G, Wang J. The rs1421085 variant within FTO promotes brown fat thermogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1337-1351. [PMID: 37460841 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
One lead genetic risk signal of obesity-the rs1421085 T>C variant within the FTO gene-is reported to be functional in vitro but lacks evidence at an organism level. Here we recapitulate the homologous human variant in mice with global and brown adipocyte-specific variant knock-in and reveal that mice carrying the C-allele show increased brown fat thermogenic capacity and resistance to high-fat diet-induced adiposity, whereas the obesity-related phenotypic changes are blunted at thermoneutrality. Both in vivo and in vitro data reveal that the C-allele in brown adipocytes enhances the transcription of the Fto gene, which is associated with stronger chromatin looping linking the enhancer region and Fto promoter. Moreover, FTO knockdown or inhibition effectively eliminates the increased thermogenic ability of brown adipocytes carrying the C-allele. Taken together, these findings identify rs1421085 T>C as a functional variant promoting brown fat thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Yin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Muye Tong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aibo Gao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Wark AR, Aldea D, Tomizawa RR, Kokalari B, Warder B, Kamberov YG. Ectodysplasin Signaling through XEDAR Is Required for Mammary Gland Morphogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1529-1537.e2. [PMID: 36804570 PMCID: PMC10363239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
XEDAR is a member of the TNF receptor subfamily and a mediator of the ectodysplasin (EDA) pathway. EDA signaling plays evolutionarily conserved roles in the development of the ectodermal appendage organ class, which includes hair, eccrine sweat glands, and mammary glands. Loss-of-function sequence variants of EDA, which encodes the two major ligand isoforms, EDA-A1 and EDA-A2, result in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia characterized by defects in two or more types of ectodermal appendages. EDA-A1 and EDA-A2 signal through the receptors EDAR and XEDAR, respectively. Although the contributions of the EDA-A1/EDAR signaling pathway to EDA-dependent ectodermal appendage phenotypes have been extensively characterized, the significance of the EDA-A2/XEDAR branch of the pathway has remained obscure. In this study, we report the phenotypic consequences of disrupting the EDA-A2/XEDAR pathway on mammary gland differentiation and growth. Using a mouse Xedar knockout model, we show that Xedar has a specific and temporally restricted role in promoting late pubertal growth and branching of the mammary epithelium that can be influenced by genetic background. Our findings implicate Xedar in ectodermal appendage development and suggest that the EDA-A2/XEDAR signaling axis contributes to the etiology of EDA-dependent mammary phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Wark
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Aldea
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reiko R Tomizawa
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blerina Kokalari
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bailey Warder
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yana G Kamberov
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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13
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Li Y, Xiong Z, Zhang M, Hysi PG, Qian Y, Adhikari K, Weng J, Wu S, Du S, Gonzalez-Jose R, Schuler-Faccini L, Bortolini MC, Acuna-Alonzo V, Canizales-Quinteros S, Gallo C, Poletti G, Bedoya G, Rothhammer F, Wang J, Tan J, Yuan Z, Jin L, Uitterlinden AG, Ghanbari M, Ikram MA, Nijsten T, Zhu X, Lei Z, Jia P, Ruiz-Linares A, Spector TD, Wang S, Kayser M, Liu F. Combined genome-wide association study of 136 quantitative ear morphology traits in multiple populations reveal 8 novel loci. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010786. [PMID: 37459304 PMCID: PMC10351707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ear morphology, a complex anatomical structure represented by a multidimensional set of correlated and heritable phenotypes, has a poorly understood genetic architecture. In this study, we quantitatively assessed 136 ear morphology traits using deep learning analysis of digital face images in 14,921 individuals from five different cohorts in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Through GWAS meta-analysis and C-GWASs, a recently introduced method to effectively combine GWASs of many traits, we identified 16 genetic loci involved in various ear phenotypes, eight of which have not been previously associated with human ear features. Our findings suggest that ear morphology shares genetic determinants with other surface ectoderm-derived traits such as facial variation, mono eyebrow, and male pattern baldness. Our results enhance the genetic understanding of human ear morphology and shed light on the shared genetic contributors of different surface ectoderm-derived phenotypes. Additionally, gene editing experiments in mice have demonstrated that knocking out the newly ear-associated gene (Intu) and a previously ear-associated gene (Tbx15) causes deviating mouse ear morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ziyi Xiong
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Manfei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, China
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Beijing No.8 High School, Beijing, China
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Weng
- Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Sijie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Siyuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Rolando Gonzalez-Jose
- Instituto Patagonico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagonico, CONICET, Argentina
| | | | | | - Victor Acuna-Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Quimica, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- GENMOL (Genetica Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Jingze Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, China
| | - Li Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, China
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Peilin Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
- Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, EFS, ADES, France
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sijia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Fan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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14
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Gao H, Liu Y, Shi Z, Zhang H, Wang M, Chen H, Li Y, Ji S, Xiang J, Pi W, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wu L, Cai A, Fu X, Sun X. A volar skin excisional wound model for in situ evaluation of multiple-appendage regeneration and innervation. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad027. [PMID: 37397511 PMCID: PMC10309083 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Promoting rapid wound healing with functional recovery of all skin appendages is the main goal of regenerative medicine. So far current methodologies, including the commonly used back excisional wound model (BEWM) and paw skin scald wound model, are focused on assessing the regeneration of either hair follicles (HFs) or sweat glands (SwGs). How to achieve de novo appendage regeneration by synchronized evaluation of HFs, SwGs and sebaceous glands (SeGs) is still challenging. Here, we developed a volar skin excisional wound model (VEWM) that is suitable for examining cutaneous wound healing with multiple-appendage restoration, as well as innervation, providing a new research paradigm for the perfect regeneration of skin wounds. Methods Macroscopic observation, iodine-starch test, morphological staining and qRT-PCR analysis were used to detect the existence of HFs, SwGs, SeGs and distribution of nerve fibres in the volar skin. Wound healing process monitoring, HE/Masson staining, fractal analysis and behavioral response assessment were performed to verify that VEWM could mimic the pathological process and outcomes of human scar formation and sensory function impairment. Results HFs are limited to the inter-footpads. SwGs are densely distributed in the footpads, scattered in the IFPs. The volar skin is richly innervated. The wound area of the VEWM at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after the operation is respectively 89.17% ± 2.52%, 71.72% ± 3.79%, 55.09 % ± 4.94% and 35.74% ± 4.05%, and the final scar area accounts for 47.80% ± 6.22% of the initial wound. While the wound area of BEWM at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after the operation are respectively 61.94% ± 5.34%, 51.26% ± 4.89%, 12.63% ± 2.86% and 6.14% ± 2.84%, and the final scar area accounts for 4.33% ± 2.67% of the initial wound. Fractal analysis of the post-traumatic repair site for VEWM vs human was performed: lacunarity values, 0.040 ± 0.012 vs 0.038 ± 0.014; fractal dimension values, 1.870 ± 0.237 vs 1.903 ± 0.163. Sensory nerve function of normal skin vs post-traumatic repair site was assessed: mechanical threshold, 1.05 ± 0.52 vs 4.90 g ± 0.80; response rate to pinprick, 100% vs 71.67% ± 19.92%, and temperature threshold, 50.34°C ± 3.11°C vs 52.13°C ± 3.54°C. Conclusions VEWM closely reflects the pathological features of human wound healing and can be applied for skin multiple-appendages regeneration and innervation evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongliang Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Shaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbing Xiang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pi
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Aizhen Cai
- Correspondence. Sun Xiaoyan, ; Xiaobing Fu, ; Aizhen Cai,
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Correspondence. Sun Xiaoyan, ; Xiaobing Fu, ; Aizhen Cai,
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Correspondence. Sun Xiaoyan, ; Xiaobing Fu, ; Aizhen Cai,
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang F, Yao B, Hou L, Li Z, Song W, Kong Y, Tan Y, Fu X, Huang S. Notch4 participates in mesenchymal stem cell-induced differentiation in 3D-printed matrix and is implicated in eccrine sweat gland morphogenesis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad032. [PMID: 37397510 PMCID: PMC10309082 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Eccrine sweat gland (SG) plays a crucial role in thermoregulation but exhibits very limited regenerative potential. Although SG lineage-restricted niches dominate SG morphogenesis and benefit SG regeneration, rebuilding niches in vivo is challenging for stem cell therapeutic applications. Hence, we attempted to screen and tune the critical niche-responding genes that dually respond to both biochemical and structural cues, which might be a promising strategy for SG regeneration. Methods An artificial SG lineage-restricted niche consisting of mouse plantar dermis homogenates (i.e. biochemical cues) and 3D architecture (i.e. structural cues) was built in vitro by using an extrusion-based 3D bioprinting approach. Mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were then differentiated into the induced SG cells in the artificial SG lineage-restricted niche. To decouple biochemical cues from structural cues, the transcriptional changes aroused by pure biochemical cues, pure structural cues and synergistic effects of both cues were analyzed pairwise, respectively. Notably, only niche-dual-responding genes that are differentially expressed in response to both biochemical and structural cues and participate in switching MSC fates towards SG lineage were screened out. Validations in vitro and in vivo were respectively conducted by inhibiting or activating the candidate niche-dual-responding gene(s) to explore the consequent effects on SG differentiation. Results Notch4 is one of the niche-dual-responding genes that enhanced MSC stemness and promoted SG differentiation in 3D-printed matrix in vitro. Furthermore, inhibiting Notch4 specifically reduced keratin 19-positive epidermal stem cells and keratin 14-positive SG progenitor cells, thus further delaying embryonic SG morphogenesis in vivo. Conclusions Notch4 not only participates in mouse MSC-induced SG differentiation in vitro but is also implicated in mouse eccrine SG morphogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linhao Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshan East Road, Shenyang, 110032, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yi Kong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Tan
- College of Graduate, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | | | - Sha Huang
- Correspondence. Xiaobing Fu, ; Sha Huang,
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16
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Iwasaki RL, Satta Y. Spatial and temporal diversity of positive selection on shared haplotypes at the PSCA locus among worldwide human populations. Heredity (Edinb) 2023:10.1038/s41437-023-00631-8. [PMID: 37353592 PMCID: PMC10382566 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection on standing genetic variation is important for rapid local genetic adaptation when the environment changes. We report that, for the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene, different populations have different target haplotypes, even though haplotypes are shared among populations. The C-C-A haplotype, whereby the first C is located at rs2294008 of PSCA and is a low risk allele for gastric cancer, has become a target of positive selection in Asia. Conversely, the C-A-G haplotype carrying the same C allele has become a selection target mainly in Africa. However, Asian and African share both haplotypes, consistent with the haplotype divergence time (170 kya) prior to the out-of-Africa dispersal. The frequency of C-C-A/C-A-G is 0.344/0.278 in Asia and 0.209/0.416 in Africa. Two-dimensional site frequency spectrum analysis revealed that the extent of intra-allelic variability of the target haplotype is extremely small in each local population, suggesting that C-C-A or C-A-G is under ongoing hard sweeps in local populations. From the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of selected haplotypes, the onset times of positive selection were recent (3-55 kya), concurrently with population subdivision from a common ancestor. Additionally, estimated selection coefficients from ABC analysis were up to ~3%, similar to those at other loci under recent positive selection. Phylogeny of local populations and TMRCA of selected haplotypes revealed that spatial and temporal switching of positive selection targets is a unique and novel feature of ongoing selection at PSCA. This switching may reflect the potential of rapid adaptability to distinct environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa L Iwasaki
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Yoko Satta
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.
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17
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Jackson A, Lin SJ, Jones EA, Chandler KE, Orr D, Moss C, Haider Z, Ryan G, Holden S, Harrison M, Burrows N, Jones WD, Loveless M, Petree C, Stewart H, Low K, Donnelly D, Lovell S, Drosou K, Varshney GK, Banka S. Clinical, genetic, epidemiologic, evolutionary, and functional delineation of TSPEAR-related autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia 14. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100186. [PMID: 37009414 PMCID: PMC10064225 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TSPEAR variants cause autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia (ARED) 14. The function of TSPEAR is unknown. The clinical features, the mutation spectrum, and the underlying mechanisms of ARED14 are poorly understood. Combining data from new and previously published individuals established that ARED14 is primarily characterized by dental anomalies such as conical tooth cusps and hypodontia, like those seen in individuals with WNT10A-related odontoonychodermal dysplasia. AlphaFold-predicted structure-based analysis showed that most of the pathogenic TSPEAR missense variants likely destabilize the β-propeller of the protein. Analysis of 100000 Genomes Project (100KGP) data revealed multiple founder TSPEAR variants across different populations. Mutational and recombination clock analyses demonstrated that non-Finnish European founder variants likely originated around the end of the last ice age, a period of major climatic transition. Analysis of gnomAD data showed that the non-Finnish European population TSPEAR gene-carrier rate is ∼1/140, making it one of the commonest AREDs. Phylogenetic and AlphaFold structural analyses showed that TSPEAR is an ortholog of drosophila Closca, an extracellular matrix-dependent signaling regulator. We, therefore, hypothesized that TSPEAR could have a role in enamel knot, a structure that coordinates patterning of developing tooth cusps. Analysis of mouse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data revealed highly restricted expression of Tspear in clusters representing enamel knots. A tspeara -/-;tspearb -/- double-knockout zebrafish model recapitulated the clinical features of ARED14 and fin regeneration abnormalities of wnt10a knockout fish, thus suggesting interaction between tspear and wnt10a. In summary, we provide insights into the role of TSPEAR in ectodermal development and the evolutionary history, epidemiology, mechanisms, and consequences of its loss of function variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jackson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Jones
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate E. Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Orr
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Celia Moss
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gavin Ryan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Holden
- Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guy’s and St Thomas' Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nigel Burrows
- Department of Dermatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wendy D. Jones
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mary Loveless
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Low
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael’s Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Deirdre Donnelly
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast HSC Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon Lovell
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Konstantina Drosou
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Gaurav K. Varshney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Wang H, Yang MA, Wangdue S, Lu H, Chen H, Li L, Dong G, Tsring T, Yuan H, He W, Ding M, Wu X, Li S, Tashi N, Yang T, Yang F, Tong Y, Chen Z, He Y, Cao P, Dai Q, Liu F, Feng X, Wang T, Yang R, Ping W, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang C, Yuan K, Ko AMS, Aldenderfer M, Gao X, Xu S, Fu Q. Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5582. [PMID: 36930720 PMCID: PMC10022901 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using genome-wide data of 89 ancient individuals dated to 5100 to 100 years before the present (B.P.) from 29 sites across the Tibetan Plateau, we found plateau-specific ancestry across plateau populations, with substantial genetic structure indicating high differentiation before 2500 B.P. Northeastern plateau populations rapidly showed admixture associated with millet farmers by 4700 B.P. in the Gonghe Basin. High genetic similarity on the southern and southwestern plateau showed population expansion along the Yarlung Tsangpo River since 3400 years ago. Central and southeastern plateau populations revealed extensive genetic admixture within the plateau historically, with substantial ancestry related to that found in southern and southwestern plateau populations. Over the past ~700 years, substantial gene flow from lowland East Asia further shaped the genetic landscape of present-day plateau populations. The high-altitude adaptive EPAS1 allele was found in plateau populations as early as in a 5100-year-old individual and showed a sharp increase over the past 2800 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Melinda A. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Shargan Wangdue
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Honghai Chen
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Linhui Li
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tinley Tsring
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Haibing Yuan
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wei He
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Manyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Norbu Tashi
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Tsho Yang
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Zujun Chen
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yuanhong He
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qingyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wanjing Ping
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Albert Min-Shan Ko
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mark Aldenderfer
- Department of Anthropology and Heritage Studies, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiaomei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, China
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19
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The matrilineal ancestry of Nepali populations. Hum Genet 2023; 142:167-180. [PMID: 36242641 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Tibetan plateau and high mountain ranges of Nepal are one of the challenging geographical regions inhabited by modern humans. While much of the ethnographic and population-based genetic studies were carried out to investigate the Tibetan and Sherpa highlanders, little is known about the demographic processes that enabled the colonization of the hilly areas of Nepal. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the past demographic events that shaped the extant Nepalese genetic diversity using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations from ethnic Nepalese groups. We have analyzed mtDNA sequences of 999 Nepalese and compared data with 38,622 published mtDNA sequences from rest of the world. Our analysis revealed that the genomic landscapes of prehistoric Himalayan settlers of Nepal were similar to that of the low-altitude extant Nepalese (LAN), especially Newar and Magar population groups, but differ from contemporary high-altitude Sherpas. LAN might have derived their East Eurasian ancestry mainly from low-altitude Tibeto-Burmans, who likely have migrated from East Asia and assimilated across the Eastern Himalayas extended from the Eastern Nepal to the North-East of India, Bhutan, Tibet and Northern Myanmar. We also identified a clear genetic sub-structure across different ethnic groups of Nepal based on mtDNA haplogroups and ectodysplasin-A receptor (EDAR) gene polymorphism. Our comprehensive high-resolution mtDNA-based genetic study of Tibeto-Burman communities reconstructs the maternal origins of prehistoric Himalayan populations and sheds light on migration events that have brought most of the East Eurasian ancestry to the present-day Nepalese population.
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20
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Aldea D, Kokalari B, Atsuta Y, Dingwall HL, Zheng Y, Nace A, Cotsarelis G, Kamberov YG. Differential modularity of the mammalian Engrailed 1 enhancer network directs sweat gland development. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010614. [PMID: 36745673 PMCID: PMC9934363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are context-specific regulators of expression that drive biological complexity and variation through the redeployment of conserved genes. An example of this is the enhancer-mediated control of Engrailed 1 (EN1), a pleiotropic gene whose expression is required for the formation of mammalian eccrine sweat glands. We previously identified the En1 candidate enhancer (ECE) 18 cis-regulatory element that has been highly and repeatedly derived on the human lineage to potentiate ectodermal EN1 and induce our species' uniquely high eccrine gland density. Intriguingly, ECE18 quantitative activity is negligible outside of primates and ECE18 is not required for En1 regulation and eccrine gland formation in mice, raising the possibility that distinct enhancers have evolved to modulate the same trait. Here we report the identification of the ECE20 enhancer and show it has conserved functionality in mouse and human developing skin ectoderm. Unlike ECE18, knock-out of ECE20 in mice reduces ectodermal En1 and eccrine gland number. Notably, we find ECE20, but not ECE18, is also required for En1 expression in the embryonic mouse brain, demonstrating that ECE20 is a pleiotropic En1 enhancer. Finally, that ECE18 deletion does not potentiate the eccrine phenotype of ECE20 knock-out mice supports the secondary incorporation of ECE18 into the regulation of this trait in primates. Our findings reveal that the mammalian En1 regulatory machinery diversified to incorporate both shared and lineage-restricted enhancers to regulate the same phenotype, and also have implications for understanding the forces that shape the robustness and evolvability of developmental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aldea
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Blerina Kokalari
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuji Atsuta
- Genetics Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Dingwall
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arben Nace
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yana G. Kamberov
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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21
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Ou S, Jeyalatha MV, Mao Y, Wang J, Chen C, Zhang M, Liu X, Liang M, Lin S, Wu Y, Li Y, Li W. The Role of Ectodysplasin A on the Ocular Surface Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415700. [PMID: 36555342 PMCID: PMC9779463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA), a ligand of the TNF family, plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface. EDA is necessary for the development of the meibomian gland, the lacrimal gland, as well as the proliferation and barrier function of the corneal epithelium. The mutation of EDA can induce the destruction of the ocular surface resulting in keratopathy, abnormality of the meibomian gland and maturation of the lacrimal gland. Experimental animal studies showed that a prenatal ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection or postnatal intravenous administration of soluble recombinant EDA protein can efficiently prevent the development of ocular surface abnormalities in EDA mutant animals. Furthermore, local application of EDA could restore the damaged ocular surface to some extent. Hence, a recombinant EDA-based therapy may serve as a novel paradigm to treat ocular surface disorders, such as meibomian gland dysfunction and corneal epithelium abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Ou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mani Vimalin Jeyalatha
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Chao Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-592-2183761
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22
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Gray OA, Yoo J, Sobreira DR, Jousma J, Witonsky D, Sakabe NJ, Peng YJ, Prabhakar NR, Fang Y, Nobréga MA, Di Rienzo A. A pleiotropic hypoxia-sensitive EPAS1 enhancer is disrupted by adaptive alleles in Tibetans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade1942. [PMID: 36417539 PMCID: PMC9683707 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Tibetans, noncoding alleles in EPAS1-whose protein product hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) drives the response to hypoxia-carry strong signatures of positive selection; however, their functional mechanism has not been systematically examined. Here, we report that high-altitude alleles disrupt the activity of four EPAS1 enhancers in one or more cell types. We further characterize one enhancer (ENH5) whose activity is both allele specific and hypoxia dependent. Deletion of ENH5 results in down-regulation of EPAS1 and HIF-2α targets in acute hypoxia and in a blunting of the transcriptional response to sustained hypoxia. Deletion of ENH5 in mice results in dysregulation of gene expression across multiple tissues. We propose that pleiotropic adaptive effects of the Tibetan alleles in EPAS1 underlie the strong selective signal at this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Gray
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Yoo
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Débora R. Sobreira
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jordan Jousma
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David Witonsky
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Noboru J. Sakabe
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nanduri R. Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marcelo A. Nobréga
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anna Di Rienzo
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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23
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Abstract
Strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation at high altitude imposes a serious selective pressure, which may induce skin pigmentation adaptation of indigenous populations. We conducted skin pigmentation phenotyping and genome-wide analysis of Tibetans in order to understand the underlying mechanism of adaptation to UV radiation. We observe that Tibetans have darker baseline skin color compared with lowland Han Chinese, as well as an improved tanning ability, suggesting a two-level adaptation to boost their melanin production. A genome-wide search for the responsible genes identifies GNPAT showing strong signals of positive selection in Tibetans. An enhancer mutation (rs75356281) located in GNPAT intron 2 is enriched in Tibetans (58%) but rare in other world populations (0 to 18%). The adaptive allele of rs75356281 is associated with darker skin in Tibetans and, under UVB treatment, it displays higher enhancer activities compared with the wild-type allele in in vitro luciferase assays. Transcriptome analyses of gene-edited cells clearly show that with UVB treatment, the adaptive variant of GNPAT promotes melanin synthesis, likely through the interactions of CAT and ACAA1 in peroxisomes with other pigmentation genes, and they act synergistically, leading to an improved tanning ability in Tibetans for UV protection.
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Chen Z, Zhao J, Yan Y, Zhang L, Du L, Liu X, Cao M, Wang C, Tang Y, Li H. Differential distribution and genetic determination of eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles in the volar skin of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:316. [PMID: 35974330 PMCID: PMC9380334 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) and hair follicles (HFs) are the prominent skin appendages regulating human body temperature. C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats are the most commonly used model animals for studying ESGs and HFs. Previous studies have shown the distribution of ESGs and HFs in volar hindfeet of C57BL/6 mice, but there are few or no reports on the distribution of ESGs and HFs in volar forefeet of C57BL/6 mice and volar feet of SD rats. Here, we investigated the differential distribution and genetic determination of ESGs and HFs in the volar skin of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats through gross observation, iodine-starch sweat test, double staining with Nile Blue A and Oil Red O, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, double immunofluorescence staining of LIM Homeobox 2 (LHX2)/Na+-K+-ATPase α1(NKA) or LHX2/Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), and qRT-PCR detection of ESG-related gene Engrailed 1 (En1) and HF-related gene LHX2. RESULTS The results showed ESGs but no HFs in the footpads of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats, both ESGs and HFs in the inter-footpads (IFPs) of C57BL/6 mice, and neither ESGs nor HFs in the IFPs of SD rats. The relative quantitative change in En1 was consistent with the differential distribution of ESGs, and the relative quantitative change of LHX2 was consistent with the differential distribution of HFs. CONCLUSION C57BL/6 mice and SD rats had their own characteristics in the distribution of ESGs and HFs in the volar skin, and researchers should choose mice or rats, and even forefeet or hindfeet as their research object according to different purposes. The study provides a basis for selection of optimal animal models to study development, wound healing and regeneration of skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Chen
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.,Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongjing Yan
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lijie Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.,Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Manxiu Cao
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. .,Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. .,Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. .,Department of Wound Repair; Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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25
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Fu Q. Insights into evolutionary dynamics of East Asians through Ancient DNA. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The rediscovery of Mendel’s work showing that the heredity of phenotypes is controlled by discrete genes was followed by the reconciliation of Mendelian genetics with evolution by natural selection in the middle of the last century with the Modern Synthesis. In the past two decades, dramatic advances in genomic methods have facilitated the identification of the loci, genes, and even individual mutations that underlie phenotypic variants that are the putative targets of natural selection. Moreover, these methods have also changed how we can study adaptation by flipping the problem around, allowing us to first examine what loci show evidence of having been under selection, and then connecting these genetic variants to phenotypic variation. As a result, we now have an expanding list of actual genetic changes that underlie potentially adaptive phenotypic variation. Here, we synthesize how considering the effects of these adaptive loci in the context of cellular environments, genomes, organisms, and populations has provided new insights to the genetic architecture of adaptation.
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Zhang X, Ji X, Li C, Yang T, Huang J, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Ma S, Pang Y, Huang Y, He Y, Su B. A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3095-3109.e5. [PMID: 35839766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Southern East Asia is the dispersal center regarding the prehistoric settlement and migrations of modern humans in Asia-Pacific regions. However, the settlement pattern and population structure of paleolithic humans in this region remain elusive, and ancient DNA can provide direct information. Here, we sequenced the genome of a Late Pleistocene hominin (MZR), dated ∼14.0 thousand years ago from Red Deer Cave located in Southwest China, which was previously reported possessing mosaic features of modern and archaic hominins. MZR is the first Late Pleistocene genome from southern East Asia. Our results indicate that MZR is a modern human who represents an early diversified lineage in East Asia. The mtDNA of MZR belongs to an extinct basal lineage of the M9 haplogroup, reflecting a rich matrilineal diversity in southern East Asia during the Late Pleistocene. Combined with the published data, we detected clear genetic stratification in ancient southern populations of East/Southeast Asia and some degree of south-versus-north divergency during the Late Pleistocene, and MZR was identified as a southern East Asian who exhibits genetic continuity to present day populations. Markedly, MZR is linked deeply to the East Asian ancestry that contributed to First Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xueping Ji
- Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Department of Paleoanthropology, Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118, China; School of History, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Archaeological Institute for Yangtze Civilization, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiwu Ma
- Mengzi Institute of Cultural Relics, Mengzi, Yunnan Province 661100, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Hlusko LJ, McNelis MG. Evolutionary adaptation highlights the interconnection of fatty acids, sunlight, inflammation and epithelial adhesion. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1313-1318. [PMID: 35416313 PMCID: PMC9324807 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene variants that influence human biology today reflect thousands of years of evolution. Genetic effects on infant health are a major point of selective pressure, given that childhood survival is essential to evolutionary success. Knowledge of this evolutionary history can have implications for paediatric research. CONCLUSION: An episode of human adaptation to the extremely low ultraviolet radiation environment of the Arctic 20,000 years ago implicates the Ectodysplasin A Receptor (EDAR) and the Fatty Acid Desaturases (FADS) in human lactation and epithelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslea J. Hlusko
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) Burgos Spain
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Madeline G. McNelis
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
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Huang X, Xia ZY, Bin X, He G, Guo J, Adnan A, Yin L, Huang Y, Zhao J, Yang Y, Ma F, Li Y, Hu R, Yang T, Wei LH, Wang CC. Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.853391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern China is the birthplace of rice-cultivating agriculture and different language families and has also witnessed various human migrations that facilitated cultural diffusions. The fine-scale demographic history in situ that forms present-day local populations, however, remains unclear. To comprehensively cover the genetic diversity in East and Southeast Asia, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 211 present-day Southern Chinese and co-analyzed them with ∼1,200 ancient and modern genomes. In Southern China, language classification is significantly associated with genetic variation but with a different extent of predictability, and there is strong evidence for recent shared genetic history particularly in Hmong–Mien and Austronesian speakers. A geography-related genetic sub-structure that represents the major genetic variation in Southern East Asians is established pre-Holocene and its extremes are represented by Neolithic Fujianese and First Farmers in Mainland Southeast Asia. This sub-structure is largely reduced by admixture in ancient Southern Chinese since > ∼2,000 BP, which forms a “Southern Chinese Cluster” with a high level of genetic homogeneity. Further admixture characterizes the demographic history of the majority of Hmong–Mien speakers and some Kra-Dai speakers in Southwest China happened ∼1,500–1,000 BP, coeval to the reigns of local chiefdoms. In Yellow River Basin, we identify a connection of local populations to genetic sub-structure in Southern China with geographical correspondence appearing > ∼9,000 BP, while the gene flow likely closely related to “Southern Chinese Cluster” since the Longshan period (∼5,000–4,000 BP) forms ancestry profile of Han Chinese Cline.
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30
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Font-Porterias N, McNelis MG, Comas D, Hlusko LJ. Evidence of selection in the ectodysplasin pathway among endangered aquatic mammals. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac018. [PMID: 35874492 PMCID: PMC9299678 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis The ectodysplasin pathway has been a target of evolution repeatedly. Genetic variation in the key genes of this pathway (EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) results in a rich source of pleiotropic effects across ectodermally-derived structures, including teeth, hair, sweat glands, and mammary glands. In addition, a non-canonical Wnt pathway has a very similar functional role, making variation in the WNT10A gene also of evolutionary significance. The adaptation of mammals to aquatic environments has occurred independently in at least 4 orders, whose species occupy a wide geographic range (from equatorial to polar regions) and exhibit great phenotypic variation in ectodermally-derived structures, including the presence or absence of fur and extreme lactational strategies. The role of the ectodysplasin pathway in the adaptation to aquatic environments has been never explored in mammalian species. In the present study, we analyze the genetic variation in orthologous coding sequences from EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, and WNT10A genes together with ectodermally-derived phenotypic variation from 34 aquatic and non-aquatic mammalian species to assess signals of positive selection, gene-trait coevolution, and genetic convergence. Our study reveals strong evidence of positive selection in a proportion of coding sites in EDA and EDAR genes in 3 endangered aquatic mammals (the Hawaiian monk seal, the Yangtze finless porpoise, and the sea otter). We hypothesize functional implications potentially related to the adaptation to the low-latitude aquatic environment in the Hawaiian monk seal and the freshwater in the Yangtze finless porpoise. The signal in the sea otter is likely the result of an increased genetic drift after an intense bottleneck and reduction of genetic diversity. Besides positive selection, we have not detected robust signals of gene-trait coevolution or convergent amino acid shifts in the ectodysplasin pathway associated with shared phenotypic traits among aquatic mammals. This study provides new evidence of the evolutionary role of the ectodysplasin pathway and encourages further investigation, including functional studies, to fully resolve its relationship with mammalian aquatic adaptation. Spanish La vía de la ectodisplasina ha sido objeto de la evolución repetidamente. La variación genética en los principales genes de esta vía (EDA, EDAR y EDARADD) da como resultado una gran diversidad de efectos pleiotrópicos en las estructuras derivadas del ectodermo, incluidos los dientes, el cabello, las glándulas sudoríparas y las glándulas mamarias. Además, una vía wnt no canónica tiene un papel funcional muy similar, por lo que la variación en el gen WNT10A también tiene importancia evolutiva. La adaptación de los mamíferos a los entornes acuáticos se ha producido de forma independiente en al menos cuatro órdenes, cuyas especies ocupan un amplio rango geográfico (desde regiones ecuatoriales a polares) y presentan una gran variación fenotípica en las estructuras derivadas del ectodermo, incluyendo la presencia o ausencia de pelaje y estrategias de lactancia muy diferentes. El papel de la vía de la ectodisplasina en la adaptación a entornos acuáticos no se ha explorado nunca en especies de mamíferos. En este estudio, analizamos la variación genética en las secuencias codificantes ortólogas de los genes EDA, EDAR, EDARADD y WNT10A junto con la variación fenotípica derivada del ectodermo de 34 especies de mamíferos acuáticos y no acuáticos para evaluar señales de selección positiva, coevolución gen-rasgo y convergencia genética. Nuestro estudio revela señales de selección positiva en regiones de las secuencias codificantes de los genes EDA y EDAR en tres mamíferos acuáticos en peligro de extinción (la foca monje de Hawái, la marsopa lisa y la nutria marina). Estas señales podrían tener implicaciones funcionales potencialmente relacionadas con la adaptación al entorno acuático de baja latitud en la foca monje de Hawái y el agua dulce en la marsopa lisa. La señal en la nutria marina es probablemente el resultado de una mayor deriva genética tras un intenso un cuello de botella y una reducción de la diversidad genética. A parte de selección positiva, no hemos detectado señales sólidas de coevolución gen-rasgo o cambios convergentes de aminoácidos en la vía de la ectodisplasina asociados a rasgos fenotípicos compartidos entre mamíferos acuáticos. Este estudio proporciona nuevas evidencias del papel evolutivo de la vía de la ectodisplasina y quiere promover futuras investigaciones con estudios funcionales para acabar de resolver la relación de esta vía con la adaptación acuática de los mamíferos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Font-Porterias
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Madeline G McNelis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley , California , USA
| | - David Comas
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Leslea J Hlusko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley , California , USA
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) , Burgos , Spain
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31
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Gray GK, Li CMC, Rosenbluth JM, Selfors LM, Girnius N, Lin JR, Schackmann RCJ, Goh WL, Moore K, Shapiro HK, Mei S, D'Andrea K, Nathanson KL, Sorger PK, Santagata S, Regev A, Garber JE, Dillon DA, Brugge JS. A human breast atlas integrating single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1400-1420.e7. [PMID: 35617956 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast is a dynamic organ whose response to physiological and pathophysiological conditions alters its disease susceptibility, yet the specific effects of these clinical variables on cell state remain poorly annotated. We present a unified, high-resolution breast atlas by integrating single-cell RNA-seq, mass cytometry, and cyclic immunofluorescence, encompassing a myriad of states. We define cell subtypes within the alveolar, hormone-sensing, and basal epithelial lineages, delineating associations of several subtypes with cancer risk factors, including age, parity, and BRCA2 germline mutation. Of particular interest is a subset of alveolar cells termed basal-luminal (BL) cells, which exhibit poor transcriptional lineage fidelity, accumulate with age, and carry a gene signature associated with basal-like breast cancer. We further utilize a medium-depletion approach to identify molecular factors regulating cell-subtype proportion in organoids. Together, these data are a rich resource to elucidate diverse mammary cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carman Man-Chung Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M Rosenbluth
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron C J Schackmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Walter L Goh
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaitlin Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hana K Shapiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaolin Mei
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translation Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translation Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Duan X, Pan M, Fan S. Comprehensive evaluation of structural variant genotyping methods based on long-read sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:324. [PMID: 35461238 PMCID: PMC9034514 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural variants (SVs) play a crucial role in gene regulation, trait association, and disease in humans. SV genotyping has been extensively applied in genomics research and clinical diagnosis. Although a growing number of SV genotyping methods for long reads have been developed, a comprehensive performance assessment of these methods has yet to be done. Results Based on one simulated and three real SV datasets, we performed an in-depth evaluation of five SV genotyping methods, including cuteSV, LRcaller, Sniffles, SVJedi, and VaPoR. The results show that for insertions and deletions, cuteSV and LRcaller have similar F1 scores (cuteSV, insertions: 0.69–0.90, deletions: 0.77–0.90 and LRcaller, insertions: 0.67–0.87, deletions: 0.74–0.91) and are superior to other methods. For duplications, inversions, and translocations, LRcaller yields the most accurate genotyping results (0.84, 0.68, and 0.47, respectively). When genotyping SVs located in tandem repeat region or with imprecise breakpoints, cuteSV (insertions and deletions) and LRcaller (duplications, inversions, and translocations) are better than other methods. In addition, we observed a decrease in F1 scores when the SV size increased. Finally, our analyses suggest that the F1 scores of these methods reach the point of diminishing returns at 20× depth of coverage. Conclusions We present an in-depth benchmark study of long-read SV genotyping methods. Our results highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each genotyping method, which provide practical guidance for optimal application selection and prospective directions for tool improvement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08548-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingpei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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33
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Zhang M, Wu S, Du S, Qian W, Chen J, Qiao L, Yang Y, Tan J, Yuan Z, Peng Q, Liu Y, Navarro N, Tang K, Ruiz-Linares A, Wang J, Claes P, Jin L, Li J, Wang S. Genetic variants underlying differences in facial morphology in East Asian and European populations. Nat Genet 2022; 54:403-411. [PMID: 35393595 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Facial morphology-a conspicuous feature of human appearance-is highly heritable. Previous studies on the genetic basis of facial morphology were performed mainly in European-ancestry cohorts (EUR). Applying a data-driven phenotyping and multivariate genome-wide scanning protocol to a large collection of three-dimensional facial images of individuals with East Asian ancestry (EAS), we identified 244 variants in 166 loci (62 new) associated with typical-range facial variation. A newly proposed polygenic shape analysis indicates that the effects of the variants on facial shape in EAS can be generalized to EUR. Based on this, we further identified 13 variants related to differences between facial shape in EUR and EAS populations. Evolutionary analyses suggest that the difference in nose shape between EUR and EAS populations is caused by a directional selection, due mainly to a local adaptation in Europeans. Our results illustrate the underlying genetic basis for facial differences across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingze Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS-EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Kun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Pan Y, Zhang C, Lu Y, Ning Z, Lu D, Gao Y, Zhao X, Yang Y, Guan Y, Mamatyusupu D, Xu S. Genomic diversity and post-admixture adaptation in the Uyghurs. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab124. [PMID: 35350227 PMCID: PMC8953455 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Population admixture results in genome-wide combinations of genetic variants derived from different ancestral populations of distinct ancestry, thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the genetic determinants of phenotypic variation in humans. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing of 92 individuals with high coverage (30–60×) to systematically investigate genomic diversity in the Uyghurs living in Xinjiang, China (XJU), an admixed population of both European-like and East-Asian-like ancestry. The XJU population shows greater genetic diversity, especially a higher proportion of rare variants, compared with their ancestral source populations, corresponding to greater phenotypic diversity of XJU. Admixture-induced functional variants in EDAR were associated with the diversity of facial morphology in XJU. Interestingly, the interaction of functional variants between SLC24A5 and OCA2 likely influences the diversity of skin pigmentation. Notably, selection has seemingly been relaxed or canceled in several genes with significantly biased ancestry, such as HERC2–OCA2. Moreover, signatures of post-admixture adaptation in XJU were identified, including genes related to metabolism (e.g. CYP2D6), digestion (e.g. COL11A1), olfactory perception (e.g. ANO2) and immunity (e.g. HLA). Our results demonstrated population admixture as a driving force, locally or globally, in shaping human genetic and phenotypic diversity as well as in adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhilin Ning
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yaqun Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Dolikun Mamatyusupu
- College of the Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University , Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Ultrasound Evaluation of the Diaphragm in Clinical Anesthesia. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:2163225. [PMID: 35281531 PMCID: PMC8913060 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2163225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When the human body is anesthetized, the human nerve tissue will be greatly affected, which also affects the breathing of the human body. The respiration during anesthesia is a lack of initiative, and the energy efficiency of the diaphragm in the lungs is very important to the safety of anesthesia. In this paper, the application of the ultrasound evaluation of the diaphragm in clinical anesthesia was studied. In this paper, 24 patients who underwent lung examination under medical anesthesia at our hospital were evaluated by the ultrasound vertical mixed echo method. Through patient voluntary selection and consent, 16 patients were examined with B-mode ultrasound and the other 8 patients with M-mode ultrasound to compare the effects of different ultrasounds on diaphragm image quality. In addition, this paper also analyzes the differences between different ultrasounds and the strengths and weaknesses of diaphragmatic ultrasound evaluation in clinical anesthesia. The suggestions of using different ultrasounds in ultrasonic evaluation are given. The study showed that 16 cases of B-mode ultrasound evaluation of the diaphragm obtained ultrasound images which showed a large field of vision, acoustic frequency between 7 and 18 MHz, and thickness difference between 0.35 and 0.52 cm. In 8 patients with the diaphragm evaluated by M-mode ultrasound, the local features of M-mode ultrasound images were clearer than those of B-mode ultrasound images, but the visual field area was smaller, the acoustic frequency was between 10 and 15 MHz, and the thickness difference was between 0.12 and 0.18 cm. Based on the above data, this paper suggests that, in the ultrasonic evaluation of the diaphragm, B-mode ultrasound should be used to check the patients first, and then M-mode ultrasound should be used to check the parts with poor quality so that the accurate diaphragm quality of patients can be obtained in the vast majority of patients.
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Colomer-Vilaplana A, Murga-Moreno J, Canalda-Baltrons A, Inserte C, Soto D, Coronado-Zamora M, Barbadilla A, Casillas S. PopHumanVar: an interactive application for the functional characterization and prioritization of adaptive genomic variants in humans. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D1069-D1076. [PMID: 34664660 PMCID: PMC8728255 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive challenges that humans faced as they expanded across the globe left specific molecular footprints that can be decoded in our today's genomes. Different sets of metrics are used to identify genomic regions that have undergone selection. However, there are fewer methods capable of pinpointing the allele ultimately responsible for this selection. Here, we present PopHumanVar, an interactive online application that is designed to facilitate the exploration and thorough analysis of candidate genomic regions by integrating both functional and population genomics data currently available. PopHumanVar generates useful summary reports of prioritized variants that are putatively causal of recent selective sweeps. It compiles data and graphically represents different layers of information, including natural selection statistics, as well as functional annotations and genealogical estimations of variant age, for biallelic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of the 1000 Genomes Project phase 3. Specifically, PopHumanVar amasses SNV-based information from GEVA, SnpEFF, GWAS Catalog, ClinVar, RegulomeDB and DisGeNET databases, as well as accurate estimations of iHS, nSL and iSAFE statistics. Notably, PopHumanVar can successfully identify known causal variants of frequently reported candidate selection regions, including EDAR in East-Asians, ACKR1 (DARC) in Africans and LCT/MCM6 in Europeans. PopHumanVar is open and freely available at https://pophumanvar.uab.cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Colomer-Vilaplana
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jesús Murga-Moreno
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Aleix Canalda-Baltrons
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Clara Inserte
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Coronado-Zamora
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbadilla
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Sònia Casillas
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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Association of HLA-DPB1, NLRP10, OVOL1, and ABCC11 with the axillary microbiome in a Japanese population. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 105:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang X, Sarengaowa, He G, Guo J, Zhu K, Ma H, Zhao J, Yang M, Chen J, Zhang X, Tao L, Liu Y, Zhang XF, Wang CC. Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians. Front Genet 2021; 12:735786. [PMID: 34956310 PMCID: PMC8693022 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.735786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mongolians dwell at the Eastern Eurasian Steppe, where is the agriculture and pasture interlaced area, practice pastoral subsistence strategies for generations, and have their own complex genetic formation history. There is evidence that the eastward expansion of Western Steppe herders transformed the lifestyle of post-Bronze Age Mongolia Plateau populations and brought gene flow into the gene pool of Eastern Eurasians. Here, we reported genome-wide data for 42 individuals from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of North China. We observed that our studied Mongolians were structured into three distinct genetic clusters possessing different genetic affinity with previous studied Inner Mongolians and Mongols and various Eastern and Western Eurasian ancestries: two subgroups harbored dominant Eastern Eurasian ancestry from Neolithic millet farmers of Yellow River Basin; another subgroup derived Eastern Eurasian ancestry primarily from Neolithic hunter-gatherers of North Asia. Besides, three-way/four-way qpAdm admixture models revealed that both north and southern Western Eurasian ancestry related to the Western Steppe herders and Iranian farmers contributed to the genetic materials into modern Mongolians. ALDER-based admixture coefficient and haplotype-based GLOBETROTTER demonstrated that the former western ancestry detected in modern Mongolian could be recently traced back to a historic period in accordance with the historical record about the westward expansion of the Mongol empire. Furthermore, the natural selection analysis of Mongolians showed that the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region underwent significantly positive selective sweeps. The functional genes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactase persistence (LCT), were not identified, while the higher/lower frequencies of derived mutations were strongly correlated with the genetic affinity to East Asian/Western Eurasian populations. Our attested complex population movement and admixture in the agriculture and pasture interlaced area played an important role in the formation of modern Mongolians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sarengaowa
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meiqing Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Le Tao
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Wahyudi F, Aghakhanian F, Rahman S, Teo YY, Szpak M, Dhaliwal J, Ayub Q. Prioritising positively selected variants in whole-genome sequencing data using FineMAV. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:604. [PMID: 34922440 PMCID: PMC8684245 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In population genomics, polymorphisms that are highly differentiated between geographically separated populations are often suggestive of Darwinian positive selection. Genomic scans have highlighted several such regions in African and non-African populations, but only a handful of these have functional data that clearly associates candidate variations driving the selection process. Fine-Mapping of Adaptive Variation (FineMAV) was developed to address this in a high-throughput manner using population based whole-genome sequences generated by the 1000 Genomes Project. It pinpoints positively selected genetic variants in sequencing data by prioritizing high frequency, population-specific and functional derived alleles. Results We developed a stand-alone software that implements the FineMAV statistic. To graphically visualise the FineMAV scores, it outputs the statistics as bigWig files, which is a common file format supported by many genome browsers. It is available as a command-line and graphical user interface. The software was tested by replicating the FineMAV scores obtained using 1000 Genomes Project African, European, East and South Asian populations and subsequently applied to whole-genome sequencing datasets from Singapore and China to highlight population specific variants that can be subsequently modelled. The software tool is publicly available at https://github.com/fadilla-wahyudi/finemav. Conclusions The software tool described here determines genome-wide FineMAV scores, using low or high-coverage whole-genome sequencing datasets, that can be used to prioritize a list of population specific, highly differentiated candidate variants for in vitro or in vivo functional screens. The tool displays these scores on the human genome browsers for easy visualisation, annotation and comparison between different genomic regions in worldwide human populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04506-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadilla Wahyudi
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Farhang Aghakhanian
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation,, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michał Szpak
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jasbir Dhaliwal
- School of Information Technology, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Qasim Ayub
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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40
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Nishikawa Y, Ishida T. Genetic lineage of the Amami islanders inferred from classical genetic markers. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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41
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Coletta DK, Hlusko LJ, Scott GR, Garcia LA, Vachon CM, Norman AD, Funk JL, Shaibi GQ, Hernandez V, De Filippis E, Mandarino LJ. Association of EDARV370A with breast density and metabolic syndrome in Latinos. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258212. [PMID: 34618839 PMCID: PMC8496850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF) superfamily member. A substitution in an exon of EDAR at position 370 (EDARV370A) creates a gain of function mutant present at high frequencies in Asian and Indigenous American populations but absent in others. Its frequency is intermediate in populations of Mexican ancestry. EDAR regulates the development of ectodermal tissues, including mammary ducts. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are prevalent in people with Indigenous and Latino ancestry. Latino patients also have altered prevalence and presentation of breast cancer. It is unknown whether EDARV370A might connect these phenomena. The goals of this study were to determine 1) whether EDARV370A is associated with metabolic phenotypes and 2) if there is altered breast anatomy in women carrying EDARV370A. Participants were from two Latino cohorts, the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry and Sangre por Salud (SPS) biobank. The frequency of EDARV370A was 47% in the Latino cohorts. In the AIR registry, carriers of EDARV370A (GG homozygous) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher plasma triglycerides, VLDL, ALT, 2-hour post-challenge glucose, and a higher prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes. In a subset of the AIR registry, serum levels of ectodysplasin A2 (EDA-A2) also were associated with HbA1c and prediabetes (p < 0.05). For the SPS biobank, participants that were carriers of EDARV370A had lower breast density and higher HbA1c (both p < 0.05). The significant associations with measures of glycemia remained when the cohorts were combined. We conclude that EDARV370A is associated with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and breast density in Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leslea J. Hlusko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | - G. Richard Scott
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron D. Norman
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Funk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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42
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Bin X, Wang R, Huang Y, Wei R, Zhu K, Yang X, Ma H, He G, Guo J, Zhao J, Yang M, Chen J, Zhang X, Tao L, Liu Y, Huang X, Wang CC. Genomic Insight Into the Population Structure and Admixture History of Tai-Kadai-Speaking Sui People in Southwest China. Front Genet 2021; 12:735084. [PMID: 34616433 PMCID: PMC8489805 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.735084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sui people, which belong to the Tai-Kadai-speaking family, remain poorly characterized due to a lack of genome-wide data. To infer the fine-scale population genetic structure and putative genetic sources of the Sui people, we genotyped 498,655 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using SNP arrays in 68 Sui individuals from seven indigenous populations in Guizhou province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southwest China and co-analyzed with available East Asians via a series of population genetic methods including principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, pairwise Fst genetic distance, f-statistics, qpWave, and qpAdm. Our results revealed that Guangxi and Guizhou Sui people showed a strong genetic affinity with populations from southern China and Southeast Asia, especially Tai-Kadai- and Hmong-Mien-speaking populations as well as ancient Iron Age Taiwan Hanben, Gongguan individuals supporting the hypothesis that Sui people came from southern China originally. The indigenous Tai-Kadai-related ancestry (represented by Li), Northern East Asian-related ancestry, and Hmong-Mien-related lineage contributed to the formation processes of the Sui people. We identified the genetic substructure within Sui groups: Guizhou Sui people were relatively homogeneous and possessed similar genetic profiles with neighboring Tai-Kadai-related populations, such as Maonan. While Sui people in Yizhou and Huanjiang of Guangxi might receive unique, additional gene flow from Hmong-Mien-speaking populations and Northern East Asians, respectively, after the divergence within other Sui populations. Sui people could be modeled as the admixture of ancient Yellow River Basin farmer-related ancestry (36.2-54.7%) and ancient coastal Southeast Asian-related ancestry (45.3-63.8%). We also identified the potential positive selection signals related to the disease susceptibility in Sui people via integrated haplotype score (iHS) and number of segregating sites by length (nSL) scores. These genomic findings provided new insights into the demographic history of Tai-Kadai-speaking Sui people and their interaction with neighboring populations in Southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youyi Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Rongyao Wei
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meiqing Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Le Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiufeng Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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43
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Lo YH, Cheng HC, Hsiung CN, Yang SL, Wang HY, Peng CW, Chen CY, Lin KP, Kang ML, Chen CH, Chu HW, Lin CF, Lee MH, Liu Q, Satta Y, Lin CJ, Lin M, Chaw SM, Loo JH, Shen CY, Ko WY. Detecting Genetic Ancestry and Adaptation in the Taiwanese Han People. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4149-4165. [PMID: 33170928 PMCID: PMC8476137 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Taiwanese people are composed of diverse indigenous populations and the Taiwanese Han. About 95% of the Taiwanese identify themselves as Taiwanese Han, but this may not be a homogeneous population because they migrated to the island from various regions of continental East Asia over a period of 400 years. Little is known about the underlying patterns of genetic ancestry, population admixture, and evolutionary adaptation in the Taiwanese Han people. Here, we analyzed the whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data from 14,401 individuals of Taiwanese Han collected by the Taiwan Biobank and the whole-genome sequencing data for a subset of 772 people. We detected four major genetic ancestries with distinct geographic distributions (i.e., Northern, Southeastern, Japonic, and Island Southeast Asian ancestries) and signatures of population mixture contributing to the genomes of Taiwanese Han. We further scanned for signatures of positive natural selection that caused unusually long-range haplotypes and elevations of hitchhiked variants. As a result, we identified 16 candidate loci in which selection signals can be unambiguously localized at five single genes: CTNNA2, LRP1B, CSNK1G3, ASTN2, and NEO1. Statistical associations were examined in 16 metabolic-related traits to further elucidate the functional effects of each candidate gene. All five genes appear to have pleiotropic connections to various types of disease susceptibility and significant associations with at least one metabolic-related trait. Together, our results provide critical insights for understanding the evolutionary history and adaption of the Taiwanese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Lo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chien Cheng
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Show-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Peng
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ping Lin
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Kang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Quintin Liu
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Satta
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marie Lin
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Miaw Chaw
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hun Loo
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Ko
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Zhang Y, Enhejirigala, Li Z, Song W, Yao B, Li J, Wang Y, Duan X, Yuan X, Huang S, Fu X. The role of CTHRC1 in hair follicle regenerative capacity restored by plantar dermis homogenate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 571:14-19. [PMID: 34298337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of hair follicle (HF) regenerative capacity is the cornerstone in tissue engineering for the loss of regenerative capacity during in vitro expansion of skin-derived precursors (SKPs). Microenvironmental cues facilitated tissue or organ regeneration offers a potential strategy to overcome this difficulty. In our previous work, plantar dermis matrix homogenate (PD) has been proved to induce sweat glands regeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we found PD also restore regenerative capacity of culture impaired HF spheroids (IHFS). Further, followed by our previous iTRAQ results, the CTHRC1 was identified as a potential regulator in PD facilitated restorative effects in HF regeneration. Knockout of Cthrc1 impaired HF regenerative capacity in spheroids, decreased the diameter of HF in 28 postnatal days mice and shortened invagination of HF bud in 18 days of gestation mice. In IHFS and Cthrc1-/- spheroids, PD partially restored HF regenerative capacity while Cthrc1-/- PD (PDKO) has less or no effect. Taken together, PD is an effective microenvironmental cues for HF regenerative capacity restoration and CTHRC1 played an important role in HF regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Enhejirigala
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wei Song
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xianlan Duan
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
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45
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Rotival M, Cossart P, Quintana-Murci L. Reconstructing 50,000 years of human history from our DNA: lessons from modern genomics. C R Biol 2021; 344:177-187. [PMID: 34213855 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of high throughput sequencing approaches and ancient DNA techniques have enabled reconstructing the history of human populations at an unprecedented level of resolution. The symposium from the French Academy of Sciences "50,000 ans d'épopée humaine dans notre ADN" has reviewed some of the latest contributions from the fields of genomics, archaeology, and linguistics to our understanding of >300,000 years of human history. DNA has revealed the richness of the human journey, from the deep divergences between human populations in Africa, to the first encounters of Homo Sapiens with other hominins on their way to Eurasia and the peopling of Remote Oceania. The symposium has also emphasized how migrations, cultural practices, and environmental pathogens have contributed to shape the genetic diversity of modern humans, through admixture, genetic drift or genetic adaptation. Finally, special attention was also given to how human behaviours have shaped the genome of other species, through the spreading of microbes and pathogens, as in the case of Yersinia Pestis, or through domestication, as elegantly demonstrated for dogs, horses, and apples. Altogether, this conference illustrated how the complex history of human populations is tightly linked with their contemporary genetic diversity that, in turn, has direct effects on their identity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rotival
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Bacteria/Cell Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, U604, Inserm, Paris 75015, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, 75005, France.,Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris 75015, France
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46
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Spina E, Cowin P. Embryonic mammary gland development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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47
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The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. Cell 2021; 184:3256-3266.e13. [PMID: 34048699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Northern East Asia was inhabited by modern humans as early as 40 thousand years ago (ka), as demonstrated by the Tianyuan individual. Using genome-wide data obtained from 25 individuals dated to 33.6-3.4 ka from the Amur region, we show that Tianyuan-related ancestry was widespread in northern East Asia before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the close of the LGM stadial, the earliest northern East Asian appeared in the Amur region, and this population is basal to ancient northern East Asians. Human populations in the Amur region have maintained genetic continuity from 14 ka, and these early inhabitants represent the closest East Asian source known for Ancient Paleo-Siberians. We also observed that EDAR V370A was likely to have been elevated to high frequency after the LGM, suggesting the possible timing for its selection. This study provides a deep look into the population dynamics of northern East Asia.
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48
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Ma X, Yang W, Gao Y, Pan Y, Lu Y, Chen H, Lu D, Xu S. Genetic origins and sex-biased admixture of the Huis. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3804-3819. [PMID: 34021754 PMCID: PMC8382924 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hui people are unique among Chinese ethnic minorities in that they speak the same language as Han Chinese (HAN) but practice Islam. However, as the second-largest minority group in China numbering well over 10 million, the Huis are under-represented in both global and regional genomic studies. Here, we present the first whole-genome sequencing effort of 234 Hui individuals (NXH) aged over 60 who have been living in Ningxia, where the Huis are mostly concentrated. NXH are genetically more similar to East Asian than to any other global populations. In particular, the genetic differentiation between NXH and HAN (FST = 0.0015) is only slightly larger than that between northern and southern HAN (FST = 0.0010), largely attributed to the western ancestry in NXH (∼10%). Highly differentiated functional variants between NXH and HAN were identified in genes associated with skin pigmentation (e.g., SLC24A5), facial morphology (e.g., EDAR), and lipid metabolism (e.g., ABCG8). The Huis are also distinct from other Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs (FST = 0.0187), especially, NXH derived much less western ancestry (∼10%) compared with the Uyghurs (∼50%). Modeling admixture history indicated that NXH experienced an episode of two-wave admixture. An ancient admixture occurred ∼1,025 years ago, reflecting the intensive west-east contacts during the late Tang Dynasty, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. A recent admixture occurred ∼500 years ago, corresponding to the Ming Dynasty. Notably, we identified considerable sex-biased admixture, i.e., excess of western males and eastern females contributing to the NXH gene pool. The origins and the genomic diversity of the Hui people imply the complex history of contacts between western and eastern Eurasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, the General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004 China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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49
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Repeated mutation of a developmental enhancer contributed to human thermoregulatory evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021722118. [PMID: 33850016 PMCID: PMC8072367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021722118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans sweat to cool their bodies and have by far the highest eccrine sweat gland density among primates. Humans' high eccrine gland density has long been recognized as a hallmark human evolutionary adaptation, but its genetic basis has been unknown. In humans, expression of the Engrailed 1 (EN1) transcription factor correlates with the onset of eccrine gland formation. In mice, regulation of ectodermal En1 expression is a major determinant of natural variation in eccrine gland density between strains, and increased En1 expression promotes the specification of more eccrine glands. Here, we show that regulation of EN1 has evolved specifically on the human lineage to promote eccrine gland formation. Using comparative genomics and validation of ectodermal enhancer activity in mice, we identified a human EN1 skin enhancer, hECE18. We showed that multiple epistatically interacting derived substitutions in the human ECE18 enhancer increased its activity compared with nonhuman ape orthologs in cultured keratinocytes. Repression of hECE18 in human cultured keratinocytes specifically attenuated EN1 expression, indicating this element positively regulates EN1 in this context. In a humanized enhancer knock-in mouse, hECE18 increased developmental En1 expression in the skin to induce the formation of more eccrine glands. Our study uncovers a genetic basis contributing to the evolution of one of the most singular human adaptations and implicates multiple interacting mutations in a single enhancer as a mechanism for human evolutionary change.
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50
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Guernsey MW, van Kruistum H, Reznick DN, Pollux BJA, Baker JC. Molecular Signatures of Placentation and Secretion Uncovered in Poeciliopsis Maternal Follicles. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:2679-2690. [PMID: 32421768 PMCID: PMC7475030 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Placentation evolved many times independently in vertebrates. Although the core functions of all placentas are similar, we know less about how this similarity extends to the molecular level. Here, we study Poeciliopsis, a unique genus of live-bearing fish that have independently evolved complex placental structures at least three times. The maternal follicle is a key component of these structures. It envelops yolk-rich eggs and is morphologically simple in lecithotrophic species but has elaborate villous structures in matrotrophic species. Through sequencing, the follicle transcriptome of a matrotrophic, Poeciliopsis retropinna, and lecithotrophic, P. turrubarensis, species we found genes known to be critical for placenta function expressed in both species despite their difference in complexity. Additionally, when we compare the transcriptome of different river populations of P. retropinna, known to vary in maternal provisioning, we find differential expression of secretory genes expressed specifically in the top layer of villi cells in the maternal follicle. This provides some of the first evidence that the placental structures of Poeciliopsis function using a secretory mechanism rather than direct contact with maternal circulation. Finally, when we look at the expression of placenta proteins at the maternal–fetal interface of a larger sampling of Poeciliopsis species, we find expression of key maternal and fetal placenta proteins in their cognate tissue types of all species, but follicle expression of prolactin is restricted to only matrotrophic species. Taken together, we suggest that all Poeciliopsis follicles are poised for placenta function but require expression of key genes to form secretory villi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Guernsey
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Henri van Kruistum
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Bart J A Pollux
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie C Baker
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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