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Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Li X. The role of perceived social support from family, friends and significant others in the association between childhood maltreatment on sleep quality in adolescents: Evidence from a weekly diary study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 151:106715. [PMID: 38461707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is a common problem that can have lasting effects on the physical and mental health of adolescents who have experienced it, including sleep quality. OBJECTIVE This study will investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality in adolescents using a weekly diary method. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In this study, students from a middle school in central China were recruited as research subjects, and a total of 11 classes with 470 students were investigated. METHODS In order to fill in the gaps of previous studies, a weekly diary method was used to collect data. Subjects were required to complete three scales once a week for seven consecutive weeks, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale (PSQI). RESULTS Findings suggest that childhood maltreatment has a negative impact on adolescent's sleep quality at the weekly level (γ01c = -0.07, t = -5.71, p < .001) . The negative effect of childhood maltreatment on sleep quality was significantly reduced with the addition of perceived social support (γ01c' = -0.03, t = -2.83, p < .01). Notably, support from friends (γ01a*γ02b = -0.01) and significant others (γ01a*γ02b = -0.02) also played an important mediating role in child maltreatment and adolescent sleep quality, but family support remained the most important support in adolescents (γ01a*γ02b = -0.04). CONCLUSIONS The present study has confirmed the negative correlation between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality in adolescents. Furthermore, it has clarified the mechanism of perceived social support and the separate mediating roles of perceived family support, perceived friend support, and perceived significant other support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China; Research Center for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Hunan Province, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China; Research Center for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Hunan Province, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Tao Xingzhi Research Institute, NanJing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Wu J, Zhang X, Xiao Q. The Longitudinal Relationship between Cyberbullying Victimization and Loneliness among Chinese Middle School Students: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Support and the Moderating Effect of Sense of Hope. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:312. [PMID: 38667108 PMCID: PMC11047409 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared with traditional forms of bullying (e.g., physical bullying, verbal bullying), cyberbullying victimization can bring heavy psychological damage to the victim of bullying. Studies have found that cyberbullying victimization leads to higher levels of depression and causes anger and emotional problems. Nevertheless, existing studies mainly focus on traditional bullying while affording scant consideration to the longitudinal impact of cyberbullying on mental well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cyberbullying victimization on middle school students' loneliness while simultaneously investigating the mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of feelings of hope. A total of 583 middle school students were surveyed using four self-report questionnaires. Cyberbullying victimization predicts loneliness. Perceived social support mediates the role of cyberbullying victimization in influencing cyberbullying. Sense of hope moderated the direct pathway and the second half of the mediating role pathway. First, many mediating and moderating variables of cyberbullying victimization affect loneliness, and different mediating and moderating variables can be studied in the future. Second, future studies could expand this study's sample to validate the results of this study. Third, this study only collected data at two time points, and future studies could collect data at multiple time points. Cyberbullying victimization can increase loneliness over time. Perceived social support and a sense of hope can mitigate the effects of cyberbullying victimization on an individual's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
- School of Educational Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qianxiu Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
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Giordano F, Salimbeni CT, Jefferies P. The Tutor of Resilience Program with Children Who Have Experienced Maltreatment: Mothers' Involvement Matters. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:295-307. [PMID: 35916984 PMCID: PMC10891266 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is a dynamic process involving the presence and interaction of personal and environmental factors that modify the impact of adversity. Resilience-building interventions are therefore important for improving trauma-related outcomes in children and caregivers exposed to adversity. This study examines the impact of the Tutor of Resilience (TOR) program on beneficiaries' trauma-related symptoms and on mother-child interactions in a group of children exposed to maltreatment (N = 186; mean age = 11.95; SD = 2.50). Assessments were completed at baseline and post-intervention. RM-ANOVAs indicated significant improvements for most trauma symptoms (anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, and disassociation, but not depression) in the intervention group relative to a control group (N = 88; mean age = 10.76; SD = 2.57), and indicated further improvements to anxiety and dissociation for the intervention group when mothers were involved. Mother-child interactions also improved over time, as did their overall trauma symptoms and distress. Findings support the effectiveness of the ToR, especially when involving mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giordano
- Department of Psychology - Resilience Research Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, MI, 20121, Italy.
| | - C Taurelli Salimbeni
- Department of Psychology - Resilience Research Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, MI, 20121, Italy
| | - P Jefferies
- Family and Community Resilience, Canada Research Chair in Child, Resilience Research Centre Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada
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4
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Wu Q, Zhou N. Work Stress and Personal and Relational Well-Being Among Chinese College Teachers: The Indirect Roles of Sense of Control and Work-Related Rumination. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2819-2828. [PMID: 37521568 PMCID: PMC10378462 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s418077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The association between work stress and well-being has been well documented. However, the underlying mechanism for such association is not clear, especially in terms of how work stress relates to both personal and relational well-being. Based on the Conservation of Resources Theory and the Stress Process Model, the present study examined the potential indirect roles of the sense of control and the work-related rumination in the associations between work stress and both personal and relational well-being. Methods Data were collected from 536 married Chinese university teachers (Mage = 39.40 + 7.64, 38.6% males) through an online survey. Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling via Mplus. Results Work stress was indirectly associated with life satisfaction through (a) sense of control, (b) work-related rumination, and (c) a sequential pathway from sense of control to work-related rumination. Work stress was indirectly associated with relationship satisfaction through sense of control. Conclusion Findings suggest that sense of control would be an important linking mechanism underlying the association between work stress and college teachers' well-being. Personal well-being may be more vulnerable to work-related rumination than relational well-being. Insights for prevention and intervention efforts in enriching college teachers' well-being are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglu Wu
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Tzouvara V, Kupdere P, Wilson K, Matthews L, Simpson A, Foye U. Adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and social functioning: A scoping review of the literature. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106092. [PMID: 36907117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact people's physical and mental health and social functioning. Research literature focuses on the impact of ACEs on physical and mental health, yet to our knowledge, no study has examined the literature on ACEs, mental health, and social functioning outcomes. OBJECTIVE To map how ACEs, mental health, and social functioning outcomes have been defined, assessed, and studied in the empirical literature and identify gaps in the current research which need further investigation. METHODS A scoping review methodology following a five-step framework was implemented. Four databases were searched CINAHL, Ovid (Medline, Embase) and PsycInfo. The analysis involved both numerical and a narrative synthesis in line with the framework. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were included in the analysis, and three key issues were identified a) the limitations of research samples to date, b) the choice of outcome measures for ACEs, social and mental health outcomes, and c) the limitations of current study designs. CONCLUSION The review demonstrates variability in the documentation of participant characteristics and inconsistencies in the definitions and applications of ACEs, social and mental health and related measurements. There is also a lack of longitudinal and experimental study designs, studies on severe mental illness, and studies including minority groups, adolescents, and older adults with mental health problems. Existing research is highly variable methodologically and limits our broader understanding of the relationships between ACEs, mental health, and social functioning outcomes. Future research should implement robust methodologies to provide evidence that could be used for developing evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tzouvara
- Care for Long Term Conditions Research Division, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Pinar Kupdere
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Keiran Wilson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Leah Matthews
- Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alan Simpson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Care for Long Term Conditions Research Division, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care & Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Una Foye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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6
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Shi W, Hall BJ. Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Young Adults Exposed to a Typhoon: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 67:1605380. [PMID: 36686386 PMCID: PMC9845259 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We used a latent class growth model to identify distinct PTSS trajectories and correlates of these trajectories among young adults who experienced Typhoon Hato, the strongest storm to strike China in the last 50 years. Methods: A longitudinal survey (three-waves) was conducted to explore the mental health status and its correlates among young adults exposed to the typhoon. Data from 362 participants were analyzed via a latent class growth model and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Three distinct classes of PTSS trajectories were identified, including: "resilience" (86.46%), "recovery" (9.12%), and "deterioration" (4.42%). The higher levels of direct typhoon exposure, media use, and posttraumatic growth significantly predicted the higher likelihood of participants being in the "recovery'' class. In addition, more social support significantly predicted the higher possibility of being in the "resilience" class. Finally, more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly predicted the higher likelihood of being in the "deterioration" class. Conclusion: Further research should develop interventions to enhance protective factors (e.g., posttraumatic growth, media use), decrease risk factors (e.g., depressive and anxiety symptoms), and thereby prevent PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian J. Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Brian J. Hall,
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7
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Sokar S, Greenbaum CW, Haj-Yahia MM. Exposure to Parental Violence During Childhood and Later Psychological Distress Among Arab Adults in Israel: The Role of Gender and Sense of Coherence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP588-NP612. [PMID: 35354327 PMCID: PMC9709551 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221082741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to parental violence in childhood is a significant predictor of psychological distress in adulthood. Factors at the individual level may explain the variance in psychological distress among adults exposed to parental violence. The current study examined the effect of exposure to different forms (i.e., physical violence and psychological aggression) and different patterns of parental violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence, experiencing parental violence) on later psychological distress. The mediating role of sense of coherence (SOC) and the moderating role of gender in this relationship were also examined. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 604 married Arab adults in Israel (age = 20-60, M = 33.5, SD = 6.52) using a retrospective, self-administered questionnaire. Results indicate a significant positive relationship between all forms and types of parental violence explored in the current study with levels of psychological distress. Furthermore, exposure to parental violence correlated negatively with SOC, and low levels of SOC predicted higher levels of psychological distress. SOC was found to partially mediate the relationship between exposure to parental violence and psychological distress. Gender differences were found only with regard to experiencing physical violence as a predictor of psychological distress, indicating that the relationship between these variables is stronger in females. These results highlight the importance of SOC as a personal resource and its role in promoting psychological wellbeing. Healthcare practitioners should be aware of possible gender differences in psychological distress among Arab adults exposed to parental violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Sokar
- School of Social Work and Social
Welfare, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel
| | | | - Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia
- School of Social Work and Social
Welfare, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel
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8
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Gong J, Zhou L, Zhao L, Zhang S, Chen Z, Liu J. Epidemiology of Childhood Witnessing Domestic Violence and Exploration of Its Relationships With Affective Lability and Suicide Attempts in Chinese Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22834-NP22863. [PMID: 35229677 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood witnessing domestic violence (CWDV) exerts short- and long-term negative impacts on emotional and behavioral health. The present study investigated the epidemiological features of CWDV, and its negative impact on psychological outcomes in a sample of Chinese college students. The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies on CWDV associations with psychological outcomes and gender differences in these relationships were examined. A total of 3,126 respondents (1,034 males; 2,086 females; 6 missing data in gender) completed the study questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics, CWDV, and suicide attempt history items as well as the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Affect Lability Scale-18 (ALS-18). Overall, 43.03% of the respondents reported CWDV, including 44.87% of males and 42.09% of females. Higher frequencies of CWDV were found to be related to the following factors: unstable marital status of parents; not being an only child; being a left-behind child, family financial difficulties, consumption of alcohol in the past year, and being in relatively poor physical condition. Among males, ERQ suppression scores were significantly higher for those men who experienced "often or every day" CWDV than for men who indicated that they did not have any history of CWDV (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.047). More frequent CWDV was associated with higher ALS-18 scores and increased risk of suicide attempts in males and females (p < 0.05), and emotion regulation (suppression) was found to mediate the association between CWDV and affective lability among males. This study revealed high rates of CWDV, and serious impacts of CWDV on mental health in male and female Chinese college students. In males, but not females, emotion regulation strategy use, use of suppression, was found to act as a mediator in the association of CWDV with affective lability. Our findings suggest that interventions for individuals with CWDV should focus on the emotional regulation, which may help them improve mental health, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Gong
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- College of Education Science, Hengyang Normal University12573, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lishun Zhao
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University504010, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Lawrence TI, Merrin GJ, Mcfield AA. Family Violence and Adolescent Aggressive Behavior: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Depression and Substance Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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10
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Lange AMC, Visser MM, Scholte RHJ, Finkenauer C. Parental Conflicts and Posttraumatic Stress of Children in High-Conflict Divorce Families. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:615-625. [PMID: 35958703 PMCID: PMC9360253 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parental conflicts consistently predict negative outcomes for children. Research suggests that children from high-conflict divorces (HCD) may also experience post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), yet little is known about the association between parental conflicts in HCD families and child PTSS. We investigated this association, hypothesizing that parental conflicts would predict child PTSS. We also tested the moderating role of interparental contact frequency, hypothesizing that frequent contact would intensify the association between parental conflicts and child PTSS. This study was part of an observational study on the outcomes of No Kids in the Middle (NKM), a multi-family group intervention for HCD families. A total of 107 children from 68 families participated in the study with at least one parent. We used pre- (T1) and post-intervention (T2) data. Research questions were addressed cross-sectionally, using regression analyses to predict PTSS at T1, and longitudinally, using a correlated change (T1 to T2) model. The cross-sectional findings suggested that mother- and child-reported conflicts, but not father-reported conflicts, were related to the severity of child PTSS. Longitudinally, we found that change in father-reported conflicts, but not change in child- or mother-reported conflicts, were related to change in child PTSS. The estimated associations for the different informants were not significantly different from one another. The frequency of contact between ex-partners did not moderate the relationship between parental conflicts and child PTSS. We conclude that there is a positive association between parental conflicts and child PTSS in HCD families independent of who reports on the conflicts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-021-00410-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie M. C. Lange
- Department of Psychiatry, Section of Medical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Viersprong Institute for Studies On Personality Disorders, Halsteren, Netherlands
| | | | - Ron H. J. Scholte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Tranzo Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science: Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Ping Y, Wang W, Li Y, Li Y. Fathers’ parenting stress, parenting styles and children’s problem behavior: the mediating role of parental burnout. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Parental duties can be overwhelming, particularly when parents lack sufficient resources to cope with parenting demands, leading to parental burnout. Research has shown that parental burnout is positively related to neglect and abuse behaviors towards their children; however, few studies have examined parental burnout within the family system, including examining parenting styles as an antecedent, and most research has ignored the potential influence of fathers’ parental burnout. This study aimed to explore the influence of fathers’ parenting stress and parenting styles on internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in a sample of junior high school students and the mediating effect of parental burnout. Questionnaire data from 236 students (56.4% girls) and their fathers (age: M = 39.24, SD = 5.13) were collected on 3 different time points. Fathers were asked to report their parenting stress and parenting styles at Time 1, and parental burnout at Time 2, and students were asked to report their internalizing and externalizing behaviors at Time 3. The results indicated that: (1) fathers’ parenting stress and negative parenting styles were positively related to parental burnout, and fathers’ positive parenting styles were negatively related to parental burnout; (2) fathers’ parental burnout was positively related to children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behavior; and (3) fathers’ parental burnout could mediate the relationship between parenting stress, negative parenting styles, and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. These results suggested that fathers’ roles in the parenting process were not negligible, and more attention should be given to prevention and intervention methods for fathers’ parental burnout.
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12
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Hullenaar KL, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Rivara FP, Vavilala MS, Baumer EP. Victim-Offender Relationship and the Emotional, Social, and Physical Consequences of Violent Victimization. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:763-769. [PMID: 35000834 PMCID: PMC9533341 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research is equivocal about how the social relationship between victims and offenders is linked to the emotional, social, and physical consequences of violence. This study examines the association of victim-offender relationship with the adverse outcomes reported by injured and uninjured victims of violence. METHODS The study analyzed 16,723 violent victimizations recorded by the National Crime Victimization Survey from 2008 to 2018. Multivariable quasi-Poisson models estimated the associations between the victim-offender relationship and victims' emotional distress, social distress, and physical and emotional symptoms. These models also estimated a statistical interaction between victim-offender relationship and violent injury to examine how this association differed for injured and uninjured victims. The analyses occurred during 2020 and 2021. RESULTS Uninjured victims were more likely to report emotional distress (risk ratio=1.41, 95% CI=1.33, 1.50), social distress (risk ratio=3.12, 95% CI=2.78, 3.51), more physical symptoms (symptom frequency ratio=1.68, 95% CI=1.51, 1.87), and more emotional symptoms (symptom frequency ratio=1.13, 95% CI=1.08, 1.18) in family member/intimate partner violence than in stranger violence. Victims also reported worse outcomes after acquaintance violence than after stranger violence. For injured victims, these differences narrowed-but were still significant-in emotional and social distress models. However, the number of emotional and physical symptoms reported by injured victims did not significantly vary across victim-offender relationships. CONCLUSIONS Relational closeness between victims and offenders is a risk factor for adverse outcomes after violent victimization, and it is more strongly associated with these outcomes for uninjured victims than for injured victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith L Hullenaar
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Frederick P Rivara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Monica S Vavilala
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric P Baumer
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, College of Liberal Arts, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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Kassis W, Aksoy D, Favre CA, Janousch C, Artz STG. Thriving despite Parental Physical Abuse in Adolescence: A Two-Wave Latent Transition Analysis on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Violence-Resilience Outcome Indicators. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9040553. [PMID: 35455596 PMCID: PMC9026684 DOI: 10.3390/children9040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Internationally, about 25% of all children experience physical abuse by their parents. Despite the numerous odds against them, about 30% of adolescents who have experienced even the most serious forms of physical abuse by their parents escape the vicious family violence cycle. In this study, we analyzed longitudinally the data from a sample of N = 1767 seventh-grade high school students in Switzerland on physical abuse by their parents. We did this by conducting an online questionnaire twice within the school year. We found that in our sample, about 30% of the participating adolescents’ parents had physically abused them. We considered violence resilience a multi-systemic construct that included the absence of psychopathology on one hand and both forms of well-being (psychological and subjective) on the other. Our latent construct included both feeling good (hedonic indicators, such as high levels of self-esteem and low levels of depression/anxiety and dissociation) and doing well (eudaimonic indicators, such as high levels of self-determination and self-efficacy as well as low levels of aggression toward peers). By applying a person-oriented analytical approach via latent transition analysis with a sub-sample of students who experienced physical abuse (nw2 = 523), we identified and compared longitudinally four distinct violence-resilience patterns and their respective trajectories. By applying to the field of resilience, one of the most compelling insights of well-being research (Deci & Ryan, 2001), we identified violence resilience as a complex, multidimensional latent construct that concerns hedonic and eudaimonic well-being and is not solely based on terms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassilis Kassis
- Department of Research & Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland; (D.A.); (C.A.F.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dilan Aksoy
- Department of Research & Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland; (D.A.); (C.A.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Céline Anne Favre
- Department of Research & Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland; (D.A.); (C.A.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Clarissa Janousch
- Department of Research & Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland; (D.A.); (C.A.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Sibylle Talmon-Gros Artz
- School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria, Coast Salish Territories, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
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Karakuş C, Göncü-Köse A. Relationships of domestic violence with bullying, silencing-the-self, resilience, and self-efficacy: Moderating roles of stress-coping strategies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Wang S, Xu H, Zhang S, Yang R, Li D, Sun Y, Wan Y, Tao F. Linking Childhood Maltreatment and Psychological Symptoms: The Role of Social Support, Coping Styles, and Self-Esteem in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP620-NP650. [PMID: 32389058 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520918571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychological symptoms are common among adolescents in China, which are associated with various negative consequences. There has been a pressing need for additional research of factors responsible for the occurrence of psychological symptoms during this developmental period, among which childhood maltreatment, personal coping style, one's levels of social support, and self-esteem deserve our attention. The association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms is evident; however, the possible mediating effect of the other three factors mentioned above remains unclear. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the possible mediating roles of social support, coping style, and self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the development of psychological symptoms among adolescents. An adolescent-based health survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in 15 schools in China. A total of 9,704 students (aged 11-19 years) were enrolled and measures on childhood maltreatment, social support, coping styles, self-esteem, and psychological symptoms were completed. It was found that childhood maltreatment was positively correlated with psychological symptoms and negative coping styles, and negatively correlated with social support, positive coping styles, and self-esteem (p < .001). Social support, coping styles, and self-esteem mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms. The estimated effect of childhood maltreatment on the occurrence of psychological symptoms could be explained by the mediation of social support, positive coping styles, negative coping styles, and self-esteem, whose ratio of roles came to 13.8%, 7.5%, 20.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. These findings indicate a need to promote social support, self-esteem, and positive coping styles, and decrease the level of negative coping styles, to markedly reduce the impact of psychological symptoms of childhood maltreatment among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Danlin Li
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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Griffith AK. Parental Burnout and Child Maltreatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 37:725-731. [PMID: 32836736 PMCID: PMC7311181 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread across the United States, resulting in significant changes in almost all aspects daily life. These changes place parents at increased risk for parental burnout. Parental burnout is a chronic condition resulting from high levels of parenting-related stress due to a mismatch between the demands of parenting and the resources available for parents to meet those demands. Research on parental burnout has suggested that parents who experience burnout are more likely to engage in child abuse and neglect, placing children at risk for detrimental short- and long-term outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of parental burnout, discuss parental burnout in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, and focus specifically on the effects of child maltreatment. Implications for practitioners will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K. Griffith
- Applied Behavior Analysis Online Department, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL USA
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Lee H, Kim M, Kim O, Kim S, Choi S. Mothers’ experience of caring for home-quarantined children after close contact with COVID-19 in Korea: an exploratory qualitative study. KOREAN JOURNAL OF WOMEN HEALTH NURSING 2021; 27:220-229. [PMID: 36311981 PMCID: PMC9328592 DOI: 10.4069/kjwhn.2021.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The world saw a shift into a new society consequent to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which made home quarantine mandatory for a person in close contact with those who tested positive. For children, however, home quarantine was not limited only to themselves but parents, especially mothers were involved and required to quarantine. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand mothers’ experience and their related psychosocial issues while caring for their school-aged children in Korea, who had to home quarantine after coming in close contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. Methods Data were collected from October 2020 to January 2021 via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with nine mothers of children who had to home quarantine. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in an independent space near the participant’s home or workplace (n=5) or via online platforms or telephone (n=4). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis through several iterative team meetings. Results Thematic analysis revealed the following four themes: “Unable to be relieved due to uncertain situations surrounding me,” “Blame and hurt toward me, others, and one another,” “Pulling myself together for my children in my broken daily life,” and “Changes in the meaning of life amid COVID-19.” Conclusion The narratives show that mothers experienced psychosocial difficulties while caring for their children during home quarantine. It is necessary to reduce the social stigma toward individuals in home quarantine and establish policies to ensure work-family compatibility for such mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeon Lee
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihui Kim
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ocksim Kim
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Kim
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongmi Choi
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Seongmi Choi College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: +82-2228-3369 E-mail:
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18
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Schober DJ, Shrestha S, Bishop-Royse JC. The Effects of Exposure to Domestic Violence on Sleep Among Urban Adults. Am J Health Promot 2021; 36:129-136. [PMID: 34372674 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211038474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Domestic violence contributes to poor health including sleep disruptions, which has been associated with risk for chronic conditions and ultimately, premature mortality. The present study examined the effects of ever witnessing domestic violence on sleep among urban neighborhoods of color. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Ten of Chicago's 77 community areas. PARTICIPANTS Adults, aged 18 years and older (N = 1,543, Response Rate = 28.4%). Over 49% of participants reported a Hispanic ethnicity, 34.8 percent reported being non-Hispanic Black and 14.2 percent reported being White. MEASURES We used the Sinai Community Health Survey, 2.0, to examine: average hours of sleep in a 24-hour period, ever witnessing domestic violence, ever being emotionally or physically abused, frequent stress in the past 12 months, and other key covariates (race and ethnicity, annual household income, sex, and health status). ANALYSIS Multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS In the full model, participants who reported witnessing domestic violence were significantly less likely to report meeting sleep recommendations even after controlling for ever being emotionally or physically abused, frequently feeling stress, demographic factors, and health status. Non-Hispanic Blacks were most likely to report not meeting sleep recommendations (OR = .54, 95% CI = .30-.96, P = .036). CONCLUSION Witnessing domestic violence contributes to not meeting sleep recommendations and this appears to be most salient for Non-Hispanic Blacks. These point-in-time findings document an important potential contributor to racial health disparities.
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Rajkumar E, Mitra J, Yadav R, Hareesh PV, Gangadharan A, Gopika MC, Christa AB, George AJ, Gopi A, John R, Arya S, Abraham J, Rajashekaran L. Family violence during COVID-19 and its impact on mental health of children: A systematic review. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 33:75-89. [PMID: 38041435 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2261992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed unanticipated challenges that could impact how the family system operates across the world. Restrictions imposed to control the rapid spread of the virus substantially increased violence in families. The current study aims to review violence in the family and its impact on the mental health of children during the pandemic.Method: A systematic search was conducted using keywords in the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, and a manual search was conducted on Google Scholar for articles from January 2020 to January 2021. Of the 50 records identified, seven studies that met eligibility criteria were selected for final analysis.Results: Results revealed that family violence during the pandemic has escalated the mental health problems of children, including aggressive and self-harming behaviours. Lockdown restrictions, social detachment, financial instability, fear of infection, and unemployment led to increased parental stress. Parents with a higher level of stress were more likely to maltreat their children.Conclusions: Exposure to short and long-term family violence can adversely impact the mental health of children and can negatively affect a child's present and future life. Recommendations for researchers, mental health practitioners, public health authorities, and other service providers are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslavath Rajkumar
- Department of Liberal Arts, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Jayashree Mitra
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Reethika Yadav
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - P V Hareesh
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - M C Gopika
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anamika Ben Christa
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Allen Joshua George
- Liberal Arts & Sciences, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Aswathy Gopi
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Romate John
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - S Arya
- Amity Institute of English Studies & Research, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - John Abraham
- Department of Family Medicine/Geriatrics, St. Johns National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - L Rajashekaran
- Department of Folklore & Tribal Studies, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
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20
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Shen S, Chen Z, Qin X, Zhang M, Dai Q. Remote and adjacent psychological predictors of early-adulthood resilience: Role of early-life trauma, extraversion, life-events, depression, and social-support. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251859. [PMID: 34166367 PMCID: PMC8224918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is important for people to maintain mental health after negative life-events. However, its longitudinal psychological and social predictors are poorly revealed. Based on the ecological system theory model, the current study aimed to determine the longitudinal temporal mechanism underlying the development of early-adulthood resilience using long-term (early-life trauma and personality), medium-term and short-term (life-events, social support, and depression) psychosocial predictors. A total of 505 university students were recruited at baseline (T1), 433 of whom took part in a three-year longitudinal investigation (T2). The results showed that at T1 and T2, the resilience scores of individuals were identically high (72.98 and 73.21, respectively). Pearson correlation analysis showed that early-adulthood resilience was negatively correlated with early-life trauma, psychoticism and neuroticism, depression, ad life-events, and positively correlated with extraversion, social-support, and resilience. Regression and structural equation models showed that extraversion had a direct positive effect on T1 resilience through the mediation of T1 life-events, depression, and social-support, while childhood emotional neglect (EN) had indirect negative effect and extraversion had direct positive effect on T2 resilience through the mediation of T1 resilience, and T2 depression and social-support. In conclusion, this study is among the first to reveal the longitudinal temporal process of the development of early-adulthood resilience using remote and adjacent psychosocial predictors. The findings confirm that childhood EN and extraversion have a remote impact on early-adulthood resilience through recent and current depression and social-support. Our results imply that early-life trauma does not hinder the development of early-adulthood resilience in a linear trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Shen
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaohua Chen
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Dai
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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PTSD symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, and family functioning among trauma-exposed college students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Chen Z, Shen S, Dai Q. Long-term and short-term psycho-social predictors of early-adulthood depression: role of childhood trauma, neuroticism, social-support, resilience, and life-events. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Voith LA, Lee H, Russell KN, Korsch-Williams AE. Understanding How Relational Health Effects Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among Low-Income, Black, Indigenous, Men of Color Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083890. [PMID: 33917658 PMCID: PMC8067994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Relational health has emerged as a consistent factor that can mitigate the effects of trauma among children; however, less is known about relational health with adults, particularly related to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among racially and socioeconomically marginalized men. The Exploratory Sequential Design, Taxonomy Development Model was used. Semi-structured interviews (N = 11) and narrative analysis were conducted in Phase I. In Phase II, variables approximating the key themes that emerged in Phase I were selected from an existing dataset (N = 67), and relationships were examined using bivariate associations. The sample consisted of low-income Black, Indigenous, men of color (BIMOC) in a batterer intervention program (BIP). Adverse life experiences shaped participants’ world view via mistrust in others, stifling emotions and vulnerability, and a sense of personal guilt and shame. These orientations were then carried into adult relationships where men coped using social isolation to manage challenges, negatively affecting intimate relationships. For some men, mental health exacerbated these circumstances. Significant bivariate and multivariate associations supported this narrative. This study lays the foundation for future research to examine the potential effects of social support on IPV perpetration. BIPs should consider augmenting programming to enhance men’s social networks to support their use of nonviolence after program completion.
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Haj-Yahia MM, Leshem B, Guterman NB. The relationship between exposure of Palestinian youth to community violence and internalizing and externalizing symptoms: Do gender and social support matter? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 112:104906. [PMID: 33388608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth exposure to community violence (ECV) in the Palestinian society is an alarming problem. Yet, there is serious scarcity of research on its mental health consequences. OBJECTIVES The study examined the relationships between youth ECV and internalizing and externalizing symptoms as well as the moderating and mediating effects of gender and support from family and teachers on these relationships. PARTICIPANTS, SETTING, AND METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a systematic random sample of 1930 Palestinian junior and senior high school pupils (912 boys, 1018 girls, aged 12-19-year- old), using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS The results revealed that the more Palestinian youth were exposed to community violence (CV) the more they demonstrated internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Palestinian boys who were victims of CV reported higher levels of externalizing symptoms, while girls reported higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Adolescents with higher levels of family support and teacher support reported lower levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. We have also found that gender can moderate the effects of CV victimization on internalizing symptoms and that family support can mediates the relationship between CV victimization and internalizing symptoms and moderate the relationships between ECV (both victimization and witnessing) and externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The moderating and mediating effects of gender and social support on the relationship between ECV and mental health consequences are discussed. The implications of the results for future research and for prevention and intervention as well as the strengths and limitations of the study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Haj-Yahia
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel.
| | - Becky Leshem
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Neil B Guterman
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
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25
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Wang DS, Chung CH, Chang HA, Kao YC, Chu DM, Wang CC, Chen SJ, Tzeng NS, Chien WC. Association between child abuse exposure and the risk of psychiatric disorders: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104362. [PMID: 31935531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse affects children physiologically and psychologically, increasing the risk of future psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE To assess whether child abuse victims have a higher incidence of future psychiatric disorders or substance abuse. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The participants consisted of a nationwide, population-based cohort selected in accordance with the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. All children were enrolled between 2000 and 2015. METHODS This was a retrospective study with a matched-cohort design. Children who experienced child abuse were identified using International Classification of Disease codes and compared with children who had not experienced child abuse by measuring rates of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, sleep disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder/acute stress disorder, eating disorders, substance-related disorders (alcohol use disorder and illicit drug use disorder), psychotic disorders, and organic mental disorders. RESULTS The psychiatric disorder risk was significantly higher in victims of child abuse than in controls (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.15; 95 % confidence interval, 1.92-2.40; P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher 15-year cumulative incidence of psychiatric disorders among child abuse victims than among controls (394.57 vs. 317.56 events per 100,000 person-years; log-rank test, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In Taiwan, child abuse is associated with increased psychiatric disorder and substance abuse risk. Individuals involved in caring for abused children, including family members, pediatricians, nurses, and social workers, as well as policy makers, should be aware of this risk. Early referral of child abuse victims to pediatric psychiatrists may help detect high-risk cases and facilitate early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shiun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Der-Ming Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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26
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Hawkins RD, McDonald SE, O'Connor K, Matijczak A, Ascione FR, Williams JH. Exposure to intimate partner violence and internalizing symptoms: The moderating effects of positive relationships with pets and animal cruelty exposure. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104166. [PMID: 31521906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that more than half of children living in households where intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs are also exposed to animal cruelty (AC). Although prior research links bonds with pets with higher levels of socioemotional competence among school-age children, exposure to AC may negate the protective effects of pet ownership and/or exacerbate the potentially deleterious effect of IPV on children's mental health. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluates whether and to what extent the associations between exposure to IPV and several indicators of children's mental health vary as a function of children's positive engagement with pets and exposure to AC. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants included 204 children (aged 7-12 years; 47% female; 57% Latinx) and their maternal caregiver who were recruited from domestic violence agencies in a western U.S. state. METHOD Multiple moderation analysis evaluated whether the association between children's exposure to IPV and internalizing and posttraumatic stress symptoms vary as a function of children's positive engagement with pets and exposure to AC. RESULTS Analyses revealed several moderation effects for positive engagement with pets (e.g., internalizing problems: [b = -.15, t(195) = -2.66, p = .008]; posttraumatic stress symptoms: [b = -.13, t(195) = -2.24, p = .026]), whereas exposure to AC only moderated the association between IPV and anxious/depressed symptoms (b = .32, t(195) = -2.41, p = .017). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential protective effects of positive engagement with pets and importance of screening for exposure to AC when engaging in trauma-informed work with children exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne D Hawkins
- Division of Psychology, University of West Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK.
| | - Shelby Elaine McDonald
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
| | - Kelly O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Angela Matijczak
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
| | - Frank R Ascione
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High Street, Denver, CO, 80208, USA.
| | - James Herbert Williams
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411N. Central Ave, Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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