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Zhou Y, Pei C, Yin H, Zhu R, Yan N, Wang L, Zhang X, Lan T, Li J, Zeng L, Huo L. Predictors of smartphone addiction in adolescents with depression: combing the machine learning and moderated mediation model approach. Behav Res Ther 2025; 189:104749. [PMID: 40262465 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2025] [Revised: 04/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Smartphone addiction (SA) significantly impacts the physical and mental health of adolescents, and can further exacerbate existing mental health issues in those with depression. However, fewer studies have focused on the predictors of SA in adolescents with depression. This study employs machine learning methods to identify key risk factors for SA, using the interpretable SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to enhance interpretability. Additionally, by constructing a mediation moderation model, the interactions between significant risk factors are analyzed. The study included 2203 adolescents with depression. Machine learning results from four models (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, XGBoost) consistently identified emotion-focused coping, rumination, and school bullying as the strongest predictors of SA. Further mediation moderation analyses based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model revealed that rumination significantly mediated the relationship between school bullying and SA, and emotion-focused coping significantly moderated the relationships between school bullying and both rumination and SA. This is the first study to use machine learning to explore the predictors of SA in depressive adolescents and further analyze the interactions among these predictors. Future interventions for SA in adolescents with depression may benefit from psychotherapy that addresses emotion-focused coping and rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhou
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenran Pei
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongting Zhu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xuankun Zhang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Zeng
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gao L, Zhu X, Caselli G, Wang Y, Chu X, Chen H. Distinct roles of specific metacognitive beliefs in adolescent problematic mobile phone use: A Cross-Lagged panel network analysis. Addict Behav 2025; 165:108291. [PMID: 39987723 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) among adolescents is increasingly recognized as a significant behavioral health concern. Previous studies have found general metacognitive beliefs can positively predict PMPU. However, the longitudinal relationship between specific metacognitive beliefs and addictive behaviors has not been fully explored. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal relationship between metacognitions about mobile phone use, metacognitions about desire thinking, and PMPU among adolescents using cross-lagged panel network analysis. A sample of 993 adolescents were surveyed at two points over six months. Findings indicated that negative metacognitions about mobile phone use and positive metacognitions about desire thinking emerged as two prominent bridge nodes. Negative metacognitions about mobile phone use were strongly associated with withdrawal and relapse symptoms, while positive metacognitions about desire thinking correlated with tolerance and relapse. These results suggest that interventions aimed at addressing PMPU should consider the distinct impacts of different metacognitive beliefs and tailor their approaches accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Gao
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhu
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gabriele Caselli
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Chu
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haide Chen
- Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
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Feng W, Wu P, Lv S, Fan Z. The relationship between meaning in life and self-regulated learning among college students: the mediating effect of psychological capital and the moderating effect of phubbing. BMC Psychol 2025; 13:566. [PMID: 40426281 PMCID: PMC12108011 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on college students' learning problems has investigated the notion of self-regulated learning. However, relatively little research has explored the mechanism underlying the relationship between meaning in life and self-regulated learning on the basis of the self-regulated learning framework. Additionally, relatively few studies have examined the impact of phubbing behavior on the traits exhibited by the source of the behavior in question, particularly from the perspective of nonpersonal perception. Therefore, in this study, Pintrich's Self-Regulated Learning model is used as a theoretical framework; in addition, this study draws on conservation of resources theory, among other theories, to explain the relationships among relevant variables. It thus aims to develop a moderated mediation model that can be used to systematically examine the relationship between meaning in life and self-regulated learning as well as the mechanism underlying this relationship. On this basis, this study provides effective recommendations that can be used to enhance self-regulated learning among college students and promote high-quality learning outcomes. METHODS In this study, the Chinese Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Youth Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Youth Phubbing Scale-Chinese Version, and the Self-Regulated Learning Scale for College Students were used to survey 488 college students who were recruited from an undergraduate college in a province in central China. RESULTS (1) Meaning in life had a positive predictive effect on self-regulated learning (r2 = 0.51, p < 0.001). (2) Psychological capital mediated the relationship between meaning in life and self-regulated learning (indirect effects = 0.31, SE = 0.04, 95% CI=[0.23-0.38]). (3) The first half of the mediating path "meaning in life → psychological capital → self-regulated learning" and the direct path "meaning in life → self-regulated learning" were moderated by phubbing (β = 0.07, p < 0.01, β = 0.10, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Meaning in life not only predicts self-regulated learning among college students directly and positively; it also influences self-regulated learning indirectly via the mediation of psychological capital. The effects of meaning in life on psychological capital and self-regulated learning are moderated by phubbing. Specifically, as the frequency of phubbing increases, the positive predictive effects of meaning in life on psychological capital and self-regulated learning become stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Feng
- Zhong Yuan Institute of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peibo Wu
- Zhong Yuan Institute of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Lv
- School of Modern Logistics, Qingdao Harbour Vocational and Technical College, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fan
- Zhong Yuan Institute of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gu H, Shi B, He H, Yuan S, Cai J, Chen X, Wan Z. Association Between Excessive Internet Use Time, Internet Addiction, and Physical-Mental Multimorbidity Among Chinese Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e69210. [PMID: 40397924 DOI: 10.2196/69210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contemporary society, the lives of adolescents are profoundly influenced by the internet. While irrational internet use may have an impact on the physical and mental well-being of teenagers, the relationship between excessive internet use and physical-mental multimorbidity in adolescents remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between excessive internet use and physical-mental multimorbidity among adolescents in China. METHODS A total of 5842 students aged 13 to 18 years from Suzhou city in Eastern China were recruited. Four specific physical disorders and a mental disorder were considered to assess the physical-mental multimorbidity, that is, obesity, hypertension, myopia, dental caries, and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs between internet use time, internet addiction (IA) behaviors, and physical-mental multimorbidity. Mediation analyses were performed to explore the mediating effect of sleep duration, diet scores, and tobacco or alcohol consumption on the association between excessive internet use and physical-mental multimorbidity. RESULTS A total of 973 (16.7%) students exhibited physical-mental multimorbidity. Students with excessive internet use time (≥2 hours per day) were associated with 45% higher odds of physical-mental multimorbidity compared to their peers who reported internet use for <1 hour per day. Among children and adolescents, a significant J-shaped association was observed between internet use time and physical-mental multimorbidity (nonlinear P<.001). Diet score (16.3%) and tobacco or alcohol consumption (12.7%) partially mediated the relationship. Students who met 1 IA behavior (OR 2.44, 95% CI 2.00-2.98) or ≥2 IA behaviors (OR 5.80, 95% CI 4.90-6.86) were associated with higher odds of physical-mental multimorbidity. In the total population, a positive nonlinear correlation was identified between the number of IA behaviors and physical-mental multimorbidity (nonlinear P<.001). Sleep duration (2.3%), dietary scores (6.1%), and tobacco or alcohol consumption (6.2%) partially mediated the association. CONCLUSIONS Excessive internet use is associated with increased odds of physical-mental multimorbidity among adolescents. Sleep duration, dietary quality, and tobacco or alcohol consumption may partially mediate this relationship. These findings highlight the need for monitoring and promoting healthy internet habits as well as addressing lifestyle factors in order to prevent and control physical-mental multimorbidity among adolescents. This research will also provide references for managing internet use and physical-mental health as well as for future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Shi
- Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanying He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sumei Yuan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jijiao Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhang HY, Yu Y. Psychological education in higher education: Opportunities and challenges in the Internet+ era. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:103274. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i5.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
In the context of "Internet+," the rapid development and integration of information technology in China have brought new opportunities and challenges to psychological education in higher education. Compared with traditional psychological education, the high information throughput and multichannel presentation of "Internet+" have altered students’ cognitive characteristics. Consequently, traditional psychological education methods are no longer suitable for the current environment, and education methods pose new challenges for higher education. New media technologies within the "Internet+" framework have played a crucial role in psychological education. Further research is needed to explore new applications for enhancing the quality of psychological education in higher education institutions. This paper reviews the current opportunities and challenges faced by psychological education in the context of "Internet+", and explores a mechanism-driven, collaborative, and efficient educational strategy that is responsive to new conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Zhang
- Counseling and Psychological Services, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Counseling and Psychological Services, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Huang HW, Li PY, Chen MC, Chang YX, Liu CL, Chen PW, Lin Q, Lin C, Huang CM, Wu SC. Classification of internet addiction using machine learning on electroencephalography synchronization and functional connectivity. Psychol Med 2025; 55:e148. [PMID: 40376927 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291725001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction (IA) refers to excessive internet use that causes cognitive impairment or distress. Understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning IA is crucial for enabling an accurate diagnosis and informing treatment and prevention strategies. Despite the recent increase in studies examining the neurophysiological traits of IA, their findings often vary. To enhance the accuracy of identifying key neurophysiological characteristics of IA, this study used the phase lag index (PLI) and weighted PLI (WPLI) methods, which minimize volume conduction effects, to analyze the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity. We further evaluated the reliability of the identified features for IA classification using various machine learning methods. METHODS Ninety-two participants (42 with IA and 50 healthy controls (HCs)) were included. PLI and WPLI values for each participant were computed, and values exhibiting significant differences between the two groups were selected as features for the subsequent classification task. RESULTS Support vector machine (SVM) achieved an 83% accuracy rate using PLI features and an improved 86% accuracy rate using WPLI features. t-test results showed analogous topographical patterns for both the WPLI and PLI. Numerous connections were identified within the delta and gamma frequency bands that exhibited significant differences between the two groups, with the IA group manifesting an elevated level of phase synchronization. CONCLUSIONS Functional connectivity analysis and machine learning algorithms can jointly distinguish participants with IA from HCs based on EEG data. PLI and WPLI have substantial potential as biomarkers for identifying the neurophysiological traits of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Wen Huang
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Li
- Department of Eengineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Cin Chen
- Department of Eengineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - You-Xun Chang
- Department of Eengineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Liu
- Department of Eengineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Chen
- Department of Eengineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Qiduo Lin
- Department of Linguistics and Translation, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chemin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chi Wu
- Department of Eengineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Pirwani N, Somogyi A, Szabo A. Do regular exercise, gender, and age influence smartphone addiction? Analyzing screen time and smartphone deprivation symptoms. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1586762. [PMID: 40406611 PMCID: PMC12096413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1586762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Headless smartphone use, known as smartphone addiction (SA), is associated with mental health issues and behavioral dependencies. While physical activity (PA) has been suggested as a protective factor, research remains inconclusive. The present study examines whether regular exercise influences SA, smartphone deprivation, and daily smartphone screen time while assessing gender and age as risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study with 701 participants (392 exercisers, 309 non-exercisers) assessed SA with the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and deprivation feelings with the Hungarian Smartphone Withdrawal Symptom Scale (HSWSS). Daily smartphone use was self-reported. Multivariate analysis of covariance examined the effects of exercise status, gender, and age on SA-related variables. Results Exercise status did not significantly affect SA, deprivation feelings, or screen time (p > 0.05). However, the correlation between SA and smartphone screen time was stronger (p < 0.05) in non-exercisers (r = 0.407) than in exercisers (r = 0.274). Gender and age were significant predictors: females reported higher SA and usage, and younger age was associated with greater SA, deprivation symptoms, and more screen time. Conclusion While exercise may not reduce SA, exercisers exhibit a weaker link between SA and smartphone use, suggesting less problematic usage, possibly due to more utilitarian (e.g., sports-related) rather than hedonic use. Females report higher SA, feelings of deprivation, and screen time than males, while age correlates with increased SA, feelings of deprivation, and screen time. Future research should examine psychosocial mechanisms and diverse smartphone usage patterns in addiction in connection with exercise behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pirwani
- Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angéla Somogyi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
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Martinsson P, Larsman P, Allard K, Gunnarsson M, Spante M, Thomée S. Coworker Phubbing and Links to the Psychosocial Work Environment Among Electricians in Sweden. Scand J Psychol 2025. [PMID: 40318019 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
"Phubbing" (phone snubbing) has been consistently associated with negative intra- and interpersonal outcomes across various social contexts. However, the potential impact of phubbing on horizontal workplace relationships has not been extensively explored. The present study aimed to examine associations between coworker phubbing during breaks and social support and community, horizontal trust, and organizational commitment among electricians in Sweden. An auxiliary aim was to adapt and validate a coworker phubbing scale. In Studies 1a and 1b, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess and validate the coworker phubbing scale in two samples. In Study 2, structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between phubbing and included psychosocial work environment measures. Exposure to phubbing from coworkers was associated with lower perceived support and community, trust, and commitment. The associations were stronger for more severe phubbing behaviors. Engaging in phubbing others was not considerably linked to the psychosocial measures. Younger participants reported engaging in more phubbing and lower perceived exposure to more severe phubbing. Smartphone habits at work may have implications for the psychosocial work environment and, by extension, important outcomes such as well-being, job satisfaction, performance, and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Martinsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Larsman
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Allard
- Department of Sociology and Work Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Spante
- School of Business, Economics and IT, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Sara Thomée
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Qiu Y, Gong S, Yang Y, Wang J, Tan L. Self-Compassion and Smartphone Addiction Tendency Among College Students: The Chain-Mediating Effect of Self-Concept Clarity and Experiential Avoidance. Behav Sci (Basel) 2025; 15:512. [PMID: 40282133 PMCID: PMC12024359 DOI: 10.3390/bs15040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction has emerged as a pressing public health issue in recent years, which negatively impacts university students' academic performance, physical and mental health, and social functioning. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the significant factors related to smartphone addiction. While previous research has suggested a potential link between self-compassion and problematic internet or smartphone use, studies specifically examining the relationship between self-compassion and smartphone addiction tendency remain limited. From a positive psychology perspective, this study aims to explore the relationship between self-compassion and smartphone addiction tendency, as well as its internal mechanism. A total of 641 Chinese college students were recruited to complete online questionnaires assessing their self-compassion, self-concept clarity, experiential avoidance, and smartphone addiction tendency. The results show that self-compassion not only directly and negatively predicts smartphone addiction tendency, but also indirectly predicts it through the independent mediating effects of self-concept clarity and experiential avoidance. Additionally, there is a chain-mediating effect of self-concept clarity and experiential avoidance. This study provides a new perspective for the prevention and intervention of smartphone addiction tendency among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Wuhan College, Wuhan 430212, China
| | - Shaoying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Hidalgo-Fuentes S, Martínez-Álvarez I, Llamas-Salguero F, Villaseñor-León M. Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS). Behav Sci (Basel) 2025; 15:496. [PMID: 40282117 PMCID: PMC12024139 DOI: 10.3390/bs15040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 04/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among university students and can negatively impact both their physical and mental health. This study aimed to translate the smartphone application-based addiction scale (SABAS) into Spanish and evaluate its psychometric properties among Spanish university students. A total of 297 university students (222 women and 75 men) participated in this study (M age = 20.88, SD = 4.58) by completing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the smartphone addiction scale-short version, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21, the fear of missing out scale, and the SABAS. The SABAS was translated into Spanish using the forward-backward method. The factor structure was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, while reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The SABAS showed acceptable reliability (α = 0.72; ω = 0.73), and all of its items were kept. Factor analysis revealed that the Spanish version of the SABAS was unifactorial and demonstrated excellent validity (χ2 = 10.285; p = 0.246; RMSEA = 0.034; CFI = 0.991; SRMR = 0.030). Significant associations were also observed between the SABAS score and the number of hours of smartphone use, fear of missing out, and psychological distress. Despite its brevity, the Spanish version of the SABAS provides good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used as a tool for screening smartphone addiction in Spanish university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo-Fuentes
- Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Vía de Servicio A-6 15, 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain;
| | - Fátima Llamas-Salguero
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de Elvas, S/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Miriam Villaseñor-León
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, M-515, km 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain;
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Lee J, Kim J, Cheung HS. Relationship of Smartphone Addiction with Cyberbullying, Alcohol Use, Depression, and Anxiety Among University Students. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2025; 40:317-330. [PMID: 40172000 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2025.2486973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Smartphone addiction is one of the major social issues among young people these days. The current study aims to identify the determinants of smartphone addiction and examine the association between smartphone addiction and multiple behavioral/psychological problems. The study sample consisted of 1105 university students from Singapore. Students in the high-risk smartphone use group reported higher levels of smartphone addiction, cybervictimization, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Depressive and anxiety symptoms showed a positive association with smartphone addiction. Additionally, both depressive and anxiety symptoms had significant indirect effects when assessing two separate simple mediation models. When testing the parallel mediation model, the indirect effect of cybervictimization on smartphone addiction occurred through anxiety but not depression. Based on these findings, the current study proposed the implementation of routine screening and the provision of multi-level services in education settings. Nevertheless, the study has limitations related to the study population and the use of self-reported questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungup Lee
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Social Service Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinyung Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hoi Shan Cheung
- Psychology and Child & Human Development Department, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Han M, Jeong J, Yoon C, Kim Y, Kim J, Lee S, Kim S, Kim D, Han MA. Association between Near Work, Physical Activities and Myopia in Korean Adults During COVID-19 Outbreak. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2025; 32:229-235. [PMID: 38865601 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2354700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the relationship between near work hours and myopia in Korean adults. METHODS We used data from the 2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations between near work time, physical activity, and myopia were assessed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The overall prevalence of myopia was 60.2% in adults aged 19-59 years. The prevalence of myopia was 46.2% for individuals who used smart devices for less than one hour per day, while it was 68.0% for those who used smart devices for more than four hours. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for myopia was significantly higher among individuals using smart devices for 3 hours (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.08-2.23) or more than 4 hours (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.27-2.42), compared to users with less than 1 hour of usage. Regarding sitting time, the OR for myopia was significantly higher in individuals who sat for more than 12 hours (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.05-2.61) compared to those who sat less than 4 hours. CONCLUSION This study found that near work and sitting times were positively associated with myopia. Given the high prevalence of myopia and its implications for serious eye diseases, it is essential to implement measures to manage myopia. Considering the increased near work hours resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to adopt supplementary measures, such as ensuring sufficient rest time for the eyes and adjusting the brightness of lights, to improve eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyoung Han
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Yoon
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungseok Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ah Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Mao B, Chen S, Ran F, Li J, Wang X, Liu Y. Reciprocal associations of future time perspective and smartphone addiction among Chinese college students: Disaggregation of between-person and within-person effects. J Health Psychol 2025:13591053251323651. [PMID: 40156329 DOI: 10.1177/13591053251323651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction negatively affects physical and mental health. Future time perspective, a key personality and social cognitive factor, may not only be a protective factor for addictive behaviors but may also be shaped during the development of addiction. Based on three waves of data collected from Chinese college students (N = 622, 46.95% male, Mage = 18.16, SD = 1.49), this study examined the within-person and between-person effects on the associations between future time perspective and smartphone addiction. The results of the traditional cross-lagged model demonstrated a bidirectional negative association between future time perspective and smartphone addiction. The results of the random intercept cross-lagged panel model also indicated a reciprocal negative within-person effect between future time perspective and smartphone use consistently over time while controlling for the significantly negative between-person effect. These findings deepen the understanding of the longitudinal relationship between future time perspective and smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | | | - Fang Ran
- Chongqing Vocational Institute of Tourism, China
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Peng Y, Mao R, Cui W, Yang R. Techonoference and Problematic Smartphone Use: The Roles of Attachment and Environmental Sensitivity. Psychol Rep 2025:332941251329784. [PMID: 40126437 DOI: 10.1177/00332941251329784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
The present study examined the potential mediation effects of parental attachment and peer attachment, and the moderating effect of environmental sensitivity between parental technoference and adolescents' problematic smartphone use. A sample of 908 junior high school students (Mage = 13.41 years, SD = 0.76) anonymously completed questionnaires. The results revealed that : (1) both mother and father attachment could mediate the pathway from parental technoference to adolescents' problematic smartphone use; (2) adolescent's environmental sensitivity moderated the direct and indirect pathway between parental technoference, mother attachment, and adolescents' problematic smartphone use. Specifically, adolescents with higher environmental sensitivity had greater problematic smartphone use when they experienced greater parental technoference. Moreover, adolescents with lower environmental sensitivity exhibited less problematic smartphone use when they had better mother-child attachment. The present study revealed a complex interplay between family and individual factors that contribute to adolescents' problematic smartphone use.
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Koçak O, Çevik O, Şimşek OM. Flourishing through Social Development Activities and Social Support: A Holistic Strategy for Problematic Smartphone Use. Psychiatr Q 2025:10.1007/s11126-025-10126-w. [PMID: 40029557 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-025-10126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
While some research has indicated the relationship between participation in social development activities (PSDA) and perceived social support (PSS) with problematic smartphone use (PSU), there has been a lack of studies examining these relationships through the lens of the flourishing theory, particularly among adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, this study conducted between April and May 2022 included 4965 high school students from 20 different cities in Türkiye. Researchers utilized questionnaires assessing participants' demographic information, levels of participation in social development activities, The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, The Short Version of the Scales of General Well-Being (GWB), and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support as instruments. Structural Equation Modeling was employed for analyzing the relationships between variables using IBM SPSS v26 and AMOS v24 software packages. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to understand how GWB and PSS were associated with the relationships between PSDA and PSU. Findings indicated a predominantly negative relationship between PSDA and PSU, with GWB mediating this relationship negatively across all PSDA and PSS playing a contributory role in many indirect relationships between PSDA and PSU, if not directly. The importance of the approach in interventions aimed at addressing PSU was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Koçak
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Orhan Çevik
- Department of Social Work, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Orçun Muhammet Şimşek
- Department of Social Work, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Choi K, Hong YJ. Differential roles of problematic media use by mothers and toddlers in the relation between parenting stress and toddlers' socioemotional development. Infant Behav Dev 2025; 78:102009. [PMID: 39631180 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of digital media devices in families with young children has raised concerns over problematic media use. However, the link between toddlers' problematic media use, their socioemotional development, and the influence of parental factors remains unclear. The current study examined the roles of problematic media use by both mothers and toddlers in the association between maternal parenting stress and toddlers' socioemotional development. Participants comprised 215 mothers and 73 lead child care classroom teachers of toddlers aged 24-36 months enrolled in child care centers in South Korea. Mothers reported parenting stress and problematic media use by themselves and their toddlers, and child care teachers reported toddlers' socioemotional development. The results from structural equation modeling analysis revealed that maternal parenting stress was related to toddlers' socioemotional development both directly and indirectly through toddlers' problematic media use, both alone and in conjunction with mothers' problematic media use. Although maternal parenting stress was related to mothers' problematic media use, mothers' problematic media use was not directly related to toddlers' socioemotional development. These findings underscore the importance of toddlers' problematic media use in their socioemotional development and highlight the need for comprehensive approaches that address family dynamics, such as maternal parenting stress and problematic media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koeun Choi
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yea-Ji Hong
- Department of Child Studies, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Rochat L, Cruz GV, Aboujaoude E, Courtois R, Brahim FB, Khan R, Khazaal Y. Problematic smartphone use in a representative sample of US adults: Prevalence and predictors. Addict Behav 2025; 162:108228. [PMID: 39700606 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
The exponential growth in worldwide smartphone adoption has led to mounting concerns about problematic smartphone use (PSU), with some studies of variably defined PSU yielding prevalence rates as high as 20 to 30%. The present study aims to (a) estimate the prevalence of PSU while emphasizing functional impairment, and (b) examine the degree to which a set of demographic, contextual, behavioral and mental health variables can predict PSU. A representative U.S. sample of 1,989 participants completed an online survey using a cross-sectional design aimed at examining PSU. Data were analyzed using two different but complementary machine learning algorithms. The results indicate a PSU prevalence of 0.75% to 1.2 % when a functional impairment criterion is required. The most important predictors of PSU are related to smartphone use behavior, followed by contextual factors (being a parent of under-age children, increase in use during the COVID-19 pandemic), age and some psychopathological factors. Overall, the study suggests that the prevalence of functionally impairing PSU may be much lower than what has been reported based on less stringent definitions. The results highlight the necessity to account for impact on key spheres of functioning in diagnosing PSU to avoid pathologizing a ubiquitous behavior that may be intensive but not necessarily pathological. They also open up relevant perspectives for the prevention of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Rochat
- Addiction Division, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance, Brig, Switzerland.
| | - Germano Vera Cruz
- Department of Psychology, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Elias Aboujaoude
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Program in Internet, Health and Society, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert Courtois
- Department of Psychology, University of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Farah Ben Brahim
- Department of Psychology, University of Tours, Tours, France; Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Riaz Khan
- Frontier Medical College Abbottabad, Bahria University, Pakistan.
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland; Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Zhong G, Shu Y, Zhou Y, Li H, Zhou J, Yang L. The relationship between social support and smartphone addiction: the mediating role of negative emotions and self-control. BMC Psychiatry 2025; 25:167. [PMID: 40001021 PMCID: PMC11863422 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-025-06615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid development of the internet, smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives. However, prolonged, excessive and uncontrolled use may lead to the hidden danger of smartphone addiction, posing a threat to users' physical and mental health. Previous studies have shown that social support may be a factor in alleviating smartphone addiction. However, its specific mechanism needs further exploration. The purpose of this study is to examine the chain mediating effects of negative emotions and self-control on the relationship between social support and smartphone addiction. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2022 to April 2023 in Sichuan Province, China, with 5,188 respondents aged 15 years or older. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to determine correlations between social support, negative emotions, self-control, and smartphone addiction. We construct a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to explore the pathways of smartphone addiction across different age groups. RESULTS Social support, negative emotions, self-control, and smartphone addiction were found to be significantly related (p < 0.01).In the population aged 15-44, a complete SEM pathway analysis was achieved, while for the population aged 45-64, a simplified version of the pathway analysis was obtained. Among the population aged 65 and above, multiple pathways were found to be nonsignificant. For the full sample, social support not only exhibited a negative correlation with smartphone addiction (β = -0.410; 95% CI: -0.534 to -0.320) but also influenced smartphone addiction through three specific pathways: via negative emotions (β = -0.041; 95% CI: -0.066 to -0.021), via self-control (β = -0.087; 95% CI: -0.119 to -0.063), and via a sequential effect of negative emotions and self-control (β = -0.047; 95% CI: -0.062 to -0.036). The 15-44 age group demonstrated similar pathways to the full sample, whereas the 45-64 age group lost the pathway mediated solely by negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that high social support reduces smartphone addiction by diminishing negative emotions and improving self-control.The effect is more pronounced in the 15-44 age group.We suggest strengthening the social support system through more activities and urge relevant departments to improve the mental health education, enhance self-control training, and promote mental well-being to help avoid smartphone addiction. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial number: not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanping Zhong
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuelin Zhou
- School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiushun Zhou
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Road, Chengdu, China.
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Lai C, Cai P, Liao J, Li X, Wang Y, Wang M, Ye P, Chen X, Hambly BD, Yu X, Bao S, Zhang H. Exploring the relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction among college students in Western China. Front Public Health 2025; 13:1530947. [PMID: 40061470 PMCID: PMC11885492 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1530947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone addiction (SA) refers to a behavioral disorder characterized by an irresistible compulsion to excessively engage with mobile devices. Currently, the evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity (PA), exercise intensity (EI), and SA is limited, particularly within Chinese populations. This study aims to explore the correlation between PA, EI, and SA, specifically investigating how PA and EI impact SA to better understand the nature of this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving college students from over 20 universities in Western China. Data were collected on participants' engagement in PA, EI, and SA. Additionally, covariates such as age, gender, ethnicity, academic classification, university location, discipline, year of study, hometown region, sibling status, relationship status, and social interactions were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between PA, EI, and SA. Stratified and interaction analyses were performed to examine whether the relationship remained consistent across different subgroups. Results Of the 3,506 college students surveyed, 1,905 (54.3%) experienced SA. The prevalence of SA was 11.3% lower in the group that engaged in PA compared to those who did not. In the fully adjusted model, PA was negatively associated with SA (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.82, p < 0.001). EI was also inversely associated with SA. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise had odds ratios of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.67-0.98, p = 0.034) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68-1.00, p = 0.046), respectively, compared with low-intensity exercise. Similar patterns were observed in subgroup analyses (all p values for interaction >0.05). Conclusion The findings indicate a significant negative association between PA, EI, and SA, highlighting the potential of promoting PA and higher EI as strategies to reduce SA among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lai
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiling Cai
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiwei Li
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Music and Dance, College of Chinese & ASEAN Art, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengping Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brett D. Hambly
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- The Cardiovascular Centre, Foreign Affair Office, The First People's Hospital of Baiyin, Gansu, China
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- The Cardiovascular Centre, Foreign Affair Office, The First People's Hospital of Baiyin, Gansu, China
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
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Zhu S, Wang L, Gan Y. Lying flat to play on smartphone excessively: the role of self-esteem. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1516869. [PMID: 40008344 PMCID: PMC11850352 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1516869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the rapid development of their countries, Chinese young people today face intense stress. Some cope by striving for high-quality resources (involution), while others adopt a passive approach, lowering their desires (lying flat). This study explores the relationship between lying flat and problematic smartphone use (PSU), focusing on the role of self-esteem. Methods We conducted three studies (N = 886) using both cross-sectional (Study 1) and experimental (Study 2 and Study 3) designs to examine the correlational and causal links between lying flat, self-esteem, and PSU. Results The studies demonstrated a significant relationship between lying flat and PSU, with self-esteem serving as a mediator. Additionally, Study 3 showed a causal effect of self-esteem on smartphone use desire. Discussion These findings provide insight into why and how lying flat affects self-esteem and smartphone use behaviors and desires, highlighting the psychological mechanisms behind the trends observed in Chinese youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Zhu
- Department of Development and Planning, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lishen Wang
- School of Education Science, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yulu Gan
- Mental Health Education Centre, Zhejiang International Maritime College, Zhoushan, China
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Kumban W, Cetthakrikul S, Santiworakul A. Smartphone Addiction, Screen Time, and Physical Activity of Different Academic Majors and Study Levels in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2025; 22:237. [PMID: 40003463 PMCID: PMC11855490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph22020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Smartphone addiction is increasing among university students. This study aims to explore the differences in screen time and physical activity among university students with and without smartphone addiction, considering their study majors and levels. One hundred and twenty participants from sixteen faculties were included, divided into three academic majors (health sciences, social sciences and humanities, and science and technology). Data were collected using a screen time behavior questionnaire and a screen time application. Physical activity was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). This study demonstrated that the smartphone addiction group had higher screen time on both smartphones (p = 0.02) and other devices (p = 0.04). Students in the social sciences and humanities majors had insufficient physical activity according to WHO recommendations. The results showed no correlation between screen time and physical activity, study time, academic major, or study level (p ≥ 0.05). However, a low correlation was observed between physical activity and study time (r2 = 0.27; p < 0.05), as well as study level (r2 = -0.31; p < 0.05). Our findings show that the total screen time for university students with and without smartphone addiction exceeded 8 h per day. Real-life activities should be promoted to reduce screen time. Encouraging physical activity among senior students and those in social science and humanities majors is crucial for fostering healthy behaviors in the future. Physical education and recreational activities should be emphasized in these groups, along with the development of programs or class activities designed to promote physical activity and reduce screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Kumban
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, 222, Thasala, Thai-buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (W.K.); (S.C.)
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center, Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), 222, Thasala, Thai-buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Salila Cetthakrikul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, 222, Thasala, Thai-buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (W.K.); (S.C.)
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center, Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), 222, Thasala, Thai-buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Anoma Santiworakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, 222, Thasala, Thai-buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (W.K.); (S.C.)
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center, Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), 222, Thasala, Thai-buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Ma Y, Wang S, Li C, Liang Y, Shang H. Long-Term Impact of Using Mobile Phones and Playing Computer Games on the Brain Structure and the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Large Population-Based Study. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e59663. [PMID: 39874583 PMCID: PMC11815302 DOI: 10.2196/59663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing popularity of electronic devices, the longitudinal effects of daily prolonged electronic device usage on brain health and the aging process remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the daily use of mobile phones/computers on the brain structure and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank, a longitudinal population-based cohort study, to analyze the impact of mobile phone use duration, weekly usage time, and playing computer games on the future brain structure and the future risk of various neurodegenerative diseases, including all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), all-cause parkinsonism (ACP), and Parkinson disease (PD). All the characteristics of using mobile phones and playing computer games were collected through face-to-face interviews at baseline, and outcomes were extracted from the algorithmic combinations of self-reported medical conditions, hospital admissions, and death registries. In addition, a group of participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at follow-up. Cox regression and linear regression were performed. RESULTS The study included over 270,000 participants for risk analysis, with a mean baseline age of approximately 55.85 (SD 8.07) years. The average follow-up duration was approximately 13.9 (SD 1.99) years. Lengthy mobile phone use was associated with a reduced risk of ACD (2-4 years: hazard ratio [HR] 0.815, 95% CI 0.729-0.912, P<.001; 5-8 years: HR 0.749, 95% CI 0.677-0.829, P<.001; >8 years: HR 0.830, 95% CI 0.751-0.918, P<.001), AD (5-8 years: HR 0.787, 95% CI 0.672-0.922, P=.003), and VD (2-4 years: HR 0.616, 95% CI 0.477-0.794, P<.001; 5-8 years: HR 0.729, 95% CI 0.589-0.902, P=.004; >8 years: HR 0.750, 95% CI 0.605-0.930, P=.009) compared to rarely using mobile phones. Additionally, lengthy mobile phone use was linked to a decreased risk of ACP (5-8 years: HR 0.747, 95% CI 0.637-0.875, P<.001; >8 years: HR 0.774, 95% CI 0.663-0.904, P=.001) and PD (5-8 years: HR 0.760, 95% CI 0.644-0.897, P=.001; >8 years: HR 0.777, 95% CI 0.660-0.913, P=.002) in participants older than 60 years. However, higher weekly usage time did not confer additional risk reduction compared to lower weekly usage of mobile phones. The neuroimaging analysis involved 35,643 participants, with an average duration of approximately 9.0 years between baseline and neuroimaging scans. Lengthy mobile phone use was related to a thicker cortex in different areas of the brain. CONCLUSIONS Lengthy mobile phone use is associated with a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases and improved brain structure compared to minimal usage. Our research provides valuable background knowledge for future studies on the impact of modern electronic devices on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shichan Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Luo J, Cai G, Zu X, Huang Q, Cao Q. Mobile phone addiction and negative emotions: an empirical study among adolescents in Jiangxi Province. Front Psychiatry 2025; 16:1541605. [PMID: 39931699 PMCID: PMC11807983 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1541605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between mobile phone addiction and negative affect among adolescents is characterized by intricate interconnections. These factors have an impact on the emotional and psychological well-being of young people. While previous studies have provided preliminary insights into this relationship, further in-depth exploration and research is required to fully understand the complex mechanisms behind these relationships and to identify any group differences. Methods This study collected questionnaire data from 493 adolescents aged 17-22 years old in Jiangxi Province. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and structural equation modelling (SEM) with the aim of exploring the mechanisms and differences in the effects of mobile phone addiction on negative emotions of different youth groups. Results The findings of the study indicated notable discrepancies in mobile phone addiction by gender and place of residence. Secondly, mobile phone addiction among adolescents positively drives negative emotions. The findings revealed that negative emotions triggered by mobile phone addiction were significantly higher among rural adolescents than urban adolescents; male adolescents exhibited higher levels than female adolescents in the same place of residence. Additionally, family factors, physical exercise and psychological resilience can directly or indirectly inhibit mobile phone addiction among adolescents. Finally, adolescents' psychological resilience can significantly alleviate the negative emotions associated with mobile phone addiction. Physical exercise and family factors can reduce the negative emotional impact of mobile phone addiction by increasing psychological resilience. Conclusions This study employs the relationship between mobile phone addiction and negative emotions in adolescents, reveals the complex mechanisms and group differences behind these relationships, and provides a fresh perspective for understanding the impact of mobile phone addiction on adolescents' mental health, as well as a scientific basis for the development of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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24
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Xiao B, Cao Y, Chen Y, Li Y. Parental Technoference and Child Problematic Media Use: Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e57636. [PMID: 39841982 PMCID: PMC11799820 DOI: 10.2196/57636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental technoference, the interruption of parent-child interactions by technology, has been associated with negative outcomes in children's media use. However, the magnitude of this relationship and its moderating factors remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically examine the relationship between parental technoference and child problematic media use, as well as to identify moderating factors such as age, parental technoference group, study design, and type of problematic media use. METHODS Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted up to August 2024 across multiple databases, including Web of Science, EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, PsycINFO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, using predefined search strings. A total of 53 studies with a total of 60,555 participants (mean age of 13.84, SD 1.18 years) were included. Inclusion criteria comprised studies involving children under the age of 22 years, assessing the association between parental technoference and child problematic media use with valid measures, and reporting necessary statistical data. Exclusion criteria included studies focusing on other child outcomes, having sample sizes <30, or being case reports or review papers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using R (version 4.2.1; R Foundation for Statistical Computing) with the meta and metafor packages to evaluate the association and conduct moderator analyses. RESULTS The meta-analysis identified a significant positive association between parental technoference and child problematic media use (r=0.296, 95% CI 0.259-0.331). Moderator analyses revealed that both parental technoference group (P<.001) and study design (P=.008) significantly influenced this relationship. Specifically, the association was stronger when both parents engaged in technoference compared to when only 1 parent did, and in cross-sectional studies compared to longitudinal studies. Age, gender, publication status, and type of problematic media use did not significantly moderate the relationship (all P>.05). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides robust evidence of the association between parental technoference and child problematic media use. The findings highlight the need for family-based interventions and underscore the importance of longitudinal research to understand the temporal dynamics of this relationship better. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023471997; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=471997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Xiao
- Psychology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yuxuan Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Liu G, Liu Y, Chen Z, Zhou S, Ma L. Network analysis of autism traits and problematic mobile phone use and their associations with depression among Chinese college students. Front Psychiatry 2025; 15:1521453. [PMID: 39886053 PMCID: PMC11779719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1521453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
The current study employed network analysis to examine the relationship between symptoms from factor level about autism traits and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and to explore their associations with depression. We measured the above three variables in 949 college students in China with Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Central and bridge symptoms were pinpointed through the examination of centrality index. In the AQ and PMPU network, results revealed that WD ("Withdrawal"), COR ("Cyberspace-oriented relationship") and OU ("Overuse") emerged as the core symptoms. AS ("Attention switching"), CO ("Communication") and COR ("Cyberspace-oriented relationship") were the most symptoms bridging the AQ and PMPU communities, suggesting that these symptoms could serve as focal points for interventions aimed at college students with concurrent autism traits and PMPU. SK ("Social skills"), COR ("Cyberspace-oriented relationship"), CO ("Communication"), and DLD ("Daily-life disturbance") were most strongly associated with depression. In addition, future research should consider various measurement tools and methods to investigate the location of AD ("Attention to detail"), because AD was an isolated symptom in the flow network of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Liu
- School of Education Sciences, Chongqing Normal University,
Chongqing, China
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26
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Pan J, Guo J, Wu Y, Zhao X. The Influence of Negative Emotions on Mobile Phone Addiction Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Negative Coping Styles and the Moderating Role of Gender. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2025; 18:3-13. [PMID: 39802958 PMCID: PMC11720637 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s497255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Negative emotions (depression and anxiety) are highly correlated with mobile phone addiction among college students, but the underlying mechanisms between variables need further exploration. The aim of this study is to further elucidate the relationship between negative emotions and mobile phone addiction among college students, with negative coping styles as the mediating variable and gender as the moderating variable. Methods A survey was conducted on 509 college students from two universities in Anhui Province, China, covering topics such as mobile phone addiction, depression, anxiety, and negative coping styles. SPSS software was used to analyze the relationship between variables. Results Depression, anxiety, negative coping styles, and mobile phone addiction are all significantly positively correlated. Negative coping styles mediate the relationship between depression, anxiety, and mobile phone addiction among college students. Gender regulates the relationship between depression/anxiety and mobile phone addiction. Specifically, the impact of negative emotions (depression and anxiety) on mobile phone addiction is greater in the male group than in the female group. Conclusion This study further reveals the psychological mechanisms behind the relationship between negative emotions (depression and anxiety) and mobile phone addiction. Negative coping styles are the mediating factor in this relationship, while gender is the moderating factor in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Pan
- Department of Students’ Affair, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqiao Guo
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Department of Education, Bozhou University, Bozhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- School of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Ma Y, Zhou Z, Ye C, Liu M. Online social support and problematic Internet Use-a meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2025; 160:108160. [PMID: 39265417 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The internet is a crucial platform for individuals to gain social support, enhancing their well-being. However, research indicated that while online social support (OSS) has positive aspects, it also carries potential drawbacks and can lead to problematic Internet use (PIU). This study aims to examine the complex relationship between OSS and PIU. METHODS Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed across five English and three Chinese databases. A total of 1966 articles were initially screened by title, followed by abstract, and finally, full text. And the random-effects model was used to synthesize the included 31 studies. RESULTS 31 studies were identified, encompassing a total sample of 22,375 participants. Meta-analysis revealed a moderate and significant correlation between OSS and PIU (r = 0.293), and it was significantly moderated by gender and the measurement methods of PIU. Notably, the relationship was more pronounced in studies with a higher proportion of female participants; when PIU was measured by problematic social media use, the relationship with OSS was stronger than studies that measured PIU by general problematic Internet use or problematic mobile phone use. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the association between OSS and PIU, and carry implications for identifying and addressing the potential risks associated with social support provision in the digital realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Ma
- Department of Social Work, United College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- School of Social Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chenxi Ye
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mengxin Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Kashefi A, Murphy SL, De Marez L, Conradie P, Vanden Abeele MMP. Tales of hope and hesitation: Smoking cessation experts' views on the opportunities and risks of digital behaviour change interventions. Digit Health 2025; 11:20552076251322060. [PMID: 39996068 PMCID: PMC11848888 DOI: 10.1177/20552076251322060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective Smoking remains a global health challenge, with 1.14 billion active smokers worldwide. Many of these smokers seek cessation support. The rise of mHealth offers novel intervention methods, providing monitoring and tailored feedback. This study aimed to map the opportunities and challenges of integrating digital behaviour change interventions (mHealth) into smoking cessation practices by understanding professionals' perceptions of these tools. Methods A qualitative study was conducted involving semi-structured interviews with 11 experienced smoking cessation professionals in Flanders, Belgium. Data collection occurred between January and April 2023. Inductive thematic analysis was performed to identify key patterns and themes in the experts' views regarding mHealth interventions. Results The analysis revealed four primary themes: (1) The Inexorable March of Technology - experts acknowledged the inevitability of technology in smoking cessation but varied in enthusiasm; (2) The Shimmering Mirage of Possibility - technology was viewed as supplementary, offering efficiency and support but limited in depth; (3) The Footnotes to Enthusiasm - experts expressed concerns over privacy, inclusivity, and the potential for technology to displace human care; and (4) The Human Anchor - the irreplaceable role of human connection and therapeutic alliance, which digital tools might not be able to replicate. Conclusion Experts believe mHealth interventions can augment smoking cessation support but should not replace human-driven care. A blended approach, integrating digital tools with traditional therapeutic relationships, offers the most promise. Addressing concerns about privacy, inclusivity, and most importantly the limits of digital therapeutic alliances is essential for successful mHealth implementation in smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Kashefi
- imec-mict-UGent, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Lee Murphy
- imec-mict-UGent, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Marez
- imec-mict-UGent, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Conradie
- imec-mict-UGent, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Munari SC, Goller JL, Coombe J, Orozco A, Eddy S, Hocking J, Hellard M, Lim MSC. Young people's preferences and motivations for STI partner notification: observational findings from the 2024 Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll survey. Sex Health 2025; 22:SH24184. [PMID: 39786989 DOI: 10.1071/sh24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Background Partner notification is an important step in the control of sexually transmissible infections (STIs). STIs remain at high rates among young people and can have serious reproductive consequences if left untreated. This study aimed to determine the preferences and motivations for partner notification among young people in Australia. Methods Quantitative and free-text qualitative data were collected through the 2024 Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll survey, an annual cross-sectional survey conducted among people aged 15-29years old in Victoria, Australia. Respondents were recruited using convenience sampling through social media advertisements. Counts and proportions were calculated for the preferences and motivations for partner notification by regular and casual sexual partners as well as methods of communication. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse free-text responses. Results The partner notification module of the survey was completed by 1163 people (60.3% identified as women, 40.2% as heterosexual) who provided a total of 1720 free-text responses. The majority, 1056 (90.8%) stated that they would notify their sexual partners and 1142 (98.2%) would want to be notified by a sexual partner of an STI risk. Qualitative analysis highlighted that respondents felt that partner notification is the responsible thing to do to look after their own and their partner's health and protect others by reducing transmission. Few stated that embarrassment and fear of repercussions may make them less likely to notify their partners or that it would depend on the type of relationship. Most preferred to notify regular partners face-to-face (941, 80.9%) and casual partners via text message (785, 67.5%). Conclusion Almost all young people want to notify and be notified by partners of an STI risk regardless of age, gender or sexual identity. Tailoring resources by communication method and partner type is one way in which practitioners and public health authorities can support young people in undertaking this important step in STI control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Munari
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jane L Goller
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Coombe
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ana Orozco
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Sarah Eddy
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jane Hocking
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Doherty Institute and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Megan S C Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Amin MHJ, Alhadi HA, Mohamed AEA, Yacoub HKET, Khalifa RMH, Dafallah IAE, Yasin FMO, Taha AM, Adam MYA, Abualabasher MO. Impact of smartphone addiction on health status, mental well-being, and sleep quality among medical students in Sudan. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:965. [PMID: 39741229 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone use has rapidly increased worldwide. It was estimated that worldwide use of smartphones surpassed 4.3 billion in 2023, which means 54% of the world's population now uses smartphones. However, research shows that excessive smartphone use poses health risks and decreases sleep quality, which can be detrimental for students. This study investigates the impact of problematic smartphone usage on health status, mental health, and sleep quality among medical students enrolled in Sudanese universities. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024, targeting medical students and recent graduates from Sudanese universities through an online survey. Data were collected using validated scales for smartphone addiction, sleep quality, suboptimal health status, and mental health. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS software v28.0.0. RESULTS Out of 231 respondents (69% female, mean age 22.7), 67.6% exhibited high levels of smartphone addiction. Significant correlations were found between smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality (r = 0.462, p < 0.001), suboptimal health (r = 0.527, p < 0.001), and mental health issues (r = 0.365, p < 0.001). Single students had higher addiction and stress scores, while those living in Sudan showed higher suboptimal health scores. CONCLUSIONS Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is prevalent among Sudanese medical students, negatively affecting mental health and sleep.
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Fan M, Hung JL, Hung SH, Chen LC, Horng CT. Improvement of Presbyopia, Dry Eye, Intraocular Pressure, and Near Vision Through Cassiae Tea Consumption. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 61:35. [PMID: 39859017 PMCID: PMC11766764 DOI: 10.3390/medicina61010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to illustrate a novel method for improving presbyopia by drinking cassiae tea. Materials and Methods: A total of 425 eyes from 425 participants (aged 52.5 ± 9.5 years) were recruited and divided into several experimental groups over a 6-month period. Participants consumed cassiae tea daily (10 g of cassiae semen brewed in 500 cc of water). Meanwhile, control group participants consumed 500 cc of plain water along with 1000 mg of vitamin C each day. Experiments 1 and 2: Participants with severe dry eye and intraocular pressure (IOP) > 30 mmHg were enrolled, and outcomes were assessed for these conditions, respectively. Experiments 3, 4, and 7: These experiments evaluated pupil size, near vision, and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in two groups of volunteers. Experiment 5: Different quantities of cassiae tea were prescribed to various groups, and near vision was measured. Experiment 6: Three questionnaires assessed presbyopic symptoms after cassiae tea consumption. Experiment 8: The antioxidant activity of cassiae tea compared with other bioactive compounds and Chinese herbs was evaluated using the DPPH test. Results: By the fourth month of the study, participants experienced increased tear volume and reduced IOP. Pupil size constricted, near vision improved, and serum SOD levels increased. Furthermore, greater consumption of cassiae tea was correlated with better near vision. The antioxidant activity of cassiae tea was found to surpass that of anthocyanins, wolfberry, and vitamin C. Conclusions: Drinking cassiae tea improves dry eye symptoms, reduces IOP, regulates pupil size, and enhances near vision due to its excellent antioxidant and pharmacological properties. These benefits may particularly aid individuals with presbyopia and those engaged in near-distance activities, such as smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Lin Hung
- Master of Science Program in Health Care, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Huan Hung
- Master of Science Program in Health Care, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chai Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Horng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
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Gao L, Zhao W, Caselli G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen H. Weak and interfered self-control fails to block problematic mobile phone use: The role of craving and desire thinking. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 179:191-198. [PMID: 39312852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has become a worldwide phenomenon with negative impacts on adolescents' daily lives. While self-control has been shown to be related to PMPU, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this association. Based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model and the strength model of self-control, the current study aims to examine the association between self-control and PMPU, to identify the indirect role of craving, and to determine whether and how the two components of desire thinking exert differential moderating effects. A sample of 1424 adolescents was recruited to complete the scales of self-control, craving, desire thinking, and PMPU. The results suggested that self-control was indirectly associated with PMPU through craving. Furthermore, this indirect association was moderated by verbal perseveration, rather than imaginal prefiguration. Specifically, the indirect association was stronger for adolescents with higher verbal perseveration. The findings deepen our understanding of how self-control is related to PMPU and distinguish the effects of two components of desire thinking among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Gao
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wan Zhao
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gabriele Caselli
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK; Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haide Chen
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
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Kabadayi F. Smartphone addiction, depression, distress, eustress, loneliness, and sleep deprivation in adolescents: a latent profile and network analysis approach. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:608. [PMID: 39478568 PMCID: PMC11526649 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on adolescent smartphone addiction has tended to focus on general populations that are assumed to be homogeneous, overlooking latent profiles. Furthermore, previous research has not focused on potentially important differences in the latent profiles of adolescent smartphone addiction in networks. The present study aimed to reveal the latent profiles of smartphone addiction, depression, stress, eustress, loneliness, and sleep deprivation in adolescents, and general and latent profiles were examined in the network. METHODS The study group consisted of 436 (222 boys and 214 girls) adolescents, aged between 13 and 18 years. The findings of the present study were provided using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, latent profile analysis and network analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS, JASP, and Mplus. RESULTS The results of the study showed solutions with three latent profiles. The non-addicted group constituted 20.87%, the addicted group covered 29.82% and the risky group included 49.31% of the study group. Although the general profile and the addicted latent group had similar characteristics, the differences in the risky and non-addicted groups contributed to the current literature by providing a further and remarkable perspective on smartphone addiction, depression, distress, eustress, loneliness, and sleep deprivation in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The theoretical and practical implications of the present results will provide contributions to researchers and practitioners in understanding smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedai Kabadayi
- Faculty of Education, Department of Counseling and Guidance, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye.
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Watson-Mackie K, Arundell L, Lander N, McKay FH, Jerebine A, Venetsanou F, Barnett LM. Technology-Supported Physical Activity and Its Potential as a Tool to Promote Young Women's Physical Activity and Physical Literacy: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52302. [PMID: 39423006 PMCID: PMC11530733 DOI: 10.2196/52302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known benefits of physical activity (PA), rates of engagement in PA remain low globally. Low engagement in PA among young women can impact their health. Technology-supported PA may increase PA and physical literacy (PL; skills that can support PA) among young women. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to investigate the (1) associations between technology-supported PA and PA levels, (2) associations between technology-supported PA and PL levels, and (3) types of technology-supported PA that are associated with higher levels of PA engagement among young women aged 13 to 24 years. This age range was chosen as it includes two transitional periods characterized by decreases in PA. METHODS We searched 6 databases: Applied Science and Technology Source, Education Source, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, and SPORTDiscus. Eligible studies were original research published in English between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024; focused on young women; and involving either technology-supported PA interventions or research exploring the correlation between technology and PA and PL. The findings of the review were presented descriptively. Study quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal tools. There were no deviations from the registered protocol. RESULTS In total, 23 (0.1%) studies (10,233 participants) from 23,609 records were included: randomized controlled trials (n=9, 39%), nonrandomized or retrospective observational studies (n=9, 39%), and cross-sectional studies (n=5, 22%). Of the 23 studies, 12 (52%) focused on young adults (aged ≥19 y), 9 (39%) involved adolescents (aged <19 y), and 2 (9%) focused on both groups. Nine studies (39%) were theory based. Common types of technology-supported PA were interactive websites or social media platforms (10/23, 43%), wearable fitness trackers (4/23, 17%), and mobile apps (4/23, 17%). PA or PL were predominantly self-reported (18/23, 78%). A total of 53 PA outcomes were measured: 36% (19/53) reported a positive impact on PA from mobile apps (9/15; 60% of analyses), interactive websites or social media platforms (8/27; 30% of analyses) and wearable fitness trackers (2/11; 18% of analyses). The impact on PL was weak (2/7; 29% of analyses). Eight studies (35%) were rated high, 7 (30%) medium, and 8 (35%) low in quality. CONCLUSIONS There was limited evidence that technology-supported PA improved young women's PA or PL. The evidence was limited by poor study quality and a lack of theoretical frameworks. In addition, little information was provided on the designs of the technology used. Future interventions seeking to improve young women's PA and PL should focus on the development of mobile apps underpinned by behavior change theory and addressing whole domains of PL rather than specific elements. Given that technology continues to rapidly advance, further studies are needed to demonstrate the impact of technology-supported PA in improving PA and PL among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Watson-Mackie
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Lauren Arundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Natalie Lander
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Fiona H McKay
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Alethea Jerebine
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Fotini Venetsanou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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Kvintova J, Novotny JS, Liu H, Vachova L, Kantor J. Path analysis reveals cross-country differences between Czech and Chinese university students in effect of internet and smartphone addiction, mental health, and personality traits on academic achievement in the post-pandemic era. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:567. [PMID: 39420418 PMCID: PMC11487747 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive evidence on the impact of various mental health issues including smartphone/internet addiction, and personality traits on academic achievement, little is known about the complex interactions between multiple of these factors simultaneously, as well as cross-country differences in these nuanced relationships. In particular, understanding the role of the mentioned addictions has become increasingly important in recent years in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this cross-country study was to investigate, using path analysis, the complex relationships between mental health determinants (depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, and smartphone/internet addiction) and academic achievement in 1785 Czech and Chinese university students using an online battery of psychological tests. The results confirmed the previously described effect of multiple factors (anxiety, stress, resilience, smartphone/internet addiction, personality traits, and sex, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) on academic achievement, overlapping in most cases for both groups of students. At the same time, however, different country-dependent patterns of interactions emerged. For the Czech students, the variables formed a complex network of interacting factors, whereas for the Chinese students, the effect of each cluster of factors was separate for individual domains of academic achievement. These cross-country differences have implications particularly for planning and targeting the most effective interventions to promote and develop academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kvintova
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sebastian Novotny
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Vachova
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kantor
- Institute of Special Educational Studies, Faculty of Education, Palacký University, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic
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Al-Khadher MA, Alghamdi AA, Saraa N, Albursan IS, Bakhiet SF, Al-Qadri AH. The dimensional validity and reliability of the Italian smartphone addiction inventory of Yemeni university students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 250:104493. [PMID: 39288693 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing usage of smartphones globally necessitates the creation of reliable and valid scales to evaluate their psychological effects, particularly within academic settings such as universities. The current study aimed to identify the factorial structure of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) in the Republic of Yemen. The sample consisted of 1920 university students (1136 males and 784 females). The data was analyzed with the AMOS V25 statistical program. The results of the factor analysis supported the goodness of fit of the five-factor model to the data with excellent indices: RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.910, GFI = 0.931, AGFI = 0.915, TLI = 0.907, NFI = 0.915, RFI = 0.916, and RMR = 0.032, all of which are within the ideal range to support the goodness of fit of the model to the factorial structure of the inventory, as the values of the explained variances ranged between 0.740 and 0.834., with indices of reliability in measurement. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that four items loaded on the Time Spent factor, four items on the Compulsivity factor, eight items on the Daily Life Interference factor, five items on the Craving factor, and three items on the Sleep Interference factor, with all loadings being statistically significant (>0.001). Based on these findings, research direction and recommendations were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Saraa
- Department of English, Faculty of Letters and Languages, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria.
| | | | - Salaheldin Farah Bakhiet
- King Saud University, Department of Special Education, College of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Carter B, Payne M, Rees P, Sohn SY, Brown J, Kalk NJ. A multi-school study in England, to assess problematic smartphone usage and anxiety and depression. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2240-2248. [PMID: 39084660 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between problematic smartphone usage and anxiety and depression in adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study in five schools in the UK were included. The primary outcome was moderate anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10) symptoms and secondary outcomes were moderate depression symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10) and insomnia. Problematic smartphone usage was assessed using screentime and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. A multi-level logistic regression was fitted and adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) reported. A mediation analysis was conducted. RESULTS Of the five included schools, 657 adolescents aged 16-18 years were enrolled. The median age was 17.5 years (17-18 [IQR]) and 508 (77.3%) were female. Of these 188 (28.6%) exhibited moderate anxiety and 226 (34.4%) moderate depression symptoms. Almost two thirds (421, 64.1%) have tried to cut down their smartphone use and 81 (12.5%) wanted help to reduce use. Problematic smartphone use was associated with increased anxiety (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.28-3.23); depression (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.80-4.86); and insomnia (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.08-2.50). Screentime was not associated with anxiety (β = 0.99, 95% CI 0.91-1.08); or depression (β = 0.98, 95% CI 0.89-1.07). Problematic smartphone use had a significant direct, indirect and total effect on both anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Problematic smartphone usage was associated with anxiety and depression, independent of screentime. Interventions are needed to reduce problematic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mollie Payne
- Department of Biostatistics and Health informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philippa Rees
- Population Policy Practice, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sei Yon Sohn
- Department of Biostatistics and Health informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - June Brown
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola J Kalk
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Lu X, An X, Chen S. Trends and Influencing Factors in Problematic Smartphone Use Prevalence (2012-2022): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:616-634. [PMID: 38979617 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Given that problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been researched for a long time, it becomes necessary to assess how the trends of PSU prevalence have evolved over time. In total, 106 articles from 2012 to 2022 with 109 studies covering 97,748 individuals were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimation of the global pooled PSU prevalence was 37.1% (95% confidence interval, 33.5 - 40.8%) and the PSU prevalence is growing over time in total. Although the PSU prevalence exhibited wide variation between regions and measurement scales, the increasing trend remained. In addition, the regression slope of the PSU prevalence trend in males was higher than that in females. Males initially had a lower prevalence of PSU than females, but this steadily changed over time until it was greater in males than in females. Moreover, the prevalence of PSU showed an increasing trend across all age groups, with a faster growth rate in the older age group. Considering the aforementioned results, it's necessary to implement proper interventions to do with this phenomenon. In addition, considering the differences in prevalence brought by regions, and measurement scales, in practice and research, we should not only take into account the disparities of PSU between countries or cultures, but also to concern about establishing unified standard and measurement tools to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Lu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xianli An
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siguang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Nochian MA, Mousavi S, Khosravi H, Basirinezhad MH, Mirhosseini S. Association between internet addiction and musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian medical sciences students. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:662. [PMID: 39180017 PMCID: PMC11342478 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of the Internet can lead to adverse outcomes in students' lives. Prolonged Internet usage may result in academic failure, an elevated risk of musculoskeletal problems, and the emergence of issues impacting the lives of students and their peers. This study aimed to explore the relationship between Internet addiction and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among students in the field of medical sciences. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 314 medical sciences students in Semnan, Iran, were assessed using the census sampling method. The participants' Internet addiction status and the presence of MSDs were determined through Young's Internet Addiction questionnaire and the Nordic self-report questionnaire, respectively. Data underwent analysis employing logistic regression test to ascertain the relationship between Internet addiction and MSDs. RESULTS Among the 314 participating students in this research, about 21% and 1.6% of the participants were lay open to and suffered from Internet addiction, respectively. Internet addiction was associated with the presence of pain, discomfort, burning, or numbness in the neck, wrist, upper back, hips, and thighs. For each unit increase in the Internet addiction score, the chance of neck and wrist pain rises by 3% compared to a 2% increase in upper back and hip/thigh pain. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that excessive Internet use is linked to a heightened risk of MSDs in medical sciences students. Consequently, it is imperative to raise awareness about these complications and promote the adoption of proper posture when using the Internet. Further research is also warranted among diverse student populations to investigate the impact of Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Nochian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyedhamidreza Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamed Khosravi
- Nursing Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Yang X, Liu Q, Gao L, Wang G, Liu T. Linking Self-Esteem to Problematic Mobile Phone Use: A Moderated Mediation Model of Fear of Missing Out and Ruminative Subtypes. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:683. [PMID: 39199079 PMCID: PMC11351683 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Low self-esteem has been identified as a risk factor for problematic mobile phone use (PMPU). However, the magnitude of self-esteem's effect on PMPU varied across different studies. Drawing on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model and the response styles theory, this study developed a moderated mediation model to investigate the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO) and the moderating roles of ruminative subtypes (i.e., brooding and reflection) in the relationship between self-esteem and PMPU. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 806 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.35 years, SD = 1.18) using the convenience sampling method. Results showed that self-esteem was negatively associated with PMPU. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between self-esteem and PMPU was mediated by FoMO. Furthermore, moderated mediation analyses revealed that the mediating effect of FoMO was moderated by both brooding and reflection, such that the indirect effect became stronger for individuals with higher levels of brooding/reflection. These findings add to previous research by shedding light on how (i.e., mediation) and under what conditions (i.e., moderation) self-esteem is associated with PMPU and have implications for early prevention and intervention of individual PMPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, China;
| | - Qingqi Liu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China;
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China;
| | - Guojun Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, China;
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, China;
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Xiao QL, Ding YQ, Cao XX, Chen WY, Lian SL, Zhu XW. Mobile phone addiction and emptiness among Chinese college students: the chain mediating role of attention control and self-concept clarity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 43:25297-25310. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-024-06221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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Pirwani N, Szabo A. Sports and exercise-related smartphone use is antagonistic to hedonic use in regular exercisers: A cross-sectional study examining the roles of exercise frequency and duration. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2271. [PMID: 39086510 PMCID: PMC11286539 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hedonic smartphone use has been associated with dependence and addiction studied under the umbrella term Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU). Research usually explores total screen time as an index of PSU. A few studies suggest that exercise is inversely related to smartphone use time. However, it is unknown which primary characteristics of exercise behavior are related to more moderate smarthone use. Furthermore, the purpose of smartphone use, such as hedonic use associated with PSU versus utilitarian use, was not tested in the sports and exercise contexts. Hedonic use generally means playing with the smartphone for joy, distraction, and satisfaction. Utilitarian use implies practical and valuable use. There is a conjecture that sports involvement may foster utilitarian use through increased involvement in sports-related information-seeking, goal-setting, and self-monitoring. Methods Therefore, we examined whether weekly exercise frequency, workout duration, and perceived exercise intensity relate to total daily smarthone and hedonic use and whether this relationship is mediated by sports-related utilitarian device use. We tested regularly exercising adults (n = 360, 132 males, M age = 39.0 ± 9.8, M weekly exercise = 5.8 ± 1.9) who volunteered for this study and provided demographic information about their exercise habits and smartphone use. Results The results revealed that all exercise parameters mediated the total daily smartphone use, with perceived exercise intensity being a negative predictor. Further, exercise frequency and duration (but not intensity) positively predicted sports-related smartphone use, which inversely predicted hedonic use. Conclusion These results suggest that exercise parameters directly relate to daily smartphone use, which completely mediates hedonic use. These findings may partially account for the frequently reported inverse relationship between regular exercise and PSU by suggesting that the connection is mediated via sports-related smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pirwani
- Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Education and PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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Uniyal R, Shahnawaz MG. Wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use: Serial Mediation of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1705-1726. [PMID: 36420682 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221141311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) has been explored in the past, however, the role of the potential mediators of this association is a relatively neglected area of research. Therefore, the current study examined mindfulness and self-compassion as mediators of the relationship between wellbeing and PSU in 220 university students. WHO-5 Wellbeing Index, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale- State, Self-Compassion Scale- Short form and Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version were used for assessing wellbeing, mindfulness, self-compassion, and PSU respectively. Wellbeing had a direct and indirect effect on PSU. In addition, results supported a serial mediation model where wellbeing was found to influence PSU via mindfulness and self-compassion in a sequential manner. The results expanded the Compensatory Internet Use Theory (CIUT) to understand PSU and have implications for the management of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Carter B, Ahmed N, Cassidy O, Pearson O, Calcia M, Mackie C, Kalk NJ. 'There's more to life than staring at a small screen': a mixed methods cohort study of problematic smartphone use and the relationship to anxiety, depression and sleep in students aged 13-16 years old in the UK. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 27:e301115. [PMID: 39085034 PMCID: PMC11293406 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are common in adolescents and have increased over the last decade. During that period, smartphone usage has become ubiquitous. OBJECTIVES The study aim was to assess the association between problematic smartphone usage (PSU) and anxiety. METHODS Using a prospective mixed methods cohort study design, students aged 13-16 year old from two schools were enrolled regarding their smartphone use, mood and sleep via a semistructured questionnaire at baseline and week 4. The primary outcome was symptoms of anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, GAD-7) and exposure was PSU (Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version). A linear regression was fitted to assess the change in anxiety. Thematic analysis of free-text responses was conducted. FINDINGS The sample included 69 participants that were enrolled and followed up between 28 March and 3 June 2022. Of those with PSU, 44.4% exhibited symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety compared with 26.4% of those without PSU. There was a linear association between change in symptoms of anxiety and PSU β=0.18 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.32, p=0.013). Several themes were found: both positive and negative effects of smartphones on relationships; negative effects on school performance and productivity; mixed effects on mood; a desire to reduce the amount of time spent on smartphones. CONCLUSIONS Increased anxiety, depression and inability to sleep were seen in participants as their PSU score increased over time. Participants reported both positive and negative effects of smartphones and almost all used strategies to reduce use. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Interventions need to be developed and evaluated for those seeking support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatary, Psychology and Neuroscence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Najma Ahmed
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatary, Psychology and Neuroscence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Olivia Cassidy
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatary, Psychology and Neuroscence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Pearson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatary, Psychology and Neuroscence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marilia Calcia
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Mackie
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Jayne Kalk
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Xue H, Jing S, Song X, Zhang F, Liu X, Si X. Clinical nurses' work procrastination and smartphone addiction: a potential profile study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1387288. [PMID: 39144584 PMCID: PMC11322127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the medical field, effective time management by clinical nurses is crucial for enhancing the quality of patient care. However, in recent years, with increasing work pressure for clinical nurses, procrastination has become a prevalent issue. Many nurses use smartphones as a way to alleviate stress and manage emotions, but excessive smartphone use could exacerbate procrastination, thereby jeopardizing patient safety and healthcare quality. Therefore, understanding the current state of work procrastination among clinical nurses, its heterogeneity, and exploring the impact of smartphone addiction and demographic factors on different aspects of nurse procrastination hold significant importance for improving patient care quality. Objective This study aims to explore the current state of work procrastination among clinical nurses and identify potential profile categories. It further analyzes the impact of mobile phone addiction and demographic factors on work procrastination among clinical nurses. Methods Convenience sampling was employed to recruit participants from three tertiary hospitals in central China from October to November 2023. Surveys measuring nurses' work procrastination and smartphone addiction were distributed and collected through online platforms. A total of 1,536 nurses participated in this study. Mplus 8.3 statistical software was used for latent profile analysis of clinical nurses' work procrastination, and SPSS 26.0 software was utilized for chi-square tests, rank-sum tests, and multi-classification logistic regression analyses. Results The median total score for clinical nurses' work procrastination was 21.00 (17.00, 28.00), and three subgroups were identified: low procrastination (66.93%), medium-low procrastination (20.66%), and medium-high procrastination (12.41%). Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed that smartphone addiction and department atmosphere were common influencing factors for medium-low and medium-high work procrastination. Hospitals with stricter management and nurses holding the position of head nurse were more likely to belong to the low work procrastination group. Nurses with higher incomes or those holding intermediate titles were more prone to medium-low work procrastination, while those experiencing career advancement difficulties were more likely to exhibit medium-high work procrastination (p < 0.05). Conclusion Clinical nurses' work procrastination is generally at a medium-to-low level, with three subgroups identified: low procrastination, medium-low procrastination, and medium-high procrastination. Additionally, clinical nurses in surgical departments or those with intermediate titles exhibit higher levels of procrastination. Factors such as smartphone addiction, higher monthly income, tense departmental atmosphere, and unsuccessful career advancement are more likely to lead to work procrastination. Conversely, nurses in hospitals with strict management or those holding the position of head nurse exhibit lower levels of work procrastination. Therefore, nursing managers should pay close attention to the work procrastination behaviors of clinical nurses, actively monitor predictive factors among different groups, and provide psychological counseling and relevant training based on individual nurse circumstances. Additionally, it is also essential to focus on and improve departmental atmosphere and nurse smartphone addiction to enhance clinical nurses' work efficiency and reduce work procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Xue
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Songbin Jing
- Nursing Department, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoren Song
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Nursing Department, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Nursing Department, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaona Si
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zalewska A, Gałczyk M. Fatigue, Internet Addiction and Symptoms of Long COVID-A Cross-Sectional Study of Polish Students. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3383. [PMID: 38929912 PMCID: PMC11205095 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fatigue is the most persistent symptom in patients with long COVID. Moreover, Internet addiction itself has become a pandemic long-term effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of fatigue and Internet addiction in a group of students with COVID-19 and to determine the relationship between fatigue and addiction in students with and without long COVID symptoms. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 Polish students aged 19-26. The 183 students who had COVID-19 signaled the presence of long COVID symptoms, which corresponded to 45.5% of the surveyed group. The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale was used to assess the level of fatigue, and the Kimberly Young questionnaire was used to assess the level of Internet addiction. Results: 19.7% (95% c.i.: 15.9-23.9%) of the students surveyed had a moderate level of Internet dependence (Internet addiction measure value of 50 points or more). Most of them did not complain of high levels of fatigue. Higher levels of dependence and fatigue were observed in subjects with long COVID symptoms (MFIS mean value was 26.5 in this group vs. 17.7 in the others; p = 0.0000 ***). The higher the respondents' level of dependence, the more they tended to feel tired (correlations were stronger in those with long COVID symptoms: rS = 0.23; p = 0.0017 **). Conclusions: In view of the results obtained, the study presented here has the potential to contribute to the international debate on the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and strategies to address them. The study provides data that may be useful in the development of educational and health policies that target the psychophysical well-being of patients with long COVID symptoms. This process should be considered as a long-term endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zalewska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, 14 Akademicka St., 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
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Zawati MH, Lang M. Does an App a Day Keep the Doctor Away? AI Symptom Checker Applications, Entrenched Bias, and Professional Responsibility. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e50344. [PMID: 38838309 PMCID: PMC11187504 DOI: 10.2196/50344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing prominence of artificial intelligence (AI) in mobile health (mHealth) has given rise to a distinct subset of apps that provide users with diagnostic information using their inputted health status and symptom information-AI-powered symptom checker apps (AISympCheck). While these apps may potentially increase access to health care, they raise consequential ethical and legal questions. This paper will highlight notable concerns with AI usage in the health care system, further entrenchment of preexisting biases in the health care system and issues with professional accountability. To provide an in-depth analysis of the issues of bias and complications of professional obligations and liability, we focus on 2 mHealth apps as examples-Babylon and Ada. We selected these 2 apps as they were both widely distributed during the COVID-19 pandemic and make prominent claims about their use of AI for the purpose of assessing user symptoms. First, bias entrenchment often originates from the data used to train AI systems, causing the AI to replicate these inequalities through a "garbage in, garbage out" phenomenon. Users of these apps are also unlikely to be demographically representative of the larger population, leading to distorted results. Second, professional accountability poses a substantial challenge given the vast diversity and lack of regulation surrounding the reliability of AISympCheck apps. It is unclear whether these apps should be subject to safety reviews, who is responsible for app-mediated misdiagnosis, and whether these apps ought to be recommended by physicians. With the rapidly increasing number of apps, there remains little guidance available for health professionals. Professional bodies and advocacy organizations have a particularly important role to play in addressing these ethical and legal gaps. Implementing technical safeguards within these apps could mitigate bias, AIs could be trained with primarily neutral data, and apps could be subject to a system of regulation to allow users to make informed decisions. In our view, it is critical that these legal concerns are considered throughout the design and implementation of these potentially disruptive technologies. Entrenched bias and professional responsibility, while operating in different ways, are ultimately exacerbated by the unregulated nature of mHealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma'n H Zawati
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Lang
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Pirwani N, Szabo A. Could physical activity alleviate smartphone addiction in university students? A systematic literature review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102744. [PMID: 38707250 PMCID: PMC11068924 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, the widespread surge in smartphone addiction (SA) has raised major global health concerns and prompted researchers to scrutinize the inverse relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of SA. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize the empirical research on the relationship between PA and SA among university students representing the most affected age group. Methods Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we explored five databases: PubMed, Social Sciences Research Network (SSRN), Oxford Research Archive, Journal Storage (JSTOR), and Google Scholar. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) for quality assessment. Results Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight of them were cross-sectional, and three were experimental. The 31 studies emerged from 12 countries, most stemming (45.16%) from China. Their findings suggest an inverse relationship between PA and SA in the examined population. However, the direct relationship may be weak based on correlational studies, while intervention research yields noteworthy effects. Still, other factors like resilience may mediate the studied relationship. Methodological concerns render the results of correlational studies tentative. Conclusions Regular PA could be a promising preventive measure for SA. Future work should use objective PA indices in longitudinal research designs while assessing the type and duration of smartphone applications used via device meters. In correlational studies, interviews should follow up on the high SA risk or too much device use. In conclusion, moderate evidence indicates that PA can reduce SA among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pirwani
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Bye A, Carter B, Leightley D, Trevillion K, Liakata M, Branthonne-Foster S, Cross S, Zenasni Z, Carr E, Williamson G, Vega Viyuela A, Dutta R. Cohort profile: The Social media, smartphone use and Self-harm in Young People (3S-YP) study-A prospective, observational cohort study of young people in contact with mental health services. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299059. [PMID: 38776261 PMCID: PMC11111019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Social media, Smartphone use and Self-Harm (3S-YP) study is a prospective observational cohort study to investigate the mechanisms underpinning associations between social media and smartphone use and self-harm in a clinical youth sample. We present here a comprehensive description of the cohort from baseline data and an overview of data available from baseline and follow-up assessments. METHODS Young people aged 13-25 years were recruited from a mental health trust in England and followed up for 6 months. Self-report data was collected at baseline and monthly during follow-up and linked with electronic health records (EHR) and user-generated data. FINDINGS A total of 362 young people enrolled and provided baseline questionnaire data. Most participants had a history of self-harm according to clinical (n = 295, 81.5%) and broader definitions (n = 296, 81.8%). At baseline, there were high levels of current moderate/severe anxiety (n = 244; 67.4%), depression (n = 255; 70.4%) and sleep disturbance (n = 171; 47.2%). Over half used social media and smartphones after midnight on weekdays (n = 197, 54.4%; n = 215, 59.4%) and weekends (n = 241, 66.6%; n = 263, 72.7%), and half met the cut-off for problematic smartphone use (n = 177; 48.9%). Of the cohort, we have questionnaire data at month 6 from 230 (63.5%), EHR data from 345 (95.3%), social media data from 110 (30.4%) and smartphone data from 48 (13.3%). CONCLUSION The 3S-YP study is the first prospective study with a clinical youth sample, for whom to investigate the impact of digital technology on youth mental health using novel data linkages. Baseline findings indicate self-harm, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance and digital technology overuse are prevalent among clinical youth. Future analyses will explore associations between outcomes and exposures over time and compare self-report with user-generated data in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bye
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Leightley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kylee Trevillion
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Liakata
- School of Electronic Engineering & Computer Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
- University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samantha Cross
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zohra Zenasni
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Carr
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Williamson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Vega Viyuela
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN) South London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Research Department, Health Research Institute, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rina Dutta
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Höhn C, Hahn MA, Gruber G, Pletzer B, Cajochen C, Hoedlmoser K. Effects of evening smartphone use on sleep and declarative memory consolidation in male adolescents and young adults. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae173. [PMID: 38846535 PMCID: PMC11154150 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to short-wavelength light before bedtime is known to disrupt nocturnal melatonin secretion and can impair subsequent sleep. However, while it has been demonstrated that older adults are less affected by short-wavelength light, there is limited research exploring differences between adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the effects of evening short-wavelength light on sleep architecture extend to sleep-related processes, such as declarative memory consolidation. Here, we recorded polysomnography from 33 male adolescents (15.42 ± 0.97 years) and 35 male young adults (21.51 ± 2.06 years) in a within-subject design during three different nights to investigate the impact of reading for 90 min either on a smartphone with or without a blue-light filter or from a printed book. We measured subjective sleepiness, melatonin secretion, sleep physiology and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. While subjective sleepiness remained unaffected, we observed a significant melatonin attenuation effect in both age groups immediately after reading on the smartphone without a blue-light filter. Interestingly, adolescents fully recovered from the melatonin attenuation in the following 50 min before bedtime, whereas adults still, at bedtime, exhibited significantly reduced melatonin levels. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation and the coupling between sleep spindles and slow oscillations were not affected by short-wavelength light in both age groups. Nevertheless, adults showed a reduction in N3 sleep during the first night quarter. In summary, avoiding smartphone use in the last hour before bedtime is advisable for adolescents and young adults to prevent sleep disturbances. Our research empirically supports general sleep hygiene advice and can inform future recommendations regarding the use of smartphones and other screen-based devices before bedtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Höhn
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael A Hahn
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Medical Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georg Gruber
- The Siesta Group Schlafanalyse GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience (MCN), University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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