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Hofman‐Caris R, Dingemans M, Reus A, Shaikh SM, Muñoz Sierra J, Karges U, der Beek TA, Nogueiro E, Lythgo C, Parra Morte JM, Bastaki M, Serafimova R, Friel A, Court Marques D, Uphoff A, Bielska L, Putzu C, Ruggeri L, Papadaki P. Guidance document on the impact of water treatment processes on residues of active substances or their metabolites in water abstracted for the production of drinking water. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08194. [PMID: 37644961 PMCID: PMC10461463 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This guidance document provides a tiered framework for risk assessors and facilitates risk managers in making decisions concerning the approval of active substances (AS) that are chemicals in plant protection products (PPPs) and biocidal products, and authorisation of the products. Based on the approaches presented in this document, a conclusion can be drawn on the impact of water treatment processes on residues of the AS or its metabolites in surface water and/or groundwater abstracted for the production of drinking water, i.e. the formation of transformation products (TPs). This guidance enables the identification of actual public health concerns from exposure to harmful compounds generated during the processing of water for the production of drinking water, and it focuses on water treatment methods commonly used in the European Union (EU). The tiered framework determines whether residues from PPP use or residues from biocidal product use can be present in water at water abstraction locations. Approaches, including experimental methods, are described that can be used to assess whether harmful TPs may form during water treatment and, if so, how to assess the impact of exposure to these water treatment TPs (tTPs) and other residues including environmental TPs (eTPs) on human and domesticated animal health through the consumption of TPs via drinking water. The types of studies or information that would be required are described while avoiding vertebrate testing as much as possible. The framework integrates the use of weight-of-evidence and, when possible alternative (new approach) methods to avoid as far as possible the need for additional testing.
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Li W, Liu K, Min Z, Li J, Zhang M, Korshin GV, Han J. Transformation of macrolide antibiotics during chlorination process: Kinetics, degradation products, and comprehensive toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159800. [PMID: 36309261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are ubiquitous in wastewater and surface water and their presence is of grave concern. Chlorination, an important disinfection process used in wastewater treatment plants and waterworks, causes antibiotics to be degraded. However, interactions of antibiotics with chlorine result in the generation of multiple transformation products (TPs). TPs may be more toxic than the parent compounds, but their structures, yields and ecotoxicity remain to be ascertained in most cases. This study examined the degradation by chlorine of two typical macrolide (MLs) antibiotics, erythromycin (ERY) and roxithromycin (ROX), and identified the TPs formed as a result of ERY and ROX chlorination. The ecotoxicity of ERY, ROX and their TPs was evaluated using a combination of bioassay and ECOSAR prediction. The degradation of ERY and ROX followed pseudo-first-order kinetic at the molar ratio of FAC to MLs of 10:1, and the degradation kinetic rate depends on pH values. Six TPs of ERY including three chlorinated TPs, and six TPs of ROX including two chlorinated TPs were identified. The tertiary N of the desosamine moiety of ERY and ROX was determined to be the main reactive site. Demethylation and chlorine substitution at the reactive site are the main degradation pathways of ERY and ROX. ECOSAR results showed that the chlorinated byproducts of ERY TP578, TP542 and TP528, and the reduced hydroxylation products of ROX TP851 exhibited higher ecotoxicity than their parent compounds. However, algae growth inhibition assays indicated that the overall ecotoxicity of the chlorinated ERY or ROX mixture was lower than that of ERY or ROX prior to chlorination. This may be attributed to the removal of the parent compound and lower yields of toxic substances. While the yields of the toxic TPs may be low, their accumulation and combined effects of the TPs and other co-occurring pollutants should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zhongfang Min
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jiping Li
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 352700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, United States
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
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Moreno Ríos AL, Gutierrez-Suarez K, Carmona Z, Ramos CG, Silva Oliveira LF. Pharmaceuticals as emerging pollutants: Case naproxen an overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132822. [PMID: 34767851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including naproxen (NP), diclofenac, ibuprofen, etc., are widely used for fever and pain relief. NP is one of the most widely consumed drugs in the world, because it is available over the counter in many countries. Many studies have proven that NP is not eliminated in conventional water treatment processes and its biodegradation in the environment is also difficult compared to other drugs. Along these lines, we are aware that both the original compound and its metabolites can be found in different destinations in the environment. To assess the environmental exposure and the risks associated with NP, it is important to understand better the environment where they finally reach, the behavior of its original compounds, its metabolites, and its transformation products. In this sense, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge about the introduction and behavior of NP in the environments they reach and highlight research needs and gaps. Likewise, we present the sources, environmental destinations, toxicology, environmental effects, and quantification methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Liliana Moreno Ríos
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Karol Gutierrez-Suarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Zenen Carmona
- Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Claudete Gindri Ramos
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Luis Felipe Silva Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
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Tan C, Zhao H, Wang X, Yu H, Chong S, Xu Y, Du E, Chen M, Peng X, Su L. Feasibility of micropollutants removal by solar-activated persulfate: Reactive oxygen species formation and influence on DBPs. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:117981. [PMID: 34952455 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a natural source of visible light and a type of renewable energy, solar energy is extensively used in the field of photochemistry. In this study, solar was employed to activate persulfate (PS) to degrade typical micropollutants. The removal kinetics of aspirin (ASA) and flunixin meglumine (FMME) in the solar/PS system were well fitted by pseudo-first-order models (R2 > 0.99). In the system containing 1.0 mM PS activated by solar irradiation at a fluence of 1.14 × 10-4 E·m-2·s-1, 72.6% and 97.5% of ASA and FMME were degraded, and the corresponding kinetic constants were 6.8-9.8 × 10-2 and 1.6-9.8 × 10-1 min-1, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicated that sulfate radical (SO4·-) played a major role in degradation, with the maximum contributions of 77.7% and 88.8% for the degradation of ASA and FMME, whereas the maximum contributions of hydroxyl radical (·OH) were only 11.6% and 6.5%, respectively. The contributions of singlet oxygen (1O2) were less than 15% at pH 5.5, but increased to 25.6% and 45.5% at pH 8.5, respectively. Solar/PS pre-oxidation increased disinfection byproducts (DBPs) (95.8% for trihalomethanes (THMs) and 47.9% for haloacetic acids (HAAs) at pH 7.0) after chlorination in deionized water, and an opposite trend was found in systems coexisting with natural organic matter (NOM). Residual PS after oxidation resulted in a high aquatic toxicity, with an inhibition rate of 18.70% to algae growth. Economic analysis showed that the electrical energy per order values of the system ranged from 23.5 to 86.5 kWh·m-3·order-1, indicating that the solar/PS system shows promise for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Tan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Seng Chong
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- Research Center of Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Xiaoming Peng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Lianghu Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Mazur DM, Lebedev AT. Transformation of Organic Compounds during Water Chlorination/Bromination: Formation Pathways for Disinfection By-Products (A Review). JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 77. [PMCID: PMC9924213 DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822140052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The purity of drinking water is an important issue of the human life quality. Water disinfection has saved millions people from the diseases spread with water. However, that procedure has a certain drawback due to formation of toxic organic disinfection products. Establishing the structures of these products and the mechanisms of their formation and diminishing their levels in drinking water represent an important task for chemistry and medicine, while mass spectrometry is the most efficient tool for the corresponding studies. The current review throws light upon natural and anthropogenic sources of the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the mechanisms of their formation related to the structural peculiarities and the presence of functional groups. In addition to chlorination, bromination is discussed since it is used quite often as an alternative method of disinfection, particularly, for the purification of swimming pool water. The benefits of the contemporary GC/MS and LC/MS methods for the elucidation of DBP structures and study of the mechanisms of their formation are discussed. The reactions characteristic for various functional groups and directions of transformation of certain classes of organic compounds in conditions of aqueous chlorination/bromination are also covered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Mazur
- Organic Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. T. Lebedev
- M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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Knutson C, Pflug NC, Yeung W, Grobstein M, Patterson EV, Cwiertny DM, Gloer JB. Computational Approaches for the Prediction of Environmental Transformation Products: Chlorination of Steroidal Enones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14658-14666. [PMID: 34637294 PMCID: PMC8567416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the fate and effects of transformation products generated from emerging pollutant classes, and new tools that help predict the products most likely to form will aid in risk assessment. Here, using a family of structurally related steroids (enones, dienones, and trienones), we evaluate the use of density functional theory to help predict products from reaction with chlorine, a common chemical disinfectant. For steroidal dienones (e.g., dienogest) and trienones (e.g., 17β-trenbolone), computational data support that reactions proceed through spontaneous C4 chlorination to yield 4-chloro derivatives for trienones and, after further reaction, 9,10-epoxide structures for dienones. For testosterone, a simple steroidal enone, in silico predictions suggest that C4 chlorination is still most likely, but slow at environmentally relevant conditions. Predictions were then assessed through laboratory chlorination reactions (0.5-5 mg Cl2/L) with product characterization via HRMS and NMR, which confirmed near exclusive 4-chloro and 9,10-epoxide products for most trienones and all dienones, respectively. Also consistent with computational expectations, testosterone was effectively unreactive at these same chlorine levels, although products consistent with in silico predictions were observed at higher concentrations (in excess of 500 mg Cl2/L). Although slight deviations from in silico predictions were observed for steroids with electron-rich substituents (e.g., C17 allyl-substituted altrenogest), this work highlights the potential for computational approaches to improve our understanding of transformation products generated from emerging pollutant classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas C. Pflug
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wyanna Yeung
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Matthew Grobstein
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Eric V. Patterson
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David M. Cwiertny
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - James B. Gloer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Tan C, Jian X, Su L, Lu X, Huang J, Deng J, Chu W. Kinetic removal of acetaminophen and phenacetin during LED-UV 365 photolysis of persulfate system: Reactive oxygen species generation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129337. [PMID: 33387793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (ACT) and phenacetin (PNT) removal during light-emitting diode (LED)-UV photolysis of persulfate (PS) was evaluated with a typical wavelength of 365 nm. Decay of PNT and ACT in pH ranges of 5.5-8.5 followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Maximum pseudo-first order rate constants (kobs) of ACT and PNT decomposition of 1.8 × 10-1 and 1.2 × 10-1 min-1, respectively, were obtained at pH 8.5. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH), sulfate radicals (SO4·-), superoxide radicals (O2-·), and singlet oxygen (1O2) were determined in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and alcohol scavenging tests. The average contributions of ·OH and SO4·- were 23.5% and 53.0% for PNT removal, and 15.9% and 53.0% for ACT removal at pH ranges of 5.5-8.5. In samples subjected to chlorination after LED-UV365/PS pre-oxidation, a relatively small total concentration of five halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) was obtained of 90.9 μg L-1 (pH 5.5) and 126.7 μg L-1 (pH 7.0), which is 58.5% and 30.2% lower than that in system without LED-UV365/PS pre-oxidation. Meanwhile, a higher maximum value of total DBP concentration was obtained at pH 8.5 (445.6 μg L-1) following LED-UV365/PS pre-oxidation. The results of economy evaluation showed that UV365 was more cost-effective in application for organic contaminant removal compared with UV254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Tan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xinchi Jian
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lianghu Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xu Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yangze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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9
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zheng X, Li Z. A high specific surface 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol (PAN)-modified carbon-based silicon film with cellulose nanocrystalline structure for the efficient adsorption of rare-earth elements. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystalline solution forms a cellulose silicon film with a chiral phase sequence structure by self-assembly. The adsorption performance of silicon film to rare earth ions is improved by the two-step modification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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Tan C, Wu H, He H, Lu X, Gao H, Deng J, Chu W. Anti-inflammatory drugs degradation during LED-UV 365 photolysis of free chlorine: roles of reactive oxidative species and formation of disinfection by-products. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116252. [PMID: 32763529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diode (LED) is environmentally friendly with longer life compared with traditionally mercury lamps. This study investigated the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)- phenacetin (PNT) and acetaminophen (ACT)- removal during LED-UV (365 nm) photolysis of free available chlorine (FAC). Degradation of PNT and ACT during LED-UV365/FAC treatment at pH 5.5-8.5 followed the pseudo-first order kinetics. The presence of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), reactive chlorine species (RCS), and ozone (O3, transformed from O (3P)) were screened by using scavengers of ethanol (EtOH), tert-Butanol (TBA), and 3-buten-2ol, and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP), and quantified by competition kinetics with probing compounds of nitrobenzene (NB), benzoate acid (BA), 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DMOB). Higher pH would lead to decrease of ·OH contribution and an increase of FAC contribution to PNT and ACT degradation. It has been determined that the contribution of O3 to degradation of PNT and ACT was less than 5% for all pHs, and O3(P) reacts toward EtOH with second-order constant of 1.52 × 109 M-1s-1. LED-UV365/FAC system reduced the formation of five typical CX3-R type disinfection by-products (DBPs) as well as the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of water samples at pH 5.5 and 8.5, compared with FAC alone. The decrease of DBPs formation resulted from fast FAC decomposition upon LED-UV365 irradiation. A feasible reaction pathway of DBPs formation in the LED-UV365/FAC system was examined with density functional theory (DFT). For FAC decay during LED-UV365/FAC with effluent from wastewater, the residual FAC in 15 min was 0.8 mg/L (lower than limit of 0.2 mg/L) once initial FAC was 2.0 mg/L. The results indicate that more tests on the balance of target pollutant removal efficiency, residual FAC and cost should be explored in LED-UV365/FAC system for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Tan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Haotian Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huan He
- Depart of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2007, United States
| | - Xu Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haiying Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- Key laboratory of Yangze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Tan C, Cui X, Sun K, Xiang H, Du E, Deng L, Gao H. Kinetic mechanism of ozone activated peroxymonosulfate system for enhanced removal of anti-inflammatory drugs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139250. [PMID: 32446064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was employed as an activator of ozone (O3) to degrade non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (aspirin (ASA) and phenacetin (PNT)) in study. The combination of PMS in O3 system promoted the O3 decomposition and NSAIDs removal significantly. O3 molecule, hydroxyl radical (OH) and sulfate radical (SO4-) were responsible for the removal of target pollutants in O3/PMS system. The second-rate constants between O3, OH and SO4- with ASA were determined to be 7.32, 4.18 × 109 and 3.46 × 108 M-1·s-1, and 37.3, 4.99 × 109 and 5.64 × 108 M-1·s-1 for PNT, respectively. The pattern of pollutant removal and contributions of oxidative species were fitted by experiments and two models. Nevertheless, the wide variety of two models suggested that a comprehensive model for O3/PMS based on a first-principles approach was not yet possible, due to the number of radicals and subsequent chain reaction, such as SO5- or O3-. In addition, the formation of five typical CX3R -type disinfection by products was evaluated from post‑chlorine tests and theoretically calculation by frontier electron density calculation. The calculated toxicity of typical CX3R -type DBPs was found to decrease with the increase of pH. The results of this study provide a basis for exploring the mechanism of pollutant degradation in O3 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Tan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Xinxin Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Kecun Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huiming Xiang
- Skate Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai City 200092, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ling Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haiying Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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12
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Chen S, Cai M, Liu Y, Zhang L, Feng L. Effects of water matrices on the degradation of naproxen by reactive radicals in the UV/peracetic acid process. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:153-161. [PMID: 30508712 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The UV/peracetic acid (UV/PAA) process as a novel advanced oxidation process has been reported to produce carbon-centered radicals (RC•) for Naproxen (NAP) degradation, which is a representative of naphthyl structure substances. Real water matrices, such as carbonate and bicarbonate ions (CO32-/HCO3-), humic acid (HA), and chloride ion (Cl-), may react with these reactive radicals and change their contributions to NAP degradation. The results showed that RC• contributed 60.8% and •OH contributed 39.2% to NAP degradation in pure water by a competition method. CO32-/HCO3- (0-20 mM) showed minimal effect on NAP degradation in the UV/PAA process, meanwhile, it has observable inhibition effect on NAP degradation in the UV/H2O2 process (mainly of •OH) and minimal effect in the UV/PAA process with tert-butanol (TBA) (mainly of RC•). Results suggested that CO32-/HCO3- could react with •OH yielding CO3•- with low reactivity to NAP, CO3•- could further react with PAA to produce RC•. This speculation was confirmed by the increased contribution of RC• to NAP degradation with the increase of CO32-/HCO3- concentration through the competition method. HA (0-5 mg/L) had a higher scavenging capacity for RC• than •OH because HA with naphthyl structure was likely to be attacked by RC•. Cl- (0-200 mM) had little effect on NAP degradation in the UV/PAA and UV/H2O2 processes, while exerted an observable inhibition on NAP degradation in the UV/PAA process with TBA. This finding suggested that Cl- could react with RC• to produce Cl•, which could further convert into HOCl•-, and then excess •OH was formed. The new knowledge on the conversion of reactive radicals obtained in this study provides an important basis for facilitating further research on the UV/PAA advanced oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Meiquan Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Bian T, Xia D, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Li Z. Optimum selective separation of Cu(ii) using 3D ordered macroporous chitosan films with different pore sizes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13065-13076. [PMID: 35520773 PMCID: PMC9063786 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3DOM-IICF coupled with colloidal crystal template and ion imprinting technology (IIP) was used to absorb copper ions (Cu(ii)) in water. Added polystyrene (PS) micro-spheres to form a three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- PR China
| | - Tingting Bian
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- PR China
| | - Da Xia
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- PR China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- PR China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- PR China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
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14
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Wei N, Zheng X, Ou H, Yu P, Li Q, Feng S. Fabrication of an amine-modified ZIF-8@GO membrane for high-efficiency adsorption of copper ions. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are a class of hybrid organic–inorganic supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center
- Changzhou 213164
| | - Hongxiang Ou
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center
- Changzhou 213164
| | - Peilin Yu
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center
- Changzhou 213164
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