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Jiao F, Meng L, Du K, Li X. The autophagy-lysosome pathway: a potential target in the chemical and gene therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:139-158. [PMID: 38767483 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders associated with the intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate proteins such as α-synuclein in neurons. As one of the major intracellular degradation pathways, the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an important role in eliminating these proteins. Accumulating evidence has shown that upregulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway may contribute to the clearance of α-synuclein aggregates and protect against degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, multiple genes associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease are intimately linked to alterations in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Thus, this pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this review, we briefly introduce the machinery of autophagy. Then, we provide a description of the effects of Parkinson's disease-related genes on the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Finally, we highlight the potential chemical and genetic therapeutic strategies targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway and their applications in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingyan Meng
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kang Du
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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Hu M, Feng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Huang F, Xu H. The ion channels of endomembranes. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1335-1385. [PMID: 38451235 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1-3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1-3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Feng
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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He Y, Fan Y, Ahmadpoor X, Wang Y, Li ZA, Zhu W, Lin H. Targeting lysosomal quality control as a therapeutic strategy against aging and diseases. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38711187 DOI: 10.1002/med.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Previously, lysosomes were primarily referred to as the digestive organelles and recycling centers within cells. Recent discoveries have expanded the lysosomal functional scope and revealed their critical roles in nutrient sensing, epigenetic regulation, plasma membrane repair, lipid transport, ion homeostasis, and cellular stress response. Lysosomal dysfunction is also found to be associated with aging and several diseases. Therefore, function of macroautophagy, a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation system, has been identified as one of the updated twelve hallmarks of aging. In this review, we begin by introducing the concept of lysosomal quality control (LQC), which is a cellular machinery that maintains the number, morphology, and function of lysosomes through different processes such as lysosomal biogenesis, reformation, fission, fusion, turnover, lysophagy, exocytosis, and membrane permeabilization and repair. Next, we summarize the results from studies reporting the association between LQC dysregulation and aging/various disorders. Subsequently, we explore the emerging therapeutic strategies that target distinct aspects of LQC for treating diseases and combatting aging. Lastly, we underscore the existing knowledge gap and propose potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xenab Ahmadpoor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Li Y, Wang Y, Kou L, Yin S, Chi X, Sun Y, Wu J, Jin Z, Zhou Q, Zou W, Wang T, Xia Y. Plasma exosomes impair microglial degradation of α-synuclein through V-ATPase subunit V1G1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14738. [PMID: 38702933 PMCID: PMC11069054 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microglia are the main phagocytes in the brain and can induce neuroinflammation. Moreover, they are critical to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and propagation. Plasma exosomes derived from patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD-exo) reportedly evoked α-syn aggregation and inflammation in microglia. In turn, microglia internalized and released exosomal α-syn, enhancing α-syn propagation. However, the specific mechanism through which PD-exo influences α-syn degradation remains unknown. METHODS Exosomes were extracted from the plasma of patients with PD by differential ultracentrifugation, analyzed using electron microscopy (EM) and nanoparticle flow cytometry, and stereotaxically injected into the unilateral striatum of the mice. Transmission EM was employed to visualize lysosomes and autophagosomes in BV2 cells, and lysosome pH was measured with LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND-160. Cathepsin B and D, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), ATP6V1G1, tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein, calnexin, α-syn, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blotting, and α-syn, LAMP1, and ATP6V1G1 were also observed by immunofluorescence. Small interfering ribonucleic acid against V1G1 was transfected into BV2 cells and primary microglia using Lipofectamine® 3000. A PD mouse model was established via injection with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into mice. A lentiviral-mediated strategy to overexpress ATP6V1G1 in the brain of MPTP-treated mice was employed. Motor coordination was assessed using rotarod and pole tests, and neurodegeneration in the mouse substantia nigra and striatum tissues was determined using immunofluorescence histochemical and western blotting of tyrosine hydroxylase. RESULTS PD-exo decreased the expression of V1G1, responsible for the acidification of intra- and extracellular milieu. This impairment of lysosomal acidification resulted in the accumulation of abnormally swollen lysosomes and decreased lysosomal enzyme activities, impairing lysosomal protein degradation and causing α-syn accumulation. Additionally, V1G1 overexpression conferred the mice neuroprotection during MPTP exposure. CONCLUSION Pathogenic protein accumulation is a key feature of PD, and compromised V-type ATPase dysfunction might participate in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, V1G1 overexpression protects against neuronal toxicity in an MPTP-based PD mouse model, which may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutic interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zongjie Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Sava I, Davis LJ, Gray SR, Bright NA, Luzio JP. Reversible assembly and disassembly of V-ATPase during the lysosome regeneration cycle. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar63. [PMID: 38446621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the luminal pH of late endocytic compartments in continuously fed mammalian cells is poorly understood. Using normal rat kidney fibroblasts, we investigated the reversible assembly/disassembly of the proton pumping V-ATPase when endolysosomes are formed by kissing and fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes and during the subsequent reformation of lysosomes. We took advantage of previous work showing that sucrosomes formed by the uptake of sucrose are swollen endolysosomes from which lysosomes are reformed after uptake of invertase. Using confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation of NRK cells stably expressing fluorescently tagged proteins, we found net recruitment of the V1 subcomplex during sucrosome formation and loss during lysosome reformation, with a similar time course to RAB7a loss. Addition of invertase did not alter mTORC1 signalling, suggesting that the regulation of reversible V-ATPase assembly/disassembly in continuously fed cells differs from that in cells subject to amino acid depletion/refeeding. Using live cell microscopy, we demonstrated recruitment of a fluorescently tagged V1 subunit during endolysosome formation and a dynamic equilibrium and rapid exchange between the cytosolic and membrane bound pools of this subunit. We conclude that reversible V-ATPase assembly/disassembly plays a key role in regulating endolysosomal/lysosomal pH in continuously fed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Sava
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Luther J Davis
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sally R Gray
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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Yin Q, Yang C. Exploring lysosomal biology: current approaches and methods. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2024; 10:111-120. [PMID: 38774350 PMCID: PMC11103719 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are the degradation centers and signaling hubs in the cell. Lysosomes undergo adaptation to maintain cell homeostasis in response to a wide variety of cues. Dysfunction of lysosomes leads to aging and severe diseases including lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. To understand the complexity of lysosome biology, many research approaches and tools have been developed to investigate lysosomal functions and regulatory mechanisms in diverse experimental systems. This review summarizes the current approaches and tools adopted for studying lysosomes, and aims to provide a methodological overview of lysosomal research and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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Zhang W, Sha Z, Tang Y, Jin C, Gao W, Chen C, Yu L, Lv N, Liu S, Xu F, Wang D, Shi L. Defective Lamtor5 Leads to Autoimmunity by Deregulating v-ATPase and Lysosomal Acidification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400446. [PMID: 38639386 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence linking defective lysosome function with autoimmune diseases, how the catabolic machinery is regulated to maintain immune homeostasis remains unknown. Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and mTOR activator 5 (Lamtor5) is a subunit of the Ragulator mediating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation in response to amino acids, but its action mode and physiological role are still unclear. Here it is demonstrated that Lamtor5 level is markedly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In parallel, the mice with myeloid Lamtor5 ablation developed SLE-like manifestation. Impaired lysosomal function and aberrant activation of mTORC1 are evidenced in Lamtor5 deficient macrophages and PBMCs of SLE patients, accompanied by blunted autolysosomal pathway and undesirable inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, it is shown that Lamtor5 is physically associated with ATP6V1A, an essential subunit of vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase), and promoted the V0/V1 holoenzyme assembly to facilitate lysosome acidification. The binding of Lamtor5 to v-ATPase affected the lysosomal tethering of Rag GTPase and weakened its interaction with mTORC1 for activation. Overall, Lamtor5 is identified as a critical factor for immune homeostasis by intergrading v-ATPase activity, lysosome function, and mTOR pathway. The findings provide a potential therapeutic target for SLE and/or other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yunzhe Tang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Key lab of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Changmai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Lang Yu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Nianyin Lv
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
- Key lab of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310022, China
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Matsui H, Takahashi R. Current trends in basic research on Parkinson's disease: from mitochondria, lysosome to α-synuclein. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-024-02774-2. [PMID: 38613675 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other brain regions. A key pathological feature of PD is the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein protein within affected neurons, manifesting as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Despite extensive research efforts spanning several decades, the underlying mechanisms of PD and disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. This review provides an overview of current trends in basic research on PD. Initially, it discusses the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD, followed by insights into the role of lysosomal dysfunction and disruptions in the vesicular transport system. Additionally, it delves into the pathological and physiological roles of α-synuclein, a crucial protein associated with PD pathophysiology. Overall, the purpose of this review is to comprehend the current state of elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying PD and to outline future directions in understanding this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachidori, Chuoku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Bhore N, Bogacki EC, O'Callaghan B, Plun-Favreau H, Lewis PA, Herbst S. Common genetic risk for Parkinson's disease and dysfunction of the endo-lysosomal system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220517. [PMID: 38368938 PMCID: PMC10874702 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder, characterized by prominent movement dysfunction. The past two decades have seen a rapid expansion of our understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson's, initially through the identification of monogenic forms and, more recently, through genome-wide association studies identifying common risk variants. Intriguingly, a number of cellular pathways have emerged from these analysis as playing central roles in the aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson's. In this review, the impact of data deriving from genome-wide analyses for Parkinson's upon our functional understanding of the disease will be examined, with a particular focus on examples of endo-lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. The challenges of moving from a genetic to a functional understanding of common risk variants for Parkinson's will be discussed, with a final consideration of the current state of the genetic architecture of the disorder. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Bhore
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Erin C. Bogacki
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Benjamin O'Callaghan
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Helene Plun-Favreau
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Susanne Herbst
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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10
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Liang M, Ji N, Song J, Kang H, Zeng X. Flagellar pH homeostasis mediated by Na+/H+ exchangers regulates human sperm functions through coupling with CatSper and KSper activation. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:674-688. [PMID: 38366201 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Whether and how do Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) regulate the physiological functions of human sperm? SUMMARY ANSWER NHE-mediated flagellar intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis facilitates the activation of the pH-sensitive, sperm-specific Ca2+ channel (CatSper) and the sperm-specific K+ channel (KSper), which subsequently modulate sperm motility, hyperactivation, flagellar tyrosine phosphorylation, and the progesterone (P4)-induced acrosome reaction. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sperm pHi alkalization is an essential prerequisite for the acquisition of sperm-fertilizing capacity. Different sperm functions are strictly controlled by particular pHi regulatory mechanisms. NHEs are suggested to modulate sperm H+ efflux. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a laboratory study that used samples from >50 sperm donors over a period of 1 year. To evaluate NHE action on human sperm function, 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA), a highly selective inhibitor of NHEs, was utilized. All experiments were repeated at least five times using different individual sperm samples or cells. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS By utilizing the pH fluorescent indicator pHrodo Red-AM, we detected alterations in single-cell pHi value in human sperm. The currents of CatSper and KSper in human sperm were recorded by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Changes in population and single-cell Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) of human sperm loaded with Fluo 4-AM were measured. Membrane potential (Vm) and population pHi were quantitatively examined by a multimode plate reader after sperm were loaded with 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide and 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester, respectively. Sperm motility parameters were assessed by a computer-assisted semen analysis system. Tyrosine phosphorylation was determined by immunofluorescence, and sperm acrosome reaction was evaluated by Pisum sativum agglutinin-FITC staining. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE DMA-induced NHEs inhibition severely acidified the human sperm flagellar pHi from 7.20 ± 0.04 to 6.38 ± 0.12 (mean ± SEM), while the effect of DMA on acrosomal pHi was less obvious (from 5.90 ± 0.13 to 5.57 ± 0.12, mean ± SEM). The whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that NHE inhibition remarkably suppressed alkalization-induced activation of CatSper and KSper. As a consequence, impairment of [Ca2+]i homeostasis and Vm maintenance were detected in the presence of DMA. During the capacitation process, pre-treatment with DMA for 2 h potently decreased sperm pHi, which in turn decreased sperm motility and kinetic parameters. Sperm capacitation-associated functions, including hyperactivation, tyrosine phosphorylation, and P4-induced acrosome reaction, were also compromised by NHE inhibition. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was an in vitro study. Caution should be taken when extrapolating these results to in vivo applications. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study revealed that NHEs are important physiological regulators for human CatSper and KSper, which are indispensable for human sperm fertility, suggesting that malfunction of NHEs could be an underlying mechanism for the pathogenesis of male infertility. FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271167 and 81871202 to X.Z.), Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan (JSSCRC20211543 to X.Z.), the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2022765 to X.Z.), the Society and livelihood Project of Nantong City (No. MS22022087 to X.Z.), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220608 to H.K.). The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Nanxi Ji
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hang Kang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuhui Zeng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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11
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Brooker SM, Naylor GE, Krainc D. Cell biology of Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms of synaptic, lysosomal, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 85:102841. [PMID: 38306948 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a growing cause of disability worldwide and there is a critical need for the development of disease-modifying therapies to slow or stop disease progression. Recent advances in characterizing the genetics of PD have expanded our understanding of the cell biology of this disorder. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, defects in synaptic function, and impaired lysosomal activity have been shown to be linked in PD, resulting in a pathogenic feedback cycle involving the accumulation of toxic oxidized dopamine and alpha-synuclein. In this review, we will highlight recent data on a subset of PD-linked genes which have key roles in these pathways and the pathogenic cycle. We will furthermore discuss findings highlighting the importance of dynamic mitochondria-lysosome contact sites that mediate direct inter-organelle cross-talk in the pathogenesis of PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Brooker
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. https://twitter.com/BrookerSarahM
| | - Grace E Naylor
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. https://twitter.com/GENaylor
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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12
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Zeng W, Li C, Wu R, Yang X, Wang Q, Lin B, Wei Y, Li H, Shan G, Qu L, Cang C. Optogenetic manipulation of lysosomal physiology and autophagy-dependent clearance of amyloid beta. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002591. [PMID: 38652732 PMCID: PMC11068202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradation centers of cells and intracellular hubs of signal transduction, nutrient sensing, and autophagy regulation. Dysfunction of lysosomes contributes to a variety of diseases, such as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Altering lysosomal activity and examining its impact on the occurrence and development of disease is an important strategy for studying lysosome-related diseases. However, methods to dynamically regulate lysosomal function in living cells or animals are still lacking. Here, we constructed lysosome-localized optogenetic actuators, named lyso-NpHR3.0, lyso-ArchT, and lyso-ChR2, to achieve optogenetic manipulation of lysosomes. These new actuators enable light-dependent control of lysosomal membrane potential, pH, hydrolase activity, degradation, and Ca2+ dynamics in living cells. Notably, lyso-ChR2 activation induces autophagy through the mTOR pathway, promotes Aβ clearance in an autophagy-dependent manner in cellular models, and alleviates Aβ-induced paralysis in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Our lysosomal optogenetic actuators supplement the optogenetic toolbox and provide a method to dynamically regulate lysosomal physiology and function in living cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zeng
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Canjun Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruikun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingguo Yang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bingqian Lin
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Shan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lili Qu
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlei Cang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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13
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Kang H, Lee CJ. Transmembrane proteins with unknown function (TMEMs) as ion channels: electrophysiological properties, structure, and pathophysiological roles. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:850-860. [PMID: 38556553 PMCID: PMC11059273 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A transmembrane (TMEM) protein with an unknown function is a type of membrane-spanning protein expressed in the plasma membrane or the membranes of intracellular organelles. Recently, several TMEM proteins have been identified as functional ion channels. The structures and functions of these proteins have been extensively studied over the last two decades, starting with TMEM16A (ANO1). In this review, we provide a summary of the electrophysiological properties of known TMEM proteins that function as ion channels, such as TMEM175 (KEL), TMEM206 (PAC), TMEM38 (TRIC), TMEM87A (GolpHCat), TMEM120A (TACAN), TMEM63 (OSCA), TMEM150C (Tentonin3), and TMEM43 (Gapjinc). Additionally, we examine the unique structural features of these channels compared to those of other well-known ion channels. Furthermore, we discuss the diverse physiological roles of these proteins in lysosomal/endosomal/Golgi pH regulation, intracellular Ca2+ regulation, spatial memory, cell migration, adipocyte differentiation, and mechanical pain, as well as their pathophysiological roles in Parkinson's disease, cancer, osteogenesis imperfecta, infantile hypomyelination, cardiomyopathy, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. This review highlights the potential for the discovery of novel ion channels within the TMEM protein family and the development of new therapeutic targets for related channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Castillo-Velasquez C, Matamala E, Becerra D, Orio P, Brauchi SE. Optical recordings of organellar membrane potentials and the components of membrane conductance in lysosomes. J Physiol 2024; 602:1637-1654. [PMID: 38625711 DOI: 10.1113/jp283825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell is highly compartmentalized with organelles. Owing to their function in transporting metabolites, metabolic intermediates and byproducts of metabolic activity, organelles are important players in the orchestration of cellular function. Recent advances in optical methods for interrogating the different aspects of organellar activity promise to revolutionize our ability to dissect cellular processes with unprecedented detail. The transport activity of organelles is usually coupled to the transport of charged species; therefore, it is not only associated with the metabolic landscape but also entangled with membrane potentials. In this context, the targeted expression of fluorescent probes for interrogating organellar membrane potential (Ψorg) emerges as a powerful approach, offering less-invasive conditions and technical simplicity to interrogate cellular signalling and metabolism. Different research groups have made remarkable progress in adapting a variety of optical methods for measuring and monitoring Ψorg. These approaches include using potentiometric dyes, genetically encoded voltage indicators, hybrid fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensors and photoinduced electron transfer systems. These studies have provided consistent values for the resting potential of single-membrane organelles, such as lysosomes, the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. We can foresee the use of dynamic measurements of Ψorg to study fundamental problems in organellar physiology that are linked to serious cellular disorders. Here, we present an overview of the available techniques, a survey of the resting membrane potential of internal membranes and, finally, an open-source mathematical model useful to interpret and interrogate membrane-bound structures of small volume by using the lysosome as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Castillo-Velasquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ella Matamala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Becerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Orio
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastian E Brauchi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
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15
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Yan R, Zhang P, Shen S, Zeng Y, Wang T, Chen Z, Ma W, Feng J, Suo C, Zhang T, Wei H, Jiang Z, Chen R, Li ST, Zhong X, Jia W, Sun L, Cang C, Zhang H, Gao P. Carnosine regulation of intracellular pH homeostasis promotes lysosome-dependent tumor immunoevasion. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:483-495. [PMID: 38177283 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells and surrounding immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, leading to an acidic tumor microenvironment. However, it is unclear how tumor cells adapt to this acidic stress during tumor progression. Here we show that carnosine, a mobile buffering metabolite that accumulates under hypoxia in tumor cells, regulates intracellular pH homeostasis and drives lysosome-dependent tumor immune evasion. A previously unrecognized isoform of carnosine synthase, CARNS2, promotes carnosine synthesis under hypoxia. Carnosine maintains intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis by functioning as a mobile proton carrier to accelerate cytosolic H+ mobility and release, which in turn controls lysosomal subcellular distribution, acidification and activity. Furthermore, by maintaining lysosomal activity, carnosine facilitates nuclear transcription factor X-box binding 1 (NFX1) degradation, triggering galectin-9 and T-cell-mediated immune escape and tumorigenesis. These findings indicate an unconventional mechanism for pHi regulation in cancer cells and demonstrate how lysosome contributes to immune evasion, thus providing a basis for development of combined therapeutic strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma that exploit disrupted pHi homeostasis with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pinggen Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Insitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shengqi Shen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junru Feng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Zhong
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Jia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Linchong Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Cang
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Insitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Zhao D, Wang J, Gao L, Huang X, Zhu F, Wang F. Visualizing the intracellular aggregation behavior of gold nanoclusters via structured illumination microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169153. [PMID: 38072282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Given the growing concerns about nanotoxicity, numerous studies have focused on providing mechanistic insights into nanotoxicity by imaging the intracellular fate of nanoparticles. A suitable imaging strategy is necessary to uncover the intracellular behavior of nanoparticles. Although each conventional technique has its own limitations, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) combine the advantages of chemical element mapping, ultrastructural analysis, and cell dynamic tracking. Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), synthesized using 6-aza-2 thiothymine (ATT) and L-arginine (Arg) as reducing and protecting ligands, referred to as Arg@ATT-AuNCs, have been widely used in biological sensing and imaging, medicine, and catalyst yield. Based on their intrinsic fluorescence and high electron density, Arg@ATT-AuNCs were selected as a model. STEM imaging showed that both the single-particle and aggregated states of Arg@ATT-AuNCs were compartmentally distributed within a single cell. Real-time 3D-SIM imaging showed that the fluorescent Arg@ATT-AuNCs gradually aggregated after being located in the lysosomes of living cells, causing lysosomal damage. The aggregate formation of Arg@ATT-AuNCs was triggered by the low-pH medium, particularly in the lysosomal acidic environment. The proposed dual imaging strategy was verified using other types of AuNCs, which is valuable for studying nano-cell interactions and any associated cytotoxicity, and has the potential to be a useful approach for exploring the interaction of cells with various nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fengping Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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18
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Firdaus Z, Li X. Unraveling the Genetic Landscape of Neurological Disorders: Insights into Pathogenesis, Techniques for Variant Identification, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2320. [PMID: 38396996 PMCID: PMC10889342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Genetic exploration has indeed contributed to unraveling the molecular complexities responsible for the etiology and progression of various NDDs. The intricate nature of rare and common variants in NDDs contributes to a limited understanding of the genetic risk factors associated with them. Advancements in next-generation sequencing have made whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing possible, allowing the identification of rare variants with substantial effects, and improving the understanding of both Mendelian and complex neurological conditions. The resurgence of gene therapy holds the promise of targeting the etiology of diseases and ensuring a sustained correction. This approach is particularly enticing for neurodegenerative diseases, where traditional pharmacological methods have fallen short. In the context of our exploration of the genetic epidemiology of the three most prevalent NDDs-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, our primary goal is to underscore the progress made in the development of next-generation sequencing. This progress aims to enhance our understanding of the disease mechanisms and explore gene-based therapies for NDDs. Throughout this review, we focus on genetic variations, methodologies for their identification, the associated pathophysiology, and the promising potential of gene therapy. Ultimately, our objective is to provide a comprehensive and forward-looking perspective on the emerging research arena of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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DeCoursey TE. Transcendent Aspects of Proton Channels. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:357-377. [PMID: 37931166 PMCID: PMC10938948 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-023242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A handful of biological proton-selective ion channels exist. Some open at positive or negative membrane potentials, others open at low or high pH, and some are light activated. This review focuses on common features that result from the unique properties of protons. Proton conduction through water or proteins differs qualitatively from that of all other ions. Extraordinary proton selectivity is needed to ensure that protons permeate and other ions do not. Proton selectivity arises from a proton pathway comprising a hydrogen-bonded chain that typically includes at least one titratable amino acid side chain. The enormously diverse functions of proton channels in disparate regions of the phylogenetic tree can be summarized by considering the chemical and electrical consequences of proton flux across membranes. This review discusses examples of cells in which proton efflux serves to increase pHi, decrease pHo, control the membrane potential, generate action potentials, or compensate transmembrane movement of electrical charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E DeCoursey
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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20
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Liang Y, Zhong G, Li Y, Ren M, Wang A, Ying M, Liu C, Guo Y, Zhang D. Comprehensive Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Parkinson's Disease Lysosomal Gene ACP2 and Pan-cancer. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10652-x. [PMID: 38310198 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal role of lysosomal function in preserving neuronal homeostasis is recognized, with its dysfunction being implicated in neurodegenerative processes, notably in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, the molecular underpinnings of lysosome-related genes (LRGs) in the context of PD remain partially elucidated. We collected RNA-seq data from the brain substantia nigra of 30 PD patients and 20 normal subjects from the GEO database. We obtained molecular classification clusters from the screened lysosomal expression patterns. The lysosome-related diagnostic model of Parkinson's disease was constructed by XGBoost and Random Forest. And we validated the expression patterns of signature LRGs in the diagnostic model by constructing a PD rat model. Finally, the linkage between PD and cancer through signature genes was explored. The expression patterns of the 33 LRGs screened can be divided into two groups of PD samples, enabling exploration of the variance in biological processes and immune elements. Cluster A had a higher disease severity. Subsequently, critical genes were sieved through the application of machine learning methodologies culminating in the identification of two intersecting feature genes (ACP2 and LRP2). A PD risk prediction model was constructed grounded on these signature genes. The model's validity was assessed through nomogram evaluation, which demonstrated robust confidence validity. Then we analyzed the correlation analysis, immune in-filtration, biological function, and rat expression validation of the two genes with common pathogenic genes in Parkinson's disease, indicating that these two genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. We then selected ACP2, which had a significant immune infiltration correlation, as the entry gene for the pan-cancer analysis. The pan-cancer analysis revealed that ACP2 has profound associations with prognostic indicators, immune infiltration, and tumor-related regulatory processes across various neoplasms, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in a range of human diseases, including PD and cancers. Our study comprehensively analyzed the molecular grouping of LRGs expression patterns in Parkinson's disease, and the disease progression was more severe in cluster A. And the PD diagnosis model related to LRGs is constructed. Finally, ACP2 is a potential target for the relationship between Parkinson's disease and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Guangshang Zhong
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Mingxin Ren
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Ao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Mengjiao Ying
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Ding Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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21
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Hu C, Yan Y, Jin Y, Yang J, Xi Y, Zhong Z. Decoding the Cellular Trafficking of Prion-like Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:241-254. [PMID: 37755677 PMCID: PMC10838874 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In a process known as 'seeding', prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta, microtubule-associated protein tau, α-synuclein, silence superoxide dismutase 1, or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa, propagate their misfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into fibrils. Cellular and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs, the clinical relevance of their 'seeding' capacities, and their levels of contribution towards disease progression have been intensively studied over recent years. This review unpacks the cyclic prion-like propagation in cells including factors of aggregate internalization, endo-lysosomal leaking, aggregate degradation, and secretion. Debates on the importance of the role of prion-like protein aggregates in NDs, whether causal or consequent, are also discussed. Applications lead to a greater understanding of ND pathogenesis and increased potential for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Hu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiqun Yan
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Jin
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Zhen Zhong
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Handy J, Macintosh GC, Jenny A. Ups and downs of lysosomal pH: conflicting roles of LAMP proteins? Autophagy 2024; 20:437-440. [PMID: 37960894 PMCID: PMC10813643 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2274253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The acidic pH of lysosomes is critical for catabolism in eukaryotic cells and is altered in neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer and Parkinson. Recent reports using Drosophila and mammalian cell culture systems have identified novel and, at first sight, conflicting roles for the lysosomal associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) in the regulation of the endolysosomal system.Abbreviation: AD: Alzheimer disease; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LTR: LysoTracker; PD: Parkinson disease; TMEM175: transmembrane protein 175; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Handy
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo C. Macintosh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Gokuladhas S, Fadason T, Farrow S, Cooper A, O'Sullivan JM. Discovering genetic mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of Parkinson's disease and non-motor traits. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38263313 PMCID: PMC10805842 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological mechanisms that underlie the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) requires comprehensive frameworks that unravel the complex interplay of genetic risk factors. Here, we used a disease-agnostic brain cortex gene regulatory network integrated with Mendelian Randomization analyses that identified 19 genes whose changes in expression were causally linked to PD. We further used the network to identify genes that are regulated by PD-associated genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNPs. Extended protein interaction networks derived from PD-risk genes and PD-associated SNPs identified convergent impacts on biological pathways and phenotypes, connecting PD with established co-occurring traits, including non-motor symptoms. These findings hold promise for therapeutic development. In conclusion, while distinct sets of genes likely influence PD risk and outcomes, the existence of genes in common and intersecting pathways associated with other traits suggests that they may contribute to both increased PD risk and symptom heterogeneity observed in people with Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreemol Gokuladhas
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Tayaza Fadason
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Farrow
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Antony Cooper
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Parkinson's Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
- Australian Parkinson's Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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24
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Shi JJ, Mao CY, Guo YZ, Fan Y, Hao XY, Li SJ, Tian J, Hu ZW, Li MJ, Li JD, Ma DR, Guo MN, Zuo CY, Liang YY, Xu YM, Yang J, Shi CH. Joint analysis of proteome, transcriptome, and multi-trait analysis to identify novel Parkinson's disease risk genes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1555-1580. [PMID: 38240717 PMCID: PMC10866412 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple risk variants for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, how the risk variants confer the risk of PD remains largely unknown. We conducted a proteome-wide association study (PWAS) and summary-data-based mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis by integrating PD GWAS with proteome and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from human brain, plasma and CSF. We also performed a large transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and Fine-mapping of causal gene sets (FOCUS), leveraging joint-tissue imputation (JTI) prediction models of 22 tissues to identify and prioritize putatively causal genes. We further conducted PWAS, SMR, TWAS, and FOCUS using a multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) to identify additional PD risk genes to boost statistical power. In this large-scale study, we identified 16 genes whose genetically regulated protein abundance levels were associated with Parkinson's disease risk. We undertook a large-scale analysis of PD and correlated traits, through TWAS and FOCUS studies, and discovered 26 casual genes related to PD that had not been reported in previous TWAS. 5 genes (CD38, GPNMB, RAB29, TMEM175, TTC19) showed significant associations with PD at both the proteome-wide and transcriptome-wide levels. Our study provides new insights into the etiology and underlying genetic architecture of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shuang-Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Di Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Dong-Rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Nan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
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25
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Da M, Li S, Yang R, Jia Z, Ma Y, Qi F, Zhao J, Shen G, Chen D. Therapeutic effect and metabolic fingerprinting of triple-negative breast cancer cells following exposure to a novel pH-responsive, gambogic acid-loaded micelle. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:115101. [PMID: 38081078 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and lacks effective therapeutic targets. The use of gambogic acid (GA), a class of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumour potential, is limited in tumour therapy owing to its drawbacks and unclear organ toxicity. In this study, we used the pH-responsive amphiphilic block copolymer, PEOz-PCL, to create nanodrugs for GA delivery to MDA-MB-231 cells. The pH-responsive GA-loaded micelles were prepared through nanoprecipitation with a more homogeneous size. The average particle size was 42.29 ± 1.74 nm, and the zeta potential value was 9.88 ± 0.17 mV. The encapsulation rate was 85.06%, and the drug loading rate was 10.63%. The process was reproducible, and sustained release reached 80% in 96 h at acid pH 5.0. Furthermore, cellular tests using CCK-8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry revealed that pH-responsive GA-loaded micelles killed MDA-MB-231 cells more effectively and had much higher activity and targeting compared with free drugs. Metabolomic analysis of the changes in differential metabolites revealed that pH-responsive GA-loaded micelles may inhibit TNBC cells by causing amino acid anabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and glucose metabolism, as well as by affecting their energy sources. The study outcomes will help understand the mechanism of action and the therapeutic efficacy of pH-responsive GA-loaded micellesin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Da
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidong No. 2 People's Hospital, Haidong, 810699, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidong No. 2 People's Hospital, Haidong, 810699, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxian Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidong No. 2 People's Hospital, Haidong, 810699, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshuang Shen
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, People's Republic of China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidong No. 2 People's Hospital, Haidong, 810699, People's Republic of China
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26
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Huang J, Yu Y, Pang D, Li C, Wei Q, Cheng Y, Cui Y, Ou R, Shang H. Lnc-HIBADH-4 Regulates Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Targeting Cathepsin D. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03835-5. [PMID: 38135852 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most prevalent and lethal class of severe motor neuron diseases (MND) with no efficacious treatment. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALS remain unclear. Nearly 90% of patients exhibit sporadic onset (sALS). Therefore, elucidating the pathophysiology of ALS is imperative. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a large class of non-coding RNAs that regulate transcription, translation, and post-translational processes. LncRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative disorders and hold promise as targets for interference in the realm of neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms of which lncRNAs are involved in ALS have not been thoroughly investigated. We identified and validated a downregulated lncRNA, lnc-HIBADH-4, in ALS which correlated with disease severity and overall survival. Lnc-HIBADH-4 acted as a "molecular sponge" regulating lysosomal function through the lnc-HIBADH-4/miR-326/CTSD pathway, thereby impacting autophagy-lysosome dynamics and the levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, this study discovered and revealed the role of lnc-HIBADH-4 in the pathogenesis of ALS. With further research, lnc-HIBADH-4 is expected to provide a new biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujiao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyuan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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27
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Pal P, Taylor M, Lam PY, Tonelli F, Hecht CA, Lis P, Nirujogi RS, Phung TK, Yeshaw WM, Jaimon E, Fasimoye R, Dickie EA, Wightman M, Macartney T, Pfeffer SR, Alessi DR. Parkinson's VPS35[D620N] mutation induces LRRK2-mediated lysosomal association of RILPL1 and TMEM55B. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1205. [PMID: 38091401 PMCID: PMC10848721 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the Parkinson's VPS35[D620N] mutation alters the expression of ~220 lysosomal proteins and stimulates recruitment and phosphorylation of Rab proteins at the lysosome. This recruits the phospho-Rab effector protein RILPL1 to the lysosome where it binds to the lysosomal integral membrane protein TMEM55B. We identify highly conserved regions of RILPL1 and TMEM55B that interact and design mutations that block binding. In mouse fibroblasts, brain, and lung, we demonstrate that the VPS35[D620N] mutation reduces RILPL1 levels, in a manner reversed by LRRK2 inhibition and proteasome inhibitors. Knockout of RILPL1 enhances phosphorylation of Rab substrates, and knockout of TMEM55B increases RILPL1 levels. The lysosomotropic agent LLOMe also induced LRRK2 kinase-mediated association of RILPL1 to the lysosome, but to a lower extent than the D620N mutation. Our study uncovers a pathway through which dysfunctional lysosomes resulting from the VPS35[D620N] mutation recruit and activate LRRK2 on the lysosomal surface, driving assembly of the RILPL1-TMEM55B complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Pal
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew Taylor
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Pui Yiu Lam
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Chloe A. Hecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Pawel Lis
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Raja S. Nirujogi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Toan K. Phung
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Wondwossen M. Yeshaw
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Ebsy Jaimon
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Rotimi Fasimoye
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Emily A. Dickie
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Melanie Wightman
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Suzanne R. Pfeffer
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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28
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Liu Y, Liu S, Tomar A, Yen FS, Unlu G, Ropek N, Weber RA, Wang Y, Khan A, Gad M, Peng J, Terzi E, Alwaseem H, Pagano AE, Heissel S, Molina H, Allwein B, Kenny TC, Possemato RL, Zhao L, Hite RK, Vinogradova EV, Mansy SS, Birsoy K. Autoregulatory control of mitochondrial glutathione homeostasis. Science 2023; 382:820-828. [PMID: 37917749 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria must maintain adequate amounts of metabolites for protective and biosynthetic functions. However, how mitochondria sense the abundance of metabolites and regulate metabolic homeostasis is not well understood. In this work, we focused on glutathione (GSH), a critical redox metabolite in mitochondria, and identified a feedback mechanism that controls its abundance through the mitochondrial GSH transporter, SLC25A39. Under physiological conditions, SLC25A39 is rapidly degraded by mitochondrial protease AFG3L2. Depletion of GSH dissociates AFG3L2 from SLC25A39, causing a compensatory increase in mitochondrial GSH uptake. Genetic and proteomic analyses identified a putative iron-sulfur cluster in the matrix-facing loop of SLC25A39 as essential for this regulation, coupling mitochondrial iron homeostasis to GSH import. Altogether, our work revealed a paradigm for the autoregulatory control of metabolic homeostasis in organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anju Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, Università di Trento, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Frederick S Yen
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gokhan Unlu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathalie Ropek
- Laboratory of Chemical Immunology and Proteomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross A Weber
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Artem Khan
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Gad
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junhui Peng
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erdem Terzi
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra E Pagano
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Søren Heissel
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Allwein
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Kenny
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard L Possemato
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Hite
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Chemical Immunology and Proteomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheref S Mansy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Jones-Tabah J, He K, Senkevich K, Karpilovsky N, Deyab G, Cousineau Y, Nikanorova D, Goldsmith T, Pellitero EDC, Chen CXQ, Luo W, You Z, Abdian N, Pietrantonio I, Goiran T, Ahmad J, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Spiegelman D, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Miliukhina I, Timofeeva A, Emelyanov A, Pchelina S, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Alcalay RN, Milnerwood A, Durcan TM, Gan-Or Z, Fon EA. The Parkinson's disease risk gene cathepsin B promotes fibrillar alpha-synuclein clearance, lysosomal function and glucocerebrosidase activity in dopaminergic neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.11.566693. [PMID: 38014143 PMCID: PMC10680785 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.11.566693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the CTSB gene encoding the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin B (catB) are associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, neither the specific CTSB variants driving these associations nor the functional pathways that link catB to PD pathogenesis have been characterized. CatB activity contributes to lysosomal protein degradation and regulates signaling processes involved in autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. Previous in vitro studies have found that catB can cleave monomeric and fibrillar alpha-synuclein, a key protein involved in the pathogenesis of PD that accumulates in the brains of PD patients. However, truncated synuclein isoforms generated by catB cleavage have an increased propensity to aggregate. Thus, catB activity could potentially contribute to lysosomal degradation and clearance of pathogenic alpha synuclein from the cell, but also has the potential of enhancing synuclein pathology by generating aggregation-prone truncations. Therefore, the mechanisms linking catB to PD pathophysiology remain to be clarified. Here, we conducted genetic analyses of the association between common and rare CTSB variants and risk of PD. We then used genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate catB expression and function in cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons and assessed lysosomal activity and the handling of aggregated synuclein fibrils. We find that catB inhibition impairs autophagy, reduces glucocerebrosidase (encoded by GBA1 ) activity, and leads to an accumulation of lysosomal content. In cell lines, reduction of CTSB gene expression impairs the degradation of pre-formed alpha-synuclein fibrils, whereas CTSB gene activation enhances fibril clearance. In midbrain organoids and dopaminergic neurons treated with alpha-synuclein fibrils, catB inhibition potentiates the formation of inclusions which stain positively for phosphorylated alpha-synuclein. These results indicate that the reduction of catB function negatively impacts lysosomal pathways associated with PD pathogenesis, while conversely catB activation could promote the clearance of pathogenic alpha-synuclein.
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30
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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31
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Duan X, Tong Q, Fu C, Chen L. Lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes: Design mechanism and biological applications. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106832. [PMID: 37683542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As an integral organelle in the eukaryote, the lysosome is the degradation center and metabolic signal center in living cells, and partakes in significant physiological processes such as autophagy, cell death and cellular senescence. Fluorescent probe has become a favorite tool for studying organelles and their chemical microenvironments because of its high specificity and non-destructive merits. Over recent years, it has been reported that increasingly new lysosome-targeted probes play a major role in the diagnosis and monitor of diseases, in particular cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to deepen the relevant research on lysosome, it is challenging and inevitability to design novel lysosomal targeting probes. This review first introduces the concepts of lysosome and its closely related biological activities, and then introduces the fluorescent probes for lysosome in detail according to different detection targets, including targeting mechanism, biological imaging, and application in diseases. Finally, we summarize the specific challenges and discuss the future development direction facing the current lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes. We hope that this review can help biologists grasp the application of fluorescent probes and broaden the research ideas of researchers targeting fluorescent probes so as to design more accurate and functional probes for application in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Duan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Oncology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chengxiao Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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32
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Zhang Y, Nelson SCK, Viera Ortiz AP, Lee EB, Fairman R. C9orf72 proline-arginine dipeptide repeats disrupt the proteasome and perturb proteolytic activities. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:901-910. [PMID: 37791472 PMCID: PMC10587997 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexanucleotide G4C2 repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most frequent genetic cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Aberrant translation of this hexanucleotide sequence leads to production of 5 dipeptide repeats (DPRs). One of these DPRs is proline-arginine (polyPR), which is found in C9orf72-expanded ALS (C9ALS) patient brain tissue and is neurotoxic across multiple model systems. PolyPR was previously reported to bind and impair proteasomes in vitro. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of the polyPR-proteasome interaction and its functional consequences in vivo are yet to be established. Here, we aim to confirm and functionally characterize polyPR-induced impairment of proteolysis in C9ALS patient tissue and an in vivo model system. Confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence studies on both human and Drosophila melanogaster brain tissues revealed sequestration of proteasomes by polyPR into inclusion-like bodies. Co-immunoprecipitation in D. melanogaster showed that polyPR strongly binds to the proteasome. In vivo, functional evidence for proteasome impairment is further shown by the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins along with lysosomal accumulation and hyper-acidification, which can be rescued by a small-molecule proteasomal enhancer. Together, we provide the first clinical report of polyPR-proteasome interactions and offer in vivo evidence proposing polyPR-induced proteolytic dysfunction as a pathogenic mechanism in C9ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sophia C K Nelson
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley P Viera Ortiz
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Fairman
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
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33
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Li C, Hou Y, He M, Lv L, Zhang Y, Sun S, Zhao Y, Liu X, Ma P, Wang X, Zhou Q, Zhan L. Laponite Lights Calcium Flickers by Reprogramming Lysosomes to Steer DC Migration for An Effective Antiviral CD8 + T-Cell Response. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303006. [PMID: 37638719 PMCID: PMC10602536 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is an established approach for treating cancer and infectious diseases; however, its efficacy is limited. Therefore, targeting the restricted migratory capacity of the DCs may enhance their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the effect of laponite (Lap) on DCs, which can be internalized into lysosomes and induce cytoskeletal reorganization via the lysosomal reprogramming-calcium flicker axis, is evaluated, and it is found that Lap dramatically improves the in vivo homing ability of these DCs to lymphoid tissues. In addition, Lap improves antigen cross-presentation by DCs and increases DC-T-cell synapse formation, resulting in enhanced antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell activation. Furthermore, a Lap-modified cocktail (Lap@cytokine cocktail [C-C]) is constructed based on the gold standard, C-C, as an adjuvant for DC vaccines. Lap@C-C-adjuvanted DCs initiated a robust cytotoxic T-cell immune response against hepatitis B infection, resulting in > 99.6% clearance of viral DNA and successful hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion. These findings highlight the potential value of Lap as a DC vaccine adjuvant that can regulate DC homing, and provide a basis for the development of effective DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Li
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- BGI college, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Hou
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Minwei He
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Liping Lv
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Sujing Sun
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhao Liu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Linsheng Zhan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- BGI college, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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34
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Shi GS, Qin QL, Huang C, Li ZR, Wang ZH, Wang YY, He XY, Zhao XM. The Pathological Mechanism of Neuronal Autophagy-Lysosome Dysfunction After Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3251-3263. [PMID: 37382853 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal initiation of autophagy flux in neurons after ischemic stroke caused dysfunction of autophagy-lysosome, which not only led to autophagy flux blockage, but also resulted in autophagic death of neurons. However, the pathological mechanism of neuronal autophagy-lysosome dysfunction did not form a unified viewpoint until now. In this review, taking the autophagy lysosomal dysfunction of neurons as a starting point, we summarized the molecular mechanisms that led to neuronal autophagy lysosomal dysfunction after ischemic stroke, which would provide theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Sen Shi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi-Lin Qin
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zi-Rong Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zi-Han Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yong-Yan Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiu-Ying He
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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35
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Yang C, Tian F, Hu M, Kang C, Ping M, Liu Y, Hu M, Xu H, Yu Y, Gao Z, Li P. Characterization of the role of TMEM175 in an in vitro lysosomal H + fluxes model. FEBS J 2023; 290:4641-4659. [PMID: 37165739 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome acidification is a dynamic equilibrium of H+ influx and efflux across the membrane, which is crucial for cell physiology. The vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase) is responsible for the H+ influx or refilling of lysosomes. TMEM175 was identified as a novel H+ permeable channel on lysosomal membranes, and it plays a critical role in lysosome acidification. However, how TMEM175 participates in lysosomal acidification remains unknown. Here, we present evidence that TMEM175 regulates lysosomal H+ influx and efflux in enlarged lysosomes isolated from COS1 treated with vacuolin-1. By utilizing the whole-endolysosome patch-clamp recording technique, a series of integrated lysosomal H+ influx and efflux signals in a ten-of-second time scale under the physiological pH gradient (luminal pH 4.60, and cytosolic pH 7.20) was recorded from this in vitro system. Lysosomal H+ fluxes constitute both the lysosomal H+ refilling and releasing, and they are asymmetrical processes with distinct featured kinetics for each of the H+ fluxes. Lysosomal H+ fluxes are entirely abolished when TMEM175 losses of function in the F39V mutant and is blocked by the antagonist (2-GBI). Meanwhile, lysosomal H+ fluxes are modulated by the pH-buffering capacity of the lumen and the lysosomal glycosylated membrane proteins, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). We propose that the TMEM175-mediated lysosomal H+ fluxes model would provide novel thoughts for studying the pathology of Parkinson's disease and lysosome storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyan Yang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuyun Tian
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chunlan Kang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixuan Ping
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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36
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Wang Y, Li W, Wang Q. Lysosome pH-regulated H + /K + switching channel involved in maintaining lysosomal homeostasis. FEBS J 2023; 290:4638-4640. [PMID: 37434434 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal pH setpoint and H+ homeostasis is key to the lysosome's functions. The Parkinson's disease-risk protein TMEM175, originally identified as lysosomal K+ channel, works as a H+ -activated H+ channel and discharges the lysosomal H+ store when it is hyper-acidified. Yang et al. indicate that TMEM175 is permeable for both K+ and H+ in the same pore and charges the lysosome with H+ under certain conditions. The charge and discharge functions are under regulation of the lysosomal matrix and glycocalyx layer. Their presented work indicates that TMEM175 performs as a multi-functional channel regulating lysosomal pH in response to physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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37
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Tajima S, Kim YS, Fukuda M, Jo Y, Wang PY, Paggi JM, Inoue M, Byrne EFX, Kishi KE, Nakamura S, Ramakrishnan C, Takaramoto S, Nagata T, Konno M, Sugiura M, Katayama K, Matsui TE, Yamashita K, Kim S, Ikeda H, Kim J, Kandori H, Dror RO, Inoue K, Deisseroth K, Kato HE. Structural basis for ion selectivity in potassium-selective channelrhodopsins. Cell 2023; 186:4325-4344.e26. [PMID: 37652010 PMCID: PMC7615185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
KCR channelrhodopsins (K+-selective light-gated ion channels) have received attention as potential inhibitory optogenetic tools but more broadly pose a fundamental mystery regarding how their K+ selectivity is achieved. Here, we present 2.5-2.7 Å cryo-electron microscopy structures of HcKCR1 and HcKCR2 and of a structure-guided mutant with enhanced K+ selectivity. Structural, electrophysiological, computational, spectroscopic, and biochemical analyses reveal a distinctive mechanism for K+ selectivity; rather than forming the symmetrical filter of canonical K+ channels achieving both selectivity and dehydration, instead, three extracellular-vestibule residues within each monomer form a flexible asymmetric selectivity gate, while a distinct dehydration pathway extends intracellularly. Structural comparisons reveal a retinal-binding pocket that induces retinal rotation (accounting for HcKCR1/HcKCR2 spectral differences), and design of corresponding KCR variants with increased K+ selectivity (KALI-1/KALI-2) provides key advantages for optogenetic inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Thus, discovery of a mechanism for ion-channel K+ selectivity also provides a framework for next-generation optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Tajima
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masahiro Fukuda
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - YoungJu Jo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Y Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Paggi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masatoshi Inoue
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eamon F X Byrne
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Koichiro E Kishi
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiwa Nakamura
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shunki Takaramoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masae Konno
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Japan
| | - Kota Katayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Japan
| | - Toshiki E Matsui
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamashita
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suhyang Kim
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Ikeda
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaeah Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Japan; OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Japan
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keiichi Inoue
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Hideaki E Kato
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; FOREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
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38
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Wu L, Lin Y, Song J, Li L, Rao X, Wan W, Wei G, Hua F, Ying J. TMEM175: A lysosomal ion channel associated with neurological diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106244. [PMID: 37524211 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic intracellular organelles with autophagic functions that are critical for protein degradation and mitochondrial homeostasis, while abnormalities in lysosomal physiological functions are closely associated with neurological disorders. Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175), an ion channel in the lysosomal membrane that is essential for maintaining lysosomal acidity, has been proven to coordinate with V-ATPase to modulate the luminal pH of the lysosome to assist the digestion of abnormal proteins and organelles. However, there is considerable controversy about the characteristics of TMEM175. In this review, we introduce the research progress on the structural, modulatory, and functional properties of TMEM175, followed by evidence of its relevance for neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential value of TMEM175 as a therapeutic target in the hope of providing new directions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China
| | - Jiali Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China
| | - Longshan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China
| | - Xiuqin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China.
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Privince, China.
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39
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Harraz MM. Selective dopaminergic vulnerability in Parkinson's disease: new insights into the role of DAT. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1219441. [PMID: 37694119 PMCID: PMC10483232 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1219441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and associated dopamine depletion. Several mechanisms, previously considered in isolation, have been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of dopaminergic degeneration: dopamine oxidation-mediated neurotoxicity, high dopamine transporter (DAT) expression density per neuron, and autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) dysfunction. However, the interrelationships among these mechanisms remained unclear. Our recent research bridges this gap, recognizing autophagy as a novel dopamine homeostasis regulator, unifying these concepts. I propose that autophagy modulates dopamine reuptake by selectively degrading DAT. In PD, ALP dysfunction could increase DAT density per neuron, and enhance dopamine reuptake, oxidation, and neurotoxicity, potentially contributing to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. This integrated understanding may provide a more comprehensive view of aspects of PD pathophysiology and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged M. Harraz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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40
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Siddiqui T, Bhatt LK. Emerging autophagic endo-lysosomal targets in the management of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023:S0035-3787(23)00996-7. [PMID: 37586941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Synucleopathies, specifically Parkinson's disease, are still incurable and available therapeutic options are scarce and symptomatic. The autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system is an indigenous mechanism to manage the proteome. Excess/misfolded protein accumulation activates this system, which degrades the undesired proteins via lysosomes. Cells also eliminate these proteins by releasing them into the extracellular space via exosomes. However, the sutophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system becomes unfunctional in Parkinson's disease and there is accumulation and spread of pathogenic alpha-synuclein. Neuronal degeneration results Owing to pathogenic alpha-synuclein. Thus, the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system could be a promising target for neuroprotection. In the present review, we discuss the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system as an emerging target for the management of Parkinson's disease. Modulation of these targets associated with the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system can aid in clearing pathogenic alpha-synuclein and prevent the degeneration of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Doctor Bhanuben-Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - L K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Doctor Bhanuben-Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India.
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41
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Bazzone A, Barthmes M, George C, Brinkwirth N, Zerlotti R, Prinz V, Cole K, Friis S, Dickson A, Rice S, Lim J, Fern Toh M, Mohammadi M, Pau D, Stone DJ, Renger JJ, Fertig N. A Comparative Study on the Lysosomal Cation Channel TMEM175 Using Automated Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp, Lysosomal Patch-Clamp, and Solid Supported Membrane-Based Electrophysiology: Functional Characterization and High-Throughput Screening Assay Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12788. [PMID: 37628970 PMCID: PMC10454728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal cation channel TMEM175 is a Parkinson's disease-related protein and a promising drug target. Unlike whole-cell automated patch-clamp (APC), lysosomal patch-clamp (LPC) facilitates physiological conditions, but is not yet suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications. Here, we apply solid supported membrane-based electrophysiology (SSME), which enables both direct access to lysosomes and high-throughput electrophysiological recordings. In SSME, ion translocation mediated by TMEM175 is stimulated using a concentration gradient at a resting potential of 0 mV. The concentration-dependent K+ response exhibited an I/c curve with two distinct slopes, indicating the existence of two conducting states. We measured H+ fluxes with a permeability ratio of PH/PK = 48,500, which matches literature findings from patch-clamp studies, validating the SSME approach. Additionally, TMEM175 displayed a high pH dependence. Decreasing cytosolic pH inhibited both K+ and H+ conductivity of TMEM175. Conversely, lysosomal pH and pH gradients did not have major effects on TMEM175. Finally, we developed HTS assays for drug screening and evaluated tool compounds (4-AP, Zn as inhibitors; DCPIB, arachidonic acid, SC-79 as enhancers) using SSME and APC. Additionally, we recorded EC50 data for eight blinded TMEM175 enhancers and compared the results across all three assay technologies, including LPC, discussing their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Bazzone
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Barthmes
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Cecilia George
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Nina Brinkwirth
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Rocco Zerlotti
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
- RIGeL-Regensburg International Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Prinz
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Kim Cole
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Søren Friis
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
| | - Alexander Dickson
- SB Drug Discovery, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow G20 0XA, UK; (A.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Simon Rice
- SB Drug Discovery, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow G20 0XA, UK; (A.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Cerevel Therapeutics, 222 Jacobs St, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.L.); (M.F.T.); (D.J.S.); (J.J.R.)
| | - May Fern Toh
- Cerevel Therapeutics, 222 Jacobs St, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.L.); (M.F.T.); (D.J.S.); (J.J.R.)
| | | | - Davide Pau
- SB Drug Discovery, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow G20 0XA, UK; (A.D.); (S.R.)
| | - David J. Stone
- Cerevel Therapeutics, 222 Jacobs St, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.L.); (M.F.T.); (D.J.S.); (J.J.R.)
| | - John J. Renger
- Cerevel Therapeutics, 222 Jacobs St, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; (J.L.); (M.F.T.); (D.J.S.); (J.J.R.)
| | - Niels Fertig
- Nanion Technologies, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339 Munich, Germany (V.P.); (S.F.)
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Chen F, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. Mechanisms of alkaliptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1213995. [PMID: 37601110 PMCID: PMC10436304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1213995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors represent a major threat to global health and the search for effective treatments is imperative. While various treatments exist, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and combination therapies, there remains a need to develop therapies that target regulated cell death pathways to eliminate cancer cells while preserving normal cells. Alkaliptosis, a pH-dependent cell death process triggered by the small molecular compound JTC801, has been identified as a novel approach for malignant tumor treatment, particularly in pancreatic cancer. Two major signaling pathways, the NF-κB-CA9 pathway and the ATP6V0D1-STAT3 pathway, contribute to the induction of alkaliptosis. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of alkaliptosis signals, mechanisms, and modulation, and explores its context-dependent effects on drug resistance, inflammation, and immunity. By providing a deeper understanding of the heterogeneity and plasticity of cell death mechanisms, this information holds promise for informing the design of more effective anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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43
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Zhang J, Zeng W, Han Y, Lee WR, Liou J, Jiang Y. Lysosomal LAMP proteins regulate lysosomal pH by direct inhibition of the TMEM175 channel. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2524-2539.e7. [PMID: 37390818 PMCID: PMC10528928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a highly acidic lysosomal pH is central to cellular physiology. Here, we use functional proteomics, single-particle cryo-EM, electrophysiology, and in vivo imaging to unravel a key biological function of human lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMP-1 and LAMP-2) in regulating lysosomal pH homeostasis. Despite being widely used as a lysosomal marker, the physiological functions of the LAMP proteins have long been overlooked. We show that LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 directly interact with and inhibit the activity of the lysosomal cation channel TMEM175, a key player in lysosomal pH homeostasis implicated in Parkinson's disease. This LAMP inhibition mitigates the proton conduction of TMEM175 and facilitates lysosomal acidification to a lower pH environment crucial for optimal hydrolase activity. Disrupting the LAMP-TMEM175 interaction alkalinizes the lysosomal pH and compromises the lysosomal hydrolytic function. In light of the ever-increasing importance of lysosomes to cellular physiology and diseases, our data have widespread implications for lysosomal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weizhong Zeng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Youxing Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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44
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Chen GL, Li J, Zhang J, Zeng B. To Be or Not to Be an Ion Channel: Cryo-EM Structures Have a Say. Cells 2023; 12:1870. [PMID: 37508534 PMCID: PMC10378246 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are the second largest class of drug targets after G protein-coupled receptors. In addition to well-recognized ones like voltage-gated Na/K/Ca channels in the heart and neurons, novel ion channels are continuously discovered in both excitable and non-excitable cells and demonstrated to play important roles in many physiological processes and diseases such as developmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, in the field of ion channel discovery, there are an unignorable number of published studies that are unsolid and misleading. Despite being the gold standard of a functional assay for ion channels, electrophysiological recordings are often accompanied by electrical noise, leak conductance, and background currents of the membrane system. These unwanted signals, if not treated properly, lead to the mischaracterization of proteins with seemingly unusual ion-conducting properties. In the recent ten years, the technical revolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has greatly advanced our understanding of the structures and gating mechanisms of various ion channels and also raised concerns about the pore-forming ability of some previously identified channel proteins. In this review, we summarize cryo-EM findings on ion channels with molecular identities recognized or disputed in recent ten years and discuss current knowledge of proposed channel proteins awaiting cryo-EM analyses. We also present a classification of ion channels according to their architectures and evolutionary relationships and discuss the possibility and strategy of identifying more ion channels by analyzing structures of transmembrane proteins of unknown function. We propose that cross-validation by electrophysiological and structural analyses should be essentially required for determining molecular identities of novel ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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45
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Daly JL, Danson CM, Lewis PA, Zhao L, Riccardo S, Di Filippo L, Cacchiarelli D, Lee D, Cross SJ, Heesom KJ, Xiong WC, Ballabio A, Edgar JR, Cullen PJ. Multi-omic approach characterises the neuroprotective role of retromer in regulating lysosomal health. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3086. [PMID: 37248224 PMCID: PMC10227043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer controls cellular homeostasis through regulating integral membrane protein sorting and transport and by controlling maturation of the endo-lysosomal network. Retromer dysfunction, which is linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, manifests in complex cellular phenotypes, though the precise nature of this dysfunction, and its relation to neurodegeneration, remain unclear. Here, we perform an integrated multi-omics approach to provide precise insight into the impact of Retromer dysfunction on endo-lysosomal health and homeostasis within a human neuroglioma cell model. We quantify widespread changes to the lysosomal proteome, indicative of broad lysosomal dysfunction and inefficient autophagic lysosome reformation, coupled with a reconfigured cell surface proteome and secretome reflective of increased lysosomal exocytosis. Through this global proteomic approach and parallel transcriptomic analysis, we provide a holistic view of Retromer function in regulating lysosomal homeostasis and emphasise its role in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Daly
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
| | - Chris M Danson
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Philip A Lewis
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Riccardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Next Generation Diagnostic srl, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lucio Di Filippo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Next Generation Diagnostic srl, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- School for Advanced Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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46
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Tang T, Jian B, Liu Z. Transmembrane Protein 175, a Lysosomal Ion Channel Related to Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050802. [PMID: 37238672 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with an acidic lumen and are traditionally characterized as a recycling center in cells. Lysosomal ion channels are integral membrane proteins that form pores in lysosomal membranes and allow the influx and efflux of essential ions. Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) is a unique lysosomal potassium channel that shares little sequence similarity with other potassium channels. It is found in bacteria, archaea, and animals. The prokaryotic TMEM175 consists of one six-transmembrane domain that adopts a tetrameric architecture, while the mammalian TMEM175 is comprised of two six-transmembrane domains that function as a dimer in lysosomal membranes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the lysosomal K+ conductance mediated by TMEM175 is critical for setting membrane potential, maintaining pH stability, and regulating lysosome-autophagosome fusion. AKT and B-cell lymphoma 2 regulate TMEM175's channel activity through direct binding. Two recent studies reported that the human TMEM175 is also a proton-selective channel under normal lysosomal pH (4.5-5.5) as the K+ permeation dramatically decreased at low pH while the H+ current through TMEM175 greatly increased. Genome-wide association studies and functional studies in mouse models have established that TMEM175 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, which sparks more research interests in this lysosomal channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoxian Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Boshuo Jian
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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47
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Muraleedharan A, Vanderperre B. The endo-lysosomal system in Parkinson's disease: expanding the horizon. J Mol Biol 2023:168140. [PMID: 37148997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, and its prevalence is increasing with age. A wealth of genetic evidence indicates that the endo-lysosomal system is a major pathway driving PD pathogenesis with a growing number of genes encoding endo-lysosomal proteins identified as risk factors for PD, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, detailed knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking these genes to the disease are available for only a handful of them (e.g. LRRK2, GBA1, VPS35). Taking on the challenge of studying poorly characterized genes and proteins can be daunting, due to the limited availability of tools and knowledge from previous literature. This review aims at providing a valuable source of molecular and cellular insights into the biology of lesser-studied PD-linked endo-lysosomal genes, to help and encourage researchers in filling the knowledge gap around these less popular genetic players. Specific endo-lysosomal pathways discussed range from endocytosis, sorting, and vesicular trafficking to the regulation of membrane lipids of these membrane-bound organelles and the specific enzymatic activities they contain. We also provide perspectives on future challenges that the community needs to tackle and propose approaches to move forward in our understanding of these poorly studied endo-lysosomal genes. This will help harness their potential in designing innovative and efficient treatments to ultimately re-establish neuronal homeostasis in PD but also other diseases involving endo-lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Muraleedharan
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - Benoît Vanderperre
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
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48
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Li H, Zhang H, He X, Zhao P, Wu T, Xiahou J, Wu Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Jiang X, Lv G, Yao Z, Wu J, Bu W. Blocking Spatiotemporal Crosstalk between Subcellular Organelles for Enhancing Anticancer Therapy with Nanointercepters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211597. [PMID: 36746119 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal characterization of signaling crosstalk between subcellular organelles is crucial for the therapeutic effect of malignant tumors. Blocking interactive crosstalk in this fashion is significant but challenging. Herein, a communication interception strategy is reported, which blocks spatiotemporal crosstalk between subcellular organelles for cancer therapy with underlying molecular mechanisms. Briefly, amorphous-core@crystalline-shell Fe@Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (ACFeNPs) are fabricated to specifically block the crosstalk between lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by hydroxyl radicals generated along with their trajectory through heterogeneous Fenton reaction. ACFeNPs initially enter lysosomes and trigger autophagy, then continuous lysosomal damage blocks the generation of functional autolysosomes, which mediates ER-lysosome crosstalk, thus the autophagy is paralyzed. Thereafter, released ACFeNPs from lysosomes induce ER stress. Without the alleviation by autophagy, the ER-stress-associated apoptotic pathway is fully activated, resulting in a remarkable therapeutic effect. This strategy provides a wide venue for nanomedicine to exert biological advantages and confers new perspective for the design of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Li
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peiran Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinxuan Xiahou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Lv
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
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Wang H, Zhu Y, Liu H, Liang T, Wei Y. Advances in Drug Discovery Targeting Lysosomal Membrane Proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040601. [PMID: 37111358 PMCID: PMC10145713 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells and are responsible for various cellular functions, including endocytic degradation, extracellular secretion, and signal transduction. There are dozens of proteins localized to the lysosomal membrane that control the transport of ions and substances across the membrane and are integral to lysosomal function. Mutations or aberrant expression of these proteins trigger a variety of disorders, making them attractive targets for drug development for lysosomal disorder-related diseases. However, breakthroughs in R&D still await a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and processes of how abnormalities in these membrane proteins induce related diseases. In this article, we summarize the current progress, challenges, and prospects for developing therapeutics targeting lysosomal membrane proteins for the treatment of lysosomal-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yidong Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Huiyan Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Tianxiang Liang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510095, China
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Hu M, Chen J, Liu S, Xu H. The Acid Gate in the Lysosome. Autophagy 2023; 19:1368-1370. [PMID: 36120744 PMCID: PMC10012942 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2125629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic environment within lysosomes is maintained within a narrow pH range (pH 4.5-5.0) optimal for digesting autophagic cargo macromolecules so that the resulting building block metabolites can be reused. This pH homeostasis is a consequence of proton influx produced by a V-type H+-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) and rapid proton efflux through an unidentified "leak" pathway. By performing a candidate expression screening, we discovered that the TMEM175 gene encodes a proton-activated, proton-selective channel (LyPAP) that is required for lysosomal H+ "leak" currents. The activity of LyPAP is most active when lysosomes are hyper-acidified, and cells lacking TMEM175 exhibit lysosomal hyper-acidification and impaired proteolytic degradation, both of which can be restored by optimizing lysosomal pH using pharmacological agents. Variants of TMEM175 that are associated with susceptibility to Parkinson disease (PD) cause a reduction in TMEM175-dependent LyPAP currents and lysosomal hyper-acidification. Hence, our studies not only reveal an essential H+-dissipating pathway in lysosomes, but also provide a molecular target to regulate pH-dependent lysosomal functions and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4114 Biological Sciences Building (BSB), 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhi Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4114 Biological Sciences Building (BSB), 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, China
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