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Yang J, Zhang S, Wu Q, Chen P, Dai Y, Long J, Wu Y, Lin Y. T cell-mediated skin-brain axis: Bridging the gap between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103176. [PMID: 38364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and other mental disorders. Psychological disorders may also play a role in the development and progression of psoriasis. The intricate interplay between the skin diseases and the psychiatric comorbidities is mediated by the 'skin-brain axis'. Understanding the mechanisms underlying psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities can help improve the efficacy of treatment by breaking the vicious cycle of diseases. T cells and related cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psychiatric diseases, and are crucial components of the 'skin-brain axis'. Apart from damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly, T cells and secreted cytokines could interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to exacerbate skin diseases or mental disorders. However, few reviews have systematically summarized the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the interaction between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we discussed several key T cells and their roles in the 'skin-brain axis', with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the interplay between psoriasis and mental commodities, to provide data that might help develop effective strategies for the treatment of both psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qixuan Wu
- Mental Health Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktow, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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2
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Georgiev P, Benamar M, Han S, Haigis MC, Sharpe AH, Chatila TA. Regulatory T cells in dominant immunologic tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:28-41. [PMID: 37778472 PMCID: PMC10842646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 mediate peripheral immune tolerance both to self-antigens and to the commensal flora. Their defective function due to inborn errors of immunity or acquired insults is associated with a broad range of autoimmune and immune dysregulatory diseases. Although their function in suppressing autoimmunity and enforcing commensalism is established, a broader role for regulatory T cells in tissue repair and metabolic regulation has emerged, enabled by unique programs of tissue adaptability and specialization. In this review, we focus on the myriad roles played by regulatory T cells in immunologic tolerance and host homeostasis and the potential to harness these cells in novel therapeutic approaches to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Georgiev
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - SeongJun Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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3
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Singh TP, Farias Amorim C, Lovins VM, Bradley CW, Carvalho LP, Carvalho EM, Grice EA, Scott P. Regulatory T cells control Staphylococcus aureus and disease severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230558. [PMID: 37812390 PMCID: PMC10561556 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes alterations in the skin microbiota, leading to pathologic immune responses and delayed healing. However, it is not known how these microbiota-driven immune responses are regulated. Here, we report that depletion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Staphylococcus aureus-colonized mice resulted in less IL-17 and an IFN-γ-dependent skin inflammation with impaired S. aureus immunity. Similarly, reducing Tregs in S. aureus-colonized and Leishmania braziliensis-infected mice increased IFN-γ, S. aureus, and disease severity. Importantly, analysis of lesions from L. braziliensis patients revealed that low FOXP3 gene expression is associated with high IFNG expression, S. aureus burden, and delayed lesion resolution compared to patients with high FOXP3 expression. Thus, we found a critical role for Tregs in regulating the balance between IL-17 and IFN-γ in the skin, which influences both bacterial burden and disease. These results have clinical ramifications for cutaneous leishmaniasis and other skin diseases associated with a dysregulated microbiome when Tregs are limited or dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Camila Farias Amorim
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria M. Lovins
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles W. Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Servico de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Pesquisas Clinicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Servico de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Pesquisas Clinicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chaudhary MR, Chaudhary S, Sharma Y, Singh TA, Mishra AK, Sharma S, Mehdi MM. Aging, oxidative stress and degenerative diseases: mechanisms, complications and emerging therapeutic strategies. Biogerontology 2023; 24:609-662. [PMID: 37516673 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Aging accompanied by several age-related complications, is a multifaceted inevitable biological progression involving various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The major factor in this process is oxidative stress, caused by an abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ROS and RNS pose a threat by disrupting signaling mechanisms and causing oxidative damage to cellular components. This oxidative stress affects both the ER and mitochondria, causing proteopathies (abnormal protein aggregation), initiation of unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal cellular senescence, ultimately leading to inflammaging (chronic inflammation associated with aging) and, in rare cases, metastasis. RONS during oxidative stress dysregulate multiple metabolic pathways like NF-κB, MAPK, Nrf-2/Keap-1/ARE and PI3K/Akt which may lead to inappropriate cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Inflammaging contributes to the development of inflammatory and degenerative diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and retinopathy. The body's antioxidant systems, sirtuins, autophagy, apoptosis, and biogenesis play a role in maintaining homeostasis, but they have limitations and cannot achieve an ideal state of balance. Certain interventions, such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, dietary habits, and regular exercise, have shown beneficial effects in counteracting the aging process. In addition, interventions like senotherapy (targeting senescent cells) and sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) enhance autophagy and apoptosis for efficient removal of damaged oxidative products and organelles. Further, STACs enhance biogenesis for the regeneration of required organelles to maintain homeostasis. This review article explores the various aspects of oxidative damage, the associated complications, and potential strategies to mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sakshi Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Thokchom Arjun Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Alok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Lee WS, Nam KH, Kim JH, Kim WJ, Kim JE, Shin EC, Kim GR, Choi JM. Alleviating psoriatic skin inflammation through augmentation of Treg cells via CTLA-4 signaling peptide. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233514. [PMID: 37818377 PMCID: PMC10560854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperplasia of keratinocytes and immune cell infiltration. The IL-17-producing T cells play a key role in psoriasis pathogenesis, while regulatory T (Treg) cells are diminished during psoriatic inflammation. Current psoriasis treatments largely focus on IL-17 and IL-23, however, few studies have explored therapeutic drugs targeting an increase of Treg cells to control immune homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) signaling peptide (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) in Th17, Tc17, γδ T cells, Treg cells in vitro and a mouse model of psoriasis. Treatment with dNP2-ctCTLA-4 peptide showed a significant reduction of psoriatic skin inflammation with increased Treg cell proportion and reduced IL-17 production by T cells, indicating a potential role in modulating psoriatic skin disease. We compared dNP2-ctCTLA-4 with CTLA-4-Ig and found that only dNP2-ctCTLA-4 ameliorated the psoriasis progression, with increased Treg cells and inhibited IL-17 production from γδ T cells. In vitro experiments using a T cell-antigen presenting cell co-culture system demonstrated the distinct mechanisms of dNP2-ctCTLA-4 compared to CTLA-4-Ig in the induction of Treg cells. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of dNP2-ctCTLA-4 peptide in psoriasis by augmenting Treg/Teff ratio, offering a new approach to modulating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Ran Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ma S, So M, Ghelani A, Srivas R, Sahoo A, Hall R, Liu W, Wu H, Yu S, Lu S, Song E, Cariaga T, Soto M, Zhou H, Li CM, Chaudhry A, Luo X, Sohn SJ. Attenuated IL-2 muteins leverage the TCR signal to enhance regulatory T cell homeostasis and response in vivo. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257652. [PMID: 37809101 PMCID: PMC10556740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2), along with T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, are required to control regulatory T cell (Treg) homeostasis and function in vivo. Due to the heightened sensitivity to IL-2, Tregs retain the ability to respond to low-dose or attenuated forms of IL-2, as currently being developed for clinical use to treat inflammatory diseases. While attenuated IL-2 increases Treg selectivity, the question remains as to whether a weakened IL-2 signal sufficiently enhances Treg suppressive function(s) toward disease modification. To understand this question, we characterized the in vivo activity and transcriptomic profiles of two different attenuated IL-2 muteins in comparison with wildtype (WT) IL-2. Our study showed that, in addition to favoring Tregs, the attenuated muteins induced disproportionately robust effects on Treg activation and conversion to effector Treg (eTreg) phenotype. Our data furthermore suggested that Tregs activated by attenuated IL-2 muteins showed reduced dependence on TCR signal, at least in part due to the enhanced ability of IL-2 muteins to amplify the TCR signal in vivo. These results point to a new paradigm wherein IL-2 influences Tregs' sensitivity to antigenic signal, and that the combination effect may be leveraged for therapeutic use of attenuated IL-2 muteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shining Ma
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michelle So
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aazam Ghelani
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rohith Srivas
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anupama Sahoo
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robyn Hall
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sherman Yu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shiping Lu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elly Song
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Taryn Cariaga
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marcus Soto
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Hong Zhou
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chi-Ming Li
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Xin Luo
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sue J. Sohn
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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Ni Y, Xiong R, Zhu Y, Luan N, Yu C, Yang K, Wang H, Xu X, Yang Y, Sun S, Shi L, Padde JR, Chen L, Chen L, Hou M, Xu Z, Lai R, Ji M. A target-based discovery from a parasitic helminth as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104751. [PMID: 37579625 PMCID: PMC10448429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can alleviate the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, thereby proposing their role as a new therapeutic strategy. Parasitic helminths have co-evolved with hosts to generate immunological privilege and immune tolerance through inducing Tregs. Thus, constructing a "Tregs-induction"-based discovery pipeline from parasitic helminth is a promising strategy to control autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. METHODS The gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to isolate immunomodulatory components from the egg extracts of Schistosoma japonicum. The extracted peptides were evaluated for their effects on Tregs suppressive functions using flow cytometry, ELISA and T cell suppression assay. Finally, we carried out colitis and psoriasis models to evaluate the function of Tregs induced by helminth-derived peptide in vivo. FINDINGS Here, based on target-driven discovery strategy, we successfully identified a small 3 kDa peptide (SjDX5-53) from egg extracts of schistosome, which promoted both human and murine Tregs production. SjDX5-53 presented immunosuppressive function by arresting dendritic cells (DCs) at an immature state and augmenting the proportion and suppressive capacity of Tregs. In mouse models, SjDX5-53 protected mice against autoimmune-related colitis and psoriasis through inducing Tregs and inhibiting inflammatory T-helper (Th) 1 and Th17 responses. INTERPRETATION SjDX5-53 exhibited the promising therapeutic effects in alleviating the phenotype of immune-related colitis and psoriasis. This study displayed a screening and validation pipeline of the inducer of Tregs from helminth eggs, highlighting the discovery of new biologics inspired by co-evolution of hosts and their parasites. FUNDING This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (82272368) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211586).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyan Xiong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Luan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, China
| | - Chuanxin Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jon Rob Padde
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, China.
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Forde AJ, Kolter J, Zwicky P, Baasch S, Lohrmann F, Eckert M, Gres V, Lagies S, Gorka O, Rambold AS, Buescher JM, Kammerer B, Lachmann N, Prinz M, Groß O, Pearce EJ, Becher B, Henneke P. Metabolic rewiring tunes dermal macrophages in staphylococcal skin infection. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg3517. [PMID: 37566679 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The skin needs to balance tolerance of colonizing microflora with rapid detection of potential pathogens. Flexible response mechanisms would seem most suitable to accommodate the dynamic challenges of effective antimicrobial defense and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we dissected macrophage-intrinsic mechanisms and microenvironmental cues that tune macrophage signaling in localized skin infection with the colonizing and opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Early in skin infection, the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced by γδ T cells and hypoxic conditions within the dermal microenvironment diverted macrophages away from a homeostatic M-CSF- and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent program. This allowed macrophages to be metabolically rewired for maximal inflammatory activity, which requires expression of Irg1 and generation of itaconate, but not HIF-1α. This multifactorial macrophage rewiring program was required for both the timely clearance of bacteria and for the provision of local immune memory. These findings indicate that immunometabolic conditioning allows dermal macrophages to cycle between antimicrobial activity and protection against secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron James Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Baasch
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florens Lohrmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marleen Eckert
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vitka Gres
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- 1 Core Competence Metabolomics, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angelika S Rambold
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- 1 Core Competence Metabolomics, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centre's BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology and Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centre's BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centre's BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Sivasami P, Elkins C, Diaz-Saldana PP, Goss K, Peng A, Hamersky M, Bae J, Xu M, Pollack BP, Horwitz EM, Scharer CD, Seldin L, Li C. Obesity-induced dysregulation of skin-resident PPARγ + Treg cells promotes IL-17A-mediated psoriatic inflammation. Immunity 2023; 56:1844-1861.e6. [PMID: 37478855 PMCID: PMC10527179 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for psoriasis, but how obesity disrupts the regulatory mechanisms that keep skin inflammation in check is unclear. Here, we found that skin was enriched with a unique population of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ drove a distinctive transcriptional program and functional suppression of IL-17A+ γδ T cell-mediated psoriatic inflammation. Diet-induced obesity, however, resulted in a reduction of PPARγ+ skin Treg cells and a corresponding loss of control over IL-17A+ γδ T cell-mediated inflammation. Mechanistically, PPARγ+ skin Treg cells preferentially took up elevated levels of long-chain free fatty acids in obese mice, which led to cellular lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Harnessing the anti-inflammatory properties of these PPARγ+ skin Treg cells could have therapeutic potential for obesity-associated inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cody Elkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pamela P Diaz-Saldana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kyndal Goss
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amy Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Hamersky
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Miaoer Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lindsey Seldin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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10
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Kommoss KS, Enk A, Heikenwälder M, Waisman A, Karbach S, Wild J. Cardiovascular comorbidity in psoriasis - psoriatic inflammation is more than just skin deep. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023. [PMID: 37186503 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing understanding of inflammation in psoriasis beyond its dermatological manifestation, towards systemic inflammation. Management of possible comorbidities encompassing psychological, metabolic and cardiovascular disease is recommended in national and international dermatology guidelines for treatment of psoriasis patients. Vice versa, psoriasis is being recognized as a new risk factor for cardiovascular inflammation within the cardiological community. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted. Key points regarding epidemiological, mechanistic and management aspects were summarized and put into context for physicians treating psoriasis patients. RESULTS Efforts are currently being made to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of systemic inflammation within psoriatic inflammation. Studies looking to "hit two birds with one stone" regarding specifically cardiovascular comorbidities of psoriasis patients using established systemic dermatological therapies have so far provided heterogeneous data. The diagnosis of psoriasis entails preventive and therapeutic consequences regarding concomitant diseases for the individual patient. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of comorbidities in psoriasis calls for pronounced interdisciplinary care of psoriasis patients, to which this article highlights efforts regarding vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Kommoss
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner site RheinMain, Germany
| | - Johannes Wild
- Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner site RheinMain, Germany
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11
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Liu L, Lian N, Shi L, Hao Z, Chen K. Ferroptosis: Mechanism and connections with cutaneous diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1079548. [PMID: 36684424 PMCID: PMC9846271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recognized novel form of programmed cell death pathway, featuring abnormalities in iron metabolism, SystemXc-/glutathione axis, and lipid peroxidation regulation. A variety of ferroptosis inducers can influence glutathione peroxidase directly or indirectly via diverse pathways, leading to decreased antioxidant capacity, accumulated cellular lipid peroxides, and finally inducing ferroptosis. To date, mounting studies confirm the association of ferroptosis with various cutaneous diseases, including skin homeostasis, neoplastic diseases, infectious diseases, genetic skin disease, inflammatory skin diseases, and autoimmune diseases. There are shared characteristics regarding ferroptosis and various cutaneous diseases in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress associated with iron metabolism disorder and accumulated lipid peroxides. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ferroptosis for further discussion of its role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of skin diseases. Gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and the associated dermatological disorders could illuminate the pathogenesis and treatments of different cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Liu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqing Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Kun Chen,
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12
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Zhou XY, Chen K, Zhang JA. Mast cells as important regulators in the development of psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022986. [PMID: 36405690 PMCID: PMC9669610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune skin disease mediated by genetic and environmental factors. As a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, mast cells are involved in the initiation, development, and maintenance of psoriasis by interactions and communication with a variety of cells. The current review describes interactions of mast cells with T cells, Tregs, keratinocytes, adipocytes, and sensory neurons in psoriasis to emphasize the important role of mast cell-centered cell networks in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia-An Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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13
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Yang X, Wang X, Sun X, Xiao M, Fan L, Su Y, Xue L, Luo S, Hou S, Wang H. Construction of five cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and immune activity in skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:972899. [PMID: 36160015 PMCID: PMC9490379 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.972899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a newly discovered new mechanism of programmed cell death, and its unique pathway to regulate cell death is thought to have a unique role in understanding cancer progression and guiding cancer therapy. However, this regulation has not been studied in SKCM at present. In this study, data on Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. We screened the genes related to cuproptosis from the published papers and confirmed the lncRNAs related to them. We applied Univariate/multivariate and LASSO Cox regression algorithms, and finally identified 5 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs for constructing prognosis prediction models (VIM-AS1, AC012443.2, MALINC1, AL354696.2, HSD11B1-AS1). The reliability and validity test of the model indicated that the model could well distinguish the prognosis and survival of SKCM patients. Next, immune microenvironment, immunotherapy analysis, and functional enrichment analysis were also performed. In conclusion, this study is the first analysis based on cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in SKCM and aims to open up new directions for SKCM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Yang, ; Huiping Wang,
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinti Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyun Fan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunwei Su
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Suju Luo
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuping Hou
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Yang, ; Huiping Wang,
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14
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Cho H, Je JH, Kang J, Jeong MG, Song J, Jeon Y, Lee K, Hwang ES. Dimeric translationally controlled tumor protein-binding peptide 2 attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation through induction of regulatory T cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113245. [PMID: 35689858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammation caused by a dysfunctional immune system, which causes systemic inflammation in various organs and tissues. Due to the risk of systemic inflammation and recurrence of psoriasis, it is important to identify the critical targets in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and develop targeted therapeutics. Dimerized translationally controlled tumor protein (dTCTP) promotes immune cell activation as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a role in developing allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. Here, we sought to explore whether dTCTP and its inhibition contributed to the development and control of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. Topical application of IMQ inflamed the skin of the back and ear, increased inflammatory cytokines, and decreased regulatory T cell markers. Interestingly, TCTP was significantly increased in inflamed skin and immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and macrophages after IMQ treatment and was secreted into the serum to undergo dimerization. Extracellular dTCTP treatment selectively suppressed regulatory T (Treg) cells, not other effector T helper (Th) cells, and increased M1 macrophages. Moreover, dTCTP-binding peptide 2 (dTBP2), a dTCTP inhibitor peptide, effectively attenuated the systemic inflammatory responses, including Th17 cell response, and alleviated psoriatic skin inflammation. dTBP2 blocked dTCTP-mediated Treg suppression and stimulated the expression of Treg cell markers in the spleen and inflammatory skin lesions. These results suggest that dTCTP dysregulated immune balance through Treg suppression in psoriatic inflammation and that functional inhibition of dTCTP by dTBP2 maintained immune homeostasis and attenuated inflammatory skin diseases by expanding Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Je
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jio Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jiseo Song
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Yejin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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15
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Zhou LY, Xie Y, Li Y. Bifidobacterium infantis regulates the programmed cell death 1 pathway and immune response in mice with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3164-3176. [PMID: 36051332 PMCID: PMC9331522 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by an abnormal immune response. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immunostimulatory molecule, which interacts with PD ligand (PD-L1) playing a prime important role among autoimmune diseases. Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis) can promote the differentiation of CD (cluster of differentiation) 4+ T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs participate in the development of IBD and may be related to disease activity. B. infantis amplify the expression level of PD-1, PD-L1 and Tregs’ nuclear transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). But the mechanism of B. infantis on PD-1/PD-L1 signaling remains unclear.
AIM To explore the mechanism of B. infantis regulating the immune response in IBD.
METHODS Forty-eight-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: The control group, dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model group, DSS + B. infantis group, DSS + B. infantis + anti-PD-L1 group, and DSS + anti-PD-L1 group. The control group mice were given drinking water freely, the other four groups were given drinking water containing 5% DSS freely. The control group, DSS model group, and DSS + anti-PD-L1 group were given normal saline (NS) 400 μL daily by gastric lavage, and the DSS + B. infantis group and DSS + B. infantis + anti-PD-L1 group were given NS and 1 × 109 colony-forming unit of B. infantis daily by gastric lavage. The DSS + B. infantis + anti-PD-L1 group and DSS + anti-PD-L1 group were given 200 μg of PD-L1 blocker intraperitoneally at days 0, 3, 5, and 7; the control group, DSS + anti-PD-L1 group, and DSS + B. infantis group were given an intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Changes in PD-L1, PD-1, Foxp3, interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) 1 protein and gene expression were observed. Flow cytometry was used to observe changes in CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cell numbers in the blood and spleen.
RESULTS Compared to the control group, the expression of PD-1, Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in the intestinal tract of the DSS mice (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the proportion of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cells in spleen and blood of DSS group was visibly katabatic (P < 0.05). B. infantis upgraded the express of PD-L1, PD-1, Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cells both in spleen and blood (P < 0.05). After blocking PD-L1, the increase in Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 protein and gene by B. infantis was inhibited (P < 0.05), and the proliferation of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cells in the spleen and blood was also inhibited (P < 0.05). After blocking PD-L1, the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of PD-1 were invariant.
CONCLUSION It is potential that B. infantis boost the proliferation of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ T cells in both spleen and blood, as well as the expression of Foxp3 in the intestinal tract by activating the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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16
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The immunoregulatory effects of natural products on psoriasis via its action on Th17 cells versus regulatory T cells balance. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109032. [PMID: 35810491 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an incurable, chronic inflammatory disease, which brings a substantial burden on individuals and society. Currently, the treatment of psoriasis has entered the era of biologics, but its highly targeting of inflammatory mediators may enable the immune response to circumvent the blockade, leading to disease recurrence, or other clinical and immunological characteristics. Therefore, the discovery of new therapies that have the ability of multidirectional regulation on immunity and maintain the dynamic balance of immunity in psoriasis, may be the key to the treatment of the disease. Natural products extracted from herbal medicines have synergistic effects to alleviate psoriasis and its comorbidities because of their structural diversity and multiple active mechanisms. To date, the characteristics of natural products regulating T helper 17 (Th17) cells/regulatory T (Treg) cells balance in the treatment of psoriasis have attracted more and more attention from basic and clinical studies. In this review, we systematically introduced the natural products regulating the balance of Th17/Treg and their specific mechanism of action, finding Datura metel L, Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), Thymol, Kaempferol, Aloperine, Abietic acid (AA), Isogarcinol, Luteolin reduced the frequency and function of Th17 cells and simultaneously increased that of Treg cells. It is expected that our work can provide a reference for clinicians in drug use.
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17
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Su S, Katopodi XL, Pita-Juarez YH, Maverakis E, Vlachos IS, Adamopoulos IE. Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 deficiency alters pathways involved in IL-17A expression and is implicated in human psoriasis. Clin Immunol 2022; 240:109041. [PMID: 35613697 PMCID: PMC10797199 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Serine and Arginine Rich Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) is a splicing factor that binds to exonic enhancers and stimulates splicing and is previously implicated with autoimmunity. Herein, we investigate the role of SRSF1 in regulating innate immune functions that are pertinent in the pathogenesis of auto-inflammatory diseases. Specifically, we show that conditional deletion of SRSF1 in mature lymphocytes resulted in higher expression of il-17a and il-17 f and an expansion of IL17A+ CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, the aberrant expression of IL-17A in SRSF1 cKO mice could not be attributed to alternative splicing of il-17a or il-17 f genes but possibly to defective CD11B+LY6C+ myeloid derived suppressor function in the spleen. Finally, meta-analysis of RNA-Seq collected from psoriasis patients demonstrate a clear correlation between SRSF1 and psoriasis that suggests a putative role of SRSF1 in IL-17A-induced psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Su
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xanthi-Lida Katopodi
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yered H Pita-Juarez
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Muñoz-Durango N, Gómez A, García-Valencia N, Roldán M, Ochoa M, Bautista-Erazo DE, Ramírez-Pineda JR. A Mouse Model of Ulcerative Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis to Investigate Infection, Pathogenesis, Immunity, and Therapeutics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907631. [PMID: 35770175 PMCID: PMC9234518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis (L(V)p) that reproduces the characteristics of the human disease remains elusive. Here we report the development of a CL model that uses a mouse-adapted L(V)p isolate to reproducibly induce a dermal disease with a remarkable similarity to human CL. BALB/c mice infected intradermally in the ear with 105 stationary UA-946 L(V)p promastigotes develop a progressive cutaneous disease that exhibits the typical ulcerated lesions with indurated borders observed in CL patients. Although most of parasites in the inoculum die within the first week of infection, the survivors vigorously multiply at the infection site during the following weeks, paralleling disease appearance and aggravation. Regional lymphadenopathy as well as lymphatic dissemination of parasites to draining lymph nodes (dLN) was evidenced early after infection. Viable parasites were also isolated from spleen at later timepoints indicating systemic parasitic dissemination, but, strikingly, no signs of systemic disease were observed. Increasing numbers of myeloid cells and T lymphocytes producing IFNγ and IL-4 were observed in the dLN as disease progressed. A mixed adaptive L(V)p-specific T cell-mediated response was induced, since ex vivo recall experiments using dLN cells and splenocytes revealed the production of type 1 (IFNγ, IL-2), type 2 (IL-4, IL-13), regulatory (IL-10), and inflammatory (GM-CSF, IL-3) cytokines. Humoral adaptive response was characterized by early production of IgG1- followed by IgG2a-type of L(V)p-specific antibodies. IFNγ/IL-4 and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios indicated that the initial non-protective Th2 response was redirected toward a protective Th1 response. In situ studies revealed a profuse recruitment of myeloid cells and of IFNγ- and IL-4-producing T lymphocytes to the site of infection, and the typical histopathological changes induced by dermotropic Leishmania species. Evidence that this model is suitable to investigate pharmacological and immunomodulatory interventions, as well as for antigen discovery and vaccine development, is also presented. Altogether, these results support the validity and utility of this novel mouse model to study the pathogenesis, immunity, and therapeutics of L(V)p infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alexander Gómez
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia García-Valencia
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Miguel Roldán
- Instituto de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marcela Ochoa
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David E. Bautista-Erazo
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José R. Ramírez-Pineda
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: José R. Ramírez-Pineda,
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19
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West HC, Davies J, Henderson S, Adegun OK, Ward S, Ferrer IR, Tye CA, Vallejo AF, Jardine L, Collin M, Polak ME, Bennett CL. Loss of T cell tolerance in the skin following immunopathology is linked to failed restoration of the dermal niche by recruited macrophages. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110819. [PMID: 35584681 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell pathology in the skin leads to monocyte influx, but we have little understanding of the fate of recruited cells within the diseased niche, or the long-term impact on cutaneous immune homeostasis. By combining a murine model of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) with analysis of patient samples, we demonstrate that pathology initiates dermis-specific macrophage differentiation and show that aGVHD-primed macrophages continue to dominate the dermal compartment at the relative expense of quiescent MHCIIint cells. Exposure of the altered dermal niche to topical haptens after disease resolution results in hyper-activation of regulatory T cells (Treg), but local breakdown in tolerance. Disease-imprinted macrophages express increased IL-1β and are predicted to elicit altered TNF superfamily interactions with cutaneous Treg, and we demonstrate the direct loss of T cell regulation within the resolved skin. Thus, T cell pathology leaves an immunological scar in the skin marked by failure to re-set immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C West
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - James Davies
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Oluyori K Adegun
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophie Ward
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ivana R Ferrer
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Chanidapa A Tye
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Collin
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clare L Bennett
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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20
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Borroto A, Alarcón B, Navarro MN. Mutation of the Polyproline Sequence in CD3ε Evidences TCR Signaling Requirements for Differentiation and Function of Pro-Inflammatory Tγδ17 Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799919. [PMID: 35432331 PMCID: PMC9008450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tγδ17 cells have emerged as a key population in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis. Thus, the therapeutic intervention of Tγδ17 cells can exert protective effects in this type of pathologies. Tγδ cells commit to IL-17 production during thymus development, and upon immune challenge, additional extrathymic signals induce the differentiation of uncommitted Tγδ cells into Tγδ17 effector cells. Despite the interest in Tγδ17 cells during the past 20 years, the role of TCR signaling in the generation and function of Tγδ17 cells has not been completely elucidated. While some studies point to the notion that Tγδ17 differentiation requires weak or no TCR signaling, other works suggest that Tγδ17 require the participation of specific kinases and adaptor molecules downstream of the TCR. Here we have examined the differentiation and pathogenic function of Tγδ17 cells in “knockin” mice bearing conservative mutations in the CD3ε polyproline rich sequence (KI-PRS) with attenuated TCR signaling due to lack of binding of the essential adaptor Nck. KI-PRS mice presented decreased frequency and numbers of Tγδ17 cells in adult thymus and lymph nodes. In the Imiquimod model of skin inflammation, KI-PRS presented attenuated skin inflammation parameters compared to wild-type littermates. Moreover, the generation, expansion and effector function Tγδ17 cells were impaired in KI-PRS mice upon Imiquimod challenge. Thus, we conclude that an intact CD3ε-PRS sequence is required for optimal differentiation and pathogenic function of Tγδ17 cells. These data open new opportunities for therapeutic targeting of specific TCR downstream effectors for treatment of Tγδ17-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Borroto
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María N Navarro
- Interactions with the Environment Program, Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Lee J, Kim D, Min B. Tissue Resident Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: Sentinels and Saboteurs in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865593. [PMID: 35359918 PMCID: PMC8963273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are a CD4 T cell subset with unique immune regulatory function that are indispensable in immunity and tolerance. Their indisputable importance has been investigated in numerous disease settings and experimental models. Despite the extensive efforts in determining the cellular and molecular mechanisms operating their functions, our understanding their biology especially in vivo remains limited. There is emerging evidence that Treg cells resident in the non-lymphoid tissues play a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and repair. Furthermore, tissue-specific properties of those Treg cells that allow them to express tissue specific functions have been explored. In this review, we will discuss the potential mechanisms and key cellular/molecular factors responsible for the homeostasis and functions of tissue resident Treg cells under steady-state and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Booki Min,
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22
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Zhang W, Lin J, Shi P, Su D, Cheng X, Yi W, Yan J, Chen H, Cheng F. Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived From MSCs Have Immunomodulatory Effects to Enhance Delivery of ASO-210 for Psoriasis Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842813. [PMID: 35359454 PMCID: PMC8960430 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly used for treating autoimmune diseases due to their immune modulation functions, but inefficient homing to the target tissue and safety issues limits their wide application. Recently, increasing studies demonstrate small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as key mediators of MSCs to exert their immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we found that sEVs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs stimulated by IFN-γ (IFNγ-sEVs) inhibited proliferation and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells in vitro. Furthermore, we confirmed that IFNγ-sEVs reduced psoriasis symptoms including thickness, erythema, and scales of skin lesions; exhausted Th17 cells, increased Th2 cells; and reduced enrichment of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α in both spleen and skin lesions in vivo. Importantly, IFNγ-sEVs significantly improved the delivery efficiency and stability of ASO-210, the antisense oligonucleotides of miR-210 block the immune imbalance and subsequent psoriasis development. Our results reveal MSC-sEVs as promising cell-free therapeutic agents and ideal delivery vehicles of antisense oligonucleotides for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxiong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peilin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenkai Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Cheng, ; Hongbo Chen,
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Cheng, ; Hongbo Chen,
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23
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Zhao L, Shi W, Hu F, Song X, Cheng Z, Zhou J. Prolonged oral ingestion of microplastics induced inflammation in the liver tissues of C57BL/6J mice through polarization of macrophages and increased infiltration of natural killer cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112882. [PMID: 34700168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (< 5 mm diameter) are one of most important environmental pollutants and contaminants worldwide. However, how microplastics affect liver immune microenvironment in not well understood. Microplastics (0.5 µm) were administered orally to C57BL/6J mice for 4 consecutive weeks at the rate of 0.5 mg/day. Non-parenchymal cells were isolated from of the mice through fractionation of fresh hepatic tissues. The immune landscape for four cell populations of B cells, T cells, NK cells and macrophages in the liver tissues was then evaluated using flow cytometry. The secretion level of inflammatory cytokines and associated signaling pathway were investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Oral ingestion of microplastics increases liver weight, general liver index as well as expression of serum, liver function-related indicators. Microplastics also increased the infiltration of natural killer cells and macrophages to non-parenchymal liver cells, but reduced that of B cells to the same tissues. However, microplastics had no effect on the infiltration of T cell to non-parenchymal liver cells. Ingestion of MPs also up-regulated the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-33 mRNA, but down-regulated that of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-18 and TGF-β1. Overall, the aforementioned processes were regulated via the NF-κB pathway in the hepatic non-parenchymal cells. Microplastics disrupts inflammatory process in liver tissues via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide a strong foundation on immune processes in hepatic tissues following prolonged ingestion of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangtao Zhao
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xujun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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24
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Zwicky P, Ingelfinger F, Silva de Melo BM, Ruchti F, Schärli S, Puertas N, Lutz M, Phan TS, Kündig TM, Levesque MP, Maul JT, Schlapbach C, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Mundt S, Becher B. IL-12 regulates type 3 immunity through interfollicular keratinocytes in psoriasiform inflammation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg9012. [PMID: 34678045 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Marcel Silva de Melo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fiorella Ruchti
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Schärli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Puertas
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Lutz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Truong San Phan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia-Tatjana Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Rodrigues SC, Cardoso RMS, Freire PC, Gomes CF, Duarte FV, Neves RPD, Simões-Correia J. Immunomodulatory Properties of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9797. [PMID: 34575956 PMCID: PMC8468428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has long been seen as a rich source of naïve cells with strong regenerative potential, likely mediated by paracrine signals. More recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEV), such as exosomes, have been shown to play essential roles in cell-to-cell communication, via the transport of numerous molecules, including small RNAs. Often explored for their potential as biomarkers, sEV are now known to have regenerative and immunomodulating characteristics, particularly if isolated from stem cell-rich tissues. In this study, we aim to characterize the immunomodulating properties of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell-derived sEV (UCB-MNC-sEV) and explore their therapeutic potential for inflammatory skin diseases. UCB-MNC-sEV were shown to shift macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, which in turn exert paracrine effects on fibroblasts, despite previous inflammatory stimuli. Additionally, the incubation of PBMC with UCB-MNC-sEV resulted in a reduction of total CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and cytokine release, while specifically supporting the development of regulatory T-cells (Treg), by influencing FOXP3 expression. In a 3D model of psoriatic skin, UCB-MNC-sEV reduced the expression of inflammatory and psoriatic markers IL6, IL8, CXCL10, COX2, S100A7, and DEFB4. In vivo, UCB-MNC-sEV significantly prevented or reversed acanthosis in imiquimod-induced psoriasis, and tendentially increased the number of Treg in skin, without having an overall impact on disease burden. This work provides evidence for the anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic effect of UCB-MNC-sEV, which may be harnessed for the treatment of Th17-driven inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C. Rodrigues
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato M. S. Cardoso
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Patricia C. Freire
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Cláudia F. Gomes
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Filipe V. Duarte
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Simões-Correia
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Pan Y, You Y, Sun L, Sui Q, Liu L, Yuan H, Chen C, Liu J, Wen X, Dai L, Sun H. The STING antagonist H-151 ameliorates psoriasis via suppression of STING/NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4907-4922. [PMID: 34460100 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein engages in sensing of cytosolic DNA to initiate dsDNA-driven immune responses. In vitro and in vivo anti-psoriasis effects of STING antagonist H-151 were explored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We analysed the gene expression profile of STING and related downstream targets in the skin samples of healthy people and psoriasis patients from the GEO database. Cellular inhibitory activity of H-151 on STING pathway was confirmed via qPCR and western blotting. The preventive effect of topical application of H-151 on imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice was examined through histological, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, flow cytometric analysis, ELISA Kits and other approaches. Preliminary mechanistic studies were also performed. KEY RESULTS Gene expressions of STING and its downstream target were up-regulated in lesional skin samples from psoriasis patients. Topical administration of H-151 attenuated the skin lesions in imiquimod-induced psoriatic mouse model, while the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23 and IL-6), infiltration of M1 macrophages and differentiation of Th17 cells were significantly suppressed by H-151 treatment. Mechanistically, H-151 inhibited STING/NF-κB signalling in both keratinocytes and immune cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS H-151 displayed anti-inflammatory activity in both keratinocytes and immune cells, and decreased the severity of psoriatic response in vivo. Inhibition of STING signalling pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach to psoriasis and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanping You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qibang Sui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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27
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Ross RL, Corinaldesi C, Migneco G, Carr IM, Antanaviciute A, Wasson CW, Carriero A, Distler JHW, Holmes S, El-Sherbiny YM, McKimmie CS, Del Galdo F. Targeting human plasmacytoid dendritic cells through BDCA2 prevents skin inflammation and fibrosis in a novel xenotransplant mouse model of scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:920-929. [PMID: 33542104 PMCID: PMC8237203 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma (SSc). However, this has been derived from indirect evidence using ex vivo human samples or mouse pDC in vivo. We have developed human-specific pDC models to directly identify their role in inflammation and fibrosis, as well as attenuation of pDC function with BDCA2-targeting to determine its therapeutic application. METHODS RNAseq of human pDC with TLR9 agonist ODN2216 and humanised monoclonal BDCA2 antibody, CBS004. Organotypic skin rafts consisting of fibroblasts and keratinocytes were stimulated with supernatant from TLR9-stimulated pDC and with CBS004. Human pDC were xenotransplanted into Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD SCID) mice treated with Aldara (inflammatory model), or bleomycin (fibrotic model) with CBS004 or human IgG control. Skin punch biopsies were used to assess gene and protein expression. RESULTS RNAseq shows TLR9-induced activation of human pDC goes beyond type I interferon (IFN) secretion, which is functionally inactivated by BDCA2-targeting. Consistent with these findings, we show that BDCA2-targeting of pDC can completely suppress in vitro skin IFN-induced response. Most importantly, xenotransplantation of human pDC significantly increased in vivo skin IFN-induced response to TLR agonist and strongly enhanced fibrotic and immune response to bleomycin compared with controls. In these contexts, BDCA2-targeting suppressed human pDC-specific pathological responses. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that human pDC play a key role in inflammation and immune-driven skin fibrosis, which can be effectively blocked by BDCA2-targeting, providing direct evidence supporting the development of attenuation of pDC function as a therapeutic application for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Ross
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Clarissa Corinaldesi
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Migneco
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian M Carr
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher W Wasson
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Antonio Carriero
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Rheumatology Department of Lucania, Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL), Potenza, Italy
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Clive S McKimmie
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Virus Host Interactions Team, Section of Infection and Immunity, University of Leeds Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, UK
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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Yu Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Lu J, Cui L, Yu Z, Ding Y, Guo C, Zhang X, Shi Y. Infliximab modifies regulatory T cells and co-inhibitory receptor expression on circulating T cells in psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107722. [PMID: 33965878 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a T cell-mediated autoimmune skin disease. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that co-inhibitory receptors (CIRs) play a vital role in regulating T cell-mediated immune response, especially in neoplasm and autoimmunity. However, the immuno-function of CIRs in the development of psoriasis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the expression of CIRs on the circulating T lymphocytes of psoriasis patients before and after anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy. METHODS We enrolled 17 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, 17 patients with mild plaque psoriasis, and 18 healthy controls in this study. Fourteen of the moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients were treated with infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α. Peripheral blood was collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted. The proportion of T cell subsets along with their expression of CIRs, namely T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), B and T lymphocyte-associated protein (BTLA), endothelial protein C receptor (PROCR), podoplanin (PDPN), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and T cell immunoglobulin mucin family containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), were determined by flow cytometric assay. RESULTS The moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis patients had less circulating Tregs, which increased after infliximab treatment. They also had decreased TIGIT, LAG-3 but increased PDPN expression on peripheral CD4+ T cells. Infliximab enhanced TIGIT, LAG-3, CTLA-4 but reduced PROCR expression on circulating CD4+ T cells. Remarkably, both the frequency of circulating Tregs and the expression level of TIGIT on CD4+ T cells at baseline (pre-treatment) negatively correlated with the extent of PASI score reduction benefited from infliximab therapy. CONCLUSION Anti-TNF-α therapy increased the frequency of Tregs and TIGIT, LAG-3, CTLA-4 expression but reduced PROCR expression on circulating CD4+ T cells in psoriasis patients. The baseline proportion of Tregs and the expression level of TIGIT on circulating CD4+ T cells might serve as predictive markers for the degree of disease remission benefited from infliximab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiajing Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lian Cui
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zengyang Yu
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yangfeng Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunyuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Differential Changes in Inflammatory Mononuclear Phagocyte and T-Cell Profiles within Psoriatic Skin during Treatment with Guselkumab vs. Secukinumab. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1707-1718.e9. [PMID: 33524368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular sources of IL-23 and IL-17A driving skin inflammation in psoriasis remain unclear. Using high-dimensional unsupervised flow cytometry analysis, mononuclear phagocytes and T cells were examined in the same lesions of patients before and during guselkumab (IL-23p19 blocker) or secukinumab (IL-17A blocker) treatment. Among CD11c+HLA-DR+ mononuclear phagocytes, CD64brightCD163-CD14brightCD1c-CD1a‒ inflammatory monocyte‒like cells were the predominant IL-23-producing cells and, together with CD64-CD163-CD14-IL-23p19-TNF-α+ inflammatory dendritic cell‒like cells, were increased in lesional compared with those in nonlesional skin taken from the same patient. Within T cells, CD8+CD49a+ and/or CD103+ tissue-resident memory T cells, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, and CD4+CD49a-CD103- T cells were increased. Moreover, CD4+CD49a-CD103- T cells and the relatively rare CD8+ memory T cells equally contributed to IL-17A production. Both treatments decreased the frequencies of inflammatory monocyte‒like, inflammatory dendritic cell‒like, and CD4+CD49a-CD103- T cells. In contrast, guselkumab reduced memory T cells while maintaining regulatory T cells and vice versa for secukinumab. Neither drug modified the frequencies of IL-17A+IL‒17F+/- CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. This study reveals the identity of the major IL-23+ mononuclear phagocyte and IL-17+ T-cell subsets in psoriatic skin lesions and paves the way for a better understanding of the mode of action of drugs targeting the IL-23/IL-17A pathway in psoriasis.
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Mukhatayev Z, Ostapchuk YO, Fang D, Le Poole IC. Engineered antigen-specific regulatory T cells for autoimmune skin conditions. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102761. [PMID: 33476816 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells responsible for the regulation of immune responses, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis and providing immune tolerance to both self and non-self-antigens. An increasing number of studies revealed Treg numbers and functions in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Treg deficiency can cause the development of several autoimmune skin diseases including vitiligo, alopecia areata, pemphigoid and pemphigus, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. Many clinical trials have been performed for autoimmune conditions using polyclonal Tregs, but efficiency can be significantly improved using antigen-specific Tregs engineered using T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs. In this review, we systematically reviewed altered frequencies, impaired functions, and phenotypic features of Tregs in autoimmune skin conditions. We also summarized new advances in TCR and CAR based antigen-specific Tregs tested both in animal models and in clinics. The advantages and limitations of each approach were carefully discussed emphasizing possible clinical relevance to patients with autoimmune skin diseases. Moreover, we have reviewed potential approaches for engineering antigen-specific Tregs, and strategies for overcoming possible hurdles in clinical applications. Thereby, antigen-specific Tregs can be infused using autologous adoptive cell transfer to restore Treg numbers and to provide local immune tolerance for autoimmune skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhussipbek Mukhatayev
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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31
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Nussbaum L, Chen YL, Ogg GS. Role of regulatory T cells in psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:14-24. [PMID: 32628773 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a strong genetic component that can be triggered by environmental factors. Disease pathogenesis is mainly driven by type 1 and type 17 cytokine-producing cells which, in healthy individuals, are modulated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play a fundamental role in immune homeostasis and contribute to the prevention of autoimmune disease by suppressing immune responses. In psoriasis, Tregs are impaired in their suppressive function leading to an altered T-helper 17/Treg balance. Although Treg dysfunction in patients with psoriasis is associated with disease exacerbation, it is unknown how they are functionally regulated. In this review, we discuss recent insights into Tregs in the setting of psoriasis with an emphasis on the effect of current treatments on Tregs and how already available therapeutics that modulate Treg frequency or functionality could be exploited for treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nussbaum
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Y L Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G S Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Phan TS, Schink L, Mann J, Merk VM, Zwicky P, Mundt S, Simon D, Kulms D, Abraham S, Legler DF, Noti M, Brunner T. Keratinocytes control skin immune homeostasis through de novo-synthesized glucocorticoids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe0337. [PMID: 33514551 PMCID: PMC7846173 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC), synthesized by the 11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1), control excessive inflammation through immunosuppressive actions. The skin was proposed to regulate homeostasis by autonomous GC production in keratinocytes. However, their immunosuppressive capacity and clinical relevance remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the potential of skin-derived GC and their role in the regulation of physiological and prevalent inflammatory skin conditions. In line with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency in human inflammatory skin disorders, genetic in vivo Cyp11b1 ablation and long-term GC deficiency in keratinocytes primed the murine skin immune system resulting in spontaneous skin inflammation. Deficient skin GC in experimental models for inflammatory skin disorders led to exacerbated contact hypersensitivity and psoriasiform skin inflammation accompanied by decreased regulatory T cells and the involvement of unconventional T cells. Our findings provide insights on how skin homeostasis and pathology are critically regulated by keratinocyte-derived GC, emphasizing the immunoregulatory potential of endogenous GC in the regulation of epithelial immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong San Phan
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schink
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mann
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Verena M Merk
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Abraham
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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Sconocchia T, Hochgerner M, Schwarzenberger E, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Borek I, Benezeder T, Bauer T, Zyulina V, Painsi C, Passegger C, Wolf P, Sibilia M, Strobl H. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates skin inflammation via modulating dendritic cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1810-1822.e9. [PMID: 33250156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β family that signal via the BMP receptor (BMPR) signaling cascade, distinct from canonical TGF-β signaling. BMP downstream signaling is strongly induced within epidermal keratinocytes in cutaneous psoriatic lesions, and BMP7 instructs monocytic cells to acquire characteristics of psoriasis-associated Langerhans dendritic cells (DCs). Regulatory T (Treg)-cell numbers strongly increase during psoriatic skin inflammation and were recently shown to limit psoriatic skin inflammation. However, the factors mediating Treg-cell accumulation in psoriatic skin currently remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of BMP signaling in Treg-cell accumulation in psoriasis. METHODS The following methods were used: immunohistology of patients and healthy controls; ex vivo models of Treg-cell generation in the presence or absence of Langerhans cells; analysis of BMP versus canonical TGF-β signaling in DCs and Treg cells; and modeling of psoriatic skin inflammation in mice lacking the BMPR type 1a in CD11c+ cells. RESULTS We here demonstrated a positive correlation between Treg-cell numbers and epidermal BMP7 expression in cutaneous psoriatic lesions and show that unlike Treg cells from healthy skin, a portion of inflammation-associated Treg cells exhibit constitutive-active BMP signaling. We further found that BMPR signaling licenses inflammation-associated Langerhans cell/DC to gain an enhanced capacity to promote Treg cells via BMPR-mediated CD25 induction and that this effect is associated with reduced skin inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Psoriatic lesions are marked by constitutive high BMP7/BMPR signaling in keratinocytes, which instructs inflammatory DCs to gain enhanced Treg-cell-stimulatory activity. Locally secreted BMP7 can directly promote Treg-cell generation through the BMP signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Sconocchia
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Hochgerner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carmen Tam-Amersdorfer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Izabela Borek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Zyulina
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christina Passegger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Olson KE, Namminga KL, Schwab AD, Thurston MJ, Lu Y, Woods A, Lei L, Shen W, Wang F, Joseph SB, Gendelman HE, Mosley RL. Neuroprotective Activities of Long-Acting Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (mPDM608) in 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Intoxicated Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1861-1877. [PMID: 32638217 PMCID: PMC7851309 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of dopaminergic neurons along the nigrostriatal axis, neuroinflammation, and peripheral immune dysfunction are the pathobiological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been successfully tested for PD treatment. GM-CSF is a known immune modulator that induces regulatory T cells (Tregs) and serves as a neuronal protectant in a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its short half-life, limited biodistribution, and potential adverse effects, alternative long-acting treatment schemes are of immediate need. A long-acting mouse GM-CSF (mPDM608) was developed through Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research. Following mPDM608 treatment, complete hematologic and chemistry profiles and T-cell phenotypes and functions were determined. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory capacities of mPDM608 were assessed in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice that included transcriptomic immune profiles. Treatment with a single dose of mPDM608 resulted in dose-dependent spleen and white blood cell increases with parallel enhancements in Treg numbers and immunosuppressive function. A shift in CD4+ T-cell gene expression towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype corresponded with decreased microgliosis and increased dopaminergic neuronal cell survival. mPDM608 elicited a neuroprotective peripheral immune transformation. The observed phenotypic shift and neuroprotective response was greater than observed with recombinant GM-CSF (rGM-CSF) suggesting human PDM608 as a candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Krista L. Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Aaron D. Schwab
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Mackenzie J. Thurston
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Ashley Woods
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Weijun Shen
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Sean B. Joseph
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 6898-5880 USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 6898-5880 USA
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Zhu WJ, Li P, Wang L, Xu YC. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1: A potential pharmacological target to manage psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Proenkephalin + regulatory T cells expanded by ultraviolet B exposure maintain skin homeostasis with a healing function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20696-20705. [PMID: 32769209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000372117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, expressing CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor α chain) and Foxp3 transcription factor, maintain immunological self-tolerance and suppress various immune responses. Here we report a feature of skin Treg cells expanded by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. We found that skin Treg cells possessing a healing function are expanded by UVB exposure with the expression of an endogenous opioid precursor, proenkephalin (PENK). Upon UVB exposure, skin Treg cells were expanded with a unique TCR repertoire. Also, they highly expressed a distinctive set of genes enriched in "wound healing involved in inflammatory responses" and the "neuropeptide signaling pathway," as indicated by the high expression of Penk. We found that not only was PENK expression at the protein level detected in the UVB-expanded skin Treg (UVB-skin Treg) cells, but that a PENK-derived neuropeptide, methionine enkephalin (Met-ENK), from Treg cells promoted the outgrowth of epidermal keratinocytes in an ex vivo skin explant assay. Notably, UVB-skin Treg cells also promoted wound healing in an in vivo wound closure assay. In addition, UVB-skin Treg cells produced amphiregulin (AREG), which plays a key role in Treg-mediated tissue repair. Identification of a unique function of PENK+ UVB-skin Treg cells provides a mechanism for maintaining skin homeostasis.
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Alvarez P, Augustín JJ, Tamayo E, Iglesias M, Acinas O, Mendiguren MA, Vázquez JA, Genre F, San Segundo D, Merino J, Merino R. Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor Treatment in Psoriasis and Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1547-1558. [PMID: 32249544 DOI: 10.1002/art.41272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibitor BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) has been shown to control differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes into either tolerogenic Treg cells or pathogenic Th17 cells, through the regulation of TGFβ and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling strength. The present study was undertaken to explore the potential beneficial effects of this strategy of pharmacologic inhibition using novel anti-BAMBI monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in different experimental murine models of chronic skin and joint inflammatory/autoimmune disease. METHODS Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan-induced psoriatic arthritis (MIP) (n = 18-30 mice per group), imiquimod-induced skin psoriasis (n = 20-30 mice per group), or type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) (n = 13-16 mice per group) was analyzed in a total of 2-5 different experiments with either wild-type (WT) or BAMBI-deficient B10.RIII mice that were left untreated or treated with mAb B101.37 (mouse IgG1 anti-BAMBI), a mouse IgG1 anti-TNP isotype control, anti-CD25, or anti-TGFβ mAb. RESULTS Treatment of normal mice with IgG1 anti-BAMBI mAb clone B101.37 led to expansion of Treg cells in vivo, and had both preventive and therapeutic effects in mice with MIP (each P < 0.05 versus controls). The conferred protection against disease progression was found to be mediated by Treg cells, which controlled the activation and expansion of pathogenic IL-17-producing cells, and was dependent on the level of TGFβ activity. Furthermore, treatment with B101.37 mAb blocked both the development of skin psoriasis induced by imiquimod and the development of CIA in mice (each P < 0.05 versus controls). Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of BAMBI with the IgM anti-BAMBI mAb B143.14 also potentiated the suppressive activity of Treg cells in vitro (P < 0.001 versus controls). CONCLUSION These results in murine models identify BAMBI as a promising new therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases and other pathologic conditions modulated by Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alvarez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Esther Tamayo
- IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Olga Acinas
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Merino
- IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
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Chicharro P, Rodríguez-Jiménez P, Llamas-Velasco M, Montes N, Sanz-García A, Cibrian D, Vara A, Gómez MJ, Jiménez-Fernández M, Martínez-Fleta P, Sánchez-García I, Lozano-Prieto M, Triviño JC, Miñambres R, Sánchez-Madrid F, de la Fuente H, Dauden E. Expression of miR-135b in Psoriatic Skin and Its Association with Disease Improvement. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071603. [PMID: 32630692 PMCID: PMC7408353 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have been associated with psoriasis since just over a decade. However, we are far from a complete understanding of their role during the development of this disease. Our objective was to characterize the cutaneous expression of miRNAs not previously described in psoriasis, the changes induced following the treatment with biologicals and their association with disease improvement. Next generation sequencing was performed from five skin samples from psoriasis patients (lesional and non-lesional skin) and five controls, and from this cohort, 12 microRNAs were selected to be analyzed in skin samples from 44 patients with plaque psoriasis. In 15 patients, an additional sample was obtained after three months of biological treatment. MiR-9-5p, miR-133a-3p and miR-375 were downregulated in the lesional skin of psoriasis patients. After treatment, expression of miR-133a-3p, miR-375, miR-378a and miR-135b in residual lesions returned towards the levels observed in non-lesional skin. The decrease in miR-135b levels after treatment with biologics was associated with both the improvement of patients evaluated through Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score and the decrease in local inflammatory response. Moreover, basal expression of miR-135b along with age was associated with the improvement of psoriasis, suggesting its possible usefulness as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Chicharro
- Dermatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (P.C.); (P.R.-J.); (M.L.-V.); (E.D.)
| | - Pedro Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Dermatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (P.C.); (P.R.-J.); (M.L.-V.); (E.D.)
| | - Mar Llamas-Velasco
- Dermatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (P.C.); (P.R.-J.); (M.L.-V.); (E.D.)
| | - Nuria Montes
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ancor Sanz-García
- Data Analysis Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Vara
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Manuel J Gómez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jiménez-Fernández
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Inés Sánchez-García
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Marta Lozano-Prieto
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Juan C Triviño
- Sistemas Genómicos, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (J.C.T.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (A.V.); (M.J.-F.); (P.M.-F.); (I.S.-G.); (M.L.-P.); (F.S.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Esteban Dauden
- Dermatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (P.C.); (P.R.-J.); (M.L.-V.); (E.D.)
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39
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Manils J, Webb LV, Howes A, Janzen J, Boeing S, Bowcock AM, Ley SC. CARD14 E138A signalling in keratinocytes induces TNF-dependent skin and systemic inflammation. eLife 2020; 9:e56720. [PMID: 32597759 PMCID: PMC7351492 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate how the CARD14E138A psoriasis-associated mutation induces skin inflammation, a knock-in mouse strain was generated that allows tamoxifen-induced expression of the homologous Card14E138A mutation from the endogenous mouse Card14 locus. Heterozygous expression of CARD14E138A rapidly induced skin acanthosis, immune cell infiltration and expression of psoriasis-associated pro-inflammatory genes. Homozygous expression of CARD14E138A induced more extensive skin inflammation and a severe systemic disease involving infiltration of myeloid cells in multiple organs, temperature reduction, weight loss and organ failure. This severe phenotype resembled acute exacerbations of generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP), a rare form of psoriasis that can be caused by CARD14 mutations in patients. CARD14E138A-induced skin inflammation and systemic disease were independent of adaptive immune cells, ameliorated by blocking TNF and induced by CARD14E138A signalling only in keratinocytes. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory therapies specifically targeting keratinocytes, rather than systemic biologicals, might be effective for GPP treatment early in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Manils
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Ashleigh Howes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia Janzen
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stefan Boeing
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Crick Scientific Computing - Digital Development Team, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Departments of Oncological Science, Dermatology, and Genetics & Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Steven C Ley
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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40
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Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Is a Novel Strategy for Anti-Psoriasis Therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8567320. [PMID: 32684837 PMCID: PMC7338977 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8567320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory genetic-related disease that affects patients' quality of life. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of progenitor and immature myeloid cells which are expanded in psoriatic skin lesions and peripheral blood. However, the role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear. Here, we confirmed that the accumulation of human MDSCs is remarkably increased in skin lesions of psoriasis patients by flow cytometry. Depleting MDSCs by Gemcitabine significantly suppresses IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation and epidermal thickening as well as Th17 and Treg cell accumulation. Moreover, through the RNA-Seq technique, we validated some differentially expressed genes on CD4+ T-cells of IMQ-induced-MDSC-depleted mice such as IL-21 and Timd2, which are involved in Th17-cell differentiation or T-cell activation. Interestingly, neutralizing IL-21R by antibody reduces IMQ-induced epidermal thickening through downregulating the infiltration of MDSCs and Th17 cells. Our data suggest that targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells is a novel strategy for antipsoriasis therapy. IL-21 may be a potential therapeutic target in psoriasis.
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41
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Schwarz A, Philippsen R, Schwarz T. Induction of Regulatory T Cells and Correction of Cytokine Disbalance by Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Implications for Psoriasis Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:95-104.e2. [PMID: 32544478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microbes modulate the immune system in the colon through short-chain fatty acids, which induce regulatory T cells (Treg). Accordingly, the short-chain fatty acid sodium butyrate (SB) suppressed allergic contact dermatitis in mice through the activation of Treg. There is evidence that Treg exert the capacity to control inflammation in psoriasis. Thus, we were interested in studying the effect of SB in psoriasis, utilizing the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model. Topical application of imiquimod induced thickening of the skin, scales, and inflammation. This was associated with an upregulation of IL-17 and downregulation of IL-10 and FOXP3. Topically applied SB reduced imiquimod-induced inflammation and downregulated IL-17 and induced IL-10 and FOXP3 transcripts. The mitigating effect of SB was due to Treg because it was lost upon depletion of Treg in the depletion of regulatory T cell mice. Treg isolated from the blood of patients with psoriasis were reduced in their suppressive activity, which was normalized by SB. The fewer Treg numbers in the biopsies of psoriatic lesions as well as enhanced IL-17- and IL-6-expression levels and reduced IL-10- and FOXP3-expression levels were restored by SB. These data indicate that psoriasis is associated with an impairment of Treg and an altered cytokine milieu. Short-chain fatty acids appear to restore these alterations, thereby harboring a therapeutic potential for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Schwarz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rebecca Philippsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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42
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Ahl PJ, Hopkins RA, Xiang WW, Au B, Kaliaperumal N, Fairhurst AM, Connolly JE. Met-Flow, a strategy for single-cell metabolic analysis highlights dynamic changes in immune subpopulations. Commun Biol 2020; 3:305. [PMID: 32533056 PMCID: PMC7292829 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex interaction of anabolic and catabolic metabolism underpins the ability of leukocytes to mount an immune response. Their capacity to respond to changing environments by metabolic reprogramming is crucial to effector function. However, current methods lack the ability to interrogate this network of metabolic pathways at single-cell level within a heterogeneous population. We present Met-Flow, a flow cytometry-based method capturing the metabolic state of immune cells by targeting key proteins and rate-limiting enzymes across multiple pathways. We demonstrate the ability to simultaneously measure divergent metabolic profiles and dynamic remodeling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Using Met-Flow, we discovered that glucose restriction and metabolic remodeling drive the expansion of an inflammatory central memory T cell subset. This method captures the complex metabolic state of any cell as it relates to phenotype and function, leading to a greater understanding of the role of metabolic heterogeneity in immune responses. Patricia Ahl et al. present Met-Flow, a flow cytometry-based approach for capturing the metabolic state of immune cells across multiple pathways. The authors apply Met-Flow to a central memory T cell subset, showing the importance of glucose restriction and metabolic reprogramming to T cell polarization and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Ahl
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Richard A Hopkins
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Tessa Therapeutics Pte Ltd, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wen Wei Xiang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Tessa Therapeutics Pte Ltd, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Bijin Au
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Nivashini Kaliaperumal
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - John E Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore. .,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76712, USA.
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43
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Choi CW, Kim BR, Yang S, Kim Y, Kang JS, Youn SW. Regulatory T cells suppress skin inflammation in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 98:199-202. [PMID: 32451152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Won Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ri Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Woong Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Kalekar LA, Rosenblum MD. Regulatory T cells in inflammatory skin disease: from mice to humans. Int Immunol 2020; 31:457-463. [PMID: 30865268 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body and one of the primary barriers to the environment. In order to optimally protect the host, the skin is home to numerous immune cell subsets that interact with each other and other non-immune cells to maintain organ integrity and function. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are one of the largest immune cell subsets in skin. They play a critical role in regulating inflammation and facilitating organ repair. In doing so, they adopt unique and specialized tissue-specific functions. In this review, we compare and contrast the role of Tregs in cutaneous immune disorders from mice and humans, with a specific focus on scleroderma, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh A Kalekar
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Building, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Building, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Isolation and characterization of microvesicles from mesenchymal stem cells. Methods 2019; 177:50-57. [PMID: 31669353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells are currently under clinical investigation for multiple diseases. While their mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated, vesicles secreted by MSCs are believed to recapitulate their therapeutic potentials to some extent. Microvesicles (MVs), also called as microparticles or ectosome, are among secreted vesicles that could transfer cytoplasmic cargo, including RNA and proteins, from emitting (source) cells to recipient cells. Given the importance of MVs, we here attempted to establish a method to isolate and characterize MVs secreted from unmodified human bone marrow derived MSCs (referred to as native MSCs, and their microvesicles as Native-MVs) and IFNγ stimulated MSCs (referred to as IFNγ-MSCs, and their microvesicles as IFNγ-MVs). We first describe an ultracentrifugation technique to isolate MVs from the conditioned cell culture media of MSCs. Next, we describe characterization and quality control steps to analyze the protein and RNA content of MVs. Finally, we examined the potential of MVs to exert immunomodulatory effects through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Secretory vesicles from MSCs are promising alternatives for cell therapy with applications in drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy.
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46
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Hart PH, Norval M. Are there differences in immune responses following delivery of vaccines through acutely or chronically sun-exposed compared with sun-unexposed skin? Immunology 2019; 159:133-141. [PMID: 31593303 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of human vaccines are administered above the deltoid muscle of the arm, a site that is chronically sun-exposed in many people. It is known that exposure of the skin to the UV wavelengths in sunlight stimulates systemic immunosuppression, an outcome that is associated with reduced immunity to microbial infections in animal models. Here we consider whether immunization of humans through a UV-irradiated skin site will lead to a less effective immune response compared with immunization through an unexposed site. Studies showing that the efficacy of vaccination can be reduced when surrogates of increased levels of sun exposure, such as latitude of residence and season of the year, are considered. Results from a limited number of intervention experiments in humans demonstrate a similar pattern. To provide an explanation for these findings, changes in the number and functional potential of immune cells in chronically sun-exposed compared with unexposed skin are outlined. UV radiation-induced changes to skin cells are also relevant when considering skin sites for administration of immune-tolerizing peptides. The review provides the basis for further research into the effects of acute and chronic UV radiation exposure on skin cells in the context of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mary Norval
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland
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