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van der Elst G, Varol H, Hermans M, Baan CC, Duong-van Huyen JP, Hesselink DA, Kramann R, Rabant M, Reinders MEJ, von der Thüsen JH, van den Bosch TPP, Clahsen-van Groningen MC. The mast cell: A Janus in kidney transplants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122409. [PMID: 36891297 PMCID: PMC9986315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells with a versatile set of functionalities, enabling them to orchestrate immune responses in various ways. Aside from their known role in allergy, they also partake in both allograft tolerance and rejection through interaction with regulatory T cells, effector T cells, B cells and degranulation of cytokines and other mediators. MC mediators have both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions, but overall lean towards pro-fibrotic pathways. Paradoxically, they are also seen as having potential protective effects in tissue remodeling post-injury. This manuscript elaborates on current knowledge of the functional diversity of mast cells in kidney transplants, combining theory and practice into a MC model stipulating both protective and harmful capabilities in the kidney transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- G van der Elst
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Varol
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Hermans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - C C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - D A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Kramann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Rabant
- Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - M E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J H von der Thüsen
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T P P van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M C Clahsen-van Groningen
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Liao H, Peng X, Ge Y, Liang Y, Yin Y, Li J, Lin L, Wang J, Li Y, Li L. Novel reactivation and degranulation of mast cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110157. [PMID: 32388238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) degranulation is a key process during the allergic inflammatory response. MCs release their preformed and new synthesized granules after activation. We found that granules were released partially and selectively after the activation of bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells (BMMCs). Next, we investigated the response of degranulated MCs to a new challenge. BMMCs were activated by antibody/antigen (IgE/Ag) or compound 48/80 (C48/80). The degranulated BMMCs were then reactivated by either IgE/Ag or C48/80 without time intervals. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD117, FcεRI, and intracellular granules of BMMCs, and BMMCs degranulation was detected using the β-hexosaminidase release assay. The morphology of BMMCs was observed by staining with toluidine blue. Degranulated BMMCs activated by IgE/Ag failed to respond to the same IgE/Ag challenge and released β-hexosaminidase independent of unoccupied FcεRI, but responded to C48/80. Degranulated BMMCs activated by C48/80 responded to either IgE/Ag or C48/80. These results indicated that degranulated BMMCs could be reactivated and released granule mediators again, this revealed the unique mediator releasing mechanism of degranulated MCs and their potential function in maintaining inflammation or causing hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjin Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yiqin Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lihui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Yao JH, Cui M, Li MT, Liu YN, He QH, Xiao JJ, Bai Y. Angiopoietin1 inhibits mast cell activation and protects against anaphylaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89148. [PMID: 24586553 PMCID: PMC3929638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since morbidity and mortality rates of anaphylaxis diseases have been increasing year by year, how to prevent and manage these diseases effectively has become an important issue. Mast cells play a central regulatory role in allergic diseases. Angiopoietin1 (Ang-1) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting vascular permeability, leukocyte migration and cytokine production. However, Ang-1's function in mast cell activation and anaphylaxis diseases is unknown. The results of our study suggest that Ang-1 decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production of mast cells by suppressing IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Ang-1 also strongly inhibited compound 48/80 induced and FcεRI-mediated mast cells degranulation by decreasing intracellular calcium levels in vitro. In vivo lentivirus-mediated delivery of Ang-1 in mice exhibited alleviated leakage in IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). Furthermore, exogenous Ang-1 intervention treatment prevented mice from compound 48/80-induced mesentery mast cell degranulation, attenuated increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, relieved lung injury, and improved survival in anaphylaxis shock. The results of our study reveal, for the first time, the important role of Ang-1 in the activation of mast cells, and identify a therapeutic effect of Ang-1 on anaphylaxis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hua Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Tao Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Nan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Hua He
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jun Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Farro G, Di Giovangiulio M, Stakenborg N, Némethova A, de Vries A, Liston A, Feyerabend TB, Rodewald HR, Boeckxstaens GE, Matteoli G. Mast cells play no role in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus induced by intestinal manipulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85304. [PMID: 24416383 PMCID: PMC3887017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal manipulation (IM) during abdominal surgery results in intestinal inflammation leading to hypomotility or ileus. Mast cell activation is thought to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of postoperative ileus (POI). However, this conclusion was mainly drawn using mast cell-deficient mouse models with abnormal Kit signaling. These mice also lack interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) resulting in aberrant gastrointestinal motility even prior to surgery, compromising their use as model to study POI. To avoid these experimental weaknesses we took advantage of a newly developed knock-in mouse model, Cpa3Cre/+, devoid of mast cells but with intact Kit signaling. Design The role of mast cells in the development of POI and intestinal inflammation was evaluated assessing gastrointestinal transit and muscularis externa inflammation after IM in two strains of mice lacking mast cells, i.e. KitW-sh/W-sh and Cpa3Cre/+ mice, and by use of the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn. Results KitW-sh/W-sh mice lack ICC networks and already revealed significantly delayed gastrointestinal transit even before surgery. IM did not further delay intestinal transit, but induced infiltration of myeloperoxidase positive cells, expression of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils into the muscularis externa. On the contrary, Cpa3Cre/+ mice have a normal network of ICC and normal gastrointestinal. Surprisingly, IM in Cpa3Cre/+ mice caused delay in gut motility and intestinal inflammation as in wild type littermates mice (Cpa3+/+). Furthermore, treatment with the mast cell inhibitor cromolyn resulted in an inhibition of mast cells without preventing POI. Conclusions Here, we confirm that IM induced mast cell degranulation. However, our data demonstrate that mast cells are not required for the pathogenesis of POI in mice. Although there might be species differences between mouse and human, our results argue against mast cell inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to shorten POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Farro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Di Giovangiulio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Stakenborg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Némethova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick de Vries
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thorsten B. Feyerabend
- Division for Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Reimwer Rodewald
- Division for Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guy E. Boeckxstaens
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Structural analyses of the Slm1-PH domain demonstrate ligand binding in the non-canonical site. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36526. [PMID: 22574179 PMCID: PMC3344901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are common membrane-targeting modules and their best characterized ligands are a set of important signaling lipids that include phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs). PH domains recognize PtdInsPs through two distinct mechanisms that use different binding pockets on opposite sides of the β-strands 1 and 2: i) a canonical binding site delimited by the β1-β2 and β3-β4loops and ii) a non-canonical binding site bordered by the β1-β2 and β5-β6loops. The PH domain-containing protein Slm1 from budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for actin cytoskeleton polarization and cell growth. We recently reported that this PH domain binds PtdInsPs and phosphorylated sphingolipids in a cooperative manner. Principal Findings To study the structural basis for the Slm1-PH domain (Slm1-PH) specificity, we co-crystallized this domain with different soluble compounds that have structures analogous to anionic lipid head groups of reported Slm1 ligands: inositol 4-phosphate, which mimics phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), and phosphoserine as a surrogate for dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate (DHS1-P). We found electron densities for the ligands within the so-called non-canonical binding site. An additional positively charged surface that contacts a phosphate group was identified next to the canonical binding site. Conclusions Our results suggest that Slm1-PH utilizes a non-canonical binding site to bind PtdInsPs, similar to that described for the PH domains of β-spectrin, Tiam1 and ArhGAP9. Additionally, Slm1-PH may have retained an active canonical site. We propose that the presence of both a canonical and a non-canonical binding pocket in Slm1-PH may account for the cooperative binding to PtdInsPs and DHS-1P.
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Abstract
Mast cells are multifunctional cells that initiate not only IgE-dependent allergic diseases but also play a fundamental role in innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial infection. They are also thought to play a role in angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and tumor repression or growth. The broad scope of these physiologic and pathologic roles illustrates the flexible nature of mast cells, which is enabled in part by their phenotypic adaptability to different tissue microenvironments and their ability to generate and release a diverse array of bioactive mediators in response to multiple types of cell-surface and cytosolic receptors. There is increasing evidence from studies in cell cultures that release of these mediators can be selectively modulated depending on the types or groups of receptors activated. The intent of this review is to foster interest in the interplay among mast cell receptors to help understand the underlying mechanisms for each of the immunological and non-immunological functions attributed to mast cells. The second intent of this review is to assess the pathophysiologic roles of mast cells and their products in health and disease. Although mast cells have a sufficient repertoire of bioactive mediators to mount effective innate and adaptive defense mechanisms against invading microorganisms, these same mediators can adversely affect surrounding tissues in the host, resulting in autoimmune disease as well as allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair M Gilfillan
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA.
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Smith MEB, Gunn RM, Rosivatz E, Mak LH, Woscholski R, Hailes HC. Development of chemical probes: toward the mode of action of a methylene-linked di(aryl acetate) E1. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4917-27. [PMID: 20591679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the novel inhibitor of the PI3-K/PKB pathway, 2-[5-(2-chloroethyl)-2-acetoxy-benzyl]-4-(2-chloroethyl)-phenyl acetate (E1), have been prepared and preliminary SAR performed. This established that at least one of the chloroethyl para-substituents could be removed or modified and the ability to inhibit PKB/Akt activation retained. Synthetic methodologies were then developed to methylene-linked aryl acetates for use as molecular probes to identify the target of compound E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAJ, UK
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Svendsen Ø, Barczyk M, Popova S, Lidén A, Gullberg D, Wiig H. The α11β1 Integrin Has a Mechanistic Role in Control of Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Edema Formation in Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1864-70. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.194308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ø.S. Svendsen
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Ø.S.S.), Haukeland University Hospital, and the Department of Biomedicine (Ø.S.S., M.M.B., S.N.P., Å.L., D.G., H.W.), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - M.M. Barczyk
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Ø.S.S.), Haukeland University Hospital, and the Department of Biomedicine (Ø.S.S., M.M.B., S.N.P., Å.L., D.G., H.W.), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - S.N. Popova
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Ø.S.S.), Haukeland University Hospital, and the Department of Biomedicine (Ø.S.S., M.M.B., S.N.P., Å.L., D.G., H.W.), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Å Lidén
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Ø.S.S.), Haukeland University Hospital, and the Department of Biomedicine (Ø.S.S., M.M.B., S.N.P., Å.L., D.G., H.W.), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - D. Gullberg
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Ø.S.S.), Haukeland University Hospital, and the Department of Biomedicine (Ø.S.S., M.M.B., S.N.P., Å.L., D.G., H.W.), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - H. Wiig
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Ø.S.S.), Haukeland University Hospital, and the Department of Biomedicine (Ø.S.S., M.M.B., S.N.P., Å.L., D.G., H.W.), University of Bergen, Norway
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Ho KK, Rosivatz E, Gunn RM, Smith MEB, Stavropoulou AV, Rosivatz E, Numbere MG, Wong JB, Lafitte VGH, Behrendt JM, Myatt SS, Hailes HC, Woscholski R, Lam EWF. The novel molecule 2-[5-(2-chloroethyl)-2-acetoxy-benzyl]-4-(2-chloroethyl)-phenyl acetate inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signalling through JNK activation in cancer cells. FEBS J 2009; 276:4037-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu D, Peng F, Zhang B, Ingram AJ, Kelly DJ, Gilbert RE, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. PKC-beta1 mediates glucose-induced Akt activation and TGF-beta1 upregulation in mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:554-66. [PMID: 19211711 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of glomerular matrix is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. The serine/threonine kinase Akt mediates glucose-induced upregulation of collagen I in mesangial cells through transactivation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). In addition, in renal tubular cells, glucose-induced secretion of TGF-beta requires phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase, suggesting a possible role for Akt in the modulation of TGF-beta expression, but the mechanisms of Akt activation and its involvement in TGF-beta regulation are unknown. Here, in primary mesangial cells, high glucose induced AktS473 phosphorylation, which correlates with its activation, in a protein kinase C beta (PKC-beta)-dependent manner. Glucose led to PKC-beta1 membrane translocation and association with Akt, and PKC-beta1 immunoprecipitated from glucose-treated cells phosphorylated recombinant Akt on S473. PKC is known to mediate glucose-induced TGF-beta1 upregulation through the transcription factor AP-1; here, inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase, PKC-beta and Akt, and dominant-negative Akt all prevented glucose-induced activation of AP-1 and upregulation of TGF-beta1. Finally, pharmacologic and dominant negative inhibition of EGFR blocked glucose-induced activation of PKC-beta1, phosphorylation of AktS473, activation of AP-1, and upregulation of TGF-beta1. In vivo, the PKC-beta inhibitor ruboxistaurin prevented Akt activation in the renal cortex of diabetic rats. In conclusion, PKC-beta1 is an Akt S473 kinase in glucose-treated mesangial cells, and TGF-beta1 transcriptional upregulation requires EGFR/PKC-beta1/Akt signaling. New therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy may result from targeting components of this pathway, particularly the initial EGFR transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcheng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Paupe V, Dassa EP, Goncalves S, Auchère F, Lönn M, Holmgren A, Rustin P. Impaired nuclear Nrf2 translocation undermines the oxidative stress response in Friedreich ataxia. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4253. [PMID: 19158945 PMCID: PMC2617762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich ataxia originates from a decrease in mitochondrial frataxin, which causes the death of a subset of neurons. The biochemical hallmarks of the disease include low activity of the iron sulfur cluster-containing proteins (ISP) and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms that may play a major role in disease progression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We thus investigated signaling pathways involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms. We showed that cultured fibroblasts from patients with Friedreich ataxia exhibited hypersensitivity to oxidative insults because of an impairment in the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which led to faulty induction of antioxidant enzymes. This impairment originated from previously reported actin remodeling by hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the defective machinery for ISP synthesis by causing mitochondrial iron dysmetabolism increases hydrogen peroxide production that accounts for the increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paupe
- Inserm, U676, Hôpital Robert Debré, Bât. Ecran, Paris, France
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Ristorcelli E, Beraud E, Verrando P, Villard C, Lafitte D, Sbarra V, Lombardo D, Verine A. Human tumor nanoparticles induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. FASEB J 2008; 22:3358-69. [PMID: 18511551 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles secreted by most hematopoietic cells on fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. Many studies have reported that exosomes may also be released by tumor cells. Exosomes are believed to play an antitumor role through immune cells. We asked whether tumor exosomes have biological activities on tumor cells. We report that human pancreatic tumor nanoparticles, exosome-like as characterized by proteomic analyses and rich in lipid rafts, decreased tumor cell proliferation. Nanoparticles increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expressions. Caspase-3 and -9 but not caspase-8 inhibitors impaired apoptosis, which implicates the mitochondria apoptotic pathway. The ceramide-sphingomyelin apoptotic pathway was inoperative. Moreover, nanoparticles induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) -3beta activation and decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. In nanoparticle-treated cells, PTEN formed complexes with actin, beta-catenin, and GSK-3beta. Thus, beta-catenin may no longer be available to activate the survival pathway. Nanoparticles triggered the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Hence, nanoparticles counteracted the constitutively activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt survival pathway to drive tumor cells toward apoptosis. Our study provides the first evidence of an apoptotic function of tumor-derived nanoparticles on tumor cells. We propose a new role for nanoparticles, i.e., as signal carriers for interaction between cells, which may have implications in physiopathological situations.
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Viaro F, Celotto AC, Capellini VK, Baldo CF, Rodrigues AJ, Vicente WVA, Evora PRB. Compound 48/80 induces endothelium-dependent and histamine release-independent relaxation in rabbit aorta. Nitric Oxide 2007; 18:87-92. [PMID: 18078832 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Compound 48/80 (C48/80) is a synthetic condensation product of N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde and is an experimental drug used since the 1950s to induce anaphylactic shock through histamine release. This study was carried out to further elucidate the mechanism by which this drug induces nitric oxide (NO) release. Our specific goals were: (a) to verify if C48/80's relaxation occurs through the stimulation of histamine receptors; (b) to evaluate the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by C48/80; (c) to identify NO as the endothelium-relaxing factor released by C48/80; (d) to identify the NO synthase (NOS) responsible for NO release; and (e) to verify if the relaxation induced by C48/80 is calcium and cyclic guanidine monophosphate (cGMP) dependent. Rabbit aorta segments, with and without endothelium, were suspended in organ chambers (25ml) filled with Krebs solution maintained at 37 degrees C, bubbled with 95% O(2)/5% CO(2) (pH 7.4). Phenylephrine was used to contract the segments. Other protocol drugs included H(1)- and H(2)-receptor antagonists, cyclooxygenase, NOS, guanylyl cyclase and phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors. Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by C48/80 was also studied in calcium-free Krebs solution associated with a calcium chelator. In summary, our investigation demonstrated that the C48/80 vasodilating action: (a) does not depend on H(1) and H(2) histamine receptors; (b) is NO endothelium-dependent; (c) is dependent on the endothelial constitutive NOS (NOS-3) isoform activation; (d) is cGMP-dependent; and that NOS-3 activation by C48/80: (a) is independent of PLC up to 25mug/ml and (b) is partially dependent of this lipase in higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Viaro
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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