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Ren H, Gong X, Zhou L, Wang P, Cao Y. Recent progresses in analytical method development for 210Pb in environmental and biological samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31664-31678. [PMID: 38649600 PMCID: PMC11133052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
As a decay product of uranium series, 210Pb spreads widely in the nature and imposes strong radiological and chemical toxicity. It is vital to establish reliable and efficient radioanalytical methods for 210Pb determination to support environment and food radioactivity monitoring programs. This article critically reviews analytical methods developed for determining 210Pb in environmental and biological samples, especially new development in recent years. Techniques applied throughout different analytical steps including sample pretreatment, separation, purification, and detection are summarized and their pros and cons are discussed to provide a holistic overview for 210Pb environmental and biological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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2
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Johansen MP, Carpenter JG, Charmasson S, Gwynn JP, Mc Ginnity P, Mori A, Orr B, Simon-Cornu M, Osvath I. Seafood dose parameters: Updating 210Po retention factors for cooking, decay loss and mariculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 268-269:107243. [PMID: 37515860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
210Po has been identified as one of the main contributors to ingestion doses to humans, particularly from the consumption of seafood. The amount of 210Po activity concentration data for various types of seafood has increased greatly in recent times. However, to provide realistic seafood dose assessments, most 210Po data requires correction to account for losses that can occur before the seafood is actually consumed. Here we develop generic correction factors for the main processes associated with reduction of 210Po in seafood - leaching during cooking, radioactive decay between harvest and consumption, and sourcing from mariculture versus wild-caught. When seafood is cooked, the overall mean fraction of 210Po retained is 0.74 for all cooking and seafood types, with the means for various seafood types and cooking categories ranging from 0.56 to 1.03. When considering radioactive decay during the period between harvest and consumption, the overall mean fraction remaining is 0.81 across all seafood preservation/packaging types, with estimates ranging from 0.50 (canned seafood) to 0.98 (fresh seafood). Regarding mariculture influence, the available limited data suggest marine fish and crustaceans raised with processed feed have about one order of magnitude lower (×0.10) 210Po muscle content than wild-caught seafood of the same or similar species, although this ratio varies. Overall, this study concludes that 210Po activity concentrations in seafood at the time of ingestion may be reduced to only about 55% compared to when it was harvested. Therefore, correction factors must be applied to any data derived from environmental monitoring in order to achieve realistic dose estimates. The data also suggest lower 210Po ingestion doses for consumers who routinely favour cooked, long shelf-life and farmed fish/crustaceans. However, more data is needed in some categories, especially for cooking of molluscs and seaweed, and for the 210Po content in all farmed seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, 2232 NSW, Australia.
| | - Julia G Carpenter
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, VIC, 3085, Australia.
| | - Sabine Charmasson
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Santé Environnement, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Justin P Gwynn
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, The Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Paul Mc Ginnity
- IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco.
| | - Airi Mori
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Blake Orr
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, VIC, 3085, Australia.
| | - Marie Simon-Cornu
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Santé Environnement, PSE-ENV/SEREN, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Iolanda Osvath
- IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco.
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Tan K, Cai X, Tan K, Kwan KY. A review of natural and anthropogenic radionuclide pollution in marine bivalves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165030. [PMID: 37356775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide contamination in food is a public health issue. Bivalves are known to accumulate relatively high levels of radionuclides. Despite many relevant reports, this information is poorly organized. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comprehensive scientific review of radionuclides in marine bivalves. In general, the accumulation of radionuclides in bivalves is highly species and tissue-specific, which may be due to the different biological half-life of radionuclides in different species and tissues. The trophic pathway is the main pathway for the accumulation of most radionuclides in bivalves, with polonium-210 (210Po) and lead-210 (210Pb) potentially selectively accumulating in the digestive glands, while 134Cs and 137Cs selectively accumulating in the adductor muscle and mantle. Some other radionuclides (radium-226 (226Ra) and strontium-90 (90Sr)) are absorbed along with other minerals (e.g. Calcium) and selectively accumulate in bivalve shells. The information in this study can provide an overview of radionuclide contamination in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kit Yue Kwan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.
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Duong VH, Chu TT, Nguyen TN. Factors Contributing to Accumulation of 210Po in Freshwater Fishes in Dong Thai Lake, Vietnam and Radiological Hazard Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:314-323. [PMID: 37733035 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
210Po (polonium), one of the most toxic naturally occurring radionuclides, is well-known as a common natural radionuclide in fish species. Human consumption of 210Po-contaminated fish could result in a significant internal dose. This study determined by alpha spectrometry the 210Po activity in sixteen selected fish species with different living behaviors (pelagic, demersal), trophic positions (herbivores, carnivores, omnivorous), and masses in Dong Thai Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam. The min, max, and average of the 210Po concentration of sixteen fish species were 0.80 ± 0.44, 12.7 ± 0.20, and 3.54 ± 0.31 Bq kg-1, respectively. Regarding the different living behaviors, trophic positions, and masses, the results showed trending of 210Popelagic > 210Podemersal; 210Poherbivores < 210Pocarnivores < 210Poomnivorous and 210Po<0.2 kg > 210Po0.2-1 kg > 210Po>1 kg, respectively. The 210Po concentrations in muscle tissue were greater in fish species with a small mass, omnivorous trophic position, and pelagic living behavior relative to demersal fish with a larger mass that were herbivores or carnivores. In addition, the results showed an uneven distribution of 210Po activities in atmospheric aerosols, terrestrial soils, surface waters, and lake sediments in the study area. The primary source of 210Po could be supplied from atmospheric aerosols and/or terrestrial soils in the study area. The 210Po annual effective dose for adults due to fish consumption has been calculated with a range from 20 to 400 µSv y-1 and 111 µSv. y-1 on average, and it is far below the allowable limits of 1000 µSv y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hao Duong
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung-Tien Chu
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Nam Nguyen
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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5
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Sezer N, Nural E, Kesiktaş M, Yemişken E, Gönülal O, Eryılmaz L, Carvalho FP, Blivermiş M, Kılıç Ö. Po-210 activity concentrations in wild and farmed fish from the Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara and dose assessment to consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94839-94849. [PMID: 37540411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Polonium (210Po) is the major contributor (with approximately 90%) to the radiation dose from radionuclides contained in the human diet, and it is mostly associated with seafood. This study presents 210Po activity concentrations in the tissues of 16 fish species from the Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara. Among all species investigated, the highest 210Po activity concentration was 4450 ± 33 Bq kg-1 dry weight (dw) in the digestive tract of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), and the lowest 210Po activity concentration was 1.3 ± 0.6 Bq kg-1 (dw) in the muscle tissue of the thornback ray (Raja clavata). Significant differences in 210Po concentrations were consistently found among the tissues of fish (P < 0.05). In general, the prominent accumulation of 210Po was observed in the digestive tract and liver while the muscle tissue generally displayed the lower concentrations. Polonium concentrations in the internal organs, such as muscle and liver, were related to the feeding ecology of fish and thus are a consequence of 210Po transfer in the food chain rather than 210Po uptake from water. The average 210Po concentration in fish filet was 54.1 Bq kg-1 dw and to attain the recommended limit for the annual committed effective dose (1 mSv year-1) would require the consumption of 1024 kg of mixed fish filet in 1 year, which is unlikely to happen. The highest 210Po activity concentration in the edible part of fish (filet) was determined in the anchovy (E. encrasicolus) but to reach the 1 mSv year-1 limit would require still the consumption of 7.1 kg year-1 of anchovy filet. Similar size specimens of wild and farmed fish, Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata, were analyzed to assess the differences in 210Po concentrations. Polonium concentrations in the wild fish were several-fold higher than in farmed specimens, these ones fed with fish feed with 210Po content lower than natural food in the sea. Therefore, the current trend of increasing the consumption of seafood from aquaculture seems to be reducing the radiation exposure to 210Po in the human diet that is considered beneficial to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Sezer
- Medical Services and Techniques Department, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Istanbul Arel University, Sefaköy, 34295, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Eren Nural
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mert Kesiktaş
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emre Yemişken
- Hydrobiology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Onur Gönülal
- Department of Marine and Freshwater Resources Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Lütfiye Eryılmaz
- Hydrobiology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fernando P Carvalho
- Laboratório de Protecção e Segurança Radiológica, Instituto Superior Técnico/Campus Tecnológico Nuclear, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Murat Blivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Duong VH, Pham-Thi TX, Nguyen TT, Luu VD, Tran DQ, Nguyen TM, Tran TT, Nguyen TN. Characteristics of 210Po in Asian overbite clam (Potamocorbula laevis) from the coastal area at Thai Binh province, Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115425. [PMID: 37647797 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
210Po concentration in the edible muscle tissue and digestive diverticulum organs of Asian overbite clam at the near-shore Thai Binh, Vietnam was analyzed using alpha detectors. The 210Po activity in muscle tissue and digestive diverticulum organs ranged from 5 ± 1 to 178 ± 10 and from 118 ± 7 to 812 ± 12 Bq.kg-1 with the average value of 25 and 324 Bq.kg-1, respectively. Results showed that 210Po activity in the digestive diverticulum was significantly higher than in the muscle tissue. There was a slightly inverse correlation between 210Po activity in muscle tissue, digestive diverticulum, and clam weight and size. The annual committed effective dose was calculated from 210Po due to the consumption of Asian overbite clam for adults in the study area was higher than the guideline value of 0.2 - 1 mSv.y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hao Duong
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thanh-Xuan Pham-Thi
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tai-Tue Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Geoenvironment and Climate Change Response, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Viet-Dung Luu
- Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Dang-Quy Tran
- Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tien-Manh Nguyen
- Licensing Division of Vietnam Agency for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (VARANS), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Trung-Thanh Tran
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Life Science Research, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thanh-Nam Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Life Science Research, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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7
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Natural radionuclides in Greek raisins. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Fakhri Y, Mahmudiono T, Ranaei V, Sarafraz M, Nematollahi A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The Concentration of Radionuclides (Lead-210, Polonium-210, and Cesium-137) in the Muscle of Sardine Fish: a Global Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Exposure Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2011-2021. [PMID: 35588038 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing use of nuclear technology, concerns about the contamination of water resources with radionuclides and the contamination of seafood are increasing. In the current investigation, a meta-analysis and exposure assessment regarding the concentration of radionuclides, including lead-210 (Pb-210), polonium -210 (Po-210), and cesium-137 (Cs-137) in the muscle of Sardin fish were conducted. In this regard, some databases including Scopus and PubMed were selected to retrieve papers on the concentration of radionuclides in the muscle of Sardin fish from January 2000 to 25 June 2021. The used keywords were polonium-210, natural radioactivity, lead-210, radiocesium, cesium-137, radionuclides, radium-226, seafood, marine foods, fish, sardine fish, sardinella longiceps, and Clupeidae. Also, effective dose (ED) was calculated to estimate carcinogenic risk in Sardine fish consumers. The rank order of radionuclides in the muscle of sardine fish was Po-210 (31.50 Bq/kg) > Pb-210 (3.34 Bq/kg) > Cs-137 (0.48 Bq/kg). Based on level of Pb-210 rank of countries was France (12.00 Bq/kg) > India (4.06 Bq/kg) > Turkey (3.29 Bq/kg) > Spain (1.00 Bq/kg) > Slovenia (0.55 Bq/kg); Po-210 was Turkey (74.96 Bq/kg) > Spain (48.00 Bq/kg) > France (31.500 Bq/kg > India (30.25 Bq/kg) > Slovenia (25.00 Bq/kg) > Kuwait (7.28 Bq/kg) and also, Cs-137 was Japan (1.22 Bq/kg) > Croatia (0.18 Bq/kg) > India (0.23 Bq/kg). The lowest and highest ED of 210Po was observed in Kuwait (5.10E-04 msv/y, female) and France (3.14E-01, male); Pb-210, Slovenia (7.24E-05 msv/y, male) and France (1.48E-02 msv/y, female), and Cs-137, Croatia (8.47E-08 msv/y, male) and Japan (2.54E-05 msv/y, female), respectively. The risk assessment shows that the exposed population are at an acceptable range of risk (H < 1 mSv/y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Vahid Ranaei
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mansour Sarafraz
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amene Nematollahi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal 6121, Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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Shareef YN, Sabu KSP, Khan MF. Radiological dose and associated risk due to 210Po in commercial inter-tidal bivalves of southwest (Arabian Sea) coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114475. [PMID: 36521365 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of 210Po was determined in edible tissues of commercial bivalves on the southwest coast of India. The 210Po activity ranged from 38.3 ± 6.9 Bq kg-1 to 91.2 ± 18.6 Bq kg-1. The annual committed effective dose (ACED) and lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) were calculated for different age groups to determine the potential health risk associated with bivalve consumption. The average ACED ranged from 81.5 to 194.1 μSv y-1, with the 10th and 95th percentiles being 68 and 261 μSv y-1, respectively. Lifelong mortality risk (LMTR) values ranged from 1.2 × 10-3 to 2.9 × 10-3, while lifetime morbidity risk (LMBR) values ranged from 1.9 × 10-6 to 4.9 × 10-6. The effective dose was found to be within the UNSCEAR limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Nawaz Shareef
- Radioecology Laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karunakaran Sreekumar Praveen Sabu
- Radioecology Laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Feroz Khan
- Radioecology Laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Lin J, Ni J, Ji J, Huang D, Zhong Q, Yu T. 210Po and 210Pb in tissues of fish from the southern coast of China and the contribution of 210Po to the radiation dose. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sabu KSP, Kavitha PK, Shareef YN, Khan MF. Evaluation of the radiological dose due to 210Po in commercial clupeid fish collected in the near-shore environment of the high background natural radiation area (HBNRA) on the southwest coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:114034. [PMID: 35981447 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we quantified the tissue concentration of 210Po in a variety of commercial sardine fish species of the family Clupeidae from an area of high background natural radiation area on the southwest coast of India. The smooth belly sardine Amblygaster leiogaster had the lowest 210Po concentration in its muscle (45.6 ± 7.9 Bq kg-1 fresh), while the goldstripe sardine Sardinella gibbosa had the highest (103.4 ± 10.1 Bq kg-1 fresh). The Annual Committed Effective Dose (ACED) of fried sardine and sardine curry were 134.3-304.3 μSv y-1 and 226.6-513.5 μSv y-1, respectively. Of the 210Po loss, 20 % was due to frying and 10 % to preparing sardine curry. The effective dose was found to be globally comparable and well below the world limit. Consumption of sardines containing 210Po would not pose a health hazard to the residents of Manavalakurchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakaran Sreekumar Praveen Sabu
- Department of Zoology, Thiru Kolanjiappar Government Arts College, (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Virudhachalam, 606001 Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pappireddipatty Kandasamy Kavitha
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous - Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yaseen Nawaz Shareef
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous - Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Feroz Khan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous - Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Duong VH, Chu TT, Nguyen TN, Le CD, Pham LT, Duong DT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen QT, Yaseen M, Musthafa MS. Gross beta and alpha activities in the selected commercial freshwater fish species in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26002-26010. [PMID: 35247172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The baseline data of radioactivity levels in food is one of the main factors for the assessment of resident's health risk. Gross beta and alpha activity was identified for selected commercial freshwater fish species, including 29 types of fish species by a gas-flow proportional detector. The samples were collected from wholesale markets in Hanoi city, Vietnam. The highest gross alpha activity was recorded in blotched snakehead, a pelagic and carnivorous species, and the lowest one was recorded in common carp, a demersal and omnivorous species. Meanwhile, the gross beta activity was much higher than the gross alpha activity with the highest value of gross beta, observed in Wels catfish, a demersal and carnivorous species, and the lowest one found in Mudskipper a demersal, herbivores species. Regarding feeding types, the gross alpha activity was observed in the order of Alcarnivores > Alomnivores > Alherbivores whereas the gross beta was non-distinction. In terms of living behavior, the gross alpha activity in pelagic species was much higher than that in demersal species (Alpelagic > > Aldemersal) and indifferent for gross beta. There was an insignificant relationship between the trophic level with gross beta and alpha activities in freshwater fish species. The calculated annual effective dose ranged from 0.19 to 1.88 and 0.78 mSv.y-1 on average, being within the limited dose for the public as reported by UNSCEAR in which gross beta activity has a strong correlation with the total annual effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hao Duong
- Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tien-Trung Chu
- Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Nam Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Dinh Le
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vinatom, 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luan Thanh Pham
- Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Thang Duong
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vinatom, 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen-Trang Nguyen
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vinatom, 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quan Tien Nguyen
- Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Bac Ninh General Hospital, 10, Nguyen Quyen Street, Vo Cuong ward, Bac Ninh province, Vietnam
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Geology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, 600 014, Tamilnadu, India.
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13
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Hansen V, Mosbech A, Rigét FF, Søgaard-Hansen J, Bjerregaard P, Dietz R, Sonne C, Asmund G, Bøknæs N, Olsen M, Gustavson K, Boertmann D, Fabricius SD, Clausen DS, Hansen AS. Background 210Po activity concentrations in Greenland marine biota and dose assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150508. [PMID: 34844309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polonium-210 (210Po) is a radionuclide sentinel as it bioaccumulates in marine organisms, thereby being the main contributor to committed dietary doses in seafood consumers. Although seafood and marine mammals are an important part of the traditional Inuit diet, there is a general lack of information on the 210Po concentrations in the Greenlandic marine food chain leading to the human consumer. Here, we determine background 210Po concentrations in edible parts of different marine organisms from Greenland and provide a dose assessment. Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), organs of ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) displayed significantly elevated 210Po concentrations in respect to all other studied organisms (p < 0.001). 210Po concentrations ranged from 0.02 Bq kg-1, w.w. in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) muscle to 78 Bq kg-1, w.w. and 202 Bq kg-1, w.w. in ringed seal muscle and kidneys, respectively. 210Po concentration ratio for edible parts increases in the order bladderwrack (Fucus Vesiculosus), northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), blue mussels, and from fish species to ringed seal and polar bear. 210Po distribution in fish, ringed seal, and polar bear follows a general pattern, the lowest concentrations were in muscle, and the highest concentrations were in the organs involved in metabolism. The derived 210Po annual absorbed dose in edible parts of studied marine organisms are several orders of magnitude lower than the recommended dose rate screening value of 10 μGy h-1. Effective doses from intake of 210Po to Greenland average children (1.4 mSv y-1), and high seafood and marine mammal consumers (2 mSv y-1 for adults and 3.6 mSv y-1 for children) are higher than the world average annual effective dose due to ingestion of naturally occurring radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Hansen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Frank Farsø Rigét
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, GL-3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 København K, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gert Asmund
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Bøknæs
- Royal Greenland A/S, Hellebarden 7, DK-9230 Svenstrup J, Denmark
| | - Maia Olsen
- Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, GL-3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - David Boertmann
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sandra Drewes Fabricius
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniel Spelling Clausen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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14
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Rosa MML, Maihara VA, Taddei MHT, Cheberle LTV, Avegliano RP, Silva PSC. The use of total diet study for determination of natural radionuclides in foods of a high background radiation area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 242:106793. [PMID: 34923321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of 40K, 210Pb, 210Po, 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 230Th, 232Th, 234U, and 238U were determined in 82 food samples, grouped into 20 food groups according to the Brazilian Total Diet, which reflects the dietary habits of a population, for the rural and urban areas of Poços de Caldas city, a High Background Radiation Area. The highest activity concentration found in the food samples was due to 40K being present in all types of food. Among the other radionuclides, high activity concentrations were found for 210Pb in beans and salt, 210Po in fish, 226Ra and 228Ra in nuts and seeds. The main food groups that contributed most to the effective dose, in urban and rural regions, were beans and beverages. The effective doses, due to the ingestion of the analysed food groups, were of 0.44 and 0.60 mSv y-1 and the lifetime cancer risks were 1.6 × 10-3 and 2.3 × 10-3 for the urban and rural Poços de Caldas population, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychelle M L Rosa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear / Laboratório de Poços de Caldas (CNEN / LAPOC), Rodovia Poços de Caldas/Andradas km 13. CEP 37701-970, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil; Ambientis Radioproteção, Av. Real, 236, Aldeia da Serra, CEP 06429-200, Barueri, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera A Maihara
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena T Taddei
- Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear / Laboratório de Poços de Caldas (CNEN / LAPOC), Rodovia Poços de Caldas/Andradas km 13. CEP 37701-970, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luan T V Cheberle
- Ambientis Radioproteção, Av. Real, 236, Aldeia da Serra, CEP 06429-200, Barueri, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseane P Avegliano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo S C Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Nguyen TN, Nguyen TD, Duong VH, Nguyen TT. Distribution and annual committed effective dose assessment of 210Po in popular marine species at the near-shore Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112073. [PMID: 33549996 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
210Po concentration in thirty popular marine species (twenty five fishes, four bivalves and one crab) with different habitats, feeding types, and trophic levels at the near-shore Binh Thuan, Vietnam was analyzed using the alpha detectors. The 210Po activities were widely ranged from 3.07 ± 0.18 in a fish species (Bumpnose trevally) to 78.6 ± 5.3 Bq/kg w.w in a bivalve species (Green mussel) with the average value of 16.6 Bq/kg w.w. The results showed that the species with lower trophic level value have higher 210Po concentration. Regarding the feeding types, the 210Po concentration in the omnivorous species is about 2.9 times higher than in the carnivorous species. The species living in demersal zone accumulated a high 210Po in comparison with species living in reef-associated and pelagic-neritic zones. The calculated annual committed effective dose from 210Po due to the ingestion of seafood from demersal zone and bivalve species of the area was significant high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Nam Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Center for Life Science Research (CELIFE), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Van-Hao Duong
- Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Tai-Tue Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Geoenvironment and Climate Change Response, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
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16
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Kong X, Qian Y, Zheng Q, Ji Y. Levels and Distributions of 210Pb and 210Po in Selected Seafood Samples in China and Assessment of Related Dose to Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3036. [PMID: 33809483 PMCID: PMC8000628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the activity concentrations levels of 210Pb and 210Po in the edible portions of eight seafood samples collected from the Fujian coast of China were determined. The activity concentrations ranged from 0.74 ± 0.08 to 12.6 ± 1.0 Bq/kg for 210Po and from the minimum detectable limit (MDL, 0.80 Bq/kg) to 11. 7 ± 1.1 Bq/kg for 210Pb. The 210Po activity concentration in all the fish organs ranged from 0.68 to 204 Bq/kg (w.w.), and the 210Po activity was mainly concentrated in the stomach, spleen, heart, liver, gonad, and intestine samples. The 210Pb activity concentration in all the fish organs ranged from the MDL to 15.2 Bq/kg (w.w.), and the 210Pb activity was concentrated in the head, fish scale, and gill samples. The annual effective ingestion doses ranged from 82.8 to 255 μSv/a for all age groups, and the lifetime risk of cancers were estimated. Both the effective ingestion doses and cancer risk to humans were within the acceptable ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyin Kong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Beijing 100088, China; (X.K.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuxin Qian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Beijing 100088, China; (X.K.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Qishan Zheng
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Poisoning, Fuzhou 350025, China;
| | - Yanqin Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Beijing 100088, China; (X.K.); (Y.Q.)
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17
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Zakri N, Abd Rahim Mohamed C. Natural Polonium-210 in Bivalve Species in Peninsular Malaysia Waters as Recent Pollution Indicator. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Po-210 is an alpha rays emitter in U-238 decay series and a natural radionuclide found in the ocean, and bivalve is the best biological indicator compared to the other organisms because of their feeding methods that are filter-feeding and suspension-feeding. They are able to accumulate toxic substances from marine environment in their tissue and researches were conducted in edible tissues of Meretrix meretrix, Perna virid, Glauconome virens, Anadara granosa, Anadara ovalis, Pholas orientalis, Donax sp., Polymesoda bengalensis, Phapia undulata, and Tellina virgate. Result showed Po-210 activity distributions were ranging from 2.61 ± 1.50 to 517.46 ± 56.64 Bq/kg. The lowest value of Po-210 activity recorded in Anadara granosa and the highest value recorded in Donax sp. Small-sized of bivalve species contained higher Po-210 activity than the larger one. Higher Po-210 contents in bivalve obtained from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia might be closely related to anthropogenic factors from the coastline. This study also found that Donax sp. is able to be a good indicator of environmental pollutants as it accumulates Po-210 in higher concentrations than other bivalve species. Donax sp. can be found in several parts of Malaysia and available in large quantities but it appears to be seasonal. While for seafood safety monitoring, Anadara granosa is capable of becoming a good benchmark for seafood security as it found in most parts of Malaysia. It is not seasonal and a kind of Malaysian favorite seafood.
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18
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Duong Van H, Le Luong H, Nguyen Dinh C, Nguyen Thanh D, Hegedűs M, Csordás A, Kovács T. Gross alpha and gross beta activities in selected marine species in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33385-33392. [PMID: 32608008 PMCID: PMC7417399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The measured gross alpha and gross beta activities in the edible muscle tissues of eleven selected marine species along the coast of North Vietnam varied from 10.2 ± 1.5 to 73.2 ± 8.1 Bq/kg (wwt) and from 10.6 ± 0.4 to 68.8 ± 2.8 Bq/kg (wwt), respectively. The lowest gross alpha activity was recorded for bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) as a result of its carnivorous diet, and the highest alpha activity was noted for blood cockle (Anadara granosa) as a result of its omnivorous diet. However, the gross beta activities in both carnivorous and omnivorous species were similar. The highest and lowest gross beta activities were observed for narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) and for bigfin reef squid and squid (Teuthida), respectively. All three aforementioned species have carnivorous diets. The calculated annual committed effective dose resulting from the consumption of 25 kg of muscle tissue per year varied from 192 to 1375 μS with an average of 689 μS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duong Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Le Luong
- AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH UST), Krakow, Poland
| | - Chau Nguyen Dinh
- AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH UST), Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Miklós Hegedűs
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Anita Csordás
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
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19
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Duong Van H. Assessment of the annual committed effective dose due to the 210Po ingestion from selected sea-food species in Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126519. [PMID: 32203785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentration of 210Po in the edible muscle tissues of twelve sea-food species (the most common marine food consumed of population in Vietnam) were analyzed using the PIPS detectors ORTEC Alpha-Ensemble spectrometer. The 210Po activity concentration in studied samples was found to vary from 0.82 ± 0.47 to 70.3 ± 8.5 Bq/kg fresh weight. The highest activity concentration was recorded for the Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and the lowest for Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). The annual committed effective dose (CED) of 210Po to humans (the local residents) due to ingestion of each studied species was calculated from 18.5 to 1586 μSv/y. The average annual committed effective dose value was reported 394 μSv/y, which is marginally higher than the average CED contributed from ingestion of food and water total in global background (290 μSv/y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duong Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
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20
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The assessment of radiological risks associated with the ingestion of 210Po, 210Pb, and 137Cs in marine organisms collected from the local fish market of Kenitra, Morocco. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Jia G, Torri G, Magro L. The fate of the main naturally occurring radionuclides in mussels (Mytilus edulis) and their radiological impact on human beings. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:217. [PMID: 32140851 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study was made on the activity concentrations, concentration factors, and radiation exposure impact of the main naturally occurring radionuclides in blue mussels collected in the Mediterranean Sea. The results showed that the concentrations of the measured radionuclides were site-specific and all detectable in gram-size samples of the soft tissues of the mussels, especially, some activity concentrations can reach as high as 16.8-102 Bq kg-1 for 210Po, 16.7-66.8 Bq kg-1 for 40K and 0.602-3.21 Bq kg-1 for 210Pb. The obtained mean concentration factors in the soft tissues of the mussel samples are 6.30 ± 2.40 for 238U and 234U, 4.68 ± 1.73 for 235U, (2.72 ± 1.73) × 104 for 232Th and 230Th, 480 ± 265 for 228Th, 33.3 ± 13.3 for 226Ra, 100 ± 52 for 224Ra and 29.0 ± 14.7 for 228Ra, (1.22 ± 0.72) × 104 for 210Po, 517 ± 280 for 210Pb and 2.57 ± 0.80 for 40K. The estimated mean committed effective doses of 238U, 234U, 235U, 232Th, 230Th, 228Th, 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 210Po, 210Pb and 40K to an adult due to mussel ingestion are 0.073 ± 0.027, 0.089 ± 0.035, 0.0030 ± 0.0011, 0.128 ± 0.098, 0.117 ± 0.081, 0.056 ± 0.031, 0.145 ± 0.058, 0.0487 ± 0.0250, 0.395 ± 0.200, 352 ± 209, 6.00 ± 3.25 and 1.74 ± 0.54 μSv a-1, respectively. Among the elements or nuclides, 210Po is the dominant dose contributor which contributes 96.9% of total dose fraction, and the relative dose contribution is in the order of 210Po > 210Pb > 40K > radium ≥ thorium ≥ uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Jia
- Ispettorato Nazionale per la Sicurezza Nucleare e la Radioprotezione (ISIN), Via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Torri
- Ispettorato Nazionale per la Sicurezza Nucleare e la Radioprotezione (ISIN), Via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Leandro Magro
- Ispettorato Nazionale per la Sicurezza Nucleare e la Radioprotezione (ISIN), Via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
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22
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Guy S, Gaw S, Pearson AJ, Golovko O, Lechermann M. Spatial variability in Polonium-210 and Lead-210 activity concentration in New Zealand shellfish and dose assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:106043. [PMID: 31557702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of Polonium-210 (210Po) and Lead-210 (210Pb) were determined in shellfish (Perna canaliculus and Paphies subtriangulata) sampled bimonthly from March 2018 to February 2019 from 14 sites around New Zealand. Activity concentrations of 210Po ranged from 4.7 ± 1.1 to 324 ± 17 Bq. kg-1 with a mean value of 57 ± 72 Bq. kg-1 (wet weight). The activity concentrations of 210Pb were lower than those for 210Po (0.1 ± 0.4 and 1.9 ± 0.4 Bq. kg-1, with a mean value of 0.7 ± 0.4 Bq. kg-1, wet weight). The calculated 210Po/210Pb activity concentration ratios were higher than unity in all samples indicating that radionuclides are not in equilibrium in shellfish and most of the 210Po was unsupported by its grandparent 210Pb. No significant difference was noted in 210Po activity concentration between different seasons, species or shellfish condition index. Significant spatial variability in 210Po activity concentration was observed with elevated 210Po activity concentration in two sampling sites: Ninety Mile Beach (mean 257 ± 47 Bq. kg-1) and Maunganui Bluff (mean 127 ± 22 Bq. kg-1). Elevated 210Po is hypothesised to be related to an increase of 210Po accumulation through diet. Individuals who consume large quantities of shellfish (10 g per day or more) from areas affected by elevated 210Po activity concentration may be exposed to an annual committed effective dose from 210Po in shellfish in excess of 1 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guy
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | - Oksana Golovko
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Michael Lechermann
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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23
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Pillai GS, Chandrasekaran S, Baskaran R, Venkatraman B, Deepu R. A REVIEW ON 210Po AND 210Pb IN INDIAN SEAFOOD AND DOSE TO CONSUMERS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 187:139-153. [PMID: 31135907 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
India is the second largest seafood producer in the world marketing more than 7000 edible species. In this regard, commendable studies have been conducted since the 1970s by different research groups and more data are reported. In this work, all the studies on 210Po and 210Pb measurements in abiotic and biotic components of India have been combined and reviewed. The concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb are estimated by radiochemical separation followed by alpha counting. Grain size, season, Tsunami waves and place of sampling have a decisive bearing on 210Po and 210Pb concentration in abiotic components. Plankton shows a higher Kd factor (104) compared to seaweeds and sea grass (103). Pond ecosystems recorded the highest Kd factor (4·3 × 104) compared to other freshwater and marine ecosystems. Bioaccumulation of 210Po and 210Pb varies with respect to variety of seafood. The committed effective dose (CED) calculated for shellfish species maintained a higher range of 2.5 × 10-2 mSv/y to 9.8 × 10-1 mSv/y and for fish species fluctuated from 3.8 × 10-4 mSv/y to 2.0 × 10-1 mSv/y. The studies conducted so far are scattered, and need to be gathered for future reference and planning (i.e. There is not much information available for Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra, West Bengal and Odessa coast). Therefore, it is strongly recommended that further and more complete research is undertaken to study the bioaccumulation of 210Po and 210Pb from seafood. Overall, the present review concludes that Indian seafood is radiologically safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sankaran Pillai
- Radiological, Environment and Safety Division (RESD), Health Safety and Environment Group (HSEG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Chandrasekaran
- Radiological, Environment and Safety Division (RESD), Health Safety and Environment Group (HSEG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Baskaran
- Radiological, Environment and Safety Division (RESD), Health Safety and Environment Group (HSEG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Venkatraman
- Radiological, Environment and Safety Division (RESD), Health Safety and Environment Group (HSEG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Deepu
- Radiological, Environment and Safety Division (RESD), Health Safety and Environment Group (HSEG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Hurtado-Bermúdez S, Valencia JM, Rivera-Silva J, Mas JL, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Alonso E. Levels of radionuclide concentrations in benthic invertebrate species from the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean, during 2012-2018. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110519. [PMID: 31437613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Baseline levels of radionuclides in the marine environment of the Balearic Islands in Western Mediterranean have not been reported in literature. Because of their ecological role and acknowledged sensitivity to pollutants, herein, the activity concentrations of 210Po, 40K, 210Pb, 90Sr, and 234Th were measured in two types of benthic invertebrate species (mussels and sea urchins) sampled during 2012-2018. The activity concentrations of 210Po, 40K, 210Pb, and 234Th ranged from 38 ± 1 to 325 ± 11 Bq kg-1 dry weight (d.w.), 220 ± 10 to 996 ± 46 Bq kg-1 d.w., ND (lower than the limit of detection) to 55 ± 8 Bq kg-1 d.w., and ND to 70 ± 15 Bq kg-1 d.w., respectively. In all cases, no artificial 90Sr activity was detected in the collected samples. The committed effective dose to humans was calculated to be in the range of 48-640 μSv year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Hurtado-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José María Valencia
- Laboratori d'Investigacions Marines i Aqüicultura (LIMIA), Direcció General de Pesca i Medi Marí. Illes Balears. Avda. Ingenyer Gabriel Roca, 69, 07157 Port d'Andratx, Spain
| | - Jorge Rivera-Silva
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Mas
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Thakur P, Ward AL. 210Po in the environment: insight into the naturally occurring polonium isotope. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Machraoui S, Mandya Purushotham M, Naregundi K, Labidi S. Assessment of radionuclide transfer factors and transfer coefficients near phosphate industrial areas of South Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28341-28351. [PMID: 31372949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides in agriculture soils as well as in several food products at four locations within the phosphate area of South Tunisia were investigated. Soil-to-plant transfer factors as well as feed-to-animal products transfer coefficients were determined for the first time for the region. Activity concentrations of 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra and 137Cs in soils of agriculture fields were lower than worldwide average values. The soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) for 40K in leafy vegetables were higher than those in fruit vegetables. Soil-to-grass transfer factor (Fv) values were in the following order: 40K > 210Pb > 226Ra. The grass-to-milk transfer coefficient (Fm) values for 40K and 210Pb ranged between 2 × 10-3 and 4 × 10-3(day L-1). The concentration ratios for the animal products (CRmilk-feed, CRmeat-feed and CRegg-feed) varied in the ranges of 2 × 10-2-4 × 10-2 L kg-1, 1 × 10-2-2 × 10-1 (L kg-1) and 5 × 10-2-1 (L kg-1)for 40K, 210Pb and 226Ra, respectively. Transfer parameters determined in the present study were compared with those reported in International Atomic Energy Agency reports and other published values. The absorbed gamma dose rate in air and the external hazard index associated with these natural radionuclides were computed to assess the radiation hazard of radioactivity in this region, and the results indicated that these areas are within set safety limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Machraoui
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory in Biophysics and Medical Technologies, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohan Mandya Purushotham
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - Karunakara Naregundi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - Salam Labidi
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory in Biophysics and Medical Technologies, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
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27
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Hurtado-Bermúdez S, Jurado-González JA, Santos JL, Díaz-Amigo CF, Aparicio I, Más JL, Alonso E. Geographical origin of bivalve molluscs in coastal areas using natural radioactivity fingerprinting and multivariate statistical analyses: Andalusian coast as case of study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:706-714. [PMID: 30658279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of natural and artificial radionuclides in the marine environment produces the accumulation of radionuclides in bivalve molluscs consumed by humans, and therefore it could result in a radiological hazard. In this study, the activity concentrations of 210Po, 40K, 210Pb and 234Th were determined in different types of bivalve molluscs sampled during the period of May 2014-June 2015, along coastal areas from the Andalusian region (South of Spain), through alpha-particle spectrometry and low-level gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 210Po; 40K; 210Pb and 234Th varied between 40 ± 2 and 515 ± 9 Bq kg-1 dry weight (d.w.); 121 ± 7 and 674 ± 34 Bq kg-1 d.w.; ND (lower than limit of detection) and 73 ± 10 Bq kg-1 d.w.; and ND and 126 ± 27 Bq kg-1 d.w., respectively. The committed effective dose to humans was calculated to range from 41 to 479 μSv year-1. Both activity concentrations and dose levels were comparable to previous studies from other countries. Finally, a multivariate statistical analysis of natural radioactivity content allowed the discrimination between bivalve molluscs from Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Hurtado-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Jurado-González
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459, El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Francisco Díaz-Amigo
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459, El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Más
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain.
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28
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Pintilie V, Ene A, Georgescu LP, Pintilie AG, Moraru DI, Iticescu C. Gross alpha, gross beta and radionuclides (210Po, 210Pb, 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K) exposure assessment due to meat consumption. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Ababneh ZQ, Ababneh AM, Almasoud FI, Alsagabi S, Alanazi YJ, Aljulaymi AA, Aljarrah KM. Assessment of the committed effective dose due to the 210Po intake from fish consumption for the Arabian Gulf population. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:511-515. [PMID: 30025369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the committed effective dose due to the intake of 210Po from the consumption of fish in Arabian Gulf countries. Twenty different kinds of fish, which represent the most common fish species consumed in the Arabian Gulf countries, were analyzed using alpha spectrometer technique. 210Po activity concentrations in fish samples were found to vary over a wide range from 0.1 to 14.7 Bq kg-1 fresh weight. This variation of 210Po concentrations between various type of fish samples might be attributed to the feeding type pattern and the size of fish. The annual committed effective dose due to ingestion of 210Po in fish species for adults in the Arabian Gulf countries was estimated and found to vary from 38 μSv in Bahrain to 85 μSv in Oman with an average value of 59 μSv. These values are considered relatively high compared to those reported in some other regions. However, it is still much lower than the world average ingestion dose due to natural radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Q Ababneh
- Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 211-63, Jordan; College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anas M Ababneh
- Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 211-63, Jordan
| | - Fahad I Almasoud
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; National Centre for Nuclear Technology (NCNT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alsagabi
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; National Centre for Nuclear Technology (NCNT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef J Alanazi
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; National Centre for Nuclear Technology (NCNT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Aljulaymi
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; National Centre for Nuclear Technology (NCNT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Aljarrah
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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30
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210Po and 210Pb in fish from northern Aegean Sea and radiation dose to fish consumers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Komperød M, Skuterud L. Radiation Doses From the Norwegian Diet. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:195-202. [PMID: 29905595 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion doses between and within countries are expected to vary significantly due to differences in dietary habits and geographical variations in radionuclide concentrations. This paper presents the most comprehensive assessment to date of the effective radiation dose from the Norwegian diet, from natural as well as anthropogenic radionuclides. Ingestion doses to the Norwegian public are calculated using national dietary statistics and the most relevant radionuclide concentration data for the various food products. The age-weighted average effective dose received by the Norwegian population from the diet is estimated at 0.41 mSv y from naturally occurring radionuclides and 0.010 mSv y from anthropogenic radionuclides. This is approximately 50% higher than the estimated world average. Fish and shellfish is the food group that provides the largest dose contribution from the average Norwegian diet. Although the average dose from anthropogenic radionuclides today is low, the exposure may still be significant for certain critical groups-especially persons who consume large amounts of reindeer meat from the regions that received significant radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl accident. Furthermore, persons with high Rn concentrations in their drinking water are among those receiving the highest ingestion doses in Norway.
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32
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Hurtado-Bermúdez S, Jurado-González JA, Santos JL, Díaz-Amigo CF, Aparicio I, Mas JL, Alonso E. Baseline activity concentration of 210Po and 210Pb and dose assessment in bivalve molluscs at the Andalusian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:711-716. [PMID: 30041368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were determined in different types of bivalve molluscs sampled during the period of May 2014-June 2015 along the Andalusian littoral. Radioactivity concentrations of 210Po were determined through alpha-particle spectrometry using 209Po as an internal tracer. Radioactivity concentrations of 210Pb were determined through low-level gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb varied between 40 ± 2 and 515 ± 9 Bq kg-1 dry weight (d.w.), and ND (lower than limit of detection) and 73 ± 10 Bq kg-1 d.w., respectively. The committed effective dose to humans was calculated to range from 39 to 477 μSv year-1. Radioactivity and dose levels were compared with previous studies from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Hurtado-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Jurado-González
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459 El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Francisco Díaz-Amigo
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459 El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Mas
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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33
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Aközcan S, Külahcı F. Descriptive statistics and risk assessment for the control of seasonal pollutant effects of 210Po and 210Pb in coastal waters (Çanakkale, Turkey). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Men W, Deng F, He J, Yu W, Wang F, Li Y, Lin F, Lin J, Lin L, Zhang Y, Yu X. Radioactive impacts on nekton species in the Northwest Pacific and humans more than one year after the Fukushima nuclear accident. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:601-610. [PMID: 28692938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the radioactive impacts on 10 nekton species in the Northwest Pacific more than one year after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident (FNA) from the two perspectives of contamination and harm. Squids were especially used for the spatial and temporal comparisons to demonstrate the impacts from the FNA. The radiation doses to nekton species and humans were assessed to link this radioactivity contamination to possible harm. The total dose rates to nektons were lower than the ERICA ecosystem screening benchmark of 10μGy/h. Further dose-contribution analysis showed that the internal doses from the naturally occurring nuclide 210Po were the main dose contributor. The dose rates from 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr and 110mAg were approximately three or four orders of magnitude lower than those from naturally occurring radionuclides. The 210Po-derived dose was also the main contributor of the total human dose from immersion in the seawater and the ingestion of nekton species. The human doses from anthropogenic radionuclides were ~ 100 to ~ 10,000 times lower than the doses from naturally occurring radionuclides. A morbidity assessment was performed based on the Linear No Threshold assumptions of exposure and showed 7 additional cancer cases per 100,000,000 similarly exposed people. Taken together, there is no need for concern regarding the radioactive harm in the open ocean area of the Northwest Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Men
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Fangfang Deng
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Longshan Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xingguang Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
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Faganeli J, Falnoga I, Benedik L, Jeran Z, Klun K. Accumulation of 210Po in coastal waters (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 174:38-44. [PMID: 27449793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The total activity of 210Po was determined by alpha-spectrometry in various samples (matrices) collected in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) where fresh water inflows, especially from the Isonzo River in the northern part, affect water quality. Observed 210Po levels were: 1) 0.56-3.75 mBq/L in the dissolved phase (<0.45 μm) in the seawater column and local rivers, 2) 0.35-3.11 mBq/L (400-2300 Bq/kg, dry weight, dw) in suspended particulate matter (SPM, 0.45-20 μm) in the seawater column and local rivers, 3) 40 (Isonzo River) -158 Bq/kg (in a surface sediment cores collected in a NS transect in the gulf and sectioned to the depth of 20 cm) and 4) 239 (autumn) - 415 to 1800 (spring) Bq/kg (dw) in meso(zoo)plankton (>200 μm). In seawater and tributaries, up to 80% (mean 49%) of total 210Po was found in particulate form. In sediments, slightly higher levels were encountered in the Isonzo prodelta and in the central (depocenter) part of the gulf. KD (L/kg) calculated between seawater and SPM, and seawater and sediment amounted to about 5 × 106 and 6 × 104, respectively. Lower autumn 210Po levels can be a consequence of biological dilution by higher mesozooplankton biomass in the autumn compared to spring. Plankton fractionation revealed in general the highest levels in the >200 μm mesoplankton fraction (239-1800 Bq/kg) followed by 50-200 μm (388-996 Bq/kg) and 20-50 μm (318-810 Bq/kg) microplankton fractions. Obtained data show higher 210Po levels in all matrices analyzed in the Gulf of Trieste compared to other Adriatic (central Adriatic) and western Mediterranean areas. The 210Po/210Pb ratios in water, plankton and sediments were mostly below or around 1, while this ratio was much higher at higher trophic levels (up to about 50), reflecting a preferential bioaccumulation of 210Po over 210Pb. 210Po accumulation between seawater and SPM and seawater and mesozooplankton amounted to 3.7 × 104 and 1.1 × 104, respectively, similar to other Adriatic areas. Comparison of the relative importance of pelagic and benthic bioaccumulation pathways, excluding the filter feeder bivalves, suggests greater accumulation in pelagic-feeding species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadran Faganeli
- Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ljudmila Benedik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Zvonka Jeran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Klun
- Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
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Kim SH, Hong GH, Lee HM, Cho BE. 210Po in the marine biota of Korean coastal waters and the effective dose from seafood consumption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 174:30-37. [PMID: 27903421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of 210Po were determined in plankton and selected species of macroalgae, crustaceans, molluscs, and fish from Korean coastal waters to understand 210Po distribution in these trophic levels and to assess the effective dose of 210Po from seafood ingested by the average Korean. The activity concentration of 210Po in macroalgae, mixed plankton, anchovy (whole body), abalone muscle, and abalone viscera was 0.97-1.43, 32-137, 59-392, 2.93 ± 0.86, and 1495 ± 484 Bq kg-1 (w.w.), respectively. Polonium-210 concentration in the whole flesh of mussel and oyster were 47.8 ± 5.9 and 45.3 ± 7.1 Bq kg-1 (w.w.), respectively. Polonium-210 concentration in the muscle of the five tested species of fish other than anchovy ranged from 0.51 to 5.56 Bq kg-1 (w.w.), with the lowest amount in a demersal species. In fish, 210Po activity concentration was as much as three orders of magnitude higher in viscera than in muscle. The average annual effective 210Po dose per average Korean adult, who consumes 42.8 kg of seafood a year (excluding anchovy), was estimated to be 94 μSv y-1, with 42-71% of this attributed to shellfish. Further studies are required to assess the dose of 210Po from anchovy owing to its high activity concentration and the manner in which anchovy is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
| | - G H Hong
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - B E Cho
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea
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Annamalai SK, Arunachalam KD, Selvaraj R. Natural radionuclide dose and lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of fish and water from fresh water reservoirs near the proposed uranium mining site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15427-15443. [PMID: 28508337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the reservoir water for human consumption. The sediment, water, and fish samples were collected and analyzed for radionuclide (238U, 232Th, 210Po, 226Ra, 210Pb) and physicochemical parameters like pH, TOC, total hardness, alkalinity, DO, cation exchange capacity, and particle size. The spatial variations among the radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 210Po, 226Ra, 210Pb) in water and bottom sediments of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam were determined. The uranium concentration in the sediment and water was in BDL (<0.5 ppb). The maximum permissible limits in water samples of the analyzed radionuclides are 238U-10 Bq/l, 210Po-0.1 Bq/l, 226Ra-1 Bq/l, and 210Pb-0.1 Bq/l. The radionuclides in our water samples were approximately 50 times far below the recommended limit. The ingestion of water and fish would not pose any significant radiological impact on health or cancer risk to the public, implicating that the fishes from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam reservoir are safe for human consumption except the fisherman community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathesh Kumar Annamalai
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Rajaram Selvaraj
- Environmental Survey Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
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Xarchoulakos DC, Kehagia K, Kallithrakas-Kontos N, Potiriadis C. Disequilibrium of dissolved 234U/238U and 210Po/210Pb in Greek rivers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fonollosa E, Peñalver A, Aguilar C, Borrull F. Bioaccumulation of natural radionuclides in molluscs from the Ebro Delta area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:208-214. [PMID: 27709430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
210Po, 210Pb, 234U, 238U, 232Th and 230Th were analysed in the edible part of four different species of bivalves typically produced and consumed in the Ebro Delta area. The results show that the main contributor to the radioactive content in these species was 210Po, with values ranging between 263.1 ± 26.6 and 813.0 ± 72.9 Bq/kg (d.w.), which are higher than the usual reported activity levels in other geographical areas. This can probably be attributed to the activities of a phosphate industrial plant located upstream on the Ebro River, which may lead to enhanced levels of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes in the aquatic ecosystem. To determine the possible impact on health, the committed effective doses through the consumption of the different species were evaluated and the cumulative total annual effective dose for their consumption was estimated to 187.6 μSv/year, which is in the range of 200-1000 μSv/year given by UNSCEAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fonollosa
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Peñalver
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - C Aguilar
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - F Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
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Radionuclides ( 210Po and 210Pb) and Some Heavy Metals in Fish and Sediments in Lake Bafa, Turkey, and the Contribution of 210Po to the Radiation Dose. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111113. [PMID: 27834886 PMCID: PMC5129323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pollution level of Lake Bafa was investigated by collecting fish samples {Dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass), Liza ramada (mullet) and Anguilla anguilla (eel)}, surface sediment, and core samples. In all these samples, 210Po and 210Pb concentrations were estimated, and total annual dose rates were obtained for each species. Some heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Zn) concentration levels were obtained for the fish and a core sample. The sediment mass accumulation rate was found to be 3.27 g·m-2·day-1 (0.119 g·cm-2·y-1) from a core sample. The heavy metal concentrations in the vertical profile of samples from the core were also observed. The measured concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr were between the ERL (effects range low) and ERM (effects range median) limits, while Ni concentrations were higher than the ERM limit. The observed concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in fish samples did not exceed the limits in accordance with Turkish Food Regulations. Further, the maximum effective dose equivalent of 210Po in the area was found to be 1.169 µSv·y-1.
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Garcia-Orellana J, López-Castillo E, Casacuberta N, Rodellas V, Masqué P, Carmona-Catot G, Vilarrasa M, García-Berthou E. Influence of submarine groundwater discharge on (210)Po and (210)Pb bioaccumulation in fish tissues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 155-156:46-54. [PMID: 26913976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the results of the accumulation of (210)Po and (210)Pb in fish tissues and organs in a brackish-water marshland that is characterized by high concentrations of (222)Rn and (226)Ra supplied by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Tissues and organs from Cyprinus carpio, Chelon labrosus and Carassius auratus in the wetland were significantly enriched by both (210)Pb and (210)Po (up to 55 and 66 times, respectively) compared to blanks. The major input route of (210)Pb and (210)Po into the fish body seems to be through ingestion, due to the high levels of (210)Pb and (210)Po found in the gut content as well as in organs involved in digestion and metabolism (i.e. gut, kidney and hepatopancreas). Results showed that (210)Po was more accumulated in all fish tissues and organs except for the spine, which showed a higher affinity for (210)Pb, due to its capacity to replace Ca from apatite in bones. Over all the variables analyzed, fish tissues/organs and, secondarily, fish species were the most important factors explaining the concentration of radionuclides, whereas fish length and the sampling location played a minor role. The relationship of the two radionuclides varied markedly among tissues and their concentration levels were only correlated in gills, gut and, marginally, in spines. In general, the highest values of (210)Pb and (210)Po concentrations in tissues were found on C. labrosus tissues rather C. auratus and C. carpio. This study demonstrates that inputs of natural radionuclides supplied by SGD to coastal semi-enclosed areas (such as marshlands, lagoons or ponds) may significantly increase the contents of (210)Pb and (210)Po in fish tissues/organs. Thus, this study represents one of the first evidences of direct ecological effects derived from SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garcia-Orellana
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - E López-Castillo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Casacuberta
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg, 5, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Rodellas
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environment (CEREGE), Aix-Marseille Université, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - P Masqué
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia; Oceans Institute & School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - G Carmona-Catot
- GRECO, Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - M Vilarrasa
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
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(210)Bi - from interference to advantage in (210)Pb determination with liquid scintillation counter. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:296-300. [PMID: 26717793 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for determination of (210)Pb activity concentration using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC) in environmental samples is presented. After radiochemical separation of (210)Pb on Eichrom Sr Resin column, the decay product (210)Bi starts to in-grow and interfere with the (210)Pb during measurement with LSC. Instead of eliminating this interference, a novel method utilises (210)Bi in-growth to improve the detection efficiency and subsequently to lower the minimum detectable activity (MDA). This allows for substantial reduction of the MDA compared to conventional methods.
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43
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Pearson AJ, Gaw S, Hermanspahn N, Glover CN. Activity concentrations of (137)Caesium and (210)Polonium in seafood from fishing regions of New Zealand and the dose assessment for seafood consumers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 151 Pt 3:542-550. [PMID: 26272653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine activity concentrations for (134)Caesium, (137)Caesium and (210)Polonium in New Zealand seafood, and establish if activity concentrations varied with respect to species/ecological niche and coastal region. Thirty seafood samples were obtained from six fishing regions of New Zealand along with a further six samples of two commercially important species (hoki and arrow squid) with well-defined fisheries. (134)Caesium was not detected in any sample. (137)Caesium was detected in 47% of samples, predominantly in pelagic fish species, with most activities at a trace level. Detections of (137)Caesium were evenly distributed across all regions. Activity concentrations were consistent with those expected from the oceanic inventory representing residual fallout from global nuclear testing. (210)Polonium was detected above the minimum detectable concentration in 33 (92%) of the analysed samples. Molluscs displayed significantly elevated activity concentrations relative to all other species groups. No significant regional variation in activity concentrations were determined. Two dose assessment models for high seafood consumers were undertaken. Dose contribution from (137)Caesium was minimal and far below the dose exemption limit of 1 mSv/year. Exposure to (210)Polonium was significant in high seafood consumers at 0.44-0.77 mSv/year (5th-95th percentile). (137)Caesium is concluded to be a valuable sentinel radionuclide for monitoring anthropogenic releases, such as global fallout and reactor releases, in the marine environment. (210)Polonium is of importance as a natural radionuclide sentinel due to its high contribution to dietary committed dose in seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pearson
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Nikolaus Hermanspahn
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd, PO Box 29-181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand.
| | - Chris N Glover
- University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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Pearson AJ, Gaw S, Hermanspahn N, Glover CN. Natural and anthropogenic radionuclide activity concentrations in the New Zealand diet. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 151 Pt 3:601-8. [PMID: 26094571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To support New Zealand's food safety monitoring regime, a survey was undertaken to establish radionuclide activity concentrations across the New Zealand diet. This survey was undertaken to better understand the radioactivity content of the modern diet and also to assess the suitability of the current use of milk as a sentinel for dietary radionuclide trends. Thirteen radionuclides were analysed in 40 common food commodities, including animal products, fruits, vegetables, cereal grains and seafood. Activity was detected for (137)Caesium, (90)Strontium and (131)Iodine. No other anthropogenic radionuclides were detected. Activity concentrations of the three natural radionuclides of Uranium and the daughter radionuclide (210)Polonium were detected in the majority of food sampled, with a large variation in magnitude. The maximum activity concentrations were detected in shellfish for all these radionuclides. Based on the established activity concentrations and ranges, the New Zealand diet contains activity concentrations of anthropogenic radionuclides far below the Codex Alimentarius guideline levels. Activity concentrations obtained for milk support its continued use as a sentinel for monitoring fallout radionuclides in terrestrial agriculture. The significant levels of natural and anthropogenic radionuclide activity concentrations detected in finfish and molluscs support undertaking further research to identify a suitable sentinel for New Zealand seafood monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pearson
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 2526, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand; University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Nikolaus Hermanspahn
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd, PO Box 29-181, Christchurch, 8540, New Zealand.
| | - Chris N Glover
- University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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45
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Strumińska-Parulska DI. Determination of (210)Po in calcium supplements and the possible related dose assessment to the consumers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 150:121-5. [PMID: 26318774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this pioneer study was to investigate the most popular calcium supplements as a potential additional source of polonium (210)Po in human diet. The analyzed calcium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic calcium compounds; some from natural sources as mussels' shells, fish extracts, or sedimentary rocks. The objectives of this research were to investigate the naturally occurring (210)Po activity concentrations in calcium supplements, find the correlations between (210)Po concentration in medicament and calcium chemical form, and calculate the effective radiation dose connected to analyzed calcium supplement consumption. As results showed, (210)Po concentrations in natural origin calcium supplements (especially sedimentary rocks) were higher than the other analyzed. Also the results of (210)Po analysis obtained for inorganic forms of calcium supplements were higher. The highest (210)Po activity concentrations were determined in mineral tablets made from sedimentary rocks: dolomite and chalk - 3.88 ± 0.22 and 3.36 ± 0.10 mBq g(-1) respectively; while the lowest in organic calcium compounds: calcium lactate and calcium gluconate - 0.07 ± 0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.01 mBq g(-1). The annual effective radiation doses from supplements intake were estimated as well. The highest annual radiation dose from (210)Po taken with 1 tablet of calcium supplement per day was connected to sample made from chalk - 2.5 ± 0.07 μSv year(-1), while the highest annual radiation dose from (210)Po taken with 1 g of pure calcium per day was connected to dolomite - 12.7 ± 0.70 μSv year(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara I Strumińska-Parulska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry Chair, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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46
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Assessment of 210Po and 210Pb in lichen, moss and soil around Çan coal-fired power plant, Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Bode KT, Bylyku E, Xhixha G, Daci B, Fishka K. Determination of activity concentration of 210Po in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Butrinti Lagoon, Albanian Ionian coast. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Aoun M, El Samad O, Bou Khozam R, Lobinski R. Assessment of committed effective dose due to the ingestion of (210)Po and (210)Pb in consumed Lebanese fish affected by a phosphate fertilizer plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 140:25-29. [PMID: 25461512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of radionuclides through seafood intake is a one of the sources contributing to the internal effective dose in the human organism. In order to evaluate the internal exposure and potential risks due to (210)Po and (210)Pb associated with fish consumption, these radionuclides were measured in commonly consumed fish species from a clean area and an area subjected to the impact of a Lebanese phosphate fertilizer plant. The highest concentration of (210)Pb was 98.7 Bq/kg fresh weight while (210)Po activity concentrations varied from 3.6 Bq/kg to 140 Bq/kg. A supplementary radiation exposure was detected; the highest committed effective dose due to (210)Po and (210)Pb was found to be 1110 μSv/y and 450 μSv/y, respectively. Moreover, the average mortality and morbidity risks due to the fish consuming were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoun
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, CNRS/UPPA, Hélioparc, Pau, France.
| | - O El Samad
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Bou Khozam
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Lobinski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, CNRS/UPPA, Hélioparc, Pau, France
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49
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Kristan U, Planinšek P, Benedik L, Falnoga I, Stibilj V. Polonium-210 and selenium in tissues and tissue extracts of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Gulf of Trieste). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:231-241. [PMID: 25016556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms such as mussels and fish take up polonium (Po) and selenium (Se), and distribute them into different cellular components and compartments. Due to its high radiotoxicity and possible biomagnification across the marine food chain Po-210 is potentially hazardous, while selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the presence and extractability of the elements in the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in the Gulf of Trieste. The levels of Po-210 in the samples ranged from 220 to 400 Bq kg(-1) and of Se from 2.6 to 8.2 mg kg(-1), both on a dry matter basis. Using various extraction types and conditions in water, buffer or enzymatic media, the best extractability was obtained with enzymatic extraction (Protease XIV, 1h shaking at 40 °C) and the worst by water extraction (24 h shaking at 37 °C). 90% of Po-210 and 70% of Se was extractable in the first case versus less than 10% of Po-210 and less than 40% of Se in the second. Such evident differences in extractability between the investigated elements point to different metabolic pathways of the two elements. In enzymatic extracts Se speciation revealed three Se compounds (SeCys2, SeMet, one undefined), while Po-210 levels were too low to allow any conclusions about speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Kristan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Planinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ljudmila Benedik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vekoslava Stibilj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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50
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Khan MF, Wesley SG, Rajan MP. Polonium-210 in marine mussels (bivalve molluscs) inhabiting the southern coast of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 138:410-416. [PMID: 25042075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on the determination of the alpha-emitter, (210)Po, in two species of marine mussels (bivalve molluscs) commonly available in the southern coastal region of India. The brown mussel, Perna indica was collected from the west coast and the green mussel, Perna viridis from the east coast. The concentration of (210)Po was related to the allometry (length of shell, wet/dry weight of shell/soft tissue) of the mussels and significant results were found. The study period focused on three seasons namely, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon for a 1-year period (2010-2011). The results revealed higher activity levels in smaller-sized mussels compared to larger ones. Marked variation in (210)Po activity concentration was noted in the whole-body soft tissues between seasons and sampling site (p < 0.05). The dose rate assessment for mussels was performed using the ERICA Assessment tool. The chronic exposure to mussels due to (210)Po was found to be lesser than the global benchmark dose rate of 10 μGy h(-1). The effective ingestion dose to adults who intake mussels was estimated to be in the range 5.1-34.9 μSv y(-1). The measurement contributes to the furthering of knowledge of (210)Po, since no data exist in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feroz Khan
- Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College of Arts and Science (Men), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Godwin Wesley
- Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil 629 003, Kanniyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M P Rajan
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project, Kudankulam, Tamil Nadu, India
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