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Patel V, Das E, Bhargava A, Deshmukh S, Modi A, Srivastava R. Ionogels for flexible conductive substrates and their application in biosensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127736. [PMID: 38183203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Ionogels are highly conductive gels made from ionic liquids dispersed in a matrix made of organic or inorganic materials. Ionogels are known for high ionic conductivity, flexibility, high thermal and electrochemical stability. These characteristics make them suitable for sensing and biosensing applications. This review discusses about the two main constituents, ionic liquids and matrix, used to make ionogels and effect of these materials on the characteristics of ionogels. Here, the material properties like mechanical, electrochemical and stability are discussed for both polymer matrix and ionic liquid. We have briefly described about the fabrication methods like 3D printing, sol-gel, blade coating, spin coating, aerosol jet printing etc., used to make films or coating of these ionogels. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also briefly summarized. Finally, the last section provides a few examples of application of flexible ionogels in areas like wearables, human-machine interface, electronic skin and detection of biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Eatu Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Ameesha Bhargava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Sharvari Deshmukh
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research, MIT ADT University, Loni Kalbhor, Pune 412201, India
| | - Anam Modi
- G.N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India.
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García MT, Bautista E, de la Fuente A, Pérez L. Cholinium-Based Ionic Liquids as Promising Antimicrobial Agents in Pharmaceutical Applications: Surface Activity, Antibacterial Activity and Ecotoxicological Profile. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1806. [PMID: 37513993 PMCID: PMC10385515 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinium-based ionic liquids are compounds increasingly studied in pharmaceutics and biomedicine to enhance bioavailability in drug delivery systems and as bioactive ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. However, their potential as antimicrobial agents has scarcely been investigated. Herein, we explored the antimicrobial activity of a series of surface-active cholinium-based ionic liquids (Chol-ILs). For this purpose, Chol-ILs with alkyl chains of 10-16 carbon atoms were synthesized and their self-assembly in aqueous medium was investigated. Subsequently, their antimicrobial activity against a panel of clinically relevant bacteria and their ability to eradicate MRSA and P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms was evaluated. Finally, we analyzed the ecotoxicological profile of Chol-ILs in terms of susceptibility to aerobic biodegradation and acute aquatic toxicity against D. magna and V. fisheri. Our results reveal that cholinium-based ILs with alkyl chain lengths ≥12 C show a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Their antimicrobial efficacy depends on their hydrophobicity, with the C14-C16 homologs being the most effective compounds. These ILs exhibit antimicrobial activity similar to that of imidazolium ILs and quaternary ammonium antiseptics. Moreover, the longer alkyl chain Chol-ILs are able to eradicate established biofilms at concentrations as low as 16-32 µg/mL. The biodegradation rate of cholinium-based ILs decreases with alkyl chain elongation. Our results reinforce the suitability of Chol-ILs as promising multifunctional compounds for application in pharmaceutical and biomedical formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa García
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Bautista
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de la Fuente
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Pérez
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Kapitanov IV, Sudheer SM, Yadav T, Ghosh KK, Gathergood N, Gupta VK, Karpichev Y. Sustainable Phenylalanine-Derived SAILs for Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104185. [PMID: 37241924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The solubilization capacity of a series of sustainable phenylalanine-derived surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) was evaluated towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene. The key physico-chemical parameters of the studied systems (critical micelle concentration, spectral properties, solubilization parameters) were determined, analyzed and compared with conventional cationic surfactant, CTABr. For all studied PAH solubilization capacity increases with extension of alkyl chain length of PyPheOCn SAILs reaching the values comparable to CTABr for SAILs with n = 10-12. A remarkable advantage of the phenylalanine-derived SAILs PyPheOCn and PyPheNHCn is a possibility to cleave enzymatically ester and/or amide bonds under mild conditions, to separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in situ. A series of immobilized enzymes was tested to determine the most suitable candidates for tunable decomposition of SAILs. The decomposition pathway could be adjusted depending on the choice of the enzyme system, reaction conditions, and selection of SAILs type. The evaluated systems can provide selective cleavage of the ester and amide bond and help to choose the optimal decomposition method of SAILs for enzymatic recycling of SAILs transformation products or as a pretreatment towards biological mineralization. The concept of a possible practical application of studied systems for PAHs solubilization/separation was also discussed focusing on sustainability and a green chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illia V Kapitanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Surya M Sudheer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toshikee Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 92010, India
| | - Kallol K Ghosh
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 92010, India
| | - Nicholas Gathergood
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, UK
| | - Yevgen Karpichev
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Fan X, Liu S, Jia Z, Koh JJ, Yeo JCC, Wang CG, Surat'man NE, Loh XJ, Le Bideau J, He C, Li Z, Loh TP. Ionogels: recent advances in design, material properties and emerging biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2497-2527. [PMID: 36928878 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL)-based gels (ionogels) have received considerable attention due to their unique advantages in ionic conductivity and their biphasic liquid-solid phase property. In ionogels, the negligibly volatile ionic liquid is retained in the interconnected 3D pore structure. On the basis of these physical features as well as the chemical properties of well-chosen ILs, there is emerging interest in the anti-bacterial and biocompatibility aspects. In this review, the recent achievements of ionogels for biomedical applications are summarized and discussed. Following a brief introduction of the various types of ILs and their key physicochemical and biological properties, the design strategies and fabrication methods of ionogels are presented by means of different confining networks. These sophisticated ionogels with diverse functions, aimed at biomedical applications, are further classified into several active domains, including wearable strain sensors, therapeutic delivery systems, wound healing and biochemical detections. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies for the design of future ionogels by integrating materials science with a biological interface are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Fan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - J Justin Koh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jayven Chee Chuan Yeo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chen-Gang Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Nayli Erdeanna Surat'man
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Toxicity of ionic liquids in marine and freshwater microorganisms and invertebrates: state of the art. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39288-39318. [PMID: 36745344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The variety of applications and expected growth in ionic liquid production are raising concerns about the release of these compounds into aquatic systems. Up to date, 103 studies have provided ecotoxicological data regarding the exposure effects of Ionic Liquids towards aquatic microorganisms and invertebrate species: 61 were devoted to freshwater species (n = 28), while marine species (n = 12) were mentioned in 42. The aim of this review, by gathering published studies on ionic liquids and model aquatic organisms, was to present the toxic effects described in distinct species and to understand which are the main factors influencing the toxicity of some ionic liquids. In accordance with the most recognized pattern, freshwater species were featured in a higher number of publications than marine ones. After literature analysis, algal species were the most represented organisms in aquatic toxicity assessments. Among tested compounds, the imidazolium cations in combination with long alkyl-chain anions, showed to be the most toxic one. In analytical terms, it is not straightforward to find the undissociated compound in a natural compartment, as ionic liquids are composed of ionic components, easily subjected to dissociation. Given the aforementioned, the present review paper points out the need of increasing the number of organisms being assessed in ionic liquids toxicity assays, in order to start defining monitoring procedures. Moreover, such would allow a better understanding of ionic liquids contamination status and, also, the opportunity to remark the effectiveness of new in silico methods for the ecotoxicity assessment of this kind of substances.
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Reddy AB, Pilkington GA, Rutland MW, Glavatskih S. Tribotronic control of an ionic boundary layer in operando extends the limits of lubrication. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20479. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of electric potential on the lubrication of a non-halogenated phosphonium orthoborate ionic liquid used as an additive in a biodegradable oil was studied. An in-house tribotronic system was built around an instrument designed to measure lubricant film thickness between a rolling steel ball and a rotating silica-coated glass disc. The application of an electric field between the steel ball and a set of customized counter-electrodes clearly induced changes in the thickness of the lubricant film: a marked decrease at negative potentials and an increase at positive potentials. Complementary neutron reflectivity studies demonstrated the intrinsic electroresponsivity of the adsorbate: this was performed on a gold-coated silicon block and made possible in the same lubricant system by deuterating the oil. The results indicate that the anions, acting as anchors for the adsorbed film on the steel surface, are instrumental in the formation of thick and robust lubricating ionic boundary films. The application of a high positive potential, outside the electrochemical window, resulted in an enormous boost to film thickness, implicating the formation of ionic multi-layers and demonstrating the plausibility of remote control of failing contacts in inaccessible machinery, such as offshore wind and wave power installations.
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Livi S, Baudoux J, Gérard JF, Duchet-Rumeau J. Ionic Liquids: A Versatile Platform for the Design of a Multifunctional Epoxy Networks 2.0 Generation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Jorabchi MN, Abbaspour M, Goharshadi EK, Wohlrab S. Ag, Au, Pt, and Au-Pt nanoclusters in [N1114][C1SO3] ionic liquid: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Khatri PK, Sadanandan AM, Thakre GD, Jain SL, Singh R, Gupta P. Tribo-performance of the ionic liquids derived from dicarboxylic acids as lubricant additives for reducing wear and friction. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Amsel AK, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. Inventory of biodegradation data of ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134385. [PMID: 35337825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly of interest for environmentally open applications. Therefore, completely mineralising ILs are highly desirable. We reviewed the current state of knowledge on ILs' environmental biodegradability and identified research needs. Literature data were evaluated as for applied standard methods (e.g. OECD, ISO, APHA) for biodegradation of ILs in order to get an overview on the validity of the test results received and ILs' biodegradability. 109 studies were evaluated. The ILs were categorised based on the cation's core structure. The biodegradation data was classified according to a traffic light system (red: 0-19% degradation, amber: 20-59% degradation, green: ≥ 60% degradation). Not all studies could be assessed for compliance with the test guidelines due to missing test parameters. Moreover, no study discussed all validation criteria as defined by the test guidelines. Consequently, the reliability and quality of the existing biodegradation data is restrained. With regard to the different cations classified for ≥ 60% biodegradability, phosphonium ILs are the least biodegradable, followed by imidazolium ones. The most ILs that were biodegradable are cholinium ILs. The results indicate the need for more and qualitatively better testing according to standard methods including application and reporting of all validation criteria in order to get reliable data that enables the comparison of the test data and a comprehensive understanding of ILs' biodegradability. Moreover, reliable data allows the selection of sufficiently environmentally biodegradable ILs if an introduction into the environment during use cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Amsel
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany; Research and Education Hub, International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Centre (ISC(3)), Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany; Research and Education Hub, International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Centre (ISC(3)), Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
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Chen Y, Yu D, Liu Z, Xue Z, Mu T. Thermal, chemical, electrochemical, radiolytic and biological stability of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are regarded as two kinds of novel solvents with high tunability and they exist in liquid-state for a wide range of temperature....
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Beil S, Markiewicz M, Pereira CS, Stepnowski P, Thöming J, Stolte S. Toward the Proactive Design of Sustainable Chemicals: Ionic Liquids as a Prime Example. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13132-13173. [PMID: 34523909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The tailorable and often unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs) drive their implementation into a broad variety of seminal technologies. The modular design of ILs allows in this context a proactive selection of structures that favor environmental sustainability─ideally without compromising their technological performance. To achieve this objective, the whole life cycle must be taken into account and various aspects considered simultaneously. In this review, we discuss how the structural design of ILs affects their environmental impacts throughout all stages of their life cycles and scrutinize the available data in order to point out knowledge gaps that need further research activities. The design of more sustainable ILs starts with the selection of the most beneficial precursors and synthesis routes, takes their technical properties and application specific performance into due account, and considers its environmental fate particularly in terms of their (eco)toxicity, biotic and abiotic degradability, mobility, and bioaccumulation potential. Special emphasis is placed on reported structure-activity relationships and suggested mechanisms on a molecular level that might rationalize the empirically found design criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Beil
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Markiewicz
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Cho CW, Pham TPT, Zhao Y, Stolte S, Yun YS. Review of the toxic effects of ionic liquids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147309. [PMID: 33975102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interest in ionic liquids (ILs), called green or designer solvents, has been increasing because of their excellent properties such as thermal stability and low vapor pressure; thus, they can replace harmful organic chemicals and help several industrial fields e.g., energy-storage materials production and biomaterial pretreatment. However, the claim that ILs are green solvents should be carefully considered from an environmental perspective. ILs, given their minimal vapor pressure, may not directly cause atmospheric pollution. However, they have the potential to cause adverse effects if leaked into the environment, for instance if they are spilled due to human mistakes or technical errors. To estimate the risks of ILs, numerous ILs have had their toxicity assessed toward several micro- and macro-organisms over the past few decades. Since the toxic effects of ILs depend on the method of estimating toxicity, it is necessary to briefly summarize and comprehensively discuss the biological effects of ILs according to their structure and toxicity testing levels. This can help simplify our understanding of the toxicity of ILs. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the key findings of toxicological information of ILs, collect some toxicity data of ILs to different species, and explain the influence of IL structure on their toxic properties. In the discussion, we estimated two different sensitivity values of toxicity testing levels depending on the experiment condition, which are theoretical magnitudes of the inherent sensitivity of toxicity testing levels in various conditions and their changes in biological response according to the change in IL structure. Finally, some perspectives, future research directions, and limitations to toxicological research of ILs, presented so far, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Thi Phuong Thuy Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, HoChiMihn University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrosciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea.
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15
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Guo J, Cao G, Ren Q, Xu H, Ren X, Jia H, Hua L, Wei T, Yu S. Effects of ionic liquid [N 4444] AOT on rice seedling growth cytomembrane damage and rhizobacteria resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13487-13494. [PMID: 33184785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are solvents composed of ions, containing a large asymmetric cation with an anion. With increasing and widespread applications, the toxic effects of ILs have been considerable in recent years. This study explained the effects of the new functional ionic liquids [N4444] bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfonyl succinate (AOT) on rice seedling and the growth of rhizobacteria. The rice seeds pretreated by [N4444] AOT revealed that it exhibited a significant negative impact on rice seedlings. The inhibition of rice growth increased with increasing concentration. When the concentration of [N4444] AOT increased to 0.25 and 0.5 mL L-1, the germination potential decreased by 40.0% and 86.3%, respectively, compared with the control. The germination potential and germination rate of rice were reduced, and the stress effect of ionic liquid on the root parts was higher than the aerial parts. The biomass of rice seedlings was decreased by 34.8 to 91.2%. Iodinic propane staining showed that by increasing concentration, the root cell cytomembrane damage level was increased and also changed the cell shapes, especially under 0.25 mg L-1 concentration stress. However, rhizobacteria of rice showed strong [N4444] AOT-resistant characteristics when the concentration was reached to 120 mg L-1. The ILs even more promoted the growth of Enterobacter sp. NP1142 and Pantoea sp. BR23. It was indicated that IL [N4444] AOT can be degraded easily by rhizobacteria to eliminate the eco-risk of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Geng Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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Fajardo C, Blánquez A, Domínguez G, Borrero-López AM, Valencia C, Hernández M, Arias ME, Rodríguez J. Assessment of Sustainability of Bio Treated Lignocellulose-Based Oleogels. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020267. [PMID: 33467395 PMCID: PMC7829808 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biological strategies to obtain new high-added value biopolymers from lignocellulosic biomass is a current challenge for scientific community. This study evaluates the biodegradability and ecotoxicity of new formulated oleogels obtained from fermented agricultural residues with Streptomyces, previously reported to show improved rheological and tribological characteristics compared to commercial mineral lubricants. Both new oleogels exhibited higher biodegradation rates than the commercial grease. Classical ecotoxicological bioassays using eukaryotic organisms (Lactuca sativa, Caenorhabditis elegans) showed that the toxic impact of the produced bio-lubricants was almost negligible and comparable to the commercial grease for the target organisms. In addition, high throughput molecular techniques using emerging next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies (NGS) were applied to study the structural changes of lubricant-exposed microbial populations of a standard soil. Results obtained showed that disposal of biomass-based lubricants in the soil environment did not substantially modify the structure and phylogenetic composition of the microbiome. These findings point out the feasibility and sustainability, in terms of biodegradability and eco-safety, of the new bio-lubricants in comparison with commercial mineral greases. This technology entails a promising biological strategy to replace fossil and non-renewable raw materials as well as to obtain useful biopolymers from agricultural residues with potential for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fajardo
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-885-46-76
| | - Alba Blánquez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Gabriela Domínguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Antonio M. Borrero-López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (C.V.)
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (C.V.)
| | - Manuel Hernández
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - María E. Arias
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Juana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.B.); (G.D.); (M.H.); (M.E.A.); (J.R.)
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17
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Jacob RS, Araújo CVM, Santos LVDS, Moreira VR, Lebron YAR, Lange LC. The environmental risks of pharmaceuticals beyond traditional toxic effects: Chemical differences that can repel or entrap aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115902. [PMID: 33160736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the risks of four different pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs; diazepam, metformin, omeprazole and simvastatin). Acute and chronic toxicities were studied using the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri and the microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; while the repellency and attractiveness were assessed by avoidance tests with juvenile Cypirinus carpio using a multi-compartmented exposure system. Omeprazole was found to be an acutely toxic drug (EC50: 0.015 mg/L), while the other PhACs, except simvastatin, showed some chronic toxicity. Regarding avoidance, simvastatin and omeprazole induced an escape response for 50% of the fish population at 0.032 and 0.144 mg/L, respectively; contrarily, diazepam was attractive, even at lethal concentrations, representing a dangerous trap for organisms. The toxicity of the PhACs seemed not to be directly related to their repellency; and the mode of action seems to determine the repellency or attractiveness of the chemicals. Contamination by PhACs is of concern due to the environmental disturbance they might cause, either due to their acute and chronic toxicity (at the individual level), repellency (at the ecosystem level: loss of local biodiversity) or attraction to potentially lethal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sampaio Jacob
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil; Civil Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, ZIP 30.535-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC). Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department - Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, ZIP 30.535-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Liséte Celina Lange
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
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18
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Maculewicz J, Świacka K, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Stolte S, Dołżonek J. In vitro methods for predicting the bioconcentration of xenobiotics in aquatic organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140261. [PMID: 32758962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of anthropogenic chemical substances in aquatic organisms is an immensely important issue from the point of view of environmental protection. In the context of the increasing number and variety of compounds that may potentially enter the environment, there is a need for efficient and reliable solutions to assess the risks. However, the classic approach of testing with fish or other animals is not sufficient. Due to very high costs, significant time and labour intensity, as well as ethical concerns, in vivo methods need to be replaced by new laboratory-based tools. So far, many models have been developed to estimate the bioconcentration potential of chemicals. However, most of them are not sufficiently reliable and their predictions are based on limited input data, often obtained with doubtful quality. The octanol-water partition coefficient is still often used as the main laboratory tool for estimating bioconcentration. However, according to current knowledge, this method can lead to very unreliable results, both for neutral species and, above all, for ionic compounds. It is therefore essential to start using new, more advanced and credible solutions on a large scale. Over the last years, many in vitro methods have been newly developed or improved, allowing for a much more adequate estimation of the bioconcentration potential. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the most recent laboratory methods for assessing the bioconcentration potential and to evaluate their applicability in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrosciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Kontham V, Padmaja KV, Madhu D. Synthesis of ricinoleate anion based ionic liquids and their application as green lubricating oil additives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Yu M, Liu C, Zhao H, Yang Y, Sun J. The effects of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on embryonic development and reproduction in Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110137. [PMID: 31901815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are acknowledged as green chemicals and favorable substitutes for volatile organic solvents, which are currently used. However, previous studies have shown that these compounds had toxicological impacts on aquatic organisms. To investigate the effects of 1-hexyl-3- methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid ([C6mim]Br) on embryonic development and reproduction in water flea (Daphnia magna), a series of exposure experiments were conducted, including acute toxicity, maternal exposure, and chronic exposure tests. In acute toxicity experiment, D. magna neonates exhibited developmental abnormalities in the shell spine and the second antennae in a concentration-dependent manner after exposure to [C6mim]Br. The results in maternal exposure test also revealed a certain embryo-toxicity in response to [C6mim]Br in D. magna. However, the toxicity was lower than that conveyed by direct acute exposure, this indicated that the IL could act directly on organism. During the 21 days chronic exposure, the 1.6 mg/L exposure caused marked drop in the survival, molts and the number of the first brood of D. magna. Meanwhile, the total number of offspring was significantly declined in 1.6 mg/L concentration treatment groups, whereas increased in 0.2 mg/L groups. Generally, abnormalities in the offspring were significantly increased across all of the treatment groups in contrast to the control. No effect on sex differentiation was found during the experiments. These findings suggested that [C6mim]Br could affect embryonic development and reproduction in D. magna, and provided references for further study on the mechanisms underlying toxicological effects of ILs and the assessment of their potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Chuanhu Liu
- Teacher Development Center, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Honghao Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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21
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Habibul N, Ilmurat M, Habibul Z, Hu Y, Ma X. Uptake and accumulation of imidazolium ionic liquids in rice seedlings: Impacts of alkyl chain length. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125228. [PMID: 31677507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and accumulation of three imidazolium ionic liquids with different alkyl chain lengths ([C2min]Br, [C4min]Br, [C8min]Br) in rice seedlings were investigated. All three different ILs were primarily accumulated in roots, while only a little amount of ILs were translocated and accumulated in stems and leaves. Accumulation and transportation of ILs in rice depend on the concentration and the alkyl chain length of ILs. ILs contents in the roots, stems and leaves decreased as ILs alkyl chain length increased. Growth inhibition results showed that the toxic effects of ILs on rice growth depends on the alkyl chain length: [C8min]Br >[C4min]Br >[C2min]Br. As markers of defense and phytotoxicity, the plant antioxidant enzymes and biochemical stress responses were also assessed. All different ILs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and dismutase (SOD) activities in rice tissue. Compared to the control group, the contents of chlorophyll a reduced by 59.56%, 62.28% and 69.74% after addition of [C2min]Br, [C4min]Br, and [C8min]Br, respectively. This study provides important information for a better understanding on the uptake and accumulation of imidazolium ILs by agricultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzahat Habibul
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Mihriban Ilmurat
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Zumrat Habibul
- Changji Vocational and Technical College, Changji, 831100, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
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22
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Abramenko N, Kustov L, Metelytsia L, Kovalishyn V, Tetko I, Peijnenburg W. A review of recent advances towards the development of QSAR models for toxicity assessment of ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121429. [PMID: 31732345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Abramenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Russia; N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Kustov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Russia; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larysa Metelytsia
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalishyn
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Tetko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Structural Biology, BIGCHEM GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, b. 60w, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and Products, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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23
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Mena IF, Diaz E, Palomar J, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Cation and anion effect on the biodegradability and toxicity of imidazolium- and choline-based ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124947. [PMID: 31568943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the effect of the cation and anion on the biodegradability and inhibition of imidazolium- and choline-based ionic liquids (ILs) using activated sludge. Six commercial ILs, formed by combination of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmim+) and N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium (Choline+) cations and chloride (Cl-), acetate (Ac-) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2-) anions were evaluated, all representative counter-ions with markedly different toxicity and biodegradability. Inherent and fast biodegradability tests were used to evaluate both the microorganism inhibition and the IL biodegradability. In addition, the ecotoxicological response (EC50) of the ILs was studied using activated sludge and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® test). Bmim+ and NTf2- can be considered as non-biodegradable, whereas aerobic microorganisms easily degraded Choline+ and Ac-. The biodegradation pattern of each cation/anion is nearly unaffected by counter-ion nature. Moreover, concentrations of CholineNTf2 higher than 50 mg/L caused a partial inhibition on microbial activity, in good concordance with its low EC50 (54 mg/L) measured by respiration inhibition test, which alerts on the negative environmental impact of NTf2-containing ILs on the performance of sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Mena
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Palomar
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Gomez-Herrero E, Tobajas M, Polo A, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Toxicity and inhibition assessment of ionic liquids by activated sludge. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109836. [PMID: 31675504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of 13 ionic liquids (ILs) corresponding to different families were studied by inhibition respiration assays (15 min) using activated sludge. Toxicity increased as increasing the number of carbons in the alkyl-chain of imidazolium-based ILs, with EC50 values from 4.19 to 0.17 for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim][Cl]), respectively. An increase in toxicity was observed for aromatic-based ILs (pyridinium- and imidazolium-based ILs) due to the hydrophobic character of the head groups in comparison with linear structures as phosphonium and ammonium cations. Among to the anions studied fixing [Emim]+ as cation, [HSO4]- and [NTf2]- presented low EC50 values (0.34 mM and 1.69 mM, respectively) while [Cl]- and [EtSO4]- were considered harmless anions due to the hydrophilic character of chloride and the organic nature of [EtSO4]-. ILs toxicity/inhibition was determined by adding a biodegradable compound and measuring the sludge response after being in contact with the ILs for at least 15 h. The exposure of sewage sludge to ILs for more than 15 min used in short inhibition assays caused more toxic effect on microorganisms, even for [Choline][NTf2], previously defined as practically harmless (EC50 = 2.79 mM). Biodegradability assays confirmed the biodegradable nature of choline cation, related with TOC conversion of 40%, only due to cation consumption. No oxygen consumption or even lysis of microbial cells was observed for Tetrabutylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and for 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulphate due to the presence of anions previously defined as hazardous ([NTf2]- and [HSO4]-), maintaining their recalcitrant character to sewage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gomez-Herrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Tobajas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Polo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Rivera N, Blanco D, Viesca J, Fernández-González A, González R, Battez AH. Tribological performance of three fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids (FAILs) used as lubricant additive. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Rivera N, García A, Fernández-González A, Blanco D, González R, Battez AH. Tribological behavior of three fatty acid ionic liquids in the lubrication of different material pairs. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Integrative Assessment of Mixture Toxicity of Three Ionic Liquids on Acetylcholinesterase Using a Progressive Approach from 1D Point, 2D Curve, to 3D Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215330. [PMID: 31717775 PMCID: PMC6862499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The joint toxicities of [BMIM]BF4, [BMIM]PF6, and [HMIM]BF4 on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were systematically investigated by using a progressive approach from 1D single effect point, 2D concentration-response curve (CRC), to 3D equivalent-surface (ES) level. The equipartition equivalent-surface design (EESD) method was used to design 10 ternary mixtures, and the direct equipartition ray (EquRay) design was used to design 15 binary mixtures. The toxicities of ionic liquids (ILs) and their mixtures were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis (MTA) method. The concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), and co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) were used as the additive reference model to analyze the toxic interaction of these mixtures. The results showed that the Weibull function fitted well the CRCs of the three ILs and their mixtures with the coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) less than 0.04. According to the CTC integrated with confidence interval (CI) method (CTCICI) developed in this study, the 25 mixtures were almost all additive action at 20% and 80% effect point levels. At 50% effect, at least half of the 25 mixtures were slightly synergistic action, and the remaining mixtures were additive action. Furthermore, the ESs and CRCs predicted by CA and IA were all within the CIs of mixture observed ESs and CRCs, respectively. Therefore, the toxic interactions of these 25 mixtures were actually additive action. The joint toxicity of the three ILs can be effectively evaluated by the ES method. We also studied the relationship between the mixture toxicities and component concentration proportions. This study can provide reference data for IL risk assessment of combined pollution.
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Ecotoxicity evaluation towards Vibrio fischeri of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids for their use in separation processes. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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29
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Fan H, Jin M, Wang H, Xu Q, Xu L, Wang C, Du S, Liu H. Effect of differently methyl-substituted ionic liquids on Scenedesmus obliquus growth, photosynthesis, respiration, and ultrastructure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:155-165. [PMID: 30995569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding the ecotoxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) owing to their wide usage in numerous fields. Three imidazolium chloride ILs with different numbers of methyl substituents, 1-decyl-imidazolium chloride ([C10IM]Cl), 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C10MIM]Cl), and 1-decyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride ([C10DMIM]Cl), were examined to assess their effects on growth, photosynthesis pigments content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic and respiration rate, and cellular ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus. The results showed that algal growth was significantly inhibited by ILs treatments. The observed IC50,48h doses were 0.10 mg/L [C10IM]Cl, 0.01 mg/L [C10MIM]Cl, and 0.02 mg/L [C10DMIM]Cl. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content declined, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, minimal fluorescence yield (F0), maximal fluorescence yield (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)], non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and non-photosynthetic losses yield [Y(NO)] were notably affected by ILs in a dose-dependent manner. ILs affected the primary photosynthetic reaction, impaired heat dissipation capability, and diminished photosynthetic efficiency, indicating negative effects on photosystem II. The photosynthetic and respiration rates of algal cells were also reduced due to the ILs treatments. The adverse effects of ILs on plasmolysis and chloroplast deformation were examined using ultrastructural analyses; chloroplast swelling and lamellar structure almost disappeared after the [C10MIM]Cl treatment, and an increased number of starch grains and vacuoles was observed after all ILs treatments. The results indicated that one-methyl-substituted ILs were more toxic than non-methyl-substituted ILs, which were also more toxic than di-methyl-substituted ILs. The toxicity of the examined ILs showed the following order: [C10IM]Cl < [C10DMIM]Cl ≤ [C10MIM]Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Mingkang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Qianru Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Chenxuanzi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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Battez AH, Rivera N, Blanco D, Oulego P, Viesca J, González R. Physicochemical, traction and tribofilm formation properties of three octanoate-, laurate- and palmitate-anion based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Belchior DCV, Almeida MR, Sintra TE, Ventura SPM, Duarte IF, Freire MG. Odd–Even Effect in the Formation and Extraction Performance of Ionic-Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. V. Belchior
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mafalda R. Almeida
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia E. Sintra
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iola F. Duarte
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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32
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Gomes JM, Silva SS, Reis RL. Biocompatible ionic liquids: fundamental behaviours and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4317-4335. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bio- and eco-friendly nature of biocompatible ionic liquids contributes to their widespread use in a wide range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Guimarães
- Portugal
| | - Simone S. Silva
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Guimarães
- Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Guimarães
- Portugal
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33
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Environmental properties of phosphonium, imidazolium and ammonium cation-based ionic liquids as potential lubricant additives. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Diaz E, Monsalvo VM, Lopez J, Mena IF, Palomar J, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Assessment the ecotoxicity and inhibition of imidazolium ionic liquids by respiration inhibition assays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:29-34. [PMID: 29960119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicity and inhibition of 12 imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with alkyl chain from C4 to C10 and chloride (Cl-), tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2-) anions have been studied by means of respiration inhibition assays using activated sludge collected from a wastewater treatment plant. This test represents an alternative easy, economic and quick way to evaluate the true impact of ILs on activated sludge-based wastewater treatment. For comparison purposes, the EC50 values were also determined by the Microtox test (Vibrio fischeri). It was observed that this widely used microbial test overestimates the effect of the ILs on biological wastewater treatment facilities, especially in the case of ILs with lower ecotoxicity. The results of the biological tests showed that the alkyl chain length plays a crucial role in the ecotoxicity of ILs. A significant increase of the toxicity with the length of the n-alkyl chain was found. Regarding to the impact of the anion, the ecotoxicity measured by respiration inhibition assays follows the order NTf2- > Cl- > BF4-, being the anion effect higher as decreasing the length of cation alkyl chain. According to the hazard substances ranking for aquatic organisms (Passino and Smith, 1987), imidazolium ILs with C4 alkyl chain can be classified as "practically harmless" compounds whereas those with alkyl chains C8 or C10 correspond to "highly toxic" species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V M Monsalvo
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Lopez
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - I F Mena
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Palomar
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Section, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Weyhing-Zerrer N, Kalb R, Oßmer R, Rossmanith P, Mester P. Evidence of a reverse side-chain effect of tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [FAP]-based ionic liquids against pathogenic bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:467-472. [PMID: 29102907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased interest in ionic liquids (ILs) is due to their designable and tunable unique physicochemical properties, which are utilized for a wide variety of chemical and biotechnological applications. ILs containing the tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([FAP]) anion have been shown to have excellent hydrolytic, electrochemical and thermal stability and have been successfully used in various applications. In the present study the influence of the cation on the toxicity of the [FAP] anion was investigated. Due to the properties of [FAP] ILs, the IL-toxicity of seven cations with [FAP] compared to [Cl] was examined by determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) on six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative clinically-relevant bacteria. For the first time, to our knowledge, the results provide evidence for a decrease in toxicity with increasing alkyl side-chain length, indicating that the combination of both ions is responsible for this 'reverse side-chain effect'. These findings could portend development of new non-toxic ILs as green alternatives to conventional organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kalb
- Proionic GmbH, Parkring 18, 8074 Grambach, Austria
| | - Rolf Oßmer
- Merck KGaA, Life Science, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Rossmanith
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mester
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Environmental Concerns Regarding Ionic Liquids in Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 168:241-328. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Daneshvar N, Nasiri M, Shirzad M, Safarpoor Nikoo Langarudi M, Shirini F, Tajik H. The introduction of two new imidazole-based bis-dicationic Brönsted acidic ionic liquids and comparison of their catalytic activity in the synthesis of barbituric acid derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two bis-dicationic acidic ionic liquids are prepared, used and compared in the synthesis of barbituric acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Daneshvar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Guilan
- Iran
| | - Mitra Nasiri
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- University of Guilan
- Rasht
- Iran
| | - Maryam Shirzad
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- University of Guilan
- Rasht
- Iran
| | | | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Guilan
- Iran
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hassan Tajik
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Guilan
- Iran
- Department of Chemistry
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38
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An R, Fan P, Yan N, Ji Q, Sunkulp G, Wang Y. Nanofriction of Graphene/Ionic Liquid-Infused Block Copolymer Homoporous Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11590-11602. [PMID: 28830141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have infused graphene/ionic liquid into block copolymer homoporous membranes (HOMEs), which have highly ordered uniform cylindrical nanopores, to form compact, dense, and continuous graphene/ionic liquid (Gr/IL) lubricating layers at interfaces, enabling a reduction in the friction coefficient. Raman and XPS analyses, confirmed the parallel alignment of the cation of ILs on graphene by the π-π stacking interaction of the imidazolium ring with the graphene layer. This alignment loosens the lattice spacing of Gr in Gr/ILs, leading to a larger lattice spacing of 0.36 nm in Gr of Gr/ILs hybrids than the pristine Gr (0.33 nm). The loose graphene layers, which are caused by the coexistence of graphene and ILs, would make the sliding easier, and favor the lubrication. An increase in the friction coefficient was observed on ILs-infused block copolymer HOMEs, as compared to Gr/ILs-infused ones, due to the absence of Gr and the unstably formed ILs film. Gr/ILs-infused block copolymer HOMEs also exhibit much smaller residual indentation depth and peak indentation depth in comparison with ILs-infused ones. This indicates that the existence of stably supported Gr/ILs hybrid liquid films aids the reduction of the friction coefficient by preventing the thinning of the lubricant layer and exposure of the underlying block copolymer HOMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Fan
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Nina Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Ji
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Goel Sunkulp
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology , Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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39
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Dołżonek J, Cho CW, Stepnowski P, Markiewicz M, Thöming J, Stolte S. Membrane partitioning of ionic liquid cations, anions and ion pairs - Estimating the bioconcentration potential of organic ions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:378-389. [PMID: 28554027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts have been directed towards better understanding the persistency and toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) in the context of the "benign-by-design" approach, but the assessment of their bioaccumulation potential remains neglected. This paper reports the experimental membrane partitioning of IL cations (imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, phosphonium), anions ([C(CN)3]-, [B(CN)4]-, [FSO2)2N]-, [(C2F5)3PF3]-, [(CF3SO2)2N]-) and their combinations as a measure for estimating the bioconcentration factor (BCF). Both cations and anions can have a strong affinity for phosphatidylcholine bilayers, which is mainly driven by the hydrophobicity of the ions. This affinity is often reflected in the ecotoxicological impact. Our data revealed that the bioconcentration potential of IL cations and anions is much higher than expected from octanol-water-partitioning based estimations that have recently been presented. For some ILs, the membrane-water partition coefficient reached levels corresponding to BCFs that might become relevant in terms of the "B" (bioaccumulation potential) classification under REACH. However, this preliminary estimation need to be confirmed by in vivo bioconcentration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Faculty 4, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Chul-Woong Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Markiewicz
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Faculty 4, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Faculty 4, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Faculty 4, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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40
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Lu LY, Zhang YJ, Chen JJ, Tong ZH. Toxicity of Selected Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids on Caenorhabditis elegans: a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1703057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Costa SPF, Azevedo AMO, Pinto PCAG, Saraiva MLMFS. Environmental Impact of Ionic Liquids: Recent Advances in (Eco)toxicology and (Bio)degradability. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2321-2347. [PMID: 28394478 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This Review aims to integrate the most recent and pertinent data available on the (bio)degradability and toxicity of ionic liquids for global and critical analysis and on the conscious use of these compounds on a large scale thereafter. The integrated data will enable focus on the recognition of toxicophores and on the way the community has been dealing with them, with the aim to obtain greener and safer ionic liquids. Also, an update of the most recent biotic and abiotic methods developed to overcome some of these challenging issues will be presented. The review structure aims to present a potential sequence of events that can occur upon discharging ionic liquids into the environment and the potential long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P F Costa
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M O Azevedo
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula C A G Pinto
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- A3D-Association for Drug Discovery and Development, Rua do Baixeiro n° 38, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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42
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Impact of Surface-Active Guanidinium-, Tetramethylguanidinium-, and Cholinium-Based Ionic Liquids on Vibrio Fischeri Cells and Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Liposomes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46673. [PMID: 28429753 PMCID: PMC5399364 DOI: 10.1038/srep46673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the toxicological effect of seven novel cholinium, guanidinium, and tetramethylguanidinium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) from an ecotoxicological point of view. The emphasis was on the potential structure-toxicity dependency of these surface-active ILs in aqueous environment. The median effective concentrations (EC50) were defined for each IL using Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri marine bacteria. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes were used as biomimetic lipid membranes to study the interactions between the surface-active ILs and the liposomes. The interactions were investigated by following the change in the DPPC phase transition behaviour using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Critical micelle concentrations for the ILs were determined to clarify the analysis of the toxicity and the interaction results. Increasing anion alkyl chain length increased the toxicity, whereas branching of the chain decreased the toxicity of the ILs. The toxicity of the ILs in this study was mainly determined by the surface-active anions, while cations induced a minor impact on the toxicity. In the DSC experiments the same trend was observed for all the studied anions, whereas the cations seemed to induce more variable impact on the phase transition behaviour. Toxicity measurements combined with liposome interaction studies can provide a valuable tool for assessing the mechanism of toxicity.
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43
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Egorova KS, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medicine. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7132-7189. [PMID: 28125212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 892] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in the form of ionic liquid species. The main aim of this Review is to attract a broad audience of chemical, biological, and medical scientists to study advantages of ionic liquid pharmaceutics. Overall, the discussed data highlight the importance of the research direction defined as "Ioliomics", studies of ions in liquids in modern chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Stary Petergof 198504, Russia
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Jacob RS, Santos LVDS, de Souza AFR, Lange LC. A toxicity assessment of 30 pharmaceuticals using Aliivibrio fischeri: a comparison of the acute effects of different formulations. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2760-2767. [PMID: 27020342 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1164249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Considerable quantities of different classes of drugs are consumed annually worldwide. These drugs, once disposed, often remain stable, even after conventional or advanced treatments. Although there have been a number of studies on the potential harm caused by drugs when released into the environment, few studies have investigated the toxicity of pharmaceutical excipients. In the present study, the acute toxicity of 30 drugs was tested to Aliivibrio fischeri. Ten different active ingredients were investigated, each in three distinct formulations: generic, similar and reference (brand drug). The aim of the study was to evaluate the harmful potential of drugs frequently sold in drugstores and to assess the contribution of excipients towards the observed acute toxicity. Within the 10 drugs evaluated, only one, dexchlorpheniramine maleate, was not toxic in any formulation. The toxicities of the three formulations were often different, even though the active ingredient has been the same. For some drugs, such as diazepam, glibenclamide, metformin, nimesulide, hydrochlorothiazide and simvastatin, only one or two of the three formulations tested were toxic to A. fischeri. These results highlight the toxicological potential of drug excipients, but not exclusively the toxicity of the active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sampaio Jacob
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Rodrigues de Souza
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Liséte Celina Lange
- a Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
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45
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Cho CW, Stolte S, Yun YS. Comprehensive approach for predicting toxicological effects of ionic liquids on several biological systems using unified descriptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33403. [PMID: 27624396 PMCID: PMC5022054 DOI: 10.1038/srep33403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge and opportunity for design of environmentally-benign ionic liquids (ILs) would start from prediction of their toxicological effects on several endpoints solely based on the structural formulas. Especially, a comprehensive yet simple equation able to predict several biological responses to IL toxicity is of much advantage. Therefore, based on 50 toxicity testing systems on ILs a comprehensively approachable prediction method was developed. For the modelling, approximately 1600 toxicity values measured by several biological systems and an amended linear free energy relationship (LFER) model were used. Since the toxicological activities of an IL could be differently described according to sensitivity of toxicity testing systems, the sensitivity of each of toxicity testing systems was also estimated in the modelling. By statistical analysis with the calculated descriptors, a LFER model was built. Also the sensitivity value of each system on the basis of the comprehensively approachable model was numerically estimated. In results, it was observed that the combination of single model and sensitivity terms was able to predict each of 50 toxicological effects of ILs with R(2) of 0.593~0.978, and SE of 0.098~0.699 log unit, and the total data set with R(2) of 0.901 and SE of 0.426 log unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdaňsk sk ul, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdaňsk, Poland
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
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46
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Marcelino RBP, Andrade LN, Starling MCVM, Amorim CC, Barbosa MLT, Lopes RP, Reis BG, Leão MMD. EVALUATION OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADABILITY AND TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF REAL PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER FROM INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20160333s20150136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - B. G. Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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47
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He M, Mei CF, Sun GP, Li HB, Liu L, Xu MY. The Effects of Molecular Properties on Ready Biodegradation of Aromatic Compounds in the OECD 301B CO2 Evolution Test. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:133-145. [PMID: 26498763 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ready biodegradation is the primary biodegradability of a compound, which is used for discriminating whether a compound could be rapidly and readily biodegraded in the natural ecosystems in a short period and has been applied extensively in the environmental risk assessment of many chemicals. In this study, the effects of 24 molecular properties (including 2 physicochemical parameters, 10 geometrical parameters, 6 topological parameters, and 6 electronic parameters) on the ready biodegradation of 24 kinds of synthetic aromatic compounds were investigated using the OECD 301B CO2 Evolution test. The relationship between molecular properties and ready biodegradation of these aromatic compounds varied with molecular properties. A significant inverse correlation was found for the topological parameter TD, five geometrical parameters (Rad, CAA, CMA, CSEV, and N c), and the physicochemical parameter K ow, and a positive correlation for two topological parameters TC and TVC, whereas no significant correlation was observed for any of the electronic parameters. Based on the correlations between molecular properties and ready biodegradation of these aromatic compounds, the importance of molecular properties was demonstrated as follows: geometrical properties > topological properties > physicochemical properties > electronic properties. Our study first demonstrated the effects of molecular properties on ready biodegradation by a number of experiment data under the same experimental conditions, which should be taken into account to better guide the ready biodegradation tests and understand the mechanisms of the ready biodegradation of aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, 434023, China
- School of Earth Environment and Water Resource, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Mei-Ying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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48
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Cho CW, Yun YS. Correlating toxicological effects of ionic liquids on Daphnia magna with in silico calculated linear free energy relationship descriptors. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:207-213. [PMID: 26971173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In silico prediction model for toxicological effects of ionic liquids (ILs) is useful to understand ILs' toxicological interactions and to design environmentally benign IL structures. Actually, it is essential since the types of ILs are extremely numerous. Accordingly, prediction models were developed in this study. For the modelling, well-defined linear free energy relationship (LFER) descriptors - i.e. excess molar refraction (E), dipolarity/polarizability (S), H-bonding acidity (A), H-bonding basicity (B), McGowan volume (V), cation interaction (J(+)) and anion interaction (J(-)) - were in silico calculated using density functional theory and conductor-like screening model. These descriptors were then correlated with the toxicological values of ILs to Daphnia magna. First, a model established by Hoover et al. (2007) using measured LFER descriptors of 97 neutral compounds was applied to the prediction of ILs' toxicity. As expected, the model by Hoover et al. (2007) needs to be amended for ILs. To that end, the difference in toxicological interactions between neutral compounds and ILs was addressed by additional single J(+) or five LFER descriptors of cation i.e. Ec, Sc, Bc, Vc, and J(+). Secondly, a prediction model for only ILs was developed by using the three LFER descriptors Ec, Bc, and J(+). The model had a reasonable predictability and robustness of R(2) = 0.880 for the training set, 0.848 for the test set, and 0.867 for the overall set. The established models can be used to design environmentally benign IL structures and to reduce labour, danger, time, and materials compared to the experiment-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea.
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49
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Fan Y, Dong X, Yan L, Li D, Hua S, Hu C, Pan C. Evaluation of the toxicity of ionic liquids on trypsin: A mechanism study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:241-247. [PMID: 26807945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) was evaluated by using trypsin as biomarker. Experimental results indicated that the trypsin activity was inhibited by ILs and the degree of inhibition highly depended on the chemical structures of ILs. Primary analysis illustrated that hydrophobicity of ILs was one of the driven forces ruling the ILs-trypsin interaction. Thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were obtained by analyzing the fluorescence behavior of trypsin in the presence of ILs. Both negative ΔH and ΔS suggested hydrogen bonding was the major driven force underlying the IL-trypsin interaction. To assess the toxicity of ILs, it should be considered the combination of the hydrogen bonding ability and hydrophobicity of ILs. A regression based model was established to correlate the relationship of the inhibitory ability, hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding ability of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Fan
- College of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xing Dong
- College of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Lingling Yan
- College of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Shaofeng Hua
- College of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chaobing Hu
- College of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chengcheng Pan
- College of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
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50
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Oliveira MVS, Vidal BT, Melo CM, de Miranda RDCM, Soares CMF, Coutinho JAP, Ventura SPM, Mattedi S, Lima ÁS. (Eco)toxicity and biodegradability of protic ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:460-6. [PMID: 26796340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are often claimed to be "environmentally friendly" compounds however, the knowledge of their potential toxicity towards different organisms and trophic levels is still limited, in particular when protic ionic liquids (PILs) are addressed. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity against various microorganisms and the biodegradability of four PILs namely, N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate, m-2-HEAA; N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium propionate, m-2-HEAPr; N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium butyrate, m-2-HEAB; and N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium pentanoate, m-2-HEAP. The antimicrobial activity was determined against the two bacteria, Sthaplylococcus aureus ATCC-6533 and Escherichia coli CCT-0355; the yeast Candida albicans ATCC-76645; and the fungi Fusarium sp. LM03. The toxicity of all PILs was tested against the aquatic luminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri using the Microtox(®) test. The impact of the PILs was also studied regarding their effect on lettuce seeds (Lactuta sativa). The biodegradability of these PILs was evaluated using the ratio between the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results show that, in general, the elongation of the alkyl chain tends to increase the negative impact of the PILs towards the organisms and biological systems under study. According to these results, m-2-HEAA and m-2-HEAP are the less and most toxic PILs studied in this work, respectively. Additionally, all the PILs have demonstrated low biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V S Oliveira
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Bruna T Vidal
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Melo
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Rita de C M de Miranda
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Cleide M F Soares
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- UFBA, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola Politécnica, Departamento de Engenharia, Rua Aristides Novis 2, Federação, 40210-630, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Álvaro S Lima
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil.
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