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Wang X, Zhou S, Hu X, Ye C, Nie Q, Wang K, Yan S, Lin J, Xu F, Li M, Wu Q, Sun L, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yun C, Wang X, Liu H, Yin WB, Zhao D, Hang J, Zhang S, Jiang C, Pang Y. Candida albicans accelerates atherosclerosis by activating intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor2α signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:964-979.e7. [PMID: 38754418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely linked to atherosclerosis. However, the role of intestinal fungi, essential members of the complex microbial community, in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Herein, we show that gut fungi dysbiosis is implicated in patients with dyslipidemia, characterized by higher levels of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which are positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, C. albicans colonization aggravates atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of the disease. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, we show that an intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α)-ceramide pathway mediates the effect of C. albicans. Mechanistically, formyl-methionine, a metabolite of C. albicans, activates intestinal HIF-2α signaling, which drives increased ceramide synthesis to accelerate atherosclerosis. Administration of the HIF-2α selective antagonist PT2385 alleviates atherosclerosis in mice by reducing ceramide levels. Our findings identify a role for intestinal fungi in atherosclerosis progression and highlight the intestinal HIF-2α-ceramide pathway as a target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen China Research & Development, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Schluter J, Hussey G, Valeriano J, Zhang C, Sullivan A, Fenyö D. The MTIST platform: a microbiome time series inference standardized test. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4343683. [PMID: 38766187 PMCID: PMC11100882 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4343683/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic target, but interventions are hampered by our limited understanding of microbial ecosystems. Here, we present a platform to develop, evaluate, and score approaches to learn ecological interactions from microbiome time series data. The microbiome time series inference standardized test (MTIST) comprises: a simulation framework for the in silico generation of microbiome study data akin to what is obtained with quantitative next-generation sequencing approaches, a compilation of a large curated data set generated by the simulation framework representing 648 simulated microbiome studies containing 18,360 time series, with a total of 2,182,800 species abundance measurements, and a scoring method to rank ecological inference algorithms. We use the MTIST platform to rank five implementations of microbiome inference approaches, revealing that while all algorithms performed well on ecosystems with few species (3 and 10), all algorithms failed to infer most interaction in a large ecosystem with 100 member species. However, we do find that the strongest interactions within a large ecosystem are inferred with higher success by all algorithms. Finally, we use the MTIST platform to compare different microbiome study designs, characterizing tradeoffs between samples per subject and number of subjects. Interestingly, we find that when only few samples can be collected per subject, ecological inference is most successful when these samples are collected with highest feasible temporal frequency. Taken together, we provide a computational tool to aid the development of better microbiome ecosystem inference approaches, which will be crucial towards the development of reliable and predictable therapeutic approaches that target the microbiome ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Valeriano
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université
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3
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1641. [PMID: 38228159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Defta CL, Albu CC, Albu ŞD, Bogdan-Andreescu CF. Oral Mycobiota: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:115. [PMID: 38668027 PMCID: PMC11049401 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have proven the important role of the oral microbiota in health and disease. The dysfunctionality of the oral microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is incriminated in dental caries, periodontal disease, oral infectious diseases, oral cancer, and systemic disease. The lesser-known component of the oral microbiota, the mycobiota, is now assiduously investigated. Recent technological developments have helped foster the identification of new fungal species based on genomic research. Next-generation sequencing has expanded our knowledge about the diversity, architecture, and relationships of oral microorganisms within the oral cavity. The mycobiome structure and relationships with the bacteriome have been studied to identify a mycobiotic signature. This review aimed to emphasize the latest knowledge of the oral mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Liliana Defta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Crenguţa Albu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ştefan-Dimitrie Albu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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5
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Sousa P, Tavares-Valente D, Pereira CF, Pinto-Ribeiro I, Azevedo-Silva J, Madureira R, Ramos ÓL, Pintado M, Fernandes J, Amorim M. Circular economyeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a sustainable source of glucans and its safety for skincare application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130933. [PMID: 38508554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glucans, a polysaccharide naturally present in the yeast cell wall that can be obtained from side streams generated during the fermentation process, have gained increasing attention for their potential as a skin ingredient. Therefore, this study focused on the extraction method to isolate and purify water-insoluble glucans from two different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: an engineered strain obtained from spent yeast in an industrial fermentation process and a wild strain produced through lab-scale fermentation. Two water-insoluble extracts with a high glucose content (> 90 %) were achieved and further subjected to a chemical modification using carboxymethylation to improve their water solubility. All the glucans' extracts, water-insoluble and carboxymethylated, were structurally and chemically characterized, showing almost no differences between both yeast-type strains. To ensure their safety for skin application, a broad safety assessment was undertaken, and no cytotoxic effect, immunomodulatory capacity (IL-6 and IL-8 regulation), genotoxicity, skin sensitization, and impact on the skin microbiota were observed. These findings highlight the potential of glucans derived from spent yeast as a sustainable and safe ingredient for cosmetic and skincare formulations, contributing to the sustainability and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pinto-Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar L Ramos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Mok K, Poolsawat T, Somnuk S, Wanikorn B, Patumcharoenpol P, Nitisinprasert S, Vongsangnak W, Nakphaichit M. Preliminary characterization of gut mycobiome enterotypes reveals the correlation trends between host metabolic parameter and diet: a case study in the Thai Cohort. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5805. [PMID: 38461361 PMCID: PMC10924899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between the gut mycobiome and its potential influence on host metabolism in the Thai Cohort was assessed. Two distinct predominant enterotypes, Saccharomyces (Sa) and Aspergillus/Penicillium (Ap/Pe) showed differences in gut mycobiota diversity and composition. Notably, the Sa enterotype exhibited lower evenness and richness, likely due to the prevalence of Saccharomyces, while both enterotypes displayed unique metabolic behaviors related to nutrient metabolism and body composition. Fiber consumption was positively correlated with adverse body composition and fasting glucose levels in individuals with the Sa enterotype, whereas in the Ap/Pe enterotype it was positively correlated with fat and protein intake. The metabolic functional analysis revealed the Sa enterotype associated with carbohydrate metabolism, while the Ap/Pe enterotype involved in lipid metabolism. Very interestingly, the genes involved in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway, such as polygalacturonase and L-arabinose-isomerase, were enriched in the Sa enterotype signifying a metabolic capacity for complex carbohydrate degradation and utilization of less common sugars as energy sources. These findings highlight the interplay between gut mycobiome composition, dietary habits, and metabolic outcomes within the Thai cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mok
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thitirat Poolsawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Functional Food and Human Health Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Surasawadee Somnuk
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Bandhita Wanikorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Functional Food and Human Health Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Preecha Patumcharoenpol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Claypool DJ, Zhang YG, Xia Y, Sun J. Conditional Vitamin D Receptor Deletion Induces Fungal and Archaeal Dysbiosis and Altered Metabolites. Metabolites 2024; 14:32. [PMID: 38248835 PMCID: PMC10819266 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A vitamin D receptor (VDR) deficiency leads to the dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria and is associated with various diseases, including cancer, infections, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the impact of a VDR deficiency on fungi and archaea is unknown. We conditionally deleted the VDR in Paneth cells (VDRΔPC), intestinal epithelial cells (VDRΔIEC), or myeloid cells (VDRΔLyz) in mice and collected feces for shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. We found that fungi were significantly altered in each knockout (KO) group compared to the VDRLoxp control. The VDRΔLyz mice had the most altered fungi species (three depleted and seven enriched), followed by the VDRΔPC mice (six depleted and two enriched), and the VDRΔIEC mice (one depleted and one enriched). The methanogen Methanofollis liminatans was enriched in the VDRΔPC and VDRΔLyz mice and two further archaeal species (Thermococcus piezophilus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius) were enriched in the VDRΔLyz mice compared to the Loxp group. Significant correlations existed among altered fungi, archaea, bacteria, and viruses in the KO mice. Functional metagenomics showed changes in several biologic functions, including decreased sulfate reduction and increased biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in VDRΔLyz mice relative to VDRLoxp mice. Fecal metabolites were analyzed to examine the involvement of sulfate reduction and other pathways. In conclusion, a VDR deficiency caused the formation of altered fungi and archaea in a tissue- and sex-dependent manner. These results provide a foundation about the impact of a host factor (e.g., VDR deficiency) on fungi and archaea. It opens the door for further studies to determine how mycobiome and cross-kingdom interactions in the microbiome community and metabolites contribute to the risk of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J. Claypool
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.J.C.); (Y.-G.Z.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yong-Guo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.J.C.); (Y.-G.Z.)
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.J.C.); (Y.-G.Z.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.J.C.); (Y.-G.Z.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Roy S, Ray D, Laha I, Choudhury L. Human Mycobiota and Its Role in Cancer Progression, Diagnostics and Therapeutics: A Link Lesser-Known. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:44-62. [PMID: 38186047 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2301733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Although not as well studied as the bacterial component of the human microbiota, the commensal fungi or mycobiota play important roles in maintaining our health by augmenting our immune system. This mycobiota is also associated with various fatal diseases like opportunistic mycoses, and even cancer, with different cancers having respective type-specific mycobiota. The different fungal species which comprise these different intratumoral mycobiota play important roles in cancer progression. The aim of this review paper is to decipher the association between mycobiota and cancer, and shed light on new avenues in cancer diagnosis, and the development of new anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Roy
- Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Dhrisaj Ray
- 5th Year Integrated M. Sc. (5 year integrated) students, Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Ishani Laha
- 5th Year Integrated M. Sc. (5 year integrated) students, Post-Graduate & Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | - Lopamudra Choudhury
- State-Aided College Teacher, Department of Microbiology, Sarsuna College (Affiliated to Calcutta University), Kolkata, India
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9
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Catalán-Serra I, Thorsvik S, Beisvag V, Bruland T, Underhill D, Sandvik AK, Granlund AVB. Fungal Microbiota Composition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Characterization in Different Phenotypes and Correlation With Clinical Activity and Disease Course. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:izad289. [PMID: 38103028 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of the role of the mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Variations within phenotypes and activity and with prognosis have been poorly studied. METHODS A total of 111 individuals were prospectively enrolled: 89 IBD patients (52 ulcerative colitis and 37 Crohn's disease [CD]) and 22 healthy individuals. Disease characteristics were collected and a fecal calprotectin >100 μg/mg was considered indicative of activity. A subset of patients was followed for 6 ± 2 years. Disease course was designated as either complicated or uncomplicated based on the need of intensified medication and/or surgery. ITS sequencing was performed targeting the ITS1 region. RESULTS We found lower Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio in IBD. Patients showed a marked increase in Candida dublinensis and Ca albicans and were depleted of Aspergillus rubrobrunneus and Penicillium brevicompactum (P ≤ .001) Saccharomyces was predominant in total colitis and Penicillium in proctitis. Several Penicillium species were depleted in total colitis vs proctitis. Ileal CD patients were enriched in Debaromyces hansenii and depleted of Ca tropicalis (P ≤ .001). Ca albicans was overrepresented in inflammatory (B1) vs fibrostenosing (B2) CD. Ca dublinensis was more abundant in active patients and correlated positively with fecal calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, while S pastorianus correlated inversely with activity. Ca sake was associated with complicated disease and increased abundance of Cryptococcus carnescens with the need for surgery in CD. CONCLUSIONS This study shows important differences in the mycobiome in IBD and within phenotypes. Selected fungal species were associated with complicated disease and the need of surgery in CD. This work adds to our understanding of the role of fungi in IBD, with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Catalán-Serra
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Silje Thorsvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vidar Beisvag
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Underhill
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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Guan G, Li S, Bing J, Liu L, Tao L. The Rfg1 and Bcr1 transcription factors regulate acidic pH-induced filamentous growth in Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0178923. [PMID: 37933972 PMCID: PMC10715123 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01789-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is a human commensal and frequent pathogen that encounters a wide range of pH stresses. The ability of C. albicans to adapt to changes in extracellular pH is crucial for its success in colonization and pathogenesis. The Rim101 pH sensing pathway is well known to govern neutral-alkaline pH responses in this pathogen. Here, we report a novel Rfg1-Bcr1 regulatory pathway that governs acidic pH responses and regulates filamentous growth in C. albicans. In addition, the Rim101-Phr1 pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, transcription factors Efg1 and Flo8, and hyphal-specific G1 cyclin Hgc1 cooperate with this regulation. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of acidic pH response in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Guan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaihu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Bing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wang T, Jia Z, An C, Ren P, Yang Y, Wang W, Su L. The Protective Effect of Auricularia cornea var. Li. Polysaccharide on Alcoholic Liver Disease and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota. Molecules 2023; 28:8003. [PMID: 38138493 PMCID: PMC10745760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide (AYP) from Auricularia cornea var. Li. on alcoholic liver disease in mice. AYP was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Auricularia cornea var. Li. by enzymatic extraction and purified by DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-400. Structural features were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Additionally, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice were established to explore the hepatoprotective activity of AYP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d). Here, our results showed that AYP presented high purity with a molecular weight of 4.64 × 105 Da. AYP was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, ribos, glucuronic acid and fucose (molar ratio: 39.5:32.9:23.6:18.3:6.5:5.8:5.8:3.3:2:1.1). Notably, AYP remarkably reduced liver function impairment (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC)), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (gGSH)) in mice with ALD. Meanwhile, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were reduced in ALD mice treated by AYP. Furthermore, the AYPH group was the most effective and was therefore chosen to further investigate its effect on the intestinal microbiota (bacteria and fungi) of ALD mice. Based on 16s rRNA and ITS-1 sequencing data, AYP influenced the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota to mitigate the damage of ALD mice, possibly by raising the abundance of favorable microbiota (Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Kazachstania) and diminishing the abundance of detrimental microbiota (Lactobacillus, Mortierella and Candida). This discovery opens new possibilities for investigating physiological activity in A. cornea var. Li. and provides theoretical references for natural liver-protecting medication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Zikun Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Canghai An
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Ping Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ling Su
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (T.W.); (Z.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
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12
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Han G, Vaishnava S. Microbial underdogs: exploring the significance of low-abundance commensals in host-microbe interactions. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2498-2507. [PMID: 38036729 PMCID: PMC10767002 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. Moreover, laboratory animals usually do not have microorganisms beyond bacteria. The phenotypes observed in laboratory animals, including the immune system, have displayed notable discrepancies when compared to real-world observations due to the diverse microbial community in natural environments. Interestingly, recent studies have unveiled the beneficial roles played by low-abundance microorganisms. Despite their rarity, these keystone taxa play a pivotal role in shaping the microbial composition and fulfilling specific functions in the host. Consequently, understanding low-abundance microorganisms has become imperative to unravel true commensalism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of important findings on how low-abundance commensal microorganisms, including low-abundance bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, interact with the host and contribute to host phenotypes, with emphasis on the immune system. Indeed, low-abundance microorganisms play vital roles in the development of the host's immune system, influence disease status, and play a key role in shaping microbial communities in specific niches. Understanding the roles of low-abundance microbes is important and will lead to a better understanding of the true host-microbe relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geongoo Han
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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13
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Alexiev A, Melie T, Martindale R, Delacey C, Quandt CA, McKenzie VJ. Mr. Toad's Wild Fungi: Fungal Isolate Diversity on Colorado Boreal Toads and their Capacity for Pathogen Inhibition. FUNGAL ECOL 2023; 66:101297. [PMID: 38487623 PMCID: PMC10938945 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The amphibian skin pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused an ongoing biodiversity crisis, including in the locally endangered Colorado boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas). Although researchers have investigated the bacteria living on amphibian skin and how they interact with Bd, there is less information about fungal community members. This study describes (1) the diversity of culturable fungi from boreal toad skin, (2) which subset of these isolates is Bd-inhibitory, and (3) how Bd affects these isolates' growth and morphology. Most isolates were from the orders Capnodiales, Helotiales, and Pleosporales. Of 16 isolates tested for Bd-inhibition, two from the genus Neobulgaria and three from Pseudeurotium inhibited Bd. Fungal growth in co-culture with Bd varied with weak statistical support for Neobulgaria sp. (isolate BTF_36) and cf Psychrophila (isolate BTF_60) (p-values = 0.076 and 0.092, respectively). Fungal morphology remained unchanged in co-culture with Bd, however, these results could be attributed to low replication per isolate. Nonetheless, two fungal isolates' growth may have been affected by Bd, implying that fungal growth changes in Bd co-culture could be a variable worth measuring in the future (with higher replication). These findings add to the sparse but growing literature on amphibian-associated fungi and suggest further study may uncover the relevance of fungi to amphibian health and Bd infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alexiev
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Tina Melie
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Rachel Martindale
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Cameron Delacey
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - C. Alisha Quandt
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Valerie J. McKenzie
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
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14
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Al Bataineh MT, Künstner A, Dash NR, Alsafar HS, Ragab M, Schmelter F, Sina C, Busch H, Ibrahim SM. Uncovering the relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolomics, and dietary intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus and in healthy volunteers: a multi-omics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17943. [PMID: 37863978 PMCID: PMC10589304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic levels globally, and several studies have confirmed a link between gut microbial dysbiosis and aberrant glucose homeostasis among people with diabetes. While the assumption is that abnormal metabolomic signatures would often accompany microbial dysbiosis, the connection remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated how diet changed the gut bacteriome, mycobiome and metabolome in people with and without type 2 Diabetes.1 Differential abundance testing determined that the metabolites Propionate, U8, and 2-Hydroxybutyrate were significantly lower, and 3-Hydroxyphenyl acetate was higher in the high fiber diet compared to low fiber diet in the healthy control group. Next, using multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA2), we attempted to uncover sources of variability that drive each of the different groups (bacterial, fungal, and metabolite) on all samples combined (control and DM II). Performing variance decomposition, ten latent factors were identified, and then each latent factor was tested for significant correlations with age, BMI, diet, and gender. Latent Factor1 was the most significantly correlated. Remarkably, the model revealed that the mycobiome explained most of the variance in the DM II group (12.5%) whereas bacteria explained most of the variance in the control group (64.2% vs. 10.4% in the DM II group). The latent Factor1 was significantly correlated with dietary intake (q < 0.01). Further analyses of the impact of bacterial and fungal genera on Factor1 determined that the nine bacterial genera (Phocaeicola, Ligilactobacillus, Mesosutterella, Acidaminococcus, Dorea A, CAG-317, Caecibacter, Prevotella and Gemmiger) and one fungal genus (Malassezia furfur) were found to have high factor weights (absolute weight > 0.6). Alternatively, a linear regression model was fitted per disease group for each genus to visualize the relationship between the factor values and feature abundances, showing Xylose with positive weights and Propionate, U8, and 2-Hydroxybutyrate with negative weights. This data provides new information on the microbially derived changes that influence metabolic phenotypes in response to different diets and disease conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tahseen Al Bataineh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Habiba S Alsafar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohab Ragab
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Saleh Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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15
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Marquez L, Lee Y, Duncan D, Whitesell L, Cowen LE, Quave C. Potent Antifungal Activity of Penta- O-galloyl-β-d-Glucose against Drug-Resistant Candida albicans, Candida auris, and Other Non- albicans Candida Species. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1685-1694. [PMID: 37607350 PMCID: PMC10496123 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Among fungal pathogens, infections by drug-resistant Candida species continue to pose a major challenge to healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of the bioactive natural product, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Candida albicans, MDR Candida auris, and other MDR non-albicans Candida species. Here, we show that PGG has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25-8 μg mL-1 (0.265-8.5 μM) against three clinical strains of C. auris and a MIC of 0.25-4 μg mL-1 (0.265-4.25 μM) against a panel of other MDR Candida species. Our cytotoxicity studies found that PGG was well tolerated by human kidney, liver, and epithelial cells with an IC50 > 256 μg mL-1 (>272 μM). We also show that PGG is a high-capacity iron chelator and that deletion of key iron homeostasis genes in C. albicans rendered strains hypersensitive to PGG. In conclusion, PGG displayed potent anti-Candida activity with minimal cytotoxicity for human cells. We also found that the antifungal activity of PGG is mediated through an iron-chelating mechanism, suggesting that the compound could prove useful as a topical treatment for superficial Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Marquez
- Molecular
and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Jones
Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia 39870, United States
| | - Yunjin Lee
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Dustin Duncan
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Cassandra Quave
- Center
for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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16
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Asao K, Hashida N, Motooka D, Tsukamoto T, Nakamura S, Maruyama K, Nishida K. Fungal dysbiosis and decreased tear mucin at the conjunctiva in patients with conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:e001360. [PMID: 37777252 PMCID: PMC10546124 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the differences in the fungal microbiome between patients with conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and healthy controls using metagenomic analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This case-control study was conducted at Osaka University Hospital in Osaka, Japan, from April 2015 to March 2022. Twenty-five consecutive patients with conjunctival MALT lymphoma and 25 healthy volunteers were included. Metagenomic analysis using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)1 deep sequencing and hierarchical clustering was performed to investigate differences in the fungal microbiome. To assess tear environmental change, we measured tear mucin concentrations using ELISA. RESULTS Detailed analyses showed fungal dysbiosis and changes in β-diversity within the conjunctiva of patients with conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the participants could be divided into three clusters according to the Malassezia abundance: cluster I (Malassezia abundance above 70%), cluster II (Malassezia abundance 25%-70%) and cluster II (Malassezia abundance below 25%). Most patients were included in cluster I, whereas most of healthy controls were included in cluster III. The differences were significant. Tear mucin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with MALT compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION The metagenomic analysis using ITS1 deep sequencing was useful for identifying the differences in commensal fungi between patients with MALT lymphoma and healthy individuals. The increased prevalence of the Malassezia genus and the decreased levels of tear mucin can lead to an allergic response of the conjunctiva, resulting in the pathogenesis associated with conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Therefore, it may be beneficial to initiate treatment when a high abundance Malassezia is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Asao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hashida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsukamoto
- Biology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical. Co. Ltd, Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Vision Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Kang I, Kim Y, Lee HK. Double-edged sword: γδ T cells in mucosal homeostasis and disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1895-1904. [PMID: 37696894 PMCID: PMC10545763 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosa is a tissue that covers numerous body surfaces, including the respiratory tract, digestive tract, eye, and urogenital tract. Mucosa is in direct contact with pathogens, and γδ T cells perform various roles in the tissue. γδ T cells efficiently defend the mucosa from various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In addition, γδ T cells are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis because they select specific organisms in the microbiota and perform immunoregulatory functions. Furthermore, γδ T cells directly facilitate pregnancy by producing growth factors. However, γδ T cells can also play detrimental roles in mucosal health by amplifying inflammation, thereby worsening allergic responses. Moreover, these cells can act as major players in autoimmune diseases. Despite their robust roles in the mucosa, the application of γδ T cells in clinical practice is lacking because of factors such as gaps between mice and human cells, insufficient knowledge of the target of γδ T cells, and the small population of γδ T cells. However, γδ T cells may be attractive targets for clinical use due to their effector functions and low risk of inducing graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, robust research on γδ T cells is required to understand the crucial features of these cells and apply these knowledges to clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Agossou M, Inamo J, Ahouansou N, Dufeal M, Provost M, Badaran E, Zouzou A, Awanou B, Dramé M, Desbois-Nogard N. Frequency and Distribution of Broncho-Alveolar Fungi in Lung Diseases in Martinique. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5480. [PMID: 37685550 PMCID: PMC10488106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota refers to all the microorganisms living in and on the human body; its fungal component is known as the mycobiota. The molecular component (mycobiome) has been linked to certain pulmonary diseases. Morphological fungal examination is still common practice and makes it possible to isolate fungi on direct examination or after sample culture. This study aimed to identify fungi via the genus colonising the respiratory tract in our environment and to evaluate the relationship between identified fungi and underlying diseases. We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent bronchofiberoscopy and mycological analysis of fluid collected by broncho-alveolar lavage at our centre over a period of 5 years. During the study period, 1588 samples from 1547 patients were analysed (50.7% male, mean age 63.7 ± 14.8 years). Among the 1588 samples, 213 (13.4%) were positive on direct examination, and 1282 (80.8%) were positive after culture. The average number of species detected per sample was 1.4 ± 1.1. For patients with positive fungus, the median was two (ranging from one to seven). At least three fungal species were isolated in 14.4% of samples (17.9% of positive cultures), and at least two were isolated in 41.2% of samples (51.1% of positive cultures). Sterile mycelium was observed in 671 samples (42.28%), while Candida was identified in 607 samples (38.25%), and Geotrichum was identified in 271 samples (17.08%). Moulds were more frequently associated with bronchiectasis, while yeasts were associated with infectious pneumonia. Both moulds and yeasts were less frequent in diffuse interstitial lung disease, and yeast was less frequently present in chronic cough. Although overall, sterile mycelium and Candida were most frequently observed regardless of the underlying disease, there was nonetheless significant variability in the fungal genera between diseases. Fungal spores are highly prevalent in respiratory samples in Martinique. The species present in the samples varied according to the underlying respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Agossou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Jocelyn Inamo
- Department of Cardiology, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France;
| | - Nelly Ahouansou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Marion Dufeal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Mathilde Provost
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Elena Badaran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Adel Zouzou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Bérénice Awanou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Moustapha Dramé
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France;
- EpiCliV Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of the French West Indies, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
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19
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Shi Y, Li J, Cai S, Zhao H, Zhao H, Sun G, Yang Y. Proton pump inhibitors induced fungal dysbiosis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1205348. [PMID: 37662013 PMCID: PMC10469693 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1205348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut mycobiota inhabits human gastrointestinal lumen and plays a role in human health and disease. We investigated the influence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastric mucosal and fecal mycobiota in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) by using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 sequencing. A total of 65 participants were included, consisting of the healthy control (HC) group, GERD patients who did not use PPIs (nt-GERD), and GERD patients who used PPIs, which were further divided into short-term (s-PPI) and long-term PPI user (l-PPI) groups based on the duration of PPI use. The alpha diversity and beta diversity of gastric mucosal mycobiota in GERD patients with PPI use were significantly different from HCs, but there were no differences between s-PPI and l-PPI groups. LEfSe analysis identified Candida at the genus level as a biomarker for the s-PPI group when compared to the nt-GERD group. Meanwhile, Candida, Nothojafnea, Rhizodermea, Ambispora, and Saccharicola were more abundant in the l-PPI group than in the nt-GERD group. Furthermore, colonization of Candida in gastric mucosa was significantly increased after PPI treatment. However, there was no significant difference in Candida colonization between patients with endoscopic esophageal mucosal breaks and those without. There were significant differences in the fecal mycobiota composition between HCs and GERD patients regardless whether or not they used PPI. As compared to nt-GERD patient samples, there was a high abundance of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mycenella, Exserohilum, and Clitopilus in the s-PPI group. In addition, there was a significantly higher abundance of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Podospora, Phallus, and Monographella in the l-PPI group than nt-GERD patients. In conclusion, our study indicates that dysbiosis of mycobiota was presented in GERD patients in both gastric mucosal and fecal mycobiota. PPI treatment may increase the colonization of Candida in the gastric mucosa in GERD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuntian Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Beghetti I, Barone M, Brigidi P, Sansavini A, Corvaglia L, Aceti A, Turroni S. Early-life gut microbiota and neurodevelopment in preterm infants: a narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1241303. [PMID: 37614746 PMCID: PMC10443645 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1241303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants born preterm are at a high risk of both gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and neurodevelopmental impairment. While the link between early dysbiosis and short-term clinical outcomes is well established, the relationship with long-term infant health has only recently gained interest. Notably, there is a significant overlap in the developmental windows of GM and the nervous system in early life. The connection between GM and neurodevelopment was first described in animal models, but over the last decade a growing body of research has also identified GM features as one of the potential mediators for human neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the developing GM in early life and its prospective relationship with neurodevelopment, with a focus on preterm infants. Animal models have provided evidence for emerging pathways linking early-life GM with brain development. Furthermore, a relationship between both dynamic patterns and static features of the GM during preterm infants' early life and brain maturation, as well as neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood, was documented. Future human studies in larger cohorts, integrated with studies on animal models, may provide additional evidence and help to identify predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for healthy neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Beghetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sansavini
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Corvaglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Aceti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Gryaznova M, Smirnova Y, Burakova I, Morozova P, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Mikhaylov E, Syromyatnikov M. Characteristics of the Fecal Microbiome of Piglets with Diarrhea Identified Using Shotgun Metagenomics Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2303. [PMID: 37508080 PMCID: PMC10376196 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea in piglets is one of the most common diseases leading to high mortality and, as a result, to economic losses. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on the DNBSEQ-G50, MGI system to study the role of the fecal microbiome in the development of diarrhea in newborn piglets. Analysis of the study data showed that the composition of the fecal microbiome at the level of bacteria and fungi did not differ in piglets with diarrhea from the healthy group. Bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the most abundant. However, a higher level of bacterial alpha diversity was observed in the group of piglets with diarrhea, which may be due to dysbacteriosis and inflammation. The study of the virome showed the difference between the two types of phages: Bacteroides B40-8 prevailed in diseased piglets, while Escherichia virus BP4 was found in greater numbers in healthy piglets. The results of our study suggest that the association between the fecal microbiome and susceptibility to diarrhea in suckling piglets may have been previously overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Inna Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Polina Morozova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Nesterova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gladkikh
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Evgeny Mikhaylov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
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22
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Li F, Gao Y, Cheng W, Su X, Yang R. Gut fungal mycobiome: A significant factor of tumor occurrence and development. Cancer Lett 2023; 569:216302. [PMID: 37451425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, archaea and protozoa coexists within the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as that fungi are detectable in all intestinal and colon segments in almost all healthy adults. Although fungi can cause infectious diseases, they are also related to gut and systemic homeostasis. Importantly, through transformation of different forms such as from yeast to hyphae, interaction among gut microbiota such as fungal and bacterial interaction, host factors such as immune and host derived factors, and fungus genetic and epigenetic factors, fungi can be transformed from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles. Recent studies have shown that fungi play a significant role in the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal cancer. Indeed, evidences have shown that multiple species of different fungi exist in different tumors. Studies have also demonstrated that fungi are related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and also survival of patients. Here we summarize recent advances in the transformation of fungi from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles, and the effects of gut pathogenic fungi on the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenyue Cheng
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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23
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Yan D, Li M, Si W, Ni S, Liu X, Chang Y, Guo X, Wang J, Bai J, Chen Y, Jia H, Zhang T, Wu M, Song X, Tian Z, Yu L. Haze Exposure Changes the Skin Fungal Community and Promotes the Growth of Talaromyces Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0118822. [PMID: 36507683 PMCID: PMC10269824 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01188-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Haze pollution has been a public health issue. The skin microbiota, as a component of the first line of defense, is disturbed by environmental pollutants, which may have an impact on human health. A total of 74 skin samples from healthy students were collected during haze and nonhaze days in spring and winter. Significant differences of skin fungal community composition between haze and nonhaze days were observed in female and male samples in spring and male samples in winter based on unweighted UniFrac distance analysis. Phylogenetic diversity whole-tree indices and observed features were significantly increased during haze days in male samples in winter compared to nonhaze days, but no significant difference was observed in other groups. Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae, etc. were significantly enriched during nonhaze days, whereas Trichocomaceae, Talaromyces, and Pezizaceae were significantly enriched during haze days. Thus, five Talaromyces strains were isolated, and an in vitro culture experiment revealed that the growth of representative Talaromyces strains was increased at high concentrations of particulate matter, confirming the sequencing results. Furthermore, during haze days, the fungal community assembly was better fitted to a niche-based assembly model than during nonhaze days. Talaromyces enriched during haze days deviated from the neutral assembly process. Our findings provided a comprehensive characterization of the skin fungal community during haze and nonhaze days and elucidated novel insights into how haze exposure influences the skin fungal community. IMPORTANCE Skin fungi play an important role in human health. Particulate matter (PM), the main haze pollutant, has been a public environmental threat. However, few studies have assessed the effects of air pollutants on skin fungi. Here, haze exposure influenced the diversity and composition of the skin fungal community. In an in vitro experiment, a high concentration of PM promoted the growth of Talaromyces strains. The fungal community assembly is better fitted to a niche-based assembly model during haze days. We anticipate that this study may provide new insights on the role of haze exposure disturbing the skin fungal community. It lays the groundwork for further clarifying the association between the changes of the skin fungal community and adverse health outcomes. Our study is the first to report the changes in the skin fungal community during haze and nonhaze days, which expands the understanding of the relationship between haze and skin fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Min Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wenhao Si
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shijun Ni
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yahan Chang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaochan Guo
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanhang Chen
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haoyue Jia
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minna Wu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Caparrós-Martín JA, Saladie M, Agudelo-Romero SP, Reen FJ, Ware RS, Sly PD, Stick SM, O'Gara F. Detection of bile acids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid defines the inflammatory and microbial landscape of the lower airways in infants with cystic fibrosis. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37312128 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and recurrent infection of the airways. How these processes are initiated and perpetuated in CF remains largely unknown. We have demonstrated a link between the intestinal microbiota-related metabolites bile acids (BA) and inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with stable CF lung disease. To establish if BA indicate early pathological processes in CF lung disease, we combined targeted mass spectrometry and amplicon sequencing-based microbial characterization of 121 BALF specimens collected from 12-month old infants with CF enrolled in the COMBAT-CF study, a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing azithromycin versus placebo. We evaluated whether detection of BA in BALF is associated with the establishment of the inflammatory and microbial landscape of early CF lung disease, and whether azithromycin, a motilin agonist that has been demonstrated to reduce aspiration of gastric contents, alters the odds of detecting BA in BALF. We also explored how different prophylactic antibiotics regimens impact the early life BALF microbiota. RESULTS Detection of BA in BALF was strongly associated with biomarkers of airway inflammation, more exacerbation episodes during the first year of life, increased use of oral antibiotics with prolonged treatment periods, a higher degree of structural lung damage, and distinct microbial profiles. Treatment with azithromycin, a motilin agonist, which has been reported to reduce aspiration of gastric contents, did not reduce the odds of detecting BA in BALF. Culture and molecular methods showed that azithromycin does not alter bacterial load or diversity in BALF. Conversely, penicillin-type prophylaxis reduced the odds of detecting BAs in BALF, which was associated with elevated levels of circulating biomarkers of cholestasis. We also observed that environmental factors such as penicillin-type prophylaxis or BAs detection were linked to distinct early microbial communities of the CF airways, which were associated with different inflammatory landscapes but not with structural lung damage. CONCLUSIONS Detection of BA in BALF portend early pathological events in CF lung disease. Benefits early in life associated with azithromycin are not linked to its antimicrobial properties. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Caparrós-Martín
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Montserrat Saladie
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Present Address: Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira I Virgili-EURECAT, Reus, Spain
| | - S Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - F Jerry Reen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland.
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25
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Cong L, Chen C, Mao S, Han Z, Zhu Z, Li Y. Intestinal bacteria-a powerful weapon for fungal infections treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1187831. [PMID: 37333850 PMCID: PMC10272564 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1187831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal infections are rising gradually. In recent years, fungi have quietly evolved stronger defense capabilities and increased resistance to antibiotics, posing huge challenges to maintaining physical health. Therefore, developing new drugs and strategies to combat these invasive fungi is crucial. There are a large number of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of mammals, collectively referred to as intestinal microbiota. At the same time, these native microorganisms co-evolve with their hosts in symbiotic relationship. Recent researches have shown that some probiotics and intestinal symbiotic bacteria can inhibit the invasion and colonization of fungi. In this paper, we review the mechanism of some intestinal bacteria affecting the growth and invasion of fungi by targeting the virulence factors, quorum sensing system, secreting active metabolites or regulating the host anti-fungal immune response, so as to provide new strategies for resisting invasive fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Cong
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zibing Han
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuobin Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Anderson FM, Visser ND, Amses KR, Hodgins-Davis A, Weber AM, Metzner KM, McFadden MJ, Mills RE, O'Meara MJ, James TY, O'Meara TR. Candida albicans selection for human commensalism results in substantial within-host diversity without decreasing fitness for invasive disease. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001822. [PMID: 37205709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a frequent colonizer of human mucosal surfaces as well as an opportunistic pathogen. C. albicans is remarkably versatile in its ability to colonize diverse host sites with differences in oxygen and nutrient availability, pH, immune responses, and resident microbes, among other cues. It is unclear how the genetic background of a commensal colonizing population can influence the shift to pathogenicity. Therefore, we examined 910 commensal isolates from 35 healthy donors to identify host niche-specific adaptations. We demonstrate that healthy people are reservoirs for genotypically and phenotypically diverse C. albicans strains. Using limited diversity exploitation, we identified a single nucleotide change in the uncharacterized ZMS1 transcription factor that was sufficient to drive hyper invasion into agar. We found that SC5314 was significantly different from the majority of both commensal and bloodstream isolates in its ability to induce host cell death. However, our commensal strains retained the capacity to cause disease in the Galleria model of systemic infection, including outcompeting the SC5314 reference strain during systemic competition assays. This study provides a global view of commensal strain variation and within-host strain diversity of C. albicans and suggests that selection for commensalism in humans does not result in a fitness cost for invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Noelle D Visser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin R Amses
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrea Hodgins-Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M Weber
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Katura M Metzner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael J McFadden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ryan E Mills
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew J O'Meara
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Teresa R O'Meara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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27
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MacAlpine J, Robbins N, Cowen LE. Bacterial-fungal interactions and their impact on microbial pathogenesis. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2565-2581. [PMID: 35231147 PMCID: PMC11032213 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities of the human microbiota exhibit diverse effects on human health and disease. Microbial homeostasis is important for normal physiological functions and changes to the microbiota are associated with many human diseases including diabetes, cancer, and colitis. In addition, there are many microorganisms that are either commensal or acquired from environmental reservoirs that can cause diverse pathologies. Importantly, the balance between health and disease is intricately connected to how members of the microbiota interact and affect one another's growth and pathogenicity. However, the mechanisms that govern these interactions are only beginning to be understood. In this review, we outline bacterial-fungal interactions in the human body, including examining the mechanisms by which bacteria govern fungal growth and virulence, as well as how fungi regulate bacterial pathogenesis. We summarize advances in the understanding of chemical, physical, and protein-based interactions, and their role in exacerbating or impeding human disease. We focus on the three fungal species responsible for the majority of systemic fungal infections in humans: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. We conclude by summarizing recent studies that have mined microbes for novel antimicrobials and antivirulence factors, highlighting the potential of the human microbiota as a rich resource for small molecule discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie MacAlpine
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
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28
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Dudek NK, Galaz-Montoya JG, Shi H, Mayer M, Danita C, Celis AI, Viehboeck T, Wu GH, Behr B, Bulgheresi S, Huang KC, Chiu W, Relman DA. Previously uncharacterized rectangular bacterial structures in the dolphin mouth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2098. [PMID: 37055390 PMCID: PMC10102025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Much remains to be explored regarding the diversity of uncultured, host-associated microbes. Here, we describe rectangular bacterial structures (RBSs) in the mouths of bottlenose dolphins. DNA staining revealed multiple paired bands within RBSs, suggesting the presence of cells dividing along the longitudinal axis. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and tomography showed parallel membrane-bound segments that are likely cells, encapsulated by an S-layer-like periodic surface covering. RBSs displayed unusual pilus-like appendages with bundles of threads splayed at the tips. We present multiple lines of evidence, including genomic DNA sequencing of micromanipulated RBSs, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, suggesting that RBSs are bacterial and distinct from the genera Simonsiella and Conchiformibius (family Neisseriaceae), with which they share similar morphology and division patterning. Our findings highlight the diversity of novel microbial forms and lifestyles that await characterization using tools complementary to genomics such as microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha K Dudek
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Quantori, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Handuo Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Megan Mayer
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cristina Danita
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Arianna I Celis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tobias Viehboeck
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, and Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gong-Her Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Barry Behr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Silvia Bulgheresi
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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Proctor DM, Drummond RA, Lionakis MS, Segre JA. One population, multiple lifestyles: Commensalism and pathogenesis in the human mycobiome. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:539-553. [PMID: 37054674 PMCID: PMC10155287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris and Candida albicans can result in invasive fungal diseases. And yet, these species can stably and asymptomatically colonize human skin and gastrointestinal tracts. To consider these disparate microbial lifestyles, we first review factors shown to influence the underlying microbiome. Structured by the damage response framework, we then consider the molecular mechanisms deployed by C. albicans to switch between commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. Next, we explore this framework with C. auris to highlight how host physiology, immunity, and/or antibiotic receipt are associated with progression from colonization to infection. While treatment with antibiotics increases the risk that an individual will succumb to invasive candidiasis, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we describe several hypotheses that may explain this phenomenon. We conclude by highlighting future directions integrating genomics with immunology to advance our understanding of invasive candidiasis and human fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Proctor
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Drummond
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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30
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Dickenson RE, Pellon A, Ponde NO, Hepworth O, Daniels Gatward LF, Naglik JR, Moyes DL. EGR1 regulates oral epithelial cell responses to Candida albicans via the EGFR- ERK1/2 pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.31.535186. [PMID: 37066428 PMCID: PMC10103955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.31.535186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a fungal pathobiont colonising mucosal surfaces of the human body, including the oral cavity. Under certain predisposing conditions, C. albicans invades mucosal tissues activating EGFR-MAPK signalling pathways in epithelial cells via the action of its peptide toxin candidalysin. However, our knowledge of the epithelial mechanisms involved during C. albicans colonisation is rudimentary. Here, we describe the role of the transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) in human oral epithelial cells (OECs) in response to C. albicans. EGR1 expression increases in OECs when exposed to C. albicans independently of fungal viability, morphology, or candidalysin release, suggesting EGR1 is involved in the fundamental recognition of C. albicans, rather than in response to invasion or 'pathogenesis'. Upregulation of EGR1 is mediated by EGFR via Raf1, ERK1/2 and NF-κB signalling but not PI3K/mTOR signalling. Notably, EGR1 mRNA silencing impacts on anti-C. albicans immunity, reducing GM-CSF, IL-1α and IL-1β release, and increasing IL-6 and IL-8 production. These findings identify an important role for EGR1 in priming epithelial cells to respond to subsequent invasive infection by C. albicans and elucidate the regulation circuit of this transcription factor after contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Dickenson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aize Pellon
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicole O Ponde
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Now at Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Olivia Hepworth
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lydia F Daniels Gatward
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David L Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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31
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Weiner A, Turjeman S, Koren O. Gut microbes and host behavior: The forgotten members of the gut-microbiome. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109453. [PMID: 36738776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to an entire population of microorganisms that colonize the gut. This community includes viruses, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and eukaryotes (fungi and parasites). Multiple studies in the last decades described the significant involvement of gut bacteria in gut-brain axis communication; however, the involvement of other members of the gut microbiota has been neglected. Recent studies found that these 'forgotten' members of the gut microbiota may also have a role in gut-brain communication, although it is still unclear whether they have a direct effect on the brain or if their effects are mediated by gut bacteria. Here, we provide concrete suggestions for future research to tease out mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Weiner
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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32
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Hartmann P, Schnabl B. Fungal infections and the fungal microbiome in hepatobiliary disorders. J Hepatol 2023; 78:836-851. [PMID: 36565724 PMCID: PMC10033447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver and biliary diseases affect more than a billion people worldwide, with high associated morbidity and mortality. The impact of the intestinal bacterial microbiome on liver diseases has been well established. However, the fungal microbiome, or mycobiome, has been overlooked for a long time. Recently, several studies have shed light on the role of the mycobiome in the development and progression of hepatobiliary diseases. In particular, the fungal genus Candida has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple hepatobiliary conditions. Herein, we compare colonisation and infection, describe mycobiome findings in the healthy state and across the various hepatobiliary conditions, and point toward communalities. We detail how quantitation of immune responses to fungal antigens can be employed to predict disease severity, e.g. using antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae or specific anti-Candida albicans antibodies. We also show how fungal products (e.g. beta-glucans, candidalysin) activate the host's immune system to exacerbate liver and biliary diseases. Finally, we describe how the gut mycobiome can be modulated to ameliorate hepatobiliary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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33
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Wilson A, Bogie B, Chaaban H, Burge K. The Nonbacterial Microbiome: Fungal and Viral Contributions to the Preterm Infant Gut in Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:909. [PMID: 37110332 PMCID: PMC10144239 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is frequently implicated in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) pathogenesis. While no particular organism has been associated with NEC development, a general reduction in bacterial diversity and increase in pathobiont abundance has been noted preceding disease onset. However, nearly all evaluations of the preterm infant microbiome focus exclusively on the bacterial constituents, completely ignoring any fungi, protozoa, archaea, and viruses present. The abundance, diversity, and function of these nonbacterial microbes within the preterm intestinal ecosystem are largely unknown. Here, we review findings on the role of fungi and viruses, including bacteriophages, in preterm intestinal development and neonatal intestinal inflammation, with potential roles in NEC pathogenesis yet to be determined. In addition, we highlight the importance of host and environmental influences, interkingdom interactions, and the role of human milk in shaping fungal and viral abundance, diversity, and function within the preterm intestinal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hala Chaaban
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kathryn Burge
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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34
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Liu Y, Li H, Ren P, Che Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Yang Y, Guan L. Polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes residues protects mice from Pb poisoning by activating Akt/GSK3β/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway and modulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123154. [PMID: 36610568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) can cause damages to the brain, liver, kidney, endocrine and other systems. Flammulina velutipes residues polysaccharide (FVRP) has been reported to exhibit anti-heavy metal toxicity on yeast, but its regulating mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of FVRP on Pb-intoxicated mice were investigated. The results showed that FVRP could reduce liver and kidney function indexes, serum inflammatory factor levels, and increase antioxidant enzyme activity of Pb-poisoned mice. FVRP also exhibited a protective effect on histopathological damages in organs of Pb-intoxicated mice. Furthermore, FVRP attenuated Pb-induced kidney injury by inhibiting apoptosis via activating the Akt/GSK3β/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In addition, based on 16 s rRNA and ITS-2 sequencing data, FVRP regulated the imbalance of gut microbiota to alleviate the damage of Pb-poisoned mice by increasing the abundance of beneficial microbiota (Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Saccharomyces and Mycosphaerella) and decreasing the abundance of harmful microbiota (Muribaculaceae and Pleosporaceae). In conclusion, FVRP inhibited kidney injury in Pb-poisoned mice by inhibiting apoptosis via activating Akt/GSK3β/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and regulating gut fungi and gut bacteria. This study not only revealed the role of gut fungi in Pb-toxicity, but also laid a theoretical foundation for FVRP as a natural drug against Pb-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yange Che
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaming Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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35
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Bao L, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Jiang D, Yan D. Abnormal proliferation of gut mycobiota contributes to the aggravation of Type 2 diabetes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:226. [PMID: 36854740 PMCID: PMC9974954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) constitutes a worldwide health threat, and the underlying mechanism for the development and progression of T2D is complex and multifactorial. During the last decade, gut commensal bacteria have been found to play a crucial role in the regulation of T2D and related metabolic disorders. However, as a considerable component in gut microbiome, the relationship between mycobiota and T2D and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. As a proof-of-concept, we observed that the ablation of the commensal fungi in mice can protect HFD (High fat diet) induced insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. Both ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) sequencing and culture-dependent analysis show the enrichment of Candida albicans in samples from individuals with T2D (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100042049). Repopulation with C. albicans in HFD mice accelerated insulin resistance and related disorders. Mechanically, we found the β-glucan from C. albicans mirrored the deteriorating effect of C. albicans through the dectin-1 dependent pathway. Our current findings support that gut mycobiota play an important role in the progress of T2D and indicated the preventing of gut mycobiota is a promising strategy to alleviate insulin resistance and related metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.10 Tieyi-Road, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, No.10 Tieyi-Road, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, No.10 Tieyi-Road, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.10 Tieyi-Road, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Dechun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.10 Tieyi-Road, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, No.10 Tieyi-Road, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, No.10 Tieyi-Road, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, China.
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36
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Hu J, Chen J, Hou Q, Xu X, Ren J, Ma L, Yan X. Core-predominant gut fungus Kazachstania slooffiae promotes intestinal epithelial glycolysis via lysine desuccinylation in pigs. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 36814349 PMCID: PMC9948344 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut fungi are increasingly recognized as important contributors to host physiology, although most studies have focused on gut bacteria. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play vital roles in cell metabolism. However, the contribution of gut fungi to host protein PTMs remains unclear. Mining gut fungi that mediate host protein PTMs and dissecting their mechanism are urgently needed. RESULTS We studied the gut fungal communities of 56 weaned piglets and 56 finishing pigs from seven pig breeds using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. The results showed that Kazachstania slooffiae was the most abundant gut fungal species in the seven breeds of weaned piglets. K. slooffiae decreased intestinal epithelial lysine succinylation levels, and these proteins were especially enriched in the glycolysis pathway. We demonstrated that K. slooffiae promoted intestinal epithelial glycolysis by decreasing lysine succinylation by activating sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). Furthermore, K. slooffiae-derived 5'-methylthioadenosine metabolite promoted the SIRT5 activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a landscape of gut fungal communities of pigs and suggest that K. slooffiae plays a crucial role in intestinal glycolysis metabolism through lysine desuccinylation. Our data also suggest a potential protective strategy for pigs with an insufficient intestinal energy supply. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- BGI Research-Qingdao, BGI, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Qiliang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
Shopping malls offer various niches for microbial populations, potentially serving as sources and reservoirs for the spread of microorganisms of public health concern. However, knowledge about the microbiome and the distribution of human pathogens in malls is largely unknown. Here, we examine the microbial community dynamics and genotypes of potential pathogens from floor and escalator surfaces in shopping malls and adjacent road dusts and greenbelt soils. The distribution pattern of microbial communities is driven primarily by habitats and seasons. A significant enrichment of human-associated microbiota in the indoor environment indicates that human interactions with surfaces might be another strong driver for mall microbiomes. Neutral community models suggest that the microbial community assembly is strongly driven by stochastic processes. Distinct performances of microbial taxonomic signatures for environmental classifications indicate the consistent differences of microbial communities of different seasons/habitats and the strong anthropogenic effect on homogenizing microbial communities of shopping malls. Indoor environments harbored higher concentrations of human pathogens than outdoor samples, also carrying a high proportion of antimicrobial resistance-associated multidrug efflux genes and virulence genes. These findings enhanced the understanding of the microbiome in the built environment and the interactions between humans and the built environment, providing a basis for tracking biothreats and communicable diseases and developing sophisticated early warning systems. IMPORTANCE Shopping malls are distinct microbial environments which can facilitate a constant transmission of microorganisms of public health concern between humans and the built environment or between human and human. Despite extensive investigation of the natural environmental microbiome, no comprehensive profile of microbial ecology has been reported in malls. Characterizing microbial distribution, potential pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance will enhance our understanding of how these microbial communities are formed, maintained, and transferred and help establish a baseline for biosurveillance of potential public health threats in malls.
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Wang H, Wu H, Li KD, Wang YY, Huang RG, Du YJ, Jin X, Zhang QR, Li XB, Li BZ. Intestinal fungi and systemic autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103234. [PMID: 36423833 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 20 years of studies have shown that fungi and the human immune system (non-specific immunity and specific immunity) and bacterial--fungal interactions maintain a balance that can't lead to diseases. Fungi--microorganism that lives in human intestine--may play an important role in human health and disease. Population studies and animal models in some diseases have found the changes in the diversity and composition of fungi. The dysregulation of the fungi can disrupt the normal "running" of the immune system and bacteria, which triggers the development of inflammatory diseases. The latest studies of fungi in inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus were summarized. This review considers how the healthy host protect against the potential harm of intestinal fungi through the immune system and how fungal dysregulation alters host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai-Di Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong-Gui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Jie Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian-Ru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Bao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Turunen J, Paalanne N, Reunanen J, Tapiainen T, Tejesvi MV. Development of gut mycobiome in infants and young children: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02471-y. [PMID: 36670159 PMCID: PMC10382308 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the gut fungal microbiome, mycobiome, is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. Here we investigate how perinatal events influence the development of gut mycobiome. METHODS In this prospective cohort study of 140 infants, we used ITS gene sequencing of fecal samples from birth to the age of 18 months. We compared gut mycobiome composition according to delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotics during vaginal delivery. RESULTS At birth, gut mycobiome were dominated by the genus Candida, at 6-month stool samples by Malassezia and Cystofilobasidium, and the 18-month stool samples by Trichosporon and unidentified fungi. Perinatal factors altered mycobiome. At 18 months, gut mycobiome of infants born vaginally consisted mostly of Trichosporon (32%) and unidentified fungi (31%), while those born via Cesarean section delivery samples had mycobiome dominated by Saccharomyces (50%). At the age of 18 months, those exposed to intrapartum antibiotics had mycobiome dominated by Trichosporon (66%) not seen in those unexposed to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age. IMPACT The composition of the gut mycobiome is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. In this prospective cohort study, delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age. The impact of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on fungal microbiome in vaginally born infants, previously shown to influence gut bacteriome composition, may be explained by the interaction between bacteria and fungi. Gut mycobiome composition likely deserves further investigation in relation to gut microbiome and health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Turunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mysore V Tejesvi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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40
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Zamboni F, Wong CK, Collins MN. Hyaluronic acid association with bacterial, fungal and viral infections: Can hyaluronic acid be used as an antimicrobial polymer for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications? Bioact Mater 2023; 19:458-473. [PMID: 35574061 PMCID: PMC9079116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between hyaluronic acid (HA) and pathological microorganisms incite new understandings on microbial infection, tissue penetration, disease progression and lastly, potential treatments. These understandings are important for the advancement of next generation antimicrobial therapeutical strategies for the control of healthcare-associated infections. Herein, this review will focus on the interplay between HA, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review will also comprehensively detail and discuss the antimicrobial activity displayed by various HA molecular weights for a variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including microbiology, pharmaceutics, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Zamboni
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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41
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Fekete EE, Figeys D, Zhang X. Microbiota-directed biotherapeutics: considerations for quality and functional assessment. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2186671. [PMID: 36896938 PMCID: PMC10012963 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence points to causative or correlative roles of gut microbiome in the development of a myriad of diseases ranging from gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases to neurological disorders and cancers. Consequently, efforts have been made to develop and apply therapeutics targeting the human microbiome, in particular the gut microbiota, for treating diseases and maintaining wellness. Here we summarize the current development of gut microbiota-directed therapeutics with a focus on novel biotherapeutics, elaborate the need of advanced -omics approaches for evaluating the microbiota-type biotherapeutics, and discuss the clinical and regulatory challenges. We also discuss the development and potential application of ex vivo microbiome assays and in vitro intestinal cellular models in this context. Altogether, this review aims to provide a broad view of promises and challenges of the emerging field of microbiome-directed human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ef Fekete
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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42
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Wang WH, Lai TX, Wu YC, Chen ZT, Tseng KY, Lan CY. Associations of Rap1 with Cell Wall Integrity, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0328522. [PMID: 36416583 PMCID: PMC9769648 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03285-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1 (repressor activator protein 1) is a multifunctional protein, playing important roles in telomeric and nontelomeric functions in many eukaryotes. Candida albicans Rap1 has been previously shown to be involved in telomeric regulation, but its other functions are still mostly unknown. In this study, we found that the deletion of the RAP1 gene altered cell wall properties, composition, and gene expression. In addition, deletion of RAP1 affected C. albicans biofilm formation and modulated phagocytosis and cytokine release by host immune cells. Finally, the RAP1 gene deletion mutant showed attenuation of C. albicans virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Therefore, these findings provide new insights into Rap1 functions that are particularly relevant to pathogenesis and virulence of C. albicans. IMPORTANCE C. albicans is an important fungal pathogen of humans. The cell wall is the outermost layer of C. albicans and is important for commensalism and infection by this pathogen. Moreover, the cell wall is also an important target for antifungals. Studies of how C. albicans maintains its cell wall integrity are critical for a better understanding of fungal pathogenesis and virulence. This work focuses on exploring unknown functions of C. albicans Rap1 and reveals its contribution to cell wall integrity, biofilm formation, and virulence. Notably, these findings will also improve our general understanding of complex machinery to control pathogenesis and virulence of fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Xiu Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zzu-Ting Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yun Tseng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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43
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Malathi S, Manikandan D, Nishanthi R, Jagan EG, Riyaz SUM, Palani P, Simal‐Gandara J. Silver Nanoparticles, Synthesized using
Hyptis suaveolens
(L) Poit and their Antifungal Activity against
Candida
spp. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Malathi
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai India
- Department of Biotechnology Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous) Enathur Kanchipuram
| | - Dhayalan Manikandan
- Small Molecules and Drug Discovery group, Chengdu Anticancer Biosciecne, Tianfu International Biotown Chengdu 610000 China
| | - Ramasami Nishanthi
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRMIST Kattankulathur 603 203 Tamilnadu India
| | - Enthai Ganeshan Jagan
- Department of Biotechnology Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous) Enathur Kanchipuram
- Department of Molecular Microbiology School of Biotechnology Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai -625021 India
| | - Savaas Umar Mohammed Riyaz
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology Islamiah College (Autonomous) Vaniyambadi 635752 Tamilnadu India
| | - Perumal Palani
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai India
| | - Jesus Simal‐Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo Nutrition and Bromatology Group Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department Faculty of Science E-32004 Ourense Spain
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44
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Lee EH, Kim H, Koh JH, Cha KH, Lee KK, Kim WU, Pan CH, Lee YH. Dysbiotic but nonpathogenic shift in the fecal mycobiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2149020. [PMID: 36472468 PMCID: PMC9728469 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with the oral and gut microbiomes. Fungal cell wall components initiate inflammatory arthritis in mouse models. However, little is known regarding the role of the fungal community in the pathogenesis of RA. To evaluate the association between RA and the gut microbiome, investigations of bacterial and fungal communities in patients with RA are necessary. Therefore, we investigated the compositions and associations of fecal bacterial and fungal communities in 30 healthy controls and 99 patients with RA. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Blautia decreased, whereas the relative abundance of Streptococcus increased, in patients with RA. The relative abundance of Candida in the fecal fungal community was higher in patients with RA than in healthy controls, while the relative abundance of Aspergillus was higher in healthy controls than in patients with RA. Candida species-specific gene amplification showed that C. albicans was the most abundant species of Candida. Ordination analysis and random forest classification models supported the findings of structural changes in bacterial and fungal communities. Aspergillus was the core fecal fungal genus in healthy controls, although Saccharomyces spp. are typically predominant in Western cohorts. In addition, bacterial-fungal association analyses showed that the hub node had shifted from fungi to bacteria in patients with RA. The finding of fungal dysbiosis in patients with RA suggests that fungi play critical roles in the fecal microbial communities and pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Korea,Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea,Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kiseok Keith Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea,Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,CONTACT Wan-Uk Kim Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Cheol-Ho Pan Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Korea; Yong-Hwan Lee Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Li K, Yang J, Zhou X, Wang H, Ren Y, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhong Z, Peng G, Zheng C, Zhou Z. The Mechanism of Important Components in Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120695. [PMID: 36548856 PMCID: PMC9786814 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a potential treatment for many intestinal diseases. In dogs, FMT has been shown to have positive regulation effects in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, acute diarrhea (AD), and acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS). FMT involves transplanting the functional components of a donor's feces into the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient. The effective components of FMT not only include commensal bacteria, but also include viruses, fungi, bacterial metabolites, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) from the donor feces. By affecting microbiota and regulating host immunity, these components can help the recipient to restore their microbial community, improve their intestinal barrier, and induce anti-inflammation in their intestines, thereby affecting the development of diseases. In addition to the above components, mucin proteins and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) may be functional ingredients in FMT as well. In addition to the abovementioned indications, FMT is also thought to be useful in treating some other diseases in dogs. Consequently, when preparing FMT fecal material, it is important to preserve the functional components involved. Meanwhile, appropriate fecal material delivery methods should be chosen according to the mechanisms these components act by in FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunchuan Huang
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengli Zheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Zhang F, Aschenbrenner D, Yoo JY, Zuo T. The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e969-e983. [PMID: 36182668 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut mycobiome (fungi) is a small but crucial component of the gut microbiome in humans. Intestinal fungi regulate host homoeostasis, pathophysiological and physiological processes, and the assembly of the co-residing gut bacterial microbiome. Over the past decade, accumulating studies have characterised the gut mycobiome in health and several pathological conditions. We review the compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy populations from birth to adulthood. We describe factors influencing the gut mycobiome and the roles of intestinal fungi-especially Candida and Saccharomyces spp-in diseases and therapies with a particular focus on their synergism with the gut bacterial microbiome and host immunity. Finally, we discuss the underappreciated effects of gut fungi in clinical implications, and highlight future microbiome-based therapies that harness the tripartite relationship among the gut mycobiome, bacterial microbiome, and host immunity, aiming to restore a core gut mycobiome and microbiome and to improve clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Youn Yoo
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tao Zuo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory Animals Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
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47
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Could Improve Chronic Diarrhea in Cynomolgus Monkey by Alleviating Inflammation and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123016. [PMID: 36551772 PMCID: PMC9775123 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diarrhea is associated with enteric dysbiosis and provokes the overuse of antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapy, but it shows discrepant clinical efficacy. Bacterial colonization in recipients has been studied, although little is known about the role of gut fungi and Archaea after FMT. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of human-derived FMT on spontaneous chronic diarrhea cynomolgus monkeys and revealed the effector mechanisms. We demonstrated that FMT can mitigate the appearance of diarrheal symptoms and inhibit the increase in interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and interferon-γ and the decrease in interleukin-10 in serum. We confirmed that FMT restored the disturbance of gut bacteria by reducing the relative abundances of potential pathogens, including Cloacibacillus porcorum, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium 5_2_54FAA, and Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium 21_3, and increasing the levels of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus ruminis CAG_367 in diarrheal monkeys. The metabolic pathways of healthy and FMT monkeys' gut bacteria were enriched in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism, while the metabolic pathways of pre-FMT monkeys' gut bacteria were enriched in antibiotic production. Moreover, a higher Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio, higher Aspergillus levels, and lower Trichosporon asahii abundance were present in intestinal fungi after FMT. Although the abundance of the Archaea Methanosphaera stastmanae did not change significantly, it was inversely correlated with the anti-inflammatory factor IL-4 after FMT. These results support the further development and application of FMT for chronic diarrhea.
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Liang Y, Dong T, Li M, Zhang P, Wei X, Chen H, Wang Y, Gao X. Clinical diagnosis and etiology of patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1006117. [PMID: 36310873 PMCID: PMC9606567 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1006117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of severe Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) pneumonia and coinfections is increasing. Early detection of this condition is needed to prevent negative outcomes, along with detailed descriptions of its associated clinical characteristics. Our study contributes by undertaking etiological analysis of patients with C. psittaci pneumonia based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). A retrospective analysis of 30 patients with C. psittaci pneumonia was undertaken and confirmed by mNGS or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical manifestations of the severe and non-severe C. psittaci pneumonia groups were compared for clinical reference. Etiological analyses were also performed to comprehensively understand pathogeny and coinfection with other respiratory pathogens in C. psittaci patients. The absolute value of lymphocytes (LYM) in the severe group was lower than in the non-severe group. At the same time, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin (PCT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), D-II polymer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), myoglobin (MYO), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the severe group. mNGS has a broader pathogen spectrum and can more sensitively detect C. psittaci and other low-abundance pathogens with a higher positive detection rate (100%, 13/13 vs. 46%, 6/13, P <0.05) than conventional culture methods. mNGS detected the following dominant species associated with C. psittaci in patients: bacteria (53.2%, 39% gram-positive, 61% gram-negative), fungi (12.9%), and viruses (33.9%). A total of 73.3% (11/15) of patients had suspected coinfections, with a coinfection rate of 91.7% (11/12) in the severe group. No coinfection or death occurred in the non-severe group. Prognosis in the severe group was poor, with a mortality rate of 27.3% (3/11) for patients with coinfection. Eight of 11 patients with coinfections (72.7%) recovered. In conclusion, the clinical symptoms of severe C. psittaci pneumonia manifested as abnormal inflammatory indicators, impaired liver function, myocardial injury, coagulation, and relatively low immune responses. The higher proportion of patients with coinfections in our study supports the use of mNGS for comprehensive early detection of respiratory infections in patients with C. psittaci pneumonia. Simultaneous early identification of coinfections would further improve the clinical treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyan Dong
- Integrated Diagnostic Centre for Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center, Guangzhou, China
- The School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Peifang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Integrated Diagnostic Centre for Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsi Wang
- Integrated Diagnostic Centre for Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinglin Gao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinglin Gao,
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Yang Y, Cao S, Xu W, Zang C, Zhang F, Xie Y, Wu C. Dual modulation of gut bacteria and fungi manifests the gut-based anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Coptidis Rhizoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Liu NN, Zhao X, Tan JC, Liu S, Li BW, Xu WX, Peng L, Gu P, Li W, Shapiro R, Zheng X, Zhao W, Jiang YG, Chen D, Xu D, Wang H. Mycobiome Dysbiosis in Women with Intrauterine Adhesions. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0132422. [PMID: 35730962 PMCID: PMC9431258 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01324-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with the development of reproductive diseases. However, the contribution of mycobiome to intrauterine adhesion (IUA) disease remains unknown. Harnessing 16S and ITS2 rDNA sequencing analysis, we investigate both bacterial and fungal microbiota compositions across 174 samples taken from both cervical canal (CC) and middle vagina (MV) sites of IUA patients. Overall, there is no significant difference in microbial diversity between healthy subjects (HS) and IUA patients. However, we observe the IUA-specific bacterial alterations such as increased Dialister and decreased Bifidobacterium and enriched fungal genera like increased Filobasidium and Exophiala. Moreover, site-specific fungal-bacterial correlation networks are discovered in both CC and MV samples of IUA patients. Mechanistic investigation shows that Candida parapsilosis, other than Candida albicans and Candida maltosa, prevents the exacerbation of inflammatory activities and fibrosis, and modulates bacterial microbiota during IUA progression in a rat model of IUA. Our study thus highlights the importance of mycobiota in IUA progression, which may facilitate the development of therapeutic target for IUA prevention. IMPORTANCE Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) often leads to hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, repeat miscarriages, and infertility. It has been prevalent over the last few decades in up to 13% of women who experience pregnancy termination during the first trimester, and 30% of women undergo dilation and curettage after a late, spontaneous abortion. However, the pathogenesis of IUA remains unclear. Despite reports of microbiota dysbiosis during IUA progression, there is little information on the effect of fungal microbiota on the development of IUA. This study not only enhances our understanding of the mycobiome in IUA patients but also provides potential intervention strategies for prevention of IUA by targeting mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingping Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Cong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Xing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Peng
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Guangxiu Hospital Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Waixing Li
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rebecca Shapiro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Guo Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- The Third Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dabao Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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