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Campos SB, Oliveira Filho JGD, Santos DCD, Egea MB. Daily intake of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), a Cerrado native almond, promotes changes in the intestinal microbiota of individuals with obesity: A pilot study. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114370. [PMID: 38763648 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The Brazilian Cerrado biome is rich in plant biodiversity, with fruits that have unique sensory characteristics and high nutritional quality. Among the various fruits, baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) has attracted the attention of researchers because of its high lipid, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, and micronutrient (minerals and vitamins) contents. The present study evaluated the effects of regular consumption of baru almonds for over 60 days on the biochemical and anthropometric profiles and fecal microbiota of obese individuals. A pilot study was conducted on 15 individuals with obesity who were instructed to consume a 20-gram portion of baru almonds throughout the day. The body composition was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid profile, serum insulin and iron contents, and fecal microbiota composition were determined at baseline (day 0) and after 60 days. Baru almond consumption contributed to changes in biochemical parameters, improved HDL cholesterol levels, and reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels. Some positive changes in the microbiota composition after consuming baru almonds include a decrease in the Faecalibacterium family and an increase in the Provotella genus. Therefore, ingesting baru almonds can modulate gut microbiota of individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphani Borges Campos
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rural Area, 75901-970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane Costa Dos Santos
- Goiás Federal University (UFG), Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, IPTSP - UFG, Street 235, s/n - East University Sector, CEP 74605-450, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rural Area, 75901-970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
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2
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Qi J, Zhang P, Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Wang J, Zong M, Gong Y, Liu X, Wu X, Li B. Metal-doped carbon dots for biomedical applications: From design to implementation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32133. [PMID: 38868052 PMCID: PMC11168406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterials, show great potential for application in several fields due to their unique nano-size effect, easy surface functionalization, controllable photoluminescence, and excellent biocompatibility. Conventional preparation methods for CDs typically involve top-down and bottom-up approaches. Doping is a major step forward in CDs design methodology. Chemical doping includes both non-metal and metal doping, in which non-metal doping is an effective strategy for modulating the fluorescence properties of CDs and improving photocatalytic performance in several areas. In recent years, Metal-doped CDs have aroused the interest of academics as a promising nano-doping technique. This approach has led to improvements in the physicochemical and optical properties of CDs by altering their electron density distribution and bandgap capacity. Additionally, the issues of metal toxicity and utilization have been addressed to a large extent. In this review, we categorize metals into two major groups: transition group metals and rare-earth group metals, and an overview of recent advances in biomedical applications of these two categories, respectively. Meanwhile, the prospects and the challenges of metal-doped CDs for biomedical applications are reviewed and concluded. The aim of this paper is to break through the existing deficiencies of metal-doped CDs and fully exploit their potential. I believe that this review will broaden the insight into the synthesis and biomedical applications of metal-doped CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jue Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
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3
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Revanna BN, Kamat V, Swamynayaka A, Harish KK, Venkatesha K, Madegowda M, Poojary B, Majani SS, Kollur SP. Chalcone-based Turn-Off Chemosensor for Selective and Susceptible Detection of Fe 2+ Ions: Spectroscopic and DFT Investigations. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03646-4. [PMID: 38457072 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, in this report we are introducing newly synthesized chalcone derivative, "(E)-1-phenyl-3-(4-((5-(((Z)-thiophen-2-ylmethylene)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one" (5), as a chemosensor to detect Fe2+ metal ions in HEPES buffer solution of pH 7.5. Spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm the synthesized sensor. To determine the chemical reactivity and molecular stability of the probe, a frontier molecular orbitals investigation was carried out. A molecular electrostatic potential map was investigated to know the binding site of 5 for metal ion coordination. The theoretical absorption and fluorescence emission properties were estimated and correlated with the experimental observations. The sensor showed excellent selectivity for Fe2+ compared to all other studied metal ions. The fluorescence binding studies were carried out by adding different amounts of Fe2+ ions for a fixed concentration of probe 5. The inclusion of Fe2+ ions resulted in a decrease in fluorescence intensity with a bathochromic shift of emission wavelength of 5 due to the 5-Fe2+ complexation. The binding affinity value for the probe was found to be 576.2 M-1 with the help of the Stern-Volmer plot. The Job's plot and mass spectra supported the 2:1 (5: Fe2+) stoichiometry of complex formation. The detection limit and limit of quantification of 5 for Fe2+ were calculated to be 4.79 × 10-5 M and 14.54 × 10-5 M. Further, in addition to this, the photophysical parameters such as fluorescence lifetime of 5 and 5-Fe2+ complex measured to be 0.1439 and 0.1574 ns. The quantum yield of 5 and 5-Fe2+ was found to be 0.0398 and 0.0376. All these experimental findings revealed that probe 5 has excellent selectivity and sensitivity for Fe2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Nelligere Revanna
- Department of Physics, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru, 570002, Karnataka, India
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru , Manasagangotri, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinuta Kamat
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Ananda Swamynayaka
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru , Manasagangotri, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshav Kumar Harish
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru , Manasagangotri, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerthikumara Venkatesha
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru , Manasagangotri, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru , Manasagangotri, 570006, Karnataka, India.
| | - Boja Poojary
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay S Majani
- School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru, 570026, Karnataka, India
| | - Shiva Prasad Kollur
- School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru, 570026, Karnataka, India
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Xia P, Ji X, Yan L, Lian S, Chen Z, Luo Y. Roles of S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 in infection, inflammation and immunity. Immunology 2024; 171:365-376. [PMID: 38013255 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are small proteins that are only expressed in vertebrates. They are widely expressed in many different cell types and are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and tumorigenesis. As members of the S100 protein subfamily of myeloid-related proteins, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 play a crucial role in resisting microbial infection and maintaining immune homeostasis. These proteins chelate the necessary metal nutrients of pathogens invading the host by means of 'nutritional immunity' and directly inhibit the growth of pathogens in the host. They interact with receptors on the cell surface to initiate inflammatory signal transduction, induce cytokine expression and participate in the inflammatory response and immune regulation. Furthermore, the increased content of these proteins during the pathological process makes them useful as disease markers for screening and detecting related diseases. This article summarizes the structure and function of the proteins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 and lays the foundation for further understanding their roles in infection, immunity and inflammation, as well as their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingduo Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Lian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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5
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Bagchi S, Sharma AK, Ghosh A, Saha S, Basu J, Kundu M. RegX3-dependent transcriptional activation of kdpDE and repression of rv0500A are linked to potassium homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38414198 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Ionic homeostasis is essential for the survival and replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within its host. Low potassium ion concentrations trigger a transition of M. tuberculosis into dormancy. Our current knowledge of the transcriptional regulation mechanisms governing genes involved in potassium homeostasis remains limited. Potassium transport is regulated by the constitutive Trk system and the inducible Kdp system in M. tuberculosis. The two-component system KdpDE (also known as KdpD/KdpE) activates expression of the kdpFABC operon, encoding the four protein subunits of the Kdp potassium uptake system (KdpFABC). We show that, under potassium deficiency, expression of the two-component system senX3/regX3 is upregulated, and bacterial survival is compromised in a regX3-inactivated mutant, ΔregX3. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), promoter reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) show that RegX3 binds to the kdpDE promoter and activates it under potassium deficiency, whereas RegX3 (K204A), a DNA binding-deficient mutant, fails to bind to the promoter. Mutation of the RegX3 binding motifs on the kdpDE promoter abrogates RegX3 binding. In addition, EMSAs and ChIP assays show that RegX3 represses Rv0500A, a repressor of kdpFABC, by binding to consensus RegX3 binding motifs on the rv0500A promoter. Our findings provide important insight into two converging pathways regulated by RegX3; one in which it activates an activator of kdpFABC, and the other in which it represses a repressor of kdpFABC, during potassium insufficiency. This culminates in increased expression of the potassium uptake system encoded by kdpFABC, enabling bacterial survival. These results further expand the growing transcriptional network in which RegX3 serves as a central node to enable bacterial survival under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Bagchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Abhirupa Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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6
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Kaliniak S, Fiedoruk K, Spałek J, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Góźdź S, Bucki R, Okła S. Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1295-1323. [PMID: 38434581 PMCID: PMC10906676 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. CRS is a heterogeneous condition characterized by distinct inflammatory patterns (endotypes) and phenotypes associated with the presence (CRSwNP) or absence (CRSsNP) of nasal polyps. Mucosal barrier and mucociliary clearance dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and tissue remodeling are the hallmarks of CRS. However, the underlying factors, their priority, and the mechanisms of inflammatory responses remain unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed that link CRS etiology and pathogenesis with host (eg, "immune barrier") and exogenous factors (eg, bacterial/fungal pathogens, dysbiotic microbiota/biofilms, or staphylococcal superantigens). The abnormal interplay between these factors is likely central to the pathophysiology of CRS by triggering compensatory immune responses. Here, we discuss the role of the sinonasal microbiota in CRS and its biofilms in the context of mucosal zinc (Zn) deficiency, serving as a possible unifying link between five host and "bacterial" hypotheses of CRS that lead to sinus mucosa remodeling. To date, no clear correlation between sinonasal microbiota and CRS has been established. However, the predominance of Corynebacteria and Staphylococci and their interspecies relationships likely play a vital role in the formation of the CRS-associated microbiota. Zn-mediated "nutritional immunity", exerted via calprotectin, alongside the dysregulation of Zn-dependent cellular processes, could be a crucial microbiota-shaping factor in CRS. Similar to cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of SPLUNC1-mediated regulation of mucus volume and pH in CRS has been considered. We complement the biofilms' "mechanistic" and "mucin" hypotheses behind CRS pathogenesis with the "structural" one - associated with bacterial "corncob" structures. Finally, microbiota restoration approaches for CRS prevention and treatment are reviewed, including pre- and probiotics, as well as Nasal Microbiota Transplantation (NMT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Spałek
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
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Kamel M, Aleya S, Alsubih M, Aleya L. Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases. J Pers Med 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38392650 PMCID: PMC10890469 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have long posed a significant threat to global health and require constant innovation in treatment approaches. However, recent groundbreaking research has shed light on a previously overlooked player in the pathogenesis of disease-the human microbiome. This review article addresses the intricate relationship between the microbiome and infectious diseases and unravels its role as a crucial mediator of host-pathogen interactions. We explore the remarkable potential of harnessing this dynamic ecosystem to develop innovative treatment strategies that could revolutionize the management of infectious diseases. By exploring the latest advances and emerging trends, this review aims to provide a new perspective on combating infectious diseases by targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Sami Aleya
- Faculty of Medecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Hauts-du-Chazal, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249, La Bouloie, 25030 Besançon, France
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Momo Cabrera P, Rachmühl C, Derrien M, Bourdet-Sicard R, Lacroix C, Geirnaert A. Comparative prebiotic potential of galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides, native inulin, and acacia gum in Kenyan infant gut microbiota during iron supplementation. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae033. [PMID: 38774131 PMCID: PMC11107946 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Iron fortification to prevent anemia in African infants increases colonic iron levels, favoring the growth of enteropathogens. The use of prebiotics may be an effective strategy to reduce these detrimental effects. Using the African infant PolyFermS gut model, we compared the effect of the prebiotics short-chain galacto- with long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) and native inulin, and the emerging prebiotic acacia gum, a branched-polysaccharide-protein complex consisting of arabinose and galactose, during iron supplementation on four Kenyan infant gut microbiota. Iron supplementation did not alter the microbiota but promoted Clostridioides difficile in one microbiota. The prebiotic effect of scGOS/lcFOS and inulin was confirmed during iron supplementation in all investigated Kenyan infant gut microbiota, leading to higher abundance of bifidobacteria, increased production of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and a significant shift in microbiota composition compared to non-supplemented microbiota. The abundance of the pathogens Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens was also inhibited upon addition of the prebiotic fibers. Acacia gum had no effect on any of the microbiota. In conclusion, scGOS/lcFOS and inulin, but not acacia gum, showed a donor-independent strong prebiotic potential in Kenyan infant gut microbiota. This study demonstrates the relevance of comparing fibers in vitro prior to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Momo Cabrera
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carole Rachmühl
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Danone Global Research & Innovation Center, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Rega Institute KU, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Mitchell SB, Thorn TL, Lee MT, Kim Y, Comrie JMC, Bai ZS, Johnson EL, Aydemir TB. Metal transporter SLC39A14/ZIP14 modulates regulation between the gut microbiome and host metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G593-G607. [PMID: 37873588 PMCID: PMC10887856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal transporter SLC39A14/ZIP14 is localized on the basolateral side of the intestine, functioning to transport metals from blood to intestine epithelial cells. Deletion of Slc39a14/Zip14 causes spontaneous intestinal permeability with low-grade chronic inflammation, mild hyperinsulinemia, and greater body fat with insulin resistance in adipose. Importantly, antibiotic treatment reverses the adipocyte phenotype of Slc39a14/Zip14 knockout (KO), suggesting a potential gut microbial role in the metabolic alterations in the Slc39a14/Zip14 KO mice. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that increased intestinal permeability and subsequent metabolic alterations in the absence of Zip14 could be in part due to alterations in gut microbial composition. Dietary metals have been shown to be involved in the regulation of gut microbial diversity and composition. However, studies linking the action of intestinal metal transporters to gut microbial regulation are lacking. We showed the influence of deletion of metal transporter Slc39a14/Zip14 on gut microbiome composition and how ZIP14-linked changes to gut microbiome community composition are correlated with changes in host metabolism. Deletion of Slc39a14/Zip14 generated Zn-deficient epithelial cells and luminal content in the entire intestinal tract, a shift in gut microbial composition that partially overlapped with changes previously associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), increased the fungi/bacteria ratio in the gut microbiome, altered the host metabolome, and shifted host energy metabolism toward glucose utilization. Collectively, our data suggest a potential predisease microbial susceptibility state dependent on host gene Slc39a14/Zip14 that contributes to intestinal permeability, a common trait of IBD, and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metal dyshomeostasis, intestinal permeability, and gut dysbiosis are emerging signatures of chronic disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, type-2 diabetes, and obesity. Studies in reciprocal regulations between host intestinal metal transporters genes and gut microbiome are scarce. Our research revealed a potential predisease microbial susceptibility state dependent on the host metal transporter gene, Slc39a14/Zip14, that contributes to intestinal permeability providing new insight into understanding host metal transporter gene-microbiome interactions in developing chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Mitchell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Trista L Thorn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Min-Ting Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Yongeun Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Janine M C Comrie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Zi Shang Bai
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Tolunay B Aydemir
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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10
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Wang L, Wang H. The putative role of ferroptosis in gastric cancer: a review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:575-583. [PMID: 37318883 PMCID: PMC10538621 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique cell death modality triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, with cysteine metabolism and glutathione-dependent antioxidant defence responses as the primary triggering mechanisms. Ferroptosis is an independent tumour suppression mechanism and has been implicated in various disorders. In tumourigenesis, ferroptosis plays a dual role in promoting and inhibiting tumours. P53, NFE2L2, BAP1, HIF, and other tumour suppressor genes regulate ferroptosis, releasing damage-associated molecular patterns or lipid metabolites to influence cellular immune responses. Ferroptosis is also involved in tumour suppression and metabolism. The combination of amino acid, lipid, and iron metabolism is involved in the initiation and execution of ferroptosis, and metabolic regulatory mechanisms also play roles in malignancies. Most investigations into ferroptosis in gastric cancer are concentrated on predictive models, not the underlying processes. This review investigates the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis, tumour suppressor genes, and the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Ma Y, Fei Y, Ding S, Jiang H, Fang J, Liu G. Trace metal elements: a bridge between host and intestinal microorganisms. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1976-1993. [PMID: 37528296 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal elements, such as iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, are essential nutrients for biological processes. Although their intake demand is low, they play a crucial role in cell homeostasis as the cofactors of various enzymes. Symbiotic intestinal microorganisms compete with their host for the use of trace metal elements. Moreover, the metabolic processes of trace metal elements in the host and microorganisms affect the organism's health. Supplementation or the lack of trace metal elements in the host can change the intestinal microbial community structure and function. Functional changes in symbiotic microorganisms can affect the host's metabolism of trace metal elements. In this review, we discuss the absorption and transport processes of trace metal elements in the host and symbiotic microorganisms and the effects of dynamic changes in the levels of trace metal elements on the intestinal microbial community structure. We also highlight the participation of trace metal elements as enzyme cofactors in the host immune process. Our findings indicate that the host uses metal nutrition immunity or metal poisoning to resist pathogens and improve immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yanquan Fei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
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12
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Paredes A, Iheacho C, Smith AT. Metal Messengers: Communication in the Bacterial World through Transition-Metal-Sensing Two-Component Systems. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2339-2357. [PMID: 37539997 PMCID: PMC10530140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria survive in highly dynamic and complex environments due, in part, to the presence of systems that allow the rapid control of gene expression in the presence of changing environmental stimuli. The crosstalk between intra- and extracellular bacterial environments is often facilitated by two-component signal transduction systems that are typically composed of a transmembrane histidine kinase and a cytosolic response regulator. Sensor histidine kinases and response regulators work in tandem with their modular domains containing highly conserved structural features to control a diverse array of genes that respond to changing environments. Bacterial two-component systems are widespread and play crucial roles in many important processes, such as motility, virulence, chemotaxis, and even transition metal homeostasis. Transition metals are essential for normal prokaryotic physiological processes, and the presence of these metal ions may also influence pathogenic virulence if their levels are appropriately controlled. To do so, bacteria use transition-metal-sensing two-component systems that bind and respond to rapid fluctuations in extracytosolic concentrations of transition metals. This perspective summarizes the structural and metal-binding features of bacterial transition-metal-sensing two-component systems and places a special emphasis on understanding how these systems are used by pathogens to establish infection in host cells and how these systems may be targeted for future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Paredes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Chioma Iheacho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Aaron T Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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13
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Kiouri DP, Tsoupra E, Peana M, Perlepes SP, Stefanidou ME, Chasapis CT. Multifunctional role of zinc in human health: an update. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:809-827. [PMID: 37780941 PMCID: PMC10539547 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a multipurpose trace element for the human body, as it plays a crucial part in various physiological processes, such as cell growth and development, metabolism, cognitive, reproductive, and immune system function. Its significance in human health is widely acknowledged, and this has led the scientific community towards more research that aims to uncover all of its beneficial properties, especially when compared to other essential metal ions. One notable area where zinc has shown beneficial effects is in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. This review aims to explain the involvement of zinc in specific health conditions such as cancer, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, as well as its impact on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina P. Kiouri
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Tsoupra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria E. Stefanidou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
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14
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Huynh U, Nguyen HN, Trinh BK, Elhaj J, Zastrow ML. A bioinformatic analysis of zinc transporters in intestinal Lactobacillaceae. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad044. [PMID: 37463796 PMCID: PMC10391621 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
As the second most abundant transition element and a crucial cofactor for many proteins, zinc is essential for the survival of all living organisms. To maintain required zinc levels and prevent toxic overload, cells and organisms have a collection of metal transport proteins for uptake and efflux of zinc. In bacteria, metal transport proteins are well defined for model organisms and many pathogens, but fewer studies have explored metal transport proteins, including those for zinc, in commensal bacteria from the gut microbiota. The healthy human gut microbiota comprises hundreds of species and among these, bacteria from the Lactobacillaceae family are well documented to have various beneficial effects on health. Furthermore, changes in dietary metal intake, such as for zinc and iron, are frequently correlated with changes in abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Few studies have explored zinc requirements and zinc homeostasis mechanisms in Lactobacillaceae, however. Here we applied a bioinformatics approach to identify and compare predicted zinc uptake and efflux proteins in several Lactobacillaceae genera of intestinal relevance. Few Lactobacillaceae had zinc transporters currently annotated in proteomes retrieved from the UniProt database, but protein sequence-based homology searches revealed that high-affinity ABC transporter genes are likely common, albeit with genus-specific domain features. P-type ATPase transporters are probably also common and some Lactobacillaceae genera code for predicted zinc efflux cation diffusion facilitators. This analysis confirms that Lactobacillaceae harbor genes for various zinc transporter homologs, and provides a foundation for systematic experimental studies to elucidate zinc homeostasis mechanisms in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hazel N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Brittany K Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Joanna Elhaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Melissa L Zastrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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15
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Brown HA, DeVeaux AL, Juliano BR, Photenhauer AL, Boulinguiez M, Bornschein RE, Wawrzak Z, Ruotolo BT, Terrapon N, Koropatkin NM. BoGH13A Sus from Bacteroides ovatus represents a novel α-amylase used for Bacteroides starch breakdown in the human gut. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:232. [PMID: 37500984 PMCID: PMC10540511 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Bacteroidetes phylum in the human colon deploy an extensive number of proteins to capture and degrade polysaccharides. Operons devoted to glycan breakdown and uptake are termed polysaccharide utilization loci or PUL. The starch utilization system (Sus) is one such PUL and was initially described in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt). BtSus is highly conserved across many species, except for its extracellular α-amylase, SusG. In this work, we show that the Bacteroides ovatus (Bo) extracellular α-amylase, BoGH13ASus, is distinguished from SusG in its evolutionary origin and its domain architecture and by being the most prevalent form in Bacteroidetes Sus. BoGH13ASus is the founding member of both a novel subfamily in the glycoside hydrolase family 13, GH13_47, and a novel carbohydrate-binding module, CBM98. The BoGH13ASus CBM98-CBM48-GH13_47 architecture differs from the CBM58 embedded within the GH13_36 of SusG. These domains adopt a distinct spatial orientation and invoke a different association with the outer membrane. The BoCBM98 binding site is required for Bo growth on polysaccharides and optimal enzymatic degradation thereof. Finally, the BoGH13ASus structure features bound Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions, the latter of which is novel for an α-amylase. Little is known about the impact of Mn2+ on gut bacterial function, much less on polysaccharide consumption, but Mn2+ addition to Bt expressing BoGH13ASus specifically enhances growth on starch. Further understanding of bacterial starch degradation signatures will enable more tailored prebiotic and pharmaceutical approaches that increase starch flux to the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Anna L DeVeaux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brock R Juliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda L Photenhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthieu Boulinguiez
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, CNRS AMU; USC1408 INRAE, 13288, Marseille, France
| | | | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- Synchrotron Research Center, Life Science Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, CNRS AMU; USC1408 INRAE, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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16
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Liu H, Wei Z, Li J, Liu X, Zhu L, Wang Y, Wang T, Li C, Shen X. A Yersinia T6SS Effector YezP Engages the Hemin Uptake Receptor HmuR and ZnuABC for Zn 2+ Acquisition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0024023. [PMID: 37338394 PMCID: PMC10370319 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00240-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are essential nutrients for all life forms, and restriction of metal ion availability is an effective host defense against bacterial infection. Meanwhile, bacterial pathogens have developed equally effective means to secure their metal ion supply. The enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was found to uptake zinc using the T6SS4 effector YezP, which is essential for Zn2+ acquisition and bacterial survival under oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of this zinc uptake pathway has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified the hemin uptake receptor HmuR for YezP, which can mediate import of Zn2+ into the periplasm by the YezP-Zn2+ complex and demonstrated that YezP functions extracellularly. This study also confirmed that the ZnuCB transporter is the inner membrane transporter for Zn2+ from the periplasm to cytoplasm. Overall, our results reveal the complete T6SS/YezP/HmuR/ZnuABC pathway, wherein multiple systems are coupled to support zinc uptake by Y. pseudotuberculosis under oxidative stress. IMPORTANCE Identifying the transporters involved in import of metal ions under normal physiological growth conditions in bacterial pathogens will clarify its pathogenic mechanism. Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII, a common foodborne pathogen that infects animals and humans, uptake zinc via the T6SS4 effector YezP. However, the outer and inner transports involved in Zn2+ acquisition remain unknown. The important outcomes of this study are the identification of the hemin uptake receptor HmuR and inner membrane transporter ZnuCB that import Zn2+ into the cytoplasm via the YezP-Zn2+ complex, and elucidation of the complete Zn2+ acquisition pathway consisting of T6SS, HmuRSTUV, and ZnuABC, thereby providing a comprehensive view of T6SS-mediated ion transport and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Qingyang Longfeng Sponge City Construction Management & Operation Co., Ltd, Qingyang, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Borer ET, Kendig AE, Holt RD. Feeding the fever: Complex host-pathogen dynamics along continuous resource gradients. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10315. [PMID: 37502304 PMCID: PMC10368943 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food has long been known to perform dual functions of nutrition and medicine, but mounting evidence suggests that complex host-pathogen dynamics can emerge along continuous resource gradients. Empirical examples of nonmonotonic responses of infection with increasing host resources (e.g., low prevalence at low and high resource supply but high prevalence at intermediate resources) have been documented across the tree of life, but these dynamics, when observed, often are interpreted as nonintuitive, idiosyncratic features of pathogen and host biology. Here, by developing generalized versions of existing models of resource dependence for within- and among-host infection dynamics, we provide a synthetic view of nonmonotonic infection dynamics. We demonstrate that where resources jointly impact two (or more) processes (e.g., growth, defense, transmission, mortality, predation), nonmonotonic infection dynamics, including alternative states, can emerge across a continuous resource supply gradient. We review the few empirical examples that concurrently measured resource effects on multiple rates and pair this with a wide range of examples in which resource dependence of multiple rates could generate nonmonotonic infection outcomes under realistic conditions. This review and generalized framework highlight the likely generality of such resource effects in natural systems and point to opportunities ripe for future empirical and theoretical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Amy E. Kendig
- Agronomy DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Minnesota Department of Natural ResourcesMinnesota Biological SurveySaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Robert D. Holt
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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18
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Brunson DN, Colomer-Winter C, Lam LN, Lemos JA. Identification of Multiple Iron Uptake Mechanisms in Enterococcus faecalis and Their Relationship to Virulence. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0049622. [PMID: 36912636 PMCID: PMC10112239 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00496-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the unfavorable conditions bacteria encounter within the host is restricted access to essential trace metals such as iron. To overcome iron deficiency, bacteria deploy multiple strategies to scavenge iron from host tissues, with abundant examples of iron acquisition systems being implicated in bacterial pathogenesis. Yet the mechanisms utilized by the major nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis to maintain intracellular iron balance are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation to identify and characterize the iron acquisition mechanisms of E. faecalis and to determine their contribution to virulence. Bioinformatic analysis and literature surveys revealed that E. faecalis possesses three conserved iron uptake systems. Through transcriptomics, we discovered two novel ABC-type transporters that mediate iron uptake. While inactivation of a single transporter had minimal impact on the ability of E. faecalis to maintain iron homeostasis, inactivation of all five systems (Δ5Fe strain) disrupted intracellular iron homeostasis and considerably impaired cell growth under iron deficiency. Virulence of the Δ5Fe strain was generally impaired in different animal models but showed niche-specific variations in mouse models, leading us to suspect that heme can serve as an iron source to E. faecalis during mammalian infections. Indeed, heme supplementation restored growth of Δ5Fe under iron depletion and virulence in an invertebrate infection model. This study revealed that the collective contribution of five iron transporters promotes E. faecalis virulence and that the ability to acquire and utilize heme as an iron source is critical to the systemic dissemination of E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra N. Brunson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cristina Colomer-Winter
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ling Ning Lam
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - José A. Lemos
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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19
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Avraham R. Untangling Cellular Host-Pathogen Encounters at Infection Bottlenecks. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0043822. [PMID: 36939328 PMCID: PMC10112260 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00438-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens can invade the tissue and establish a protected intracellular niche at the site of invasion that can spread locally (e.g., microcolonies) or to systemic sites (e.g., granulomas). Invasion of the tissue and establishment of intracellular infection are rare events that are difficult to study in the in vivo setting but have critical clinical consequences, such as long-term carriage, reinfections, and emergence of antibiotic resistance. Here, I discuss Salmonella interactions with its host macrophage during early stages of infection and their critical role in determining infection outcome. The dynamics of host-pathogen interactions entail highly heterogenous host immunity, bacterial virulence, and metabolic cross talk, requiring in vivo analysis at single-cell resolution. I discuss models and single-cell approaches that provide a global understanding of the establishment of a protected intracellular niche within the tissue and the host-pathogen landscape at infection bottlenecks during early stages of infection. Studying cellular host-pathogen interactions in vivo can improve our knowledge of the trajectory of infection between the initial inoculation with a dose of pathogens and the appearance of symptoms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Avraham
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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20
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Chaaban T, Mohsen Y, Ezzeddine Z, Ghssein G. Overview of Yersinia pestis Metallophores: Yersiniabactin and Yersinopine. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040598. [PMID: 37106798 PMCID: PMC10136090 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic anaerobic bacteria Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), which is well known as the plague causative agent, has the ability to escape or inhibit innate immune system responses, which can result in host death even before the activation of adaptive responses. Bites from infected fleas in nature transmit Y. pestis between mammalian hosts causing bubonic plague. It was recognized that a host's ability to retain iron is essential in fighting invading pathogens. To proliferate during infection, Y. pestis, like most bacteria, has various iron transporters that enable it to acquire iron from its hosts. The siderophore-dependent iron transport system was found to be crucial for the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight metabolites with a high affinity for Fe3+. These compounds are produced in the surrounding environment to chelate iron. The siderophore secreted by Y. pestis is yersiniabactin (Ybt). Another metallophore produced by this bacterium, yersinopine, is of the opine type and shows similarities with both staphylopine and pseudopaline produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. This paper sheds light on the most important aspects of the two Y. pestis metallophores as well as aerobactin a siderophore no longer secreted by this bacterium due to frameshift mutation in its genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Chaaban
- Nursing Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon, Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Nursing Sciences Research Chair, Laboratory Educations and Health Practices (LEPS), (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Yehya Mohsen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq
| | - Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon
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21
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Guo F, Wang M, Huang M, Jiang Y, Gao Q, Zhu D, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Tian B, Ou X, Mao S, Sun D, Cheng A, Liu M. Manganese Efflux Achieved by MetA and MetB Affects Oxidative Stress Resistance and Iron Homeostasis in Riemerella anatipestifer. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0183522. [PMID: 36815770 PMCID: PMC10057955 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01835-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, manganese homeostasis is controlled by import, regulation, and efflux. Here, we identified 2 Mn exporters, MetA and MetB (manganese efflux transporters A and B), in Riemerella anatipestifer CH-1, encoding a putative cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein and putative resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump, respectively. Compared with the wild type (WT), ΔmetA, ΔmetB, and ΔmetAΔmetB exhibited sensitivity to manganese, since they accumulated more intracellular Mn2+ than the WT under excess manganese conditions, while the amount of iron in the mutants was decreased. Moreover, ΔmetA, ΔmetB, and ΔmetAΔmetB were more sensitive to the oxidant NaOCl than the WT. Further study showed that supplementation with iron sources could alleviate manganese toxicity and that excess manganese inhibited bacterial cell division. RNA-Seq showed that manganese stress resulted in the perturbation of iron metabolism genes, further demonstrating that manganese efflux is critical for iron homeostasis. metA transcription was upregulated under excess manganese but was not activated by MetR, a DtxR family protein, although MetR was also involved in manganese detoxification, while metB transcription was downregulated under iron depletion conditions and in fur mutants. Finally, homologues of MetA and MetB were found to be mainly distributed in members of Flavobacteriaceae. Specifically, MetB represents a novel manganese exporter in Gram-negative bacteria. IMPORTANCE Manganese is required for the function of many proteins in bacteria, but in excess, manganese can mediate toxicity. Therefore, the intracellular levels of manganese must be tightly controlled. Manganese efflux transporters have been characterized in some other bacteria; however, their homologues could not be found in the genome of Riemerella anatipestifer through sequence comparison. This indicated that other types of manganese efflux transporters likely exist. In this study, we characterized 2 transporters, MetA and MetB, that mediate manganese efflux in R. anatipestifer in response to manganese overload. MetA encodes a putative cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein, which has been characterized as a manganese transporter in other bacteria, while this is the first observation of a putative resistance-nodulation-division (RND) transporter contributing to manganese export in Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the mechanism of manganese toxicity was studied by observing morphological changes and by transcriptome sequencing. Taken together, these results are important for expanding our understanding of manganese transporters and revealing the mechanism of manganese toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Jiang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Cheng J, Kolba N, Tako E. The effect of dietary zinc and zinc physiological status on the composition of the gut microbiome in vivo. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36688291 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2169857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc serves critical catalytic, regulatory, and structural roles. Hosts and their resident gut microbiota both require zinc, leading to competition, where a balance must be maintained. This systematic review examined evidence on dietary zinc and physiological status (zinc deficiency or high zinc/zinc overload) effects on gut microbiota. This review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021250566). PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for in vivo (animal) studies, resulting in eight selected studies. Study quality limitations were evaluated using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool and according to ARRIVE guidelines. The results demonstrated that zinc deficiency led to inconsistent changes in α-diversity and short-chain fatty acid production but led to alterations in bacterial taxa with functions in carbohydrate metabolism, glycan metabolism, and intestinal mucin degradation. High dietary zinc/zinc overload generally resulted in either unchanged or decreased α-diversity, decreased short-chain fatty acid production, and increased bacterial metal resistance and antibiotic resistance genes. Additional studies in human and animal models are needed to further understand zinc physiological status effects on the intestinal microbiome and clarify the applicability of utilizing the gut microbiome as a potential zinc status biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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23
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Celis AI, Relman DA, Huang KC. The impact of iron and heme availability on the healthy human gut microbiome in vivo and in vitro. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:110-126.e3. [PMID: 36603582 PMCID: PMC9913275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Responses of the indigenous human gut commensal microbiota to iron are poorly understood because of an emphasis on in vitro studies of pathogen iron sensitivity. In a study of iron supplementation in healthy humans, we identified gradual microbiota shifts in some participants correlated with bacterial iron internalization. To identify direct effects due to taxon-specific iron sensitivity, we used participant stool samples to derive diverse in vitro communities. Iron supplementation of these communities caused small compositional shifts, mimicking those in vivo, whereas iron deprivation dramatically inhibited growth with irreversible, cumulative reduction in diversity and replacement of dominant species. Sensitivity of individual species to iron deprivation in axenic culture generally predicted iron dependency in a community. Finally, exogenous heme acted as a source of inorganic iron to prevent depletion of some species. Our results highlight the complementarity of in vivo and in vitro studies in understanding how environmental factors affect gut microbiotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna I Celis
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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24
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Fujitani T, Lyu Z, Sassa MH, Harada KH. Association between urinary zinc excretion and isoflavone-metabolizing enterotypes among Japanese females: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:63. [PMID: 37899210 PMCID: PMC10613555 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc absorption and competition among gut bacteria have been reported in animal studies. Thus, gut bacteria may modify zinc availability in humans. Metabolism of intestinal bacteria is known to be necessary for the activation of several phytoconstituents in the body. For example, equol, a typical substance of soybean isoflavone, is produced by intestinal bacteria metabolizing daidzein and the enterotype is one of distinct ones among Japanese population. The difference in the intestinal microflora can modify the bioavailability of zinc. In this study, we examined urinary zinc concentrations in adult female equol producers (EQPs). METHODS Urine samples from women participating in health examinations in Miyagi, Okinawa, Kyoto, Kochi, and Hokkaido prefectures were used; from total 17,484 samples, approximately 25 samples were randomly selected for each age group from 30 to 60 years per region (subsample: n = 520), and 520 samples with available urinary zinc concentration (determined by flame atomic absorption analysis) and enterobacterial type were analyzed. EQP was defined as log(equol/daidzein) ≥ -1.42, and urinary concentrations were corrected for creatinine concentration. Urinary zinc concentrations were compared by Student's t-test and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS The geometric mean urinary zinc concentration (µg/g-Cr) was lower in EQP than in non-EQP (p = 0.0136 by t-test after logarithm transformation). On the other hand, there was no correlation between urinary zinc concentration with daidzein (r = -0.0495, P = 0.436) and equol concentrations (r = -0.0721, P = 0.256). There was a significant negative association between urinary zinc concentration and EQP (β = -0.392, P = 0.0311) after adjusting with other potential confounding variables, such as daidzein intake. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that gut bacteria that produce equol are involved in the metabolism of zinc. Based on previous studies, the bacteria that affect the metabolism of both substances are thought to be Enterococcus. Future studies are expected to identify specific intestinal bacteria for zinc availability and understand individual differences in the effects of micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujitani
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zhaoqing Lyu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji H. Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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25
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Huynh U, Zastrow ML. Metallobiology of Lactobacillaceae in the gut microbiome. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112023. [PMID: 36270041 PMCID: PMC9888405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillaceae are a diverse family of lactic acid bacteria found in the gut microbiota of humans and many animals. These bacteria exhibit beneficial effects on intestinal health, including modulating the immune system and providing protection against pathogens, and many species are frequently used as probiotics. Gut bacteria acquire essential metal ions, like iron, zinc, and manganese, through the host diet and changes to the levels of these metals are often linked to alterations in microbial community composition, susceptibility to infection, and gastrointestinal diseases. Lactobacillaceae are frequently among the organisms increased or decreased in abundance due to changes in metal availability, yet many of the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes have yet to be defined. Metal requirements and metallotransporters have been studied in some species of Lactobacillaceae, but few of the mechanisms used by these bacteria to respond to metal limitation or excess have been investigated. This review provides a current overview of these mechanisms and covers how iron, zinc, and manganese impact Lactobacillaceae in the gut microbiota with an emphasis on their biochemical roles, requirements, and homeostatic mechanisms in several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Steingard CH, Pinochet-Barros A, Wendel BM, Helmann JD. Iron homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis relies on three differentially expressed efflux systems. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001289. [PMID: 36748638 PMCID: PMC9993123 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In Bacillus subtilis, iron homeostasis is maintained by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and manganese homeostasis relies on the manganese transport regulator (MntR). Both Fur and MntR function as bi-functional metalloregulators that repress import and activate metal ion efflux systems. The ferrous iron efflux ATPase, PfeT, is derepressed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as sensed by PerR and induced by iron as sensed by Fur. Mutants lacking PfeT are sensitive to iron intoxication. Here, we show that mntR mutants are also iron-sensitive, largely due to decreased expression of the MntR-activated MneP and MneS cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins previously defined for their role in Mn2+ export. The ability of MneP and MneS to export iron is apparent even when their expression is not induced by Mn2+. Our results demonstrate that PfeT, MneP and MneS each contribute to iron homeostasis, and a triple mutant lacking all three is more iron-sensitive than any single mutant. We further show that sensitivity to H2O2 does not correlate with iron sensitivity. For example, an mntR mutant is H2O2-sensitive due to elevated Mn(II) that increases PerR-mediated repression of peroxide resistance genes, and this repression is antagonized by elevated Fe2+ in an mntR pfeT mutant. Thus, H2O2-sensitivity reflects the relative levels of Mn2+ and Fe2+ as sensed by the PerR regulatory protein. These results underscore the complex interplay between manganese, iron and oxidative stress in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Steingard
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-8101, USA
| | - Azul Pinochet-Barros
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-8101, USA
| | - Brian M Wendel
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-8101, USA
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-8101, USA
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27
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Cai J, Su W, Chen X, Zheng H. Advances in the study of selenium and human intestinal bacteria. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1059358. [PMID: 36590222 PMCID: PMC9794586 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1059358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and has conveyed great a wide range of interests due to its contribution to health. Presently, the regulatory mechanisms of selenium on human health, especially the regulatory mechanisms of selenium on human intestinal (gut) microflora and its effects on diseases are receiving attention from academic circles. This review involves the effects of selenium on physical health, the relationship between selenium and intestinal microflora, and the progress of research between selenium, intestinal microflora, and diseases. Furthermore, the current status of research on the selenium, intestinal microflora, and diseases is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Cai
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Interventional Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Weizhu Su
- Dental Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Heng Zheng
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28
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Islam S, Callender AC, Ho QN, Wakeman CA. Iron restriction induces the small-colony variant phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978859. [PMID: 36569073 PMCID: PMC9772265 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus must overcome host-induced selective pressures, including limited iron availability. To cope with the harsh conditions of the host environment, S. aureus can adapt its physiology in multiple ways. One of these adaptations is the fermenting small-colony variant (SCV) phenotype, which is known to be inherently tolerant to certain classes of antibiotics and heme toxicity. We hypothesized that SCVs might also behave uniquely in response to iron starvation since one of the major cellular uses of iron is the respiration machinery. In this study, a respiring strain of S. aureus and fermenting SCV strains were treated with different concentrations of the iron chelator, 2,2' dipyridyl (DIP). Our data demonstrate that a major impact of iron starvation in S. aureus is the repression of respiration and the induction of the SCV phenotype. We demonstrate that the SCV phenotype transiently induced by iron starvation mimics the aminoglycoside recalcitrance exhibited by genetic SCVs. Furthermore, prolonged growth in iron starvation promotes increased emergence of stable aminoglycoside-resistant SCVs relative to the naturally occurring subpopulation of SCVs within an S. aureus community. These findings may have relevance to physiological and evolutionary processes occurring within bacterial populations infecting iron-limited host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine A. Wakeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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29
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Ducret V, Gonzalez D, Perron K. Zinc homeostasis in Pseudomonas. Biometals 2022:10.1007/s10534-022-00475-5. [PMID: 36472780 PMCID: PMC10393844 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the genus Pseudomonas, zinc homeostasis is mediated by a complete set of import and export systems, whose expression is precisely controlled by three transcriptional regulators: Zur, CzcR and CadR. In this review, we describe in detail our current knowledge of these systems, their regulation, and the biological significance of zinc homeostasis, taking Pseudomonas aeruginosa as our paradigm. Moreover, significant parts of this overview are dedicated to highlight interactions and cross-regulations between zinc and copper import/export systems, and to shed light, through a review of the literature and comparative genomics, on differences in gene complement and function across the whole Pseudomonas genus. The impact and importance of zinc homeostasis in Pseudomonas and beyond will be discussed throughout this review.
Graphical abstract
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30
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Shaw C, Hess M, Weimer BC. Two-component systems regulate bacterial virulence in response to the host gastrointestinal environment and metabolic cues. Virulence 2022; 13:1666-1680. [PMID: 36128741 PMCID: PMC9518994 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems are ubiquitous signaling mechanisms in bacteria that enable intracellular changes from extracellular cues. These bacterial regulatory systems couple external stimuli to control genetic expression via an autophosphorylation cascade that transduces membrane signals to intracellular locations, thereby allowing bacteria to rapidly adapt to the changing environmental conditions. Well known to control basic cellular processes, it is evident that two-component systems also exercise control over virulence traits, such as motility, secretion systems, and stress responses that impact the complex cascade of networks that alter virulence traits. In the gastrointestinal system, cues for activation of virulence-related two-component systems include metal ions, host-derived metabolites, and gut conditions. The diversity and origin of these cues suggest that the host can exert control over enteric pathogenicity via regulation in the gastrointestinal system. With the rise in multi-drug resistant pathogens, the potential control of pathogenicity with host cues via two-component systems presents a potential alternative to antimicrobials. Though the signaling mechanism itself is well studied, to date there is no systematic review compiling the host-associated cues of two-component systems and virulence traits. This review highlights the direct link between the host gastrointestinal environment and pathogenicity by focusing on two-component systems that are associated with the genetic expression of virulence traits, and that are activated by host-derived cues. The direct link between the host gastrointestinal environment, metabolites, and pathogenicity established in this review both underscores the importance of host-derived cues on bacterial activity and presents an enticing therapeutic target in the fight against antimicrobial resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shaw
- Department of Animal Science, Systems Microbiology & Natural Products Laboratory, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Matthias Hess
- Department of Animal Science, Systems Microbiology & Natural Products Laboratory, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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31
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Islam T, Albracht-Schulte K, Ramalingam L, Schlabritz-Lutsevich N, Park OH, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of polyphenols in adipose tissue: role of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier integrity and zinc homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 115:109242. [PMID: 36442715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an imbalance of micro-and macro-nutrients, gut dysbiosis, and a "leaky" gut phenomenon. Polyphenols, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and anthocyanins may alleviate the systemic effects of obesity, potentially by improving gut microbiota, intestinal barrier integrity (IBI), and zinc homeostasis. The essential micronutrient zinc plays a crucial role in the regulation of enzymatic processes, including inflammation, maintenance of the microbial ecology, and intestinal barrier integrity. In this review, we focus on IBI- which prevents intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leakage - as a critical player in polyphenol-mediated protective effects against obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. This occurs through mechanisms that block the movement of the bacterial endotoxin LPS across the gut barrier. Available research suggests that polyphenols reduce WAT and systemic inflammation via crosstalk with inflammatory NF-κB, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and zinc homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariful Islam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Natalia Schlabritz-Lutsevich
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Advanced Fertility Center, Odessa, Texas, USA
| | - Oak-Hee Park
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Masoud Zabet-Moghaddam
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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Cho W, York AG, Wang R, Wyche TP, Piizzi G, Flavell RA, Crawford JM. N-Acyl Amides from Neisseria meningitidis and Their Role in Sphingosine Receptor Signaling. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200490. [PMID: 36112057 PMCID: PMC9762135 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for causing human diseases with high mortality, such as septicemia and meningitis. The molecular mechanisms N. meningitidis employ to manipulate the immune system, translocate the mucosal and blood-brain barriers, and exert virulence are largely unknown. Human-associated bacteria encode a variety of bioactive small molecules with growing evidence for N-acyl amides as being important signaling molecules. However, only a small fraction of these metabolites has been identified from the human microbiota thus far. Here, we heterologously expressed an N-acyltransferase encoded in the obligate human pathogen N. meningitidis and identified 30 N-acyl amides with representative members serving as agonists of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) S1PR4. During this process, we also characterized two mammalian N-acyl amides derived from the bovine medium. Both groups of metabolites suppress anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 signaling in human macrophage cell types, but they also suppress the pro-inflammatory interleukin-17A+ population in TH 17-differentiated CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Autumn G. York
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rurun Wang
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas P. Wyche
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grazia Piizzi
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- correspondence,
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Mayneris-Perxachs J, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The role of iron in host-microbiota crosstalk and its effects on systemic glucose metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:683-698. [PMID: 35986176 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron is critical for the appearance and maintenance of life on Earth. Almost all organisms compete or cooperate for iron acquisition, demonstrating the importance of this essential element for the biological and physiological processes that are key for the preservation of metabolic homeostasis. In humans and other mammals, the bidirectional interactions between the bacterial component of the gut microbiota and the host for iron acquisition shape both host and microbiota metabolism. Bacterial functions influence host iron absorption, whereas the intake of iron, iron deficiency and iron excess in the host affect bacterial biodiversity, taxonomy and function, resulting in changes in bacterial virulence. These consequences of the host-microbial crosstalk affect systemic levels of iron, its storage in different tissues and host glucose metabolism. At the interface between the host and the microbiota, alterations in the host innate immune system and in circulating soluble factors that regulate iron (that is, hepcidin, lipocalin 2 and lactoferrin) are associated with metabolic disease. In fact, patients with obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance exhibit dysregulation in iron homeostasis and alterations in their gut microbiota profile. From an evolutionary point of view, the pursuit of two important nutrients - glucose and iron - has probably driven human evolution towards the most efficient pathways and genes for human survival and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
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Murdoch CC, Skaar EP. Nutritional immunity: the battle for nutrient metals at the host-pathogen interface. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:657-670. [PMID: 35641670 PMCID: PMC9153222 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trace metals are essential micronutrients required for survival across all kingdoms of life. From bacteria to animals, metals have critical roles as both structural and catalytic cofactors for an estimated third of the proteome, representing a major contributor to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The reactivity of metal ions engenders them with the ability to promote enzyme catalysis and stabilize reaction intermediates. However, these properties render metals toxic at high concentrations and, therefore, metal levels must be tightly regulated. Having evolved in close association with bacteria, vertebrate hosts have developed numerous strategies of metal limitation and intoxication that prevent bacterial proliferation, a process termed nutritional immunity. In turn, bacterial pathogens have evolved adaptive mechanisms to survive in conditions of metal depletion or excess. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms by which nutrient metals shape the interactions between bacterial pathogens and animal hosts. We explore the cell-specific and tissue-specific roles of distinct trace metals in shaping bacterial infections, as well as implications for future research and new therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Murdoch
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Reznik N, Gallo AD, Rush KW, Javitt G, Fridmann-Sirkis Y, Ilani T, Nairner NA, Fishilevich S, Gokhman D, Chacón KN, Franz KJ, Fass D. Intestinal mucin is a chaperone of multivalent copper. Cell 2022; 185:4206-4215.e11. [PMID: 36206754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucus protects the epithelial cells of the digestive and respiratory tracts from pathogens and other hazards. Progress in determining the molecular mechanisms of mucus barrier function has been limited by the lack of high-resolution structural information on mucins, the giant, secreted, gel-forming glycoproteins that are the major constituents of mucus. Here, we report how mucin structures we determined enabled the discovery of an unanticipated protective role of mucus: managing the toxic transition metal copper. Using two juxtaposed copper binding sites, one for Cu2+ and the other for Cu1+, the intestinal mucin, MUC2, prevents copper toxicity by blocking futile redox cycling and the squandering of dietary antioxidants, while nevertheless permitting uptake of this important trace metal into cells. These findings emphasize the value of molecular structure in advancing mucosal biology, while introducing mucins, produced in massive quantities to guard extensive mucosal surfaces, as extracellular copper chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Reznik
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Annastassia D Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Katherine W Rush
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Gabriel Javitt
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Fridmann-Sirkis
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tal Ilani
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa A Nairner
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Simon Fishilevich
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Gokhman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Kelly N Chacón
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Wang X, Liu Y, Xue C, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Cai K, Li M, Luo Z. A protein-based cGAS-STING nanoagonist enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5685. [PMID: 36167857 PMCID: PMC9515186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
cGAS-STING pathway is a key DNA-sensing machinery and emerges as a promising target to overcome the immunoresistance of solid tumors. Here we describe a bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ferritin-based nanoagonist incorporating manganese (II) ions and β-lapachone, which cooperatively activates cGAS-STING signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) to elicit robust adaptive antitumor immunity. Mn2+-anchored mannose-modified BSAs and β-lapachone-loaded ferritins are crosslinked to afford bioresponsive protein nanoassemblies, which dissociate into monodispersive protein units in acidic perivascular tumor microenvironment (TME), thus enabling enhanced tumor penetration and spatiotemporally controlled Mn2+ and β-lapachone delivery to DCs and tumor cells, respectively. β-lapachone causes immunogenic tumor cell apoptosis and releases abundant dsDNA into TME, while Mn2+ enhances the sensitivity of cGAS to dsDNA and augments STING signaling to trigger downstream immunostimulatory signals. The cGAS-STING nanoagonist enhances the tumor-specific T cell-mediated immune response against poorly immunogenic solid tumors in vivo, offering a robust approach for immunotherapy in the clinics. Manganese has a crucial role in cGAS-STING-mediated DNA sensing and has emerged as a STING agonist. Here the authors report the design and characterization of a nanosystem incorporating manganese ions and the chemotherapeutic drug β-lapachone, inducing T-cell mediated anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Chencheng Xue
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China.
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Martin JE, Waters LS. Regulation of Bacterial Manganese Homeostasis and Usage During Stress Responses and Pathogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:945724. [PMID: 35911964 PMCID: PMC9334652 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.945724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) plays a multifaceted role in the survival of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria in eukaryotic hosts, and it is also important for free-living bacteria to grow in stressful environments. Previous research has uncovered components of the bacterial Mn homeostasis systems that control intracellular Mn levels, many of which are important for virulence. Multiple studies have also identified proteins that use Mn once it is inside the cell, including Mn-specific enzymes and enzymes transiently loaded with Mn for protection during oxidative stress. Emerging evidence continues to reveal proteins involved in maintaining Mn homeostasis, as well as enzymes that can bind Mn. For some of these enzymes, Mn serves as an essential cofactor. For other enzymes, mismetallation with Mn can lead to inactivation or poor activity. Some enzymes may even potentially be regulated by differential metallation with Mn or zinc (Zn). This review focuses on new developments in regulatory mechanisms that affect Mn homeostasis and usage, additional players in Mn import that increase bacterial survival during pathogenesis, and the interplay between Mn and other metals during Mn-responsive physiological processes. Lastly, we highlight lessons learned from fundamental research that are now being applied to bacterial interactions within larger microbial communities or eukaryotic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
| | - Lauren S. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, United States
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38
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Arias-Rojas A, Iatsenko I. The Role of Microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:909509. [PMID: 35821860 PMCID: PMC9261426 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.909509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbial communities participate in essential aspects of host biology, including nutrient acquisition, development, immunity, and metabolism. During host aging, dramatic shifts occur in the composition, abundance, and function of the gut microbiota. Although such changes in the microbiota are conserved across species, most studies remain descriptive and at most suggest a correlation between age-related pathology and particular microbes. Therefore, the causal role of the microbiota in host aging has remained a challenging question, in part due to the complexity of the mammalian intestinal microbiota, most of which is not cultivable or genetically amenable. Here, we summarize recent studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that have substantially progressed our understanding at the mechanistic level of how gut microbes can modulate host aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Iatsenko
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Alteration in Gut Microbiota Associated with Zinc Deficiency in School-Age Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142895. [PMID: 35889856 PMCID: PMC9319427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency could lead to a dynamic variation in gut microbial composition and function in animals. However, how zinc deficiency affects the gut microbiome in school-age children remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to profile the dynamic shifts in the gut microbiome of school-age children with zinc deficiency, and to determine whether such shifts are associated with dietary intake. A dietary survey, anthropometric measurements, and serum tests were performed on 177 school-age children, and 67 children were selected to explore the gut microbial community using amplicon sequencing. School-age children suffered from poor dietary diversity and insufficient food and nutrient intake, and 32% of them were zinc deficient. The inflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the zinc deficiency (ZD) group compared to that in the control (CK) group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in beta diversity, while the Shannon index was much higher in the ZD group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Coprobacter, Acetivibrio, Paraprevotella, and Clostridium_XI were more abundant in the ZD group (p < 0.05). A functional predictive analysis showed that the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was significantly depleted in the ZD group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, gut microbial diversity was affected by zinc deficiency with some specific bacteria highlighted in the ZD group, which may be used as biomarkers for further clinical diagnosis of zinc deficiency.
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40
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Aggarwal S, Kumaraswami M. Managing Manganese: The Role of Manganese Homeostasis in Streptococcal Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:921920. [PMID: 35800897 PMCID: PMC9253540 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.921920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic streptococci require manganese for survival in the host. In response to invading pathogens, the host recruits nutritional immune effectors at infection sites to withhold manganese from the pathogens and control bacterial growth. The manganese scarcity impairs several streptococcal processes including oxidative stress defenses, de novo DNA synthesis, bacterial survival, and virulence. Emerging evidence suggests that pathogens also encounter manganese toxicity during infection and manganese excess impacts streptococcal virulence by manganese mismetallation of non-cognate molecular targets involved in bacterial antioxidant defenses and cell division. To counter host-imposed manganese stress, the streptococcal species employ a sophisticated sensory system that tightly coordinates manganese stress-specific molecular strategies to negate host induced manganese stress and proliferate in the host. Here we review the molecular details of host-streptococcal interactions in the battle for manganese during infection and the significance of streptococcal effectors involved to bacterial pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Aggarwal
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muthiah Kumaraswami
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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41
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Loureiro AV, Barbosa MLL, Morais MLGS, Souza IP, Terceiro LS, Martins CS, Sousa APR, Leitão RFC, Shin JH, Warren CA, Costa DVS, Brito GAC. Host and Clostridioides difficile-Response Modulated by Micronutrients and Glutamine: An Overview. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849301. [PMID: 35795588 PMCID: PMC9251358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intestinal microbiota are integral to development of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile)—associated nosocomial diarrhea. Certain diets, especially Western diets, increase susceptibility to C. difficile infection (CDI). Here, we discuss recent findings regarding how nutrients modulate response of the host and C. difficile during infection. Calcium has a role in the sporulation and germination process. Selenium is effective in reducing the total amount of C. difficile toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) and in decreasing its cytotoxicity. In addition, selenium phosphate synthetase deficiency reduces C. difficile growth and spore production. On the other hand, iron has a dual role in C. difficile growth. For instance, high intracellular levels can generate reactive hydroxyl radicals, whereas low levels can reduce its growth. In humans, zinc deficiency appears to be related to the recurrence of CDI, in contrast, in the CDI model in mice a diet rich in zinc increased the toxin's activity. Low vitamin D levels contribute to C. difficile colonization, toxin production, and inflammation. Furthermore, glutamine appears to protect intestinal epithelial cells from the deleterious effects of TcdA and TcdB. In conclusion, nutrients play an important role in modulating host and pathogen response. However, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and address some controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa V. Loureiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria L. L. Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria L. G. S. Morais
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ismael P. Souza
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Letícia S. Terceiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Conceição S. Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Arkila P. R. Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Renata F. C. Leitão
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jae H. Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, VA, United States
| | - Cirle A. Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, VA, United States
| | - Deiziane V. S. Costa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, VA, United States
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gerly A. C. Brito
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Sterling JK, Baumann B, Foshe S, Voigt A, Guttha S, Alnemri A, McCright SJ, Li M, Zauhar RJ, Montezuma SR, Kapphahn RJ, Chavali VRM, Hill DA, Ferrington DA, Stambolian D, Mullins RF, Merrick D, Dunaief JL. Inflammatory adipose activates a nutritional immunity pathway leading to retinal dysfunction. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110942. [PMID: 35705048 PMCID: PMC9248858 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness among Americans over 50, is characterized by dysfunction and death of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The RPE accumulates iron in AMD, and iron overload triggers RPE cell death in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of RPE iron accumulation in AMD is unknown. We show that high-fat-diet-induced obesity, a risk factor for AMD, drives systemic and local inflammatory circuits upregulating interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β upregulates RPE iron importers and downregulates iron exporters, causing iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and dysfunction. We term this maladaptive, chronic activation of a nutritional immunity pathway the cellular iron sequestration response (CISR). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of choroid and retina from human donors revealed that hallmarks of this pathway are present in AMD microglia and macrophages. Together, these data suggest that inflamed adipose tissue, through the CISR, can lead to RPE pathology in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Sterling
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bailey Baumann
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sierra Foshe
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Voigt
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samyuktha Guttha
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahab Alnemri
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam J McCright
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Randy J Zauhar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra R Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rebecca J Kapphahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Venkata R M Chavali
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Cao L, Li N, Dong Y, Yang XY, Liu J, He QY, Ge R, Sun X. SPD_0090 Negatively Contributes to Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:896896. [PMID: 35770170 PMCID: PMC9234739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.896896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In most bacteria, iron plays an important role in the survival of bacteria and the process of infection to the host. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) evolved three iron transporters (i.e., PiaABC, PiuABC, and PitABC) responsible for the transportation of three kinds of iron (i.e., ferrichrome, hemin, and ferric ion). Our previous study showed that both mRNA and protein levels of SPD_0090 were significantly upregulated in the ΔpiuA/ΔpiaA/ΔpitA triple mutant, but its detailed biological function is unknown. In this study, we constructed spd_0090 knockout and complement strain and found that the deletion of spd_0090 hinders bacterial growth. SPD_0090 is located on the cell membrane and affects the hemin utilization ability of S. pneumoniae. The cell infection model showed that the knockout strain had stronger invasion and adhesion ability. Notably, knockout of the spd_0090 gene resulted in an enhanced infection ability of S. pneumoniae in mice by increasing the expression of virulence factors. Furthermore, iTRAQ quantitative proteomics studies showed that the knockout of spd_0090 inhibited carbon metabolism and thus suppressed bacterial growth. Our study showed that SPD_0090 negatively regulates the virulence of S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingshan Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing-Yu He,
| | - Ruiguang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ruiguang Ge,
| | - Xuesong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Xuesong Sun,
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Fussell JC, Franklin M, Green DC, Gustafsson M, Harrison RM, Hicks W, Kelly FJ, Kishta F, Miller MR, Mudway IS, Oroumiyeh F, Selley L, Wang M, Zhu Y. A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6813-6835. [PMID: 35612468 PMCID: PMC9178796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of regulatory standards has reduced exhaust emissions of particulate matter from road traffic substantially in the developed world. However, nonexhaust particle emissions arising from the wear of brakes, tires, and the road surface, together with the resuspension of road dust, are unregulated and exceed exhaust emissions in many jurisdictions. While knowledge of the sources of nonexhaust particles is fairly good, source-specific measurements of airborne concentrations are few, and studies of the toxicology and epidemiology do not give a clear picture of the health risk posed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge, with a strong focus on health-related research, highlighting areas where further research is an essential prerequisite for developing focused policy responses to nonexhaust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Fussell
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department
of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z5, Canada
| | - David C. Green
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- Swedish
National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Environmental Sciences / Centre of Excellence in Environmental
Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - William Hicks
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Frank J. Kelly
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Miller
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Ian S. Mudway
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Farzan Oroumiyeh
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School
of Public Health, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Liza Selley
- MRC
Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge,CB2 1QR, U.K.
| | - Meng Wang
- University
at Buffalo, School of Public
Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School
of Public Health, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Sobel M, Navas-Acien A, Powers M, Grau-Perez M, Goessler W, Best LG, Umans J, Oelsner EC, Podolanczuk A, Sanchez TR. Environmental-level exposure to metals and metal-mixtures associated with spirometry-defined lung disease in American Indian adults: Evidence from the Strong Heart Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112194. [PMID: 34653410 PMCID: PMC8810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indians have a higher burden of chronic lung disease compared to the US average. Several metals are known to induce chronic lung disease at high exposure levels; however, less is known about the role of environmental-level metal exposure. We investigated respiratory effects of exposure to single metals and metal-mixtures in American Indians who participated in the Strong Heart Study. METHODS We included 2077 participants with data on 6 metals (As, Cd, Mo, Se, W, Zn) measured from baseline urine samples (1989-1991) and who underwent spirometry testing at follow-up (1993-1995). We used generalized linear regression to assess associations of single metals with spirometry-defined measures of airflow limitation and restrictive ventilatory pattern, and continuous spirometry. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to investigate the joint effects of the metal-mixture. Sensitivity analyses included stratifying by smoking status and diabetes. RESULTS Participants were 40% male, with median age 55 years. 21% had spirometry-defined airflow limitation, and 14% had a restrictive ventilatory pattern. In individual metal analyses, Cd was associated with higher odds of airflow limitation and lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Mo was associated with higher odds of restrictive ventilatory pattern and lower FVC. Metal-mixtures analyses confirmed these models. In smoking stratified analyses, the overall metal-mixture was linearly and positively associated with airflow limitation among non-smokers; Cd was the strongest contributor. For restrictive ventilatory pattern, the association with the overall metal-mixture was strong and linear among participants with diabetes and markedly attenuated among participants without diabetes. Among those with diabetes, Mo and Zn were the major contributors. CONCLUSIONS Environmental-level exposure to several metals was associated with higher odds of spirometry-defined lung disease in an American Indian population. Exposure to multiple metals, including Cd and Mo, may have an under-recognized adverse role on the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Sobel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St. NY, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St. NY, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Martha Powers
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Northeastern University, 1135 Tremont Street, 900 Renaissance Park, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), C. de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, 118 South Willow St, Eagle Butte, SD, 57625, USA.
| | - Jason Umans
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road, N.W, Washington, D.C, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Anna Podolanczuk
- Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 425 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St. NY, NY, 10032, USA.
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Galvez-Fernandez M, Sanchez-Saez F, Domingo-Relloso A, Rodriguez-Hernandez Z, Tarazona S, Gonzalez-Marrachelli V, Grau-Perez M, Morales-Tatay JM, Amigo N, Garcia-Barrera T, Gomez-Ariza JL, Chaves FJ, Garcia-Garcia AB, Melero R, Tellez-Plaza M, Martin-Escudero JC, Redon J, Monleon D. Gene-environment interaction analysis of redox-related metals and genetic variants with plasma metabolic patterns in a general population from Spain: The Hortega Study. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102314. [PMID: 35460952 PMCID: PMC9048061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited studies have evaluated the joint influence of redox-related metals and genetic variation on metabolic pathways. We analyzed the association of 11 metals with metabolic patterns, and the interacting role of candidate genetic variants, in 1145 participants from the Hortega Study, a population-based sample from Spain. Methods Urine antimony (Sb), arsenic, barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V), and plasma copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were measured by ICP-MS and AAS, respectively. We summarized 54 plasma metabolites, measured with targeted NMR, by estimating metabolic principal components (mPC). Redox-related SNPs (N = 291) were measured by oligo-ligation assay. Results In our study, the association with metabolic principal component (mPC) 1 (reflecting non-essential and essential amino acids, including branched chain, and bacterial co-metabolism versus fatty acids and VLDL subclasses) was positive for Se and Zn, but inverse for Cu, arsenobetaine-corrected arsenic (As) and Sb. The association with mPC2 (reflecting essential amino acids, including aromatic, and bacterial co-metabolism) was inverse for Se, Zn and Cd. The association with mPC3 (reflecting LDL subclasses) was positive for Cu, Se and Zn, but inverse for Co. The association for mPC4 (reflecting HDL subclasses) was positive for Sb, but inverse for plasma Zn. These associations were mainly driven by Cu and Sb for mPC1; Se, Zn and Cd for mPC2; Co, Se and Zn for mPC3; and Zn for mPC4. The most SNP-metal interacting genes were NOX1, GSR, GCLC, AGT and REN. Co and Zn showed the highest number of interactions with genetic variants associated to enriched endocrine, cardiovascular and neurological pathways. Conclusions Exposures to Co, Cu, Se, Zn, As, Cd and Sb were associated with several metabolic patterns involved in chronic disease. Carriers of redox-related variants may have differential susceptibility to metabolic alterations associated to excessive exposure to metals. In a population-based sample, cobalt, copper, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and antimony exposures were related to some metabolic patterns. Carriers of redox-related variants displayed differential susceptibility to metabolic alterations associated to excessive metal exposures. Cobalt and zinc showed a number of statistical interactions with variants from genes sharing biological pathways with a role in chronic diseases. The metabolic impact of metals combined with variation in redox-related genes might be large in the population, given metals widespread exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain; Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Saez
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Zulema Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Applied Statistics and Operations Research and Quality Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vannina Gonzalez-Marrachelli
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M Morales-Tatay
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigo
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain; Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Garcia-Barrera
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jose L Gomez-Ariza
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barbara Garcia-Garcia
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Melero
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan C Martin-Escudero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Health Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Rosenberg G, Riquelme S, Prince A, Avraham R. Immunometabolic crosstalk during bacterial infection. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:497-507. [PMID: 35365784 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Following detection of bacteria, macrophages switch their metabolism from oxidative respiration through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to high-rate aerobic glycolysis. This immunometabolic shift enables pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses and is facilitated by the accumulation of fatty acids, tricarboxylic acid-derived metabolites and catabolism of amino acids. Recent studies have shown that these immunometabolites are co-opted by pathogens as environmental cues for expression of virulence genes. We review mechanisms by which host immunometabolites regulate bacterial pathogenicity and discuss opportunities for the development of therapeutics targeting metabolic host-pathogen crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Rosenberg
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Alice Prince
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Roi Avraham
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Strain R, Stanton C, Ross RP. Effect of diet on pathogen performance in the microbiome. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:13. [PMID: 38045644 PMCID: PMC10688830 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intricate interactions among commensal bacteria, dietary substrates and immune responses are central to defining microbiome community composition, which plays a key role in preventing enteric pathogen infection, a dynamic phenomenon referred to as colonisation resistance. However, the impact of diet on sculpting microbiota membership, and ultimately colonisation resistance has been overlooked. Furthermore, pathogens have evolved strategies to evade colonisation resistance and outcompete commensal microbiota by using unique nutrient utilisation pathways, by exploiting microbial metabolites as nutrient sources or by environmental cues to induce virulence gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between diet, microbiota and their associated metabolites, and how these can contribute to or preclude pathogen survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Pseudomonas Synergizes with Fluconazole against Candida during Treatment of Polymicrobial Infection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0062621. [PMID: 35289633 PMCID: PMC9022521 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00626-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial infections are challenging to treat because we don’t fully understand how pathogens interact during infection and how these interactions affect drug efficacy. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic pathogens that can be found in similar sites of infection such as in burn wounds and most importantly in the lungs of CF and mechanically ventilated patients. C. albicans is particularly difficult to treat because of the paucity of antifungal agents, some of which lack fungicidal activity. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of anti-fungal treatment during C. albicans-P. aeruginosa coculture in vitro and co-infection in the mucosal zebrafish infection model analogous to the lung. We find that P. aeruginosa enhances the activity of fluconazole (FLC), an anti-fungal drug that is fungistatic in vitro, to promote both clearance of C. albicans during co-infection in vivo and fungal killing in vitro. This synergy between FLC treatment and bacterial antagonism is partly due to iron piracy, as it is reduced upon iron supplementation and knockout of bacterial siderophores. Our work demonstrates that FLC has enhanced activity in clinically relevant contexts and highlights the need to understand antimicrobial effectiveness in the complex environment of the host with its associated microbial communities.
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50
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Modulatory Effects of Fractalkine on Inflammatory Response and Iron Metabolism of Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic Acid-Activated THP-1 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052629. [PMID: 35269771 PMCID: PMC8910483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) acts as a chemokine as well as a regulator of iron metabolism. Fractalkine binds CX3CR1, the fractalkine receptor on the surface of monocytes/macrophages regulating different intracellular signalling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC) and NFκB contributing to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, and the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and metabolism. In this study, we focused on the modulatory effects of fractalkine on the immune response and on the iron metabolism of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) activated THP-1 cells to get a deeper insight into the role of soluble fractalkine in the regulation of the innate immune system. Pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions of the fractalkine-treated, LPS/LTA-treated, and co-treated THP-1 cells were determined using ELISArray and ELISA measurements. We analysed the protein expression levels of signalling molecules regulated by CX3CR1 as well as hepcidin, the major iron regulatory hormone, the iron transporters, the iron storage proteins and mitochondrial iron utilization. The results showed that fractalkine treatment alone did not affect the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, but it was proposed to act as a regulator of the iron metabolism of THP-1 cells. In the case of two different LPS and one type of LTA with fractalkine co-treatments, fractalkine was able to alter the levels of signalling proteins (NFκB, PSTAT3, Nrf2/Keap-1) regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as hepcidin, and the iron storage and utilization of the THP-1 cells.
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