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Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Rogachev VV, Gudkov SV, Karaduleva EV, Turovsky EA. Antifibrotic Effect of Selenium-Containing Nanoparticles on a Model of TAA-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:2723. [PMID: 38067151 PMCID: PMC10706216 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, based on the expression analysis of a wide range of pro- and anti-fibrotic, pro- and anti-inflammatory, and pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, key markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress), molecular mechanisms for the regulation of fibrosis, and accompanying negative processes caused by thioacetamide (TAA) injections and subsequent injections of selenium-containing nanoparticles and sorafenib have been proposed. We found that selenium nanoparticles of two types (doped with and without sorafenib) led to a significant decrease in almost all pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes. Sorafenib injections also reduced mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes but less effectively than both types of nanoparticles. In addition, it was shown for the first time that TAA can be an inducer of ER-stress, most likely activating the IRE1α and PERK signaling pathways of the UPR, an inducer of apoptosis and pyroptosis. Sorafenib, despite a pronounced anti-apoptotic effect, still did not reduce the expression of caspase-3 and 12 or mitogen-activated kinase JNK1 to control values, which increases the risk of persistent apoptosis in liver cells. After injections of selenium-containing nanoparticles, the negative effects caused by TAA were leveled, causing an adaptive UPR signaling response through activation of the PERK signaling pathway. The advantages of selenium-containing nanoparticles over sorafenib, established in this work, once again emphasize the unique properties of this microelement and serve as an important factor for the further introduction of drugs based on it into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Michail Victorovich Goltyaev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Vladimir Vladimirovich Rogachev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena V. Karaduleva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
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van der Wijngaart H, Beekhof R, Knol JC, Henneman AA, de Goeij-de Haas R, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Jimenez CR, Verheul HMW, Labots M. Candidate biomarkers for treatment benefit from sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma using mass spectrometry-based (phospho)proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:49. [PMID: 37940875 PMCID: PMC10631096 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is an effective first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hypothesizing that a functional read-out by mass spectrometry-based (phospho, p-)proteomics will identify predictive biomarkers for treatment outcome of sunitinib, tumor tissues of 26 RCC patients were analyzed. Eight patients had primary resistant (RES) and 18 sensitive (SENS) RCC. A 78 phosphosite signature (p < 0.05, fold-change > 2) was identified; 22 p-sites were upregulated in RES (unique in RES: BCAR3, NOP58, EIF4A2, GDI1) and 56 in SENS (35 unique). EIF4A1/EIF4A2 were differentially expressed in RES at the (p-)proteome and, in an independent cohort, transcriptome level. Inferred kinase activity of MAPK3 (p = 0.026) and EGFR (p = 0.045) as determined by INKA was higher in SENS. Posttranslational modifications signature enrichment analysis showed that different p-site-centric signatures were enriched (p < 0.05), of which FGF1 and prolactin pathways in RES and, in SENS, vanadate and thrombin treatment pathways, were most significant. In conclusion, the RCC (phospho)proteome revealed differential p-sites and kinase activities associated with sunitinib resistance and sensitivity. Independent validation is warranted to develop an assay for upfront identification of patients who are intrinsically resistant to sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke van der Wijngaart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Beekhof
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex A Henneman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard de Goeij-de Haas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Labots
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zakharia Y, Huynh L, Du S, Chang R, Pi S, Sundaresan S, Duh MS, Zanotti G, Thomaidou D. Impact of Therapy Management on Axitinib-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving First-Line Axitinib + Checkpoint Inhibitor. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:e343-e351. [PMID: 37087399 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are limited real-world data on the effectiveness of strategies used to manage adverse events (AEs) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with axitinib. This retrospective chart review examined the AE profile and effect of axitinib modifications on AE resolution/improvement and treatment discontinuation. METHODS A retrospective physician-administered chart review was conducted. Adult patients with advanced RCC treated with first-line axitinib plus checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy (ie, avelumab or pembrolizumab) and who had documented frequently reported axitinib-related AEs of fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, hypertension, or palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia were included. Physician characteristics, patient characteristics, AE characteristics, AE management strategies used, AE resolution/improvement, and treatment duration were described. The effect of strategies used to manage AEs (axitinib dose reduction or treatment interruption) on AE resolution/improvement was evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS Among 219 patients (median age: 62 years, 65% male), 70 (32%) were treated with axitinib + avelumab and 149 (68%) received axitinib + pembrolizumab. Axitinib modifications increased the likelihood of AE resolution/improvement compared with no modifications (adjusted odds ratio: 6.34, P < .001). In the subset of patients who discontinued treatment among those with or without axitinib modifications, mean treatment duration was 7.0 and 1.7 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Toxicities experienced by patients with advanced RCC treated with first-line axitinib-CPI in the real world can be effectively managed by axitinib modifications, thereby prolonging treatment duration. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04682587).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Zakharia
- University of Iowa, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA.
| | | | - Shawn Du
- Analysis Group, Inc, New York, NY
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Yu Y, Shen X, Xiao X, Li L, Huang Y. Butyrate Modification Promotes Intestinal Absorption and Hepatic Cancer Cells Targeting of Ferroptosis Inducer Loaded Nanoparticle for Enhanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301149. [PMID: 37165608 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is an oral-administered first-line drug for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib is relatively low. Here, an oral delivery platform that increases sorafenib uptake by HCC and induces potent ferroptosis is designed. This platform is butyrate-modified nanoparticles separately encapsulated with sorafenib and salinomycin. The multifunctional ligand butyrate interacts with monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) to facilitate transcytosis. Specifically, MCT-1 is differentially expressed on the apical and basolateral sides of the intestine, highly expressed on the surface of HCC cells but lowly expressed on normal hepatocytes. After oral administration, this platform is revealed to boost transepithelial transport effectively and continuously in the intestine, drug accumulation in the liver, and HCC cell uptake. Following drug release in cancer cells, sorafenib depletes glutathione peroxidase 4 and glutathione, consequently initiating ferroptosis. Meanwhile, salinomycin enhances intracellular iron and lipid peroxidation, thereby accelerating ferroptosis. In vivo experiments performed on the orthotopic HCC model demonstrate that this combination strategy induces pronounced ferroptosis damage and ignites a robust systemic immune response, leading to the effective elimination of tumors and establishment of systemic immune memory. This work provides a proof-of-concept demonstration that an oral delivery strategy for ferroptosis inducers may be beneficial for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Shen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Popel AS, Bazzazi H. Combining Multikinase Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cluster of Differentiation 47 Signaling Pathways Is Predicted to Increase the Efficacy of Antiangiogenic Combination Therapies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:710-726. [PMID: 37200806 PMCID: PMC10186363 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor growth, development, and invasion. Nascent tumor cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that significantly remodels the tumor microenvironment through interaction with multiple receptors on vascular endothelial cells, including type 2 VEGF receptor (VEGFR2). The complex pathways initiated by VEGF binding to VEGFR2 lead to enhanced proliferation, survival, and motility of vascular endothelial cells and formation of a new vascular network, enabling tumor growth. Antiangiogenic therapies that inhibit VEGF signaling pathways were among the first drugs that targeted stroma rather than tumor cells. Despite improvements in progression-free survival and higher response rates relative to chemotherapy in some types of solid tumors, the impact on overall survival (OS) has been limited, with the majority of tumors eventually relapsing due to resistance or activation of alternate angiogenic pathways. Here, we developed a molecularly detailed computational model of endothelial cell signaling and angiogenesis-driven tumor growth to investigate combination therapies targeting different nodes of the endothelial VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Simulations predicted a strong threshold-like behavior in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation relative to phosphorylated VEGFR2 levels, as continuous inhibition of at least 95% of receptors was necessary to abrogate phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2). Combinations with mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) and spingosine-1-phosphate inhibitors were found to be effective in overcoming the ERK1/2 activation threshold and abolishing activation of the pathway. Modeling results also identified a mechanism of resistance whereby tumor cells could reduce pERK1/2 sensitivity to inhibitors of VEGFR2 by upregulation of Raf, MEK, and sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), thus highlighting the need for deeper investigation of the dynamics of the crosstalk between VEGFR2 and SphK1 pathways. Inhibition of VEGFR2 phosphorylation was found to be more effective at blocking protein kinase B, also known as AKT, activation; however, to effectively abolish AKT activation, simulations identified Axl autophosphorylation or the Src kinase domain as potent targets. Simulations also supported activating cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on endothelial cells as an effective combination partner with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to inhibit angiogenesis signaling and tumor growth. Virtual patient simulations supported the effectiveness of CD47 agonism in combination with inhibitors of VEGFR2 and SphK1 pathways. Overall, the rule-based system model developed here provides new insights, generates novel hypothesis, and makes predictions regarding combinations that may enhance the OS with currently approved antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hojjat Bazzazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Aldin A, Besiroglu B, Adams A, Monsef I, Piechotta V, Tomlinson E, Hornbach C, Dressen N, Goldkuhle M, Maisch P, Dahm P, Heidenreich A, Skoetz N. First-line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD013798. [PMID: 37146227 PMCID: PMC10158799 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013798.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the treatment landscape for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed fundamentally. Today, combined therapies from different drug categories have a firm place in a complex first-line therapy. Due to the large number of drugs available, it is necessary to identify the most effective therapies, whilst considering their side effects and impact on quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the benefits and harms of first-line therapies for adults with advanced RCC, and to produce a clinically relevant ranking of therapies. Secondary objectives were to maintain the currency of the evidence by conducting continuous update searches, using a living systematic review approach, and to incorporate data from clinical study reports (CSRs). SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, conference proceedings and relevant trial registries up until 9 February 2022. We searched several data platforms to identify CSRs. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating at least one targeted therapy or immunotherapy for first-line treatment of adults with advanced RCC. We excluded trials evaluating only interleukin-2 versus interferon-alpha as well as trials with an adjuvant treatment setting. We also excluded trials with adults who received prior systemic anticancer therapy if more than 10% of participants were previously treated, or if data for untreated participants were not separately extractable. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All necessary review steps (i.e. screening and study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and certainty assessments) were conducted independently by at least two review authors. Our outcomes were overall survival (OS), QoL, serious adverse events (SAEs), progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), the number of participants who discontinued study treatment due to an AE, and the time to initiation of first subsequent therapy. Where possible, analyses were conducted for the different risk groups (favourable, intermediate, poor) according to the International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium Score (IMDC) or the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria. Our main comparator was sunitinib (SUN). A hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR) lower than 1.0 is in favour of the experimental arm. MAIN RESULTS We included 36 RCTs and 15,177 participants (11,061 males and 4116 females). Risk of bias was predominantly judged as being 'high' or 'some concerns' across most trials and outcomes. This was mainly due to a lack of information about the randomisation process, the blinding of outcome assessors, and methods for outcome measurements and analyses. Additionally, study protocols and statistical analysis plans were rarely available. Here we present the results for our primary outcomes OS, QoL, and SAEs, and for all risk groups combined for contemporary treatments: pembrolizumab + axitinib (PEM+AXI), avelumab + axitinib (AVE+AXI), nivolumab + cabozantinib (NIV+CAB), lenvatinib + pembrolizumab (LEN+PEM), nivolumab + ipilimumab (NIV+IPI), CAB, and pazopanib (PAZ). Results per risk group and results for our secondary outcomes are reported in the summary of findings tables and in the full text of this review. The evidence on other treatments and comparisons can also be found in the full text. Overall survival (OS) Across risk groups, PEM+AXI (HR 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50 to 1.07, moderate certainty) and NIV+IPI (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00, moderate certainty) probably improve OS, compared to SUN, respectively. LEN+PEM may improve OS (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.03, low certainty), compared to SUN. There is probably little or no difference in OS between PAZ and SUN (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.32, moderate certainty), and we are uncertain whether CAB improves OS when compared to SUN (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.64, very low certainty). The median survival is 28 months when treated with SUN. Survival may improve to 43 months with LEN+PEM, and probably improves to: 41 months with NIV+IPI, 39 months with PEM+AXI, and 31 months with PAZ. We are uncertain whether survival improves to 34 months with CAB. Comparison data were not available for AVE+AXI and NIV+CAB. Quality of life (QoL) One RCT measured QoL using FACIT-F (score range 0 to 52; higher scores mean better QoL) and reported that the mean post-score was 9.00 points higher (9.86 lower to 27.86 higher, very low certainty) with PAZ than with SUN. Comparison data were not available for PEM+AXI, AVE+AXI, NIV+CAB, LEN+PEM, NIV+IPI, and CAB. Serious adverse events (SAEs) Across risk groups, PEM+AXI probably increases slightly the risk for SAEs (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.85, moderate certainty) compared to SUN. LEN+PEM (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.19, moderate certainty) and NIV+IPI (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.97, moderate certainty) probably increase the risk for SAEs, compared to SUN, respectively. There is probably little or no difference in the risk for SAEs between PAZ and SUN (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.31, moderate certainty). We are uncertain whether CAB reduces or increases the risk for SAEs (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.43, very low certainty) when compared to SUN. People have a mean risk of 40% for experiencing SAEs when treated with SUN. The risk increases probably to: 61% with LEN+PEM, 57% with NIV+IPI, and 52% with PEM+AXI. It probably remains at 40% with PAZ. We are uncertain whether the risk reduces to 37% with CAB. Comparison data were not available for AVE+AXI and NIV+CAB. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Findings concerning the main treatments of interest comes from direct evidence of one trial only, thus results should be interpreted with caution. More trials are needed where these interventions and combinations are compared head-to-head, rather than just to SUN. Moreover, assessing the effect of immunotherapies and targeted therapies on different subgroups is essential and studies should focus on assessing and reporting relevant subgroup data. The evidence in this review mostly applies to advanced clear cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Aldin
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Burcu Besiroglu
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Adams
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Piechotta
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eve Tomlinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carolin Hornbach
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Dressen
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marius Goldkuhle
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Dahm
- Urology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Special Urological and Robot-assisted Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ghalehbandi S, Yuzugulen J, Pranjol MZI, Pourgholami MH. The role of VEGF in cancer-induced angiogenesis and research progress of drugs targeting VEGF. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175586. [PMID: 36906141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a double-edged sword; it is a mechanism that defines the boundary between health and disease. In spite of its central role in physiological homeostasis, it provides the oxygen and nutrition needed by tumor cells to proceed from dormancy if pro-angiogenic factors tip the balance in favor of tumor angiogenesis. Among pro-angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prominent target in therapeutic methods due to its strategic involvement in the formation of anomalous tumor vasculature. In addition, VEGF exhibits immune-regulatory properties which suppress immune cell antitumor activity. VEGF signaling through its receptors is an integral part of tumoral angiogenic approaches. A wide variety of medicines have been designed to target the ligands and receptors of this pro-angiogenic superfamily. Herein, we summarize the direct and indirect molecular mechanisms of VEGF to demonstrate its versatile role in the context of cancer angiogenesis and current transformative VEGF-targeted strategies interfering with tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jale Yuzugulen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
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Qin S, Xv Z, Chen X, Wang S, Lu H, Li J, Guo X, Yang J, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang H. Comparing efficacy and safety of first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A Bayesian network meta-regression analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1072634. [PMID: 36910649 PMCID: PMC9992527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1072634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This Bayesian network meta-regression analysis provides a head-to-head comparison of first-line therapeutic immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) combinations for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) using median follow-up time as covariate. Methods We searched Six databases for a comprehensive analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Comparing progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of different interventions at the same time node by Bayesian network meta-analysis. Bayesian network meta-regression analysis was performed on objective response rate (ORR), adverse events (AEs) (grade ≥ 3) and the hazard ratios (HR) associated with PFS and OS, with the median follow-up time as the covariate. Results Eventually a total of 22 RCTs reporting 11,090 patients with 19 interventions. Lenvatinib plus Pembrolizumab (LenPem) shows dominance of PFS, and Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib (PemAxi) shows superiority in OS at each time point. After meta-regression analysis, for HRs of PFS, LenPem shows advantages; for HRs of OS, PemAxi shows superiority; For ORR, LenPem provides better results. For AEs (grade ≥ 3), Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab (AtezoBev) is better. Conclusion Considering the lower toxicity and the higher quality of life, PemAxi should be recommended as the optimal therapy in treating mRCC. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD4202236775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Qin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Health, Brooks College, Sunnyvale, CA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shurui Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinglin Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengjiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaoguang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- School of Health Sciences and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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9
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Hoeh B, Flammia RS, Hohenhorst L, Sorce G, Panunzio A, Tappero S, Tian Z, Saad F, Gallucci M, Briganti A, Terrone C, Shariat SF, Graefen M, Tilki D, Antonelli A, Kosiba M, Kluth LA, Becker A, Chun FK, Karakiewicz PI. IO-IO vs IO-TKI efficacy in metastatic kidney cancer patients: A structured systematic review over time. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:394-399. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Verzella D, Cornice J, Arboretto P, Vecchiotti D, Di Vito Nolfi M, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Franzoso G. The NF-κB Pharmacopeia: Novel Strategies to Subdue an Intractable Target. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2233. [PMID: 36140335 PMCID: PMC9496094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors are major drivers of tumor initiation and progression. NF-κB signaling is constitutively activated by genetic alterations or environmental signals in many human cancers, where it contributes to almost all hallmarks of malignancy, including sustained proliferation, cell death resistance, tumor-promoting inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, tissue invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. As such, the NF-κB pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in a broad range of human cancers, as well as in numerous non-malignant diseases. Currently, however, there is no clinically useful NF-κB inhibitor to treat oncological patients, owing to the preclusive, on-target toxicities of systemic NF-κB blockade. In this review, we discuss the principal and most promising strategies being developed to circumvent the inherent limitations of conventional IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB-targeting drugs, focusing on new molecules that target upstream regulators or downstream effectors of oncogenic NF-κB signaling, as well as agents targeting individual NF-κB subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jessica Cornice
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paola Arboretto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Davide Vecchiotti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Vito Nolfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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11
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Sawhney P, Suyanto S, Michael A, Pandha H. First-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158221092949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate current first-line treatment strategies in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and to review other promising treatments under investigations. Materials and methods: We reviewed all relevant pivotal first-line systemic therapy trials, and studies investigating the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy, metastectomy, and ablative radiotherapy in advanced or metastatic RCC. Results: In total we identified 21 relevant studies, investigating both systemic and non-systemic therapies, including treatments under investigations. Conclusion: Metastatic RCC (mRCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that is notoriously difficult to treat, however, the discovery of novel targeted therapies over the past decade have revolutionised its management. The International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) is a prognostic model that is commonly used in both clinical trials and routine clinical care to risk-stratify patients with mRCC, which has helped with therapy selection for mRCC patients over the past decade. However, with an improved understanding of tumour biology and genetics, this has prompted a shift from cytokine therapy to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and now to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Recent promising results from clinical studies with ICI combination treatments have transformed the treatment landscape for the management of intermediate- and poor- risk clear cell RCC, however, further research is still needed for favourable-risk, and non-clear cell patients. Level of evidence: Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hardev Pandha
- St Luke’s Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, UK
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12
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Kotecha RR, Hsu DJ, Lee CH, Patil S, Voss MH. In silico modeling of combination systemic therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e004059. [PMID: 34952852 PMCID: PMC8710908 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic combinations of VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor plus immune checkpoint blockade now represent a standard in the first-line management of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Tumor molecular profiling has shown notable heterogeneity when it comes to activation states of relevant pathways, and it is not clear that concurrent pursuit of two mechanisms of action is needed in all patients. Here, we applied an in silico drug model to simulate combination therapy by integrating previously reported findings from individual monotherapy studies. Clinical data was collected from prospective clinical trials of axitinib, cabozantinib, pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Efficacy of two-drug combination regimens (cabozantinib plus nivolumab, and axitinib plus pembrolizumab) was then modeled assuming independent effects of each partner. Reduction in target lesions, objective response rates (ORR), and progression-free survival (PFS) were projected based on previously reported activity of each agent, randomly pairing efficacy data from two source trials for individual patients and including only the superior effect of each pair in the model. In silico results were then contextualized to register phase III studies of these combinations with similar ORR, PFS, and best tumor response. As increasingly complex therapeutic strategies emerge, computational tools like this could help define benchmarks for trial designs and precision medicine efforts. Summary statement: In silico drug modeling provides meaningful insights into the effects of combination immunotherapy for patients with advanced kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh R Kotecha
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dennis J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sujata Patil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin H Voss
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Numakura K, Muto Y, Naito S, Hatakeyama S, Kato R, Koguchi T, Kojima T, Kawasaki Y, Kandori S, Kawamura S, Arai Y, Ito A, Nishiyama H, Kojima Y, Obara W, Ohyama C, Tsuchiya N, Habuchi T. Outcomes of axitinib versus sunitinib as first-line therapy to patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the immune-oncology era. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5839-5846. [PMID: 34313025 PMCID: PMC8419787 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although combination immune checkpoint inhibitor (immuno‐oncology [IO]) therapy is the first‐line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), it mostly causes resistance and tumor regrowth. Therefore, an optimal second‐line therapy is necessary. Such therapy typically comprises vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR‐TKIs). This study was aimed at comparing the efficacy of two TKIs—axitinib and sunitinib—in mRCC patients. From January 2008 to October 2018, we registered 703 mRCC patients from 8 Japanese institutes. Of these, 408 patients received axitinib or sunitinib as the first‐line treatment. Thereafter, efficacy and survival rate were compared between the axitinib and sunitinib groups. To reduce the effects of selection bias and potential confounders, propensity score matching analysis was performed. Axitinib and sunitinib were administered in 274 and 134 patients, respectively. More than 25% of the patients received nivolumab sequence therapy. To calculate the propensity scores for each patient, we performed multivariate logistic regression analysis. The objective response rate, progression‐free survival (PFS), cause‐specific survival, and overall survival (OS) were significantly better in the axitinib group than in the sunitinib group. Furthermore, the OS was better in the nivolumab‐treated patients in the axitinib group. Axitinib showed higher efficacy and afforded greater survival benefits than did sunitinib when administered as first‐line therapy in mRCC patients. Thus, from among VEGFR‐TKIs, axitinib might be a possible option for application in the middle of IO drug‐based treatment sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yumin Muto
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Sei Naito
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Renpei Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Tsukuba University Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kawasaki
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Syuya Kandori
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Tsukuba University Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Tsukuba University Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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14
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Interleukin-2 therapy of cancer-clinical perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107836. [PMID: 34218217 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that displays opposing activities on immune system acting either in favor of or against cancer progression. Advanced/metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the two types of cancers that included most studies implemented for assessing the role of high-dose IL-2 therapy. The use of high-dose IL-2 therapy can, however, increase the rate of toxicities and interferes with the activity of endothelial cells (ECs) and effector T cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). This implies the need for adjusting strategies related to the cytokine therapy, such as suppressing signals that are interfering with the activity of this cytokine or the use of engineered IL-2 variants. The focus of this review is to discuss about pros and cons related to the IL-2 therapy and propose strategies to increase the efficacy of therapy. The outcomes of this literature will call for application of variants of IL-2 engineered to represent higher half-life and efficacy, and are more safe in the area of cancer immunotherapy.
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15
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Mielczarek Ł, Brodziak A, Sobczuk P, Kawecki M, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Czarnecka AM. Renal toxicity of targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma in patients with normal and impaired kidney function. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:723-742. [PMID: 33768301 PMCID: PMC8110505 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of novel targeted therapies during the last 2 decades has led to a significant improvement in patients' clinical outcomes with renal cell carcinoma. However, this improvement came at the price of a whole new spectrum of adverse events, including renal toxicity. Systemic treatment of patients with kidney neoplasms who often present with impairment of kidney function, even prior to treatment, poses an increasing diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Common lifestyle-related comorbidities, i.e., hypertension and diabetes, may contribute to further impairment of kidney function. The lack of official guidelines and the exclusion of patients with reduced kidney function from the clinical trials of recently approved drugs complicate the issue even further. Early detection and correct management of renal toxic effects are crucial to preserve kidney function and ensure the optimal administration of life-prolonging therapies. This review presents detailed information on the renal toxicities of three groups of drugs commonly used in renal cell carcinoma treatment: tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We outline the incidence and underlying mechanisms of renal adverse effects with a focus on patients on renal replacement therapy, as well as present suggestions for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Mielczarek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brodziak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kawecki
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Quinn DI, Ng CF, Grande E, Kwon TG, Linke R, Lee JL, Rosbrook B, Thakur MN, Eto M, Gross-Goupil M. ATLAS trial of adjuvant axitinib in patients with renal cell carcinoma: subgroup analyses with focus on axitinib dosing and racial groups. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100105. [PMID: 33901868 PMCID: PMC8099745 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ATLAS trial, investigating adjuvant axitinib versus placebo in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), was stopped for futility at a preplanned interim analysis. We report subgroup outcome analyses by ethnicity, time on treatment, dose modification and toxicity. Patients and methods Patient demographics, baseline characteristics, treatment duration and exposure and safety were analysed for Asian versus non-Asian patients treated with axitinib versus placebo. Disease-free survival (DFS) was analysed by ethnicity, treatment duration (≥1 versus <1 year), dose modification and adverse event (AE) grade. Results No DFS benefit was observed for Asian {hazard ratio (HR) 0.883 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.638-1.220]} or non-Asian [HR 0.828 (95% CI 0.490-1.400)] patients treated with axitinib or placebo. Fewer Asian versus non-Asian patients were in the highest-risk group in axitinib (51.9% versus 72.3%) or placebo (51.5% versus 66.0%) arm. Highest-risk patients in both subgroups had no DFS benefit with either treatment. More axitinib-treated Asian versus non-Asian patients had dose reductions due to AEs (58.8% versus 46.0%; P = 0.028). Asian patients experienced more nasopharyngitis but less fatigue or asthenia than non-Asians. Among Asian patients, proteinuria, hypothyroidism, nasopharyngitis, and hypertension were more common in Japanese patients than Korean patients and more common in Korean patients than Chinese patients. Patients receiving axitinib >1 year versus ≤1 year did not have different DFS: HR 0.572 (95% CI 0.247-1.327); P = 0.1874. Compared with patients on stable axitinib dose, DFS was longer in patients with dose reduction [HR 0.458 (95% CI 0.305-0.687); P = 0.0001], whereas DFS was not different in those with dose escalation [HR 1.936 (95% CI 0.937-3.997); P = 0.0685]. DFS was not different in patients experiencing grade ≥2 versus <2 AEs within 6 months of initiating axitinib: HR 0.885 (95% CI 0.419-1.869); P = 0.7488. Conclusions Asian versus non-Asian subgroup analysis revealed differences in AE experience and drug exposure. There were no DFS differences based on ethnicity or treatment duration, but axitinib dose reduction led to longer DFS. DFS analysis by Asian versus non-Asian did not indicate a DFS benefit over placebo for either subgroup. Asian patients had a lower median daily dose of axitinib and more frequent dose reductions versus non-Asian patients. Duration of axitinib treatment did not impact DFS in both Asian and non-Asian subgroups. Patients with dose reductions had longer DFS versus patients with stable dose or dose increase. There were notable differences in AEs between Asian and non-Asian patients and among Japanese, Korean and Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Quinn
- Division of Oncology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - C F Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - E Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - T G Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - R Linke
- SFJ Pharmaceuticals, Pleasanton, USA
| | - J-L Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asian Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - M Eto
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Gross-Goupil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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17
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Riaz IB, He H, Ryu AJ, Siddiqi R, Naqvi SAA, Yao Y, Husnain M, Narasimhulu DM, Mathew J, Sipra QUAR, Vandvik PO, Joseph RW, Liu H, Wang Z, Herasevich V, Singh P, Hussain SA, Ho TH, Bryce AH, Pagliaro LC, Murad MH, Costello BA. A Living, Interactive Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of First-line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2021; 80:712-723. [PMID: 33824031 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Identifying the most effective first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is challenging as rapidly evolving data quickly outdate the existing body of evidence, and current approaches to presenting the evidence in user-friendly formats are fraught with limitations. OBJECTIVE To maintain living evidence for contemporary first-line treatment for previously untreated mRCC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We have created a living, interactive systematic review (LISR) and network meta-analysis for first-line treatment of mRCC using data from randomized controlled trials comparing contemporary treatment options with single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We applied an advanced programming and artificial intelligence-assisted framework for evidence synthesis to create a living search strategy, facilitate screening and data extraction using a graphical user interface, automate the frequentist network meta-analysis, and display results in an interactive manner. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS As of October 22, 2020, the LISR includes data from 14 clinical trials. Baseline characteristics are summarized in an interactive table. The cabozantinib + nivolumab combination (CaboNivo) is ranked the highest for the overall response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival, whereas ipilimumab + nivolumab (NivoIpi) is ranked the highest for achieving a complete response (CR). NivoIpi, and atezolizumab + bevacizumab (AteBev) were ranked highest (lowest toxicity) and CaboNivo ranked lowest for treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Network meta-analysis results are summarized as interactive tables and plots, GRADE summary-of-findings tables, and evidence maps. CONCLUSIONS This innovative living and interactive review provides the best current evidence on the comparative effectiveness of multiple treatment options for patients with untreated mRCC. Trial-level comparisons suggest that CaboNivo is likely to cause more AEs but is ranked best for all efficacy outcomes, except NivoIpi offers the best chance of CR. Pembrolizumab + axitinib and NivoIpi are acceptable alternatives, except NivoIpi may not be preferred for patients with favorable risk. Although network meta-analysis provides rankings with statistical adjustments, there are inherent biases in cross-trial comparisons with sparse direct evidence that does not replace randomized comparisons. PATIENT SUMMARY It is challenging to decide the best option among the several treatment combinations of immunotherapy and targeted treatments for newly diagnosed metastatic kidney cancer. We have created interactive evidence summaries of multiple treatment options that present the benefits and harms and evidence certainty for patient-important outcomes. This evidence is updated as soon as new studies are published.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huan He
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Yao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Husnain
- Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Per Olav Vandvik
- Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Mickisch G, Peters I, Grüllich C, Mudra T, Doehn C. [Immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma-Which strategy when?]. Urologe A 2020; 59:1504-1511. [PMID: 33026489 PMCID: PMC7873000 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitors have led to a paradigm shift in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) as they established a new standard in first-line treatment. In addition to the established monotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the spectrum of first-line options has now become wider. Based on data from studies and current guideline recommendations, this article discusses possible factors for individual strategies in first-line treatment of mRCC. For this decision, the leading criterion is the patient's risk score. In addition, the efficacy and tolerability of the substances, tumor burden, patient age and preferences as well as considerations about sequence treatment can support the decision. Real-world data for the new combination treatment, biomarkers for personalized medicine as well as studies on optimal sequence treatment for mRCC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mickisch
- Centrum für Operative Urologie (COUB) Bremen, Robert-Koch-Str. 34a, 28277, Bremen, Deutschland.
| | - I Peters
- Klinik für Urologie und Urologische Onkologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - C Grüllich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - T Mudra
- APOGEPHA Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - C Doehn
- Urologikum Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
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19
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Hemminki O, Perlis N, Bjorklund J, Finelli A, Zlotta AR, Hemminki A. Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Immunotherapies Have Demonstrated Overall Survival Benefits While Targeted Therapies Have Not. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020; 22:61-73. [PMID: 34337479 PMCID: PMC8317793 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Current guidelines suggest several targeted therapies (TTs) and immunotherapies (ITs) in the treatment of advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Ideal sequencing of these treatments is unclear. Objective The primary objective was to evaluate the overall survival (OS) data of the treatments approved for mRCC. Secondary objectives included evaluating other signs of efficacy and adverse events. Evidence acquisition We reviewed the current Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for mRCC. Trials associated with approval were reviewed. We also included pre- and postapproval publications when appropriate. Evidence synthesis There is minimal evidence supporting OS benefit for the nine approved TTs. They result in adverse events and are a considerable economic burden. For these reasons, their future role in mRCC treatment should be re-evaluated, given the emergence of IT that have demonstrated OS benefits. Accumulating long-term survival data with high-dose interleukin-2 treatment suggests that this older treatment could still be considered for eligible patients. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising OS and durable responses; as such, the high cost of treatment might be justified. However, the available evidence does not suggest that adding TT to IT would increase efficacy over IT alone, but would add toxicity. Conclusions Trial data supporting OS benefit are much stronger for ITs than for TTs. Combining checkpoint inhibitors with TTs has not been shown to produce better OS than checkpoint inhibitors alone, while more adverse events are present. Granting drug approvals based on efficacy without demonstrated OS benefit should be revisited. Patient summary Approved treatments for metastatic kidney cancer include targeted and immune-based therapies. The former commonly produces temporary tumour shrinkage, but survival benefits are unclear. All approved immunotherapies have increased survival, and a proportion of patients appear cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Hemminki
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Urology, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathan Perlis
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johan Bjorklund
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institution for Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Martini JF, Plimack ER, Choueiri TK, McDermott DF, Puzanov I, Fishman MN, Cho DC, Vaishampayan U, Rosbrook B, Fernandez KC, Tarazi JC, George S, Atkins MB. Angiogenic and Immune-Related Biomarkers and Outcomes Following Axitinib/Pembrolizumab Treatment in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5598-5608. [PMID: 32816890 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combined axitinib/pembrolizumab is approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). This exploratory analysis examined associations between angiogenic and immune-related biomarkers and outcomes following axitinib/pembrolizumab treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospectively defined retrospective correlative exploratory analyses tested biospecimens from 52 treatment-naïve patients receiving axitinib and pembrolizumab (starting doses 5 mg twice daily and 2 mg/kg respectively, every 3 weeks). Tumor tissue, serum, and whole blood samples were collected at baseline, at cycle 2 day 1 (C2D1), and end of treatment (EOT) for blood-based samples. Clinical outcomes were objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Higher baseline tumor levels of CD8 showed a trend toward longer PFS (HR 0.4; P = 0.091). Higher baseline serum levels of CXCL10 (P = 0.0197) and CEACAM1 (P = 0.085) showed a trend toward better ORR and longer PFS, respectively. Patients for whom IL6 was not detected at baseline had longer PFS versus patients for whom it was detected (HR 0.4; P = 0.028). At C2D1 and/or EOT, mainly immune-related biomarkers showed any association with better outcomes. The genes CA9 (P = 0.084), HIF1A (P = 0.064), and IFNG (P = 0.073) showed trending associations with ORR, and AKT3 (P = 0.0145), DDX58 (P = 0.0726), GZMA (P = 0.0666), LCN2 (NGAL; P = 0.0267), and PTPN11 (P = 0.0287) with PFS. CONCLUSIONS With combined axitinib/pembrolizumab treatment in patients with aRCC, mostly immune-related biomarkers are associated with better treatment outcomes. This exploratory analysis has identified some candidate biomarkers to consider in future prospective testing.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- Axitinib/administration & dosage
- Axitinib/adverse effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX/blood
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- DEAD Box Protein 58/blood
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Granzymes/blood
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/blood
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Lipocalin-2/blood
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/blood
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Progression-Free Survival
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/blood
- Receptors, Immunologic/blood
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Daniel C Cho
- Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bradley Rosbrook
- Pfizer Global Product Development-Oncology, San Diego, California
| | | | - Jamal C Tarazi
- Pfizer Global Product Development-Oncology, San Diego, California
| | - Saby George
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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21
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Heo JH, Park C, Ghosh S, Park SK, Zivkovic M, Rascati KL. A network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of first-line and second-line therapies for the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:35-49. [PMID: 33112003 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancers. Disease-specific survival for mRCC has been significantly improved with the introduction of new targeted agents since 2005. However, there is a lack of head-to-head clinical trials comparing the efficacy between therapies. This study compared indirectly progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among first-line and second-line therapies in patients with mRCC using network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS The PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched to identify phase II or phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of targeted and biological therapies in patients with mRCC published between January 2000 and June 2020. The Bayesian fixed-effect NMA was performed to evaluate relative PFS and OS of first-line and second-line therapies of axitinib, bevacizumab, cabozantinib, everolimus, lenvatinib, nivolumab, ipilimumab, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, tivozanib, avelumab and pembrolizumab, which were approved by the Food and Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency. End points were compared using hazard ratio (HR) and 95% credible interval (CrI). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was estimated to assess the probability of being the best treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 26 RCTs (first line: 19, second line: 9) with 13 893 patients were included in the NMA. For the first-line therapy, cabozantinib was associated with the highest improved PFS (HR = 0.26, 95% CrI = 0.14-0.44) followed by avelumab + axitinib and pembrolizumab + axitinib (HR = 0.27, SUCRA = 90%). Pembrolizumab + axitinib had a high likelihood of being the preferred treatment when using OS as the outcome measure (HR = 0.41, 95% CrI = 0.16-0.85). Avelumab + axitinib had the lowest HR compared with placebo + interferon on discontinuations due to AE (HR = 1.04, 95% CrI = 0.54-1.86). For second-line therapy, cabozantinib was identified as the most effective treatment option when assessing PFS (HR = 0.17, 95% CrI = 0.12-0.24). Axitinib had the lowest HR of OS and discontinuation due to AE (HR = 0.54, 95% CrI = 0.40-0.71; HR = 0.98, 95% CrI = 0.42-1.97, respectively). Pazopanib was the second choice in terms of OS (HR = 0.56, 95% CrI = 0.28-1.00; SUCRA = 76%) compared with placebo. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION With respect to PFS and OS improvement, cabozantinib, avelumab + axitinib and pembrolizumab + axitinib are likely to be the preferred options for the first-line therapy and cabozantinib and axitinib for the second-line therapy in the management of mRCC. Regarding safety, avelumab + axitinib and temsirolimus were considered preferred treatment options in first-line and second-line therapies. More future research is needed to establish subgroup analyses, allowing evaluation of the impact of some of the differences in patient characteristics, including treatment effect modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Haeng Heo
- Genesis Research, LLC, Hoboken, NJ, USA.,The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Somraj Ghosh
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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22
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Benekli M, Gumus M, Ozkan M, Dane F, Elkiran ET, Cicin I, Sevinc A, Aliustaoglu M, Isikdogan A, Meydan N, Oksuzoglu B, Ozyilkan O, Artac M, Ozdemir F, Kilickap S. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer patients with early cytokine intolerance: TURCOS, a Turkish national, prospective observational study. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:1623-1630. [PMID: 33050804 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220963535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokines have been the mainstay of treatment in metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) for decades before the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape in these patients. This observational study was designed to evaluate use of TKIs in the treatment of cytokine-intolerant mRCC patients. METHODS A total of 151 cytokine-intolerant mRCC patients who were treated with TKIs (sunitinib, pazopanib and sorafenib) were enrolled in this prospective, non-interventional, multi-center observational study at 16 oncology centers across Turkey. Mean (SD) age was 61.3 (11.1) years and 74.8% were males. Data on duration of TKI treatment was the primary outcome measure. Additionally, overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety data were recorded. RESULTS Median duration of treatment was 8.2 months at a median follow up of 17.9 months. ORR and disease control rate were 12.5% and 70.8%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were 7.5 months (95%CI: 6.4-10.4) and 27.3 months (95%CI: 17.6-27.3) with no significant difference among three TKI agents in terms of treatment duration, ORR, PFS and OS. The most common adverse events excluding progression-which was the protocol requirement were diarrhea (13.6%), asthenia (13.6%) and hand-foot syndrome (12.6%). Dose modifications were required in 30.5% of the patients and 15% discontinued TKIs because of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the efficacy and safety profile of TKIs in the first-line treatment of mRCC patients intolerant to cytokine treatment. There was no significant difference among three TKI agents in terms of treatment duration, ORR, PFS and OS.Trial registration: TURCOS ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01585974. Registered April 25, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Benekli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Gumus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Ozkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Faysal Dane
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin T Elkiran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Irfan Cicin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Alper Sevinc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aliustaoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lutfu Kirdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Isikdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Nezih Meydan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Berna Oksuzoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozyilkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Artac
- Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Feyyaz Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Karadeniz Teknik University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Kilickap
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Abstract
The management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved rapidly in recent years with several immunotherapy-based combinations of strategies approved as first-line therapies. Targeted strategies, including systemic antiangiogenesis agents and immune checkpoint blockade, form the basis of a therapeutic approach. With rising rates of recurrence after first-line treatment, it is increasingly important to not only adopt a personalized treatment plan with minimal adverse events but also develop predictive biomarkers for response. This review discusses currently available first-line and second-line therapies in RCC and their pivotal data, with specific focus on ongoing clinical trials in the adjuvant setting, including those involving novel agents.
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24
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Goebell PJ, Ivanyi P, Bedke J, Bergmann L, Berthold D, Boegemann M, Busch J, Doehn C, Krege S, Retz M, Amsberg GV, Grimm MO, Gruenwald V. Consensus paper: current state of first- and second-line therapy in advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2307-2328. [PMID: 32964728 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy of advanced (clear-cell) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has recently experienced tremendous changes. Several new treatments have been developed, with PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibition being the backbone of therapy. Diverse immunotherapy combinations change current first-line standards. These changes also require new approaches in subsequent lines of therapy. In an expert panel, we discussed the new treatment options and how they change clinical practice. While first-line immunotherapies introduce a new level of response rates, data on second-line therapies remains poor. This scenario poses a challenge for clinicians as guideline recommendations are based on historical patient cohorts and agents may lack the appropriate label for their in guidelines recommended use. Here, we summarize relevant clinical data and consider appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Goebell
- Division of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ivanyi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lothar Bergmann
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Medical Clinic II, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Berthold
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Boegemann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Charité-University Medicine, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Krege
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology & Urologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, D-45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Margitta Retz
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Rechts der Isar Medical Center, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology & Hematology, University Cancer Center Hamburg & Martini-Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc-Oliver Grimm
- Department of Urology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Viktor Gruenwald
- Interdisciplinary GU Oncology, Clinic for Medical Oncology & Clinic for Urology, University Hospital Essen, D-45147, Essen, Germany
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25
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Dizman N, Salgia NJ, Bergerot PG, Hsu J, Ruel N, Pal SK. Race/Ethnicity and Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Outcomes for Patients Receiving First Line Targeted Therapies. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: No study to date has assessed the relationship between treatment-specific therapeutic outcomes and race/ethnicity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). As targeted therapies have formed the backbone of first-line treatment options for mRCC until very recently, we assessed the relationship between race/ethnicity and targeted therapy-related outcomes in mRCC. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively compare response rates and survival outcomes across ethnicities in patients who received first-line targeted therapies for mRCC. METHODS: Patients with mRCC receiving a first-line targeted therapy were identified from an institutional database encompassing consecutive patients treated between 2009 and 2019. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were recorded. The racial/ethnic groups included for analysis were Caucasian American, Hispanic American, and Asian American. Survival and response outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were calculated and compared across ethnic groups using Kaplan-Meier method and Chi-square test, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 295 patients were included for analysis. There were 184 (62.4%) Caucasian American patients, 82 (27.8%) Hispanic American patients, and 29 (9.8%) Asian American patients. No statistically significant differences in PFS nor OS were found between groups (PFS: 5.6 vs. 4.7 vs. 4.7 months, respectively) (OS: 32 vs. 31.7 vs. 51.7 months, respectively). No significant difference was found in ORR nor DCR across groups. Univariate cox regression analyses demonstrated no independent effect of race/ethnicity on PFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent lack of differences in treatment-related outcomes across racial/ethnic groups is encouraging. However, further validation is required in larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Dizman
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paulo G. Bergerot
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn Hsu
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nora Ruel
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sumanta K. Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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26
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Tanaka T, Hatakeyama S, Numakura K, Kido K, Noro D, Oikawa M, Hosogoe S, Tokui N, Yamamoto H, Narita S, Ito H, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Kawaguchi T, Habuchi T, Ohyama C. Efficacy and safety of first‐line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective study. Int J Urol 2020; 27:1095-1100. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of Urology Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
| | - Koichi Kido
- Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
| | - Daisuke Noro
- Department of Urology Mutsu General Hospital MutsuJapan
| | - Masaaki Oikawa
- Department of Urology Hakodate Municipal Hospital HakodateJapan
| | - Shogo Hosogoe
- Department of Urology Aomori City Hospital AomoriJapan
| | - Noriko Tokui
- Department of Urology Odate Municipal Hospital OdateJapan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Urology Aomori Rosai Hospital HachinoheJapan
| | - Takahiro Yoneyama
- Department of Advanced Transplant Regenerative Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
| | | | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
- Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
- Department of Advanced Transplant Regenerative Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine HirosakiJapan
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27
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Khetani VV, Portal DE, Shah MR, Mayer T, Singer EA. Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:541-562. [PMID: 32879843 PMCID: PMC7443831 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i8.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) make up about 90% of kidney cancers, of which 80% are of the clear cell subtype. About 20% of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Initial treatment is often cytoreductive nephrectomy, but systemic therapy is required for advanced RCC. Single agent targeted therapies are moderately toxic and only somewhat effective, leading to development of immunotherapies and combination therapies. This review identifies limitations of monotherapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, discusses recent advances in combination therapies, and highlights therapeutic options under development. The goal behind combining various modalities of systemic therapy is to potentiate a synergistic antitumor effect. However, combining targeted therapies may cause increased toxicity. The initial attempts to create therapeutic combinations based on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were largely unsuccessful in achieving a profile of increased synergy without increased toxicity. To date, five combination therapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with the most recently approved therapies being a combination of checkpoint inhibition plus targeted therapy. Several other combination therapies are under development, including some in the phase 3 stage. The new wave of combination therapies for metastatic RCC has the potential to increase response rates and improve survival outcomes while maintaining tolerable side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj V Khetani
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Daniella E Portal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Mansi R Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Tina Mayer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Eric A Singer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
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28
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Salgia NJ, Zengin ZB, Pal SK. Tivozanib in renal cell carcinoma: a new approach to previously treated disease. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920923818. [PMID: 32547647 PMCID: PMC7249546 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920923818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have been a mainstay of the renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
treatment paradigm for the better part of two decades. Multikinase inhibitors of
the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGF-TKIs)
comprise nearly all targeted therapies in RCC, having been prospectively tested
through large, multi-institutional phase III trials. Tivozanib is a VEGF-TKI
with high selectivity for VEGF receptors 1–3. Tivozanib has been under
investigation for nearly 15 years, with a robust portfolio of preclinical and
clinical data. This review seeks to characterize tivozanib within the context of
RCC by highlighting preclinical and early clinical trials alongside the phase
III trials in RCC, TIVO-1, and TIVO-3. We also aim to explore further trials of
tivozanib, whether in combination with other agents and/or in differing disease
settings, while providing insight into the utility of tivozanib as a clinical
tool for the management of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zeynep B Zengin
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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29
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Advancing the Science and Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Bridging the Divide between Academic and Community Practices. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051508. [PMID: 32429554 PMCID: PMC7290777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has rapidly evolved; however, the progress made in the field is heavily contingent upon timely and efficient accrual to clinical trials. While a substantial proportion of accrual occurs at tertiary care centers, community sites are playing an increasing role in patient recruitment. In this article, we discuss strategies to optimize collaborations between academic and community sites to facilitate clinical research. Further, as the role of biomarker discovery has become increasingly important in tailoring therapy, we will discuss opportunities to bridge diverse accrual sites for the purpose of translational research.
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30
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Wei W, Peng R, Kuang L, Xu C, Cao Y, Zeng L, Wen X, Qin Q, Zheng C, Li W, Xia S. Evaluation of immunotherapy and targeted therapy treatment on renal cell carcinoma: A Bayesian network analysis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:261-270. [PMID: 31897138 PMCID: PMC6924115 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have previously assessed various therapies for renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, there is currently a lack of direct comparisons between these therapies. The present study identified published studies on RCC through Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials and Clinical trials.gov that were written in the English language and published by February 2019. The data were selected and extracted independently by two reviewers. Standard pair-wise meta-analyses were performed using Stata. Network meta-analyses were subsequently performed using WinBUGS (version 1.4.3). The primary outcome of the present study was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events of various targeted therapies. The results were presented as cumulative odds ratio, hazard ratio, corresponding 95% confidence interval and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, which was used to rank the probabilities and outcome of each treatment in RCC. A total of 31 eligible publications for 18 randomized controlled trials consisting of 11,498 participants were included in the present study. The network meta-analyses revealed that a combination of lenvantinib and everolimus ranked first out of 16 treatments in terms of PFS, OS and ORR (probability of 54.0, 53.4 and 61.0%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ruihao Peng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lishan Kuang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Luqing Zeng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ximei Wen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Qin
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Cuncai Zheng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Sujian Xia
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Konishi S, Hatakeyama S, Numakura K, Narita S, Inoue T, Saito M, Tokui N, Yamamoto H, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Yoshikawa K, Narita S, Kawaguchi T, Habuchi T, Ohyama C. Validation of the IMDC Prognostic Model in Patients With Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Treated With First-Line Axitinib: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:e1080-e1089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mantia CM, McDermott DF. Vascular endothelial growth factor and programmed death-1 pathway inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2019; 125:4148-4157. [PMID: 31532565 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced renal cell carcinoma has historically carried a poor prognosis with very limited treatment options. However, in recent years, the treatment landscape has changed drastically, with many new therapeutic options and improved survival for patients. Novel treatments consist of molecularly targeted agents against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway as well as the immune checkpoint inhibitors, which stimulate an antitumor immune response. Recent strategy has focused on the development of combination therapy with the use of VEGF inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the first-line setting. As more treatments are approved and the options for therapy expand further, there is a growing need for predictive biomarkers to personalize treatment choices for individual patients. Prospective clinical trials comparing the sequencing of treatments are needed to help determine the best therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene M Mantia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David F McDermott
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Thermosensitive hydrogels for sustained-release of sorafenib and selenium nanoparticles for localized synergistic chemoradiotherapy. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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de Velasco G, Bex A, Albiges L, Powles T, Rini BI, Motzer RJ, Heng DYC, Escudier B. Sequencing and Combination of Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol Oncol 2019; 2:505-514. [PMID: 31377308 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Introduction of additional new agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has completely modified the systemic treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) during the last years. OBJECTIVE A comprehensive (nonsystematic) review to determine the suggested sequence or combinations for the systemic treatment of mRCC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed and abstracts from main conferences up to December 2018 were reviewed to retrieve the current evidence for treatment of mRCC. Search terms included renal cell carcinoma, systemic therapy, targeted therapy (TT), and immunotherapy. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Marked advances in the treatment of mRCC have been made with novel VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and multiple ICIs that have been included in the current treatment paradigm of mRCC. Remarkable advance has been made with the combination of double checkpoint blockade. The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab compared with sunitinib has shown to increase the overall survival in the intermediate- and poor-risk patients based on the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) model. CONCLUSIONS Double checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab and nivolumab has reported overall survival benefit in IMDC intermediate- and poor-risk patients, providing a durable response for a subset of patients. VEGF inhibitors remain the standard of care for favorable-risk patients in the first line. In the immediate future, more consolidated data on combination of VEGF-TT plus ICIs may show similar robust benefit with different safety profiles. PATIENT SUMMARY Multiple drugs and sequences are now accepted as effective treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown to increase the overall survival in treatment-naïve mRCC patients. Combinations of immunotherapy and antiangiogenics may be another option in the near future. Outcomes of the first line will determine the sequence, although the best sequence has yet to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Bex
- Royal Free London NHS Fountation Turst, London, UK; UCL DIvision of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
| | | | | | - Brian I Rini
- Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Limitations to the Therapeutic Potential of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Alternative Therapies for Kidney Cancer. Ochsner J 2019; 19:138-151. [PMID: 31258426 DOI: 10.31486/toj.18.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are the most common primary renal tumor. RCCs have a high rate of metastasis and have the highest mortality rate of all genitourinary cancers. They are often diagnosed late when metastases have developed, and these metastases are difficult to treat successfully. Since 2006, the standard first-line treatment for patients with metastatic RCC has been multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that include mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. RCCs are highly vascularized tumors, and their angiogenesis is controlled by tyrosine kinases that play a vital role in growth factor signaling to stimulate this process. TKI therapy was introduced for direct targeting of angiogenesis in RCC. TKIs have been moderately successful in the treatment of metastatic RCC and initially increased cancer-specific survival times. However, RCC rapidly becomes resistant to TKIs, and no current drug has produced a cure for advanced RCC. Methods: We provide an overview of RCC, explain some reasons for therapy resistance in RCC, and describe some therapies that may overcome resistance to TKIs. The key pathways that determine therapy resistance are illustrated. Results: Factors involved in the development and progression of RCC include genetic mutations, activation of hypoxia-inducible factor and related proteins, cellular metabolism, the tumor microenvironment, and growth factors and their receptors. Resistance to the therapeutic potential of TKIs can be acquired or intrinsic. Alternative therapies include other small molecule drugs and immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade. Conclusion: The treatment of RCC is undergoing a paradigm shift from sole use of small molecule antiangiogenesis TKIs as first-line therapy to include newly approved agents for second-line and third-line therapy that now involve the mTOR pathway and immune checkpoint blockade drugs for patients with advanced RCC.
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36
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Roskoski R. Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:19-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Alonso-Gordoa T, García-Bermejo ML, Grande E, Garrido P, Carrato A, Molina-Cerrillo J. Targeting Tyrosine kinases in Renal Cell Carcinoma: "New Bullets against Old Guys". Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1901. [PMID: 30999623 PMCID: PMC6515337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. The discovery of Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene alterations that arouse in 50% of ccRCC patients, leads the identification of an intracellular accumulation of HIF and, consequently an increase of VEGFR expression. This change in cell biology represents a new paradigm in the treatment of metastatic renal cancer by targeting angiogenesis. Currently, there are multiple therapeutic drugs available for advanced disease, including therapies against VEGFR with successful results in patients´ survival. Other tyrosine kinases' pathways, including PDGFR, Axl or MET have emerged as key signaling pathways involved in RCC biology. Indeed, promising new drugs targeting those tyrosine kinases have exhibited outstanding efficacy. In this review we aim to present an overview of the central role of these tyrosine kinases' activities in relevant biological processes for kidney cancer and their usefulness in RCC targeted therapy development. In the immunotherapy era, angiogenesis is still an "old guy" that the medical community is trying to fight using "new bullets".
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Group and Core Facility, Ramón y Cajal Research Institute, (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Grande
- Medical Oncology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Garrido
- Medical Oncology Department, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS). CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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Yaman S, Bilgin B, Şendur MA, Hızal M, Akıncı MB, Yalçın B. Do tyrosine kinase inhibitors lose favor in treatment of first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma? Future Oncol 2019; 15:925-927. [PMID: 30854890 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samet Yaman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Bilgin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet An Şendur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Hızal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bulent Yalçın
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tsimafeyeu I, Borisov P, Abdelgafur A, Leonenkov R, Novikova O, Guseva I, Demchenkova M, Mikhailova N, Semenov A, Yurmazov Z, Sivunova I, Ramazanova M, Gamayunov S, Kosov D, Bratslavsky G. Phase 2 Multicenter Single-Arm Study of Second-Line Axitinib in Favorable Risk Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: FavorAx. Target Oncol 2019; 14:33-38. [PMID: 30607698 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapy with axitinib resulted in a greater objective response rate and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) compared to sorafenib in patients with previously treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the phase 3 AXIS study, where 75% of patients had intermediate and poor International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk. OBJECTIVE In this phase 2 study (FavorAx), we assessed the activity of axitinib in mRCC patients with a favorable risk and history of prior vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-directed therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were required to have clear-cell mRCC, favorable risk according to IMDC criteria, and to have received first-line treatment with sunitinib or pazopanib. Prior treatment with other agents was not permitted. The primary endpoint of the study was 5 months PFS. Additional endpoints included response rate, safety, PFS, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 21 patients were enrolled, 62% of whom were male. The mean age was 60 years. Eleven (52%) patients had two or more metastatic sites. 67% and 33% of patients received first-line sunitinib or pazopanib, respectively, with a median PFS of 17 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 14-20]. After a median follow-up of 25 months, the median PFS was 19 months (95% CI, 15-23). The current study did achieve its primary endpoint based on the 5-month PFS of 100%. The median OS was not yet reached. The 18 months OS rate was 85.7%. The objective response rate was 33% and one patient achieved a complete response. Seven patients had dose escalation of axitinib and four patients had dose reduction. Grade 3 adverse events were observed in 19% of cases. There was no discontinuation of therapy due to toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The encouraging PFS and favorable safety profile observed in the FavorAx study support the administration of axitinib in mRCC patients with favorable IMDC risk and a history of prior sunitinib or pazopanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Tsimafeyeu
- Kidney Cancer Research Bureau, Mayakovskogo pereulok, 2, 109147, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel Borisov
- City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga Novikova
- Khabarovsk Regional Cancer Center, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irina Sivunova
- Kamchatka Regional Cancer Center, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | | | | | - Dmitry Kosov
- Aston Health Contract Research Organization, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Konishi S, Hatakeyama S, Tanaka T, Ikehata Y, Tanaka T, Fujita N, Ishibashi Y, Yamamoto H, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Yoshikawa K, Kawaguchi T, Masumori N, Kitamura H, Ohyama C. Comparison of axitinib and sunitinib as first-line therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a real-world multicenter analysis. Med Oncol 2018; 36:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sheng X, Bi F, Ren X, Cheng Y, Wang J, Rosbrook B, Jiang M, Guo J. First-line axitinib versus sorafenib in Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: exploratory subgroup analyses of Phase III data. Future Oncol 2018; 15:53-63. [PMID: 30058839 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Efficacy/safety of first-line axitinib in Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. METHODS Patients were assigned (2:1) to 5-mg axitinib (n = 48) or 400-mg sorafenib (n = 24) twice daily. Primary end point was progression-free survival. Objective response rate, overall survival and adverse events were also assessed. RESULTS For axitinib versus sorafenib, hazard ratio for progression-free survival was 0.652 (95% CI: 0.340-1.252; p = 0.0989), objective response rate was higher (35.4 vs 16.7%; p = 0.0495), overall survival longer (hazard ratio: 0.739; 95% CI: 0.397-1.375; p = 0.1683). Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (57.4%), diarrhea (55.3%), hypertension (51.1%) were commonest adverse events with axitinib; palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (50.0%) with sorafenib. CONCLUSION Axitinib improved efficacy in Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma; adverse events were consistent with previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer & Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biology Treatment, Tianjin Oncology Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Jinwan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | | | - Ming Jiang
- Pfizer Oncology Medical Affairs, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer & Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
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42
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Wallis CJD, Klaassen Z, Bhindi B, Ye XY, Chandrasekar T, Farrell AM, Goldberg H, Boorjian SA, Leibovich B, Kulkarni GS, Shah PS, Bjarnason GA, Heng DYC, Satkunasivam R, Finelli A. First-line Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2018; 74:309-321. [PMID: 29656851 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the last decade, there has been a proliferation of treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, direct comparative data are lacking for most of these agents. OBJECTIVE To indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of systemic therapies used in the first-line treatment of mRCC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched using the OvidSP platform for studies indexed from database inception to October 23, 2017. Abstracts of conferences of relevant medical societies were included, and the systematic search was supplemented by hand search. For the systematic review, we identified any parallel-group randomized controlled trials assessing first-line systemic therapy. For network meta-analysis, we limited these to a clinically-relevant network based on standard practice patterns. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary outcome. Overall survival (OS) and grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs) were secondary outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In total, 37 trials reporting on 13 128 patients were included in the systematic review. The network meta-analysis comprised 10 trials reporting on 4819 patients. For PFS (10 trials, 4819 patients), there was a high likelihood (SUCRA 91%) that cabozantinib was the preferred treatment. For OS (5 trials, 3379 patients), there was a 48% chance that nivolumab plus ipilimumab was the preferred option. There was a 67% likelihood that nivolumab plus ipilimumab was the best tolerated regime with respect to AEs. CONCLUSIONS Cabozantinib and nivolumab plus ipilimumab are likely to be the preferred first-line agents for treating mRCC; however, direct comparative studies are warranted. These findings may provide guidance to patients and clinicians when making treatment decisions and may help inform future direct comparative trials. PATIENT SUMMARY There are many treatment options for patients diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We indirectly compared the available options and found that cabozantinib and nivolumab plus ipilimumab are likely to be preferable choices as the first-line treatment in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J D Wallis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bimal Bhindi
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang Y Ye
- MiCare Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann M Farrell
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hanan Goldberg
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Girish S Kulkarni
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georg A Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Y C Heng
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raj Satkunasivam
- Department of Urology and Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Barata PC, Rini BI. Treatment of renal cell carcinoma: Current status and future directions. CA Cancer J Clin 2017; 67:507-524. [PMID: 28961310 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Over the past 12 years, medical treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has transitioned from a nonspecific immune approach (in the cytokine era), to targeted therapy against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and now to novel immunotherapy agents. Multiple agents-including molecules against vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and related receptors; inhibitors of other targets, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin and the MET and AXL tyrosine-protein kinase receptors; and an immune-checkpoint inhibitor-have been approved based on significant activity in patients with advanced RCC. Despite these advances, important questions remain regarding biomarkers of efficacy, patient selection, and the optimal combination and sequencing of agents. The purpose of this review is to summarize present management and future directions in the treatment of metastatic RCC. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:507-524. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Barata
- Experimental Therapeutics Fellow, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brian I Rini
- Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine; and Leader, Genitourinary Program, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
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Bellesoeur A, Carton E, Alexandre J, Goldwasser F, Huillard O. Axitinib in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: design, development, and place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2801-2811. [PMID: 29033542 PMCID: PMC5614734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, the approved first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma consists in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). Axitinib is an oral second-generation TKI and a potent VEGFR inhibitor with a half maximal inhibitory concentration for the VEGF family receptors 10-fold lower than other TKIs. Axitinib activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients has been studied in various settings and particularly as second-line treatment. In this setting, axitinib with clinically based dose escalation compared to sorafenib has demonstrated an improvement in progression-free survival in a randomized Phase III trial leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval. In the first-line setting, axitinib failed to demonstrate improved efficacy over sorafenib, but the field of RCC treatment is rapidly changing with novel TKIs as cabozantinib or the emergence of check point inhibitors as nivolumab and the place of axitinib in therapy is therefore challenged. In this review, we focus on axitinib pharmacological and clinical properties in RCC patients and discuss its place in the treatment of patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edith Carton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Cochin AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Alexandre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Cochin AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Huillard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Cochin AP-HP, Paris, France
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Umeyama Y, Shibasaki Y, Akaza H. Axitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: beyond the second-line setting. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1839-1852. [PMID: 28707479 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma have advanced considerably in the past decade with the approval of several targeted agents, including axitinib. Axitinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFRs 1-3, and is well established as second-line treatment. This article summarizes factors to be considered when administering axitinib, such as individualized dose titration and axitinib-associated adverse events, in order to retain patients longer on treatment, which would likely lead to improved efficacy outcomes. In addition, potential clinical perspectives for axitinib beyond the second-line setting, including its role in the first-line setting, sequential therapy, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, and combination therapy with immunotherapy, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Umeyama
- Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Akaza
- Strategic Investigation on Comprehensive Cancer Network, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies/Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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Oya M, Tomita Y, Fukasawa S, Shinohara N, Habuchi T, Rini BI, Fujii Y, Kamei Y, Umeyama Y, Bair AH, Uemura H. Overall survival of first-line axitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Japanese subgroup analysis from phase II study. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1231-1239. [PMID: 28267243 PMCID: PMC5480076 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Subgroup analyses of a randomized global phase II study of axitinib showed objective response rate of 66% and median progression-free survival of 27.6 months in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This analysis evaluated overall survival (OS) and safety in 44 Japanese patients and compared the results with 169 non-Japanese patients. In addition, baseline characteristics for predictive factors that may influence OS in first-line metastatic RCC were explored in all patients using a Cox proportional hazard model. With median follow-up of 33 months, fewer than half (16 of 44) of the Japanese patients had died and median OS was not reached (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.8 months-not estimable), whereas 107 of 169 (63%) non-Japanese patients had died and median OS was 33.9 months (95% CI, 28.9-42.7). Estimated 1-year, 2-year and 3-year survival probability (95% CI) was 86.4% (76.2-96.5), 75.0% (62.2-87.8) and 68.2% (54.4-81.9), respectively, in Japanese patients, and was higher than that in non-Japanese patients (75.1% [68.4-81.8], 62.1% [54.5-69.7] and 47.2% [39.3-55.1], respectively). The updated safety analysis did not reveal any new adverse events of concern among Japanese or non-Japanese patients. The multivariate analysis identified that lower baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, lower baseline tumor burden, and longer time from histopathological diagnosis to treatment were significant positive predictors of OS. The current analysis confirmed the clinical activity of axitinib in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with metastatic RCC, with an acceptable toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Oya
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Department of UrologyYamagata University Faculty of MedicineYamagataJapan
- Present address: Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigataJapan
| | - Satoshi Fukasawa
- Prostate Center and Division of UrologyChiba Cancer CenterChibaJapan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of UrologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineHokkaidoJapan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of UrologyAkita University School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Brian I. Rini
- Department of Solid Tumor OncologyCleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of UrologyKindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
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Schindler E, Amantea MA, Karlsson MO, Friberg LE. A Pharmacometric Framework for Axitinib Exposure, Efficacy, and Safety in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017; 6:373-382. [PMID: 28378918 PMCID: PMC5488123 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationships between exposure, biomarkers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptors (sVEGFR)-1, -2, -3, and soluble stem cell factor receptor (sKIT)), tumor sum of longest diameters (SLD), diastolic blood pressure (dBP), and overall survival (OS) were investigated in a modeling framework. The dataset included 64 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients (mRCC) treated with oral axitinib. Biomarker timecourses were described by indirect response (IDR) models where axitinib inhibits sVEGFR-1, -2, and -3 production, and VEGF degradation. No effect was identified on sKIT. A tumor model using sVEGFR-3 dynamics as driver predicted SLD data well. An IDR model, with axitinib exposure stimulating the response, characterized dBP increase. In a time-to-event model the SLD timecourse predicted OS better than exposure, biomarker- or dBP-related metrics. This type of framework can be used to relate pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety to long-term clinical outcome in mRCC patients treated with VEGFR inhibitors. (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT00569946.).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schindler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - M O Karlsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L E Friberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Rini BI, Gruenwald V, Jonasch E, Fishman MN, Tomita Y, Michaelson MD, Tarazi J, Cisar L, Hariharan S, Bair AH, Rosbrook B, Hutson TE. Long-term Duration of First-Line Axitinib Treatment in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Target Oncol 2017; 12:333-340. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Brodaczewska KK, Szczylik C, Fiedorowicz M, Porta C, Czarnecka AM. Choosing the right cell line for renal cell cancer research. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:83. [PMID: 27993170 PMCID: PMC5168717 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are still a tool of choice for many fields of biomedical research, including oncology. Although cancer is a very complex disease, many discoveries have been made using monocultures of established cell lines. Therefore, the proper use of in vitro models is crucial to enhance our understanding of cancer. Therapeutics against renal cell cancer (RCC) are also screened with the use of cell lines. Multiple RCC in vitro cultures are available, allowing in vivo heterogeneity in the laboratory, but at the same time, these can be a source of errors. In this review, we tried to sum up the data on the RCC cell lines used currently. An increasing amount of data on RCC shed new light on the molecular background of the disease; however, it revealed how much still needs to be done. As new types of RCC are being distinguished, novel cell lines and the re-exploration of old ones seems to be indispensable to create effective in vitro tools for drug screening and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
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