1
|
Wang Q, Cang X, Yan H, Zhang Z, Li W, He J, Zhang M, Lou L, Wang R, Chang M. Activating plant immunity: the hidden dance of intracellular Ca 2+ stores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2430-2439. [PMID: 38586981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) serves as a versatile and conserved second messenger in orchestrating immune responses. In plants, plasma membrane-localized Ca2+-permeable channels can be activated to induce Ca2+ influx from extracellular space to cytosol upon pathogen infection. Notably, different immune elicitors can induce dynamic Ca2+ signatures in the cytosol. During pattern-triggered immunity, there is a rapid and transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+, whereas in effector-triggered immunity, the elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is strong and sustained. Numerous Ca2+ sensors are localized in the cytosol or different intracellular organelles, which are responsible for detecting and converting Ca2+ signals. In fact, Ca2+ signaling coordinated by cytosol and subcellular compartments plays a crucial role in activating plant immune responses. However, the complete Ca2+ signaling network in plant cells is still largely ambiguous. This review offers a comprehensive insight into the collaborative role of intracellular Ca2+ stores in shaping the Ca2+ signaling network during plant immunity, and several intriguing questions for future research are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haiqiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zilu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinyu He
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Laiqing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun P, Han X, Milne RJ, Li G. Trans-crop applications of atypical R genes for multipathogen resistance. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00122-5. [PMID: 38811244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Genetic resistance to plant diseases is essential for global food security. Significant progress has been achieved for plant disease-resistance (R) genes comprising nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs), and membrane-localized receptor-like kinases or proteins (RLKs/RLPs), which we refer to as typical R genes. However, there is a knowledge gap in how non-receptor-type or atypical R genes contribute to plant immunity. Here, we summarize resources and technologies facilitating the study of atypical R genes, examine diverse atypical R proteins for broad-spectrum resistance, and outline potential approaches for trans-crop applications of atypical R genes. Studies of atypical R genes are important for a holistic understanding of plant immunity and the development of novel strategies in disease control and crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ricky J Milne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Guotian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou X, Zhong T, Wu M, Li Q, Yu W, Gan L, Xiang X, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Chen P, Zhang C. Multiomics analysis of a resistant European turnip ECD04 during clubroot infection reveals key hub genes underlying resistance mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396602. [PMID: 38845850 PMCID: PMC11153729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The clubroot disease has become a worldwide threat for crucifer crop production, due to its soil-borne nature and difficulty to eradicate completely from contaminated field. In this study we used an elite resistant European fodder turnip ECD04 and investigated its resistance mechanism using transcriptome, sRNA-seq, degradome and gene editing. A total of 1751 DEGs were identified from three time points after infection, among which 7 hub genes including XTH23 for cell wall assembly and two CPK28 genes in PTI pathways. On microRNA, we identified 17 DEMs and predicted 15 miRNA-target pairs (DEM-DEG). We validated two pairs (miR395-APS4 and miR160-ARF) by degradome sequencing. We investigated the miR395-APS4 pair by CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing, the result showed that knocking-out APS4 could lead to elevated clubroot resistance in B. napus. In summary, the data acquired on transcriptional response and microRNA as well as target genes provide future direction especially gene candidates for genetic improvement of clubroot resistance on Brassica species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixiu Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenlin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longcai Gan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianyu Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhou
- Rice and Oil Research Institute, Yichang Academy of Agricultural Science, Yichang, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen R, Song T, Gossen BD, Peng G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of canola carrying a single vs stacked resistance genes against clubroot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358605. [PMID: 38835867 PMCID: PMC11148231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Pyramiding resistance genes may expand the efficacy and scope of a canola variety against clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), a serious threat to canola production in western Canada. However, the mechanism(s) of multigenic resistance, especially the potential interaction among clubroot resistance (CR) genes, are not well understood. In this study, transcriptome was compared over three canola (Brassica napus L.) inbred/hybrid lines carrying a single CR gene in chromosome A03 (CRaM, Line 16) or A08 (Crr1rutb, Line 20), and both genes (CRaM+Crr1rutb, Line 15) inoculated with a field population (L-G2) of P. brassicae pathotype X, a new variant found in western Canada recently. The line16 was susceptible, while lines 15 and 20 were partially resistant. Functional annotation identified differential expression of genes (DEGs) involved in biosynthetic processes responsive to stress and regulation of cellular process; The Venn diagram showed that the partially resistant lines 15 and 20 shared 1,896 differentially expressed genes relative to the susceptible line 16, and many of these DEGs are involved in defense responses, activation of innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis and programmed cell death. The transcription of genes involved in Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered and Effector-Triggered Immunity (PTI and ETI) was particularly up-regulated, and the transcription level was higher in line 15 (CRaM + Crr1rutb) than in line 20 (Crr1rutb only) for most of the DEGs. These results indicated that the partial resistance to the pathotype X was likely conferred by the CR gene Crr1rutb for both lines 15 and 20 that functioned via the activation of both PTI and ETI signaling pathways. Additionally, these two CR genes might have synergistic effects against the pathotype X, based on the higher transcription levels of defense-related DEGs expressed by inoculated line 15, highlighting the benefit of gene stacking for improved canola resistance as opposed to a single CR gene alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wen
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Tao Song
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Bruce D Gossen
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Gary Peng
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei X, Xiao S, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Nath UK, Yang S, Su H, Zhang W, Wang Z, Tian B, Wei F, Yuan Y, Zhang X. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of CRA8.1.6, which confers clubroot resistance in turnip ( Brassica rapa ssp. rapa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355090. [PMID: 38828217 PMCID: PMC11140098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Clubroot disease poses a significant threat to Brassica crops, necessitating ongoing updates on resistance gene sources. In F2 segregants of the clubroot-resistant inbred line BrT18-6-4-3 and susceptible DH line Y510, the genetic analysis identified a single dominant gene responsible for clubroot resistance. Through bulk segregant sequencing analysis and kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assays, CRA8.1.6 was mapped within 110 kb (12,255-12,365 Mb) between markers L-CR11 and L-CR12 on chromosome A08. We identified B raA08g015220.3.5C as the candidate gene of CRA8.1.6. Upon comparison with the sequence of disease-resistant material BrT18-6-4-3, we found 249 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, seven insertions, six deletions, and a long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon (5,310 bp) at 909 bp of the first intron. However, the LTR retrotransposon was absent in the coding sequence of the susceptible DH line Y510. Given the presence of a non-functional LTR insertion in other materials, it showed that the LTR insertion might not be associated with susceptibility. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that the fourth exon of the susceptible line harbored two deletions and an insertion, resulting in a frameshift mutation at 8,551 bp, leading to translation termination at the leucine-rich repeat domain's C-terminal in susceptible material. Sequence alignment of the CDS revealed a 99.4% similarity to Crr1a, which indicate that CRA8.1.6 is likely an allele of the Crr1a gene. Two functional markers, CRA08-InDel and CRA08-KASP1, have been developed for marker-assisted selection in CR turnip cultivars. Our findings could facilitate the development of clubroot-resistance turnip cultivars through marker-assisted selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shixiong Xiao
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shuangjuan Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Henan Su
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He L, Liu P, Mei L, Luo H, Ban T, Chen X, Ma B. Disease resistance features of the executor R gene Xa7 reveal novel insights into the interaction between rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365989. [PMID: 38633460 PMCID: PMC11021754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a widespread and destructive disease in rice production. Previously, we cloned an executor R gene, Xa7, which confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to BB. Here, we further confirmed that the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) AvrXa7 in Xoo strains could directly bind to the effector-binding element (EBE) in the promoter of the Xa7 gene. Other executor R genes (Xa7, Xa10, Xa23, and Xa27) driven by the promoter of the Xa7 gene could be activated by AvrXa7 and trigger the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves. When the expression of the Xa23 gene was driven by the Xa7 promoter, the transgenic rice plants displayed a similar resistance spectrum as the Xa7 gene, demonstrating that the disease resistance characteristics of executor R genes are mainly determined by their induction patterns. Xa7 gene is induced locally by Xoo in the infected leaves, and its induction not only inhibited the growth of incompatible strains but also enhanced the resistance of rice plants to compatible strains, which overcame the shortcomings of its race-specific resistance. Transcriptome analysis of the Xa7 gene constitutive expression in rice plants displayed that Xa7-mediated disease resistance was related to the biosynthesis of lignin and thus enhanced resistance to Xoo. Overall, our results provided novel insights and important resources for further clarifying the molecular mechanisms of the executor R genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xifeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Bojun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Qi F, Sun Z, Liu H, Wu Y, Wu X, Xu J, Liu H, Qin L, Wang Z, Sang S, Dong W, Huang B, Zheng Z, Zhang X. Transcriptome sequencing and expression analysis in peanut reveal the potential mechanism response to Ralstonia solanacearum infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:207. [PMID: 38515036 PMCID: PMC10956345 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum severely affects peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yields. The breeding of resistant cultivars is an efficient means of controlling plant diseases. Therefore, identification of resistance genes effective against bacterial wilt is a matter of urgency. The lack of a reference genome for a resistant genotype severely hinders the process of identification of resistance genes in peanut. In addition, limited information is available on disease resistance-related pathways in peanut. RESULTS Full-length transcriptome data were used to generate wilt-resistant and -susceptible transcript pools. In total, 253,869 transcripts were retained to form a reference transcriptome for RNA-sequencing data analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed the plant-pathogen interaction pathway to be the main resistance-related pathway for peanut to prevent bacterial invasion and calcium plays an important role in this pathway. Glutathione metabolism was enriched in wilt-susceptible genotypes, which would promote glutathione synthesis in the early stages of pathogen invasion. Based on our previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping results, the genes arahy.V6I7WA and arahy.MXY2PU, which encode nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat receptor proteins, were indicated to be associated with resistance to bacterial wilt. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several pathways associated with resistance to bacterial wilt and identified candidate genes for bacterial wilt resistance in a major QTL region. These findings lay a foundation for investigation of the mechanism of resistance to bacterial wilt in peanut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Feiyan Qi
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yue Wu
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hua Liu
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Li Qin
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Suling Sang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan Z, Han X, Dai C, Lu S, He H, Yao X, Chen P, Yang C, Zhao L, Yang QY, Zou J, Wen J, Hong D, Liu C, Ge X, Fan C, Yi B, Zhang C, Ma C, Liu K, Shen J, Tu J, Yang G, Fu T, Guo L, Zhao H. Functional genomics of Brassica napus: Progresses, challenges, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:484-509. [PMID: 38456625 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Brassica napus, commonly known as rapeseed or canola, is a major oil crop contributing over 13% to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide. Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B. napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding. A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B. napus. In this review, we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B. napus, including the availability of germplasm resources, omics databases and cloned functional genes. Based on the current progress, we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field. The advances in the functional genomics of B. napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B. napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality, high resistance and high yield in B. napus varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hanzi He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Chao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Cheng HY, Zhou JM. New insight into Ca 2+ -permeable channel in plant immunity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:623-631. [PMID: 38289015 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+ ) are crucial intracellular second messengers in eukaryotic cells. Upon pathogen perception, plants generate a transient and rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, which is subsequently decoded by Ca2+ sensors and effectors to activate downstream immune responses. The elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is commonly attributed to Ca2+ influx mediated by plasma membrane-localized Ca2+ -permeable channels. However, the contribution of Ca2+ release triggered by intracellular Ca2+ -permeable channels in shaping Ca2+ signaling associated with plant immunity remains poorly understood. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the shaping of Ca2+ signatures upon the activation of immune receptors, with particular emphasis on the identification of intracellular immune receptors as non-canonical Ca2+ -permeable channels. We also discuss the involvement of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in generating Ca2+ signaling during plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hang-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu Y, Sexton WK, Zhang Q, Bloodgood D, Wu Y, Hooks C, Coker F, Vasquez A, Wei CI, Xiao S. Leaf abaxial immunity to powdery mildew in Arabidopsis is conferred by multiple defense mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1465-1478. [PMID: 37952108 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that only invade plant epidermal cells. There are two epidermal surfaces in every plant leaf: the adaxial (upper) side and the abaxial (lower) side. While both leaf surfaces can be susceptible to adapted powdery mildew fungi in many plant species, there have been observations of leaf abaxial immunity in some plant species including Arabidopsis. The genetic basis of such leaf abaxial immunity remains unknown. In this study, we tested a series of Arabidopsis mutants defective in one or more known defense pathways with the adapted powdery mildew isolate Golovinomyces cichoracearum UCSC1. We found that leaf abaxial immunity was significantly compromised in mutants impaired for both the EDS1/PAD4- and PEN2/PEN3-dependent defenses. Consistently, expression of EDS1-yellow fluorescent protein and PEN2-green fluorescent protein fusions from their respective native promoters in the respective eds1-2 and pen2-1 mutant backgrounds was higher in the abaxial epidermal cells than in the adaxial epidermal cells. Altogether, our results indicate that leaf abaxial immunity against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis is at least partially due to enhanced EDS1/PAD4- and PEN2/PEN3-dependent defenses. Such transcriptionally pre-programmed defense mechanisms may underlie leaf abaxial immunity in other plant species such as hemp and may be exploited for engineering adaxial immunity against powdery mildew fungi in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - W Kyle Sexton
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David Bloodgood
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Caroline Hooks
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Frank Coker
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Andrea Vasquez
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Cheng-I Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li L, Liu J, Zhou JM. From molecule to cell: the expanding frontiers of plant immunity. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00034-1. [PMID: 38417548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of plant immunity has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs. During the co-evolution between plants and pathogens, plants have developed a wealth of intricate defense mechanisms to safeguard their survival. Newly identified immune receptors have added unexpected complexity to the surface and intracellular sensor networks, enriching our understanding of the ongoing plant-pathogen interplay. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of resistosome shapes our understanding of these mysterious molecules in plant immunity. Moreover, technological innovations are expanding the horizon of the plant-pathogen battlefield into spatial and temporal scales. While the development provides new opportunities for untangling the complex realm of plant immunity, challenges remain in uncovering plant immunity across spatiotemporal dimensions from both molecular and cellular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Piao Y, Li S, Chen Y, Zhao S, Piao Z, Wang H. A Ca 2+ sensor BraCBL1.2 involves in BraCRa-mediated clubroot resistance in Chinese cabbage. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad261. [PMID: 38298901 PMCID: PMC10828780 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae (P. brassicae) severely threatens the cultivation of Cruciferous plants, especially Chinese cabbage. Recently, resistance genes in plants have been reported to encode for a Ca2+-permeable channel in the plasma membrane, which can mediate the cytosolic Ca2+ increase in plant cells upon pathogen attack. However, the downstream Ca2+ sensor and decoder are still unknown. In this study, we identified the virulent and avirulent P. brassicae isolates (Pbs) of two near isogenic lines, CR 3-2 and CS 3-2, with CR 3-2 harboring clubroot resistant gene BraCRa. The transcriptomic analysis was then conducted with CR 3-2 after inoculating with virulent isolate PbE and avirulent isolate Pb4. From the differentially expressed genes of transcriptomic data, we identified a Ca2+-sensor encoding gene, BraCBL1.2, that was highly induced in CR 3-2 during infection by Pb4 but not by PbE. Moreover, GUS histochemical staining and subcellular localization analysis revealed that BraCBL1.2 was specifically expressed in the root hair cells of Arabidopsis and encoded a putative Ca2+ sensor localized in the plasma membrane. We also developed an assay to investigate the BraCRa-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves. The results suggest that BraCBL1.2 is involved in the BraCRa-mediated plant ETI immune response against P. brassicae. In addition, we verified that overexpression of BraCBL1.2 enhanced clubroot resistance in Arabidopsis. Collectively, our data identified the involvement of a Ca2+ sensor in BraCRa-mediated clubroot resistance in Chinese cabbage, providing a theoretical basis for further research on the resistance of Chinese cabbage to P. brassicae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiduo Chen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Sisi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongyun Piao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Locci F, Parker JE. Plant NLR immunity activation and execution: a biochemical perspective. Open Biol 2024; 14:230387. [PMID: 38262605 PMCID: PMC10805603 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular receptors to detect pathogen attack and trigger innate immune responses. Inside host cells, families of nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as pathogen sensors or downstream mediators of immune defence outputs and cell death, which prevent disease. Established genetic underpinnings of NLR-mediated immunity revealed various strategies plants adopt to combat rapidly evolving microbial pathogens. The molecular mechanisms of NLR activation and signal transmission to components controlling immunity execution were less clear. Here, we review recent protein structural and biochemical insights to plant NLR sensor and signalling functions. When put together, the data show how different NLR families, whether sensors or signal transducers, converge on nucleotide-based second messengers and cellular calcium to confer immunity. Although pathogen-activated NLRs in plants engage plant-specific machineries to promote defence, comparisons with mammalian NLR immune receptor counterparts highlight some shared working principles for NLR immunity across kingdoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Locci
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jane E. Parker
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne-Düsseldorf Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang S, Shen L, Roelfsema MRG, Becker D, Hedrich R. Light-gated channelrhodopsin sparks proton-induced calcium release in guard cells. Science 2023; 382:1314-1318. [PMID: 38096275 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj9696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been long-standing recognition that stimuli-induced cytosolic pH alterations coincide with changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) levels, the interdependence between protons (H+) and Ca2+ remains poorly understood. We addressed this topic using the light-gated channelrhodopsin HcKCR2 from the pseudofungus Hyphochytrium catenoides, which operates as a H+ conductive, Ca2+ impermeable ion channel on the plasma membrane of plant cells. Light activation of HcKCR2 in Arabidopsis guard cells evokes a transient cytoplasmic acidification that sparks Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. A H+-induced cytosolic Ca2+ signal results in membrane depolarization through the activation of Ca2+-dependent SLAC1/SLAH3 anion channels, which enabled us to remotely control stomatal movement. Our study suggests a H+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism in plant cells and establishes HcKCR2 as a tool to dissect the molecular basis of plant intracellular pH and Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Like Shen
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Becker
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Li L, Kim JH, Neuhäuser B, Wang M, Thelen M, Hilleary R, Chi Y, Wei L, Venkataramani K, Exposito-Alonso M, Liu C, Keck J, Barragan AC, Schwab R, Lutz U, Pei ZM, He SY, Ludewig U, Weigel D, Zhu W. Small proteins modulate ion-channel-like ACD6 to regulate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4386-4397.e9. [PMID: 37995686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The multi-pass transmembrane protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) is an immune regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana with an unclear biochemical mode of action. We have identified two loci, MODULATOR OF HYPERACTIVE ACD6 1 (MHA1) and its paralog MHA1-LIKE (MHA1L), that code for ∼7 kDa proteins, which differentially interact with specific ACD6 variants. MHA1L enhances the accumulation of an ACD6 complex, thereby increasing the activity of the ACD6 standard allele for regulating plant growth and defenses. The intracellular ankyrin repeats of ACD6 are structurally similar to those found in mammalian ion channels. Several lines of evidence link increased ACD6 activity to enhanced calcium influx, with MHA1L as a direct regulator of ACD6, indicating that peptide-regulated ion channels are not restricted to animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Chen
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jong Hum Kim
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingyu Wang
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Michael Thelen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Yuan Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Luyang Wei
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kavita Venkataramani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chang Liu
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Keck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Cristina Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schwab
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lutz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhen-Ming Pei
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sheng-Yang He
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Wangsheng Zhu
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zeng H, Zhu Q, Yuan P, Yan Y, Yi K, Du L. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein-mediated plant responses to biotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3680-3703. [PMID: 37575022 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a set of finely regulated mechanisms to respond to various biotic stresses. Transient changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration have been well documented to act as cellular signals in coupling environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with astonishing accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are extensively characterized as important classes of Ca2+ sensors. The spatial-temporal coordination between Ca2+ transients, CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins is critical for plant responses to environmental stresses. Ca2+ -loaded CaMs/CMLs interact with and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins, such as ion transporters (including channels, pumps, and antiporters), transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes and proteins with unknown biological functions. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying how CaMs/CMLs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to diverse biotic stresses including pathogen infections and herbivore attacks. Recent discoveries of crucial functions of CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins in biotic stress resistance revealed through physiological, molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses have been described, and intriguing insights into the CaM/CML-mediated regulatory network are proposed. Perspectives for future directions in understanding CaM/CML-mediated signalling pathways in plant responses to biotic stresses are discussed. The application of accumulated knowledge of CaM/CML-mediated signalling in biotic stress responses into crop cultivation would improve crop resistance to various biotic stresses and safeguard our food production in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ochoa JC, Mukhopadhyay S, Bieluszewski T, Jędryczka M, Malinowski R, Truman W. Natural variation in Arabidopsis responses to Plasmodiophora brassicae reveals an essential role for Resistance to Plasmodiophora brasssicae 1 (RPB1). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1421-1440. [PMID: 37646674 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the identification of clubroot resistance genes in various Brassica crops our understanding of the genetic basis of immunity to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana remains limited. To address this issue, we performed a screen of 142 natural accessions and identified 11 clubroot-resistant Arabidopsis lines. Genome-wide association analysis identified several genetic loci significantly linked with resistance. Three genes from two of these loci were targeted for deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 mutation in resistant accessions Est-1 and Uod-1. Deletion of Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae 1 (RPB1) rendered both lines susceptible to the P. brassicae pathotype P1+. Further analysis of rpb1 knock-out Est-1 and Uod-1 lines showed that the RPB1 protein is required for activation of downstream defence responses, such as the expression of phytoalexin biosynthesis gene CYP71A13. RPB1 has recently been shown to encode a cation channel localised in the endoplasmic reticulum. The clubroot susceptible Arabidopsis accession Col-0 lacks a functional RPB1 gene; when Col-0 is transformed with RPB1 expression driven by its native promoter it is capable of activating RPB1 transcription in response to infection, but this is not sufficient to confer resistance. Transient expression of RPB1 in Nicotiana tabacum induced programmed cell death in leaves. We conclude that RPB1 is a critical component of the defence response to P. brassicae infection in Arabidopsis, acting downstream of pathogen recognition but required for the elaboration of effective resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Ochoa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Soham Mukhopadhyay
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bieluszewski
- Laboratory of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jędryczka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Malinowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - William Truman
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahmood MA, Naqvi RZ, Mansoor S. WeiTsing: A guard of the stele. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1237-1239. [PMID: 37480228 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang FZ, Li JF. WeiTsing: a new face of Ca 2+-permeable channels in plant immunity. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:25. [PMID: 37676355 PMCID: PMC10441888 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ pattern- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI and ETI) to synergistically defend invading pathogens and insect herbivores. Both PTI and ETI can induce cytosolic Ca2+ spikes, despite in different spatiotemporal patterns, to activate downstream Ca2+-dependent immune signaling cascades. While multiple families of Ca2+-permeable channels at the plasma membrane have been uncovered, the counterparts responsible for Ca2+ release from intracellular stores remain poorly understood. In a groundbreaking paper published recently by Cell, the authors reported that WeiTsing, an Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that was specifically expressed in the pericycle upon Plasmodiophora brassicae (Pb) infection, could form resistosome-like Ca2+-conducting channel and protect the stele of Brassica crops from Pb colonization. As the channel activity of WeiTsing was indispensable for its immune function, the findings highlight a previously underappreciated role of Ca2+ release from intracellular repertoire in promoting plant disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|