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Müller M, Hartmann I. Catalyst activity characterization and proper integration at small‐scale biomass combustion systems. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Müller
- Department Thermo-chemical Conversion DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH Torgauer Straße 116 Leipzig 04347 Germany
| | - Ingo Hartmann
- Department Thermo-chemical Conversion DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH Torgauer Straße 116 Leipzig 04347 Germany
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2
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Horák J, Kuboňová L, Hopan F, Kremer J, Dej M, Tomšej T, Krpec K, Ryšavý J, Molchanov O, Garba M, Ochodek T. Influence of co-combustion of unsuitable fuels with standardized fuels in households on CO, OGC, PM, and PAH emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44297-44307. [PMID: 35128609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste combustion in residential small-scale combustion units is not legal in the Czech Republic or other European Union countries. The resulting gaseous and particulate pollutants expose inhabitants to smells and toxic compounds and may damage their property and health. This study is designed to define the emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants and determine the influence of municipal waste combustion on emission factors. Different types of solid fuels, municipal wood wastes (window frames, furniture chipboard), and mixtures of solid fuels with municipal wastes (namely, textiles, plastics, PET briquettes comprising a mixture of PET bottles + wood pellets + frying oil, paper, and floor coverings) were combusted in residential combustion units (such as gasification boiler, boiler with down-draft combustion, overfire boiler, and stove). Studies describing such an extensive range of waste samples combusted in different small-scale combustion units have not yet been published. Emission factors (EFs) for products of incomplete combustion (carbon monoxide (CO), organic gaseous compounds (OGC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gaseous and particulate phases) and particulate matter (PM) were within narrow intervals and lowest for standardized wood fuel (dry wood logs only) and 2-4 times higher on average for unsuitable coal samples (coal unsuitable for the particular boiler type used and coal combined with waste), for which values fell within broad intervals.The EFs of pollutants resulting from incomplete combustion (CO, OGC, and 16 PAHtotal) and PM were lowest for standardized wood fuel (dry wood logs only) and almost two or four times higher on average for unsuitable coal fuels (coal unsuitable for the particular boiler type used and coal combined with waste).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Horák
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kuboňová
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - František Hopan
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kremer
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dej
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tomšej
- Organic Lab, Odra River Basin District Authority, Varenská 49, 701 26, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Krpec
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Ryšavý
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Molchanov
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Garba
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Tadeáš Ochodek
- Energy Research Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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Efficiency of Emission Reduction Technologies for Residential Biomass Combustion Appliances: Electrostatic Precipitator and Catalyst. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Residential biomass combustion has been pointed out as one of the largest sources of atmospheric pollutants. Rising awareness of the environmental effects of residential biomass combustion emissions boosted the development of different emission reduction devices that are currently available on the market for small-scale appliances. However, detailed studies on the efficiency of these devices in different combustion systems available in Southern European countries are lacking. In this study, two pollution control devices (catalytic converter and electrostatic precipitator) were tested in two different combustion systems (batch mode operated woodstove and automatically fed pellet stove) in order to assess the emission reduction potential of the devices. Pine firewood was used to fuel the woodstove. One commercial brand of pellets and an agricultural fuel (olive pit) were taken for the experiments in the pellet stove. While the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator in reducing PM10 was only recorded for woodstove emissions (29%), the effect of the catalyst in decreasing gaseous emissions was only visible when applied to the pellet stove flue gas. For wood pellet combustion, reductions of CO and TOC emissions were in the range of 60–62% and 74–77%, respectively. For olive pit combustion, a lower decrease of 59–60% and 64% in CO and TOC emissions, respectively, was recorded.
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Zhang C, Bai L, Yao Q, Li J, Wang H, Shen L, Sippula O, Yang J, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang B. Emission characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from industrial combustion of biomass fuels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118265. [PMID: 34601032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although biomass fuel has always been regarded as a source of sustainable energy, it potentially emits polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study investigated PCDD/F emissions from industrial boilers fired with three types of biomass fuel (i.e., bagasse, coffee residue, and biomass pellets) via stack sampling and laboratory analysis. The measured mass concentrations of PCDD/Fs varied among the boilers from 0.0491 to 12.7 ng Nm-3 (11% O2), with the calculated average international toxic equivalent quantity (I-TEQ) from 0.00195 to 1.71 ng I-TEQ Nm-3 (11% O2). Some of them were beyond the limit value for municipal waste incineration. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF could be used as a good indicator of dioxin-induced toxicity of stack flue gases from biomass-fired boilers. The PCDFs/PCDDs ratios were more than 1, likely indicating the formation of dioxins in the boilers favored by de novo synthesis. The emission factor (EF) of total PCDD/Fs averaged 5.35 ng I-TEQ kg-1 air-dry biomass (equivalent to 39.0 ng kg-1 air-dry biomass). Specifically, the mean EF was 6.94 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (52.6 ng kg-1) for biomass-pellet-fired boiler, 11.8 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (74.6 ng kg-1) for coffee-residue -fired boiler, and 0.0277 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (0.489 ng kg-1) for bagasse-fired boilers. The annual PCDD/F emission was estimated to be 208 g I-TEQ in 2020 in China, accounting for approximately 2% of the total national annual emission of PCDD/Fs. The results can be used to develop PCDD/Fs emission inventories and offer valuable insights to authorities regarding utilizing biomass in industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Li Bai
- Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jiangyong Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Liran Shen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Olli Sippula
- Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, 511443, China; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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5
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Xing Y, Zhang H, Su W, Wang Q, Yu H, Wang J, Li R, Cai C, Ma Z. The bibliometric analysis and review of dioxin in waste incineration and steel sintering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35687-35703. [PMID: 31745800 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Facing the common treatment problems of dioxin whose major sources come from waste incineration and steel sintering, we handled a massive literature dataset from the Web of Science database and analyzed the research hotspot and development trend in this field in the past 40 years by bibliometric method. The result indicates that the field of dioxins generated from waste incineration and steel sintering has entered a stage of rapid development since 1990. China occupies a leading position in terms of comprehensive strength with the largest publications output as well as a greater influence in recent years. The most productive institutions and journals are Zhejiang University and Chemosphere, respectively. In addition, the most commonly used keywords in statistical analysis are "fly ash," "emission control," "risk assessment," "congener profile," "formation mechanisms," "sources," "catalysis," and "inhibition," which reflects the current main research direction in this field. The similarities and differences of dioxins generated in waste incineration and steel sintering are reviewed in this paper, which will provide guidance for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changqing Cai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiliang Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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6
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Developmental Study of Soot-Oxidation Catalysts for Fireplaces: The Effect of Binder and Preparation Techniques on Catalyst Texture and Activity. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An awareness of increasing climate and health problems has driven the development of new functional and affordable soot-oxidation catalysts for stationary sources, such as fireplaces. In this study, Al(OH)3, water glass and acidic aluminium phosphate binder materials were mixed with soot-oxidation catalysts. The effect of the binder on the performance of the Ag/La-Al2O3 catalyst was examined, while the Pt/La-Al2O3 catalyst bound with Al(OH)3 was used as a reference. Soot was oxidised above 340 °C on the Ag/La-Al2O3 catalyst, but at 310 °C with same catalyst bound with Al(OH)3. The addition of water glass decreased the catalytic performance because large silver crystals and agglomeration resulted in a blockage of the support material’s pores. Pt/La-Al2O3 bound with Al(OH)3 was ineffective in a fireplace environment. We believe that AgOx is the active form of silver in the catalyst. Hence, Ag/La-Al2O3 was shown to be compatible with the Al(OH)3 binder as an effective catalyst for fireplace soot oxidation.
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7
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Pieber SM, Kambolis A, Ferri D, Bhattu D, Bruns EA, Elsener M, Kröcher O, Prévôt ASH, Baltensperger U. Mitigation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Log Wood Burning Emissions by Catalytic Removal of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13381-13390. [PMID: 30351026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Log wood burning is a significant source of volatile organic compounds including aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHC). ArHC are harmful, are reactive in the ambient atmosphere, and are important secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Consequently, SOA represents a major fraction of the sub-micron organic aerosol pollution from log wood burning. ArHC reduction is thus critical in the mitigation of adverse health and environmental effects of log wood burning. In this study, two Pt-based catalytic converters were prepared and tested for the mitigation of real-world log wood burning emissions, including ArHC and SOA formation, as well as toxic carbon monoxide and methane, a greenhouse gas. Substantial removal of mono- and polycyclic ArHC and phenolic compounds was achieved with both catalysts operated at realistic chimney temperatures (50% conversion was achieved at 200 and 300 °C for non-methane hydrocarbons in our experiments for Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/CeO2-Al2O3, respectively). The catalytically cleaned emissions exhibited a substantially reduced SOA formation already at temperatures as low as 185-310 °C. This reduces the sub-micron PM burden of log wood burning significantly. Thus, catalytic converters can effectively reduce primary and secondary log wood burning pollutants and, thereby, their adverse health impacts and environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Pieber
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology , 8600 Duebendorf , Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Kambolis
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Deepika Bhattu
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Emily A Bruns
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsener
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
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8
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Application of Subcritical Water to Dechlorinate Polyvinyl Chloride Electric Wires. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) electric wires were subjected to dechlorination in subcritical water at three different temperatures in a high-pressure reactor. About 2.09, 73.08, and 95.96 wt % of chlorine in PVC wires was removed during dechlorination at 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C, respectively. The solid residues were analyzed and characterized by thermogravimetry, at three different heating rates (5 °C, 10 °C, and 20 °C/min) in inert and oxidizing atmosphere. With the purpose of studying the emission of chlorinated pollutants, pyrolysis experiments at 850 °C were also performed in a laboratory-scale reactor with the dechlorinated materials, as well as with the original PVC electric wire. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation increased, but chlorobenzenes (ClBz) and chlorophenols (ClPh) formation decreased as the temperature of dechlorination increased; naphthalene was the most abundant PAH and monochlorobenzene and monochlorinated phenols (3-+4-) were the most abundant chlorinated compounds.
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9
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Effect of Sodium Chloride and Thiourea on Pollutant Formation during Combustion of Plastics. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11082014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of different samples containing a mixture of plastics (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and nylon) combined with NaCl and metal oxides (Fe2O3, CuO) was studied under an air atmosphere at 850 °C using a reactor, followed by analysis of the evolved products. Combustion runs were performed to study how the presence of such compounds influences the production of pollutants. Here, we report the analyses of the emissions of the main gases, as well as volatiles and semivolatiles, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated benzenes and phenols, and polybrominated phenols. Results show that the production of chlorinated pollutants did not increase in the presence of NaCl, but the presence of other metals during the decomposition led to the production of a great amount of pollutants. In this regard, the emission of chlorinated phenols increased from 110 to ca. 250 mg/kg when the sample included a small quantity of a transition metal oxide. Additionally, the presence of an inhibitor—thiourea (TUA)—was tested. Results confirm that adding TUA to the sample reduced these emissions to a considerable extent, with the emission of chlorinated phenols amounting to 65 mg/kg.
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Obada D, Peter M, Kulla D, Omisanya N, Atta A, Dodoo-Arhin D. Catalytic abatement of CO species from incomplete combustion of solid fuels used in domestic cooking. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00748. [PMID: 30167497 PMCID: PMC6111019 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals a first time approach to catalytic based interventions primarily on indoor air pollution emanating from commercial and household solid fuel burning in a region in Nigeria. An intensive survey of the temperatures at different locations in the common stoves used for cooking was conducted so as to ascertain temperatures suitable for catalyst efficiency and stability. Furthermore, cobalt and iron based catalysts were prepared using ultra stable Y type zeolite as supports. The synthesized catalysts were characterized for its physico-chemical properties. The catalytic efficiency of the supported catalysts was tested using simulated exhaust gases in a fix bed reactor. The study further explored real time testing of the catalyzed ceramic monolith using two different wood species. First, the best catalyst in terms of simulated exhaust testing was selected. Consequently, a small layer of zeolite Y was deposited at 3% of the monolith weight to enhance the subsequent adhesion of the best catalyst powder to the structured monolith. Then to catalyze the zeolite Y wash-coated monolith with the cobalt precursor, the dip coating technique was used. From the results, the average values of temperatures observed from the surveyed cook stoves using wood and plant residue as fuel were confirmed to be in the range of 203–425 °C which is considered suitable for catalysts activity. The Co/ZY catalyst showed approximately 100% CO conversion (T100) at 250 °C for initial CO concentration of 1000 ppm, making it the most effective, while T100 was increased to 275 °C and 325 °C for Fe/ZY and Co-Fe/ZY catalyst respectively at an exhaust residence time of 20000 h−1. The catalytic converter in real time testing for CO abatement performed well for both wood species. Only minor differences have been noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.O. Obada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Corresponding authors.
| | - M. Peter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - D.M. Kulla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - N.O. Omisanya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- National Automotive Design and Development Council, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A.Y. Atta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - D. Dodoo-Arhin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Corresponding authors.
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11
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Węgiel M, Chrząszcz R, Maślanka A, Grochowalski A. Seasonal variations of PCDD/Fs congeners in air, soil and eggs from a Polish small-scale farm. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:89-97. [PMID: 29433032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of dioxin from the environment to the food is a problem in a consumers' health protection. The study aimed to determine the concentration of dioxins in free-range chicken eggs, air and soil samples, collected during 12 months on an individual small farm, located in Małopolska region, Poland. In the majority of analyzed eggs, the concentrations of dioxin exceeded several times the legal limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ g-1fat. Seasonal changes in the PCDD/Fs congeners in egg, air and soil samples were studied. During the winter season, when the combustion processes of the solid fuel in domestic furnaces are intensive, the PM10 concentration in the Małopolska region exceeds the legal limit (50μg/m3) even eight times. In this period, eggs, air and soil samples showed a higher share of PCDFs with a specific contribution of 2,3,7,8-TCDF. During the summer months, in the egg, air and soil samples, the share of PCDDs is higher with dominant OCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDDs, showing the effect of other combustion processes such as grass utilization or burning plastic wastes in controlled fires. In August, the month of the highest average air temperature and lowest rainfall amount, the highest toxicity of PCDD/Fs in eggs (9.52pgWHO-TEQ g-1fat) was found. Due to the similarity of the shares of PCDD/Fs congeners in total WHO-TEQ value we can take into account the influence of toxicity of PCDD/Fs in the air and soil on the toxicity in the eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Węgiel
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Chrząszcz
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Adam Grochowalski
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
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12
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Soler A, Conesa JA, Iñiguez ME, Ortuño N. Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of materials combining biomass and e-waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1258-1264. [PMID: 29890593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combustion and pyrolysis runs at 850°C were carried out in a laboratory scale horizontal reactor with different materials combining biomass and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Analyses are presented of the carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated benzenes (ClBzs), polychlorinated phenols (ClPhs), polybrominated phenols (BrPhs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Results showed that gas emissions were mainly composed of CO and CO2; the high level of CO found in the pyrolytic runs was easily transformed into CO2 by reaction with oxygen. The total amount of light hydrocarbons emitted was higher in the samples containing WEEE, methane being the most abundant light hydrocarbon in all the runs. However, the presence of WEEE reduced the emission of PAHs which decreased with the increase of the oxygen. The total amount of BrPhs increased in the decomposition of the samples containing WEEE, reaching its maximum in pyrolysis runs. Emission of PCDD/Fs was enhanced in pyrolytic conditions and easily decreased in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Soler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan A Conesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - María E Iñiguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Nuria Ortuño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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Dat ND, Chang MB. Review on characteristics of PAHs in atmosphere, anthropogenic sources and control technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:682-693. [PMID: 28763665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds composed of multiple aromatic rings. PAHs are ubiquitous atmospheric pollutants which are well-recognized as carcinogenic, teratogenic and genotoxic compounds. PAHs are released from incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of materials containing carbon and hydrogen, such as coal, oil, wood and petroleum products. Understanding the characteristics of PAHs in atmosphere, source profiles and technologies available for controlling PAHs emission is essential to reduce the impacts of PAHs. This paper offers an overview on concentration and distribution of atmospheric PAHs, emission factors and distribution of PAHs in different sources, and available control technologies. Characteristics of atmospheric PAHs vary with meteorological conditions and emission sources, while characteristics of PAHs emission depend on burned material and combustion condition. Combination of some technologies may be necessary for effective removal of both low-ring and high-ring PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Duy Dat
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
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14
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Horak J, Kubonova L, Krpec K, Hopan F, Kubesa P, Motyka O, Laciok V, Dej M, Ochodek T, Placha D. PAH emissions from old and new types of domestic hot water boilers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:31-39. [PMID: 28347901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Five different domestic heating boilers (automatic, over-fire, with down-draft combustion and gasification) and three types of fuel (lignite, wood and mixed fuel) were examined in 25 combustion tests and correlated with the emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), total organic carbon (TOC) and 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs with MW = 178-278 g/mol) focusing on particle phase. However, the distribution of 12 PAHs in gas phase was considered as well due to the presence mainly of lighter PAHs in gas phase. The PAHs, as well as the CO and TOC, are the indicators of incomplete combustion, and in this study PAH emission increased significantly with increasing emissions of CO and TOC. The PAHs were mainly detected on PM2.5, their contents were increasing linearly with increasing PM2.5 emissions. The highest emission factors of PAHs were measured for boilers of old construction, such as over-fire boiler (5.8-929 mg/kg) and boiler with down-draft combustion (3.1-54.1 mg/kg). Modern types of boilers produced much lower emissions of PAHs, in particular, automatic boiler (0.3-3.3 mg/kg) and gasification boilers (0.2-6.7 mg/kg). In general, the inefficient combustion at reduced output of boilers generated 1.4-17.7 times more emissions of PAHs than the combustion at nominal output of boilers. It is recommended to operate boilers at nominal output with sufficient air supply and to use the proper fuel to minimise PAHs emissions from domestic heating appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Horak
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Kubonova
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Krpec
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hopan
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubesa
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Motyka
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Laciok
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dej
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Tadeas Ochodek
- Energy Research Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Placha
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic; Centre Energy Units for Utilization of Non Traditional Energy Sources, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
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15
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Singh D, Schifman LA, Watson-Wright C, Sotiriou GA, Oyanedel-Craver V, Wohlleben W, Demokritou P. Nanofiller Presence Enhances Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Profile on Nanoparticles Released during Thermal Decomposition of Nano-enabled Thermoplastics: Potential Environmental Health Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5222-5232. [PMID: 28397486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nano-enabled products are ultimately destined to reach end-of-life with an important fraction undergoing thermal degradation through waste incineration or accidental fires. Although previous studies have investigated the physicochemical properties of released lifecycle particulate matter (called LCPM) from thermal decomposition of nano-enabled thermoplastics, critical questions about the effect of nanofiller on the chemical composition of LCPM still persist. Here, we investigate the potential nanofiller effects on the profiles of 16 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on LCPM from thermal decomposition of nano-enabled thermoplastics. We found that nanofiller presence in thermoplastics significantly enhances not only the total PAH concentration in LCPM but most importantly also the high molecular weight (HMW, 4-6 ring) PAHs that are considerably more toxic than the low molecular weight (LMW, 2-3 ring) PAHs. This nano-specific effect was also confirmed during in vitro cellular toxicological evaluation of LCPM for the case of polyurethane thermoplastic enabled with carbon nanotubes (PU-CNT). LCPM from PU-CNT shows significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to PU which could be attributed to its higher HMW PAH concentration. These findings are crucial and make the case that nanofiller presence in thermoplastics can significantly affect the physicochemical and toxicological properties of LCPM released during thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Laura Arabella Schifman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 1 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Christa Watson-Wright
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Vinka Oyanedel-Craver
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 1 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | | | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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16
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Liu X, Ye M, Wang X, Liu W, Zhu T. Gas-phase and particle-phase PCDD/F congener distributions in the flue gas from an iron ore sintering plant. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 54:239-245. [PMID: 28391935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The activated carbon injection-circulating fluidized bed (ACI-CFB)-bag filter coupling technique was studied in an iron ore sintering plant. For comparison, the removal efficiencies under the conditions without or with ACI technology were both evaluated. It was found that the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) removal efficiency for total international toxic equivalence quantity (I-TEQ) concentration was improved from 91.61% to 97.36% when ACI was employed, revealing that ACI was very conducive to further controlling the PCDD/F emissions. Detailed congener distributions of PCDD/Fs in the gas-phase and particle-phase of the Inlet and Outlet samples were determined. Additionally, the PCDD/F distribution for the Fly ash-with ACI sample of was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Meng Ye
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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17
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Matthes M, Hartmann I. Improvement of Efficiency and Emissions from Wood Log Stoves by Retrofit Solutions. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Garrido MA, Font R, Conesa JA. Pollutant emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of viscoelastic memory foam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:183-194. [PMID: 27802887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermal degradation of viscoelastic memory foam (VMF) in a horizontal laboratory scale reactor has been studied. Pyrolysis and combustion experiments under sub-stoichiometric conditions were performed at four different temperatures (550°C, 650°C, 750°C and 850°C) for the determination of pollutants. Analyses of gas and semivolatile compounds, including polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) are shown. From the results, it was deduced that pyrolytic conditions favor the formation of PAHs, methane, ethylene, NH3 and dl-PCBs, whereas the presence of oxygen involves a higher emission of PCDD/Fs and simple N-containing compounds such as NO and HCN. The toxic levels calculated for PAHs, PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in all cases were low confirming that the incineration of VMF mattress waste could be a good option for waste management. Nevertheless, relatively high emissions of NO, NH3 and HCN were obtained and their reduction must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Garrido
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Rafael Font
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan A Conesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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19
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Johnston O, Johnston F, Todd J, Williamson G. Community-Wide Distribution of a Catalytic Device to Reduce Winter Ambient Fine Particulate Matter from Residential Wood Combustion: A Field Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166677. [PMID: 27902719 PMCID: PMC5130217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Residential wood combustion is the main source of elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter in many towns of Tasmania, Australia. A commercially available firebox catalyst in Australia has previously been shown to reduce visible smoke emissions and the manufacturer reports reductions in particle emissions generated from individual wood heaters in laboratory settings. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for community-wide distribution of the catalyst to improve the ambient winter air quality in the field. The study was set in four rural towns in northern Tasmania with similar topography, population size, and proportion of houses using wood heaters for space heating. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations and meteorological conditions were monitored in all locations by fixed stations from May-September, 2013 and 2014. In June 2014, residents of one town, Perth, were offered a free catalyst for placement in their fireboxes. A general linear model evaluated the impact of the intervention using an indicator variable adjusted for hourly conditions of weather. Almost 80% of wood heater owners in Perth accepted a catalytic device. However, no significant changes in ambient PM2.5 concentrations were associated with the catalyst trial. Future community-level research should address maintenance of the catalyst in the firebox, and the adequacy of conditions that facilitate catalysed combustion in individual heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Johnston
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Fay Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia
| | - John Todd
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Grant Williamson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
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20
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Zhang D, Liu J, Yin P, Lin X, Liu N, Meng X. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Coast of Weihai, China: Spatial distribution, sources and ecotoxicological risks. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:643-649. [PMID: 27236234 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to measure the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and evaluate the distribution, sources in surface sediments from various coastal sites in Weihai, which create good conditions for rapid development because of their excellent geographical location and abundant marine resources. The results indicated that the total PAHs contents in the sediments of Weihai ranged from 2.69 to 166.50ngg(-1), with an average of 67.44ngg(-1). Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Chrysene, and Pyrene were dominant in sediments, primarily as a result of high temperature combustion and biomass. Molecular ratios suggested that these PAHs in the sediments of Weihai were predominantly from pyrogenic sources such as grass, wood and charcoal combustion, as well as engine exhaust which is similar to the result of the study of the Yellow River Delta, China. The result of probability risk assessment additionally elucidated low PAH ecological risk in the surface sediments of Weihai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolai Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinqing Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuehui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- First Institute Oceanography of SOA, Qingdao 266100, China.
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21
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Zhang D, Liu J, Jiang X, Cao K, Yin P, Zhang X. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface sediments from the Luan River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:223-229. [PMID: 26616744 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, sources and risk assessment of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of surface sediments in the Luan River Estuary, China, have been investigated in the research. The results indicated that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs in surface sediments of the Luan River Estuary ranged from 5.1 to 545.1 ng g(-1)dw with a mean value of 120.8 ng g(-1)dw, which is relatively low in comparison with other estuaries around the world. The PAHs in the study area were mainly originated from pyrogenic sources. Besides, PAHs may be contaminated by petrogenic PAHs as indicated by the selected ratios of PAHs, the 2-tailed Pearson correlation analysis and principal components analysis at different sites. The result of the ecological risk assessment shows little negative effect for most individual PAHs in surface sediments of the Luan River Estuary, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolai Zhang
- College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jinqing Liu
- College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xunhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
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22
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Mukherjee A, Debnath B, Ghosh SK. A Review on Technologies of Removal of Dioxins and Furans from Incinerator Flue Gas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Dopico M, Gómez A. Review of the current state and main sources of dioxins around the world. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2015; 65:1033-1049. [PMID: 26068294 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1058869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a group of dangerous compounds, emitted mostly from anthropogenic sources, that have negative effects on human health. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze the emission patterns of dioxins proceeding from different sources around the world, to observe the actual trend of the transmission of dioxins and furans into the atmosphere.For that reason, the main objective of the present document is to provide a general assessment about the dioxin problematic, analyzing the main parameters that influence the ambient concentration of dioxins worldwide, and describing the most characteristic features of the fingerprint from different sources, while making emphasis in the importance that non-industrial sources are gaining over the last years in front of the decreasing tendency of industrial sources. The description of the most important abatement technologies for dioxins is also included in this review. IMPLICATIONS Given the negative effects of dioxins in human health, it is important to depict and locate the main sources of these dangerous compounds. Emissions proceeding from industrial facilities have decreased over the last years; however, other zones where nonindustrial sources used to be relevant contributors do not show the same decreasing tendency because it is more difficult to control this type of emissions. For that reason, future studies should focus on measuring and regulating this highly uncontrolled source of dioxins.
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Liu X, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu T. Simultaneous removal of PCDD/Fs and NOx from the flue gas of a municipal solid waste incinerator with a pilot plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 133:90-96. [PMID: 25951617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The pilot-scale plant on the simultaneous removal of PCDD/Fs and NOx from the flue gas of a municipal solid waste incinerator is presented. In order to research the influence of temperature on the catalytic decomposition of PCDD/Fs and the selective catalytic reduction of NOx, the experiments were performed at 220 °C, 260 °C, and 300 °C, and the congener profiles of PCDD/Fs for the samples collected at the inlet and outlet were illustrated. Noteworthy, the detailed congener distributions of PCDD/Fs in the gas-phase and particle-phase of the inlet and 300-outlet (decomposition temperature = 300 °C) samples are presented, and the removal efficiencies η(g-I-TEQ) and η(p-I-TEQ) reached to 94.94% and 99.67%, respectively. The effect of the SCR process on the removal of PCDD/Fs was also studied at a relatively low temperature of 220 °C. Additionally, the NOx emissions and the SCR efficiencies were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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