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Li HY, Lin HY, Chang SK, Chiu YT, Hou CC, Ko TP, Huang KF, Niu DM, Cheng WC. Mechanistic Insights into Dibasic Iminosugars as pH-Selective Pharmacological Chaperones to Stabilize Human α-Galactosidase. JACS AU 2024; 4:908-918. [PMID: 38559739 PMCID: PMC10976572 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of pharmacological chaperones (PCs) to stabilize specific enzymes and impart a therapeutic benefit is an emerging strategy in drug discovery. However, designing molecules that can bind optimally to their targets at physiological pH remains a major challenge. Our previous study found that dibasic polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine 5 exhibited superior pH-selective inhibitory activity and chaperoning activity for human α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) compared with its monobasic parent molecule, 4. To further investigate the role of different C-2 moieties on the pH-selectivity and protecting effects of these compounds, we designed and synthesized a library of monobasic and dibasic iminosugars, screened them for α-Gal A-stabilizing activity using thermal shift and heat-induced denaturation assays, and characterized the mechanistic basis for this stabilization using X-ray crystallography and binding assays. We noted that the dibasic iminosugars 5 and 20 protect α-Gal A from denaturation and inactivation at lower concentrations than monobasic or other N-substituted derivatives; a finding attributed to the nitrogen on the C-2 methylene of 5 and 20, which forms the bifurcated salt bridges (BSBs) with two carboxyl residues, E203 and D231. Additionally, the formation of BSBs at pH 7.0 and the electrostatic repulsion between the vicinal ammonium cations of dibasic iminosugars at pH 4.5 are responsible for their pH-selective binding to α-Gal A. Moreover, compounds 5 and 20 demonstrated promising results in improving enzyme replacement therapy and exhibited significant chaperoning effects in Fabry cells. These findings suggest amino-iminosugars 5 and 20 as useful models to demonstrate how an additional exocyclic amino group can improve their pH-selectivity and protecting effects, providing new insights for the design of pH-selective PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Yi Li
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Chang
- Department
of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chien Hou
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Dau-Ming Niu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, East, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, University Road, Nanzih, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300, Syuefu Road, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
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2
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Auray-Blais C, Lavoie P, Martineau T, Ntumba GK, Gamrani M, Khan A, Altarescu G, Lehman A, Goker-Alpan O, Nowak A, West ML, Bichet DG. Fabry disease biomarkers in patients switched from enzyme-replacement therapy to migalastat oral chaperone therapy. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1421-1437. [PMID: 37847061 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A biomarker profile was evaluated longitudinally in patients with Fabry disease switched from enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) to migalastat. Methods: 16 Gb3 isoforms and eight lyso-Gb3 analogues were analyzed in plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS at baseline and at three different time points in naive participants and participants switching from either agalsidase α or β to migalastat. Results: 29 adult participants were recruited internationally (seven centers). The Mainz Severity Score Index and mean biomarker levels remained stable (p ≥ 0.05) over a minimum of 12 months compared with baseline following the treatment switch. Conclusion: In this cohort of patients with Fabry disease with amenable mutations, in the short term, a switch from ERT to migalastat did not have a marked effect on the average biomarker profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pamela Lavoie
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Tristan Martineau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Georges Kabala Ntumba
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamrani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- M.A.G.I.C. (Metabolics and Genetics in Canada) Clinic Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gheona Altarescu
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmuel (Hans) Beyth St 12, Jerusalem, 9103102, Israel
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center-LDRTC, 3702 Pender Dr. STE 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Endocrinology & Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael L West
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, QE II Health Sciences Centre, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Daniel G Bichet
- University of Montreal & Nephrology Service, Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montreal, 5400 Boul. Gouin O, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
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3
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Hallows WC, Skvorak K, Agard N, Kruse N, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Botham RC, Chng C, Shukla C, Lao J, Miller M, Sero A, Viduya J, Ismaili MHA, McCluskie K, Schiffmann R, Silverman AP, Shen JS, Huisman GW. Optimizing human α-galactosidase for treatment of Fabry disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4748. [PMID: 36959353 PMCID: PMC10036536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (GLA) leading to the lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and other glycosphingolipids. Fabry patients experience significant damage to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels that can be fatal. Here we apply directed evolution to generate more stable GLA variants as potential next generation treatments for Fabry disease. GLAv05 and GLAv09 were identified after screening more than 12,000 GLA variants through 8 rounds of directed evolution. Both GLAv05 and GLAv09 exhibit increased stability at both lysosomal and blood pH, stability to serum, and elevated enzyme activity in treated Fabry fibroblasts (19-fold) and GLA-/- podocytes (10-fold). GLAv05 and GLAv09 show improved pharmacokinetics in mouse and non-human primates. In a Fabry mouse model, the optimized variants showed prolonged half-lives in serum and relevant tissues, and a decrease of accumulated Gb3 in heart and kidney. To explore the possibility of diminishing the immunogenic potential of rhGLA, amino acid residues in sequences predicted to bind MHC II were targeted in late rounds of GLAv09 directed evolution. An MHC II-associated peptide proteomics assay confirmed a reduction in displayed peptides for GLAv09. Collectively, our findings highlight the promise of using directed evolution to generate enzyme variants for more effective treatment of lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Skvorak
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Nick Agard
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Nikki Kruse
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Fornia BioSolutions Inc US, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yu Zhu
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Rachel C Botham
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Chinping Chng
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Charu Shukla
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Jessica Lao
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Octant, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Mathew Miller
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Antoinette Sero
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Judy Viduya
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Moulay Hicham Alaoui Ismaili
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Glycomine, San Mateo, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Kerryn McCluskie
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
- Glycomine, San Mateo, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Adam P Silverman
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Jin-Song Shen
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Gjalt W Huisman
- Codexis Inc.,, 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
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4
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Enzyme Replacement Therapy for FABRY Disease: Possible Strategies to Improve Its Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054548. [PMID: 36901983 PMCID: PMC10003632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy is the only therapeutic option for Fabry patients with completely absent AGAL activity. However, the treatment has side effects, is costly, and requires conspicuous amounts of recombinant human protein (rh-AGAL). Thus, its optimization would benefit patients and welfare/health services (i.e., society at large). In this brief report, we describe preliminary results paving the way for two possible approaches: i. the combination of enzyme replacement therapy with pharmacological chaperones; and ii. the identification of AGAL interactors as possible therapeutic targets on which to act. We first showed that galactose, a low-affinity pharmacological chaperone, can prolong AGAL half-life in patient-derived cells treated with rh-AGAL. Then, we analyzed the interactomes of intracellular AGAL on patient-derived AGAL-defective fibroblasts treated with the two rh-AGALs approved for therapeutic purposes and compared the obtained interactomes to the one associated with endogenously produced AGAL (data available as PXD039168 on ProteomeXchange). Common interactors were aggregated and screened for sensitivity to known drugs. Such an interactor-drug list represents a starting point to deeply screen approved drugs and identify those that can affect (positively or negatively) enzyme replacement therapy.
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5
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Li HY, Lee NC, Chiu YT, Chang YW, Lin CC, Chou CL, Chien YH, Hwu WL, Cheng WC. Harnessing polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines as a stabilizer of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) to enhance the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 78:117129. [PMID: 36542959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To discover small molecules as acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) stabilizers for potential benefits of the exogenous enzyme treatment toward Pompe disease cells, we started from the initial screening of the unique chemical space, consisting of sixteen stereoisomers of 2-aminomethyl polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines (ADMDPs) to find out two primary stabilizers 17 and 18. Further external or internal structural modifications of 17 and 18 were performed to increase structural diversity, followed by the protein thermal shift study to evaluate the GAA stabilizing ability. Fortunately, pyrrolidine 21, possessing an l-arabino-typed configuration pattern, was identified as a specific potent rh-GAA stabilizer, enabling the suppression of rh-GAA protein denaturation. In a cell-based Pompe model, co-administration of 21 with rh-GAA protein significantly improved enzymatic activity (up to 5-fold) compared to administration of enzyme alone. Potentially, pyrrolidine 21 enables the direct increase of ERT (enzyme replacement therapy) efficacy in cellulo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Yi Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Lin
- AnHorn Medicines Co., Ltd. National Biotechnology Research Park C522, 99, Lane 130, Academia Road, Section 1, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Chou
- AnHorn Medicines Co., Ltd. National Biotechnology Research Park C522, 99, Lane 130, Academia Road, Section 1, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300, Syuefu Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
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6
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Klaewkla M, Prousoontorn J, Charoenwongpaiboon T. A theoretical study on binding and stabilization of galactose and novel galactose analogues to the human α-galactosidase A variant causing Fabry disease. Biophys Chem 2023; 292:106915. [PMID: 36334502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal α-galactosyl moieties from globotriaosylceramide, and mutations in this enzyme lead to the lipid metabolism disorder "Fabry disease". Mutation in α-Gal A possibly causes the protein misfolding, which reduces catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme. A recent study demonstrated that the binding of galactose on the α-Gal A catalytic site significantly increases its stability. Herein, the effect of mutation on secondary structure, structural energy, and galactose affinity of α-Gal A (wild type and A143T variant) was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations based on MM/GBSA method. The results showed that A143T mutation caused the formation of unusual H-bonds that induced the change in secondary structure and binding affinities toward galactose. The amino acid residues involved in galactose binding were identified. The molecular binding mechanism obtained from this study could be helpful for optimizations and designs of new galactose analogs as pharmacological chaperones against Fabry disease.
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7
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Meek RW, Brockerman J, Fordwour OB, Zandberg WF, Davies GJ, Vocadlo DJ. The primary familial brain calcification-associated protein MYORG is an α-galactosidase with restricted substrate specificity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001764. [PMID: 36129849 PMCID: PMC9491548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterised by abnormal deposits of calcium phosphate within various regions of the brain that are associated with severe cognitive impairments, psychiatric conditions, and movement disorders. Recent studies in diverse populations have shown a link between mutations in myogenesis-regulating glycosidase (MYORG) and the development of this disease. MYORG is a member of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 31 (GH31) and, like the other mammalian GH31 enzyme α-glucosidase II, this enzyme is found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Though presumed to act as an α-glucosidase due to its localization and sequence relatedness to α-glucosidase II, MYORG has never been shown to exhibit catalytic activity. Here, we show that MYORG is an α-galactosidase and present the high-resolution crystal structure of MYORG in complex with substrate and inhibitor. Using these structures, we map detrimental mutations that are associated with MYORG-associated brain calcification and define how these mutations may drive disease progression through loss of enzymatic activity. Finally, we also detail the thermal stabilisation of MYORG afforded by a clinically approved small molecule ligand, opening the possibility of using pharmacological chaperones to enhance the activity of mutant forms of MYORG. MYORG is an enzyme genetically linked to primary familial brain calcification that has historically been presumed to act as an α-glucosidase. This study describes the crystal structure of dimeric MYORG and, surprisingly, reveals it to be an α-galactosidase with restricted specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Meek
- Department of Chemistry. University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Brockerman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Osei B. Fordwour
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wesley F. Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry. University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GJD); (DJV)
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (GJD); (DJV)
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8
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Mahalapbutr P, Klaewkla M, Charoenwongpaiboon T. Unraveling the effect of A143T, P205T and D244N mutations in α-galactosidase A on its catalytic activity and susceptibility to globotriaosylceramide and iminosugar 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin chaperone. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Quantifying lysosomal glycosidase activity within cells using bis-acetal substrates. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:332-341. [PMID: 35210619 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the function and regulation of enzymes within their physiologically relevant milieu requires quality tools that report on their cellular activities. Here we describe a strategy for glycoside hydrolases that overcomes several limitations in the field, enabling quantitative monitoring of their activities within live cells. We detail the design and synthesis of bright and modularly assembled bis-acetal-based (BAB) fluorescence-quenched substrates, illustrating this strategy for sensitive quantitation of disease-relevant human α-galactosidase and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activities. We show that these substrates can be used within live patient cells to precisely measure the engagement of target enzymes by inhibitors and the efficiency of pharmacological chaperones, and highlight the importance of quantifying activity within cells using chemical perturbogens of cellular trafficking and lysosomal homeostasis. These BAB substrates should prove widely useful for interrogating the regulation of glycosidases within cells as well as in facilitating the development of therapeutics and diagnostics for this important class of enzymes.
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The New Pharmacological Chaperones PBXs Increase α-Galactosidase A Activity in Fabry Disease Cellular Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121856. [PMID: 34944500 PMCID: PMC8699827 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked multisystemic disorder caused by the impairment of lysosomal α-Galactosidase A, which leads to the progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids and to defective lysosomal metabolism. Currently, Fabry disease is treated by enzyme replacement therapy or the orally administrated pharmacological chaperone Migalastat. Both therapeutic strategies present limitations, since enzyme replacement therapy has shown low half-life and bioavailability, while Migalastat is only approved for patients with specific mutations. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of PBX galactose analogues to stabilize α-Galactosidase A and therefore evaluate their potential use in Fabry patients with mutations that are not amenable to the treatment with Migalastat. We demonstrated that PBX compounds are safe and effective concerning stabilization of α-Galactosidase A in relevant cellular models of the disease, as assessed by enzymatic activity measurements, molecular modelling, and cell viability assays. This experimental evidence suggests that PBX compounds are promising candidates for the treatment of Fabry disease caused by mutations which affect the folding of α-Galactosidase A, even for GLA variants that are not amenable to the treatment with Migalastat.
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11
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Atalar MN, Aras A, Türkan F, Barlak N, Yildiko Ü, Karatas OF, Alma MH. The effects of Daucus carota extract against PC3, PNT1a prostate cells, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and α-glycosidase; an in vitro-in silico study. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13975. [PMID: 34676566 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Daucus carota L. ssp. major (DCM) plant is widely used in traditional medicine to treat some types of cancer and various diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the biological activities of this plant to define its effects against prostate cancer (PCa), Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidation, and diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as identified its phenolic composition. To determine the anti-cancer properties of the plant extract, we treated PCa cells with the extract at a concentration range of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/ml. Significant results were obtained against the PC3 cells compared to normal PNT1a prostate epithelial cells. As a result of precise measurements at the millimolar level, it was observed that the plant extract showed an effective inhibition (IC50 ) against glutathione S-transferase (GST; 12.84 mM), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE; 15.07 mM), and α-Gly (11.75 mM) enzymes when compared with standard inhibitors. Antioxidant activities of DCM methanol extract were determined via two well-known in vitro techniques. The extracts showed antioxidant activities against the DPPH and ABTS+ . The LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to determine the phenolic compounds of methanol extract from DCM. Chlorogenic acid (2,089.096 µg/g), shikimic acid (193.14 µg/g), and coumarin (113.604 µg/g) were characterized as major phenolic compounds. In addition, the interactions of chlorogenic acid, chrysin, coumarin, and shikimic acid with the used three enzymes have been calculated using molecular docking simulation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Plant natural phenolic compounds have protective effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogen, and enzyme inhibitory. Therefore, it has an important place in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The present study aims to reveal the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties of the Daucus carota ssp. Major (DCM) plant extract. Significant results were obtained against the PC3 cells compared to normal PNT1a prostate epithelial cells. DCM extract demonstrated considerable antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential on used metabolic enzymes. These biological effects are thought to have a relationship with rich chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nuri Atalar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Abdülmelik Aras
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Fikret Türkan
- Health Services Vocational School, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey
| | - Neslisah Barlak
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ümit Yildiko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hakkı Alma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
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12
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Ashmus RA, Wang Y, González-Cuesta M, King DT, Tiet B, Gilormini PA, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Britton R, Vocadlo DJ. Rational design of cell active C2-modified DGJ analogues for the inhibition of human α-galactosidase A (GALA). Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8057-8062. [PMID: 34494637 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the rational design and synthesis of C2-modified DGJ analogues to improve the selective inhibition of human GALA over other glycosidases. We prepare these analogues using a concise route from non-carbohydrate materials and demonstrate the most selective inhibitor 7c (∼100-fold) can act in Fabry patient cells to drive reductions in levels of the disease-relevant glycolipid Gb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Manuel González-Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Dustin T King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ben Tiet
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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13
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Serrano C, Teixeira CSS, Cooper DN, Carneiro J, Lopes-Marques M, Stenson PD, Amorim A, Prata MJ, Sousa SF, Azevedo L. Compensatory epistasis explored by molecular dynamics simulations. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1329-1342. [PMID: 34173867 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A non-negligible proportion of human pathogenic variants are known to be present as wild type in at least some non-human mammalian species. The standard explanation for this finding is that molecular mechanisms of compensatory epistasis can alleviate the mutations' otherwise pathogenic effects. Examples of compensated variants have been described in the literature but the interacting residue(s) postulated to play a compensatory role have rarely been ascertained. In this study, the examination of five human X-chromosomally encoded proteins (FIX, GLA, HPRT1, NDP and OTC) allowed us to identify several candidate compensated variants. Strong evidence for a compensated/compensatory pair of amino acids in the coagulation FIXa protein (involving residues 270 and 271) was found in a variety of mammalian species. Both amino acid residues are located within the 60-loop, spatially close to the 39-loop that performs a key role in coagulation serine proteases. To understand the nature of the underlying interactions, molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The predicted conformational change in the 39-loop consequent to the Glu270Lys substitution (associated with hemophilia B) appears to impair the protein's interaction with its substrate but, importantly, such steric hindrance is largely mitigated in those proteins that carry the compensatory residue (Pro271) at the neighboring amino acid position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Serrano
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Population Genetics and Evolution Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla S S Teixeira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - João Carneiro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Population Genetics and Evolution Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - António Amorim
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Population Genetics and Evolution Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Prata
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Population Genetics and Evolution Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F Sousa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Azevedo
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Population Genetics and Evolution Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Modrego A, Amaranto M, Godino A, Mendoza R, Barra JL, Corchero JL. Human α-Galactosidase A Mutants: Priceless Tools to Develop Novel Therapies for Fabry Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6518. [PMID: 34204583 PMCID: PMC8234732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene for the α-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme. The absence of the enzyme or its activity results in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in different tissues, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations. More than 1000 natural variants have been described in the GLA gene, most of them affecting proper protein folding and enzymatic activity. Currently, FD is treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) or pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT). However, as both approaches show specific drawbacks, new strategies (such as new forms of ERT, organ/cell transplant, substrate reduction therapy, or gene therapy) are under extensive study. In this review, we summarize GLA mutants described so far and discuss their putative application for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of FD. Unfavorable mutants with lower activities and stabilities than wild-type enzymes could serve as tools for the development of new pharmacological chaperones. On the other hand, GLA mutants showing improved enzymatic activity have been identified and produced in vitro. Such mutants could overcome several complications associated with current ERT, as lower-dose infusions of these mutants could achieve a therapeutic effect equivalent to that of the wild-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Modrego
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (R.M.)
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marilla Amaranto
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina; (M.A.); (A.G.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Agustina Godino
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina; (M.A.); (A.G.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Rosa Mendoza
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (R.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), c/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Barra
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina; (M.A.); (A.G.); (J.L.B.)
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (R.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), c/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Abed Rabbo M, Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases: from bench to bedside. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33941173 PMCID: PMC8094529 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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16
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Barbey F, Monney P, Dormond O. [Chaperone molecules: The example of Fabry disease]. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17S:S11-S22. [PMID: 33910691 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is due to mutations in the GLA gene that cause a deficiency of the activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-gal A) resulting in intra-tissue accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. Recently, a novel therapeutic approach based on the pharmacological chaperone migalastat has been developed. It binds, in a specific and reversible manner, to the catalytic site of α-gal A mutants, to prevent their degradation by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum and allow them to catabolize globotriaosylceramide in the lysosomes. This treatment concerns approximately 35% of the GLA gene mutations recognized as sensitive to migalastat according to an in vitro pharmacogenetic test. Two pivotal Phase III studies, FACETS: migalastat vs. placebo and ATTRACT: migalastat vs. enzyme replacement therapy analyzed the in vivo effects of migalastat. Despite some methodological limitations, promising results were found. Migalastat seems to be more effective than enzyme replacement therapy in reducing left ventricular mass index in case of cardiac hypertrophy and has comparable renal effects. This oral treatment is the first personalized treatment, based on the genetic profile of Fabry patients and opens a new era in the management of conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Barbey
- Service de médecine génétique, centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Suisse.
| | - Pierre Monney
- Département cœur-vaisseaux, centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Suisse.
| | - Olivier Dormond
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Suisse.
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17
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Dwyer B, Hu J, Madduri A, Lundberg D, Miller B, Gill J, Meiyappan M, Pan C, Miller T, Zhang B. Affinity purification of human alpha galactosidase utilizing a novel small molecule biomimetic of alpha-D-galactose. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 177:105752. [PMID: 32949707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha galactosidase (a-Gal) is an acidic hydrolase that plays a critical role in hydrolyzing the terminal alpha-galactoyl moiety from glycolipids and glycoproteins. There are over a hundred mutations reported for the GLA gene that encodes a-Gal that result in reduced protein synthesis, protein instability, and reduction in function. The deficiencies of a-Gal can cause Fabry disease, a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by the failure to catabolize alpha-d-galactoyl glycolipid moieties. The current standard of care for Fabry disease is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) where the purified recombinant form of human a-Gal is given to patients. The manufacture of a-Gal is currently performed utilizing traditional large-scale chromatography processes. Developing an affinity resin for the purification of a-Gal would reduce the complexity of the manufacturing process, reduce costs, and potentially produce a higher quality a-Gal. After the evaluation of many small molecules, a commercially available small molecule biomimetic, N-5-Carboxypentyl-1-deoxygalactonojirimycin (N5C-DGJ), was utilized for the development of a novel small molecule biomimetic affinity resin for a-Gal. Affinity purified a-Gal demonstrated a purity greater than 90%, exhibited expected thermal stability and specific activity. Complementing this affinity purification is the development of an elution buffer system that confers an increased thermal stability to a-Gal. The N5C-DGJ affinity resin tolerated sodium hydroxide sanitization with no loss of binding capacity, making it amenable to large scale purification processes and potential use in manufacturing. This novel method for purifying the challenging a-Gal enzyme can be extended to other enzyme replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dwyer
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Jun Hu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Miller
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - John Gill
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Clark Pan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Tom Miller
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bohong Zhang
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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18
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Liguori L, Monticelli M, Allocca M, Hay Mele B, Lukas J, Cubellis MV, Andreotti G. Pharmacological Chaperones: A Therapeutic Approach for Diseases Caused by Destabilizing Missense Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020489. [PMID: 31940970 PMCID: PMC7014102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “pharmacological chaperone” was introduced 20 years ago. Since then the approach with this type of drug has been proposed for several diseases, lysosomal storage disorders representing the most popular targets. The hallmark of a pharmacological chaperone is its ability to bind a protein specifically and stabilize it. This property can be beneficial for curing diseases that are associated with protein mutants that are intrinsically active but unstable. The total activity of the affected proteins in the cell is lower than normal because they are cleared by the quality control system. Although most pharmacological chaperones are reversible competitive inhibitors or antagonists of their target proteins, the inhibitory activity is neither required nor desirable. This issue is well documented by specific examples among which those concerning Fabry disease. Direct specific binding is not the only mechanism by which small molecules can rescue mutant proteins in the cell. These drugs and the properly defined pharmacological chaperones can work together with different and possibly synergistic modes of action to revert a disease phenotype caused by an unstable protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Liguori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.L.); (M.A.)
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare–CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Maria Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.L.); (M.A.)
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare–CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Jan Lukas
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany;
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Vittoria Cubellis
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare–CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679118; Fax: +39-081-679233
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Losada Díaz JC, Cepeda del Castillo J, Rodriguez-López EA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Advances in the Development of Pharmacological Chaperones for the Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010232. [PMID: 31905715 PMCID: PMC6981736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of 11 lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) produced by mutations in the enzymes involved in the lysosomal catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. Most of the mutations affecting these enzymes may lead to changes in processing, folding, glycosylation, pH stability, protein aggregation, and defective transport to the lysosomes. It this sense, it has been proposed that the use of small molecules, called pharmacological chaperones (PCs), can restore the folding, trafficking, and biological activity of mutated enzymes. PCs have the advantages of wide tissue distribution, potential oral administration, lower production cost, and fewer issues of immunogenicity than enzyme replacement therapy. In this paper, we will review the advances in the identification and characterization of PCs for the MPS. These molecules have been described for MPS II, IVA, and IVB, showing a mutation-dependent enhancement of the mutated enzymes. Although the results show the potential of this strategy, further studies should focus in the development of disease-specific cellular models that allow a proper screening and evaluation of PCs. In addition, in vivo evaluation, both pre-clinical and clinical, should be performed, before they can become a real therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Losada Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Jacobo Cepeda del Castillo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Edwin Alexander Rodriguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140); Fax: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099)
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20
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Li P, Zhang L, Xiong Q, Wang Z, Cui X, Zhou YA, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wu C. Functional evaluation of a novel GLA causative mutation in Fabry disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e864. [PMID: 31321922 PMCID: PMC6732343 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fabry disease (FD), a rare X‐linked α‐galactosidase A (GLA) deficiency, resulting in progressive lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in a variety of cell types. More and more disease‐causing mutations in GLA have been identified in FD due to the advancement of molecular diagnostic tools. We found a novel mutation in a Chinese family with predominant Fabry's disease nephropathy. Methods All coding regions and exon–intron splice junctions of the GLA gene were sequenced to find sequence variations. We evaluated the impact on the GLA protein by analysis of the GLA mRNA, by sequential analysis and homology modeling, and by site‐directed mutagenesis and in vitro expression studies. Results We identified a novel heterozygous missense mutation c.280T>C in our patient with variable phenotypic presentations of renal involvement. The novel GLA variant results in low expression of GLA mRNAs, impaired or loss of the disulfate bridge structure of wild‐type GLA, reduced GLA activity and defected nuclear shape in the GFP‐GLA‐MT transfected HEK293T cells. Conclusion A novel GLA missense mutation, c.280T>C (Cys94Arg), was found in a Chinese family with predominant renal manifestations of FD. Our study reveals the pathogenesis of c.280T>C mutation to FD and provides scientific foundation for accurate diagnosis and precise medical intervention for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiuhong Xiong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhou
- The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Bluttransfusion, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuxian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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21
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X-Ray Crystallography in Structure-Function Characterization of Therapeutic Enzymes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:81-103. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yagci ZB, Esvap E, Ozkara HA, Ulgen KO, Olmez EO. Inflammatory response and its relation to sphingolipid metabolism proteins: Chaperones as potential indirect anti-inflammatory agents. MOLECULAR CHAPERONES IN HUMAN DISORDERS 2019; 114:153-219. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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24
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Challenging popular tools for the annotation of genetic variations with a real case, pathogenic mutations of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:433. [PMID: 30497360 PMCID: PMC6266955 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severity gradation of missense mutations is a big challenge for exome annotation. Predictors of deleteriousness that are most frequently used to filter variants found by next generation sequencing, produce qualitative predictions, but also numerical scores. It has never been tested if these scores correlate with disease severity. Results wANNOVAR, a popular tool that can generate several different types of deleteriousness-prediction scores, was tested on Fabry disease. This pathology, which is caused by a deficit of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase, has a very large genotypic and phenotypic spectrum and offers the possibility of associating a quantitative measure of the damage caused by mutations to the functioning of the enzyme in the cells. Some predictors, and in particular VEST3 and PolyPhen2 provide scores that correlate with the severity of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase mutations in a statistically significant way. Conclusions Sorting disease mutations by severity is possible and offers advantages over binary classification. Dataset for testing and training in silico predictors can be obtained by transient transfection and evaluation of residual activity of mutants in cell extracts. This approach consents to quantitative data for severe, mild and non pathological variants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2416-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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25
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Ferri L, Malesci D, Fioravanti A, Bagordo G, Filippini A, Ficcadenti A, Manna R, Antuzzi D, Verrecchia E, Donati I, Mignani R, Cavicchi C, Guerrini R, Morrone A. Functional and pharmacological evaluation of novel GLA variants in Fabry disease identifies six (two de novo ) causative mutations and two amenable variants to the chaperone DGJ. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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López Rodríguez M. Treatment in Fabry disease. Rev Clin Esp 2018; 218:489-495. [PMID: 29661503 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn disease caused by deficit of alpha-galactosidaseA. This results in accumulation of glycosphingolipids in all cells and tissues. All males should receive enzyme replacement treatment in case of very low or undetectable levels of alpha-galactosidaseA. Female carriers and males with marginally levels of alpha-galactosidaseA should be treated in case of renal, neurologic o cardiac manifestations. There are two intravenous formulations of human recombinant enzyme, agalsidase alpha and agalsidase beta, showing similar efficacy and safety. Patients with amenable mutations of alpha-galactosidase can be treated with oral migalastat hydrochloride. Migalastat hydrochloride is a pharmacological chaperone that facilitates trafficking of alpha-galactosidaseA to lysosomes increasing enzyme activity. Patients treated with migalastat hydrochloride had significant improvements in left ventricular mass and gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López Rodríguez
- Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Minoritarias, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI).
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27
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Abstract
Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are small molecules that bind to nascent protein targets to facilitate their biogenesis. The ability of PCs to assist in the folding and subsequent forward trafficking of disease-causative protein misfolding mutants has opened new avenues for the treatment of conformational diseases such as cystic fibrosis and lysosomal storage disorders. In this chapter, an overview of the use of PCs for the treatment of conformational disorders is provided. Beyond the therapeutic application of PCs for the treatment of these disorders, pharmacological chaperoning of wild-type integral membrane proteins is discussed. Central to this discussion is the notion that the endoplasmic reticulum is a reservoir of viable but inefficiently processed wild-type protein folding intermediates whose biogenesis can be facilitated by PCs to increase functional pools. To date, the potential therapeutic use of PCs to enhance the biogenesis of wild-type proteins has received little attention. Here the rationale for the development of PCs that target WT proteins is discussed. Also considered is the likelihood that some commonly used therapeutic agents may exert unrecognized pharmacological chaperoning activity on wild-type targets in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Leidenheimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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28
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Spratley SJ, Deane JE. New therapeutic approaches for Krabbe disease: The potential of pharmacological chaperones. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1203-19. [PMID: 27638604 PMCID: PMC5031207 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the lysosomal hydrolase β‐galactocerebrosidase (GALC) account for at least 40% of known cases of Krabbe disease (KD). Most of these missense mutations are predicted to disrupt the fold of the enzyme, preventing GALC in sufficient amounts from reaching its site of action in the lysosome. The predominant central nervous system (CNS) pathology and the absence of accumulated primary substrate within the lysosome mean that strategies used to treat other lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are insufficient in KD, highlighting the still unmet clinical requirement for successful KD therapeutics. Pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT) is one strategy being explored to overcome defects in GALC caused by missense mutations. In recent studies, several small‐molecule inhibitors have been identified as promising chaperone candidates for GALC. This Review discusses new insights gained from these studies and highlights the importance of characterizing both the chaperone interaction and the underlying mutation to define properly a responsive population and to improve the translation of existing lead molecules into successful KD therapeutics. We also highlight the importance of using multiple complementary methods to monitor PCT effectiveness. Finally, we explore the exciting potential of using combination therapy to ameliorate disease through the use of PCT with existing therapies or with more generalized therapeutics, such as proteasomal inhibition, that have been shown to have synergistic effects in other LSDs. This, alongside advances in CNS delivery of recombinant enzyme and targeted rational drug design, provides a promising outlook for the development of KD therapeutics. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Spratley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Burslem
- Departments of Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Departments of Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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30
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Ligand-promoted protein folding by biased kinetic partitioning. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:369-371. [PMID: 28218913 PMCID: PMC5362304 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding in cells occurs in the presence of high concentrations of endogenous binding partners, and exogenous binding partners have been exploited as pharmacological chaperones. A combined mathematical modeling and experimental approach shows that a ligand improves the folding of a destabilized protein by biasing the kinetic partitioning between folding and alternative fates (aggregation or degradation). Computationally predicted inhibition of test protein aggregation and degradation as a function of ligand concentration are validated by experiments in two disparate cellular systems.
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31
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Parker CG, Galmozzi A, Wang Y, Correia BE, Sasaki K, Joslyn CM, Kim AS, Cavallaro CL, Lawrence RM, Johnson SR, Narvaiza I, Saez E, Cravatt BF. Ligand and Target Discovery by Fragment-Based Screening in Human Cells. Cell 2017; 168:527-541.e29. [PMID: 28111073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and screening of small-molecule libraries have accelerated the discovery of chemical probes for studying biological processes. Still, only a small fraction of the human proteome has chemical ligands. Here, we describe a platform that marries fragment-based ligand discovery with quantitative chemical proteomics to map thousands of reversible small molecule-protein interactions directly in human cells, many of which can be site-specifically determined. We show that fragment hits can be advanced to furnish selective ligands that affect the activity of proteins heretofore lacking chemical probes. We further combine fragment-based chemical proteomics with phenotypic screening to identify small molecules that promote adipocyte differentiation by engaging the poorly characterized membrane protein PGRMC2. Fragment-based screening in human cells thus provides an extensive proteome-wide map of protein ligandability and facilitates the coordinated discovery of bioactive small molecules and their molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Parker
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bruno E Correia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Sasaki
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher M Joslyn
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Arthur S Kim
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cullen L Cavallaro
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA
| | - R Michael Lawrence
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Stephen R Johnson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Iñigo Narvaiza
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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32
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, García Fernández JM, Mellet CO. Glycomimetic-based pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal storage disorders: lessons from Gaucher, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5497-515. [PMID: 27043200 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are often caused by mutations that destabilize native folding and impair the trafficking of enzymes, leading to premature endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, deficiencies of specific hydrolytic functions and aberrant storage of metabolites in the lysosomes. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT) are available for a few of these conditions, but most remain orphan. A main difficulty is that virtually all LSDs involve neurological decline and neither proteins nor the current SRT drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier. Twenty years ago a new therapeutic paradigm better suited for neuropathic LSDs was launched, namely pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy. PCs are small molecules capable of binding to the mutant protein at the ER, inducing proper folding, restoring trafficking and increasing enzyme activity and substrate processing in the lysosome. In many LSDs the mutated protein is a glycosidase and the accumulated substrate is an oligo- or polysaccharide or a glycoconjugate, e.g. a glycosphingolipid. Although it might appear counterintuitive, substrate analogues (glycomimetics) behaving as competitive glycosidase inhibitors are good candidates to perform PC tasks. The advancements in the knowledge of the molecular basis of LSDs, including enzyme structures, binding modes, trafficking pathways and substrate processing mechanisms, have been put forward to optimize PC selectivity and efficacy. Moreover, the chemical versatility of glycomimetics and the variety of structures at hand allow simultaneous optimization of chaperone and pharmacokinetic properties. In this Feature Article we review the advancements made in this field in the last few years and the future outlook through the lessons taught by three archetypical LSDs: Gaucher disease, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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33
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Citro V, Peña-García J, den-Haan H, Pérez-Sánchez H, Del Prete R, Liguori L, Cimmaruta C, Lukas J, Cubellis MV, Andreotti G. Identification of an Allosteric Binding Site on Human Lysosomal Alpha-Galactosidase Opens the Way to New Pharmacological Chaperones for Fabry Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165463. [PMID: 27788225 PMCID: PMC5082870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized therapies are required for Fabry disease due to its large phenotypic spectrum and numerous different genotypes. In principle, missense mutations that do not affect the active site could be rescued with pharmacological chaperones. At present pharmacological chaperones for Fabry disease bind the active site and couple a stabilizing effect, which is required, to an inhibitory effect, which is deleterious. By in silico docking we identified an allosteric hot-spot for ligand binding where a drug-like compound, 2,6-dithiopurine, binds preferentially. 2,6-dithiopurine stabilizes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase in vitro and rescues a mutant that is not responsive to a mono-therapy with previously described pharmacological chaperones, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin and galactose in a cell based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Citro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, 80126, Italy
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - Helena den-Haan
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
- * E-mail: (MVC); (HPS)
| | - Rosita Del Prete
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, 80126, Italy
| | - Ludovica Liguori
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, 80126, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare–CNR, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Chiara Cimmaruta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, 80126, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare–CNR, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Jan Lukas
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Medical University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Vittoria Cubellis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, 80126, Italy
- * E-mail: (MVC); (HPS)
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34
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Carbohydrate-Processing Enzymes of the Lysosome: Diseases Caused by Misfolded Mutants and Sugar Mimetics as Correcting Pharmacological Chaperones. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:225-302. [PMID: 27816107 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are hereditary disorders caused by mutations on genes encoding for one of the more than fifty lysosomal enzymes involved in the highly ordered degradation cascades of glycans, glycoconjugates, and other complex biomolecules in the lysosome. Several of these metabolic disorders are associated with the absence or the lack of activity of carbohydrate-processing enzymes in this cell compartment. In a recently introduced therapy concept, for susceptible mutants, small substrate-related molecules (so-called pharmacological chaperones), such as reversible inhibitors of these enzymes, may serve as templates for the correct folding and transport of the respective protein mutant, thus improving its concentration and, consequently, its enzymatic activity in the lysosome. Carbohydrate-processing enzymes in the lysosome, related lysosomal diseases, and the scope and limitations of reported reversible inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones are discussed with a view to possibly extending and improving research efforts in this area of orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Ortolano
- Group of Neonatal Pathology, Pediatrics and Rare Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
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36
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Yue WW. From structural biology to designing therapy for inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:489-98. [PMID: 27240455 PMCID: PMC4920855 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At the SSIEM Symposium in Istanbul 2010, I presented an overview of protein structural approaches in the study of inborn errors of metabolism (Yue and Oppermann 2011). Five years on, the field is going strong with new protein structures, uncovered catalytic functions and novel chemical matters for metabolic enzymes, setting the stage for the next generation of drug discovery. This article aims to update on recent advances and lessons learnt on inborn errors of metabolism via the protein-centric approach, citing examples of work from my group, collaborators and co-workers that cover diverse pathways of transsulfuration, cobalamin and glycogen metabolism. Taking into consideration that many inborn errors of metabolism result in the loss of enzyme function, this presentation aims to outline three key principles that guide the design of small molecule therapy in this technically challenging field: (1) integrating structural, biochemical and cell-based data to evaluate the wide spectrum of mutation-driven enzyme defects in stability, catalysis and protein-protein interaction; (2) studying multi-domain proteins and multi-protein complexes as examples from nature, to learn how enzymes are activated by small molecules; (3) surveying different regions of the enzyme, away from its active site, that can be targeted for the design of allosteric activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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37
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Convertino M, Das J, Dokholyan NV. Pharmacological Chaperones: Design and Development of New Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Conformational Diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1471-89. [PMID: 27097127 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Errors in protein folding may result in premature clearance of structurally aberrant proteins, or in the accumulation of toxic misfolded species or protein aggregates. These pathological events lead to a large range of conditions known as conformational diseases. Several research groups have presented possible therapeutic solutions for their treatment by developing novel compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones. These cell-permeable molecules selectively provide a molecular scaffold around which misfolded proteins can recover their native folding and, thus, their biological activities. Here, we review therapeutic strategies, clinical potentials, and cost-benefit impacts of several classes of pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of a series of conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Convertino
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jhuma Das
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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38
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Moise A, Maeser S, Rawer S, Eggers F, Murphy M, Bornheim J, Przybylski M. Substrate and Substrate-Mimetic Chaperone Binding Sites in Human α-Galactosidase A Revealed by Affinity-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1071-1078. [PMID: 27112153 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare metabolic disorder of a group of lysosomal storage diseases, caused by deficiency or reduced activity of the enzyme α-galactosidase. Human α-galactosidase A (hαGAL) hydrolyses the terminal α-galactosyl moiety from glycosphingolipids, predominantly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Enzyme deficiency leads to incomplete or blocked breakdown and progressive accumulation of Gb3, with detrimental effects on normal organ functions. FD is successfully treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with purified recombinant hαGAL. An emerging treatment strategy, pharmacologic chaperone therapy (PCT), employs small molecules that can increase and/or reconstitute the activity of lysosomal enzyme trafficking by stabilizing misfolded isoforms. One such chaperone, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin (DGJ), is a structural galactose analogue currently validated in clinical trials. DGJ is an active-site-chaperone that binds at the same or similar location as galactose; however, the molecular determination of chaperone binding sites in lysosomal enzymes represents a considerable challenge. Here we report the identification of the galactose and DGJ binding sites in recombinant α-galactosidase through a new affinity-mass spectrometry-based approach that employs selective proteolytic digestion of the enzyme-galactose or -inhibitor complex. Binding site peptides identified by mass spectrometry, [39-49], [83-100], and [141-168], contain the essential ligand-contacting amino acids, in agreement with the known X-ray crystal structures. The inhibitory effect of DGJ on galactose recognition was directly characterized through competitive binding experiments and mass spectrometry. The methods successfully employed in this study should have high potential for the characterization of (mutated) enzyme-substrate and -chaperone interactions, and for identifying chaperones without inhibitory effects. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moise
- Steinbeis Center for Biopolymer Analysis and Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 65428, Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Maeser
- Steinbeis Center for Biopolymer Analysis and Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 65428, Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Rawer
- ThermoFisher Scientific, Franfurter Strasse 129, 64269, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frederike Eggers
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mary Murphy
- Ametek-Reichert Technologies, 3362 Walden Avenue, 14043, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Bornheim
- Ametek-Reichert Technologies, 3362 Walden Avenue, 14043, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael Przybylski
- Steinbeis Center for Biopolymer Analysis and Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 65428, Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany.
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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39
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Abstract
Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the inappropriate accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in tissues due to a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). Anderson-Fabry cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural, valvular, vascular and conduction abnormalities, and is now the most common cause of mortality in patients with AFD. Large-scale metabolic and genetic screening studies have revealed AFD to be prevalent in populations of diverse ethnic origins, and the variant form of AFD represents an unrecognized health burden. Anderson-Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder, and genetic testing is critical for the diagnosis of AFD in women. Echocardiography with strain imaging and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using late enhancement and T1 mapping are important imaging tools. The current therapy for AFD is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which can reverse or prevent AFD progression, while gene therapy and the use of molecular chaperones represent promising novel therapies for AFD. Anderson-Fabry cardiomyopathy is an important and potentially reversible cause of heart failure that involves LVH, increased susceptibility to arrhythmias and valvular regurgitation. Genetic testing and cardiac MRI are important diagnostic tools, and AFD cardiomyopathy is treatable if ERT is introduced early.
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40
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Lukas J, Scalia S, Eichler S, Pockrandt AM, Dehn N, Cozma C, Giese AK, Rolfs A. Functional and Clinical Consequences of Novel α-Galactosidase A Mutations in Fabry Disease. Hum Mutat 2015; 37:43-51. [PMID: 26415523 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare metabolic disorder of glycosphingolipid storage caused by mutations in the GLA gene encoding lysosomal hydrolase α-galactosidase A (α-gal A). Recently, the diagnostic procedure for FD has advanced in several ways, through the development of a specific biomarker (lyso-Gb3) and the implementation of newborn screenings, which acted as a catalyst to augment general awareness of the disease. Heterologous over-expression of α-gal A variants and subsequent in vitro measurement of enzyme activity provided molecular data to elucidate the relationship between mutation, enzyme damage, lyso-Gb3 biomarker levels, and clinical phenotype. This knowledge is the foundation for improved counseling with regard to prognosis and therapeutic decisions. Herein, we resume the approach of in vitro characterization, with a further 73 mainly novel GLA gene mutations. Patient lyso-Gb3 data were available for most of the mutations. All mutations were tested for responsiveness to pharmacological chaperone treatment and phenotypic data for 61 hemizygous male and 116 heterozygous female patients carrying a mutation associated with ≥ 20% residual activity, formerly classified as "mild" variant, were collected in order to evaluate the pathogenicity. We conclude that a mild GLA variant is typically characterized by high residual enzyme activity and normal biomarker levels. We found evidence that these variants can still be classified as a distinctive, but milder, sub-type of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lukas
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Medical University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Scalia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Anne-Marie Pockrandt
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Medical University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Dehn
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Medical University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Anne-Katrin Giese
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Medical University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Medical University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Centogene AG, Rostock, Germany
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41
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Parenti G, Andria G, Valenzano KJ. Pharmacological Chaperone Therapy: Preclinical Development, Clinical Translation, and Prospects for the Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1138-1148. [PMID: 25881001 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of inborn metabolic diseases caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in different lysosomal functions, in most instances acidic hydrolases. Different therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat these disorders. Pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT) is an emerging approach based on small-molecule ligands that selectively bind and stabilize mutant enzymes, increase their cellular levels, and improve lysosomal trafficking and activity. Compared to other approaches, PCT shows advantages, particularly in terms of oral administration, broad biodistribution, and positive impact on patients' quality of life. After preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, PCT is now being translated in the first clinical trials, either as monotherapy or in combination with enzyme replacement therapy, for some of the most prevalent LSDs. For some LSDs, the results of the first clinical trials are encouraging and warrant further development. Future research in the field of PCT will be directed toward the identification of novel chaperones, including new allosteric drugs, and the exploitation of synergies between chaperone treatment and other therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Generoso Andria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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42
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Andreotti G, Monticelli M, Cubellis MV. Looking for protein stabilizing drugs with thermal shift assay. Drug Test Anal 2015; 7:831-4. [PMID: 25845367 PMCID: PMC6681132 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermal shift assay can be used for the high-throughput screening of pharmacological chaperones. These drugs are small molecules that bind a mutant protein and stabilize it. We demonstrated the robustness, reproducibility and versatility of the method using two molecules that are in clinical trial for Fabry or Pompe disease, Deoxygalactonojirimycin and N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin, and their target enzymes, lysosomal alpha-galactosidaseA and alpha-glucosidase, as test cases. We assessed the influence of solvents and of scanning rate on the measures. We showed that a value that is equivalent to the melting temperature can be obtained by the first derivatives of raw data. We discuss the advantages of the method and the precaution to be taken in running the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Monticelli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare -CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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43
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Abstract
Many mutations responsible of Fabry disease destabilize lysosomal alpha-galactosidase, but retain the enzymatic activity. These mutations are associated to a milder phenotype and are potentially curable with a pharmacological therapy either with chaperones or with drugs that modulate proteostasis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of molecular dynamics simulations to correlate the genotype to the severity of the disease. We studied the relation between protein flexibility and residual enzymatic activity of pathological missense mutants in the cell. We found that mutations occurring at flexible sites are likely to retain activity in vivo. The usefulness of molecular dynamics for diagnostic purposes is not limited to lysosomal galactosidase because destabilizing mutations are widely encountered in other proteins, too, and represent a large share of all the ones associated to human diseases. Residual alpha-galactosidase activity may relate to mild phenotype in Fabry disease. Molecular dynamics identifies flexible residues in lysosomal alpha-galactosidase. Mutations at flexible sites tend to maintain residual alpha-galactosidase activity.
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44
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Abstract
Pharmacological chaperone therapy is an emerging approach to treat lysosomal storage diseases. Small-molecule chaperones interact with mutant enzymes, favor their correct conformation and enhance their stability. This approach shows significant advantages when compared with existing therapies, particularly in terms of the bioavailability of drugs, oral administration and positive impact on the quality of patients' lives. On the other hand, future research in this field must confront important challenges. The identification of novel chaperones is indispensable to expanding the number of patients amenable to this treatment and to optimize therapeutic efficacy. It is important to develop new allosteric drugs, to address the risk of inhibiting target enzymes. Future research must also be directed towards the exploitation of synergies between chaperone treatment and other therapeutic approaches.
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45
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Meghdari M, Gao N, Abdullahi A, Stokes E, Calhoun DH. Carboxyl-terminal truncations alter the activity of the human α-galactosidase A. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118341. [PMID: 25719393 PMCID: PMC4342250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn error of glycolipid metabolism caused by deficiency of the human lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A (αGal), leading to strokes, myocardial infarctions, and terminal renal failure, often leading to death in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of terminal α-galactoside linkages in various glycolipids. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been approved for the treatment of Fabry disease, but adverse reactions, including immune reactions, make it desirable to generate improved methods for ERT. One approach to circumvent these adverse reactions is the development of derivatives of the enzyme with more activity per mg. It was previously reported that carboxyl-terminal deletions of 2 to 10 amino acids led to increased activity of about 2 to 6-fold. However, this data was qualitative or semi-quantitative and relied on comparison of the amounts of mRNA present in Northern blots with αGal enzyme activity using a transient expression system in COS-1 cells. Here we follow up on this report by constructing and purifying mutant enzymes with deletions of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 C-terminal amino acids (Δ2, Δ4, Δ6, Δ8, Δ10) for unambiguous quantitative enzyme assays. The results reported here show that the kcat/Km approximately doubles with deletions of 2, 4, 6 and 10 amino acids (0.8 to 1.7-fold effect) while a deletion of 8 amino acids decreases the kcat/Km (7.2-fold effect). These results indicate that the mutated enzymes with increased activity constructed here would be expected to have a greater therapeutic effect on a per mg basis, and could therefore reduce the likelihood of adverse infusion related reactions in Fabry patients receiving ERT treatment. These results also illustrate the principle that in vitro mutagenesis can be used to generate αGal derivatives with improved enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Meghdari
- Chemistry Dept., City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Gao
- Chemistry Dept., City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abass Abdullahi
- Biology & Medical Lab Technology, Bronx Community College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Erin Stokes
- Chemistry Dept., City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - David H. Calhoun
- Chemistry Dept., City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- * E-mail:
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46
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Yu Y, Mena-Barragán T, Higaki K, Johnson JL, Drury JE, Lieberman RL, Nakasone N, Ninomiya H, Tsukimura T, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y, Nanba E, Mellet CO, García Fernández JM, Ohno K. Molecular basis of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin arylthiourea binding to human α-galactosidase a: pharmacological chaperoning efficacy on Fabry disease mutants. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1460-9. [PMID: 24783948 DOI: 10.1021/cb500143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene often leading to missense α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) variants that undergo premature endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation due to folding defects. We have synthesized and characterized a new family of neutral amphiphilic pharmacological chaperones, namely 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin-arylthioureas (DGJ-ArTs), capable of stabilizing α-Gal A and restoring trafficking. Binding to the enzyme is reinforced by a strong hydrogen bond involving the aryl-N'H thiourea proton and the catalytic aspartic acid acid D231 of α-Gal A, as confirmed by a 2.55 Å resolution cocrystal structure. Selected candidates enhanced α-Gal A activity and ameliorate globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation and autophagy impairments in FD cell cultures. Moreover, they acted synergistically with the proteostasis regulator 4-phenylbutyric acid, appearing to be promising leads as pharmacological chaperones for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Division
of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
- Division
of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Teresa Mena-Barragán
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division
of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Jennifer L. Johnson
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0400, Georgia United States
| | - Jason E. Drury
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0400, Georgia United States
| | - Raquel L. Lieberman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0400, Georgia United States
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department
of Biomedical Regulation, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department
of Biomedical Regulation, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsukimura
- Department
of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department
of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan
| | - Eiji Nanba
- Division
of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | | | - Kousaku Ohno
- Division
of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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47
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Suzuki H, Ohto U, Higaki K, Mena-Barragán T, Aguilar-Moncayo M, Ortiz Mellet C, Nanba E, Garcia Fernandez JM, Suzuki Y, Shimizu T. Structural basis of pharmacological chaperoning for human β-galactosidase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14560-8. [PMID: 24737316 PMCID: PMC4031513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.529529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio B disease are autosomal recessive diseases caused by the defect in the lysosomal β-galactosidase (β-Gal), frequently related to misfolding and subsequent endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy is a newly developed molecular therapeutic approach by using small molecule ligands of the mutant enzyme that are able to promote the correct folding and prevent endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and promote trafficking to the lysosome. In this report, we describe the enzymological properties of purified recombinant human β-Gal(WT) and two representative mutations in GM1 gangliosidosis Japanese patients, β-Gal(R201C) and β-Gal(I51T). We have also evaluated the PC effect of two competitive inhibitors of β-Gal. Moreover, we provide a detailed atomic view of the recognition mechanism of these compounds in comparison with two structurally related analogues. All compounds bind to the active site of β-Gal with the sugar-mimicking moiety making hydrogen bonds to active site residues. Moreover, the binding affinity, the enzyme selectivity, and the PC potential are strongly affected by the mono- or bicyclic structure of the core as well as the orientation, nature, and length of the exocyclic substituent. These results provide understanding on the mechanism of action of β-Gal selective chaperoning by newly developed PC compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Suzuki
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- the Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Teresa Mena-Barragán
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Matilde Aguilar-Moncayo
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Eiji Nanba
- the Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Jose M Garcia Fernandez
- the Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), CSIC, University of Sevilla, Americo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- the International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Kita Kanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan, and
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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48
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Using pharmacological chaperones to restore proteostasis. Pharmacol Res 2014; 83:3-9. [PMID: 24747662 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Normal organismal physiology depends on the maintenance of proteostasis in each cellular compartment to achieve a delicate balance between protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation while minimizing misfolding and aggregation. Defective proteostasis leads to numerous protein misfolding diseases. Pharmacological chaperones are cell-permeant small molecules that promote the proper folding and trafficking of a protein via direct binding to that protein. They stabilize their target protein in a protein-pharmacological chaperone state, increasing the natively folded protein population that can effectively engage trafficking machinery for transport to the final destination for function. Here, as regards the application of pharmacological chaperones, we focus on their capability to promote the folding and trafficking of lysosomal enzymes, G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and ion channels, each of which is presently an important drug target. Pharmacological chaperones hold great promise as potential therapeutics to ameliorate a variety of protein misfolding diseases.
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49
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that misfolding of a mutant protein followed by its aggregation or premature degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum is one of the main mechanisms that underlie inherited neurodegenerative diseases, including lysosomal storage diseases. Chemical or pharmacological chaperones are small molecules that bind to and stabilize mutant lysosomal enzyme proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. A number of chaperone compounds for lysosomal hydrolases have been identified in the last decade. They have gained attention because they can be orally administrated, and also because they can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In this article, we describe two chaperone candidates for the treatment of GM1-gangliosidosis. We also discuss the future direction of this strategy targeting other lysosomal storage diseases as well as protein misfolding diseases in general.
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50
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Shayman JA, Larsen SD. The development and use of small molecule inhibitors of glycosphingolipid metabolism for lysosomal storage diseases. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1215-25. [PMID: 24534703 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r047167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid (GSL) storage diseases have been the focus of efforts to develop small molecule therapeutics from design, experimental proof of concept studies, and clinical trials. Two primary alternative strategies that have been pursued include pharmacological chaperones and GSL synthase inhibitors. There are theoretical advantages and disadvantages to each of these approaches. Pharmacological chaperones are specific for an individual glycoside hydrolase and for the specific mutation present, but no candidate chaperone has been demonstrated to be effective for all mutations leading to a given disorder. Synthase inhibitors target single enzymes such as glucosylceramide synthase and inhibit the formation of multiple GSLs. A glycolipid synthase inhibitor could potentially be used to treat multiple diseases, but at the risk of lowering nontargeted cellular GSLs that are important for normal health. The basis for these strategies and specific examples of compounds that have led to clinical trials is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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