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Wager JL, Baker LG, Scheidl TB, Yonan SZ, Colarusso P, Young D, Dufour A, Thompson JA. Interleukin-6 from the adipose secretome potentiates differentiation of adipose progenitors through the activation of redox signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2025; 328:C1730-C1742. [PMID: 40247767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00024.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
Under obesogenic conditions, it is thought that a signal arising from the adipose microenvironment triggers differentiation of adipose progenitor cells (APCs); yet the identity and source of this signal remain unknown. Redox signaling was shown to influence adipogenesis in primary murine APCs treated with pharmacological agents to manipulate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased generation of superoxide ([Formula: see text]) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via redox cyclers amplified APC differentiation, while differentiation was blunted with ROS scavengers and antioxidants. Protein was concentrated from conditioned media of adipose tissue explants cultured ex vivo to capture secreted factors. Differentiation was enhanced in APCs cultured in the presence of the adipose protein secretome, an effect that was diminished with scavenging of ROS and amplified when the secretome was collected from mice fed a high-fat diet. Proteomic analysis revealed that the adipose secretome from animals on a high-fat diet was enriched in pathways involved in immune cell responses and contained higher levels of cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6). A multiplex assay confirmed higher IL-6, which was predicted as a central regulator of differential levels of secretome proteins. Exposure of APCs to IL-6 increased adipogenesis, while treatment of APCs with an IL-6 blocking antibody diminished the adipogenic effect of the adipose secretome. Together, these findings substantiate a role for redox signaling in the regulation of adipogenesis and identify IL-6 as a potential secreted factor that may mediate activation of adipogenesis via ROS generation under obesogenic conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study identified IL-6 as an adipose-secreted factor that is increased in obesity and potentiates differentiation of APCs. Redox signaling is involved in APC differentiation and mediates the proadipogenic effect of IL-6. Thus, IL-6 may be a paracrine regulator of APC differentiation in the setting of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Wager
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Larissa G Baker
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taylor B Scheidl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophie Z Yonan
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pina Colarusso
- Snyder Live Cell Imaging Core, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Ninni A, Zaccaria F, Verteramo L, Sciarretta F, Silveira LS, Rosa-Neto JC, Carotti S, Nevi L, Grumati P, Patel S, Carrera G, Sgambato A, Lucchetti D, Colella F, Severi I, Senzacqua M, Giordano A, Bernardini S, Di Biagio C, Tortolici F, Rizzo G, Cochain C, Chiurchiù V, Ivanov S, Zhou B, Williams JW, Savage DB, Aquilano K, Lettieri-Barbato D. MACanalyzeR scRNAseq analysis tool reveals PPARγ HIGH/GDF15 HIGH lipid-associated macrophages facilitate thermogenic expansion in BAT. Nat Commun 2025; 16:5063. [PMID: 40450001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 06/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key regulators of adipose tissue plasticity. Obesity impairs brown adipose tissue (BAT) function in humans, yet macrophage-mediated mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we introduce MACanalyzeR, a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) tool designed for comprehensive monocyte/macrophage metabolic profiling. Applying MACanalyzeR to BAT from obese male murine models (db/db and HFD-fed mice), we identify lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) with foamy characteristics. Unlike db/db BAT LAMs, those in HFD BAT correlate with thermogenic gene expression and PPAR signaling activation. A distinct PpargHIGH LAM subcluster progressively accumulates in thermogenically active BAT. Macrophage-specific Pparg depletion disrupts BAT thermogenesis, inducing a white-like phenotype and metabolic dysfunctions. Mechanistically, PpargHIGH LAMs secrete GDF15, a key regulator of BAT identity and lipid metabolism under high-energy demand. Our study establishes MACanalyzeR as a powerful tool for immunometabolic interrogation and identifies PpargHIGH LAMs as critical mediators of BAT homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ninni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Verteramo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB1-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB1-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Carotti
- Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Satish Patel
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulia Carrera
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Multiplex Spatial Profiling Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- Multiplex Spatial Profiling Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Colella
- Multiplex Spatial Profiling Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- IRCSS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Flavia Tortolici
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rizzo
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D16, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clement Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D16, Würzburg, Germany
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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3
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Davanzo GG, Castelucci BG, de Souza GF, Muraro SP, Menezes Dos Reis L, de Oliveira IB, Fachi JL, Virgilio-da-Silva JV, Berçot MR, Fernandes MF, de Oliveira S, Araujo NVP, Ribeiro G, de Castro G, Costa WLG, Santoro AL, Rodrigues-Luiz GF, do Carmo HRP, Breder I, Mori MA, Farias AS, Martins-de-Souza D, Guarnieri JW, Wallace DC, Vinolo MAR, Proença-Módena JL, Beheshti A, Sposito AC, Moraes-Vieira PM. Obesity-Induced Metabolic Priming Exacerbates SARS-CoV-2 Inflammation. Immunology 2025. [PMID: 40265287 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite the early recognition that individuals living with obesity are more prone to develop adverse outcomes during COVID-19, the mechanisms underlying these conditions are still unclear. During obesity, an accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the circulation promotes low-grade inflammation. Here, we show that FFAs induce epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes, exacerbating their inflammatory profile after SARS-CoV-2 infection, a mechanism named metabolic-primed immunity. Monocytes from people with obesity or primed with palmitate, a central component of circulating FFAs, presented elevated viral load and higher gene expression of IL-6. Palmitate-primed monocytes upregulate fatty acid oxidation and FFAs entry into the mitochondria. FFA-derived acetyl-CoA is then converted into citrate, exiting the mitochondria and is used to support H3K18 histone acetylation, which regulates IL-6 accessibility. Ingestion of palm oil by lean and healthy individuals increased circulating FFAs levels and was sufficient to exacerbate the inflammatory profile of monocytes upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings demonstrate that obesity-derived FFAs induce the metabolic priming of monocytes, which exacerbates the inflammatory response observed in people with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Menezes Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Victor Virgilio-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Font Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Vitoria Pereira Araujo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele de Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Webster Leonardo Guimarães Costa
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Leandra Santoro
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Flavia Rodrigues-Luiz
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helison Rafael P do Carmo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ikaro Breder
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph W Guarnieri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Space Biomedicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Wu D, Eeda V, Maria Z, Rawal K, Wang A, Herlea-Pana O, Babu Undi R, Lim HY, Wang W. Targeting IRE1α improves insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis and suppresses metabolically active adipose tissue macrophages in male obese mice. eLife 2025; 13:RP100581. [PMID: 40244655 PMCID: PMC12005715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition engenders the expansion of adipose tissue and the accumulation of immune cells, in particular, macrophages, in the adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. In obesity, several proinflammatory subpopulations of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) identified hitherto include the conventional 'M1-like' CD11C-expressing ATM and the newly discovered metabolically activated CD9-expressing ATM; however, the relationship among ATM subpopulations is unclear. The ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is activated in the adipocytes and immune cells under obesity. It is unknown whether targeting IRE1α is capable of reversing insulin resistance and obesity and modulating the metabolically activated ATMs. We report that pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α RNase significantly ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in male mice with diet-induced obesity. IRE1α inhibition also increases thermogenesis and energy expenditure, and hence protects against high fat diet-induced obesity. Our study shows that the 'M1-like' CD11c+ ATMs are largely overlapping with but yet non-identical to CD9+ ATMs in obese white adipose tissue. Notably, IRE1α inhibition diminishes the accumulation of obesity-induced metabolically activated ATMs and 'M1-like' ATMs, resulting in the curtailment of adipose inflammation and ensuing reactivation of thermogenesis, without augmentation of the alternatively activated M2 macrophage population. Our findings suggest the potential of targeting IRE1α for the therapeutic treatment of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Venkateswararao Eeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Zahra Maria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Komal Rawal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | | | - Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Ram Babu Undi
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
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5
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Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M, Zandvakili R, Jafarzadeh A. Modulation of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization by metformin: Implications for inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 151:114345. [PMID: 40024215 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Macrophages perform an essential role in the body's defense mechanisms and tissue homeostasis. These cells exhibit plasticity and are categorized into two phenotypes, including classically activated/M1 pro-inflammatory and alternatively activated/M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Functional deviation in macrophage polarization occurs in different pathological conditions that need correction. In addition to antidiabetic impacts, metformin also possesses multiple biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, anti-aging, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and tissue-regenerative properties. Metformin can influence the polarization of macrophages toward M1 and M2 phenotypes. The ability of metformin to support M2 polarization and suppress M1 polarization could enhance its anti-inflammatory properties and potentiate its protective effects in conditions such as chronic inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and obesity. However, in metformin-treated tumors, the proportion of M2 macrophages is decreased, while the frequency ratio of M1 macrophages is increased, indicating that metformin can modulate macrophage polarization from a pro-tumoral M2 state to an anti-tumoral M1 phenotype in malignancies. Metformin affects macrophage polarization through AMPK-dependent and independent pathways involving factors, such as NF-κB, mTOR, ATF, AKT/AS160, SIRT1, STAT3, HO-1, PGC-1α/PPAR-γ, and NLRP3 inflammasome. By modulating cellular metabolism and apoptosis, metformin can also influence macrophage polarization. This review provides comprehensive evidence regarding metformin's effects on macrophage polarization and the underlying mechanisms. The polarization-inducing capabilities of metformin may provide significant therapeutic applications in various inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Zandvakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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6
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Pierro EW, Cottam MA, An H, Lehmann BD, Pietenpol JA, Wellen KE, Makowski L, Rathmell JC, Fingleton B, Hasty AH. Comparison of Lean, Obese, and Weight-Loss Models Reveals TREM2 Deficiency Attenuates Breast Cancer Growth Uniquely in Lean Mice and Alters Clonal T-cell Populations. Cancer Res 2025; 85:1219-1235. [PMID: 39841585 PMCID: PMC11968228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer development and poor prognosis. The adipose environment surrounding breast tumors, which is inflamed in obesity, has been implicated in tumor progression, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a transmembrane receptor expressed on macrophages in adipose tissue and tumors, is an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms for the obesity-breast cancer association and the potential benefits of weight loss could help inform treatment strategies. In this study, we utilized lean, obese, and weight-loss mouse models to examine the impact of TREM2 deficiency on postmenopausal breast cancer depending on weight history conditions. Trem2 deficiency constrained tumor growth in lean, but not in obese or weight-loss, mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing, in conjunction with variable-diversity-joining sequencing, of tumor and tumor-adjacent mammary adipose tissue immune cells revealed differences in the immune landscapes across the different models. Tumors of lean TREM2-deficient mice exhibited a shift in clonal CD8+ T cells from an exhausted to an effector memory state, accompanied by increased clonality of CD4+ Th1 cells, that was not observed in any other diet-genotype group. Notably, identical T-cell clonotypes were identified in the tumor and tumor-adjacent mammary adipose tissue of the same mouse. Finally, anti-PD-1 therapy restricted tumor growth in lean and weight-loss, but not in obese, mice. These findings indicate that weight history could affect the efficacy of TREM2 inhibition in postmenopausal breast cancer. The reported immunologic interactions between tumors and the surrounding adipose tissue highlight significant differences under obese and weight-loss conditions. Significance: Weight history impacts the immunological landscape of postmenopausal breast cancer and the efficacy of TREM2 modulation and anti-PD-1 therapy, which has implications for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysa W. Pierro
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew A. Cottam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hanbing An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian D. Lehmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer A. Pietenpol
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 31863, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX
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7
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Guan F, Wang R, Yi Z, Luo P, Liu W, Xie Y, Liu Z, Xia Z, Zhang H, Cheng Q. Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2025; 10:93. [PMID: 40055311 PMCID: PMC11889221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-025-02124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. They play crucial roles in immune defense, surveillance, and homeostasis. This review systematically discusses the types of hematopoietic progenitors that give rise to macrophages, including primitive hematopoietic progenitors, erythro-myeloid progenitors, and hematopoietic stem cells. These progenitors have distinct genetic backgrounds and developmental processes. Accordingly, macrophages exhibit complex and diverse functions in the body, including phagocytosis and clearance of cellular debris, antigen presentation, and immune response, regulation of inflammation and cytokine production, tissue remodeling and repair, and multi-level regulatory signaling pathways/crosstalk involved in homeostasis and physiology. Besides, tumor-associated macrophages are a key component of the TME, exhibiting both anti-tumor and pro-tumor properties. Furthermore, the functional status of macrophages is closely linked to the development of various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic conditions, and trauma. Targeting macrophages has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in these contexts. Clinical trials of macrophage-based targeted drugs, macrophage-based immunotherapies, and nanoparticle-based therapy were comprehensively summarized. Potential challenges and future directions in targeting macrophages have also been discussed. Overall, our review highlights the significance of this versatile immune cell in human health and disease, which is expected to inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjie Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyao Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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8
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Scheidl TB, Wager JL, Thompson JA. Adipose Tissue Stromal Cells: Rheostats for Adipose Tissue Function and Metabolic Disease Risk. Can J Cardiol 2025:S0828-282X(25)00137-0. [PMID: 39986382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2025.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025] Open
Abstract
The transition from metabolically healthy obesity to the development of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease is thought to be triggered by a loss in the functional integrity of adipose tissue. Although mature adipocytes are the primary functional units that carry out lipid partitioning in adipose tissue for the promotion of whole-body energy balance, they are supported by a heterogenous collection of nonadipocytes in the stroma. Research over the past couple of decades has expanded perspectives on the homeostatic and pathological roles of the nonadipocyte compartment. Adipose progenitors originate in the embryonic period and drive the developmental adipogenesis that establishes the set point of adiposity. A population of adipocyte progenitors reside in adult depots and serve an important homeostatic role as a reservoir to support adipocyte turnover. Adipocyte hypertrophy in obesity increases the rate of adipocyte death and the ability of progenitors to support this high rate of adipocyte turnover is important for the preservation of the lipid-buffering function of adipose tissue. Some evidence exists to suggest that impaired adipogenesis or a decline in progenitors capable of differentiation is a key event in the development of adipose dysfunction. The efficiency of macrophages to clear the debris and toxic lipids released from dead adipocytes lies at the fulcrum between preservation of adipose function and the progression toward chronic inflammation. Although macrophages in collaboration with other immune cells propagate the inflammation that underlies adipose dysfunction, there is now a greater appreciation for the diverse and unique roles of immune cells within adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Scheidl
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. https://twitter.com/TaylorScheidl
| | - Jessica L Wager
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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9
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Luévano-Martínez LA, Méndez-Fernández A, Rueda-Munguía M, Bonilla-Ruelas D, Brunck MEG, García-Rivas G. Glycerol metabolism is activated in both palmitic acid-stimulated and adipose tissue macrophages from a murine model of cardiometabolic heart failure. J Physiol 2025. [PMID: 39977539 DOI: 10.1113/jp287791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages chronically exposed to saturated fatty acids, such as those encountered in adipose tissue, present a pro-inflammatory phenotype with a characteristic foamy morphology. This feature is caused by the excess uptake of circulating lipids, yielding large cytoplasmic lipid bodies formed by triacylglycerols and cholesteryl derivatives. Palmitic acid (PA) is a potent inflammatory inducer in macrophages after chronic exposure to this fatty acid. However, acute exposure to this fatty acid is unable to activate a pro-inflammatory phenotype, although it is sufficient to induce metabolic reprogramming including the formation of small lipid bodies. In the present study, we used an in vitro model of human monocyte-derived macrophages to unravel the early stages of metabolic reprogramming observed in macrophages exposed to PA. We observed that partial inhibition of the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is necessary for supplying glycerol 3-phosphate for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we characterized an alternative pathway to increase the concentration of glycerol 3-phosphate involving an aquaporin and glycerol kinase. Our results suggested that early lipid bodies biogenesis rises as a response mechanism to buffer excessive PA without inducing a pro-inflammatory program. Additionally, we observed that macrophages chronically exposed to PA eventually upregulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, our in vitro observations were confirmed in adipose tissue macrophages derived from a preclinical mouse model of cardiometabolic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction characterized by heightened adiposity and inflammation. KEY POINTS: The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is partially inhibited in palmitic acid-activated macrophages. Aquaporin 3 expression is upregulated in macrophages exposed to palmitic acid and in adipose tissue macrophages from a murine model of cardiometabolic heart failure. Aquaporin 3 participates in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols by supplying extracellular glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Luévano-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Abraham Méndez-Fernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Mayte Rueda-Munguía
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Diana Bonilla-Ruelas
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Marion E G Brunck
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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10
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Jang JH, Sung JH, Huh JY. Diverse Functions of Macrophages in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Bridging Inflammation and Metabolism. Immune Netw 2025; 25:e12. [PMID: 40078789 PMCID: PMC11896663 DOI: 10.4110/in.2025.25.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial roles in immune response and tissue homeostasis, with their functions becoming increasingly complex in obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. This review explores the extensive range of macrophage activities within adipose and liver tissues, emphasizing their contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of obesity and its related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In the context of obesity, macrophages respond adaptively to lipid overloads and inflammatory cues in adipose tissue, profoundly influencing insulin resistance and metabolic homeostasis. Concurrently, their role in the liver extends to moderating inflammation and orchestrating fibrotic responses, integral to the development of MASLD. Highlighting the spectrum of macrophage phenotypes across these metabolic landscapes, we summarize their diverse roles in linking inflammatory processes with metabolic functions. This review advocates for a deeper understanding of macrophage subsets in metabolic tissues, proposing targeted research to harness their therapeutic potential in mitigating MASLD and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Jang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Sung
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
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11
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Han SM, Nahmgoong H, Yim KM, Kim JB. How obesity affects adipocyte turnover. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2025; 36:147-160. [PMID: 39095230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellular turnover is fundamental for tissue homeostasis and integrity. Adipocyte turnover, accounting for 4% of the total cellular mass turnover in humans, is essential for adipose tissue homeostasis during metabolic stress. In obesity, an altered adipose tissue microenvironment promotes adipocyte death. To clear dead adipocytes, macrophages are recruited and form a distinctive structure known as crown-like structure; subsequently, new adipocytes are generated from adipose stem and progenitor cells in the adipogenic niche to replace dead adipocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that adipocyte death, clearance, and adipogenesis are sophisticatedly orchestrated during adipocyte turnover. In this Review, we summarize our current understandings of each step in adipocyte turnover, discussing its key players and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mun Han
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Yim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wu D, Eeda V, Maria Z, Rawal K, Wang A, Herlea-Pana O, Undi RB, Lim HY, Wang W. Targeting IRE1α improves insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis and suppresses metabolically active adipose tissue macrophages in male obese mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2024.07.17.603931. [PMID: 39071288 PMCID: PMC11275733 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Overnutrition engenders the expansion of adipose tissue and the accumulation of immune cells, in particular, macrophages, in the adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. In obesity, several proinflammatory subpopulations of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) identified hitherto include the conventional "M1-like" CD11C-expressing ATM and the newly discovered metabolically activated CD9-expressing ATM; however, the relationship among ATM subpopulations is unclear. The ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is activated in the adipocytes and immune cells under obesity. It is unknown whether targeting IRE1α is capable of reversing insulin resistance and obesity and modulating the metabolically activated ATMs. We report that pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α RNase significantly ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in male mice with diet-induced obesity. IRE1α inhibition also increases thermogenesis and energy expenditure, and hence protects against high fat diet-induced obesity. Our study shows that the "M1-like" CD11c+ ATMs are largely overlapping with but yet non-identical to CD9+ ATMs in obese white adipose tissue. Notably, IRE1α inhibition diminishes the accumulation of obesity-induced metabolically activated ATMs and "M1-like" ATMs, resulting in the curtailment of adipose inflammation and ensuing reactivation of thermogenesis, without augmentation of the alternatively activated M2 macrophage population. Our findings suggest the potential of targeting IRE1α for the therapeutic treatment of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Venkateswararao Eeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Zahra Maria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Komal Rawal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Audrey Wang
- Indian Springs School, 190 Woodward Dr, Pelham, Alabama 35124
| | - Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Ram Babu Undi
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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13
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Jacquet RG, González Ibáñez F, Picard K, Funes L, Khakpour M, Gouras GK, Tremblay MÈ, Maxfield FR, Solé-Domènech S. Microglia degrade Alzheimer's amyloid-beta deposits extracellularly via digestive exophagy. Cell Rep 2024; 43:115052. [PMID: 39644493 PMCID: PMC11760508 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024] Open
Abstract
How microglia digest Alzheimer's fibrillar amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques that are too large to be phagocytosed is not well understood. Here, we show that primary microglial cells create acidic extracellular compartments, lysosomal synapses, on model plaques and digest them with exocytosed lysosomal enzymes. This mechanism, called digestive exophagy, is confirmed by electron microscopy in 5xFAD mouse brains, which shows that a lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase, is secreted toward the plaques in structures resembling lysosomal synapses. Signaling studies demonstrate that the PI3K-AKT pathway modulates the formation of lysosomal synapses, as inhibition of PI3K1β or AKT1/2 reduces both lysosome exocytosis and actin polymerization, both required for the formation of the compartments. Finally, we show that small fibrils of Aβ previously internalized and trafficked to lysosomes are exocytosed toward large Aβ aggregates by microglia. Thus, the release of lysosomal contents during digestive exophagy may also contribute to the spread and growth of fibrillar Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy G Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lucy Funes
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohammadparsa Khakpour
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Unit, BMC, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) and Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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14
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Dahik VD, Kc P, Materne C, Reydellet C, Lhomme M, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Denom J, Bun E, Ponnaiah M, Deknuydt F, Frisdal E, Hardy LM, Durand H, Guillas I, Lesnik P, Gudelj I, Lauc G, Guérin M, Kontush A, Soprani A, Magnan C, Diedisheim M, Bluteau O, Venteclef N, Le Goff W. ABCG1 orchestrates adipose tissue macrophage plasticity and insulin resistance in obesity by rewiring saturated fatty acid pools. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi6682. [PMID: 39661702 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms governing adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) metabolic adaptation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) are poorly understood. In obese adipose tissue, ATMs are exposed to lipid fluxes, which can influence the activation of specific inflammatory and metabolic programs and contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. In the present study, we demonstrate that the membrane ATP-binding cassette g1 (Abcg1) transporter controls the ATM functional response to fatty acids (FAs) carried by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which are abundant in high-energy diets. Mice genetically lacking Abcg1 in the myeloid lineage presented an ameliorated inflammatory status in adipose tissue and reduced insulin resistance. Abcg1-deficient ATMs exhibited a less inflammatory phenotype accompanied by a low bioenergetic profile and modified FA metabolism. A closer look at the ATM lipidome revealed a shift in the handling of FA pools, including a redirection of saturated FAs from membrane phospholipids to lipid droplets, leading to a reduction in membrane rigidity and neutralization of proinflammatory FAs. ATMs from human individuals with obesity presented the same reciprocal relationship between ABCG1 expression and this inflammatory and metabolic status. Abolition of this protective, anti-inflammatory phenotype in Abcg1-deficient ATMs was achieved through restoration of lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) activity, thus delineating the importance of the Abcg1/Lpl axis in controlling ATM metabolic inflammation. Overall, our study identifies the rewiring of FA pools by Abcg1 as a major pathway orchestrating ATM plasticity and insulin resistance in DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Dahik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pukar Kc
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Clément Materne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Canelle Reydellet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O data science (MP), ICAN omics (ML), ICAN BioCell Flow Cytometry (FD), 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Jessica Denom
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Bun
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O data science (MP), ICAN omics (ML), ICAN BioCell Flow Cytometry (FD), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Deknuydt
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O data science (MP), ICAN omics (ML), ICAN BioCell Flow Cytometry (FD), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Frisdal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Lise M Hardy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Durand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Guillas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maryse Guérin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Soprani
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Générale de Santé (GDS), Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Clinic, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Diedisheim
- Clinique Saint Gatien Alliance (NCT+), 37540 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bluteau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Endocrine and Oncological Biochemistry, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, F-75651 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
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15
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Neugebauer J, Raulien N, Arndt L, Akkermann D, Hobusch C, Lindhorst A, Fröba J, Gericke M. The Impact of Resident Adipose Tissue Macrophages on Adipocyte Homeostasis and Dedifferentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13019. [PMID: 39684730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is concurrent with immunological dysregulation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation and cellular dysfunction. In pancreatic islets, this loss of function has been correlated with mature β-cells dedifferentiating into a precursor-like state through constant exposure to inflammatory stressors. As mature adipocytes likewise have the capability to dedifferentiate in vitro and in vivo, we wanted to analyze this cellular change in relation to adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activity. Using our organotypic AT explant culture method combined with a double-reporter mouse model for labeling ATMs and mature adipocytes, we were able to visualize and quantify dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells in AT explants. Preliminary testing showed increased dedifferentiation after tamoxifen (TAM) stimulation, making TAM-dependent lineage-tracing models unsuitable for quantification of naturally occurring DFAT cells. The regulatory role of ATMs in adipocyte dedifferentiation was shown through macrophage depletion using Plexxicon 5622 or clodronate liposomes, which significantly increased DFAT cell levels. Subsequent bulk RNA sequencing of macrophage-depleted explants revealed enrichment of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) signaling pathway as well as downregulation of associated genes. Direct stimulation with TNFα decreased adipocyte dedifferentiation, while application of a TNFα-neutralizing antibody did not significantly alter DFAT cell levels. Our findings suggest a regulatory role of resident ATMs in maintaining the mature adipocyte phenotype and preventing excessive adipocyte dedifferentiation. The specific regulatory pathways as well as the impact that DFAT cells might have on ATMs, and vice versa, are subject to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Neugebauer
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Raulien
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Akkermann
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Janine Fröba
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Li J, Tian Z, Zhang T, Jin J, Zhang X, Xie P, Lin H, Gu J, Wu Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Yan X, Guo D, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Single-cell view and a novel protective macrophage subset in perivascular adipose tissue in T2DM. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:148. [PMID: 39627688 PMCID: PMC11616190 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasculopathy underlies diabetic complications, with perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) playing crucial roles in its development. However, the changes in the cellular composition and function of PVAT, including the specific cell subsets and mechanisms implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vasculopathy, remain unclear. METHODS To address the above issues, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of PVAT from normal and T2DM rats. Then, various bioinformatics tools and functional experiments were used to investigate the characteristic changes in the cellular profile of diabetic PVAT SVF, their implications, and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our study reveals the single-cell landscape of the SVF of PVAT, demonstrating its considerable heterogeneity and significant alterations in T2DM, including an enhanced inflammatory response and elevated proportions of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, macrophages are critical hubs for cross-talk among various cell populations. Notably, we identified a decreased Pdpn+ macrophage subpopulation in the PVAT of T2DM rats and confirmed this in mice and humans. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that Pdpn+ macrophages alleviated insulin resistance and modulated adipokine/cytokine expression in adipocytes via the Pla2g2d-DHA/EPA-GPR120 pathway. This subset also enhances the function of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, inhibits vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, and improves vasodilatory function, thereby protecting blood vessels. CONCLUSION Pdpn+ macrophages exhibit significant vascular protective effects by alleviating insulin resistance and modulating adipokine/cytokine expression in PVAT adipocytes. This macrophage subtype may therefore play pivotal roles in mitigating vascular complications in T2DM. Our findings also underscore the critical role of immune-metabolic cross-talk in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tongxue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of Biology, University College London, London, NW1 2HE, UK
| | - Panpan Xie
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shucui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xuefang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Schleh MW, Ameka MK, Rodriguez AS, Hasty AH. Deficiency of the Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Receptor, CD163, Worsens Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Male Mice. Diabetes 2024; 73:1990-2002. [PMID: 39325576 PMCID: PMC11579413 DOI: 10.2337/db24-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Excessive iron accumulation in metabolic organs such as the adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle is associated with increased diabetes risk. Tissue-resident macrophages serve multiple roles, including managing inflammatory tone and regulating parenchymal iron homeostasis, thus protecting against metabolic dysfunction upon iron overload. The scavenger receptor CD163 is uniquely present on tissue-resident macrophages and plays a significant role in iron homeostasis by clearing extracellular hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes, thereby limiting oxidative damage caused by free hemoglobin in metabolic tissues. We show that the absence of CD163 exacerbates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male mice with obesity. Additionally, loss of CD163 reduced the expression of iron regulatory genes (Tfr1, Cisd1, Slc40a1) in adipose tissue macrophages and anti-inflammatory (M2-like) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, CD163 deficiency mediated a proinflammatory shift and limited hemoglobin scavenging specifically in M2-like BMDMs. To this end, iron buffering was diminished in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) macrophages in vivo, which culminated in iron spillover into adipocytes and CD45+ CD11B- nonmyeloid immune cells in iWAT. These findings show that CD163 on tissue-resident macrophages is critical for their anti-inflammatory and hemoglobin scavenging roles, and its absence results in impaired systemic insulin action in an obese setting. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Male
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Mice
- Obesity/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Haptoglobins/metabolism
- Haptoglobins/genetics
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Iron/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Glucose Intolerance/genetics
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Magdalene K. Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alec S. Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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18
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Martins VD, Vaz L, Barbosa SC, Paixão PHDM, Torres L, de Oliveira MFA, Oliveira MDA, Vieira LQ, de Faria AMC, Maioli TU. Obesity alters the macrophages' response to Leishmania major in C57BL/6 mice. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:1372-1384. [PMID: 39213305 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is also a predisposing factor for infectious diseases, increasing mortality rates. Moreover, diet-induced obesity can cause metabolic fluctuations that affect macrophage differentiation in various organs. In this sense, we investigated how bone marrow-derived macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages in the skin, which have been differentiated in a host with metabolic syndrome and with previous inflammatory burden, respond to Leishmania major infection. Our findings suggest that bone marrow-derived macrophages from obese C57BL/6 mice, even when cultivated in vitro with inflammatory stimuli, are more susceptible to L. major. These macrophages produce less tumor necrosing factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO) and show higher arginase activity. Furthermore, obese mice infected with an intermediate dose of L. major in the skin had more severe lesions when analyzed for ulceration, diameter, thickness, and parasite burden. The increase in lesion severity in obese mice was associated with a higher frequency of tissue-resident macrophages, which are less efficient in killing parasites. We also used CCR2-/- mice, which predominantly have tissue-resident macrophages, and found that lesion resolution was delayed in association with CCR2 deficiency. Additionally, obesity potentiated tissue damage, resulting in higher frequency of tissue-resident macrophages. Our results demonstrate that obesity can alter macrophage responses to infection, leading to increased susceptibility to L. major and more severe cutaneous leishmaniasis. These findings may have important implications for managing obesity-related infections and the development of new therapies for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Dantas Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vaz
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara Candida Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pierre Henrique de Menezes Paixão
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Licia Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, CEP 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcos Felipe Andrade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Almeida Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano de Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, CEP 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Köröskényi K, Sós L, Rostás M, Papp AB, Kókai E, Garabuczi É, Deák D, Beke L, Méhes G, Szondy Z. Loss of MER Tyrosine Kinase Attenuates Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Leads to Enhanced Thermogenesis in Mice Exposed to High-Fat Diet. Cells 2024; 13:1902. [PMID: 39594650 PMCID: PMC11593050 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation that originates predominantly from the expanding visceral adipose tissue, in which adipocytes respond to lipid overload with hypertrophy, and consequently die by apoptosis. Recruited adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) take up the excess lipids and remove the dead cells; however, long-term exposure to high concentrations of lipids alters their phenotype to M1-like ATMs that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and resistin leading to insulin resistance and other obesity-related pathologies. Mer tyrosine kinase is expressed by macrophages and by being an efferocytosis receptor, and by suppressing inflammation, we hypothesized that it might play a protective role against obesity. To our surprise, however, the loss of Mer protected mice against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We report in this paper that Mer is also expressed by adipocytes of both white and brown adipose tissues, and while its activity facilitates adipocyte lipid storage both in vitro and in vivo in mice exposed to HFD, it simultaneously attenuates thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue contributing to its 'whitening'. Our data indicate that Mer is one of the adipocyte tyrosine kinase receptors, the activity of which contributes to the metabolic decision about the fate of excess lipids favoring their storage within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Köröskényi
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.K.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Sós
- Doctoral School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (M.R.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Melinda Rostás
- Doctoral School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (M.R.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Albert Bálint Papp
- Doctoral School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (M.R.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Endre Kókai
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.K.); (E.K.)
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Garabuczi
- Department of Integrative Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Deák
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Life Science Building, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Lívia Beke
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.K.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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20
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Panico C, Felicetta A, Kunderfranco P, Cremonesi M, Salvarani N, Carullo P, Colombo F, Idini A, Passaretti M, Doro R, Rubino M, Villaschi A, Da Rin G, Peano C, Kallikourdis M, Greco CM, Condorelli G. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Metabolic Stress-Dependent Activation of Cardiac Macrophages in a Model of Dyslipidemia-Induced Diastolic Dysfunction. Circulation 2024; 150:1517-1532. [PMID: 38126199 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic distress is often associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and represents a therapeutic challenge. Metabolism-induced systemic inflammation links comorbidities with HFpEF. How metabolic changes affect myocardial inflammation in the context of HFpEF is not known. METHODS We found that ApoE knockout mice fed a Western diet recapitulate many features of HFpEF. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used for expression analysis of CD45+ cardiac cells to evaluate the involvement of inflammation in diastolic dysfunction. We focused bioinformatics analysis on macrophages, obtaining high-resolution identification of subsets of these cells in the heart, enabling us to study the outcomes of metabolic distress on the cardiac macrophage infiltrate and to identify a macrophage-to-cardiomyocyte regulatory axis. To test whether a clinically relevant sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor could ameliorate the cardiac immune infiltrate profile in our model, mice were randomized to receive the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin or vehicle for 8 weeks. RESULTS ApoE knockout mice fed a Western diet presented with reduced diastolic function, reduced exercise tolerance, and increased pulmonary congestion associated with cardiac lipid overload and reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids. The main immune cell types infiltrating the heart included 4 subpopulations of resident and monocyte-derived macrophages, determining a proinflammatory profile exclusively in ApoE knockout-Western diet mice. Lipid overload had a direct effect on inflammatory gene activation in macrophages, mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Investigation of the macrophage-to-cardiomyocyte regulatory axis revealed the potential effects on cardiomyocytes of multiple inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages, affecting pathways such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, and autophagy. Finally, we describe an anti-inflammatory effect of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition in this model. CONCLUSIONS Using single-cell RNA sequencing in a model of diastolic dysfunction driven by hyperlipidemia, we have determined the effects of metabolic distress on cardiac inflammatory cells, in particular on macrophages, and suggest sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the targeting of a specific phenotype of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Arianna Felicetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Nicolò Salvarani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy (Milan Unit), Rozzano (MI), Italy (N.S., P.C., C. Peano)
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy (Milan Unit), Rozzano (MI), Italy (N.S., P.C., C. Peano)
| | - Federico Colombo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Alessandra Idini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Mauro Passaretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Riccardo Doro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Marcello Rubino
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Alessandro Villaschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Da Rin
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy (Milan Unit), Rozzano (MI), Italy (N.S., P.C., C. Peano)
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Carolina M Greco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., M.C., N.S., A.I., M.P., R,D., A.V., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy (C. Panico, A.F., P.K., M.C., F.C., A.I., M.P., R,D., M.R., A.V., G.D.R., M.K., C.M.G., G.C.)
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Méndez N, Corvalan F, Halabi D, Vasquez A, Vergara K, Noriega H, Ehrenfeld P, Sanhueza K, Seron-Ferre M, Valenzuela GJ, Torres-Farfan C. Sex-Specific Metabolic Effects of Gestational Chronodisruption and Maternal Melatonin Supplementation in Rat Offspring. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e70015. [PMID: 39648694 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.70015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
Gestational chronodisruption, increasingly common due to irregular light exposure, disrupts maternal-fetal circadian signaling, leading to long-term health issues in offspring. We utilized a chronic photoperiod shifting model (CPS) in pregnant rats to induce chronodisruption and investigated the potential mitigating effects of maternal melatonin supplementation (CPS + Mel). Male and female offspring were evaluated at 3 ages (90, 200, and 400 days of age) for metabolic profiles, hormonal responses, cytokine levels, and adipose tissue activity. Our findings indicate that gestational chronodisruption leads to increased birth weight by approximately 15% in male and female offspring and increased obesity prevalence in male offspring, accompanied by a 30% reduction in nocturnal melatonin levels and a significant disruption in corticosterone rhythms. Male CPS offspring also exhibited decreased lipolytic activity in white adipose tissue, with a 25% reduction in glycerol release compared to controls, indicating impaired metabolic flexibility. In contrast, female offspring, while less affected metabolically, showed a 25% increase in adipose tissue lipolytic activity and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (increased by 40%). Scheduled melatonin supplementation in chronodisrupted mothers, administered throughout gestation, effectively normalized birth weights in both sexes, reduced obesity prevalence in males by 18%, and improved lipolytic activity in male offspring, bringing it closer to control levels. In females, melatonin supplementation moderated cytokine levels, reducing IL-6 by 35% and restoring IL-10 levels to near-control values. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific prenatal interventions, particularly the role of melatonin in preventing disruptions to fetal metabolic and inflammatory pathways caused by gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin treatment would prevent maternal circadian rhythm misalignment, thereby supporting healthy fetal development. This study opens new avenues for developing targeted prenatal care strategies that align maternal and fetal circadian rhythms, mitigating the long-term health risks associated with chronodisruption during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Méndez
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Santo Tomas, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Instituto de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Abigail Vasquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hector Noriega
- Instituto de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, Chile
| | - Katiushka Sanhueza
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo J Valenzuela
- Department of Women's Health, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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22
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Hill KB, Mullen GP, Nagareddy PR, Zimmerman KA, Rudolph MC. Key questions and gaps in understanding adipose tissue macrophages and early-life metabolic programming. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E478-E497. [PMID: 39171752 PMCID: PMC11482221 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00140.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic, with its associated comorbidities and increased risk of early mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhancing our understanding of the origins of this complex disease. It is increasingly clear that metabolism is programmed early in life and that metabolic programming can have life-long health consequences. As a critical metabolic organ sensitive to early-life stimuli, proper development of adipose tissue (AT) is crucial for life-long energy homeostasis. Early-life nutrients, especially fatty acids (FAs), significantly influence the programming of AT and shape its function and metabolism. Of growing interest are the dynamic responses during pre- and postnatal development to proinflammatory omega-6 (n6) and anti-inflammatory omega-3 (n3) FA exposures in AT. In the US maternal diet, the ratio of "pro-inflammatory" n6- to "anti-inflammatory" n3-FAs has grown dramatically due to the greater prevalence of n6-FAs. Notably, AT macrophages (ATMs) form a significant population within adipose stromal cells, playing not only an instrumental role in AT formation and maintenance but also acting as key mediators of cell-to-cell lipid and cytokine signaling. Despite rapid advances in ATM and immunometabolism fields, research has focused on responses to obesogenic diets and during adulthood. Consequently, there is a significant gap in identifying the mechanisms contributing metabolic health, especially regarding lipid exposures during the establishment of ATM physiology. Our review highlights the current understanding of ATM diversity, their critical role in AT, their potential role in early-life metabolic programming, and the broader implications for metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Gregory P Mullen
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Section, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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23
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Jornayvaz FR, Gariani K, Somm E, Jaquet V, Bouzakri K, Szanto I. NADPH oxidases in healthy white adipose tissue and in obesity: function, regulation, and clinical implications. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1799-1811. [PMID: 39315402 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, when produced in a controlled manner, are physiological modulators of healthy white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion and metabolic function. By contrast, unbridled production of oxidants is associated with pathological WAT expansion and the establishment of metabolic dysfunctions, most notably insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) produce oxidants in an orderly fashion and are present in adipocytes and in other diverse WAT-constituent cell types. Recent studies have established several links between aberrant NOX-derived oxidant production, adiposity, and metabolic homeostasis. The objective of this review is to highlight the physiological roles attributed to diverse NOX isoforms in healthy WAT and summarize current knowledge of the metabolic consequences related to perturbations in their adequate oxidant production. We detail WAT-related alterations in preclinical investigations conducted in NOX-deficient murine models. In addition, we review clinical studies that have employed NOX inhibitors and currently available data related to human NOX mutations in metabolic disturbances. Future investigations aimed at understanding the integration of NOX-derived oxidants in the regulation of the WAT cellular redox network are essential for designing successful redox-related precision therapies to curb obesity and attenuate obesity-associated metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François R Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- RE.A.D.S. Unit (Readers, Assay Development and Screening Unit), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Soedono S, Julietta V, Nawaz H, Cho KW. Dynamic Roles and Expanding Diversity of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:193-212. [PMID: 39324219 PMCID: PMC11443328 DOI: 10.7570/jomes24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are key regulators of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity, and the traditional M1/M2 characterization of ATMs is inadequate for capturing their diversity in obese conditions. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling has revealed heterogeneity among ATMs that goes beyond the old paradigm and identified new subsets with unique functions. Furthermore, explorations of their developmental origins suggest that multiple differentiation pathways contribute to ATM variety. These advances raise concerns about how to define ATM functions, how they are regulated, and how they orchestrate changes in AT. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of ATMs and their updated categorization in both mice and humans during obesity. Additionally, diverse ATM functions and contributions in the context of obesity are discussed. Finally, potential strategies for targeting ATM functions as therapeutic interventions for obesity-induced metabolic diseases are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindy Soedono
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Vivi Julietta
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hadia Nawaz
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
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25
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Sinha SK, Carpio MB, Nicholas SB. Fiery Connections: Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation, the Journey from Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2209. [PMID: 39457523 PMCID: PMC11503991 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant public health challenge, with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) as one of its most serious consequences. It has become increasingly clear that type 2 DM (T2D) and the complications of DKD are not purely metabolic disorders. This review outlines emerging evidence related to the step-by-step contribution of macrophages to the development and progression of DKD in individuals who specifically develop T2D as a result of obesity. The macrophage is a prominent inflammatory cell that contributes to obesity, where adipocyte hypertrophy leads to macrophage recruitment and eventually to the expansion of adipose tissue. The recruited macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines, which cause systemic inflammation, glucose dysregulation, and insulin sensitivity, ultimately contributing to the development of T2D. Under such pathological changes, the kidney is susceptible to elevated glucose and thereby activates signaling pathways that ultimately drive monocyte recruitment. In particular, the early recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages in the diabetic kidney produces inflammatory cytokines/chemokines that contribute to inflammation and tissue damage associated with DKD pathology. Macrophage activation and recruitment are crucial inciting factors that also persist as DKD progresses. Thus, targeting macrophage activation and function could be a promising therapeutic approach, potentially offering significant benefits for managing DKD at all stages of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Maria Beatriz Carpio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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26
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Xu Y, Hillman H, Chang M, Ivanov S, Williams JW. Identification of conserved and tissue-restricted transcriptional profiles for lipid associated macrophages (LAMs). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.24.614807. [PMID: 39386558 PMCID: PMC11463620 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.24.614807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential immune cells present in all tissues, and are vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and immune responses. Considerable efforts have identified shared and tissue-specific gene programs for macrophages across organs during homeostasis. This information has dramatically enhanced our understanding of tissue-restricted macrophage programming and function. However, few studies have addressed the overlapping and tissue-specific responses of macrophage subsets following inflammatory responses. One subset of macrophages that has been observed across several studies, lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs), have gained interest due to their unique role in lipid metabolism and potential as a therapeutic target. LAMs have been associated with regulating disease outcomes in metabolically related disorders including atherosclerosis, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data to profile LAMs across multiple tissues and sterile inflammatory conditions in mice and humans. Integration of data from various disease models revealed that LAMs share a set of conserved transcriptional profiles, including Trem2 and Lpl, but also identified key sets of tissue-specific LAM gene programs. Importantly, the shared LAM markers were highly conserved with human LAM populations that also emerge in chronic inflammatory settings. Overall, this analysis provides a detailed transcriptional landscape of tissue-restricted and shared LAM gene programs and offers insights into their roles in metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases. These data may help instruct appropriate targets for broad or tissue-restricted therapeutic interventions to modulate LAM populations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Xu
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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27
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Jeelani I, Moon JS, da Cunha FF, Nasamran CA, Jeon S, Zhang X, Bandyopadhyay GK, Dobaczewska K, Mikulski Z, Hosseini M, Liu X, Kisseleva T, Brenner D, Singh S, Loomba R, Kim M, Lee YS. HIF-2α drives hepatic Kupffer cell death and proinflammatory recruited macrophage activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi0284. [PMID: 39259813 PMCID: PMC11665927 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Proinflammatory hepatic macrophage activation plays a key role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This involves increased embryonic hepatic Kupffer cell (KC) death, facilitating the replacement of KCs with bone marrow-derived recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs) that highly express proinflammatory genes. Moreover, phago/efferocytic activity of KCs is diminished in NASH, enhancing liver inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes in KCs are not known. Here, we show that hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) mediates NASH-associated decreased KC growth and efferocytosis by enhancing lysosomal stress. At the molecular level, HIF-2α stimulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent inhibitory transcription factor EB (TFEB) phosphorylation, leading to decreased lysosomal and phagocytic gene expression. With increased metabolic stress and phago/efferocytic burden in NASH, these changes were sufficient to increase lysosomal stress, causing decreased efferocytosis and lysosomal cell death. Of interest, HIF-2α-dependent TFEB regulation only occurred in KCs but not RHMs. Instead, in RHMs, HIF-2α promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and proinflammatory activation by increasing ANT2 expression and mitochondrial permeability transition. Consequently, myeloid lineage-specific or KC-specific HIF-2α depletion or the inhibition of mTOR-dependent TFEB inhibition using antisense oligonucleotide treatment protected against the development of NASH in mice. Moreover, treatment with an HIF-2α-specific inhibitor reduced inflammatory and fibrogenic gene expression in human liver spheroids cultured under a NASH-like condition. Together, our results suggest that macrophage subtype-specific effects of HIF-2α collectively contribute to the proinflammatory activation of liver macrophages, leading to the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Jeelani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Jae-Su Moon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Flavia Franco da Cunha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Chanond A. Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Seokhyun Jeon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Xinhang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Katarzyna Dobaczewska
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
- Division of Epidemiology Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
- NAFLD Research Center University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
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28
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Gallo G, Desideri G, Savoia C. Update on Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:2781. [PMID: 39203917 PMCID: PMC11356794 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic worldwide. Overweight and multiple obesity-related mechanisms, including dysmetabolic alterations, contribute to cardiovascular deleterious effects. Hence, overweight and obesity have been independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk, whose assessment is crucial for preserving life quality and reducing mortality, and to address appropriate therapeutic strategies in obese patients. Beyond the standard of care in managing overweight and obesity in adults (i.e., diet and physical exercise), several relevant pharmacotherapies have been approved, and several procedures and device types for weight loss have been recommended. In such a contest, medical weight management remains one option for treating excess weight. Most drugs used for obesity reduce appetite and increase satiety and, secondarily, slow gastric emptying to reduce body weight and, therefore, act also to improve metabolic parameters. In this contest, agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RAs) modulate different metabolic pathways associated with glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, antioxidation, and inflammation. Moreover, this class of drugs has shown efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients, and reducing body weight independently of the presence of diabetes. Recently, in overweight or obese patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease but without diabetes, the GLP-1RA semaglutide reduced the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and death from cardiovascular causes. Thus, semaglutide has been approved for secondary prevention in obese people with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, whether this class of drugs is equally effective for primary prevention in obese people has to be demonstrated. In this review, we will summarize updates on the pathophysiology of obesity, the effects of obesity on cardiovascular risk, the impact of different obesity phenotypes on cardiovascular diseases, and the novelties in the clinical management of obesity for cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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29
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Lempicki MD, Gray JA, Abuna G, Murata RM, Divanovic S, McNamara CA, Meher AK. BAFF neutralization impairs the autoantibody-mediated clearance of dead adipocytes and aggravates obesity-induced insulin resistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1436900. [PMID: 39185417 PMCID: PMC11341376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1436900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a critical TNF-family cytokine that regulates homeostasis and peripheral tolerance of B2 cells. BAFF overproduction promotes autoantibody generation and autoimmune diseases. During obesity, BAFF is predominantly produced by white adipose tissue (WAT), and IgG autoantibodies against adipocytes are identified in the WAT of obese humans. However, it remains to be determined if the autoantibodies formed during obesity affect WAT remodeling and systemic insulin resistance. Here, we show that IgG autoantibodies are generated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice that bind to apoptotic adipocytes and promote their phagocytosis by macrophages. Next, using murine models of obesity in which the gonadal WAT undergoes remodeling, we found that BAFF neutralization depleted IgG autoantibodies, increased the number of dead adipocytes, and exacerbated WAT inflammation and insulin resistance. RNA sequencing of the stromal vascular fraction from the WAT revealed decreased expression of immunoglobulin light-chain and heavy-chain variable genes suggesting a decreased repertoire of B cells after BAFF neutralization. Further, the B cell activation and the phagocytosis pathways were impaired in the WAT of BAFF-neutralized mice. In vitro, plasma IgG fractions from BAFF-neutralized mice reduced the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic adipocytes. Altogether, our study suggests that IgG autoantibodies developed during obesity, at least in part, dampens exacerbated WAT inflammation and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Lempicki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Jake A. Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Gabriel Abuna
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ramiro M. Murata
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Akshaya K. Meher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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30
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Haruna NF, Berdnikovs S, Nie Z. Eosinophil biology from the standpoint of metabolism: implications for metabolic disorders and asthma. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:288-296. [PMID: 38700084 PMCID: PMC11288379 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils, recognized for their immune and remodeling functions and participation in allergic inflammation, have recently garnered attention due to their impact on host metabolism, especially in the regulation of adipose tissue. Eosinophils are now known for their role in adipocyte beiging, adipokine secretion, and adipose tissue inflammation. This intricate interaction involves complex immune and metabolic processes, carrying significant implications for systemic metabolic health. Importantly, the interplay between eosinophils and adipocytes is bidirectional, revealing the dynamic nature of the immune-metabolic axis in adipose tissue. While the homeostatic regulatory role of eosinophils in adipose tissue is appreciated, this relationship in the context of obesity or allergic inflammation is much less understood. Mechanistic details of eosinophil-adipose interactions, especially the direct regulation of adipocytes by eosinophils, are also lacking. Another poorly understood aspect is the metabolism of the eosinophils themselves, encompassing metabolic shifts during eosinophil subset transitions in different tissue microenvironments, along with potential effects of host metabolism on the programming of eosinophil hematopoiesis and the resulting plasticity. This review consolidates recent research in this emerging and fascinating frontier of eosinophil investigation, identifying unexplored areas and presenting innovative perspectives on eosinophil biology in the context of metabolic disorders and associated health conditions, including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana-Fatima Haruna
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 East Huron, McGaw M309, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 East Huron, McGaw M309, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Zhenying Nie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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Zhu G, Cao L, Wu J, Xu M, Zhang Y, Wu M, Li J. Co-morbid intersections of cancer and cardiovascular disease and targets for natural drug action: Reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116875. [PMID: 38850662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality, and their seemingly separate pathologies are intricately intertwined. In the context of cancer, the cardiovascular disease encompasses not only the side effects arising from anti-tumor treatments but also the metabolic shifts induced by oncological conditions. A growing body of research indicates that lipid metabolic reprogramming serves as a distinctive hallmark of tumors. Furthermore, anomalies in lipid metabolism play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study delves into the cardiac implications of lipid metabolic reprogramming within the cancer context, closely examining abnormalities in lipid metabolism present in tumors, cardiac tissue, and immune cells within the microenvironment. Additionally, we examined risk factors such as obesity and anti-tumor therapy. Despite progress, a gap remains in the availability of drugs targeting lipid metabolism modulation for treating tumors and mitigating cardiac risk, with limited advancement seen in prior studies. Here, we present a review of previous research on natural drugs that exhibit both shared and distinct therapeutic effects on tumors and cardiac health by modulating lipid metabolism. Our aim is to provide insights for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Luchang Cao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Chirivi M, Cortes D, Rendon CJ, Contreras GA. Lipolysis inhibition as a treatment of clinical ketosis in dairy cows: Effects on adipose tissue metabolic and immune responses. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5104-5121. [PMID: 38278290 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Dairy cows with clinical ketosis (CK) exhibit excessive adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis and systemic inflammation. Lipolysis in cows can be induced by the canonical (hormonally induced) and inflammatory lipolytic pathways. Currently, the most common treatment for CK is oral propylene glycol (PG); however, PG does not reduce lipolysis or inflammation. Niacin (NIA) can reduce the activation of canonical lipolysis, whereas cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as flunixin meglumine (FM) can limit inflammation and inhibit the inflammatory lipolytic pathway. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of including NIA and FM in the standard PG treatment for postpartum CK on AT function. Multiparous Jersey cows (n = 18; 7.1 ± 3.8 DIM) were selected from a commercial dairy. Inclusion criteria were CK symptoms (lethargy, depressed appetite, and drop in milk yield) and high blood levels of BHB (≥1.2 mmol/L). Cows with CK were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments: (1) PG: 310 g administered orally once per day for 5 d, (2) PG+NIA: 24 g administered orally once per day for 3 d, and (3) PG+NIA+FM: 1.1 mg/kg administered IV once per day for 3 d. Healthy control cows (HC; n = 6) matched by lactation and DIM (±2 d) were sampled. Subcutaneous AT explants were collected at d 0 and d 7 relative to enrollment. To assess AT insulin sensitivity, explants were treated with insulin (1 µL/L) during lipolysis stimulation with a β-adrenergic receptor agonist (isoproterenol, 1 µM). Lipolysis was quantified by glycerol release in the media. Lipid mobilization and inflammatory gene networks were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Protein biomarkers of lipolysis, insulin signaling, and AT inflammation, including hormone-sensitive lipase, protein kinase B (Akt), and ERK1/2, were quantified by capillary immunoassays. Flow cytometry of AT cellular components was used to characterize macrophage inflammatory phenotypes. Statistical significance was determined by a nonparametric t-test when 2 groups (HC vs. CK) were analyzed and an ANOVA test with Tukey adjustment when 3 treatment groups (PG vs. PG+NIA vs. PG+NIA+FM) were evaluated. At d 0, AT from CK cows showed higher mRNA expression of lipolytic enzymes ABHD5, LIPE, and LPL, as well as increased phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase compared with HC. At d 0, insulin reduced lipolysis by 41% ± 8% in AT from HC, but CK cows were unresponsive (-2.9 ± 4%). Adipose tissue from CK cows exhibited reduced Akt phosphorylation compared with HC. Cows with CK had increased AT expression of inflammatory gene markers, including CCL2, IL8, IL10, TLR4, and TNF, along with ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Adipose tissue from CK cows showed increased macrophage infiltration compared with HC. By d 7, AT from PG+NIA+FM cows had a more robust response to insulin, as evidenced by reduced glycerol release (36.5% ± 8% compared with PG at 26.9% ± 7% and PG+NIA at 7.4% ± 8%) and enhanced phosphorylation of Akt. By d 7, PG+NIA+FM cows presented lower inflammatory markers, including ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and reduced macrophage infiltration, compared with PG and PG+NIA. These data suggest that including NIA and FM in CK treatment improves AT insulin sensitivity and reduces AT inflammation and macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chirivi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Daniela Cortes
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - C Javier Rendon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
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Paneru BD, Chini J, McCright SJ, DeMarco N, Miller J, Joannas LD, Henao-Mejia J, Titchenell PM, Merrick DM, Lim HW, Lazar MA, Hill DA. Myeloid-derived miR-6236 potentiates adipocyte insulin signaling and prevents hyperglycemia during obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5394. [PMID: 38918428 PMCID: PMC11199588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) influence obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, but the mechanisms by which they do so are not well understood. We show that miR-6236 is a bona fide miRNA that is secreted by ATMs during obesity. Global or myeloid cell-specific deletion of miR-6236 aggravates obesity-associated adipose tissue insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. miR-6236 augments adipocyte insulin sensitivity by inhibiting translation of negative regulators of insulin signaling, including PTEN. The human genome harbors a miR-6236 homolog that is highly expressed in the serum and adipose tissue of obese people. hsa-MIR-6236 expression negatively correlates with hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, and positively correlates with insulin sensitivity. Together, our findings establish miR-6236 as an ATM-secreted miRNA that potentiates adipocyte insulin signaling and protects against metabolic dysfunction during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bam D Paneru
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Chini
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam J McCright
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole DeMarco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonel D Joannas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Schleh MW, Ameka M, Rodriguez A, Hasty AH. Deficiency of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin receptor, CD163, worsens insulin sensitivity in obese male mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596887. [PMID: 38895370 PMCID: PMC11185572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Excessive iron accumulation in metabolic organs such as the adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle is associated with increased diabetes risk. Tissue-resident macrophages serve multiple roles including managing inflammatory tone and regulating parachymal iron homeostasis; thus protecting against metabolic dysfunction upon iron overload. The scavenger receptor CD163 is uniquely present on tissue-resident macrophages, and plays a significant role in iron homeostasis by clearing extracellular hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes, thereby limiting oxidative damage caused by free hemoglobin in metabolic tissues. We show that the absence of CD163 exacerbates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male mice with obesity. Additionally, loss of CD163 reduced the expression of iron regulatory genes (Tfr1, Cisd1, Slc40a1) in adipose tissue macrophages and anti-inflammatory (M2-like) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Further, CD163 deficiency mediated a pro-inflammatory shift and limited hemoglobin scavenging specifically in M2-like BMDMs. To this end, iron buffering was diminished in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) macrophages in vivo, which culminated in iron spillover into adipocytes and CD45+CD11B- non-myeloid immune cells in iWAT. These findings show that CD163 on tissue-resident macrophages is critical for their anti-inflammatory and hemoglobin scavenging roles, and its absence results in impaired systemic insulin action in an obese setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alec Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System; Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Wang F, Baverel V, Chaumonnot K, Bourragat A, Bellenger J, Bellenger S, Zhou W, Narce M, Garrido C, Kohli E. The endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP94 modulates cathepsin L activity in M2 macrophages in conditions of obesity-associated inflammation and contributes to their pro-inflammatory profile. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:830-840. [PMID: 38351251 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are key actors in the pathophysiology of obesity-related diseases. They have a unique intermediate M2-M1 phenotype which has been linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We previously reported that human M2 macrophages treated with the ER stress inducer thapsigargin switched to a pro-inflammatory phenotype that depended on the stress protein GRP94. In these conditions, GRP94 promoted cathepsin L secretion and was co-secreted with complement C3. As cathepsin L and complement C3 have been reported to play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity, in this work we studied the involvement of GRP94 in the pro-inflammatory phenotype of ATM. METHODS GRP94, cathepsin L and C3 expression were analyzed in CD206 + ATM from mice, WT or obesity-resistant transgenic fat-1, fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard diet. GRP94 colocalization with cathepsin L and C3 and its effects were analyzed in human primary macrophages using thapsigargin as a control to induce ER stress and palmitic acid (PA) as a driver of metabolic activation. RESULTS In WT, but not in fat-1 mice, fed a HFD, we observed an increase in crown-like structures consisting of CD206 + pSTAT1+ macrophages showing high expression of GRP94 that colocalized with cathepsin L and C3. In vitro experiments showed that PA favored a M2-M1 switch depending on GRP94. This switch was prevented by omega-3 fatty acids. PA-induced GRP94-cathepsin L colocalization and a decrease in cathepsin L enzymatic activity within the cells (while the enzymatic activity in the extracellular medium was increased). These effects were prevented by the GRP94 inhibitor PU-WS13. CONCLUSIONS GRP94 is overexpressed in macrophages both in in vivo and in vitro conditions of obesity-associated inflammation and is involved in changing their profile towards a more pro-inflammatory profile. It colocalizes with complement C3 and cathepsin L and modulates cathepsin L activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Wang
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Valentin Baverel
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - Killian Chaumonnot
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - Amina Bourragat
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jerome Bellenger
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sandrine Bellenger
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Michel Narce
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team Lipness, Labellisée Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences Vie Terre Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France
- Centre Anti-Cancéreux Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evelyne Kohli
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, UBFC, Dijon, France.
- CHU, Dijon, France.
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Yu X, Benitez G, Wei PT, Krylova SV, Song Z, Liu L, Zhang M, Xiaoli AM, Wei H, Chen F, Sidoli S, Yang F, Shinoda K, Pessin JE, Feng D. Involution of brown adipose tissue through a Syntaxin 4 dependent pyroptosis pathway. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2856. [PMID: 38565851 PMCID: PMC10987578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging, chronic high-fat diet feeding, or housing at thermoneutrality induces brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, a process characterized by reduction of BAT mass and function with increased lipid droplet size. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of aged mice identifies a specific brown adipocyte population of Ucp1-low cells that are pyroptotic and display a reduction in the longevity gene syntaxin 4 (Stx4a). Similar to aged brown adipocytes, Ucp1-STX4KO mice display loss of brown adipose tissue mass and thermogenic dysfunction concomitant with increased pyroptosis. Restoration of STX4 expression or suppression of pyroptosis activation protects against the decline in both mass and thermogenic activity in the aged and Ucp1-STX4KO mice. Mechanistically, STX4 deficiency reduces oxidative phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and glycolysis leading to reduced ATP levels, a known triggering signal for pyroptosis. Together, these data demonstrate an understanding of rapid brown adipocyte involution and that physiologic aging and thermogenic dysfunction result from pyroptotic signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gabrielle Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Peter Tszki Wei
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sofia V Krylova
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ziyi Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Meifan Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Henna Wei
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fenfen Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650244, China
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fajun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Daorong Feng
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Zaid A, Ariel A. Harnessing anti-inflammatory pathways and macrophage nano delivery to treat inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115204. [PMID: 38342241 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Targeting specific organs and cell types using nanotechnology and sophisticated delivery methods has been at the forefront of applicative biomedical sciences lately. Macrophages are an appealing target for immunomodulation by nanodelivery as they are heavily involved in various aspects of many diseases and are highly plastic in their nature. Their continuum of functional "polarization" states has been a research focus for many years yielding a profound understanding of various aspects of these cells. The ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to metamorphose from pro-inflammatory to reparative and consequently to pro-resolving effectors has raised significant interest in its therapeutic potential. Here, we briefly survey macrophages' ontogeny and various polarization phenotypes, highlighting their function in the inflammation-resolution shift. We review their inducing mediators, signaling pathways, and biological programs with emphasis on the nucleic acid sensing-IFN-I axis. We also portray the polarization spectrum of macrophages and the characteristics of their transition between different subtypes. Finally, we highlighted different current drug delivery methods for targeting macrophages with emphasis on nanotargeting that might lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of wound healing, bone regeneration, autoimmune, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaid
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel.
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38
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Peng C, Chen J, Wu R, Jiang H, Li J. Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview. Front Med 2024; 18:205-236. [PMID: 38165533 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages, a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases. The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects, inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation, impaired thermogenesis, and adipose tissue fibrosis. Meanwhile, adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis, facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes, and promoting mitochondrial transfer. Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Recently, the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity, as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages, aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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39
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Choi C, Jeong YL, Park KM, Kim M, Kim S, Jo H, Lee S, Kim H, Choi G, Choi YH, Seong JK, Namgoong S, Chung Y, Jung YS, Granneman JG, Hyun YM, Kim JK, Lee YH. TM4SF19-mediated control of lysosomal activity in macrophages contributes to obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2779. [PMID: 38555350 PMCID: PMC10981689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) adapts to overnutrition in a complex process, wherein specialized immune cells remove and replace dysfunctional and stressed adipocytes with new fat cells. Among immune cells recruited to AT, lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) have emerged as key players in obesity and in diseases involving lipid stress and inflammation. Here, we show that LAMs selectively express transmembrane 4 L six family member 19 (TM4SF19), a lysosomal protein that represses acidification through its interaction with Vacuolar-ATPase. Inactivation of TM4SF19 elevates lysosomal acidification and accelerates the clearance of dying/dead adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. TM4SF19 deletion reduces the LAM accumulation and increases the proportion of restorative macrophages in AT of male mice fed a high-fat diet. Importantly, male mice lacking TM4SF19 adapt to high-fat feeding through adipocyte hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy. This adaptation significantly improves local and systemic insulin sensitivity, and energy expenditure, offering a potential avenue to combat obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin L Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung-Min Park
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangseob Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghyun Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), and Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Namgoong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yeyeodu S, Hanafi D, Webb K, Laurie NA, Kimbro KS. Population-enriched innate immune variants may identify candidate gene targets at the intersection of cancer and cardio-metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1286979. [PMID: 38577257 PMCID: PMC10991756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Both cancer and cardio-metabolic disease disparities exist among specific populations in the US. For example, African Americans experience the highest rates of breast and prostate cancer mortality and the highest incidence of obesity. Native and Hispanic Americans experience the highest rates of liver cancer mortality. At the same time, Pacific Islanders have the highest death rate attributed to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and Asian Americans experience the highest incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cancers induced by infectious agents. Notably, the pathologic progression of both cancer and cardio-metabolic diseases involves innate immunity and mechanisms of inflammation. Innate immunity in individuals is established through genetic inheritance and external stimuli to respond to environmental threats and stresses such as pathogen exposure. Further, individual genomes contain characteristic genetic markers associated with one or more geographic ancestries (ethnic groups), including protective innate immune genetic programming optimized for survival in their corresponding ancestral environment(s). This perspective explores evidence related to our working hypothesis that genetic variations in innate immune genes, particularly those that are commonly found but unevenly distributed between populations, are associated with disparities between populations in both cancer and cardio-metabolic diseases. Identifying conventional and unconventional innate immune genes that fit this profile may provide critical insights into the underlying mechanisms that connect these two families of complex diseases and offer novel targets for precision-based treatment of cancer and/or cardio-metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yeyeodu
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
- Charles River Discovery Services, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Donia Hanafi
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kenisha Webb
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nikia A. Laurie
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K. Sean Kimbro
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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41
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Kado T, Nishimura A, Tobe K. History and future perspectives of adipose tissue macrophage biology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373182. [PMID: 38562458 PMCID: PMC10982364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to adipose tissue homeostasis; however, they are also thought to be responsible for insulin resistance in obesity. Macrophages, which were oversimplified in past methodologies, have become rather difficult to understand comprehensively as recent developments in research methodology have revealed their diversity. This review highlights recent studies on adipose tissue macrophages, identifies controversial issues that need to be resolved and proposes a scenario for further development of adipose tissue macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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42
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Niu X, Zhang Y, Lai Z, Huang X, Guo L, Lu F, Yuan Y, Gao J, Chang Q. Lipolysis inhibition improves the survival of fat grafts through ameliorating lipotoxicity and inflammation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23520. [PMID: 38430369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302090r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Fat grafting is a promising technique for correcting soft tissue abnormalities, but oil cyst formation and graft fibrosis frequently impede the therapeutic benefit of fat grafting. The lipolysis of released oil droplets after grafting may make the inflammation and fibrosis in the grafts worse; therefore, by regulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) via Atglistatin (ATG) and Forskolin (FSK), we investigated the impact of lipolysis on fat grafts in this study. After being removed from the mice and chopped into small pieces, the subcutaneous fat from wild-type C57BL/6J mice was placed in three different solutions for two hours: serum-free cell culture medium, culture medium+FSK (50 μM), and culture medium+ATG (100 μM). Following centrifugation to remove water and free oil droplets, 0.3 mL of the fat particles per mouse was subcutaneously injected into the back of mice. Additionally, the subcutaneous fat grafting area was immediately injected with PBS (control group), ATG (30 mg/kg), and FSK (15 mg/kg) following fat transplantation. Detailed cellular events after grafting were investigated by histological staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescent staining, and quantification. Two weeks after grafting, grafts treated with ATG showed lower expression of ATGL and decreased mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-6. In contrast, grafts treated with ATG showed elevated expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13 compared to the control grafts. In addition, fewer apoptotic cells and oil cysts were observed in ATG grafts. Meanwhile, a higher CD206+/CD68+ ratio of macrophages and more CD31+ vascular endothelial cells existed in the 2-month ATG grafts. In comparison to the control, ATG treatment improved the volume retention of grafts, and decreased graft fibrosis and oil cyst formation. By preventing oil droplet lipolysis, pharmacological suppression of ATGL shielded adipocytes from lipotoxicity following grafting. Additionally, ATG ameliorated the apoptosis and inflammation brought on by adipocyte death and oil droplet lipolysis in grafted fat. These all indicate that lipolysis inhibition improved transplanted fat survival and decreased the development of oil cysts and graft fibrosis, offering a potential postoperative pharmacological intervention for bettering fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtang Niu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuhao Lai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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43
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Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38433280 PMCID: PMC10910037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 424.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TLR signaling. The physiological and pathological states of NF-κB signaling, as well as its intricate involvement in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, we illustrate how NF-κB signaling is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. Further, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB signaling, including IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, nuclear translocation inhibitors, DNA binding inhibitors, TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and CAR-T. Finally, we provide an outlook for research in the field of NF-κB signaling. We hope to present a stereoscopic, comprehensive NF-κB signaling that will inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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44
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Radványi Á, Röszer T. Interleukin-6: An Under-Appreciated Inducer of Thermogenic Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2810. [PMID: 38474057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is a key factor leading to obesity-associated immune disorders, such as insulin resistance, beta cell loss in the pancreatic islets, meta-inflammation, and autoimmunity. Inhibiting adipose tissue inflammation is considered a straightforward approach to abrogate these diseases. However, recent findings show that certain pro-inflammatory cytokines are essential for the proper differentiation and functioning of adipocytes. Lipolysis is stimulated, and the thermogenic competence of adipocytes is unlocked by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that was initially recognized as a key trigger of adipose tissue inflammation. Coherently, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is a signal transducer for IL-6, is necessary for thermogenic adipocyte development. Given the impact of thermogenic adipocytes in increasing energy expenditure and reducing body adiposity, functions of IL-6 in the adipose tissue have gained attention recently. In this review, we show that IL-6 signaling may protect from excess fat accumulation by stimulating thermogenesis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Radványi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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45
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Kang H, Lee J. Adipose tissue macrophage heterogeneity in the single-cell genomics era. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100031. [PMID: 38354858 PMCID: PMC10960114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It is now well-accepted that obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A key source of the inflammation is the murine epididymal and human visceral adipose tissue. The current paradigm is that obesity activates multiple proinflammatory immune cell types in adipose tissue, including adipose-tissue macrophages (ATMs), T Helper 1 (Th1) T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, while concomitantly suppressing anti-inflammatory immune cells such as T Helper 2 (Th2) T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). A key feature of the current paradigm is that obesity induces the anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs in lean adipose tissue to polarize into proinflammatory M1 ATMs. However, recent single-cell transcriptomics studies suggest that the story is much more complex. Here we describe the single-cell genomics technologies that have been developed recently and the emerging results from studies using these technologies. While further studies are needed, it is clear that ATMs are highly heterogeneous. Moreover, while a variety of ATM clusters with quite distinct features have been found to be expanded by obesity, none truly resemble classical M1 ATMs. It is likely that single-cell transcriptomics technology will further revolutionize the field, thereby promoting our understanding of ATMs, adipose-tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance and accelerating the development of therapies for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Kang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS) and Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jongsoon Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS) and Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.
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46
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Zhou G, Zhang L, Shao S. The application of MARCO for immune regulation and treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:246. [PMID: 38300385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage receptor with collagen structure (MARCO) is a member of scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and shares structural and functional similarities with SR-A1. In recent years, many studies have shown that MARCO can trigger an immune response and has therapeutic potential as a target for immunotherapy. Studies have shown that alterations in MARCO expression following pathogen infection cause changes in the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells, affecting the body's immune response to invading pathogens; thus, MARCO plays a crucial role in triggering the immune response, bridging innate and adaptive immunity, and eliminating pathogens. This paper is a comprehensive summary of the recent research on MARCO. This review focuses on the multiple functions of MARCO, including adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion with special emphasis on the complex interactions between MARCO and various types of cells involved in the immune response, as well as possible immune-related mechanisms. In summary, in this review, we discuss the structure and function of MARCO and its role in the immune response and highlight the therapeutic potential of MARCO as a target for immunotherapy. We hope that this review provides a theoretical basis for future research on MARCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Vocational College of City Economy, No. 12, Wenming Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Suxia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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47
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Bianco V, Kratky D. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B (GPNMB): The Missing Link Between Lysosomes and Obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:639-645. [PMID: 37956971 PMCID: PMC10700020 DOI: 10.1055/a-2192-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
As a result of an unhealthy diet and limited physical activity, obesity has become a widespread pandemic worldwide and is an important predictor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Obesity is often characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment in white adipose tissue (WAT), mainly due to increased macrophage infiltration. These immune cells boost their lipid concentrations by accumulating the content of dying adipocytes. As the lysosome is highly involved in lipid handling, the progressive lipid accumulation may result in lysosomal stress and a metabolic shift. Recent studies have identified glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) as a novel marker of inflammatory diseases. GPNMB is a type I transmembrane protein on the cell surface of various cell types, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, osteoblasts, and microglia, from which it can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble molecule. It is induced by lysosomal stress via microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and thus has been found to be upregulated in many lysosomal storage disorders. In addition, a clear connection between GPNMB and obesity was recently established. GPNMB was shown to have protective and anti-inflammatory effects in most cases, preventing the progression of obesity-related metabolic disorders. In contrast, soluble GPNMB likely has the opposite effect and promotes lipogenesis in WAT. This review aims to summarize and clarify the role of GPNMB in the progression of obesity and to highlight its potential use as a biomarker for lipid-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry,
Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry,
Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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48
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Méndez N, Corvalan F, Halabi D, Ehrenfeld P, Maldonado R, Vergara K, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. From gestational chronodisruption to noncommunicable diseases: Pathophysiological mechanisms of programming of adult diseases, and the potential therapeutic role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12908. [PMID: 37650128 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
During gestation, the developing fetus relies on precise maternal circadian signals for optimal growth and preparation for extrauterine life. These signals regulate the daily delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biophysical factors while synchronizing fetal rhythms with the external photoperiod. However, modern lifestyle factors such as light pollution and shift work can induce gestational chronodisruption, leading to the desynchronization of maternal and fetal circadian rhythms. Such disruptions have been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and endocrine functions in the fetus, increasing the susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adult life. This aligns with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, suggesting that early-life exposures can significantly influence health outcomes later in life. The consequences of gestational chronodisruption also extend into adulthood. Environmental factors like diet and stress can exacerbate the adverse effects of these disruptions, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm across the lifespan to prevent NCDs and mitigate the impact of gestational chronodisruption on aging. Research efforts are currently aimed at identifying potential interventions to prevent or mitigate the effects of gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy emerges as a promising intervention, although further investigation is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms involved and to develop effective strategies for promoting health and preventing NCDs in individuals affected by gestational chronodisruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Méndez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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49
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Poursharifi P, Schmitt C, Chenier I, Leung YH, Oppong AK, Bai Y, Klein LL, Al-Mass A, Lussier R, Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J, Al-Mulla F, Peyot ML, Madiraju SRM, Prentki M. ABHD6 suppression promotes anti-inflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages via 2-monoacylglycerol/PPAR signaling in obese mice. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101822. [PMID: 37838014 PMCID: PMC10622714 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pro-inflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated chronic inflammation. However, little is known about the role of lipids in the regulation of ATMs polarity and inflammation in response to metabolic stress. Deletion of α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), a monoacylglycerol (MAG) hydrolase, has been shown to protect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. METHODS Here we investigated the immunometabolic role of macrophage ABHD6 in response to nutrient excess using whole-body ABHD6-KO mice and human and murine macrophage cell-lines treated with KT203, a selective and potent pharmacological ABHD6 inhibitor. RESULTS KO mice on high-fat diet showed lower susceptibility to systemic diet-induced inflammation. Moreover, in the setting of overnutrition, stromal vascular cells from gonadal fat of KO vs. control mice contained lower number of M1 macrophages and exhibited enhanced levels of metabolically activated macrophages (MMe) and M2 markers, oxygen consumption, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. Likewise, under in vitro nutri-stress condition, inhibition of ABHD6 in MMe-polarized macrophages attenuated the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and M1 markers and induced the upregulation of lipid metabolism genes. ABHD6-inhibited MMe macrophages showed elevated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and 2-MAG species. Notably, among different MAG species, only 2-MAG treatment led to increased levels of PPAR target genes in MMe macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings identify ABHD6 as a key component of pro-inflammatory macrophage activation in response to excess nutrition and implicate an endogenous macrophage lipolysis/ABHD6/2-MAG/PPARs cascade, as a lipid signaling and immunometabolic pathway, which favors the anti-inflammatory polarization of ATMs in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poursharifi
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - C Schmitt
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - I Chenier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Y H Leung
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - A K Oppong
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Y Bai
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - L-L Klein
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - A Al-Mass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - R Lussier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Abu-Farha
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - J Abubaker
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - F Al-Mulla
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - M-L Peyot
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - S R M Madiraju
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Prentki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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Schleh MW, Caslin HL, Garcia JN, Mashayekhi M, Srivastava G, Bradley AB, Hasty AH. Metaflammation in obesity and its therapeutic targeting. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf9382. [PMID: 37992150 PMCID: PMC10847980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation is a systemic process that affects all metabolic organs. Prominent among these is adipose tissue, where cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are markedly changed in obesity, implicating these cells in a range of processes linking immune memory to metabolic regulation. Furthermore, weight loss and weight cycling have unexpected effects on adipose tissue immune populations. Here, we review the current literature on the roles of various immune cells in lean and obese adipose tissue. Within this context, we discuss pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to obesity treatment and their impact on systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heather L. Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jamie N. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gitanjali Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
| | - Anna B. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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