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Vinck AK, Felkers E, Urtizberea M, Hewitt NJ, Bürling K, Morriss A. Ambient air concentrations of plant protection products: Data collection for the combined air concentration database and associated risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 149:105627. [PMID: 38621522 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
CropLife Europe collected literature values from monitoring studies measuring air concentrations of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) that may be inhaled by humans located in rural areas but not immediately adjacent to PPP applications. The resulting "Combined Air Concentration Database" (CACD) was used to determine whether air concentrations of PPPs reported by the French "Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety" (ANSES) are consistent with those measured by others to increase confidence in values of exposure to humans. The results were put into risk assessment context. Results show that 25-90% of samples do not contain measurable PPP concentrations. Measured respirable fractions were below EU default air concentrations used for risk assessment for resident exposure by the European Food Safety Authority. All measured exposures in the CACD were also below established toxicological endpoints, even when considering the highest maximum average reported concentrations and very conservative inhalation rates. The highest recorded air concentration was for prosulfocarb (0.696 μg/m³ measured over 48 h) which is below the EFSA default limit of 1 μg/m³ for low volatility substances. In conclusion, based on the CACD, measured air concentrations of PPPs are significantly lower than EFSA default limits and relevant toxicological reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kim Vinck
- Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Edgars Felkers
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
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2
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Huang Y, Li Z. Assessing pesticides in the atmosphere: A global study on pollution, human health effects, monitoring network and regulatory performance. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108653. [PMID: 38669719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, but their impact on the environment and human health is a major concern. While much attention has been given to their presence in soil, water, and food, there have been few studies on airborne pesticide pollution on a global scale. This study aimed to assess the extent of atmospheric pesticide pollution in countries worldwide and identify regional differences using a scoring approach. In addition to analyzing the health risks associated with pesticide pollution, we also examined agricultural practices and current air quality standards for pesticides in these countries. The pollution scores varied significantly among the countries, particularly in Europe. Asian and Oceanic countries generally had higher scores compared to those in the Americas, suggesting a relatively higher level of air pollution caused by pesticides in these regions. It is worth noting that the current pollution levels, as assessed theoretically, pose minimal health risks to humans. However, studies in the literature have shown that excessive exposure to pesticides present in the atmosphere has been associated with various health problems, such as cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders, and other chronic diseases. Interestingly, European countries had the highest overall pesticide application intensities, but this did not necessarily correspond to higher atmospheric pesticide pollution scores. Only a few countries have established air quality standards specifically for pesticides. Furthermore, pollution scores across states in the USA were investigated and the global sampling sites were mapped. The findings revealed that the scores varied widely in the USA and the current sampling sites were limited or unevenly distributed in some countries, particularly the Nordic countries. These findings can help global relevant environmental agencies to set up comprehensive monitoring networks. Overall, the present research highlights the need to create a pesticide monitoring system and increase efforts to enhance pesticide regulation, ensure consistency in standards, and promote international cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabi Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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3
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Cao Z, Ding Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu L, Cai M, Tang J. Distribution, sources, and eco-risk of Current-Use Pesticides (CUPs) in the coastal waters of the northern Shandong Peninsula, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116159. [PMID: 38364526 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the spatial distributions and seasonal variations of 19 CUPs in the coastal areas of the Shandong Peninsula and its surrounding rivers and assessed their ecological risk. In freshwater and seawater, insecticides (chlorpyrifos, methoxychlor, and pyridaben), as well as fungicides (fenarimol) and herbicides (dichlobenil) were the main pollutants (Detection Frequency: 100 %). Spatially, during winter, the regional pollution levels of Σ19CUPs in seawater showed a trend of Laizhou Bay (LZB, mean:4.13 ng L-1) > Yellow River Estuary (YRE, mean:2.57 ngL-1) > Bohai Bay (BHB, mean:2.21 ng L-1) > Yanwei Area (YWA, mean:1.94 ng L-1). The similarities of major substances between rivers and the marine environment suggest that river discharge is the main source of CUPs pollution in coastal areas. In summer, CUPs in rivers posed a high risk. In winter, the risk significantly decreased, indicating a moderate overall risk. Seawater exhibited a low risk in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Cao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yunhao Ding
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China; School of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qingzhou 535011, China.
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4
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Habran S, Giusti A, Galloy A, Gérard G, Delvaux A, Pigeon O, Remy S. Spatial and temporal variations of currently used pesticides (CUPs) concentrations in ambient air in Wallonia, Belgium. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141241. [PMID: 38242514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are among the most widely used chemicals thus contributing to a global contamination of the environment. Studies in North America and Europe have reported ambient air concentrations of Currently Used Pesticides in rural and urban locations as well as in remote areas. Monitoring pesticides in air is required for a better understanding of human exposure through inhalation and to assess potential health effects related to this exposure pathway. In this study, 46 pesticides were analyzed in ambient air in sampling stations distributed over Wallonia during a year, from May 2015 to May 2016. Different typologies were defined for sampling sites (remote areas, urban sites, agricultural sites, livestock area, and sites with other professional uses). Ambient air was sampled for 14 days with an active air sampler at a flow rate of 4 m³/h. Quartz filters and PUF/XAD-2/PUF cartridges were used to sample both gas and particulate phase pesticides. On the 46 pesticides studied, 6 insecticides, 18 herbicides and 18 fungicides were detected. Herbicides were measured in 68.3% of samples throughout the year, whereas fungicides and insecticides were measured in 62.6% and 13.2% of the samples, respectively. The highest mean concentrations for all pesticides were measured in spring-summer, whereas few pesticides were measured at low concentrations in winter. Six pesticides were measured in the remote sampling station at lower concentrations than in all other sites highlighting volatility of these pesticides. The highest number of different pesticides and the highest concentrations were measured in agricultural stations, where uses of plant protection products are higher. Finally, less volatile pesticides were only detected near application areas and at low concentrations. Together, these results provide better insight on the spatial and temporal variations of pesticides concentrations in ambient air, which were related to pesticides uses as well to atmospheric volatility and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Habran
- Environmental Health Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium.
| | - Arnaud Giusti
- Environmental Health Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne Galloy
- Environmental Health Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
| | - Guy Gérard
- Environmental Health Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain Delvaux
- Protection, control products and residues Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Olivier Pigeon
- Protection, control products and residues Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Suzanne Remy
- Environmental Health Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
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5
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Wang L, Cao G, Zhang ZF, Liu LY, Jia SM, Fu MQ, Ma WL. Occurrence, seasonal variation and gas/particle partitioning of current used pesticides (CUPs) across 60 °C temperature and 30° latitudes in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132983. [PMID: 37984139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gas and particle phases samples were collected at three sites in China in 2019-2020, with 60 °C temperature span and 30° latitude range. Totally, among 76 target current used pesticides (CUPs) with four types, 51 were quantified in at least one sample. The concentrations of individual CUPs ranged from 8 orders of magnitude, indicating different pollution levels. Herbicides were the dominated CUPs in Northeast China, while higher concentrations of fungicides were found in Southeast China. The highest concentrations of CUPs were observed in Southeast China in spring and winter, while in summer and autumn in Northeast China, caused by local climates and crop cultivation patterns. The gas/particle (G/P) partitioning of CUPs was mainly influenced by their physicochemical properties and ambient temperature. The G/P partitioning study indicated that the L-M-Y model was the optimum prediction model for herbicides, fungicides and pyrethroids. The L-M-Y model and the H-B model presented equal performance for organophosphate insecticides. To our knowledge, the L-M-Y model was firstly applied for the study of the G/P partitioning of CUPs, which provided new insights into the related fields of new emergency contaminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shi-Ming Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Meng-Qi Fu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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6
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García-Pimentel MM, Fernández B, Campillo JA, Castaño-Ortiz JM, Gil-Solsona R, Fernández-González V, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, León VM. Floating plastics as integrative samplers of organic contaminants of legacy and emerging concern from Western Mediterranean coastal areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166828. [PMID: 37690766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of floating plastics as integrative samplers of organic contaminants. To this end, plastics items were collected in two Western Mediterranean coastal areas: the Mar Menor lagoon, and the last transect of Ebro river. Floating plastics were identified and characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. Then, organic contaminants were extracted from plastic items by ultrasonic extraction with methanol, and the concentrations of 168 regulated and emerging contaminants were analysed. These compounds were analysed by stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), except for bisphenol analogues, which were analysed with a ultraperformance liquid chromatography pump coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS), and pharmaceutical compounds, determined by UPLC coupled to hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). All the contaminants groups considered were detected in the samples, being particularly relevant the contribution of plastic additives. The most frequently detected contaminants were UV-filters, PAHs, pharmaceuticals and synthetic musks. Apart from plasticizers, the individual contaminants octocrylene, homosalate, galaxolide, salycilic acid and ketoprofen were frequently detected in plastics items. The results pointed out to urban and touristic activities as the main sources of pollution in the coastal areas investigated. The utility of floating plastics as integrative samplers for the detection of organic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M García-Pimentel
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - B Fernández
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - R Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Fernández-González
- Grupo de Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - S Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo de Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
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7
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Wang S, Wu L, Wang Z, Du H, Zhu J, Li Y, Cai M, Wang X. Occurrence, vertical distribution and transport of organic amine pesticides in the seawater from the East China Sea and the South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160487. [PMID: 36436656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic amine pesticides (OAPs) are widely used as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides in agricultural production. China is a large agricultural country, and the sprayed pesticides may impact the fragile marine environment through surface runoff. This study revealed the pollution characteristics of thirty-three OAPs in the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS) and investigated their vertical variations in water columns. The ∑OAPs ranged from below method detection limits to 3.4 ng/ L, with an average value of 0.93 ng/ L. Diphenylamine and beflubutamid were the two most abundant compounds, contributing 64 % and 14 % of the ∑OAPs, respectively. The ∑OAPs in the ECS were significantly (M-W U test, p < 0.01) higher than that in the SCS, and OAPs exhibited different composition profiles. Diphenylamine was the most abundant compound in the ECS, while beflubutamid was dominant in the SCS, which may be related to industrial production (such as rubber synthesis) and agricultural activities. In the water columns, OAPs concentrations were higher in deep layers compared to that in surface seawater, which may be due to weak light and low temperature reducing the degradation of pesticides, indicating the deep ocean is a sink for OAPs. Under the dilution of seawater, the concentrations of OAPs decreased from the Pearl River Estuary to the open sea, and the South China Sea Warm Current also caused the decrease of OAPs from south to north. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that OAPs in the water pose no significant risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Libo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zijuan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huihong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jincai Zhu
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China; China School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China; China School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Zheng H, Ding Y, Xue Y, Xiao K, Zhu J, Liu Y, Cai M. Occurrence, seasonal variations, and eco-risk of currently using organochlorine pesticides in surface seawater of the East China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114300. [PMID: 36330943 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We studied 19 targets currently using organochlorine pesticides (CUOCPs) from 98 samples in the Western Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea collected in 2019, 2020, and 2021. The samples were analyzed using a novel High-throat/High-volume Solid-Phase Extraction method. Eighteen individual CUOCPs were above the method detection limits. The levels of ∑19CUOCPs ranged from 0.13 to 17.80 ng/L, with an average of 3.13 ± 14.67 ng/L. Dicofol was the main pollutant in the Western Pacific Ocean, while Pyridaben dominated the East China Sea. In the summer, land-source input was the primary source in the Western Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea. Historical residues were the main source in the East China Sea in spring. In the summer, the ecological risk assessment results indicated a relatively low risk to the Western Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yunhao Ding
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China; School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiyan Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Jincai Zhu
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China; Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, 1000 Xuelong Road, Shanghai 201209, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China; Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, 1000 Xuelong Road, Shanghai 201209, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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9
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García MG, Sánchez JIL, Bravo KAS, Cabal MDC, Pérez-Santín E. Review: Presence, distribution and current pesticides used in Spanish agricultural practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157291. [PMID: 35835192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To guarantee an adequate food supply for the world's growing population, intensive agriculture is necessary to ensure efficient food production. The use of pesticides helps maintain maximum productivity in intensive agriculture by minimizing crop losses due to pests. However, pesticide contamination of surface waters constitutes a major problem as they are resistant to degradation and soluble enough to be transported in water. In recent years, all groups of pesticides defined by the World Health Organization have increased their use and, therefore, their prevalence in the different environmental compartments that can have harmful effects. Despite this effort, there is no rigorous monitoring program that quantifies and controls the toxic effects of each pesticide. However, multiple scientific studies have been published by specialized research groups in which this information is disseminated. Therefore, any attempt to systematize this information is relevant. This review offers a current overview of the presence and distribution of the most widely-used pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) by crop type and an evaluation of the relationships between their uses and environmental implications in Spain. The data demonstrated that there are correlations between the presence of specific pesticides used in the main crops and their presence in the environmental compartments. We have found preliminary data pointing to existing associations between specific pesticides used in the main crops and their presence in environmental compartments within different geographical areas of Spain; this should be the subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano González García
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - José Ignacio López Sánchez
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Kharla Andreina Segovia Bravo
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - María Dolores Cima Cabal
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Efrén Pérez-Santín
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain.
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10
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Huang L, Chen H, Cui P, Ding Y, Wang M, Hua X. Development of immunoassay based on rational hapten design for sensitive detection of pendimethalin in environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154690. [PMID: 35318054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pendimethalin (PND) is one of the most widely used selective herbicides, but it is considered a potential human carcinogen and persistent bioaccumulative toxic chemical. Herein, five haptens with carboxylic groups were synthesized based on rational design and used to immunize mice, respectively. Then the antibodies obtained were evaluated systematically, and an indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA) was developed based on an anti-PND monoclonal antibody. The 50% inhibition concentration and limit of detection of ic-ELISA were 0.53 ng/mL and 0.07 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivities of ic-ELISA for the analogs of PND were ≤ 1.1%. The average recoveries of PND ranged from 79.5% to 107.4% in spiked samples. A good correlation was achieved between the ic-ELISA results and UPLC-MS/MS results in the analysis of blind samples. Thus, this assay provides a rapid and accurate tool for the determination of PND in the agro-products and agricultural producing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrun Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Panpan Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Exploring Blue Spaces' Effects on Childhood Leukaemia Incidence: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095232. [PMID: 35564626 PMCID: PMC9103937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Blue spaces have been a key part of human evolution, providing resources and helping economies develop. To date, no studies have been carried out to explore how they may be linked to paediatric oncological diseases. Objectives: To explore the possible relationship of residential proximity to natural and urban blue spaces on childhood leukaemia. Methods: A population-based case–control study was conducted in four regions of Spain across the period 2000–2018. A total of 936 incident cases and 5616 controls were included, individually matched by sex, year of birth and place of residence. An exposure proxy with four distances (250 m, 500 m, 750 m, and 1 km) to blue spaces was built using the geographical coordinates of the participants’ home residences. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for blue-space exposure were calculated for overall childhood leukaemia, and the acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) subtypes, with adjustment for socio-demographic and environmental covariates. Results: A decrease in overall childhood leukaemia and ALL-subtype incidence was found as we came nearer to children’s places of residence, showing, for the study as a whole, a reduced incidence at 250 m (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.60–0.97), 500 m (OR = 0.78; 95%CI = 0.65–0.93), 750 m (OR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.69–0.93), and 1000 m (OR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.72–0.97). AML model results showed an increasing incidence at closest to subjects’ homes (OR at 250m = 1.06; 95%CI=0.63–1.71). Conclusions: Our results suggest a possible association between lower childhood leukaemia incidence and blue-space proximity. This study is a first approach to blue spaces’ possible effects on childhood leukaemia incidence; consequently, it is necessary to continue studying these spaces—while taking into account more individualised data and other possible environmental risk factors.
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Veludo AF, Martins Figueiredo D, Degrendele C, Masinyana L, Curchod L, Kohoutek J, Kukučka P, Martiník J, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Fuhrimann S. Seasonal variations in air concentrations of 27 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 25 current-use pesticides (CUPs) across three agricultural areas of South Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133162. [PMID: 34875296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For decades pesticides have been used in agriculture, however, the occurrence of legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and current-use pesticides (CUPs) is poorly understood in Africa. This study investigates air concentrations of OCPs and CUPs in three South African agricultural areas, their spatial/seasonal variations and mixture profiles. Between 2017 and 2018, 54 polyurethane foam-disks passive air-samplers (PUF-PAS) were positioned in three agricultural areas of the Western Cape, producing mainly apples, table grapes and wheat. Within areas, 25 CUPs were measured at two sites (farm and village), and 27 OCPs at one site (farm). Kruskal-Wallis tests investigated area differences in OCPs concentrations, and linear mixed-effect models studied differences in CUPs concentrations between areas, sites and sampling rounds. In total, 20 OCPs and 16 CUPs were detected. A median of 16 OCPs and 10 CUPs were detected per sample, making a total of 11 OCPs and 24 CUPs combinations. Eight OCPs (trans-chlordane, o,p'-/p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)/dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), endosulfan sulfate, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane and mirex) and two CUPs (carbaryl and chlorpyrifos) were quantified in all samples. p,p'-DDE (median 0.14 ng/m3) and chlorpyrifos (median 0.70 ng/m3) showed the highest concentrations throughout the study. Several OCPs and CUPs showed different concentrations between areas and seasons, although CUPs concentrations did not differ between sites. OCPs ratios suggest ongoing chlordane use in the region, while DDT and endosulfan contamination result from past-use. Our study revealed spatial and seasonal variations of different OCPs and CUPs combinations detected in air. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential cumulative or synergistic risks of the detected pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernandes Veludo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Céline Degrendele
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, 13003, Marseille, France
| | - Lindile Masinyana
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lou Curchod
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Peñalver R, Ortiz A, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Campillo N, López-García I, Viñas P. Non-targeted analysis by DLLME-GC-MS for the monitoring of pollutants in the Mar Menor lagoon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131588. [PMID: 34293555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis for the monitoring of organic pollutants resulting from agricultural and industrial practices, plastics and pharmaceutical products of seawater from the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain) is proposed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Initially, a home-made MS database including 118 environmental organic pollutants, whose presence in different ecosystems has already been reported, was created. The analytical method was applied for the analysis of 42 samples and a total of 18 pollutants were detected and identified. Samples were obtained from different sites around the Mar Menor in three sampling campaigns, enabling the assessment of impact of rain on the input of the detected chemicals and their distribution. In addition, this methodology was validated using a standard mixture containing 54 of the environmental pollutants included in the database, allowing the quantification of the 9 of the identified compounds (dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, anthracene, 2-methylnaphthalene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and oleamide) with concentration between 3 and 271 μg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Peñalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio López-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Richard FJ, Southern I, Gigauri M, Bellini G, Rojas O, Runde A. Warning on nine pollutants and their effects on avian communities. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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15
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Duong HT, Doan NH, Trinh HT, Kadokami K. Occurrence and risk assessment of herbicides and fungicides in atmospheric particulate matter in Hanoi, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147674. [PMID: 34004539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vietnam is a Southeast Asian developing country with rapidly increasing air pollution, especially in large cities. Over 350,000 chemicals and chemical mixtures are produced and used in Vietnam; however, the country has only implemented air quality standards for 44 substances, which are primarily focused on inorganic and volatile organic compounds. Although numerous pesticides are frequently applied across large cities in Vietnam, information on their concentrations in atmospheric particulate matter (APM) is limited. Therefore, to investigate their occurrence and health effects, 187 pesticides in APM were screened using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-quadrupole time of flight- Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra method (LC-QTOF-MS-SWATH). A total of 22 pesticides (16 fungicides and 6 herbicides) were quantified in the dry and rainy seasons. Among them, 19 substances were quantified in APM for the first time in Vietnam. Their median total concentrations in the dry season were higher than those in the rainy season, and the concentrations in the daytime were one-third of the night-time concentrations in both seasons. Their total levels ranged from 0.82 to 21.1 ng m-3 (median, 3.63 ng m-3), the detection frequencies of 9 pesticides were higher than 70%, and 7-14 pesticides were detected per sample (median, 10). Some of the detected pesticides were likely sourced from their prevalent use in amenity turf protection (e.g., in parks and public roads) and weed control (e.g., in gardens, floriculture, and agriculture). The total daily intake (DIair) values for adults, children, and infants were 8.17E-06, 2.06E-05, and 2.45E-05 mg kg-1 d-1, respectively, and the highest Hazard Quotients (HQs) were 4.81E-04, 1.22E-03, and 1.44E-03, respectively. All HQs and HIs of the pesticides were < 1 for all population groups (adults, children, and infants), indicating negligible exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hai Doan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Kioicho 7-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Ha Thu Trinh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan.
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16
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León VM, Moreno-González R, Besada V, Martínez F, Ceruso C, García V, Schultze F, Campillo JA. Sea snail (Hexaplex trunculus) and sea cucumber (Holothuria polii) as potential sentinel species for organic pollutants and trace metals in coastal ecosystems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112407. [PMID: 33930643 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal bioaccumulation of trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) in sea snail (Hexaplex trunculus) and sea cucumber (Holothuria polii) from Mar Menor lagoon were characterised. The highest concentrations of p,p'-DDE were detected in the central and south part of Mar Menor lagoon. However, the highest concentrations of metals in sea snail and holothurians were detected in the influence area of El Beal wadi. Biomagnification factors (BMF) in sea snail from cockle (sea snail-cockle concentration ratio) were higher than 5 for metal and organochlorinated compounds. However, similar concentrations were observed in both species for PAHs due to gastropods capability of metabolising these pollutants. Consequently, sea snail is proposed as a sentinel for trace metals, PCBs and OCPs in the coastal lagoons, not only due to its bioaccumulation and biomagnification capacity but also the easy sampling and amply distribution in many coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rubén Moreno-González
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Besada
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Fulgencio Martínez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlota Ceruso
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor García
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Schultze
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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Guberman VerPloeg SL, Clark AE, Yoon S, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Sheesley RJ, Usenko S. Assessing the atmospheric fate of pesticides used to control mosquito populations in Houston, TX. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129951. [PMID: 33662722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the summer months, urban areas are literal hot spots of mosquito-borne disease transmission and air pollution. Public health authorities release aerosolized pesticides directly into the atmosphere to help control adult mosquito populations and thereby reduce the threat of diseases, such as Zika Virus. The primary adulticides (i.e. pesticides used to control adult mosquito populations) in Houston, TX are permethrin and malathion. These adulticides are typically sprayed at night using ultra-low volume sprayers. Particulate matter (PM) samples including total suspended and fine PM (PM < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) were collected at four ground-based sites across Houston in 2013 and include daytime, nighttime, and 24 h samples. Malathion is initially sprayed as coarse aerosol (5-25 μm), but is measured in fine aerosol (<2.5 μm) and coarse aerosol in the urban atmosphere. Particle size is relevant both for deposition velocities and for human exposure. Atmospheric permethrin concentrations measured in nighttime samples peak at 60 ng m-3, while malathion nighttime concentrations peak near 40 ng m-3. Malaoxon, an oxidation product of malathion, was also frequently detected at concentrations >10 ng m-3, indicating significant nighttime oxidation. Based on the loss of malathion and the increase in malaoxon, the atmospheric half-life of malathion in Houston was estimated at <12 h, which was significantly shorter than previous half-life estimates (∼days). Importantly, malaoxon is estimated to be 22-33 times more toxic to humans than malathion. Both the aerosol size and the half-life are critical for mosquito control, human exposure, and risk assessment of these routine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adelaide E Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Subin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Sascha Usenko
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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Galon L, Bragagnolo L, Korf EP, Dos Santos JB, Barroso GM, Ribeiro VHV. Mobility and environmental monitoring of pesticides in the atmosphere - a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14258-x. [PMID: 33959837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the partition mechanisms in the agrochemical environment is fundamental for understanding their behavior within an ecosystem and mitigating possible adverse effects of these products. In this review, the objective was to present the main transport mechanisms, physical-chemical properties, and atmospheric monitoring methodologies of the most diverse types of agrochemicals used in agriculture that can reach the atmosphere and affect different compartments. It has been verified that volatilization is one of more considerable significance of the various forms of transport since a significant part of the applied pesticides can volatilize in a few days. As for monitoring these compounds in the atmosphere, both passive and active sampling have their advantages and disadvantages. Passive samplers allow sampling in large quantities and at remote locations, in addition to making continuous measurements, while active samplers have the advantage of being able to detect low concentrations and continuously. Since a significant portion of the applied pesticides is directed to the atmosphere, monitoring makes it possible to understand some properties of the pesticides present in the air. This monitoring can be done from different existing methodologies based on adopted criteria and existing technical standards. Graphical representation of mobility and environmental monitoring of atmospheric pollutants from pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Galon
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lucimara Bragagnolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pavan Korf
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Barbosa Dos Santos
- Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, n. 5000, zip code 39.100-000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Madureira Barroso
- Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, n. 5000, zip code 39.100-000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Venugopal D, Karunamoorthy P, Beerappa R, Sharma D, Aambikapathy M, Rajasekar K, Gaikwad A, Kondhalkar S. Evaluation of work place pesticide concentration and health complaints among women workers in tea plantation, Southern India. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:560-570. [PMID: 33795842 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women contribute fifty percent of the total work force in tea plantation sector. The continuous use of chemical pesticides in plantation may increase the risk of exposure and can cause detrimental health effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the health status of women worker exposed to pesticides in tea plantation and to evaluate the pesticide levels in work environment. METHODS A cross sectional study was performed (n = 204) to assess the health complaints among exposed women workers (n = 116) and non-exposed women (n = 88) using a predesigned questionnaire. Work environmental air samples collected using PUF sampler and personal samplers were analyzed for various pesticides. RESULTS Musculoskeletal disorder, skin color changes, allergies and asthma were the most commonly reported health complaints. Notably, only 16% of the women used personal protective equipment (PPE) while 68% reported to have experienced tea plantation work up to 6 month of their pregnancy period. Chlorpyrifos methyl (8.3%), carbendazim (6.7%), thiamethoxam (4.2%), ethion (4.2%) and thiophanate methyl (2.1%) were detected in work place air samples. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to characterize pesticide levels in work place of women workers in India. Women are continuously exposed to pesticides through their work and environmental exposure. Preventive measures are essential to mitigate the adverse health effects of pesticides among women workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjayan Venugopal
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India.
| | - Panjakumar Karunamoorthy
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Ravichandran Beerappa
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Debi Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089, India
| | - Mala Aambikapathy
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Kausic Rajasekar
- Medical Officers, Primary Health Center, Valparai, Tamil Nadu, 642127, India
| | - Avinash Gaikwad
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
| | - Shridhar Kondhalkar
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Sothern), ROHC(S), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore, 562110, India
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20
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Figueiredo DM, Krop EJM, Duyzer J, Gerritsen-Ebben RM, Gooijer YM, Holterman HJ, Huss A, Jacobs CMJ, Kivits CM, Kruijne R, Mol HJGJ, Oerlemans A, Sauer PJJ, Scheepers PTJ, van de Zande JC, van den Berg E, Wenneker M, Vermeulen RCH. Pesticide Exposure of Residents Living Close to Agricultural Fields in the Netherlands: Protocol for an Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e27883. [PMID: 33908892 PMCID: PMC8116989 DOI: 10.2196/27883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Application of pesticides in the vicinity of homes has caused concern regarding possible health effects in residents living nearby. However, the high spatiotemporal variation of pesticide levels and lack of knowledge regarding the contribution of exposure routes greatly complicates exposure assessment approaches. Objective The objective of this paper was to describe the study protocol of a large exposure survey in the Netherlands assessing pesticide exposure of residents living close (<250 m) to agricultural fields; to better understand possible routes of exposure; to develop an integrative exposure model for residential exposure; and to describe lessons learned. Methods We performed an observational study involving residents living in the vicinity of agricultural fields and residents living more than 500 m away from any agricultural fields (control subjects). Residential exposures were measured both during a pesticide use period after a specific application and during the nonuse period for 7 and 2 days, respectively. We collected environmental samples (outdoor and indoor air, dust, and garden and field soils) and personal samples (urine and hand wipes). We also collected data on spraying applications as well as on home characteristics, participants' demographics, and food habits via questionnaires and diaries. Environmental samples were analyzed for 46 prioritized pesticides. Urine samples were analyzed for biomarkers of a subset of 5 pesticides. Alongside the field study, and by taking spray events and environmental data into account, we developed a modeling framework to estimate environmental exposure of residents to pesticides. Results Our study was conducted between 2016 and 2019. We assessed 96 homes and 192 participants, including 7 growers and 28 control subjects. We followed 14 pesticide applications, applying 20 active ingredients. We collected 4416 samples: 1018 air, 445 dust (224 vacuumed floor, 221 doormat), 265 soil (238 garden, 27 fields), 2485 urine, 112 hand wipes, and 91 tank mixtures. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study on residents’ exposure to pesticides addressing all major nondietary exposure sources and routes (air, soil, dust). Our protocol provides insights on used sampling techniques, the wealth of data collected, developed methods, modeling framework, and lessons learned. Resources and data are open for future collaborations on this important topic. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/27883
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda J M Krop
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Duyzer
- TNO Urban Environment and Safety, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Henk J Holterman
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cor M J Jacobs
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Roel Kruijne
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hans J G J Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Arné Oerlemans
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J J Sauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan C van de Zande
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Erik van den Berg
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Wenneker
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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21
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In Silico Studies of Lamiaceae Diterpenes with Bioinsecticide Potential against Aphis gossypii and Drosophila melanogaster. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030766. [PMID: 33540716 PMCID: PMC7867283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The growing demand for agricultural products has led to the misuse/overuse of insecticides; resulting in the use of higher concentrations and the need for ever more toxic products. Ecologically, bioinsecticides are considered better and safer than synthetic insecticides; they must be toxic to the target organism, yet with low or no toxicity to non-target organisms. Many plant extracts have seen their high insecticide potential confirmed under laboratory conditions, and in the search for plant compounds with bioinsecticidal activity, the Lamiaceae family has yielded satisfactory results. Objective: The aim of our study was to develop computer-assisted predictions for compounds with known insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii and Drosophila melanogaster. Results and conclusion: Structure analysis revealed ent-kaurane, kaurene, and clerodane diterpenes as the most active, showing excellent results. We also found that the interactions formed by these compounds were more stable, or presented similar stability to the commercialized insecticides tested. Overall, we concluded that the compounds bistenuifolin L (1836) and bistenuifolin K (1931), were potentially active against A. gossypii enzymes; and salvisplendin C (1086) and salvixalapadiene (1195), are potentially active against D. melanogaster. We observed and highlight that the diterpenes bistenuifolin L (1836), bistenuifolin K (1931), salvisplendin C (1086), and salvixalapadiene (1195), present a high probability of activity and low toxicity against the species studied.
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22
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Wania F, Shunthirasingham C. Passive air sampling for semi-volatile organic chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1925-2002. [PMID: 32822447 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During passive air sampling, the amount of a chemical taken up in a sorbent from the air without the help of a pump is quantified and converted into an air concentration. In an equilibrium sampler, this conversion requires a thermodynamic parameter, the equilibrium sorption coefficient between gas-phase and sorbent. In a kinetic sampler, a time-averaged air concentration is obtained using a sampling rate, which is a kinetic parameter. Design requirements for kinetic and equilibrium sampling conflict with each other. The volatility of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) varies over five orders of magnitude, which implies that passive air samplers are inevitably kinetic samplers for less volatile SVOCs and equilibrium samplers for more volatile SVOCs. Therefore, most currently used passive sampler designs for SVOCs are a compromise that requires the consideration of both a thermodynamic and a kinetic parameter. Their quantitative interpretation depends on assumptions that are rarely fulfilled, and on input parameters, that are often only known with high uncertainty. Kinetic passive air sampling for SVOCs is also challenging because their typically very low atmospheric concentrations necessitate relatively high sampling rates that can only be achieved without the use of diffusive barriers. This in turn renders sampling rates dependent on wind conditions and therefore highly variable. Despite the overall high uncertainty arising from these challenges, passive air samplers for SVOCs have valuable roles to play in recording (i) spatial concentration variability at scales ranging from a few centimeters to tens of thousands of kilometers, (ii) long-term trends, (iii) air contamination in remote and inaccessible locations and (iv) indoor inhalation exposure. Going forward, thermal desorption of sorbents may lower the detection limits for some SVOCs to an extent that the use of diffusive barriers in the kinetic sampling of SVOCs becomes feasible, which is a prerequisite to decreasing the uncertainty of sampling rates. If the thermally stable sorbent additionally has a high sorptive capacity, it may be possible to design true kinetic samplers for most SVOCs. In the meantime, the passive air sampling community would benefit from being more transparent by rigorously quantifying and explicitly reporting uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
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23
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Herrero-Hernández E, Simón-Egea AB, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Rodríguez-Cruz MS, Andrades MS. Monitoring and environmental risk assessment of pesticide residues and some of their degradation products in natural waters of the Spanish vineyard region included in the Denomination of Origin Jumilla. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114666. [PMID: 32380396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by pesticides used in agriculture is currently a major concern both in Spain and in Europe as a whole, prompting the need to evaluate water quality and ecological risk in areas of intensive agriculture. This study involved monitoring pesticide residues and certain degradation products in surface and ground waters of the Denomination of Origin (DO) Jumilla vineyard area in Spain. Sixty-nine pesticides were selected and evaluated at twenty-one sampling points using a multi-residue analytical method, based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), providing reliable results. Twenty-six compounds from those selected were detected in the samples analyzed (eleven insecticides including one degradation product, nine herbicides, and six fungicides) and fifteen of them were found in concentrations over 0.1 μg L-1 (upper threshold established by the EU for pesticides detected in waters for human consumption). Indoxacarb was present in more than 70% of the samples, being the most frequently detected compound in water samples. Some pesticides were ubiquitous in all the water samples. Ecotoxicological risk indicators, toxic units (TUs) and risk quotients (RQs), for algae, Daphnia magna and fish were calculated to estimate the environmental risk of the presence of pesticides in waters. The compounds with the highest risk were the herbicides pendimethalin, with RQ values > 1 for the three aquatic organisms, and diflufenican, posing a high risk for algae and fish, and the insecticide chlorpyrifos, with a high risk for Daphnia magna and fish. The ∑TUi determined for water at each sampling point posed only a high risk for the three aquatic organisms in a sample. These results are important for considering the selection of pesticides with less environmental risk in intensive agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo Herrero-Hernández
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ana B Simón-Egea
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 51 Madre de Dios, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - María J Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Soledad Andrades
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 51 Madre de Dios, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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24
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Chen H, Shi Q, Fu H, Hu O, Fan Y, Xu L, Zhang L, Lan W, Sun D, Yang T, She Y. Rapid detection of five pesticide residues using complexes of gold nanoparticle and porphyrin combined with ultraviolet visible spectrum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4464-4473. [PMID: 32399965 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Pesticides are widely used to control insect infestation and weeds in agriculture. However, concerns about the pesticide residues in agricultural products have been raised in recent years because of public interest in health and food quality and safety. Thus, rapid, convenient, and accurate analytical methods for the detection and quantification of pesticides are urgently required. RESULTS A nanohybrid system composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridiniumyl) porphyrin (TMPyP) was used as an optical probe for the detection and quantification of five pesticides (Paraquat, Dipterex, Dursban, methyl thiophanate and Cartap). The method is based on the aggregation effect of pesticides on the carboxyl group modified by AuNPs. Subsequently, with the help of particle swarm optimization-optimized sample weighted least squares-support vector machine (PSO-OSWLS-SVM), all the pesticides could be successfully quantified. In addition, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied and the five pesticides were satisfactorily recognized based on data array obtained from the ultraviolet visible (UV-visible) spectra of AuNP-TMPyP complex. Furthermore, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the five pesticides could be also achieved in the complex real samples, in which all the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 0.3‰ and all the linear absolute correlation coefficients were more than 0.9990. Furthermore, recognition rate of the training set and the prediction set based on multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), or second-order derivative (2nd derivative) UV-visible spectra in PLS-DA model could reach 100%. CONCLUSION This method was successfully applied for the rapid and accurate determination of multicomponent pesticide residues in real food samples. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Chen
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Shi
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ou Hu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yao Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lan
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Sun
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tianming Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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25
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Cui S, Hough R, Yates K, Osprey M, Kerr C, Cooper P, Coull M, Zhang Z. Effects of season and sediment-water exchange processes on the partitioning of pesticides in the catchment environment: Implications for pesticides monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134228. [PMID: 31505364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current and historic pesticide use has potential to compromise e.g. drinking water sources due to both primary and secondary emission sources. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of emissions might help inform management decisions. To explore this potential; water, sediment and soil samples were concurrently collected from the River Ugie, Scotland over four seasons. Occurrence and fate of nine pesticides including four historic-use pesticides (HUPs): simazine, atrazine, isoproturon and permethrin, and five current-use pesticides (CUPs): metaldehyde, chlorpyrifos, chlortoluron, epoxiconazole and cypermethrin were analysed. Concentrations of target pesticides in water, sediments and soils were 4.5-45.6 ng·L-1, 0.9-4.6 ng·g-1 dw (dry weight) and 1.7-8.0 ng·g-1 dw, respectively. Concentrations of pesticides in water were found to significantly differ between seasons (p < 0.05). Significant differences in pesticide concentrations also occurred spatially within sediments (p < 0.01), indicating spatial and temporal associations with pesticide use. Sediment-water exchange showed that the sediment acts as an important secondary emission source particularly for the HUPs, while current local application and sediment emission are both major driving forces for CUPs in the riverine environment. These findings were supported by concentration ratios between different media, which showed potential as a preliminary assessment tool for identifying the source of pollutants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Rupert Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Kyari Yates
- The Robert Gordon University, Garthdee, Aberdeen AB10 7JG, UK
| | - Mark Osprey
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Christine Kerr
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Pat Cooper
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Malcolm Coull
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
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26
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Zhen X, Liu L, Wang X, Zhong G, Tang J. Fates and ecological effects of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in a typical river-estuarine system of Laizhou Bay, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:573-579. [PMID: 31185345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current-use pesticides (CUPs) are widely applied in agriculture; however, little is known about their environmental behaviors, especially in the freshwater-seawater transitional zone. Water and sediment samples were collected in an intensively human impacted river (Xiaoqing River) from the headwaters to Laizhou Bay to investigate the distributions and environmental fates of four CUPs: trifluralin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol. These CUPs were frequently detected in water and sediment samples. ∑CUPs in water and sediment samples ranged from 1.20 to 100.2 ng L-1 and 6.6-2972.5 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil were the most abundant CUPs in water and sediment samples, respectively. Spatial distribution of CUPs in the Xiaoqing River aquatic ecosystem was mainly influenced by point sources, agricultural activities, the dilution effect by seawater, and environmental parameters. Field-based sediment water partitioning coefficients, normalized by organic carbon (log Koc), were calculated. Interestingly, temperature and salinity exhibited significant impacts on the distribution of log Koc of the four CUPs. The effect of temperature on the distribution of log Koc of the four CUPs varied between the CUPs. In most water samples, the levels of chlorpyrifos exceed the freshwater screening benchmarks. Hence, urgent control measures need to be devised and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510631, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510631, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510631, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510631, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
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27
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Bayo J, Rojo D, Olmos S. Abundance, morphology and chemical composition of microplastics in sand and sediments from a protected coastal area: The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1357-1366. [PMID: 31254893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the abundance and ubiquitous presence of microplastics in a protected coastal zone located in the southeast of Spain: The Mar Menor lagoon, an important tourist destination in this region. Seventeen sampling sites, corresponding to both intertidal and backshore points, were collected during winter 2017 and 2018, being situated in different protected areas according to international, European and Spanish environmental policies. The main objectives of the study were to examine microplastics in both protected and non-protected areas, and to test the importance of local activities on their presence. Northwest samples reported higher average microplastic concentrations than samples collected in the southeastern part of the coastal lagoon, likely due to the extensive use of sludge from wastewater treatment plants besides the fragmentation of low density polyethylene from plastic greenhouses, being microplastic films also higher for northwest than for southeast samples. Moreover, large inter-site differences observed in microplastic concentrations also demonstrated that local activities, mainly tourism and fishery, may play an important role as microplastic sources. The extensive amount of 17 different polymer types identified in this paper, much higher than most reported in similar studies, together with the variety of colors of microplastics most of them in a fragmented form (59.4%) and mainly detected in urban beaches, should be related to the geographical situation of this coastal lagoon, together with enormous environmental passives accumulated over the past 50 years. Only polyvinyl ester resins proved to be statistically higher in non-protected than in protected zones, probably related to their use in manufacturing boat hulls, although sources and pathways for microplastics are always difficult to assess. Measures to avoid microplastic pollution should be taken through educational programs, with also a clear commitment from plastic producers and transformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bayo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Dolores Rojo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Sonia Olmos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 44, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
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28
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León VM, García-Agüera I, Moltó V, Fernández-González V, Llorca-Pérez L, Andrade JM, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Campillo JA. PAHs, pesticides, personal care products and plastic additives in plastic debris from Spanish Mediterranean beaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:672-684. [PMID: 30909045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study the role of plastic debris as a pollution vector has been evaluated by determining the concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants in polymers from three Western Mediterranean coastal areas as well as their potential transfer to seawater. Plastic debris was sampled at three Iberian Peninsula Southeastern beaches, each affected by different predominant anthropogenic activities (tourism, agriculture, urban activities, transport and industry). Plastic debris was characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The organic contaminants were extracted from plastics by ultrasonic extraction with methanol and quantified by stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In two areas, the desorption of these contaminants from plastic debris to seawater during 24 h was also evaluated. The contaminant groups considered in this study (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), personal care products (PCPs), current use pesticides (CUPs), organochlorinated compounds (OCPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides) and plastic additives were found in polymers from the three areas. The most abundant contaminants were plastic additives and PCPs, underlining the relevance of the leaching of plastic components, and urban and tourism activities as typical pollution sources in the coastal areas. In general, large piece-to-piece variability was found for all polymers and areas mainly as a consequence of their different origin, exposition time, use and surface-to-volume ratio. This fact difficulted the visualization of significant differences between polymers or areas, but for CUPs, whose concentrations were significantly higher in Cape Cope than in the other areas due to the influence of close agricultural activities. PCPs and CUPs were desorbed partially in seawater for 24 h, particularly the most hydrophilic compounds such as triazines and other CUPs. However, a significant fraction of other contaminants (mainly PAHs) was retained, which suggests they can be transported far away from their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Inés García-Agüera
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicenç Moltó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Verónica Fernández-González
- Grupo de Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Llorca-Pérez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Andrade
- Grupo de Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo de Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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29
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Climent MJ, Coscollà C, López A, Barra R, Urrutia R. Legacy and current-use pesticides (CUPs) in the atmosphere of a rural area in central Chile, using passive air samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:646-654. [PMID: 30703722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane foam (PUF) disks in passive air samplers (PAS) and passive dry deposition (Pas-DD) collectors were used to assess the presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and current-use pesticides (CUPs) in a rural area of central Chile (Peumo, VI Region). The samplers were exposed from September 2015 (spring) to March 2016 (summer), with the PUFs collected at intervals of 30, 60, and 90 days. Both samplers (PUF-PAS and Pas-DD) captured more than one pesticide per sampling period. Chlorpyrifos-ethyl and pyrimethanil presented the highest air concentration with PUF-PAS (3470.2 ng m-3 for chlorpyrifos-ethyl and 52.8 ng m-3 for pyrimethanil). The deposited amount of chlorpyrifos-ethyl, pyrimethanil, penconazole, diazinon and malathion in some Pas-DD, was superior to amount of pesticides captured by PUF-PAS. Differences between the amount deposited and captured by each sampler should be studied in greater detail, because wind speed, atmospheric particulate matter size and sampler design are some fundamental variables in this process. These results provide preliminary information on the presence of current-use pesticides in the atmosphere of Peumo, VI Region, serving as a foundation for future environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Climent
- School of Environmental Sciences & EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; Center of Water Resources for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 1295, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Barra
- School of Environmental Sciences & EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; Center of Water Resources for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 1295, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Urrutia
- School of Environmental Sciences & EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; Center of Water Resources for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 1295, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
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Rocha F, Homem V, Castro-Jiménez J, Ratola N. Marine vegetation analysis for the determination of volatile methylsiloxanes in coastal areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2364-2373. [PMID: 30292992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are massively produced chemicals that comprise a wide range of industrial and household applications. The presence of cyclic and linear VMSs in several environmental matrices and ecosystems indicates persistence associated with a potential of (bio)accumulation and food web transfer with possible toxicological effects. Due to the high anthropogenic pressure in its vicinities particularly in summer, coastal areas in Southern European countries are potential hotspots for the presence of VMSs. The massive afflux of tourists and consequent increase of the use of personal care products (PCPs) with VMSs in their formulations highlight the importance of VMSs assessment in such areas. In this study, different species of marine vegetation (algae and seaweed) were collected in three different geographical areas, covering the Atlantic Ocean (North coast of Portugal), as well as the Mediterranean Sea (coasts of the Region of Murcia, Spain and of the city of Marseille, France). Samples were analysed for the determination of 4 cyclic (D3, D4, D5, D6) and 3 linear (L3, L4, L5) VMSs employing a QuEChERS extraction methodology, followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) quantification. VMSs were detected in 92% of the 74 samples analysed, with the sum of the concentrations per sample ranging from below the limit of detection (LOD) to 458 ± 26 ng·g-1dw (dry weight). A strong predominance of cyclic VMSs over linear ones was verified in almost all samples studied, with D5 and D6 found at higher concentrations. Seasonal variation was also assessed and despite higher levels of VMSs being identified mostly in summer months, clear seasonal trends were not perceived. It was also noted that generally the higher incidence of VMSs occurred in samples from urban and industrialized areas or in the vicinities of WWTPs, suggesting a direct input from these sources in the levels of siloxanes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Castro-Jiménez
- Aix Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Nuno Ratola
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Doğanlar ZB, Doğanlar O, Tozkir H, Gökalp FD, Doğan A, Yamaç F, Aşkın OO, Aktaş ÜE. Nonoccupational Exposure of Agricultural Area Residents to Pesticides: Pesticide Accumulation and Evaluation of Genotoxicity. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:530-544. [PMID: 30003277 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies related the toxic effects of pesticides on agricultural workers, little research has been done about agricultural area residents. The purpose of this work was to monitor the presence of pesticides, as well as their genotoxic and cytotoxic potential, in humans with blood samples collected from control and intensive agricultural areas in the Thrace region. Pesticide accumulations were determined by LC-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were analyzed by comet assay, and the effect of pesticide accumulation on oxidative stress, DNA repair, and molecular chaperone response were analyzed by qRT-PCR assays in the human blood samples. The agricultural area residents had a significantly higher concentration of pesticides than those in the control area at all three sampling times, and the total pesticide amounts were 4.3 and 10 times significantly higher in blood sampled in the pesticide use period (August 2015 and 2016, respectively) than in the nonuse period (November 2015). The results showed that the pesticide level in blood during the use period led to oxidative stress, DNA damage (mean comet length and % tail DNA), and unfolded/misfolded protein response. Particularly, in pesticide use season, difference between these parameters was found statistically significant with comparison to control. Our results indicate that individuals residing around a monoculture rice farming area comprise an at-risk group as a result of increased genotoxicity evidenced in human blood. We suggest that biological monitoring efforts should be used to control nonoccupational exposures to pesticides and thus safeguard the health of agricultural area residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Tozkir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fulya Dilek Gökalp
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ayten Doğan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ferah Yamaç
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Orhan Onur Aşkın
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey
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Raza N, Hashemi B, Kim KH, Lee SH, Deep A. Aromatic hydrocarbons in air, water, and soil: Sampling and pretreatment techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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León VM, García I, González E, Samper R, Fernández-González V, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. Potential transfer of organic pollutants from littoral plastics debris to the marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:442-453. [PMID: 29414369 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic polymers act as passive samplers in air system and concentrate hydrophobic organic contaminants by sorption or specific interactions, which can be transported to other systems such as the marine environment. In this study plastic debris was sampled in the surrounding area of a Mediterranean lagoon in order to determine the concentration of persistent and emerging organic contaminants. More specifically, desorption of 91 regulated and emerging organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, current-use pesticides, personal care products, other pesticides and plastic additives) was characterized for the first 24 h from different polymers to seawater and the remaining content of these contaminants was also extracted by ultrasonic extraction with methanol. All samples were analyzed by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction coupled to GC/MS. A significant fraction of sorbed contaminants in polymers was desorbed in the first 24 h, particularly for triazines and organophosphorus pesticides due to their lower hydrophobicity than other considered analytes. The remaining contaminants contained in plastics can be also transferred to seawater, sediments or biota. Considering 24 h desorbed fraction plus the remaining methanol extracted fraction, the highest transfer levels corresponded to personal care products, plastic additives, current-use pesticides and PAHs. This is the first study to show the relevance of the transport of organic contaminants on plastic debris from littoral areas to the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Inés García
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilia González
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Samper
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Verónica Fernández-González
- Grupo de Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Coruña, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo de Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Coruña, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain
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Liu L, Tang J, Zhong G, Zhen X, Pan X, Tian C. Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of four current-use pesticides (CUPs) in air and surface water of the Bohai Sea, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:516-523. [PMID: 29195200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Current-use pesticides (CUPs) are widely used in agriculture, and some are listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their bioaccumulative and toxic properties. China is one of the largest producers and users of pesticides in the world. However, very limited data are available about the environmental fates of CUPs. Four CUPs (trifluralin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol) in surface seawater and low atmospheric samples taken during research cruises on the Bohai Sea in August and December 2016 and February 2017 were analyzed, we added the spring data sampled in May 2012 to the discussion of seasonal variation. In our study, chlorpyrifos was the most abundant CUPs in the gas phase with a mean abundance of 59.06±126.94pgm-3, and dicofol had the highest concentration dissolved in seawater (mean: 115.94±123.16pgL-1). The concentrations of all target compounds were higher during May and August due to intensive use and relatively high temperatures in the spring and summer. Backward trajectories indicated that air masses passing through the eastern coast of the Bohai Sea contained high concentrations of pollutants, while the air masses from the Bohai and Yellow Seas were less polluted. The high concentration of pollutants in seawater was not only influenced by high yields from the source region of production or usage, but also by input from polluted rivers. Volatilization from surface water was found to be an important source of trifluralin and chlorpyrifos in the air. Air-sea gas exchange of chlorothalonil underwent strong net deposition (mean FRs: 51.67), which was driven by higher concentrations in air and indicates that the Bohai Sea acted as a sink for chlorothalonil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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Li Y, Long L, Ge J, Yang LX, Cheng JJ, Sun LX, Lu C, Yu XY. Presence, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice-wheat continuous cropping soils close to five industrial parks of Suzhou, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:753-761. [PMID: 28641227 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulated in agricultural soils are likely to threaten human health and ecosystem though the food chain, therefore, it is worth to pay more attention to soil contamination by PAHs. In this study, the presence, distribution and risk assessment of 16 priority PAHs in rice-wheat continuous cropping soils close to industrial parks of Suzhou were firstly investigated. The concentrations of the total PAHs ranged from 125.99 ng/g to 796.65 ng/g with an average of 352.94 ng/g. Phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLT), benzo [a] anthracene (BaA) and pyrene (PYR) were the major PAHs in those soil samples. The highest level of PAHs was detected in the soils around Chemical plant and Steelworks, followed by Printed wire board, Electroplate Factory and Paper mill. The composition of PAHs in the soils around Chemical plant was dominated by 3-ring PAHs, however, the predominant compounds were 4, 5-ring PAHs in the soils around other four factories. Meanwhile, the concentration of the total PAHs in the soils close to the factories showed a higher level of PAHs in November (during rice harvest) than that in June (during wheat harvest). Different with other rings of PAHs, 3-ring PAHs in the soils around Chemical plant and Steelworks had a higher concentration in June. The results of principal component analysis and isomeric ratio analysis suggested that PAHs in the studied areas mainly originated from biomass, coal and petroleum combustion. The risk assessment indicated that higher carcinogenic risk was found in those sites closer to the industrial park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling Long
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li-Xuan Yang
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jin-Jin Cheng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Sun
- Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, North of Wangting Town, Suzhou, 215155, China
| | - Changying Lu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, North of Wangting Town, Suzhou, 215155, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Yu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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36
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Moreno-González R, León VM. Presence and distribution of current-use pesticides in surface marine sediments from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (SE Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8033-8048. [PMID: 28132193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and seasonal distributions of current-use pesticides (CUPs), including triazines, organophosphorus pesticides, and tributylphosphate, were characterized in surface sediments from the Mar Menor lagoon during 2009 and 2010. The impact of two flash flood events on the input of CUPs and their distribution in the lagoon were also assessed. The total (dissolved + sorbed phase) input of CUPs in the two flash floods through the El Albujón watercourse into the lagoon was estimated at 38.9 kg, of which 9.9 kg corresponded to organophosphorus pesticides and 5.5 kg to triazines. CUP distribution onto sediments was not homogeneous in the lagoon due to the different contaminant sources, sediment types, and the physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions of the Mar Menor lagoon. Thirteen CUPs were detected in 2009 and 19 in 2010, including mainly herbicides, insecticides, and the additive tributylphosphate. Mean CUP concentrations in the lagoon were generally below 20 ng g-1, except for chlorpyrifos and tributylphosphate in 2010. The highest concentrations were detected in depositional areas of the lagoon, in the area of influence of the El Albujón watercourse and other wadis with groundwater contributions such as El Mirador (north) and Los Alcázares (east) and that of marine water from El Estacio channel. In fact, the maximum concentration was detected close to El Albujón watercourse (chlorpyrifos, 102.8 ng g-1 dry weight). Four herbicides, two insecticides, two fungicides, and tributylphosphate showed a risk quotient higher than 1, with that for chlorpyrifos ranging from 96 to 35,200 after flash flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moreno-González
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C / Varadero 1 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C / Varadero 1 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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