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Bugda H, Guven Ezer B, Rencuzogullari E. In vitro screening of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of pyriproxyfen in human lymphocytes and Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:955-961. [PMID: 35982527 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPX) is a pesticide/larvicide used to increase productivity in agriculture against insects by inhibiting development of insects' larvae. In this study, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of PPX were investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes and Salmonella typhimurium strains by performing chromosomal aberration, micronucleus (MN) tests, and Ames test, respectively. For the chromosome aberration (CA) and MN methods, blood from four healthy donors (two men and two women, nonsmokers) were used. Two hundred microliters of blood was inoculated into PbMax medium and prepared according to International Guidelines. For the Ames test, S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains were used to detect frameshift and base pair substitution mutagens, respectively. PPX induced both the CA percentage and MN frequency in human peripheral lymphocytes and exhibited cytotoxic effects. In addition, it showed a mutagenic effect at all doses in TA98 and TA100 strains in the presence of S9mix; however, no such effect was observed in the absence of S9mix. According to the obtained results, it can be said that PPX has genotoxic and mutagenic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Bugda
- Department of Biology, Adiyaman University, Institute of Graduate Education, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Banu Guven Ezer
- Department of Biology, Adiyaman University, Institute of Graduate Education, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Eyyup Rencuzogullari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Salesa B, Torres-Gavilá J, Sancho E, Ferrando MD. Multigenerational effects of the insecticide Pyriproxyfen and recovery in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:164013. [PMID: 37164084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an ecotoxicological approach to the evaluation of the insecticide Pyriproxifen in the crustacean Daphnia magna was done. Acute toxicity tests (48 h), feeding behavior test (5 h) and chronic toxicity test (21 days) were carried out on a parental daphnid generation (F0). Pyriproxifen D. magna EC50 value in our experimental conditions was 336.47 μg/L. Based on this result, sublethal test concentrations were selected for the feeding study and the F0 chronic experiment. Filtration and ingestion rates of D. magna exposed animals did not show any significant difference respect to control daphnids. However, daphnids from the parental F0 generation when exposed to the insecticide during 21 days showed a decreased in all the reproductive parameters tested (mean total neonates per female, mean brood size, time to first brood, and mean number of broods per female) as well as in the population statistic growth rate (r), although survival was not affected. On the other hand, offspring from F0 females exposed to the highest Pyriproxifen concentration (14.02 μg/L) were separated in two F1 generation experiments. One group was transferred during 21 days to a medium free of toxicant (F1 generation-TC group) while the other group was exposed during 21 days to the same insecticide concentration as their mothers (14.02 μg/L) (F1 generation-TT group). Results from both experiments determined a decreased in most of the reproductive parameters which was higher in the F1-TT group, although some of them were recovered in the F1-TC group. On the other hand, the morphological analysis of the daphnids showed that the coloration pattern was altered in the daphnids exposed to the insecticide, together with a significant size decreased, and neonates from F0 progeny with the same morphological abnormality. Finally, we determined that the insecticide caused the appearance of males among the offspring generated by the F0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Salesa
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Torres-Gavilá
- Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina (IMEDMAR-UCV), c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Encarnación Sancho
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Dept. Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ferrando
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Dept. Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Hanada H, Morishita F, Sanoh S, Kashiwagi K, Kashiwagi A. Long-term Xenopus laevis tadpole -heart-organ-culture: Physiological changes in cholinergic and adrenergic sensitivities of tadpole heart with thyroxine-treatment. Curr Res Physiol 2023; 6:100100. [PMID: 38107785 PMCID: PMC10724204 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study clarified changes in physiological sensitivities of cultured Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57 Xenopus laevis tadpole-organ-heart exposed to thyroxine (T4) using acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE) and atropine. For preliminary life span and the chemical tests, 60% minimum essential medium (MEM), two types of modified Hank's balanced salt-solution-culture-media (MHBSS-CM) I and II containing relatively lower concentrations of amino acids and collagen were prepared. In preliminary lifespan-test of cultured tadpole hearts, the hearts maintained in 60% MEM was 50 days on average, whereas that of the tadpole-hearts in MHBSS-CMs was extended by 109 days on average, showing superior effectiveness of MHBSS-CMs. 4 min-stimulation by 5 × 10-9 M T4 tended to increase the tadpole heartbeat. 10-9 M ACh decreased the tadpole heartbeat. Frog-heart at 2-4 weeks after metamorphosis completion and tadpole heart treated with 5 × 10-10 M T4 for 45 h also responded to 10-9 M ACh, and low-resting hearts were restored to the control level with the competitive muscarinic antagonist 10-8 M atropine, whereas excessive exposure of 10-5 M atropine to T4-treated tadpole heart did not increase heartbeat in spite of the increased frog heartbeat over the control. 10-14 -10-12 M NE increase the tadpole heartbeat in a concentration-dependent manner, however, 10-12 M NE did not act to stimulate adrenergic receptors on both T4-treated tadpole- and the frog-hearts. These results suggest that T4 induces the desensitization of atropine-sensitive muscarinic and adrenergic receptors in organ-cultured tadpole-heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hanada
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Morishita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kashiwagi
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Bertrand L, Iturburu FG. Pesticides bioassays using neotropical aquatic species: Trends during the last twenty years and future challenges in Argentina. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138369. [PMID: 36935061 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems is one of the most relevant stressors which biota usually face. Laboratory tests using model organisms for pesticides toxicity assessment are employed worldwide. The use of these species has been encouraged in the scientific community due to their advantageous features and their acceptation by regulatory and standardization organizations. However, non-model species as well as those belonging particular ecosystems could contribute in the laboratory-field toxicity extrapolation. In this context, this work aims on exploring the state of the ecotoxicological studies of pesticides in neotropical aquatic species, focusing on bioassays performed in Argentina over the last 20 years as a case of study. Furthermore, we analyzed the possible advantages and disadvantages of these studies, possible differential sensitivities among native and model species, and future challenges to be faced. The analysis of more than 150 publications allowed identify the chemical identity of tested compounds, organisms used for the bioassays, characteristics of the experimental designs, and the toxicity endpoints. Particularly, the studied cases showed that the tested chemicals are related to those most used in the agricultural activity in Argentina, the predilection for particular species in some taxonomic groups (e.g. amphibians), and the wide election of biochemical biomarkers in the studies. Regarding the sensitivity comparison between native and non-native species, the amount of data available indicates that there is not a clear difference beyond some particular cases. However, deeper understanding of toxic effects of pesticides on non-model species could help in a more comprehensive ecological risk assessment in different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwina Bertrand
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología - CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de La Torre Esq. Medina Allende, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Gastón Iturburu
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - IIMyC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, UNMdP, Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Schvezov N, Caffetti J, Silva C, Boeris J, Baldo D, Lajmanovich R. Impact of soil from monoculture pine plantations on two anuran species from the Atlantic Forest: Odontophrynus reigi and Leptodactylus luctator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161769. [PMID: 36702263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoculture tree plantations reduces landscape heterogeneity and the number and diversity of habitats available for species. Physical-chemical changes in soil may affect the ponds where tadpoles develop. This work aimed to study the effect on tadpoles of two species of frogs, Leptodactylus luctator (Ll) and Odontophrynus reigi (Or) exposed to soils from a pine plantation (PP), which were compared to tadpoles exposed to soils from Atlantic Forest, the native forest (NF). The impact of soils from both places on growth, development, antioxidant system and genetic damage of Ll and Or tadpoles were observed. A composite sample (5 kg) of soil was taken from the top 10 cm stratum in a 200 m transect in each site, with random plots of 50x50cm. In collected soil samples Organic Matter (OM), Organic Carbon (OC), and Total Nitrogen (TN) were determined. We conducted laboratory experiments, from 23 until 38 Gosner stages. During the experiment, pH and ammonium in the water were determined. Soil from NF presented higher content of OM, OC and TN, and water pH in PP was 0.2 units lower than in NF. Both species showed ≈60 % increase of catalase activity in PP, and ≈40 % increase of lipid peroxidation in NF. Ll tadpoles presented 10 times higher protein oxidation in PP than in NF, but Gosner stage was higher in NF. In NF the higher OM and OC in both species causes the increase of lipid peroxidation; and Ll responds to a stressor in PP that in Or is not observed. Or presented lower stress response towards PP soils, which indicates a tolerance towards this soil. The changes observed in soil chemistry, although not big from a physical-chemical point of view, affects the growth, development and oxidative stress of two species of anuran tadpoles from the NF, which can affect future populations and anuran diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Schvezov
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Jacqueline Caffetti
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Carla Silva
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Juan Boeris
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Rafael Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, RN168 Santa Fe, Argentina
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Pontes JRS, Lopes I, Ribeiro R, Araújo CVM. Humane acute testing with tadpoles for risk assessment of chemicals: Avoidance instead of lethality. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135197. [PMID: 35691390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the sensitivity of amphibians to contamination, data from fish have been commonly used to predict the effects of chemicals on aquatic life stages. However, recent studies have highlighted that toxicity data derived from fish species may not protect all the aquatic life stages of amphibians. For pesticide toxicity assessment (PTA), EFSA has highlighted that more information on lethal toxicity for the aquatic life stages of amphibians is still needed to reduce uncertainties. The current review aims to propose a test with amphibians based on spatial avoidance, as a more humane alternative method to the lethality tests for chemicals. A review of lethal toxicity tests carried out with amphibians in the period between 2018 and 2021 is presented, then we discuss the suitability of using fish toxicity data as a surrogate to predict the effects on more sensitive amphibian groups. The possible differences in sensitivity to chemicals may justify the need to develop further tests with amphibian embryos and larvae in order to reduce uncertainties. A new test is proposed focused on the avoidance behaviour of organisms fleeing from contamination to replace lethal tests. As avoidance indicates the threshold at which organisms will flee from contamination, a reduction in the population density, or its disappearance, at the local scale due to emigration is expected, with ecological consequences analogous to mortality. Avoidance tests provide an ethical advantage over lethal tests as they respect the concepts of the 3 Rs (mainly Refinement), reducing the suffering of the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rodolfo S Pontes
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Valbon W, Araújo SHC, Nery RS, Barbosa JF, Newland PL, Oliveira EE. Sublethal exposure to pyriproxyfen does not impair the abilities of the backswimmer Buenoa amnigenus to prey upon Aedes aegypti larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:998-1008. [PMID: 35779162 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analogue that is commonly used to control the immature stages of mosquitoes in both artificial and natural water reservoirs. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the community effectiveness of pyriproxyfen in preventing vector-transmitted diseases. Such concerns have been based on the unintended effects on non-target organisms and the selection of resistant mosquito populations. This investigation was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the toxicity of pyriproxyfen to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae and the backswimmer Buenoa amnigenus (Hemiptera: Notonectidae), a naturally occurring mosquito larvae predator. We also assessed the abilities of backswimmers exposed to sublethal levels of pyriproxyfen to prey upon mosquito larvae (L2) under three larval densities (3, 6, or 9 larvae/100 mL of water) using artificial containers. Our results revealed that pyriproxyfen killed backswimmers only at concentrations higher than 100 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/L, which is 10 times higher than that recommended for larvicidal field application (i.e, 10 μg a.i./L). The abilities of backswimmers exposed to sublethal levels of pyriproxyfen (100 μg a.i./L) to prey upon mosquito larvae were not affected. Harmful effects on the backswimmer predatory abilities were detected only at concentrations of 150 μg a.i./L and when there was a higher prey availability (i.e., 9 larvae/100 mL of water). Together, our findings indicate that the reduced community effectiveness of this insecticide derives from factors other than its detrimental effects on non-target organisms such as backswimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Valbon
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - Ritanne S Nery
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Julianna F Barbosa
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Philip L Newland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Bassó A, Devin S, Peltzer PM, Attademo AM, Lajmanovich RC. The integrated biomarker response in three anuran species larvae at sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, and glufosinate-ammonium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:687-696. [PMID: 35852372 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2099197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response in larvae of the anuran species Rhinella arenarum, Rhinella dorbignyi and Odontophrynus americanus exposed to glyphosate (GLY, 2.5 mg L-1), cypermethrin (CYP, 0.013 mg L-1), chlorpyrifos (CP, 0.1 mg L-1) and glufosinate-ammonium (GLU, 15 mg L-1) using two behavioral endpoints: mean speed (MS) and total distance moved (TD); and two enzymatic biomarkers: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). In order to assess a global response and to determine the most sensitive species, an integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was calculated. Behavioral biomarkers were tested at 1 and 60 min, and the enzymes at 60 min after exposure. The results showed that: (1) there were statistical differences between species in a series of responses in swimming behavior, and cholinesterase activities within the first-hour of exposure to CYP, GLY, and CP at environmentally relevant concentrations (ERC); (2) IBR determined that Rhinella species were the most sensitive of the species tested and (3) IBR provided a comprehensive assessment of the health status of species exposed to ERC of a wide variety of agrochemicals globally and frequently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Bassó
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Simon Devin
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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María Teresa S, Romina G, Lucila Marilén C, Fernanda A, Rafael Carlos L, Paola Mariela P. Anuran heart development and critical developmental periods: a comparative analysis of three Neotropical anuran species. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3441-3455. [PMID: 35412699 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart begins to form early during vertebrate development and is the first functional organ of the embryo. This study aimed to describe and compare the heart development in three Neotropical anuran species, Physalaemus albonotatus, Elachistocleis bicolor, and Scinax nasicus. Different Gosner Stages (GS) of embryos (GS 18-20) and premetamorphic (GS 21-25), prometamorphic (GS 26-41) and metamorphic (GS 42-46) tadpoles were analyzed using stereoscopic microscopy and Scanning Electronic Microscopy. Heart development was similar in the three analyzed species; however, some heterochronic events were identified between P. albonotatus and S. nasicus compared to E. bicolor. In addition, different patterns of melanophores arrangement were observed. During the embryonic and metamorphic periods, the main morphogenetic events occur: formation of the heart tube, regionalization of the heart compartments, development of spiral valve, onset of heartbeat, looping, and final displacement of the atrium and its complete septation. Both periods are critical for the normal morphogenesis and the correct functioning of the anuran heart. These results are useful to characterize the normal anuran heart morphology and to identify possible abnormalities caused by exposure to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandoval María Teresa
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gaona Romina
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Curi Lucila Marilén
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste (INICNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCV, UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Abreliano Fernanda
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Lajmanovich Rafael Carlos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Peltzer Paola Mariela
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
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10
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Peltzer PM, Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Attademo AM, Martinuzzi CS, Colussi CL, Lajmanovich RC. Risk of chlorine dioxide as emerging contaminant during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: enzyme, cardiac, and behavior effects on amphibian tadpoles. TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [PMCID: PMC8564275 DOI: 10.1007/s13530-021-00116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective The use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) increased in the last year to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its use as disinfectant and therapeutic human treatments against viral infections. The absence of toxicological studies and sanitary regulation of this contaminant represents a serious threat to human and environmental health worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of ClO2 on tadpoles of Trachycephalus typhonius, which is a common bioindicator species of contamination from aquatic ecosystems. Materials and methods Median lethal concentration (LC50), the lowest-observed effect concentration (LOEC), and the no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) were performed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, swimming behavior parameters, and cardiac rhythm were estimated on tadpoles of concentrations ≤ LOEC exposed at 24 and 96 h. ANOVA and Dunnett’s post-hoc comparisons were performed to define treatments significance (p ≤ 0.05). Results The LC50 of ClO2 was 4.17 mg L−1 (confidence limits: 3.73–4.66). In addition, NOEC and LOEC values were 1.56 and 3.12 mg L−1 ClO2, respectively, at 48 h. AChE and GST activities, swimming parameters, and heart rates increased in sublethal exposure of ClO2 (0.78–1.56 mg L−1) at 24 h. However, both enzyme activities and swimming parameters decreased, whereas heart rates increased at 96 h. Conclusion Overall, this study determined that sublethal concentrations of ClO2 produced alterations on antioxidant systems, neurotoxicity reflected on swimming performances, and variations in cardiac rhythm on treated tadpoles. Thus, our findings highlighted the need for urgent monitoring of this chemical in the aquatic ecosystems. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13530-021-00116-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M. Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M. Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela S. Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlina L. Colussi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rafael C. Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Nimet J, Leite NF, Paulin AF, Margarido VP, Moresco RM. Use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Adipose Tissue for Detection of Bioaccumulation of Pyriproxyfen in Adults of Lithobates catesbeianus. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:911-916. [PMID: 34415366 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were: (i) evaluate the efficacy of using amphibian adipose tissue as a valid biomarker of water contaminated by pyriproxyfen; and (ii) verify the use of Lithobates catesbeianus in laboratory experiments as a potential bioindicator for bioaccumulation of pesticide in adipose tissue from amphibians. Adult frogs were exposed to different dilutions (0.002 g/L and 0.02 g/L) of Sumilarv® (pyriproxyfen) over 50 days. The average results of the fortified sample were 108%, indicating that the test method was effective. Adult frogs exposed to the standard dose recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed bioaccumulation of pyriproxyfen in adipose tissue significantly higher than control animals. Lithobates catesbeianus proved to be an effective bioindicator and the adipose tissue was an efficient biomarker to bioaccumulation of pyriproxyfen. We conclude that high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was effective measuring pyriproxyfen bioaccumulation in adult amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardel Nimet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Natalício Ferreira Leite
- Centro de Tecnologia em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Área Agroquímica, Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (TECPAR), Rua Prof Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Alex Fabiano Paulin
- Centro de Tecnologia em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Área Agroquímica, Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (TECPAR), Rua Prof Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pavan Margarido
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Maria Moresco
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
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12
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Luckmann MR, de Melo MS, Spricigo MC, da Silva NM, Nazari EM. Pyriproxyfen exposure induces DNA damage, cell proliferation impairments and apoptosis in the brain vesicles layers of chicken embryos. Toxicology 2021; 464:152998. [PMID: 34695508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Larvicide pyriproxyfen (PPF), used in drinking water reservoirs to control Aedes mosquitoes, has already been shown as a possible cause of congenital anomalies in the central nervous system. However, the neurotoxic effects of PPF on the development of vertebrate embryos are still underexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PPF on the morphometric parameters of the head and brain, as well as on the cell layers of the forebrain and midbrain, using embryos of Gallus domesticus as a model. Two sublethal PPF concentrations (0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L), as defined by a survival curve, were tested. Analysis of the biometry of embryos showed significant reduction in body and brain mass and also in measurements of the head and brain. A reduction in cell layer thickness of the forebrain and midbrain was observed, accompanied by a reduction in the numerical density of cells per area. Changes in brain and head sizes and in the thickness of the cell layers of the forebrain and midbrain were significant at 10 mg/L PPF. Notably, PPF caused DNA doublestrand breaks and induced apoptosis in embryos exposed to 10 mg/L, which were accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation. Regarding neuronal and glial differentiation, no changes were observed in the number of neurons and glial cells on the analyzed layers. Furthermore, PPF did not impact the head ossification process. These findings reveal that PPF is a strong stressor for neurodevelopment, causing damage to the cell architecture of brain vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maico Roberto Luckmann
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Celene Spricigo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Norma Machado da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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13
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Vancamp P, Spirhanzlova P, Sébillot A, Butruille L, Gothié JD, Le Mével S, Leemans M, Wejaphikul K, Meima M, Mughal BB, Roques P, Remaud S, Fini JB, Demeneix BA. The pyriproxyfen metabolite, 4'-OH-PPF, disrupts thyroid hormone signaling in neural stem cells, modifying neurodevelopmental genes affected by ZIKA virus infection. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117654. [PMID: 34289950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
North-Eastern Brazil saw intensive application of the insecticide pyriproxyfen (PPF) during the microcephaly outbreak caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV). ZIKV requires the neural RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 to replicate. Thyroid hormone (TH) represses MSI1. PPF is a suspected TH disruptor. We hypothesized that co-exposure to the main metabolite of PPF, 4'-OH-PPF, could exacerbate ZIKV effects through increased MSI1 expression. Exposing an in vivo reporter model, Xenopus laevis, to 4'-OH-PPF decreased TH signaling and increased msi1 mRNA and protein, confirming TH-antagonistic properties. Next, we investigated the metabolite's effects on mouse subventricular zone-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). Exposure to 4'-OH-PPF dose-dependently reduced neuroprogenitor proliferation and dysregulated genes implicated in neurogliogenesis. The highest dose induced Msi1 mRNA and protein, increasing cell apoptosis and the ratio of neurons to glial cells. Given these effects of the metabolite alone, we considered if combined infection with ZIKV worsened neurogenic events. Only at the fourth and last day of incubation did co-exposure of 4'-OH-PPF and ZIKV decrease viral replication, but viral RNA copies stayed within the same order of magnitude. Intracellular RNA content of NSCs was decreased in the combined presence of 4'-OH-PPF and ZIKV, suggesting a synergistic block of transcriptional machinery. Seven out of 12 tested key genes in TH signaling and neuroglial commitment were dysregulated by co-exposure, of which four were unaltered when exposed to 4'-OH-PPF alone. We conclude that 4'-OH-PPF is an active TH-antagonist, altering NSC processes known to underlie correct cortical development. A combination of the TH-disrupting metabolite and ZIKV could aggravate the microcephaly phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Petra Spirhanzlova
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Sébillot
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Gothié
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Le Mével
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Karn Wejaphikul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Marcel Meima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bilal B Mughal
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Roques
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Valbon WR, Hatano E, Oliveira NRX, Ataíde ÁD, Corrêa MJM, Gomes SF, Martins GF, Haddi K, Alvarenga ES, Oliveira EE. Detrimental effects of pyriproxyfen on the detoxification and abilities of Belostoma anurum to prey upon Aedes aegypti larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117130. [PMID: 33910136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite being effective in controlling mosquito larvae and a few other target organisms, the application of insecticides into aquatic systems may cause unintended alterations to the physiology or behavioral responses of several aquatic non-target organisms, which can ultimately lead to their death. Here, we firstly evaluated whether the susceptibility of the giant water bug, Belostoma anurum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), a predator of mosquito larvae, to pyriproxyfen would be similar to that of its potential prey, larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Secondly, we recorded the nominal concentrations of pyriproxyfen in water and evaluated whether sublethal exposures would lead to physiological or behavioral alterations on the B. anurum nymphs. We characterized the activities of three major families of detoxification enzymes (i.e., cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glutathione-S-transferase, and general esterases) and further evaluated the abilities of pyriproxyfen sublethally-exposed B. anurum to prey upon A. aegypti larvae at different prey densities. Our findings revealed that nominal pyriproxyfen concentration significantly decreased (approximately 50%) over the first 24 h. Furthermore, when applied at the concentration of 10 μg a.i./L, pyriproxyfen was approximately four times more toxic to A. aegypti larvae (LT50 = 48 h) than to B. anurum nymphs (LT50 = 192 h). Interestingly, the pyriproxyfen sublethally-exposed (2.5 μg a.i./L) B. anurum nymphs exhibited reduced enzyme activities (cytochrome P450 monooxygenases) involved in detoxication processes and preyed significantly less on A. aegypti larvae when compared to unexposed predators. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that mortality-based pyriproxyfen risk assessments are not always protective of aquatic non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Valbon
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hatano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Álvaro D Ataíde
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Sabriny F Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Khalid Haddi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Elson S Alvarenga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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15
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Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14119. [PMID: 34238977 PMCID: PMC8266888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional larvicide delivery strategies originally developed for permanent and floodwater mosquitoes have proved suboptimal in the small, scattered, and cryptic larval habitats preferred by container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes. New methods such as autodissemination, wherein adult mosquitoes spread insecticides to their own larval habitats, have been under study. Another novel delivery method termed heterodissemination, i.e. larvicide delivery by other species sharing the same habitats, has also been proposed. We conducted a proof-of-concept study with four independent experiments using American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and green frogs Lithobates clamitans as carriers of pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator, under semi-field conditions in three different locations, two in New Jersey, and one in Utah. Frogs with attached slow-release pyriproxyfen tablets were introduced into outdoor enclosures with water containers. Water samples from the containers were periodically tested using larval Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens mosquitoes to assess mortality and percent eclosure inhibition. Overall pupal mortality [95% credible intervals] estimated by Bayesian analysis for the treatment group was 73.4% [71.3–75.2] compared to 4.1% [2.9–5.5] for the control group. Mortality within treatment groups in four different experiments ranged from 41 to 100%, whereas control mortalities ranged from 0.5% to 11%. We conclude that heterodissemination is a promising and effective approach deserving of further study.
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16
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Wei Y, Cui J, Zhai W, Liu X, Zhou Z, Wang P, Liu D. Toxicity and fate of chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen and its metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116894. [PMID: 33774544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analogue insecticide used worldwide. At present, the potential threat of pyriproxyfen to aquatic organism has not been well explored. In this work, the bioaccumulation, metabolic profile and toxicity of pyriproxyfen and its metabolites to zebrafish were studied, and the enantioselectivity of pyriproxyfen and the major chiral metabolites were also determined. Sixteen metabolites of pyriproxyfen in zebrafish were identified. Hydroxylation, ether linkage cleavage and oxidation in phase I metabolism, followed by sulfate and glucuronic acid conjugation. The bioconcentration factors ranged from 1175 to 1246. Hydroxylation metabolites of pyriproxyfen showed enantioselective behavior in zebrafish with enantiomer fractions (EFs) of 4'-OH- pyriproxyfen and 5″-OH- pyriproxyfen ranged from 0.50 to 0.71. Toxicological indexes including acute toxicity, joint toxicity and oxidative stress were tested. Among all the metabolites, 4'-OH- pyriproxyfen was found 2 folds more toxic to zebrafish than pyriproxyfen. (-)-Pyriproxyfen was found 2 folds more toxic than rac- and (+)-pyriproxyfen. Antagonistic effects were found in binary joint toxicity of pyriproxyfen and its hydroxylated metabolites. Pyriproxyfen and its metabolites also showed oxidative stress damage by inhibiting the activity of CAT and SOD and increasing MDA. This work provided deep insight into the metabolism and the potential risks of pyriproxyfen to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Wei
- Center for Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingna Cui
- Center for Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wangjing Zhai
- Center for Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Center for Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Center for Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Center for Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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17
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Attademo AM, Lajmanovich RC, Peltzer PM, Boccioni APC, Martinuzzi C, Simonielo F, Repetti MR. Effects of the emulsifiable herbicide Dicamba on amphibian tadpoles: an underestimated toxicity risk? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31962-31974. [PMID: 33619621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to the herbicide Dicamba (DIC) on tadpoles of two amphibian species, Scinax nasicus and Elachistocleis bicolor, were assessed. Mortality and biochemical sublethal effects were evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and thyroid hormone (T4) levels. The LC50 value at 48h was 0.859 mg L-1 for S. nasicus and 0.221 mg L-1 for E. bicolor tadpoles. After exposure to sublethal DIC concentrations for 48 h, GST activity increased in S. nasicus but significantly decreased in E. bicolor with respect to controls. GR activity decreased only in S. nasicus at all the tested DIC concentrations. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in both S. nasicus and E. bicolor tadpoles at 48 h. DIC also caused significant changes in transamination, as evidenced by an increase in AST and ALT activities in both amphibian species. T4 levels were higher in DIC-treated tadpoles of both species than in controls. The DIC-induced biochemical alterations in glutathione system enzymes and transaminases indicate lesions in liver tissues and cellular function. Moreover, the observed AChE inhibition could lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, excessively stimulating postsynaptic receptors, and the increase in T4 levels in both species may indicate an overactive thyroid. The commercial DIC formulation showed a high biotoxicity in the two amphibian native species after short-term exposure, controversially differing from the toxicity level indicated in the official fact sheet data. This fact highlights the need for an urgent re-categorization and reevaluation of DIC toxicity in native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Maximiliano Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola Mariela Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Candela Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Simonielo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Repetti
- PRINARC. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Staldoni de Oliveira V, Gomes Castro AJ, Marins K, Bittencourt Mendes AK, Araújo Leite GA, Zamoner A, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Pyriproxyfen induces intracellular calcium overload and alters antioxidant defenses in Danio rerio testis that may influence ongoing spermatogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116055. [PMID: 33272804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro effects of pyriproxyfen on ionic balance in the testis of the zebrafish by measuring 45Ca2+ influx. In vivo pyriproxyfen treatment was carried out to study oxidative stress, and conduct morphological analysis of the testis and liver. Whole testes were incubated in vitro with/without pyriproxyfen (10-12, 10-9 or 10-6 M; 30 min) and 45Ca2+ influx determined. To study pyriproxyfen's mechanism of action, inhibitors/activators of ionic channels or pumps/exchangers, protein kinase inhibitors or a calcium chelator were added 15 min before the addition of 45Ca2+ and pyriproxyfen. We evaluated the in vivo effects of 7 day exposure to waterborne pyriproxyfen (10-9 M) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Morphological analyses of the testis and liver were carried out after in vivo exposure of D. rerio to pyriproxyfen. Pyriproxyfen increased 45Ca2+ influx by opening the voltage-dependent T-type channels (T-type VDCC), inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum 45Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and the NCX exchanger (forward mode) and by mobilizing calcium from stores. The involvement of potassium channels and protein kinase C (PKC) was also demonstrated in pyriproxyfen-induced intracellular calcium elevation. In vivo pyriproxyfen treatment of D. rerio increased lipid peroxidation, decreased GSH content and increased GST activity in testes, in addition to increasing the number and size of spermatogonia cysts and inducing hepatocyte basophilia and dilation of blood vessels in the liver. The toxicity of pyriproxyfen is mediated by calcium overload, increased lipid peroxidation, and a diminished antioxidant capacity in the testis, due to GSH depletion, and altered spermatogenesis. The development of high basophilia in the liver suggests that pyriproxyfen may have estrogenic activity, possibly acting as an endocrine-disruptor. These findings indicate that these alterations may contribute to pyriproxyfen toxicity and spermatogenesis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Staldoni de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Bittencourt Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Falqueto SA, Pitaluga BF, de Sousa JR, Targanski SK, Campos MG, de Oliveira Mendes TA, da Silva GF, Silva DHS, Soares MA. Bacillus spp. metabolites are effective in eradicating Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae with low toxicity to non-target species. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 179:107525. [PMID: 33383067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The growing spread of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses demand the development of new and environmentally safe control methods for their vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. This study aims to find novel larvicidal agents from mutualistic (endophytic and rhizospheric) or edaphic bacteria that have no action against non-target organisms. Eleven out of the 254 bacterial strains tested were able to kill Ae. aegypti larvae. Larvicidal activity did not depend on presence of cells, since culture supernatants or crude lipopeptide extracts (CLEs) killed the larvae. Bacillus safensis BacI67 and Bacillus paranthracis C21 supernatants were the best performing supernatants, displaying the lowest lethal concentrations (LC50 = 31.11 µL/mL and 45.84 µL/mL, respectively). Bacillus velezensis B64a and Bacillus velezensis B15 produced the best performing CLEs (LC50 = 0.11 mg/mL and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively). Mass spectrometry analysis of CLEs detected a mixture of surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. The samples tested were weakly- or non-toxic to mammalian cells (RAW 264.7 macrophages and VERO cells) and non-target organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Galleria mellonella, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Tetrahymena pyriformis) - especially B. velezensis B15 CLE. The biosynthetic gene clusters related to secondary metabolism identified by whole genome sequencing of the four best performing bacteria strains revealed clusters for bacteriocin, beta-lactone, lanthipeptide, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases (PKS), siderophores, T3PKS, type 1 PKS-like, terpenes, thiopeptides, and trans-AT-PKS. Purification of lipopeptides may clarify the mechanisms by which these extracts kill Ae. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Altoé Falqueto
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Bruno Faria Pitaluga
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Janaína Rosa de Sousa
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Ketrin Targanski
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Mateus Gandra Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
- Centro de Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Soares
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Brazil.
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Leeb C, Kolbenschlag S, Laubscher A, Adams E, Brühl CA, Theissinger K. Avoidance behavior of juvenile common toads (Bufo bufo) in response to surface contamination by different pesticides. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242720. [PMID: 33253276 PMCID: PMC7704001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most agricultural soils are expected to be contaminated with agricultural chemicals. As the exposure to pesticides can have adverse effects on non-target organisms, avoiding contaminated areas would be advantageous on an individual level, but could lead to a chemical landscape fragmentation with disadvantages on the metapopulation level. We investigated the avoidance behavior of juvenile common toads (Bufo bufo) in response to seven pesticide formulations commonly used in German vineyards. We used test arenas filled with silica sand and oversprayed half of each with different pesticide formulations. We placed a toad in the middle of an arena, filmed its behavior over 24 hours, calculated the proportion of time a toad spent on the contaminated side and compared it to a random side choice. We found evidence for the avoidance of the folpet formulation Folpan® 500 SC, the metrafenone formulation Vivando® and the glyphosate formulation Taifun® forte at maximum recommended field rates for vine and a trend for avoidance of Wettable Sulphur Stulln (sulphur). No avoidance was observed when testing Folpan® 80 WDG (folpet), Funguran® progress (copper hydroxide), SpinTorTM (spinosad), or 10% of the maximum field rate of any formulation tested. In the choice-tests in which we observed an avoidance, toads also showed higher activity on the contaminated side of the arena. As video analysis with tracking software is not always feasible, we further tested the effect of reducing the sampling interval for manual data analyses. We showed that one data point every 15 or 60 minutes results in a risk of overlooking a weak avoidance behavior, but still allows to verify the absence/presence of an avoidance for six out of seven formulations. Our findings are important for an upcoming pesticide risk assessment for amphibians and could be a template for future standardized tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leeb
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Aurelia Laubscher
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Elena Adams
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Carsten A. Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Kathrin Theissinger
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
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Maharajan K, Muthulakshmi S, Karthik C, Nataraj B, Nambirajan K, Hemalatha D, Jiji S, Kadirvelu K, Liu KC, Ramesh M. Pyriproxyfen induced impairment of reproductive endocrine homeostasis and gonadal histopathology in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by altered expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139496. [PMID: 32480152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF), a broad-spectrum insecticide known to cause reproductive and endocrine disruption in invertebrates, while the data is scarce in aquatic vertebrates. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of PPF on reproductive endocrine system of male and female zebrafish along hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In brain, PPF caused significant alteration in the transcripts of erα, lhβ, and cyp19b genes in male and fshβ, lhβ, and cyp19b genes in female zebrafish. The downstream genes of steroidogenic pathway like, star, 3βhsd, 17βhsd, and cyp19a expression were significantly altered in gonad of both sexes. Subsequent changes in circulatory steroid hormone levels lead to imbalance in hormone homeostasis as revealed from estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) ratio. Further, the vitellogenin transcript level was enhanced in hepatic tissues and their blood plasma content was increased in male (16.21%) and declined in female (21.69%). PPF also induced histopathological changes in gonads such as, reduction of mature spermatocytes in male and vitellogenic oocytes in female zebrafish. The altered E2/T ratio and gonadal histopathology were supported by the altered transcript levels of HPG axis genes. Overall, these findings provide new insights of PPF in zebrafish reproductive system and highlights for further investigations on its potential risks in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Maharajan
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Sellamani Muthulakshmi
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Chinnannan Karthik
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Kanthan Nambirajan
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641108, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, India
| | - Swaminathan Jiji
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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Fernández LP, Brasca R, Attademo AM, Peltzer PM, Lajmanovich RC, Culzoni MJ. Bioaccumulation and glutathione S-transferase activity on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles after short-term exposure to antiretrovirals. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125830. [PMID: 31927383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the bioaccumulation and toxicological effects of four antiretrovirals (lamivudine, stavudine, zidovudine and nevirapine) on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles, after short-term (48 h) exposure to these drugs at sublethal concentrations. The analytical procedure involved a simple extraction method followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and chemometric analysis for data processing. Under the conditions studied, the analytes investigated, particularly nevirapine, showed possible bioaccumulation in tadpoles. Besides, an increase in the bioaccumulation was observed when increasing the exposure concentration. In addition, the enzymatic biomarkers measured to evaluate the toxicological effects showed that acethylcholinesterase activity was similar to that of the control group, while glutathione S-transferase activity was increased, indicating potential oxidative stress damage. Our results also allowed demonstrating the usefulness of chemometric algorithms to quantitate analytes in complex matrices, such as those absorbed by tadpoles in aquatic ecosystems. The results also evidenced the short-term antiretroviral bioaccumulation in tadpoles and the alteration of antioxidant systems, highlighting the need of environmental studies to elucidate the ecotoxicological risk of antiretrovirals in humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Paradina Fernández
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Brasca
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Devillers J. Fate and ecotoxicological effects of pyriproxyfen in aquatic ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16052-16068. [PMID: 32180143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator acting as larvicide against a large spectrum of public health insect pests, especially dipterans. It is also widely used in agriculture and horticulture for the control of many insect species. Disrupting the endocrine system by mimicking the activity of the juvenile hormone, pyriproxyfen interferes with metamorphosis in insects and prevents them from reaching maturity and reproducing. Because the aquatic ecosystems can be directly or indirectly contaminated by pyriproxyfen, the goal of this study was to establish the aquatic ecotoxicological profile of pyriproxyfen and to identify the gaps that need to be filled. Pyriproxyfen is photodegraded quickly in water. In the absence of organic matter, its persistence in aerobic water media is also limited especially with high temperature and sunlight. Analysis of the laboratory and in situ results for more than 60 aquatic algae, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates shows that the toxicity of pyriproxyfen is highly variable including within a same taxonomical group. Abiotic and biotic factors can highly influence the toxicity of the molecule. Pyriproxyfen disrupts the development of numerous species and adversely impacts various physiological events. It can also disturb the behavior of the organisms such as their predatory and swimming performances. Although some experimental studies focus on the environmental fate of pyriproxyfen metabolites, those dealing with their aquatic ecotoxicity assessment are scarce. In the same way, the limited number of studies dealing with the search of pyriproxyfen residues in lake, river, and other natural aquatic media does not include the identification of the metabolites.
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24
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Foxi C, Delrio G, Luciano P, Mannu R, Ruiu L. Comparative laboratory and field study of biorational insecticides for Culicoides biting midge management in larval developmental sites. Acta Trop 2019; 198:105097. [PMID: 31325415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate management strategy of bluetongue vectors should include larvicidal treatments in their larval development sites utilizing active substances with low environmental impact. A selection of biorational insecticides with potential against dipteran larvae was assayed in the laboratory against field collected Culicoides larvae including C. cataneii, C. circumscriptus, and C. imicola, determining their median lethal concentrations in water and mud/water substrate. The efficacy of formulations containing the insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and cyromazine, the botanical insecticide azadirachtin, and the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Brevibacillus laterosporus, was also assessed in field conditions in a comparative study conducted in sheep farm larval development sites, including treatments with the organophosphate temephos. Significant larvicidal properties were associated with the various insecticides evaluated in the laboratory assays and in field trials, although with different levels of effectiveness. While temephos was confirmed to be an effective broad spectrum larvicidal substance, B. laterosporus appeared to be the most effective among entomopathogens, while insect growth regulators combined a good efficacy to a long-lasting residual effect in the field. Everything considered, the use of these biorational insecticides alone or in combination with larval habitat manipulation techniques appears to be a promising method to complement integrated biting midge management programs.
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25
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Lajmanovich RC, Peltzer PM, Attademo AM, Martinuzzi CS, Simoniello MF, Colussi CL, Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Sigrist M. First evaluation of novel potential synergistic effects of glyphosate and arsenic mixture on Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02601. [PMID: 31687490 PMCID: PMC6820099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and arsenite (As(III)) as individual toxicants and in mixture (50:50 v/v, GBH-As(III)) was determined in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles during acute (48 h) and chronic assays (22 days). In both types of assays, the levels of enzymatic activity [Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Carboxylesterase (CbE), and Glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and the levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine; T3 and thyroxine; T4) were examined. Additionally, the mitotic index (MI) of red blood cells (RBCs) and DNA damage index were calculated for the chronic assay. The results showed that the LC50 values at 48 h were 45.95 mg/L for GBH, 37.32 mg/L for As(III), and 30.31 mg/L for GBH-As(III) (with similar NOEC = 10 mg/L and LOEC = 20 mg/L between the three treatments). In the acute assay, Marking's additive index (S = 2.72) indicated synergistic toxicity for GBH-As(III). In larvae treated with GBH and As(III) at the NOEC-48h (10 mg/L), AChE activity increased by 36.25% and 33.05% respectively, CbE activity increased by 22.25% and 39.05 % respectively, and GST activity increased by 46.75% with the individual treatment with GBH and by 131.65 % with the GBH-As(III) mixture. Larvae exposed to the GBH-As(III) mixture also showed increased levels of T4 (25.67 %). In the chronic assay at NOEC-48h/8 (1.25 mg/L), As(III) and GBH-As(III) inhibited AChE activity (by 39.46 % and 35.65%, respectively), but did not alter CbE activity. In addition, As(III) highly increased (93.7 %) GST activity. GBH-As(III) increased T3 (97.34%) and T4 (540.93%) levels. Finally, GBH-As(III) increased the MI of RBCs and DNA damage. This study demonstrated strong synergistic toxicity of the GBH-As(III) mixture, negatively altering antioxidant systems and thyroid hormone levels, with consequences on RBC proliferation and DNA damage in treated R. arenarum tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Paola M. Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Andrés M. Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Candela S. Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - María F. Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlina L. Colussi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Mirna Sigrist
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, FIQ-UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Peltzer PM, Lajmanovich RC, Martinuzzi C, Attademo AM, Curi LM, Sandoval MT. Biotoxicity of diclofenac on two larval amphibians: Assessment of development, growth, cardiac function and rhythm, behavior and antioxidant system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:624-637. [PMID: 31150883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) threatens the health of aquatic animals and ecosystems. In the present study, different biological endpoints (mortality, development and growth, abnormalities, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and antioxidant system) were used to characterize the acute and chronic effects of DCF (at concentrations ranging between 125 and 4000 μg L-1) on two amphibian species from Argentina (Trachycephalus typhonius and Physalaemus albonotatus). Results showed that the larval developmental, growth rates, and body condition of DCF-exposed individuals of both species were significantly reduced. DCF-exposed individuals also showed several morphological abnormalities, including significantly altered body axis, chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton, and organ and visceral abnormalities including cardiac hypoplasia, malrotated guts, asymmetrically inverted guts, and cholecystitis. DCF also had a significant effect on the swimming performance of both species: at low concentrations (125 and 250 μg L-1), swimming distance, velocity and global activity decreased, whereas, at high concentrations (1000 and 2000 μg L-1), these behavioral responses increased. Regarding cardiac function and rhythm, at DCF concentrations higher than 1000 μg L-1, the heart frequency and ventricular systole interval of both species were significantly reduced. Regarding the antioxidant system, the activity of acetylcholinesterase indicated that DCF is neurotoxic and thus related to the changes in behavioral performance. The DCF concentrations studied produced a biochemical imbalance between radical oxygen species production and antioxidant systems. The sensitivities to sublethal and chronic DCF exposure in both anuran species were similar, thus indicating the inherent complexity involved in understanding the biotoxic effects of DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila M Curi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Sandoval
- Catedra de Embriología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
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27
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Daam MA, Moutinho MF, Espíndola ELG, Schiesari L. Lethal toxicity of the herbicides acetochlor, ametryn, glyphosate and metribuzin to tropical frog larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:707-715. [PMID: 31250286 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high amphibian biodiversity and increasing pesticide use in tropical countries, knowledge on the sensitivity of tropical amphibians to pesticides remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the active ingredients of four of the main herbicides used in Brazilian sugarcane production to tadpoles of two tropical frog species: Physalaemus cuvieri and Hypsiboas pardalis. The calculated 96 h-LC50 (median lethal concentration; in mg a.s./L) values for P. cuvieri and H. pardalis were 4.4 and 7.8 (acetochlor); 15 and <10 (ametryn); 115 and 106 (glyphosate); and 85 and 68 (metribuzin), respectively. These toxicity values demonstrated little interspecies variation and the toxicity of the herbicides appeared to be at least partly related with the respective octanol-water coefficient. Published acute toxicity data of fish and amphibians for herbicides were also compiled from the US-EPA ECOTOX database. These data indicated little difference in herbicide sensitivity between tropical amphibians and both non-tropical amphibians and fish. These findings indicate that temperate (fish and amphibian) herbicide toxicity data are also protective for tropical amphibians. Constraints in such extrapolations and indications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana F Moutinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Luis Schiesari
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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