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Li K, Gong X, Jin L, Liu M, Hua M. Analysis of 14 β-agonists in pork using an automated wooden tip-based solid-phase microextraction device and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300716. [PMID: 38234024 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a cost-effective, automated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of 14 β-agonists in pork using a novel solid-phase microextraction probe composed of polyacrylonitrile and molecularly imprinted polymer. Integrated into an automated extraction device, the probe optimizes extraction prior to analysis while reducing expenses and time compared to traditional solid-phase extraction procedures. The method validation followed the Chinese National Standard (GB/T 27404-2008) and examined limits of detection, limits of quantification, matrix effects, linearity, intraday, and interday precision. Average recovery rates ranged from 71.6% to 82.2%, with relative standard deviations less than 15%. Limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 0.09 to 0.39 and 0.27 to 0.99 μg/kg, respectively. The new method identified positive samples more accurately than the current National Standard GB/T 31658.22-2022 and demonstrated its potential for routine assessment and regulatory compliance in the detection of β-agonists in pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoming Gong
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengxiao Liu
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
| | - Mengmeng Hua
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang, China
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Yan Y, Ning J, Cheng X, Lv Q, Teng S, Wang W. Rapid and High-Throughput Determination of Sixteen β-agonists in Livestock Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010076. [PMID: 36613292 PMCID: PMC9818196 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-agonists are illegally added to animal feed because they can greatly increase carcasses' leanness, which impairs the safety of animal-derived foods and indirectly endangers human health. This study aimed to develop an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for determining sixteen β-agonists in livestock meat. The homogenized samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase/sulfatase at 40 °C for 2 h, extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid (v/v), and purified by the one-step Qvet-AG extraction column. The residue was redissolved by 0.1% aqueous formic acid/methanol (9:1, v/v) after blow-drying by nitrogen, and then determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that the well linearity was in the range of 0.1-50 μg/L with the correlation coefficient (R2) ≥0.9928, and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.01-0.11 μg/kg and 0.04-0.38 μg/kg, respectively. With intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) being less than 10%, the average recoveries of pork, beef, and lamb at various spiked levels ranged from 62.62-115.93%, 61.35-106.34%, and 62.00-111.83%, respectively. In conclusion, the established method is simple, efficient, sensitive, and suitable for the simultaneous detection of several β-agonist residues in livestock meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Ning
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527400, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The Center for Agri-Food Quality & Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Qingqin Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84395650
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Liang Y, Wang L, Zhang R, Pan J, Wu W, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao R. Determination of the Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways for Three β-Receptor Agonists in Rats Based on LC-MS/MS. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151885. [PMID: 35892535 PMCID: PMC9332168 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper developed a universal detection method by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect three typical clenbuterols, CLB, SAL, and RAC, and to investigate the metabolism of β-agonists in vivo. The parent ions and daughter ions of the three β-receptor agonist standards and the residues in the muscle, liver, and blood samples of rats were obtained by Total Ions Scan mode. The metabolites produced in different tissues at a specific time were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and the corresponding metabolic pathways were inferred. The results showed that the three β-receptor agonists mainly existed in the form of prototype drugs in rats, with a small amount of clenbuterol methyl compound and albuterol methyl compound. There were significant differences in residual metabolism between different tissues of the same species. In addition, different β-receptor agonists have different absorption and utilization rates in rats.
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Wu C, Ning X, Chen X, Ma J, Zhao Q, Zhao L, Zhu G, Shi S. Multi-functional porous organic polymers for highly-efficient solid-phase extraction of β-agonists and β-blockers in milk. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28925-28933. [PMID: 35478535 PMCID: PMC9038154 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, accurate, and highly sensitive analytical method was developed in this study for the determination of ten β-agonists and five β-blockers in milk. In this method, new adsorbent phosphonic acid-functionalized porous organic polymers were synthesized through a direct knitting method. The synthesis procedure of the materials and the extraction conditions (such as the composition of loading buffer and eluent) were optimized. Benefitting from the high surface area (545–804 m2 g−1), multiple functional framework and good porosity, the phosphonic acid-functionalized porous organic polymers showed a high adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity for β-agonists (224 mg g−1 and 171 mg g−1 for clenbuterol and ractopamine, respectively). The analytes were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. It showed a good linearity (with R2 ranging from 0.9950 to 0.9991 in the linear range of 3–5 orders of magnitude), with low limits of quantification ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 ng g−1. The limits of detection of the method for the analytes were measured to be in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 ng g−1. The recoveries of target analytes from real samples on the material were in the range of 62.4–119.4% with relative standard deviations of 0.6–12.1% (n = 4). Moreover, good reproducibility of the method was obtained with the interday RSD being lower than 11.7% (n = 5) and intraday RSD lower than 12.2% (n = 4). The proposed method was accurate, reliable and convenient for the simultaneous analysis of multiple β-agonists and β-blockers. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the analysis of such compounds in milk samples. Novel phosphonic acid-functionalized porous organic polymers were synthesized through direct knitting method. It shows high adsorption efficiency and high adsorption capacity for multiple β-agonists and β-blockers analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Wu
- Liaoning Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Dalian 116000 China .,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Xingshuang Ning
- Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Dalian 116600 China
| | - Xi Chen
- Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Dalian 116600 China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Technology Centre of Dalian Customs District Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Qun Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Li Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guozhi Zhu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Song Shi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
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Liu L, Gao Y, Liu J, Li Y, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Pi F, Sun X. Sensitive Techniques for POCT Sensing on the Residues of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Food. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:206-214. [PMID: 33129206 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the immense requirement on agriculture and animal husbandry, application of pesticides and veterinary drugs had become a normal state in the farming and ranching areas. However, to intently pursue the yields, large quantities of residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs have caused serious harm to both the environment and the food industry. To control and solve such an issue, a variety of novel techniques were developed in recent years. In this review, the development and features about point-of-care-testing (POCT) detection on the residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, such as, electrochemistry (EC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nano-techniques, were systematically introduced. For each topic, we first interpreted the strategies and detailed account of such technical contributions on detection and assessment of the residues. Finally, the advantages and perspectives about mentioned techniques for ultrasensitive assessment and sensing on pesticides and veterinary drugs were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziye Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Sakr M, Fouad M, Hanafi R, Al-Easa H, El-Moghazy S. Response Surface Methodology for Spectrophotometric Determination of Two β-Adrenergic Agonists-Terbium Chemosensors in Urine and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:355-367. [PMID: 33871029 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to literature reports, none of the previous methods of analysis had touched the multivariate approach for the quantification of significant factors affecting the interaction of dobutamine or hexoprenaline with Terbium. OBJECTIVE Two novel β-adrenergic agonists-lanthanide chemosensors were prepared for the determination of dobutamine and hexoprenaline in their pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms and in urine samples. Fabrication of the two chemosensors was based on their ligand-metal interaction with the lanthanide Terbium. METHODS A Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was selected for the screening of four main variables (reaction time, metal volume, pH, and temperature). Applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a Central Composite Design (CCD) was executed for the optimization of the significant factors with narrower upper and lower limits. Spectrophotometric technique was exploited for the analysis of the two chemosensors. RESULTS Maximum absorption was obtained at 299 and 298 nm for dobutamine-terbium and hexoprenaline-terbium complexes, respectively. Only factors that were found to bear significant effects on the formed complexes were promoted to the optimization level. Model verification was carried out, where target results coincided with those at the predicted levels, indicating the efficiency of the two proposed models. Validation of the proposed was implemented and linear ranges were found to be 3.30-13.50 and 1.90-10.00 µg/mL, for dobutamine and hexoprenaline, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Recovery and relative standard deviation values by application in pure powder, pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked urine samples indicated high accuracy and reproducibility. Wide-ranging linear values and comparatively low detection limits inferred the effectiveness of the proposed method. HIGHLIGHTS RSM for optimization of spectrophotometric determination of dobutamine and hexoprenaline β-adrenergic agonists-lanthanide chemosensors; PBD was used for screening and CCD for optimization of variables affecting the spectrophotometric method; Determination of dobutamine and hexoprenaline in pure powder, pharmaceutical dosage form, and spiked urine samples was accomplished after method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sakr
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Marwa Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Al-Easa
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Samir El-Moghazy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Li P, Ma G, Wu K, Deng A, Li J. An electrochemiluminescence energy resonance transfer system for highly sensitive detection of brombuterol. Talanta 2021; 223:121687. [PMID: 33303140 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system was established based on the modified graphite phase carbon nitride to detect brombuterol residues in food. The ultrasonic-assisted acidification exfoliation modification improved the conductivity and specific surface area of the graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4). In addition, the carboxylated g-C3N4 nanosheets as ECL donors and the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles as ECL acceptors could respectively directly carry antigen and antibody. Therefore, the trouble of introducing additional bridge molecules was avoided. A competitive immunoassay strategy was used for the detection of brombuterol, where brombuterol in the sample would compete with the coating antigen for the limited binding sites on antibody. The proposed ECL immunosensor for brombuterol detection exhibited high sensitivity with a wide linear range from 0.001 ng mL-1 to 1000 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit at 0.31 pg mL-1. This work adopts a very simple way to design the sensor without losing its sensitivity, bringing convenience to its possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Guoyu Ma
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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Huang W, Guo E, Li J, Deng A. Quantitative and ultrasensitive detection of brombuterol by a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (FLIA) using Ag MBA@Au-Ab as an immunoprobe. Analyst 2021; 146:296-304. [PMID: 33146162 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01949f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brombuterol is a new emerging β-adrenergic agonist that has been used as an additive in animal feed to enhance the lean meat-to-fat ratio. Due to its potential harm to consumers, it is urgent to develop sensitive, simple and rapid analytical methods to monitor brombuterol residue. In this study, a competitive lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (FLIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was developed for ultrasensitive quantitative determination of brombuterol in swine liver, pork and feed samples. Ag@Au core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles with the highest SERS enhancement were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate for preparation of the immunoprobe AgMBA@Au-Ab, in which the Raman reporter mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) was embedded between the core-shell layers and monoclonal antibodies against brombuterol were immobilized on the surfaces of nanoparticles. The presence of brombuterol was identified through a color change on testing lines. In addition, quantitative detection of brombuterol was achieved by measuring the characteristic Raman peak intensity of MBA in the immunoprobes captured by the coating antigen. The IC50 and limit of detection (LOD) of the SERS-based FLIA for brombuterol were 45 pg mL-1 and 0.11 pg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of brombuterol from spiked samples were in the range of 87.27-100.16% with relative standard deviations of 1.29%-6.99% (n = 3). The proposed SERS-based LFIA was proven to be a feasible method for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of brombuterol and might be a platform for sensitive and rapid detection of a broad range of analytes in clinical, environmental and food analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai zRoad 199, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Duan N, Qi S, Guo Y, Xu W, Wu S, Wang Z. Fe3O4@Au@Ag nanoparticles as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for sensitive detection of clenbuterol hydrochloride in pork with the use of aptamer binding. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yikilmaz Y, Kuzukiran O, Erdogan E, Sen F, Kirmizibayrak O, Filazi A. The determination of β-agonist residues in bovine tissues using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4926. [PMID: 32558952 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop a rapid, simple and reproducible method based on LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze β-agonist residues (clenbuterol, zilpaterol, ractopamine and isoxsuprine) in bovine tissues. The method was validated in accordance with the European Council Decision 2002/657/EC. The samples were homogenized, and then 10 mL of an acetate buffer was added to a 5-g sample. The sample was then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm and filtered. Sodium hydroxide (2 m) was added to adjust pH of the sample that was centrifuged again. The extract was filtered through a solid-phase extraction column. The residue was re-dissolved in 250 μL acetonitrile and then subjected to LC-MS/MS. The separation was done on a C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in deionized water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol. The mean recoveries of β-agonists were in the range of 84.3%-119.1% with relative standard deviations (%RSDs) of 0.683%-4.05%. Decision limits and detection capabilities of the analytes ranged from 0.0960 to 4.9349 μg/kg and from 0.0983 to 5.0715, respectively. This method was used to detect four β-agonists in 100 bovine muscle, 100 liver and 100 kidney tissues from a slaughterhouse. No residue was found above the maximum residue limit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Yikilmaz
- Etlik Veterinary Research Control Institute, Ahmet Sefik Kolaylı Street, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kuzukiran
- Veterinary Department, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, 18700, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Erdogan
- Etlik Veterinary Research Control Institute, Ahmet Sefik Kolaylı Street, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Filiz Sen
- Etlik Veterinary Research Control Institute, Ahmet Sefik Kolaylı Street, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kirmizibayrak
- Etlik Veterinary Research Control Institute, Ahmet Sefik Kolaylı Street, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Street., Ankara, 06110, Turkey
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Peng D, Zhao L, Zhang L, Pan Y, Tao Y, Wang Y, Sheng F, Yuan Z. A Novel Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Format for the Simultaneous Determination of Ractopamine and Phenylethanolamine A Residues in Swine Urine. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Comparison between liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for beta-agonists screening in feeding stuff. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1086:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Sensitive Assay of Clenbuterol Residues in Beef by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and Solid-Phase Extraction. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chang KC, Chang YT, Tsai CE. Determination of ractopamine and salbutamol in pig hair by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:725-730. [PMID: 29567243 PMCID: PMC9322239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of two β-agonists (ractopamine and salbutamol) in pig hair samples. An isotope of ractopamine-d5 or salbutamol-d6 as an internal standard was used to carry out quantitative analysis. Concentrated sodium hydroxide was used to pretreat hair samples and then purified by the solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure. The extracted solution was evaporated and reconstituted for injection in the instrument with electrospray ionization (ESI) operating in a positive multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. Ractopamine and salbutamol separation were performed on C18 analytical column under gradient condition. The internal standard calibration curve was linear in the range of concentration from 0.5 to 100 ng mL−1 (R2 > 0.995). Recoveries of this method estimated at three spiked concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 ng mL−1 in pig hair samples, were 79–82% for ractopamine and 77–96% for salbutamol. The corresponding inter-day and intra-day precisions expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD %) were 3.8–6.4% and 3.8–8.6%, respectively. The analytical time for one sample was 8 min. The detection limit of this method was 0.6 and 8.3 ng mL−1 for ractopamine and salbutamol, respectively. This developed method can be applied for monitoring the use of the β-agonists salbutamol and ractopamine in swine feed incurred pig hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Chang
- Division of Animal Industry, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Division of Animal Industry, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli,
Taiwan
| | - Chin-En Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +886 8 7740312. E-mail address: (C.-E. Tsai)
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16
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Magnetic graphene dispersive solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for determination of β-agonists in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1067:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Chu L, Zheng S, Qu B, Geng S, Kang X. Detection of β-agonists in pork tissue with novel electrospun nanofibers-based solid-phase extraction followed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 227:315-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent brombuterol immunoassay by applying a multiple signal amplification strategy based on a PAMAM-gold nanoparticle conjugate as the bioprobe and Ag@Au core shell nanoparticles as a substrate. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Fenwick SJ, Hincks PR, Scarth JP, Wieder ME, Hillyer LL, Paine SW. Detection and pharmacokinetics of salmeterol in thoroughbred horses following inhaled administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:486-492. [PMID: 28097668 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salmeterol is a man-made beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to relieve bronchospasm associated with inflammatory airway disease in horses. Whilst judicious use is appropriate in horses in training, they cannot race with clinically effective concentrations of medications under the British Horseracing Authority's Rules of Racing. Salmeterol must therefore be withdrawn prior to race day and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies used to establish formal detection time advice. Salmeterol xinafoate (Serevent Evohaler® ) was administered (0.1 mg twice daily for 4.5 days) via inhalation to six horses. Urine and blood samples were taken up to 103 h postadministration. Hydrolysed samples were extracted using solid phase extraction. A sensitive Ultra high performance tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed, with a Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for salmeterol of 10 pg/mL in both matrices. The majority of salmeterol plasma concentrations, postlast administration, were below the method LLOQ and so unusable for PK analysis. Urine PK analysis suggested a half-life consistent with duration of pharmacological effect. Average estimated urine concentration at steady-state was obtained via PK modelling and used to estimate a urine concentration of 59 ± 34 pg/mL as a marker of effective lung concentration. From this, potential detection times were calculated using a range of safety factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - S W Paine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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20
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Lv CZ, Xun Y, Cao Z, Xie JL, Li D, Liu G, Yu L, Feng ZM, Yin YL, Tan SZ. Sensitive Determination of Toxic Clenbuterol in Pig Meat and Pig Liver Based on a Carbon Nanopolymer Composite. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Single-Step Multiresidue Determination of β-Lactam Antibiotics and β-Agonists in Porcine Muscle by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Regal P, Díaz-Bao M, Barreiro R, Vázquez BI, Cepeda A. Confirmation of β-agonist residues in bovine retina and liver using HPLC-MS/MS and evaluation of matrix-dependent problems. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:598-607. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1271144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mónica Díaz-Bao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rocío Barreiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz I. Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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23
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Smith DJ, Shelver WL, Marx A. Detection of residues in urine and tissues of sheep treated with trace levels of dietary ractopamine HCl1,2. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:5423-5433. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Multiple signal amplified electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for brombuterol detection using gold nanoparticles and polyamidoamine dendrimers-silver nanoribbon. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 945:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Analysis of beta-agonist residues in bovine hair: Development of a UPLC–MS/MS method and stability study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1036-1037:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Liu H, Gan N, Chen Y, Ding Q, Huang J, Lin S, Cao Y, Li T. Novel method for the rapid and specific extraction of multiple β
2
‐agonist residues in food by tailor‐made Monolith‐MIPs extraction disks and detection by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3578-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Ning Gan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yinji Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and SafetyNanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing China
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Jie Huang
- Faculty of Marine ScienceNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Saichai Lin
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Tianhua Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
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27
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Di Stefano V, Pitonzo R, Giaccone V, Alongi A, Macaluso A, Cicero N, Cancemi G, Ferrantelli V. Analysis of β2-agonists in cattle hair samples using a rapid UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS method. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:482-486. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1190718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Pitonzo
- CGA, UNINETLAB, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Giaccone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelina Alongi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (SASTAS), Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cancemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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28
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Zhu Y, Xie S, Chen D, Pan Y, Qu W, Wang X, Liu Z, Peng D, Huang L, Tao Y, Yuan Z. Targeted analysis and determination of β-agonists, hormones, glucocorticoid and psychiatric drugs in feed by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2584-94. [PMID: 27145483 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive strategy combining a quantitative method was developed for 30 banned drugs including β-agonists, hormones, glucocorticoid and psychiatric drugs in swine and chicken feeds. This rapid, simple and effective extraction method was based on matrix solid-phase dispersion and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The quantitative method was validated after previous statistical optimization of the main parameters of matrix solid-phase dispersion. The limit of quantification of dopamine hydrochloride, chlormadinone acetate, melengestrol acetate, testosterone propionate, nandrolone and midazolam was 2 μg/kg and that of the other 24 drugs was 1 μg/kg. The recoveries of β-agonists, hormones, glucocorticoid and psychiatric drugs spiked in swine and chicken feeds at a concentration range of 1-8 μg/kg were above 70.1% with inter-day relative standard deviations less than 15.8%. The analytical strategy was applied to 100 feed samples collected from a local market in Wuhan (China). Clenbuterol, ractopamine and melengestrol acetate were identified and quantified at the level 0.2∼3.5 μg/kg. The rapid and reliable method can be used to efficiently separate, characterize and quantify the residues of 30 banned drugs in swine and chicken feeds with advantages of simple pretreatment and environmental friendly nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) / MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Tang Y, Gao J, Liu X, Lan J, Gao X, Ma Y, Li M, Li J. Determination of ractopamine in pork using a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer as adsorbent followed by HPLC. Food Chem 2016; 201:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Gressler V, Franzen AR, de Lima GJ, Tavernari FC, Dalla Costa OA, Feddern V. Development of a readily applied method to quantify ractopamine residue in meat and bone meal by QuEChERS-LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1015-1016:192-200. [PMID: 26927879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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A method for multiple identification of four β2-Agonists in goat muscle and beef muscle meats using LC-MS/MS based on deproteinization by adjusting pH and SPE for sample cleanup. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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32
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Wang P, Liu X, Su X, Zhu R. Sensitive detection of β-agonists in pork tissue with novel molecularly imprinted polymer extraction followed liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry detection. Food Chem 2015; 184:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Bi S, Zhao T, Wang Y, Zhou H. Study on the interactions of mapenterol with serum albumins using multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 31:372-379. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Bi
- College of Chemistry; Changchun Normal University; Changchun 130032 China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Chemistry; Changchun Normal University; Changchun 130032 China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry; Changchun Normal University; Changchun 130032 China
| | - Huifeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry; Changchun Normal University; Changchun 130032 China
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34
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Vichapong J, Burakham R, Srijaranai S. Determination of β-agonists in Porcine Meats by Ion-Pair Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Zheng J, Wang K, Luo E, Wu D, Zhu F, Jiang R, Su C, Wei C, Ouyang G. Monodisperse microporous carbon nanospheres: An efficient and stable solid phase microextraction coating material. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 884:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Noosang S, Bunkoed O, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P. New sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with cryogel solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β-agonists in animal feeds. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1951-8. [PMID: 25808354 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new mixed-mode cation-exchange sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyvinyl alcohol cryogel was fabricated and used for the first time as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β-agonists in animal feeds. Feed samples were extracted with 0.20 M phosphoric acid and methanol (1:4, v/v) using ultrasonication, cleaned-up using the developed sorbent to which the β-agonists bound then finally eluted with 5.0% ammonia in methanol and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Various parameters that affected the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the developed sorbent strongly interacted with β-agonists by cationic exchange and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, that provided a high extraction efficiency in the range of 92.8 ± 3.7-104.4 ± 2.3% over a range of 0.04-2.0 mg/kg for salbutamol and ractopamine, and 0.40-8.0 mg/kg for clenbuterol. The relative standard deviations were less than 6.0%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of β-agonists in various types of animal feed and effectively reduced any matrix interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supattri Noosang
- Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Opas Bunkoed
- Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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37
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Rosales-Conrado N, de León-González ME, Polo-Díez LM. Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Clenbuterol Chiral Determination in Animal Feed by Direct Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Cao X, Li H, Lian L, Xu N, Lou D, Wu Y. A dual-responsive fluorescence method for the detection of clenbuterol based on BSA-protected gold nanoclusters. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 871:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Sung IK, Park SJ, Kang K, Kim MY, Cho S. Development and Application of a Method for Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Three β-agonists (Clenbuterol, Ractopamine, and Zilpaterol) using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:121-9. [PMID: 26761809 PMCID: PMC4682509 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
β-agonists are anabolic compounds that promote fat loss and muscle gain, and their administration to livestock may provide economic benefits by increasing growth rate and feed efficiency. For these reasons, β-agonists are also commonly added to livestock feed as growth promoters. This can introduce a significant risk of secondary human poisoning through intake of contaminated meat. A new method for the simultaneous determination of three β-agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol) was developed in this study and applied to various meat samples. The limits of quantification, derived through a validation test following Codex guidelines, were 0.2 μg/kg for clenbuterol and zilpaterol, and 0.4 μg/kg for ractopamine. The average recoveries for clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol ranged from 109.1% to 118.3%, 95.3% to 109.0%, and 94.1% to 120.0%, respectively. The recovery and coefficient of variation (CV) values fell within the acceptable range according to the Codex guidelines. This method reduced the analysis time without decreasing detection efficiency by modifying the pretreatment steps. This method could be utilized to manage the safety of imported meat products from countries where zilpaterol use is still permitted, thereby improving public health and preventing β-agonist poisoning due to secondary contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Sung
- Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration, Incheon 402-835, Korea
| | - Seo Jung Park
- Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 158-050, Korea
| | - Kyutae Kang
- Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration, Incheon 402-835, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- BK21 PLUS program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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40
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Yan F, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhao J, Liu S, He L, Feng X, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Carboxyl-modified graphene for use in an immunoassay for the illegal feed additive clenbuterol using surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Leporati M, Bergoglio M, Capra P, Bozzetta E, Abete MC, Vincenti M. Development, validation and application to real samples of a multiresidue LC-MS/MS method for determination of β2 -agonists and anabolic steroids in bovine hair. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:936-946. [PMID: 25230191 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
β(2) -agonists are often abused in cattle breeding because of their effects on animal growth and meat properties. The use of β(2) -agonists as growth promoters is forbidden in the European Union (Council Directive 96/23/EC classifies them into group A of Annex I), due to their toxicity and carcinogenic properties, as for anabolic steroids, which are often administered in combination with β(2) -agonists, to promote the storage of proteins and increase muscle size. A unique confirmatory liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative detection of 13 β(2) -agonists and anabolic steroids plus the qualitative identification of other three analytes in bovine hair was developed and validated, according to Decision 2002/657/CE. Hair samples were washed with dichloromethane, digested within a NaOH solution and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction. The analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The absence of matrix interferents, together with good repeatability of both retention times and relative abundances of diagnostic transitions, allowed the correct identification of all analytes. The quantitative calibrations obtained from spiked blank hair samples proved linear in the range tested. CCα and CCβ ranged from 0.5 ng/g to 30 ng/g. Intralaboratory reproducibility (CV%) ranged between 5.0 and 17.7 and trueness between 96% ± 7% and 105% ± 8%. The applicability of the method to real positive samples was demonstrated for both β(2) -agonists and anabolic steroids. 17α-boldenone was found in most (70%) hair samples obtained from untreated animals, supporting the hypothesis of endogenous production of this steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leporati
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia 'Alessandro Bertinaria', regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Highly selective and sensitive detection of β-agonists using a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on an alkanethiol monolayer functionalized on a Au surface. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 67:356-63. [PMID: 25192871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunosensor surfaces for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have been constructed using a functionalized succinimidyl propanethiol monolayer as a linker to immobilize β-agonist protein conjugates on a Au surface. Because β-agonist is a small molecule, an indirect competitive inhibition immunoassay was used for detection. The lowest detection limits for ractopamine and salbutamol were 10 ppt (10 pg mL(-1)) and 5 ppt (5 pg mL(-1)), respectively. The fabricated immunosensor surface can be used again for detection after regeneration in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. It was found that the same sensor surface could be reused for performing over 100 rapid immunoreactions. Moreover, one immunosensing-regeneration cycle requires only 600 s. The fabricated immunosensor surfaces were characterized using SPR and scanning tunneling microscopy observation. In the kinetic study of the indirect competitive immunosensing inhibition, the affinity constant (K1) of salbutamol antibody was smaller than the K1 of ractopamine antibody. Compared to a previous study of clenbuterol detection, it was concluded that the high K1 was coupled with low sensitivity. In the selectivity study, both immunosensor surfaces provided >90% of confidence level for the specific detection of β-agonist compounds. The fabrication of highly selective and sensitive sensor surfaces for detecting β-agonist compounds was confirmed.
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Liou SH, Yang GCC, Wang CL, Chiu YH. Monitoring of PAEMs and beta-agonists in urine for a small group of experimental subjects and PAEs and beta-agonists in drinking water consumed by the same subjects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 277:169-179. [PMID: 24630800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This 5-month study contains two parts: (1) to monitor the concentrations of 11 phthalate esters metabolites (PAEMs) and two beta-agonists in human urine samples collected from a small group of consented participants including 16 females and five males; and (2) to analyze the residues of phthalate esters (PAEs) and beta-agonists in various categories of drinking water consumed by the same group of subjects. Each category of human urine and drinking water had 183 samples of its own. The analytical results showed that nine PAEMs were detected in human urine and eight PAEs were detected in drinking water samples. It was found that average concentrations of PAEMs increased as the age increased, but no significant difference between sexes. Further, using the principal component analysis, the loadings of age effect were found to be two times greater than that of gender effect in terms of four DEHP metabolites. Regarding beta-agonists of concern (i.e., ractopamine and salbutamol), they were neither detected in human urine nor drinking water samples in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saou-Hsing Liou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Gordon C C Yang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Lung Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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44
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Wang X, Liu Y, Su Y, Yang J, Bian K, Wang Z, He LM. High-throughput screening and confirmation of 22 banned veterinary drugs in feedstuffs using LC-MS/MS and high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:516-527. [PMID: 24364540 DOI: 10.1021/jf404501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical strategy based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with accurate mass high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HR-Orbitrap MS) was performed for high-throughput screening, confirmation, and quantification of 22 banned or unauthorized veterinary drugs in feedstuffs according to Bulletin 235 of the Ministry of Agriculture, China. Feed samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile, followed by cleanup using solid-phase extraction cartridge. The extracts were first screened by LC-MS/MS in a single selected reaction monitoring mode. The suspected positive samples were subjected to a specific pretreatment for confirmation and quantification of analyte of interest with LC-MS/MS and HR-Orbitrap MS. Mean recoveries for all target analytes (except for carbofuran and chlordimeform, which were about 35 and 45%, respectively) ranged from 52.2 to 90.4%, and the relative standard deviations were <15% except for 20% for carbofuran. The decision limits (CCαs) for target analytes in formulated feed were between 2.6 and 23 μg/kg, and the detection capabilities (CCβs) were between 4.2 and 34 μg/kg. The method was successfully applied to screening of real samples obtained from local feed markets and confirmation of the suspected target analytes. It provides a high-throughput, sensitive, and reliable screening, identification, and quantification of banned veterinary drugs in routine monitoring programs of feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
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45
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Bi S, Pang B, Wang T, Zhao T, Yu W. Investigation on the interactions of clenbuterol to bovine serum albumin and lysozyme by molecular fluorescence technique. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 120:456-461. [PMID: 24211804 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Clenbuterol interacting with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or lysozyme (LYS) in physiological buffer (pH 7.4) was investigated by the fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The results indicated that clenbuterol quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and LYS via a static quenching procedure. The binding constants of clenbuterol with BSA and LYS were 1.16×10(3) and 1.49×10(3) L mol(-1) at 291 K. The values of ΔH and ΔS implied that hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction played a major role in stabilizing the complex (clenbuterol-BSA or clenbuterol-LYS). In the presence of Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, or Zn2+, the binding constants of clenbuterol to BSA or LYS had no significant differences. The distances between the donor (BSA or LYS) and acceptor (clenbuterol) were 2.61 and 2.19 nm for clenbuterol-BSA and clenbuterol-LYS respectively. Furthermore, synchronous fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyze the conformational changes of BSA and LYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Bi
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, PR China.
| | - Bo Pang
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, PR China
| | - Wang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, PR China
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Cheng J, Wang S, Su XO. Simultaneous identification and quantification of 20 β-receptor agonists in feed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76400. [PMID: 24098489 PMCID: PMC3789743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
"Lean meat powder" is a class of toxic chemicals that have structures similar to that of β-adrenergic receptor agonists. At least 16 chemicals from this class have been specifically banned by the 176(th) bulletin of the Chinese Department of Agriculture on breeding animals, and methods for monitoring the illicit use of β-agonists in animal feed are required. Herein, a method to quantify 20 β-agonists in feed, via analyte derivatization followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, has been developed. The optimized method has a good linear correlation (calibration coefficient > 0.99) between the quantitative ion peak area and the concentration of β-agonists over a large working range (0.05-1 mg/kg). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 mg/kg, the recoveries for three β-agonists spikes (0.05, 0.1, and 1 µg/g) in feed ranged from 75.6 to 102.4%, repeatability ranged from 1.2 to 9.4% for all of the compounds, and intermediate precisions were lower than 13.8%. This precise, accurate method was applied to quantify 20 β-agonists in actual feed samples and represents an excellent complement to existing quantification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technologies for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technologies for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technologies for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Development of a multi-residue method for fast screening and confirmation of 20 prohibited veterinary drugs in feedstuffs by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 936:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Furusawa N. An isocratic solvent-free mobile phase HPLC-PDA analysis of clenbuterol and ractopamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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[Determination of nine beta-agonist residues in pig tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combining with library search]. Se Pu 2013; 31:200-5. [PMID: 23785990 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method has been developed using a hybrid triple-quadrupole linear ion trap (QTrap) mass spectrometer for the fast detection and identification of nine beta-agonists, clenbuterol, salbutamol, ractopamine, ritodrine, terbutaline, isoxsuprine, tulobuterol, cimaterol and bambuterol, in one single liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The homogenized tissue samples were purified with liquid-liquid extraction after enzymatic hydrolysis by P-glucuronidase/aryl sulfatase. After gradient elution separation on C(18) LC column using acetonitrile and formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases, a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan as survey scan and an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan as dependent scan were performed in an information dependent acquisition (IDA) experiment. Finally, the identification of the drugs was carried out by library search with a newly developed MS/MS library based on EPI spectra at three different collision energies in positive mode. The analytical method in the present study was well validated and good results were obtained with respect to precision, repeatability and spiked recovery. The limits of detection of residues were 0.1 -0.2 micro g/kg for beta-agonists, and with a linear range from 0.1 to 50.0 micro g/L. Three concentration levels of 0. 5, 1. 0 and 5. 0 pg/kg were spiked in pig tissues, and the overall recoveries were between 72.0% and 95.1% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 3. 1% and 12.1%. The real sample test showed that this method could be used for sensitive and accurate determination of beta-agonist residues in pig tissue
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50
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Ionic liquids modified dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres as solid phase extraction materials for the determination of clenbuterol and clorprenaline in urine. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1294:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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