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Zhu Y, Liu W, Qi Z. Adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis under physiologically energetic challenges: a remodelled thermogenic system. J Physiol 2024; 602:23-48. [PMID: 38019069 DOI: 10.1113/jp285269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are often thought to be caused by reduced energy expenditure, which poses a serious threat to human health. Cold exposure, exercise and caloric restriction have been shown to promote adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. These physiological interventions increase energy expenditure and thus have emerged as promising strategies for mitigating metabolic disorders. However, that increased adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis elevate thermogenic consumption is not a reasonable explanation when humans and animals confront energetic challenges imposed by these interventions. In this review, we collected numerous results on adipose tissue browning and whitening and evaluated this bi-directional conversion of adipocytes from the perspective of energy homeostasis. Here, we propose a new interpretation of the role of adipose tissue browning under energetic challenges: increased adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis under energy challenge is not to enhance energy expenditure, but to reestablish a more economical thermogenic pattern to maintain the core body temperature. This can be achieved by enhancing the contribution of non-shivering thermogenesis (adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis) and lowering shivering thermogenesis and high intensity shivering. Consequently, the proportion of heat production in fat increases and that in skeletal muscle decreases, enabling skeletal muscle to devote more energy reserves to overcoming environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Oliveras-Cañellas N, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Lorenzo PM, Garrido-Sánchez L, Becerril S, Rangel O, Latorre J, de la Calle Vargas E, Pardo M, Valentí V, Romero-Cabrera JL, Oliva-Olivera W, Silva C, Diéguez C, Villarroya F, López M, Crujeiras AB, Seoane LM, López-Miranda J, Frühbeck G, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-Real JM. Downregulated Adipose Tissue Expression of Browning Genes With Increased Environmental Temperatures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e145-e154. [PMID: 37560997 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Climate change and global warming have been hypothesized to influence the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. However, the evidence is scarce. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate how outside temperature might affect adipose tissue physiology and metabolic traits. METHODS The expression of genes involved in thermogenesis/browning and adipogenesis were evaluated (through quantitative polymerase chain reaction) in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from 1083 individuals recruited in 5 different regions of Spain (3 in the North and 2 in the South). Plasma biochemical variables and adiponectin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were collected through standardized protocols. Mean environmental outdoor temperatures were obtained from the National Agency of Meteorology. Univariate, multivariate, and artificial intelligence analyses (Boruta algorithm) were performed. RESULTS The SAT expression of genes associated with browning (UCP1, PRDM16, and CIDEA) and ADIPOQ were significantly and negatively associated with minimum, average, and maximum temperatures. The latter temperatures were also negatively associated with the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis (FASN, SLC2A4, and PLIN1). Decreased SAT expression of UCP1 and ADIPOQ messenger RNA and circulating adiponectin were observed with increasing temperatures in all individuals as a whole and within participants with obesity in univariate, multivariate, and artificial intelligence analyses. The differences remained statistically significant in individuals without type 2 diabetes and in samples collected during winter. CONCLUSION Decreased adipose tissue expression of genes involved in browning and adiponectin with increased environmental temperatures were observed. Given the North-South gradient of obesity prevalence in these same regions, the present observations could have implications for the relationship of the obesity pandemic with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paula M Lorenzo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Epigenomics in Endocinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29590, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Obesity Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31009, Spain
| | - Oriol Rangel
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Nutrigenomics, Metabolic Syndrome Department, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Elena de la Calle Vargas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Maria Pardo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (IDIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Victor Valentí
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Obesity Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31009, Spain
| | - Juan L Romero-Cabrera
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Nutrigenomics, Metabolic Syndrome Department, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29590, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Obesity Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31009, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Insitut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Epigenomics in Endocinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Luisa-Maria Seoane
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Nutrigenomics, Metabolic Syndrome Department, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Obesity Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31009, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29590, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona 17007, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Sang X, Li S, Guo R, Yan Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Lv Q, Wu L, Ma J, You W, Feng L, Sun W. Dynamics and ecological reassembly of the human gut microbiome and the host metabolome in response to prolonged fasting. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1265425. [PMID: 37854337 PMCID: PMC10579591 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged fasting is an intervention approach with potential benefits for individuals with obesity or metabolic disorders. Changes in gut microbiota during and after fasting may also have significant effects on the human body. Methods Here we conducted a 7-days medically supervised water-only fasting for 46 obese volunteers and characterized their gut microbiota based on whole-metagenome sequencing of feces at five timepoints. Results Substantial changes in the gut microbial diversity and composition were observed during fasting, with rapid restoration after fasting. The ecological pattern of the microbiota was also reassembled during fasting, reflecting the reduced metabolic capacity of diet-derived carbohydrates, while other metabolic abilities such as degradation of glycoproteins, amino acids, lipids, and organic acid metabolism, were enhanced. We identified a group of species that responded significantly to fasting, including 130 fasting-resistant (consisting of a variety of members of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria) and 140 fasting-sensitive bacteria (mainly consisting of Firmicutes members). Functional comparison of the fasting-responded bacteria untangled the associations of taxon-specific functions (e.g., pentose phosphate pathway modules, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and folate biosynthesis) with fasting. Furthermore, we found that the serum and urine metabolomes of individuals were also substantially changed across the fasting procedure, and particularly, these changes were largely affected by the fasting-responded bacteria in the gut microbiota. Discussion Overall, our findings delineated the patterns of gut microbiota alterations under prolonged fasting, which will boost future mechanistic and clinical intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopu Sang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Qiulong Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changxi Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei You
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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4
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Marjot T, Tomlinson JW, Hodson L, Ray DW. Timing of energy intake and the therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in NAFLD. Gut 2023; 72:1607-1619. [PMID: 37286229 PMCID: PMC10359613 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major public health concern and is associated with a substantial global burden of liver-related and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. High total energy intake coupled with unhealthy consumption of ultra-processed foods and saturated fats have long been regarded as major dietary drivers of NAFLD. However, there is an accumulating body of evidence demonstrating that the timing of energy intake across a the day is also an important determinant of individual risk for NAFLD and associated metabolic conditions. This review summarises the available observational and epidemiological data describing associations between eating patterns and metabolic disease, including the negative effects of irregular meal patterns, skipping breakfast and night-time eating on liver health. We suggest that that these harmful behaviours deserve greater consideration in the risk stratification and management of patients with NAFLD particularly in a 24-hour society with continuous availability of food and with up to 20% of the population now engaged in shiftwork with mistimed eating patterns. We also draw on studies reporting the liver-specific impact of Ramadan, which represents a unique real-world opportunity to explore the physiological impact of fasting. By highlighting data from preclinical and pilot human studies, we present a further biological rationale for manipulating timing of energy intake to improve metabolic health and discuss how this may be mediated through restoration of natural circadian rhythms. Lastly, we comprehensively review the landscape of human trials of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in metabolic disease and offer a look to the future about how these dietary strategies may benefit patients with NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Liver Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Gopan G, Jose J, Khot KB, Bandiwadekar A. The use of cellulose, chitosan and hyaluronic acid in transdermal therapeutic management of obesity: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125374. [PMID: 37330096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a clinical condition with rising popularity and detrimental impacts on human health. According to the World Health Organization, obesity is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide. It is challenging to combat obesity because medications that are successful in the clinical investigation have harmful side effects when administered orally. The conventional approaches for treating obesity primarily entail synthetic compounds and surgical techniques but possess severe adverse effects and recurrences. As a result, a safe and effective strategy to combat obesity must be initiated. Recent studies have shown that biological macromolecules of the carbohydrate class, such as cellulose, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan, can enhance the release and efficacy of medications for obesity but due to their short biological half-lives and poor oral bioavailability, their distribution rate is affected. This helps to comprehend the need for an effective therapeutic approach via a transdermal drug delivery system. This review focuses on the transdermal administration, utilizing cellulose, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid via microneedles, as it offers a promising solution to overcome existing therapy limitations in managing obesity and it also highlights how microneedles can effectively deliver therapeutic substances through the skin's outer layer, bypassing pain receptors and specifically targeting adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika Gopan
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
| | - Kartik Bhairu Khot
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Akshay Bandiwadekar
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India
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Blondin DP. Human thermogenic adipose tissue. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102054. [PMID: 37269791 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human thermogenic adipose tissue has long been touted as a promising therapeutic target for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current knowledge of in vivo human thermogenic adipose tissue metabolism. We explore the evidence provided by retrospective and prospective studies describing the association of brown adipose tissue (BAT) [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation and various cardiometabolic risk factors. Although these studies have been invaluable in generating hypothesis, it has also raised some questions about the reliability of this method as an indicator of BAT thermogenic capacity. We discuss the evidence in support of human BAT functioning as a local thermogenic organ and energy sink, as an endocrine organ, and as a biomarker of adipose tissue health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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7
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Cruciani S, Garroni G, Pala R, Coradduzza D, Cossu ML, Ginesu GC, Capobianco G, Dessole S, Ventura C, Maioli M. Metformin and vitamin D modulate adipose-derived stem cell differentiation towards the beige phenotype. Adipocyte 2022; 11:356-365. [PMID: 35734882 PMCID: PMC9235891 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2085417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent an ideal stem cell population for regenerative medicine. ADSC adipogenic differentiation is controlled by the activation of a specific transcriptional program, including epigenetic factors and key adipogenic genes. Under certain conditioned media, ADSCs can differentiate into several phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that bioactive molecules could counteract lipid accumulation and regulate adipogenesis, acting on inflammation and vitamin D metabolism. In the present paper, we aimed at evaluating the effect of metformin and vitamin D in targeting ADSC differentiation towards an intermediate phenotype, as beige adipocytes. We exposed ADSCs to different conditioned media and then we evaluated the levels of expression of main markers of adipogenesis, aP2, LPL and ACOT2. We also analysed the gene and protein expression of thermogenic UCP1 protein, and the expression of PARP1 and the beige specific marker TMEM26. Our results showed a novel effect of metformin and vitamin D not only in inhibiting adipogenesis, but also in inducing a specific ‘brown-like’ phenotype. These findings pave the way for their possible application in the control of de novo lipogenesis useful for the prevention of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dessole
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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8
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Zhu Y, Qi Z, Ding S. Exercise-Induced Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Browning: How to Explain the Conflicting Findings? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13142. [PMID: 36361929 PMCID: PMC9657384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been widely studied in targeting against metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance due to its role in nutrient metabolism and energy regulation. Whether exercise promotes adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning remains controversial. The results from human and rodent studies contradict each other. In our opinion, fat thermogenesis or browning promoted by exercise should not be a biomarker of health benefits, but an adaptation under the stress between body temperature regulation and energy supply and expenditure of multiple organs. In this review, we discuss some factors that may contribute to conflicting experimental results, such as different thermoneutral zones, gender, training experience and the heterogeneity of fat depots. In addition, we explain that a redox state in cells potentially causes thermogenesis heterogeneity and different oxidation states of UCP1, which has led to the discrepancies noted in previous studies. We describe a network by which exercise orchestrates the browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue with total energy expenditure through multiple organs (muscle, brain, liver and adipose tissue) and multiple pathways (nerve, endocrine and metabolic products), providing a possible interpretation for the conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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9
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Martínez C, Latorre J, Ortega F, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Lluch A, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Díaz-Sáez F, Aragonés J, Camps M, Gumà A, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Serum neuregulin 4 is negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans and impairs mitochondrial respiration in HepG2 cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:950791. [PMID: 36187779 PMCID: PMC9521671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.950791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) has been described to improve metabolic disturbances linked to obesity status in rodent models. The findings in humans are controversial. We aimed to investigate circulating NRG4 in association with insulin action in humans and the possible mechanisms involved. Insulin sensitivity (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) and serum NRG4 concentration (ELISA) were analysed in subjects with a wide range of adiposity (n = 89). In vitro experiments with human HepG2 cell line were also performed. Serum NRG4 was negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = −0.25, p = 0.02) and positively with the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C reative protein (hsCRP). In fact, multivariant linear regression analyses showed that insulin sensitivity contributed to BMI-, age-, sex-, and hsCRP-adjusted 7.2% of the variance in serum NRG4 (p = 0.01). No significant associations were found with adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference or fat mass), plasma lipids (HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, or fasting triglycerides) or markers of liver injury. Cultured hepatocyte HepG2 treated with human recombinant NRG4 had an impact on hepatocyte metabolism, leading to decreased gluconeogenic- and mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expression, and reduced mitochondrial respiration, without effects on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Similar but more pronounced effects were found after neuregulin 1 administration. In conclusion, sustained higher serum levels of neuregulin-4, observed in insulin resistant patients may have deleterious effects on metabolic and mitochondrial function in hepatocytes. However, findings from in vitro experiments should be confirmed in human primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martínez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Manuel Fernández-Real, ; José María Moreno-Navarrete,
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Manuel Fernández-Real, ; José María Moreno-Navarrete,
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10
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Adipose Tissue Aging and Metabolic Disorder, and the Impact of Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153134. [PMID: 35956309 PMCID: PMC9370499 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the largest and most active endocrine organ, involved in regulating energy balance, glucose and lipid homeostasis and immune function. Adipose tissue aging processes are associated with brown adipose tissue whitening, white adipose tissue redistribution and ectopic deposition, resulting in an increase in age-related inflammatory factors, which then trigger a variety of metabolic syndromes, including diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Metabolic syndrome, in turn, is associated with increased inflammatory factors, all-cause mortality and cognitive impairment. There is a growing interest in the role of nutritional interventions in adipose tissue aging. Nowadays, research has confirmed that nutritional interventions, involving caloric restriction and the use of vitamins, resveratrol and other active substances, are effective in managing adipose tissue aging’s adverse effects, such as obesity. In this review we summarized age-related physiological characteristics of adipose tissue, and focused on what nutritional interventions can do in improving the retrogradation and how they do this.
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11
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Gille B, Galuska CE, Fuchs B, Peleg S. Recent Advances in Studying Age-Associated Lipids Alterations and Dietary Interventions in Mammals. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:773795. [PMID: 35822042 PMCID: PMC9261446 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.773795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are involved in a broad spectrum of canonical biological functions, from energy supply and storage by triacylglycerols to membrane formation by sphingolipids, phospholipids and glycolipids. Because of this wide range of functions, there is an overlap between age-associated processes and lipid pathways. Lipidome analysis revealed age-related changes in the lipid composition of various tissues in mice and humans, which were also influenced by diet and gender. Some changes in the lipid profile can be linked to the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, the excessive accumulation of lipid storage organelles, lipid droplets, has significant implications for the development of inflammaging and non-communicable age-related diseases. Dietary interventions such as caloric restriction, time-restrictive eating, and lipid supplementation have been shown to improve pertinent health metrics or even extend life span and thus modulate aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gille
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christina E Galuska
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Beate Fuchs
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Shahaf Peleg
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Altınova AE. Beige Adipocyte as the Flame of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Browning and Impact of Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1778-e1788. [PMID: 34967396 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β 3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and nonhormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Eroğlu Altınova
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Wang R, Jiang G, Aharodnikau UE, Yunusov K, Sun Y, Liu T, Solomevich SO. Recent advances in polymer microneedles for drug transdermal delivery: Design strategies and applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200037. [PMID: 35286762 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the transdermal drug delivery based on microneedles (MNs) technology has received extensive attention, which offers a safer and painless alternative to hypodermic needle injection. They can pierce the stratum corneum and deliver drugs to the epidermis and dermis-structures of skin, showing prominent properties such as minimally invasive, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and self-administered. A range of materials have been used to fabricate MNs, such as silicon, metal, glass, and polymers. Among them, polymer MNs have gained increasing attention from pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies as one of the promising drug delivery methods. Microneedle products have recently become available on the market, and some of them are under evaluation for efficacy and safety. This paper focuses on current state of polymer MNs in the drug transdermal delivery. The materials and methods for the fabrication of polymer MNs and their drug administration are described. The recent progresses of polymer MNs for treatment of cancer, vaccine delivery, blood glucose regulation, androgenetic alopecia, obesity, tissue healing, myocardial infarction and gout are reviewed. The challenges of MNs technology are summarized and the future development trend of MNs is also prospected. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Khaydar Yunusov
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Yanfang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sergey O Solomevich
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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14
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Bonfante ILP, Monfort-Pires M, Duft RG, da Silva Mateus KC, de Lima Júnior JC, Dos Santos Trombeta JC, Finardi EAR, Brunelli DT, Morari J, de Lima JAB, Bellotto ML, de Araújo TMF, Ramos CD, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Velloso LA, Cavaglieri CR. Combined training increases thermogenic fat activity in patients with overweight and type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1145-1154. [PMID: 35173278 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is an important strategy in the management of diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exercise acts, at least in part, by inducing the production of myokines that improve metabolic control and activate brown/beige adipose tissue depots. Combined training (CT) is recommended by the major diabetes guidelines due to its metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, however, its impact on brown/beige adipose tissue activities has never been tested in humans with overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we evaluated the effects of 16-week combined training (CT) program on brown adipose tissue activity; browning and autophagy markers, and serum pro-thermogenic/inflammatory inducers in patients with overweight and T2D. METHODS Thirty-four patients with overweight and T2D were assigned to either a control group (CG) or a combined training group (CTG) in a randomized and controlled study. Functional/fitness parameters, anthropometry/body composition parameters, blood hormone/biochemical parameters, thermogenic/autophagic gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue were evaluated before and at the end of the intervention. In addition, cold-induced 18-Fluoroxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was performed in the training group before and after the end of the intervention. RESULTS CT increased cervical/supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity (p = 0.03) as well as in perirenal adipose tissue (p = 0.02). In addition, CT increased the expression of genes related to thermogenic profile (TMEM26: + 95%, p = 0.04; and EPSTI1: + 26%, p = 0.03) and decreased autophagic genes (ULK1: -15%, p = 0.04; LC3: -5%, p = 0.02; and ATG4: -22%, p < 0.001) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. There were positive correlations between Δ% BAT activity with Δ% of post training energy expenditure cold exposure, HDL-c, IL4, adiponectin, irisin, meteorin-like, and TMEM26 and ZIC1 genes, besides negative correlations with LDL-c, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence of the beneficial actions of CT on adipose tissue thermogenic activity in humans, and it adds important support for the recommendation of CT as a strategy in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luiz Padilha Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. .,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Hortolândia campus, Hortolândia, SP, 13183-091, Brazil.
| | - Milena Monfort-Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Garbellini Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Keryma Chaves da Silva Mateus
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Lima Júnior
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Trevisan Brunelli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luisa Bellotto
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago Matos Ferreira de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Celso Darío Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | | | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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15
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Levy SB, Leonard WR. The evolutionary significance of human brown adipose tissue: Integrating the timescales of adaptation. Evol Anthropol 2021; 31:75-91. [PMID: 34910348 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While human adaptability is regarded as a classical topic in anthropology, recent work provides new insight into metabolic adaptations to cold climates and the role of phenotypic plasticity in human evolution. A growing body of literature demonstrates that adults retain brown adipose tissue (BAT) which may play a role in non-shivering thermogenesis. In this narrative review, we apply the timescales of adaptation framework in order to explore the adaptive significance of human BAT. Human variation in BAT is shaped by multiple adaptive modes (i.e., allostasis, acclimatization, developmental adaptation, epigenetic inheritance, and genetic adaptation), and together the adaptive modes act as an integrated system. We hypothesize that plasticity in BAT facilitated the successful expansion of human populations into circumpolar regions, allowing for selection of genetic adaptations to cold climates to take place. Future research rooted in human energetics and biocultural perspectives is essential for understanding BAT's adaptive and health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Levy
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, New York, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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16
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Repeated Oral Administration of Flavan-3-ols Induces Browning in Mice Adipose Tissues through Sympathetic Nerve Activation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124214. [PMID: 34959764 PMCID: PMC8707158 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found increases in uncoupling protein (Ucp)-1 transcription in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice following a single oral dose of flavan 3-ol (FL)s, a fraction of catechins and procyanidins. It was confirmed that these changes were totally reduced by co-treatment of adrenaline blockers. According to these previous results, FLs possibly activate sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In this study, we confirmed the marked increase in urinary catecholamine (CA) s projecting SNS activity following a single dose of 50 mg/kg FLs. In addition, we examined the impact of the repeated administration of 50 mg/kg FLs for 14 days on adipose tissues in mice. In BAT, FLs tended to increase the level of Ucp-1 along with significant increase of thermogenic transcriptome factors expressions, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and PR domain-containing (PRDM)1. Expression of browning markers, CD137 and transmembrane protein (TMEM) 26, in addition to PGC-1α were increased in epididymal adipose (eWAT) by FLs. A multilocular morphology with cell size reduction was shown in the inguinal adipose (iWAT), together with increasing the level of Ucp-1 by FLs. These results exert that FLs induce browning in adipose, and this change is possibly produced by the activation of the SNS.
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17
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Langin D. Adipocyte heterogeneity revealed by spatial transcriptomics of human adipose tissue: Painting and more. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1721-1722. [PMID: 34496228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes and cells from the stromal vascular fraction. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Bäckdahl et al. (2021) use spatial transcriptomics to provide a first glimpse at the architecture of human adipose tissue. The authors identify distinct adipocyte subpopulations with specific metabolic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Langin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Equipe MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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18
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Vion J, Sramkova V, Montastier E, Marquès MA, Caspar-Bauguil S, Duparc T, Martinez LO, Bourlier V, Harant I, Larrouy D, Moussaoui N, Bonnel S, Vindis C, Dray C, Valet P, Saulnier-Blache JS, Schanstra JP, Thalamas C, Viguerie N, Moro C, Langin D. Metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations to an 8-wk lifestyle weight loss intervention in younger and older obese men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E325-E337. [PMID: 34250814 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00109.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The number of older obese adults is increasing worldwide. Whether obese adults show similar health benefits in response to lifestyle interventions at different ages is unknown. The study enrolled 25 obese men (body mass index: 31-39 kg/m2) in two arms according to age (30-40 and 60-70 yr old). Participants underwent an 8-wk intervention with moderate calorie restriction (∼20% below individual energy requirements) and supervised endurance training resulting in ∼5% weight loss. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was assessed during a hypersinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Cardiometabolic profile was derived from blood parameters. Subcutaneous fat and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were used for ex vivo analyses. Two-way repeated-measure ANOVA and linear mixed models were used to evaluate the response to lifestyle intervention and comparison between the two groups. Fat mass was decreased and bone mass was preserved in the two groups after intervention. Muscle mass decreased significantly in older obese men. Cardiovascular risk (Framingham risk score, plasma triglyceride, and cholesterol) and insulin sensitivity were greatly improved to a similar extent in the two age groups after intervention. Changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle transcriptomes were marginal. Analysis of the differential response to the lifestyle intervention showed tenuous differences between age groups. These data suggest that lifestyle intervention combining calorie restriction and exercise shows similar beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk and insulin sensitivity in younger and older obese men. However, attention must be paid to potential loss of muscle mass in response to weight loss in older obese men.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rise in obesity and aging worldwide are major trends of critical importance in public health. This study addresses a current challenge in obesity management. Do older obese adults respond differently to a lifestyle intervention composed of moderate calorie restriction and supervised physical activity than younger ones? The main conclusion of the study is that older and younger obese men similarly benefit from the intervention in terms of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vion
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Veronika Sramkova
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Montastier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Departments of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Adeline Marquès
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Departments of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaut Duparc
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent O Martinez
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Bourlier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Harant
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Larrouy
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Nabila Moussaoui
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Bonnel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Vindis
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Investigation Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse University Hospitals, CIC1436, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Dray
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Investigation Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse University Hospitals, CIC1436, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Departments of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC Team MetaDiab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Departments of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France
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19
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Münzberg H, Floyd E, Chang JS. Sympathetic Innervation of White Adipose Tissue: to Beige or Not to Beige? Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:246-255. [PMID: 34159808 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00038.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity research progresses in understanding neuronal circuits and adipocyte biology to regulate metabolism. However, the interface of neuro-adipocyte interaction is less studied. We summarize the current knowledge of adipose tissue innervation and interaction with adipocytes and emphasize adipocyte transitions from white to brown adipocytes and vice versa. We further highlight emerging concepts for the differential neuronal regulation of brown/beige versus white adipocyte and the interdependence of both for metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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20
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Crudele L, Piccinin E, Moschetta A. Visceral Adiposity and Cancer: Role in Pathogenesis and Prognosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062101. [PMID: 34205356 PMCID: PMC8234141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of being overweight and obese has been expanded dramatically in recent years worldwide. Obesity usually occurs when the energetic introit overtakes energy expenditure from metabolic and physical activity, leading to fat accumulation mainly in the visceral depots. Excessive fat accumulation represents a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer. Adiposity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperinsulinemia are essential factors of obesity that also play a crucial role in tumor onset. In recent years, several strategies have been pointed toward boundary fat accumulation, thus limiting the burden of cancer attributable to obesity. While remodeling fat via adipocytes browning seems a tempting prospect, lifestyle interventions still represent the main pathway to prevent cancer and enhance the efficacy of treatments. Specifically, the Mediterranean Diet stands out as one of the best dietary approaches to curtail visceral adiposity and, therefore, cancer risk. In this Review, the close relationship between obesity and cancer has been investigated, highlighting the biological mechanisms at the basis of this link. Finally, strategies to remodel fat, including browning and lifestyle interventions, have been taken into consideration as a major perspective to limit excess body weight and tumor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-559-3262
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21
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Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Orchestrates a Coordinated Physiological Response to Fuel Non-shivering Thermogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108075. [PMID: 32846132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone controlling blood volume and pressure in mammals. It is still unclear whether ANP controls cold-induced thermogenesis in vivo. Here, we show that acute cold exposure induces cardiac ANP secretion in mice and humans. Genetic inactivation of ANP promotes cold intolerance and suppresses half of cold-induced brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in mice. While white adipocytes are resistant to ANP-mediated lipolysis at thermoneutral temperature in mice, cold exposure renders white adipocytes fully responsive to ANP to activate lipolysis and a thermogenic program, a physiological response that is dramatically suppressed in ANP null mice. ANP deficiency also blunts liver triglycerides and glycogen metabolism, thus impairing fuel availability for BAT thermogenesis. ANP directly increases mitochondrial uncoupling and thermogenic gene expression in human white and brown adipocytes. Together, these results indicate that ANP is a major physiological trigger of BAT thermogenesis upon cold exposure in mammals.
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22
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Suchacki KJ, Stimson RH. Nutritional Regulation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061748. [PMID: 34063868 PMCID: PMC8224032 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of brown adipose tissue in adult humans offers a new strategy to increase energy expenditure to treat obesity and associated metabolic disease. While white adipose tissue (WAT) is primarily for energy storage, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that increases energy expenditure to generate heat. BAT is activated upon cold exposure and improves insulin sensitivity and lipid clearance, highlighting its beneficial role in metabolic health in humans. This review provides an overview of BAT physiology in conditions of overnutrition (obesity and associated metabolic disease), undernutrition and in conditions of altered fat distribution such as lipodystrophy. We review the impact of exercise, dietary macronutrients and bioactive compounds on BAT activity. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of dietary manipulations or supplementation to increase energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis. We conclude that chronic nutritional interventions may represent a useful nonpharmacological means to enhance BAT mass and activity to aid weight loss and/or improve metabolic health.
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23
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Winn NC, Cottam MA, Wasserman DH, Hasty AH. Exercise and Adipose Tissue Immunity: Outrunning Inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:790-801. [PMID: 33899336 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered a precipitating factor and possibly an underlying cause of many noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, and some cancers. Obesity, which manifests in more than 650 million people worldwide, is the most common chronic inflammatory condition, with visceral adiposity thought to be the major inflammatory hub that links obesity and chronic disease. Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is triggered or heightened in large part by (1) accelerated immune cell recruitment, (2) reshaping of the AT stromal-immuno landscape (e.g., immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocyte progenitors), and (3) perturbed AT immune cell function. Exercise, along with diet management, is a cornerstone in promoting weight loss and preventing weight regain. This review focuses on evidence that increased physical activity reduces AT inflammation caused by hypercaloric diets or genetic obesity. The precise cell types and mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of exercise on AT inflammation remain poorly understood. This review summarizes what is known about obesity-induced AT inflammation and immunomodulation and highlights mechanisms by which aerobic exercise combats inflammation by remodeling the AT immune landscape. Furthermore, key areas are highlighted that require future exploration and novel discoveries into the burgeoning field of how the biology of exercise affects AT immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Pardo R, Velilla M, Herrero L, Cervela L, Ribeiro ML, Simó R, Villena JA. Calorie Restriction and SIRT1 Overexpression Induce Different Gene Expression Profiles in White Adipose Tissue in Association with Metabolic Improvement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000672. [PMID: 33686759 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calorie restriction (CR) exerts multiple effects on health, including the amelioration of systemic insulin resistance. Although the precise mechanisms by which CR improves glucose homeostasis remain poorly defined, SIRT1 has been suggested to act as a central mediator of the cellular responses to CR. Here, we aim at identifying the mechanisms by which CR and SIRT1 modulate white adipose tissue (WAT) function, a key tissue in the control of glucose homeostasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A gene expression profiling study using DNA microarrays is conducted in WAT of control and SIRT1 transgenic mice fed ad libitum (AL) and mice subjected to 40% CR. RESULTS Gene expression profiling reveals a relatively low degree of overlap between the transcriptional programs regulated by SIRT1 and CR. Gene networks related to extracellular matrix appear commonly downregulated by SIRT1/CR, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis is enhanced exclusively by CR. Moreover, WAT inflammation is reduced by CR and SIRT1, although their anti-inflammatory effects appeared to be achieved by regulating different gene networks related to the immune system. CONCLUDING REMARKS In WAT, SIRT1 does not mediate most of the effects of CR on gene expression. Still, gene networks differentially regulated by SIRT1 and CR converge to reduce WAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Marc Velilla
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBEROBN, CIBER on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Luis Cervela
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Rafael Simó
- Group of Diabetes and Metabolism, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,CIBERDEM, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,CIBERDEM, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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25
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Warmbrunn MV, Nieuwdorp M, Clément K. Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders and the Microbiome: The Intestinal Microbiota Associated With Obesity, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Health-Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:573-599. [PMID: 33253685 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the intestinal microbiome have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, in epidemiological studies and studies of the effects of fecal transfer in germ-free mice. We review the mechanisms by which alterations in the intestinal microbiome contribute to development of metabolic diseases, and recent advances, such as the effects of the microbiome on lipid metabolism. Strategies have been developed to modify the intestinal microbiome and reverse metabolic alterations, which might be used as therapies. We discuss approaches that have shown effects in mouse models of obesity and metabolic disorders, and how these might be translated to humans to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Moritz V Warmbrunn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France.
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26
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Lu X. Parkin-mediated mitophagy in beige adipose tissue. Metabolism 2020; 112:154372. [PMID: 32926896 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Wang
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130011, China; Department of Trauma Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130011, China; Medical Research Center, Jilin Province General Hospital, Changchun 130021, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun Chinese Medicine University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130011, China; Medical Research Center, Jilin Province General Hospital, Changchun 130021, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun Chinese Medicine University, Changchun 130021, China.
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27
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Jurado-Fasoli L, Merchan-Ramirez E, Martinez-Tellez B, Acosta FM, Sanchez-Delgado G, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Muñoz Hernandez V, Martinez-Avila WD, Ortiz-Alvarez L, Xu H, Arias Téllez MJ, Ruiz-López MD, Llamas-Elvira JM, Gil Á, Labayen I, Ruiz JR. Association between dietary factors and brown adipose tissue volume/ 18F-FDG uptake in young adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1997-2008. [PMID: 32994069 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between usual dietary factors (dietary energy density, nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume/18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake after personalized cold exposure in young healthy adults. METHODS A total of 122 young adults (n = 82 women; 22.0 ± 2.1 years old; 24.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2) took part in this cross-sectional study. Dietary factors were measured via a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Dietary energy density (foods and caloric beverages included) and macronutrient intakes were subsequently estimated using EvalFINUT® software, food group consumption was estimated from the food frequency questionnaire, and different dietary patterns and quality indices were determined according to the reference methods. BAT volume, BAT 18F-FDG uptake, and skeletal muscle 18F-FDG uptake were assessed by static 18F-FDG positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scans after a 2 h personalized exposure to cold. RESULTS A direct association was detected between dietary energy density and BAT Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)mean (β = 0.215; R2 = 0.044; P = 0.022), and between ethanol consumption and BAT volume (β = 0.215; R2 = 0.044; P = 0.022). The a priori Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (β = -0.273; R2 = 0.075; P = 0.003 and β = -0.255; R2 = 0.066; P = 0.005 respectively). In addition, the diet quality index for a Mediterranean diet and a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (as determined via the dietary inflammatory index) were directly associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (SUVmean: β = 0.238; R2 = 0.053; P = 0.013 and β = 0.256; R2 = 0.052; P = 0.012 respectively; SUVpeak: β = 0.278; R2 = 0.073; P = 0.003 and β = 0.248; R2 = 0.049; P = 0.016 respectively). After controlling for multiplicity and possible confounders (sex, the evaluation wave and BMI), all the detected associations persisted. CONCLUSION Dietary factors are slightly associated with BAT volume and/or 18F-FDG uptake after a personalized cold exposure in young adults. Our results provide an overall picture of the potential relationships between dietary factors and BAT-related variables in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Muñoz Hernandez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Wendy D Martinez-Avila
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Huiwen Xu
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Arias Téllez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independence, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3 (a) pta, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3 (a) pta, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
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28
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Heenan KA, Carrillo AE, Fulton JL, Ryan EJ, Edsall JR, Rigopoulos D, Markofski MM, Flouris AD, Dinas PC. Effects of Nutrition/Diet on Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2752. [PMID: 32927664 PMCID: PMC7551565 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides a minor contribution to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)-the metabolic response to food consumption. Increased BAT activity is generally considered beneficial for mammalian metabolism and has been associated with favorable health outcomes. The aim of the current systematic review was to explore whether nutritional factors and/or diet affect human BAT activity. METHODS We searched PubMed Central, Embase and Cochrane Library (trials) to conduct this systematic review (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018082323). RESULTS We included 24 eligible papers that studied a total of 2785 participants. We found no mean differences in standardized uptake value of BAT following a single meal or after 6 weeks of L-Arginine supplementation. Resting energy expenditure (REE), however, was increased following a single meal and after supplementation of capsinoid and catechin when compared to a control condition (Z = 2.41, p = 0.02; mean difference = 102.47 (95% CI = 19.28-185.67)). CONCLUSIONS Human BAT activity was not significantly affected by nutrition/diet. Moreover, REE was only increased in response to a single meal, but it is unlikely that this was due to increased BAT activity. BAT activity assessments in response to the chronic effect of food should be considered along with other factors such as body composition and/or environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A. Heenan
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; (K.A.H.); (A.E.C.); (J.L.F.); (E.J.R.); (J.R.E.)
| | - Andres E. Carrillo
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; (K.A.H.); (A.E.C.); (J.L.F.); (E.J.R.); (J.R.E.)
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, GR42100 Trikala, Greece; (D.R.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Jacob L. Fulton
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; (K.A.H.); (A.E.C.); (J.L.F.); (E.J.R.); (J.R.E.)
| | - Edward J. Ryan
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; (K.A.H.); (A.E.C.); (J.L.F.); (E.J.R.); (J.R.E.)
| | - Jason R. Edsall
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; (K.A.H.); (A.E.C.); (J.L.F.); (E.J.R.); (J.R.E.)
| | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, GR42100 Trikala, Greece; (D.R.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Melissa M. Markofski
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, GR42100 Trikala, Greece; (D.R.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Petros C. Dinas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, GR42100 Trikala, Greece; (D.R.); (A.D.F.)
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Reinisch I, Schreiber R, Prokesch A. Regulation of thermogenic adipocytes during fasting and cold. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 512:110869. [PMID: 32439414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cold exposure activates brown and brown-like adipocytes that dissipate large amounts of glucose and fatty acids via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to drive non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). Evidence for the existence of these thermogenic adipocytes in adult humans gave rise to a renaissance in research on brown adipose tissue, establishing it as linchpin of energy homeostasis and metabolic health. Besides low ambient temperature, shortage or excess of food affect thermoregulation. Upon high caloric meals thermogenic adipocytes burn excess calories and maintain energy balance. In contrast, in conditions of nutrient deprivation, counter-regulatory mechanisms prevent thermogenic adipocytes from "wasting" energy substrates that need to be conserved. In this review, we discuss cell-autonomous mechanisms, metabolites, and hormones that modify NST in response to nutrient fluctuations. In particular, we focus on how thermogenic adipocytes balance thermogenesis with systemic energy homeostasis during fasting periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reinisch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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30
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Watt M, Edmunds L, Xie B, Capooci J, Reslink M, Eze C, Mills A, Stolz DB, Jurczak M, Ramakrishnan SK. Sustained mitochondrial biogenesis is essential to maintain caloric restriction-induced beige adipocytes. Metabolism 2020; 107:154225. [PMID: 32275973 PMCID: PMC7284285 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caloric restriction (CR) delays the onset of metabolic and age-related disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that formation of beige adipocytes induced by CR is strongly associated with extracellular remodeling in adipose tissue, decrease in adipose tissue inflammation, and improved systemic metabolic homeostasis. However, beige adipocytes rapidly transition to white upon CR withdrawal through unclear mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week old C57BL6 mice were fed with 40% CR chow diet for 6 weeks. Subsequently, one group of mice was switched back to ad libitum chow diet, which was continued for additional 2 weeks. Adipose tissues were assessed histologically and biochemically for beige adipocytes. RESULTS Beige adipocytes induced by CR rapidly transition to white adipocytes when CR is withdrawn independent of parkin-mediated mitophagy. We demonstrate that the involution of mitochondria during CR withdrawal is strongly linked with a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis. We further demonstrate that beige-to-white fat transition upon β3-AR agonist-withdrawal could be attenuated by CR, partly via maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION In the model of CR, our study highlights the dominant role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the maintenance of beige adipocytes. We propose that loss of beige adipocytes upon β3-AR agonist withdrawal could be attenuated by CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Mikayla Watt
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Lia Edmunds
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Bingxian Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Joseph Capooci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Matthew Reslink
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Chetachukwu Eze
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Amanda Mills
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Michael Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15262., United States of America.
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31
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Li X, Frazier JA, Spahiu E, McPherson M, Miller RA. Muscle-dependent regulation of adipose tissue function in long-lived growth hormone-mutant mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8766-8789. [PMID: 32464603 PMCID: PMC7288969 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Altered adipose tissue may contribute to the longevity of Snell dwarf and growth hormone receptor (GHR) knock-out mice. We report here that white (WAT) and brown (BAT) fat have elevated UCP1 in both kinds of mice, and that adipocytes in WAT depots turn beige/brown. These imply increased thermogenesis and are expected to lead to improved glucose control. Both kinds of long-lived mice show lower levels of inflammatory M1 macrophages and higher levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in BAT and WAT, with correspondingly lower levels of TNFα, IL-6, and MCP1. Experiments with mice with tissue-specific disruption of GHR showed that these adipocyte and macrophage changes were not due to hepatic IGF1 production nor to direct GH effects on adipocytes, but instead reflect GH effects on muscle. Muscles deprived of GH signals, either globally (GKO) or in muscle only (MKO), produce higher levels of circulating irisin and its precursor FNDC5. The data thus suggest that the changes in adipose tissue differentiation and inflammatory status seen in long-lived mutant mice reflect interruption of GH-dependent irisin inhibition, with consequential effects on metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A. Frazier
- College of Literature, Sciences, and The Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Edward Spahiu
- College of Literature, Sciences, and The Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Madaline McPherson
- College of Literature, Sciences, and The Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA,University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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32
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Lee JH, Verma N, Thakkar N, Yeung C, Sung HK. Intermittent Fasting: Physiological Implications on Outcomes in Mice and Men. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:185-195. [PMID: 32293230 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00030.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a widely practiced dietary method that encompasses periodic restriction of food consumption. Due to its protective benefits against metabolic diseases, aging, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, IF continues to gain attention as a preventative and therapeutic intervention to counteract these chronic diseases. Although numerous animal studies have reported positive health benefits of IF, its feasibility and efficacy in clinical settings remain controversial. Importantly, since dietary interventions such as IF have systemic effects, thoroughly investigating the tissue-specific changes in animal models is crucial to identify IF's mechanism and evaluate its potential adverse effects in humans. As such, we will review and compare the outcomes and underlying mechanisms of IF in both animal and human studies. Moreover, the limitations of IF and inconsistencies between preclinical and clinical studies will be discussed to provide insight into the gaps between translating research from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Navkiran Verma
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikita Thakkar
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christy Yeung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Tarabra E, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Nadzam GS, Goldberg R, Van Name M, Pierpont B, Knight JR, Shulman GI, Caprio S. The omentum of obese girls harbors small adipocytes and browning transcripts. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135448. [PMID: 32125283 PMCID: PMC7213797 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity (SO) affects about 6% of youth in the United States, augmenting the risks for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we obtained paired omental adipose tissue (omVAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies from girls with SO undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG), to test whether differences in cellular and transcriptomic profiles between omVAT and SAT depots affect insulin sensitivity differently. Following weight loss, these analyses were repeated in a subgroup of subjects having a second SAT biopsy. We found that omVAT displayed smaller adipocytes compared with SAT, increased lipolysis through adipose triglyceride lipase phosphorylation, reduced inflammation, and increased expression of browning/beiging markers. Contrary to omVAT, SAT adipocyte diameter correlated with insulin resistance. Following SG, both weight and insulin sensitivity improved markedly in all subjects. SAT adipocytes' size became smaller, showing increased lipolysis through perilipin 1 phosphorylation, decreased inflammation, and increased expression in browning/beiging markers. In summary, in adolescent girls with SO, both omVAT and SAT depots showed distinct cellular and transcriptomic profiles. Following weight loss, the SAT depot changed its cellular morphology and transcriptomic profiles into more favorable ones. These changes in the SAT depot may play a fundamental role in the resolution of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James R Knight
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University West Campus, Orange, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Vohralik EJ, Psaila AM, Knights AJ, Quinlan KGR. EoTHINophils: Eosinophils as key players in adipose tissue homeostasis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1495-1505. [PMID: 32163614 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are granular cells of the innate immune system that are found in almost all vertebrates and some invertebrates. Knowledge of their wide-ranging roles in health and disease has largely been attained through studies in mice and humans. Although eosinophils are typically associated with helminth infections and allergic diseases such as asthma, there is building evidence that beneficial homeostatic eosinophils residing in specific niches are important for tissue development, remodelling and metabolic control. In recent years, the importance of immune cells in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis has been a focal point of research efforts. There is an abundance of anti-inflammatory innate immune cells in lean white adipose tissue, including macrophages, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which promote energy homeostasis and stimulate the development of thermogenic beige adipocytes. This review will evaluate evidence for the role of adipose-resident eosinophils in local tissue homeostasis, beiging and systemic metabolism, highlighting where more research is needed to establish the specific effector functions that adipose eosinophils perform in response to different internal and external cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Vohralik
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalise M Psaila
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander J Knights
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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35
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Lim J, Park HS, Kim J, Jang YJ, Kim JH, Lee Y, Heo Y. Depot-specific UCP1 expression in human white adipose tissue and its association with obesity-related markers. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:697-706. [PMID: 31965068 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated depot-specific mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in human white adipose tissue (WAT) and its association with obesity-related markers. METHODS We recruited 39 normal-weight, 41 nondiabetic obese, and 22 diabetic obese women. We measured UCP1 mRNA expression in abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and investigated the associations between UCP1 mRNA expression in VAT and SAT, and obesity-related markers including mRNA expression of leptin, adiponectin, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and positive regulatory domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16). We also evaluated UCP1 mRNA expression in differentiated human white adipocytes after treatment with various stressors and metabolic improvement agents in vitro. RESULTS UCP1 mRNA in VAT was significantly higher than in SAT in all groups. UCP1 mRNA in SAT was negatively correlated with BMI, total abdominal fat area, visceral fat area, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR score, triglyceride, hsCRP, fasting leptin levels, and adipocyte size. UCP1 mRNA in SAT was positively correlated with fasting adiponectin levels. UCP1 mRNA in VAT was negatively correlated with visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR), fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels. In SAT, UCP1 mRNA was negatively correlated with mRNA expression of leptin and CHOP, and positively correlated with mRNA expression of adiponectin. The expression of PRDM16 was positively correlated with UCP1 mRNA in both VAT and SAT. UCP1 mRNA expression in differentiated human white adipocytes was significantly reduced after incubation with thapsigargin, tunicamycin, homocysteine, TNF-α, or IL-β, and significantly increased after incubation with exendin 4, dapagliflozin, and telmisartan. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated depot-specific mRNA expression of UCP1 and its association with obesity-related markers in human WAT. UCP1 mRNA in human white adipocytes was suppressed by inflammatory agents and enhanced by metabolic improvement agents. UCP1 in human WAT might participate in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lim
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonJi Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Accumulating knowledge on the biology and function of the adipose tissue has led to a major shift in our understanding of its role in health and disease. The adipose tissue is now recognized as a crucial regulator of cardiovascular health, mediated by the secretion of several bioactive products, including adipocytokines, microvesicles and gaseous messengers, with a wide range of endocrine and paracrine effects on the cardiovascular system. The adipose tissue function and secretome are tightly controlled by complex homeostatic mechanisms and local cell-cell interactions, which can become dysregulated in obesity. Systemic or local inflammation and insulin resistance lead to a shift in the adipose tissue secretome from anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic towards a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic profile. Moreover, the interplay between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system is bidirectional, with vascular-derived and heart-derived signals directly affecting adipose tissue biology. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology and regional variability of adipose tissue in humans, deciphering the complex molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system, and their possible clinical translation. In addition, we highlight the latest developments in adipose tissue imaging for cardiovascular risk stratification and discuss how therapeutic targeting of the adipose tissue can improve prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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37
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernandez-Real JM. The gut microbiota modulates both browning of white adipose tissue and the activity of brown adipose tissue. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:387-397. [PMID: 31776853 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, novel therapeutic strategies are imperatively required. A plausible manner to increase energy expenditure is the enhancement of thermogenic pathways in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the last 15 years, the identification of novel endogenous mechanisms to promote BAT activity or browning of WAT has pointed at gut microbiota as an important modulator of host metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. In this review, we focused on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and adipose tissue thermogenic program (including BAT activity and browning of WAT) in both physiological and stress conditions. Specifically, we reviewed the effects of fasting, caloric restriction, cold stress and metabolic endotoxemia on both browning and gut microbiota shifts. Mechanistically speaking, processes related to bile acid metabolism and the endocannabinoid system seem to play an important role. In summary, the gut microbiota seems to impact WAT and BAT physiology at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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38
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Liu B, Page AJ, Hutchison AT, Wittert GA, Heilbronn LK. Intermittent fasting increases energy expenditure and promotes adipose tissue browning in mice. Nutrition 2019; 66:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bolus WR, Hasty AH. Contributions of innate type 2 inflammation to adipose function. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1698-1709. [PMID: 29891508 PMCID: PMC6795076 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r085993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical contributor to the health consequences of the obesity epidemic is dysregulated adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis. While white, brown, and beige AT function is altered in obesity-related disease, white AT is marked by progressive inflammation and adipocyte dysfunction and has been the focus of extensive "immunometabolism" research in the past decade. The exact triggering events initiating and sustaining AT inflammation are still under study, but it has been shown that reducing inflammation improves insulin action in AT. Scientific efforts seeking interventions to mitigate obesity-associated AT inflammation continue, and many groups are now determining how lean healthy AT homeostasis is maintained in order to leverage these mechanisms as therapeutic targets. Such studies have revealed that an elaborate network of immune cells, cytokines, and other cellular mediators coordinate AT function. Recent studies elucidated the involvement of the innate immune system in AT homeostasis (e.g., beiging and insulin sensitivity), including M2-like macrophages, eosinophils, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, and several others. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on innate type 2 inflammation in AT; additionally, we draw attention to areas of debate where seemingly conflicting data promises to yield more surprising and elegant biology as studies continue to dissect AT physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Reid Bolus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN 37232
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville TN 37212
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Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080795. [PMID: 31366145 PMCID: PMC6721602 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling can be defined as a dissociation between mitochondrial membrane potential generation and its use for mitochondria-dependent ATP synthesis. Although this process was originally considered a mitochondrial dysfunction, the identification of UCP-1 as an endogenous physiological uncoupling protein suggests that the process could be involved in many other biological processes. In this review, we first compare the mitochondrial uncoupling agents available in term of mechanistic and non-specific effects. Proteins regulating mitochondrial uncoupling, as well as chemical compounds with uncoupling properties are discussed. Second, we summarize the most recent findings linking mitochondrial uncoupling and other cellular or biological processes, such as bulk and specific autophagy, reactive oxygen species production, protein secretion, cell death, physical exercise, metabolic adaptations in adipose tissue, and cell signaling. Finally, we show how mitochondrial uncoupling could be used to treat several human diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, or neurological disorders.
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Klepac K, Georgiadi A, Tschöp M, Herzig S. The role of brown and beige adipose tissue in glycaemic control. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:90-100. [PMID: 31283940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the past decade, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been extensively studied as a potential therapy for obesity and metabolic diseases due to its thermogenic and glucose-consuming properties. It is now clear that the function of BAT goes beyond heat production, as it also plays an important endocrine role by secreting the so-called batokines to communicate with other metabolic tissues and regulate systemic energy homeostasis. However, despite numerous studies showing the benefits of BAT in rodents, it is still not clear whether recruitment of BAT can be utilized to treat human patients. Here, we review the advances on understanding the role of BAT in metabolism and its benefits on glucose and lipid homeostasis in both humans and rodents. Moreover, we discuss the latest methodological approaches to assess the contribution of BAT to human metabolism as well as the possibility to target BAT, pharmacologically or by lifestyle adaptations, to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Klepac
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Georgiadi
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, Germany.
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42
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Ravaud C, Paré M, Yao X, Azoulay S, Mazure NM, Dani C, Ladoux A. Resveratrol and HIV-protease inhibitors control UCP1 expression through opposite effects on p38 MAPK phosphorylation in human adipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1184-1196. [PMID: 31294462 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown and brown-like adipocytes (BBAs) control thermogenesis and are detected in adult humans. They express UCP1, which transforms energy into heat. They appear as promising cells to fight obesity. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms leading to the browning of human white adipocytes or the whitening of BBAs represents a goal to properly and safely control the pathways involved in these processes. Here, we analyzed how drugs endowed with therapeutic potential affect the differentiation of human adipose progenitor-cells into BBAs and/or their phenotype. We showed that HIV-protease inhibitors (PI) reduced UCP1 expression in BBAs modifying their metabolic profile and the mitochondria functionality. Lopinavir (LPV) was more potent than darunavir (DRV), a last PI generation. PPARγ and PGC-1α were decreased in a PI or cell-specific manner, thus altering UCP1's constitutive expression. In addition, LPV altered p38 MAPK phosphorylation, blunting then the β-adrenergic responses. In contrast, low doses of resveratrol stimulated the activatable expression of UCP1 in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner and counteracted the LPV induced loss of UCP1. This effect was independent of the resveratrol-induced sirtuin-1 expression. Altogether our results uncover how drugs impact crucial components of the networks regulating the expression of the thermogenic signature. They provide important information to control the relevant pathways involved in energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Yao
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, iBV, France
| | | | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, CNRS-UMR 7284-Inserm U1081, Nice, France
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43
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Presby DM, Jackman MR, Rudolph MC, Sherk VD, Foright RM, Houck JA, Johnson GC, Orlicky DJ, Melanson EL, Higgins JA, MacLean PS. Compensation for cold-induced thermogenesis during weight loss maintenance and regain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E977-E986. [PMID: 30912962 PMCID: PMC6580173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00543.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity is exacerbated by low rates of successful long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM). In part, relapse from WLM to obesity is due to a reduction in energy expenditure (EE) that persists throughout WLM and relapse. Thus, interventions that increase EE might facilitate WLM. In obese mice that were calorically restricted to reduce body weight by ~20%, we manipulated EE throughout WLM and early relapse using intermittent cold exposure (ICE; 4°C, 90 min/day, 5 days/wk, within the last 3 h of the light cycle). EE, energy intake, and spontaneous physical activity were measured during the obese, WLM, and relapse phases. During WLM and relapse, the ICE group expended more energy during the light cycle because of cold exposure but expended less energy in the dark cycle, which led to no overall difference in total daily EE. The compensation in EE appeared to be mediated by activity, whereby the ICE group was more active during the light cycle because of cold exposure but less active during the dark cycle, which led to no overall effect on total daily activity during WLM and relapse. In brown adipose tissue of relapsing mice, the ICE group had greater mRNA expression of Dio2 and protein expression of UCP1 but lower mRNA expression of Prdm16. In summary, these findings indicate that despite robust increases in EE during cold exposures, ICE is unable to alter total daily EE during WLM or early relapse, likely due to compensatory behaviors in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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Yang J, Liu X, Fu Y, Song Y. Recent advances of microneedles for biomedical applications: drug delivery and beyond. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:469-483. [PMID: 31193810 PMCID: PMC6543086 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microneedle (MN), a highly efficient and versatile device, has attracted extensive scientific and industrial interests in the past decades due to prominent properties including painless penetration, low cost, excellent therapeutic efficacy, and relative safety. The robust microneedle enabling transdermal delivery has a paramount potential to create advanced functional devices with superior nature for biomedical applications. In this review, a great effort has been made to summarize the advance of microneedles including their materials and latest fabrication method, such as three-dimensional printing (3DP). Importantly, a variety of representative biomedical applications of microneedles such as disease treatment, immunobiological administration, disease diagnosis and cosmetic field, are highlighted in detail. At last, conclusions and future perspectives for development of advanced microneedles in biomedical fields have been discussed systematically. Taken together, as an emerging tool, microneedles have showed profound promise for biomedical applications.
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Sah RP, Sharma A, Nagpal S, Patlolla SH, Sharma A, Kandlakunta H, Anani V, Angom RS, Kamboj A, Ahmed N, Mohapatra S, Vivekanandhan S, Philbrick KA, Weston A, Takahashi N, Kirkland J, Javeed N, Matveyenko A, Levy MJ, Mukhopadhyay D, Chari ST. Phases of Metabolic and Soft Tissue Changes in Months Preceding a Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1742-1752. [PMID: 30677401 PMCID: PMC6475474 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Identifying metabolic abnormalities that occur before pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis could increase chances for early detection. We collected data on changes in metabolic parameters (glucose, serum lipids, triglycerides; total, low-density, and high-density cholesterol; and total body weight) and soft tissues (abdominal subcutaneous fat [SAT], adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue [VAT], and muscle) from patients 5 years before the received a diagnosis of PDAC. METHODS We collected data from 219 patients with a diagnosis of PDAC (patients) and 657 healthy individuals (controls) from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, from 2000 through 2015. We compared metabolic profiles of patients with those of age- and sex-matched controls, constructing temporal profiles of fasting blood glucose, serum lipids including triglycerides, cholesterol profiles, and body weight and temperature for 60 months before the diagnosis of PDAC (index date). To construct the temporal profile of soft tissue changes, we collected computed tomography scans from 68 patients, comparing baseline (>18 months before diagnosis) areas of SAT, VAT, and muscle at L2/L3 vertebra with those of later scans until time of diagnosis. SAT and VAT, isolated from healthy individuals, were exposed to exosomes isolated from PDAC cell lines and analyzed by RNA sequencing. SAT was collected from KRAS+/LSLG12D P53flox/flox mice with PDACs, C57/BL6 (control) mice, and 5 patients and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There were no significant differences in metabolic or soft tissue features of patients vs controls until 30 months before PDAC diagnosis. In the 30 to 18 months before PDAC diagnosis (phase 1, hyperglycemia), a significant proportion of patients developed hyperglycemia, compared with controls, without soft tissue changes. In the 18 to 6 months before PDAC diagnosis (phase 2, pre-cachexia), patients had significant increases in hyperglycemia and decreases in serum lipids, body weight, and SAT, with preserved VAT and muscle. In the 6 to 0 months before PDAC diagnosis (phase 3, cachexia), a significant proportion of patients had hyperglycemia compared with controls, and patients had significant reductions in all serum lipids, SAT, VAT, and muscle. We believe the patients had browning of SAT, based on increases in body temperature, starting 18 months before PDAC diagnosis. We observed expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in SAT exposed to PDAC exosomes, SAT from mice with PDACs, and SAT from all 5 patients but only 1 of 4 controls. CONCLUSIONS We identified 3 phases of metabolic and soft tissue changes that precede a diagnosis of PDAC. Loss of SAT starts 18 months before PDAC identification, and is likely due to browning. Overexpression of UCP1 in SAT might be a biomarker of early-stage PDAC, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuwansh P. Sah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sajan Nagpal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sri Harsha Patlolla
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anil Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Harika Kandlakunta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vincent Anani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Amrit Kamboj
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sonmoon Mohapatra
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sneha Vivekanandhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Alexander Weston
- Department of Radiology Informatics, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - James Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J. Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Suresh T. Chari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
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46
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Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in the management of obesity is the prevention of weight regain after successful weight loss. Weight regain after weight loss has large interindividual variation. Although many factors probably contribute to this variation, we hypothesize that variability in biological responses associated with weight loss-induced shrinking of subcutaneous adipocytes has an important role. In this Review, we show that weight loss-induced variations in cellular stress, extracellular matrix remodelling, inflammatory responses, adipokine secretion and lipolysis seem to be associated with the amount of weight that is regained after successful weight loss. Weight regain could therefore, at least in part, depend on a combination of these factors. Further research on the causality of these associations could aid the development of effective strategies to prevent weight regain after successful weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen A van Baak
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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47
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Abstract
Background Thermogenic adipocytes reorganize their metabolism during cold exposure. Metabolic reprogramming requires readily available bioenergetics substrates, such as glucose and fatty acids, to increase mitochondrial respiration and produce heat via the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). This condition generates a finely-tuned production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) that support non-shivering thermogenesis. Scope of review Herein, the findings underlining the mechanisms that regulate ROS production and control of the adaptive responses tuning thermogenesis in adipocytes are described. Furthermore, this review describes the metabolic responses to substrate availability and the consequence of mitochondrial failure to switch fuel oxidation in response to changes in nutrient availability. A framework to control mitochondrial ROS threshold to maximize non-shivering thermogenesis in adipocytes is provided. Major conclusions Thermogenesis synchronizes fuel oxidation with an acute and transient increase of mitochondrial ROS that promotes the activation of redox-sensitive thermogenic signaling cascade and UCP1. However, an overload of substrate flux to mitochondria causes a massive and damaging mitochondrial ROS production that affects mitochondrial flexibility. Finding novel thermogenic redox targets and manipulating ROS concentration in adipocytes appears to be a promising avenue of research for improving thermogenesis and counteracting metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial ROS support non-shivering thermogenesis. Thermogenic ROS are tightly related to mitochondrial metabolic reorganization. Uncontrolled mitochondrial ROS production is causative of metabolic inflexibility.
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48
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Asnani-Kishnani M, Rodríguez AM, Serrano A, Palou A, Bonet ML, Ribot J. Neonatal Resveratrol and Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementations Sex-Dependently Affect Beige Transcriptional Programming of Preadipocytes in Mouse Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30800077 PMCID: PMC6375887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional programming of the thermogenic and fuel oxidation capacity of white adipose tissue (WAT) through dietary interventions in early life is a potential strategy to enhance future metabolic health. We previously showed that mild neonatal supplementations with the polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) and the vitamin B3 form nicotinamide riboside (NR) have sex-dependent, long-term effects on the thermogenic/oxidative phenotype of WAT of mice in adulthood, enhancing this phenotype selectively in male animals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these dietary interventions may impact the commitment of progenitor cells resident in the developing WAT toward brown-like (beige) adipogenesis. NMRI mice received orally from postnatal day 2-20 (P2-20) a mild dose of RSV or NR, in independent experiments; control littermates received the vehicle. Sex-separated primary cultures were established at P35 from the stromovascular fraction of inguinal WAT (iWAT) and of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Expression of genes related to thermogenesis and oxidative metabolism was assessed in the differentiated cultures, and in vivo in the iWAT depot of young (P35) animals. Neonatal RSV and NR treatments had little impact on the animals' growth during early postnatal life and the expression of thermogenesis- and oxidative metabolism-related genes in the iWAT depot of young mice. However, the expression of brown/beige adipocyte marker genes was upregulated in the iWAT primary cultures from RSV supplemented and NR supplemented male mice, and downregulated in those from supplemented female mice, as compared to cultures derived from sex-matched control littermates. RSV supplementation had similar sex-dependent effects on the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in the BAT primary cultures. A link between the sex-dependent short-term effects of neonatal RSV and NR supplementations on primary iWAT preadipocyte differentiation observed herein and their previously reported sex-dependent long-term effects on the thermogenic/oxidative capacity of adult iWAT is suggested. The results provide proof-of-concept that the fate of preadipocytes resident in WAT of young animals toward the beige adipogenesis transcriptional program can be modulated by specific food bioactives/micronutrients received in early postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Asnani-Kishnani
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alba Serrano
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Comas F, Martínez C, Sabater M, Ortega F, Latorre J, Díaz-Sáez F, Aragonés J, Camps M, Gumà A, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Neuregulin 4 Is a Novel Marker of Beige Adipocyte Precursor Cells in Human Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30766490 PMCID: PMC6365457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nrg4 expression has been linked to brown adipose tissue activity and browning of white adipocytes in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate whether these observations could be translated to humans by investigating NRG4 mRNA and markers of brown/beige adipocytes in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We also studied the possible association of NRG4 with insulin action. Methods: SAT and VAT NRG4 and markers of brown/beige (UCP1, UCP3, and TMEM26)-related gene expression were analyzed in two independent cohorts (n = 331 and n = 59). Insulin resistance/sensitivity was measured using HOMAIR and glucose infusion rate during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results: In both cohort 1 and cohort 2, NRG4 and thermogenic/beige-related gene expression were significantly increased in VAT compared to SAT. Adipogenic-related genes followed an opposite pattern. In cohort 1, VAT NRG4 gene expression was positively correlated with BMI and expression of UCP1, UCP3, TMEM26, and negatively with adipogenic (FASN, PPARG, and SLC2A4)- and inflammatory (IL6 and IL8)-related genes. In SAT, NRG4 gene expression was negatively correlated with HOMAIR and positively with UCP1 and TMEM26 gene expression. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that expression of TMEM26 gene was the best predictor of NRG4 gene expression in both VAT and SAT. Specifically, NRG4 and TMEM26 gene expression was significantly increased in VAT, but not in SAT stromal vascular fraction cells (p < 0.001). In cohort 2, the significant association between NRG4 and TMEM26 gene expression in both VAT and SAT was confirmed, and SAT NRG4 gene expression also was positively correlated with insulin action and the expression of UCP1. Conclusion: Current findings suggest NRG4 gene expression as a novel marker of beige adipocytes in human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Comas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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50
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Martinez-Tellez B, Xu H, Sanchez-Delgado G, Acosta FM, Rensen PCN, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Association of wrist and ambient temperature with cold-induced brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle [18F]FDG uptake in young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1281-R1288. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00238.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is influenced by the outdoor temperature variation. However, people spend most of their time indoors, especially in colder regions and during cold seasons. Therefore, outdoor temperature is probably not an accurate tool to quantify the exposure of the participants before BAT quantification. We studied the association of wrist and personal environmental temperatures with cold-induced BAT and skeletal muscle [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake in adults. A total of 74 participants wore two iButtons during 7 days to measure wrist temperature (WT) and personal level of environmental temperature (Personal-ET). Thereafter, we performed a 2-h personalized cooling protocol before performing an [18F]FDG-PET/CT scan. WT was negatively associated with BAT volume ( R2 = 0.122; P = 0.002) and BAT activity [standardized uptake value (SUV)peak, R2 = 0.083; P = 0.012]. Moreover, Personal-ET was negatively associated with BAT volume ( R2 = 0.164; P < 0.001), BAT activity (SUVmean and SUVpeak, all R2 ≥ 0.167; P < 0.001), and skeletal muscle activity (SUVpeak, R2 = 0.122; P = 0.002). Interestingly, the time exposed to a certain Personal-ET (16–20°C) positively correlated only with [18F]FDG uptake by BAT (volume and activity; all P ≤ 0.05), whereas the time exposed to 12–15°C positively correlated only with measures of [18F]FDG uptake by skeletal muscle activity (all P ≤ 0.05). This study shows that WT and Personal-ET are associated with [18F]FDG uptake by BAT and skeletal muscle activity in adults within certain temperature thresholds. Moreover, our results suggest that [18F]FDG uptake by human BAT or skeletal muscle can be activated or inhibited in different ranges of ambient temperatures exposures. Results should be taken with caution because the observed associations were relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huiwen Xu
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Acosta
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M. Llamas-Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, “Virgen de las Nieves” University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada, Nuclear Medicine Department, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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