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Cueto R, Shen W, Liu L, Wang X, Wu S, Mohsin S, Yang L, Khan M, Hu W, Snyder N, Wu Q, Ji Y, Yang XF, Wang H. SAH is a major metabolic sensor mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk in metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103139. [PMID: 38696898 PMCID: PMC11070633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed worsening metabolic crosstalk in mouse models with concomitant metabolic disorders such as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia and in human coronary artery disease by analyzing metabolic profiles. We found that HHcy worsening is most sensitive to other metabolic disorders. To identify metabolic genes and metabolites responsible for the worsening metabolic crosstalk, we examined mRNA levels of 324 metabolic genes in Hcy, glucose-related and lipid metabolic systems. We examined Hcy-metabolites (Hcy, SAH and SAM) by LS-ESI-MS/MS in 6 organs (heart, liver, brain, lung, spleen, and kidney) from C57BL/6J mice. Through linear regression analysis of Hcy-metabolites and metabolic gene mRNA levels, we discovered that SAH-responsive genes were responsible for most metabolic changes and all metabolic crosstalk mediated by Serine, Taurine, and G3P. SAH-responsive genes worsen glucose metabolism and cause upper glycolysis activation and lower glycolysis suppression, indicative of the accumulation of glucose/glycogen and G3P, Serine synthesis inhibition, and ATP depletion. Insufficient Serine due to negative correlation of PHGDH with SAH concentration may inhibit the folate cycle and transsulfurarion pathway and consequential reduced antioxidant power, including glutathione, taurine, NADPH, and NAD+. Additionally, we identified SAH-activated pathological TG loop as the consequence of increased fatty acid (FA) uptake, FA β-oxidation and Ac-CoA production along with lysosomal damage. We concluded that HHcy is most responsive to other metabolic changes in concomitant metabolic disorders and mediates worsening metabolic crosstalk mainly via SAH-responsive genes, that organ-specific Hcy metabolism determines organ-specific worsening metabolic reprogramming, and that SAH, acetyl-CoA, Serine and Taurine are critical metabolites mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk, redox disturbance, hypomethylation and hyperacetylation linking worsening metabolic reprogramming in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cueto
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Liu X, Ding Y, Jiang C, Xin Y, Ma X, Xu M, Wang Q, Hou B, Li Y, Zhang S, Shao B. Astragaloside IV mediates radiation-induced neuronal damage through activation of BDNF-TrkB signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155803. [PMID: 38876008 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic radiation is relevant to human life, and radiation can trigger neurodegenerative diseases by altering the function of the central nervous system through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein degradation. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, activates the BDNF-TrkB pathway and enhances synaptic plasticity in radiated mice, which can exert its neuroprotection. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear. PURPOSE This study investigated whether AS-IV could play a neuroprotective role by regulating BDNF-TrkB pathway in radiation damage and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Transgenic mice (Thy1-YFP line H) were injected with AS-IV (40 mg/kg/day body weight) by intraperitoneal injection daily for 4 weeks, followed by X-rays. PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons were also exposed to UVA after 24 h of AS-IV treatment (25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml) in vitro. The impact of radiation on learning and cognitive functions was visualized in the Morris water maze assay. Subsequently, Immunofluorescence and Golgi-Cox staining analyses were utilized to investigate the structural damage of neuronal dendrites and the density of dendritic spines. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to examine how the radiation affected the ultrastructure of neurons. Finally, western blotting analysis and Quantitative RT-PCR were used to evaluate the expression levels and locations of proteins in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Radiation induced BDNF-TrkB signaling dysregulation and decreased the levels of neuron-related functional genes (Ngf, Bdnf, Gap-43, Ras, Psd-95, Arc, Creb, c-Fos), PSD-95 and F-actin, which subsequently led to damage of neuronal ultrastructure and dendrites, loss of dendritic spines, and decreased dendritic complexity index, contributing to spatial learning and memory deficits. These abnormalities were prevented by AS-IV treatment. In addition, TrkB receptor antagonists antagonized these neuroprotective actions of AS-IV. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone and AS-IV had neuroprotective effects after radiation. CONCLUSION AS-IV inhibits morphological damage of neurons and cognitive dysfunction in mice after radiation exposure, resulting in a neuroprotective effect, which were mediated by activating the BDNF-TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yanping Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Chenxin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Qianhao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Boru Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yingdong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Baoping Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
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Ali A, Milman S, Weiss EF, Gao T, Napolioni V, Barzilai N, Zhang ZD, Lin JR. Rare genetic coding variants associated with age-related episodic memory decline implicate distinct memory pathologies in the hippocampus. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.21.24307692. [PMID: 38826255 PMCID: PMC11142267 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.24307692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Approximately 40% of people aged 65 or older experience memory loss, particularly in episodic memory. Identifying the genetic basis of episodic memory decline is crucial for uncovering its underlying causes. Methods We investigated common and rare genetic variants associated with episodic memory decline in 742 (632 for rare variants) Ashkenazi Jewish individuals (mean age 75) from the LonGenity study. All-atom MD simulations were performed to uncover mechanistic insights underlying rare variants associated with episodic memory decline. Results In addition to the common polygenic risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), we identified and replicated rare variant association in ITSN1 and CRHR2 . Structural analyses revealed distinct memory pathologies mediated by interfacial rare coding variants such as impaired receptor activation of corticotropin releasing hormone and dysregulated L-serine synthesis. Discussion Our study uncovers novel risk loci for episodic memory decline. The identified underlying mechanisms point toward heterogeneous memory pathologies mediated by rare coding variants.
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Guan S, Li Y, Xin Y, Wang D, Lu P, Han F, Xu H. Deciphering the dual role of N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176520. [PMID: 38527701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following surgery, adversely impacting patients' recovery, increasing the risk of negative outcomes, prolonged hospitalization, and higher mortality rates. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, crucial for learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, plays a significant role in the development of POCD. Various perioperative factors, including age and anesthetic use, can reduce NMDA receptor function, while surgical stress, inflammation, and pain may lead to its excessive activation. This review consolidates preclinical and clinical research to explore the intricate relationship between perioperative factors affecting NMDA receptor functionality and the onset of POCD. It discusses the influence of aging, anesthetic administration, perioperative injury, pain, and inflammation on the NMDA receptor-related pathophysiology of POCD. The comprehensive analysis presented aims to identify effective treatment targets for POCD, contributing to the improvement of patient outcomes post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yueyang Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Danning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fanglong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiangyang, 441003, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Bou Ghanem GO, Wareham LK, Calkins DJ. Addressing neurodegeneration in glaucoma: Mechanisms, challenges, and treatments. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101261. [PMID: 38527623 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. The disease causes vision loss due to neurodegeneration of the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projection to the brain through the optic nerve. Glaucoma is associated with sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). Thus, mainstay treatments seek to manage IOP, though many patients continue to lose vision. To address neurodegeneration directly, numerous preclinical studies seek to develop protective or reparative therapies that act independently of IOP. These include growth factors, compounds targeting metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, and neuromodulators. Despite success in experimental models, many of these approaches fail to translate into clinical benefits. Several factors contribute to this challenge. Firstly, the anatomic structure of the optic nerve head differs between rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Additionally, animal models do not replicate the complex glaucoma pathophysiology in humans. Therefore, to enhance the success of translating these findings, we propose two approaches. First, thorough evaluation of experimental targets in multiple animal models, including nonhuman primates, should precede clinical trials. Second, we advocate for combination therapy, which involves using multiple agents simultaneously, especially in the early and potentially reversible stages of the disease. These strategies aim to increase the chances of successful neuroprotective treatment for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi O Bou Ghanem
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lauren K Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - David J Calkins
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Altay O, Yang H, Yildirim S, Bayram C, Bolat I, Oner S, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Hacimuftuoglu A, Shoaie S, Zhang C, Borén J, Uhlén M, Turkez H, Mardinoglu A. Combined Metabolic Activators with Different NAD+ Precursors Improve Metabolic Functions in the Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:927. [PMID: 38672280 PMCID: PMC11048203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities are acknowledged as significant factors in the onset of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our research has demonstrated that the use of combined metabolic activators (CMA) may alleviate metabolic dysfunctions and stimulate mitochondrial metabolism. Therefore, the use of CMA could potentially be an effective therapeutic strategy to slow down or halt the progression of PD and AD. CMAs include substances such as the glutathione precursors (L-serine and N-acetyl cysteine), the NAD+ precursor (nicotinamide riboside), and L-carnitine tartrate. METHODS Here, we tested the effect of two different formulations, including CMA1 (nicotinamide riboside, L-serine, N-acetyl cysteine, L-carnitine tartrate), and CMA2 (nicotinamide, L-serine, N-acetyl cysteine, L-carnitine tartrate), as well as their individual components, on the animal models of AD and PD. We assessed the brain and liver tissues for pathological changes and immunohistochemical markers. Additionally, in the case of PD, we performed behavioral tests and measured responses to apomorphine-induced rotations. FINDINGS Histological analysis showed that the administration of both CMA1 and CMA2 formulations led to improvements in hyperemia, degeneration, and necrosis in neurons for both AD and PD models. Moreover, the administration of CMA2 showed a superior effect compared to CMA1. This was further corroborated by immunohistochemical data, which indicated a reduction in immunoreactivity in the neurons. Additionally, notable metabolic enhancements in liver tissues were observed using both formulations. In PD rat models, the administration of both formulations positively influenced the behavioral functions of the animals. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that the administration of both CMA1 and CMA2 markedly enhanced metabolic and behavioral outcomes, aligning with neuro-histological observations. These findings underscore the promise of CMA2 administration as an effective therapeutic strategy for enhancing metabolic parameters and cognitive function in AD and PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Altay
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (I.B.)
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (I.B.)
| | - Sena Oner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.O.); (O.O.T.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.O.); (O.O.T.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.O.); (O.O.T.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
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Zhou X, Xiao Q, Liu Y, Chen S, Xu X, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Shao J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Yang F, Tu J. Astrocyte-mediated regulation of BLA WFS1 neurons alleviates risk-assessment deficits in DISC1-N mice. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00235-6. [PMID: 38642554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Assessing and responding to threats is vital in everyday life. Unfortunately, many mental illnesses involve impaired risk assessment, affecting patients, families, and society. The brain processes behind these behaviors are not well understood. We developed a transgenic mouse model (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 [DISC1]-N) with a disrupted avoidance response in risky settings. Our study utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing and path-clamp coupling with real-time RT-PCR to uncover a previously undescribed group of glutamatergic neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) marked by Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) expression, whose activity is modulated by adjacent astrocytes. These neurons in DISC1-N mice exhibited diminished firing ability and impaired communication with the astrocytes. Remarkably, optogenetic activation of these astrocytes reinstated neuronal excitability via D-serine acting on BLAWFS1 neurons' NMDA receptors, leading to improved risk-assessment behavior in the DISC1-N mice. Our findings point to BLA astrocytes as a promising target for treating risk-assessment dysfunctions in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaohui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xirong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuchuan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jie Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Lu LP, Chang WH, Mao YW, Cheng MC, Zhuang XY, Kuo CS, Lai YA, Shih TM, Chou TY, Tsai GE. The Development of a Regulator of Human Serine Racemase for N-Methyl-D-aspartate Function. Biomedicines 2024; 12:853. [PMID: 38672207 PMCID: PMC11048566 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function bivalently depending on the central nervous system (CNS) conditions. CNS disorders with NMDA hyperfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of neurotoxic and/or neurodegenerative disorders with elevated D-serine, one of the NMDA receptor co-agonists. On the contrary, NMDA-enhancing agents have been demonstrated to improve psychotic symptoms and cognition in CNS disorders with NMDA hypofunction. Serine racemase (SR), the enzyme regulating both D- and L-serine levels through both racemization (catalysis from L-serine to D-serine) and β-elimination (degradation of both D- and L-serine), emerges as a promising target for bidirectional regulation of NMDA function. In this study, we explored using dimethyl malonate (DMM), a pro-drug of the SR inhibitor malonate, to modulate NMDA activity in C57BL/6J male mice via intravenous administration. Unexpectedly, 400 mg/kg DMM significantly elevated, rather than decreased (as a racemization inhibitor), D-serine levels in the cerebral cortex and plasma. This outcome prompted us to investigate the regulatory effects of dodecagalloyl-α-D-xylose (α12G), a synthesized tannic acid analog, on SR activity. Our findings showed that α12G enhanced the racemization activity of human SR by about 8-fold. The simulated and fluorescent assay of binding affinity suggested a noncooperative binding close to the catalytic residues, Lys56 and Ser84. Moreover, α12G treatment can improve behaviors associated with major CNS disorders with NMDA hypofunction including hyperactivity, prepulse inhibition deficit, and memory impairment in animal models of positive symptoms and cognitive impairment of psychosis. In sum, our findings suggested α12G is a potential therapeutic for treating CNS disorders with NMDA hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Lu
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Chang
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
| | - Yi-Wen Mao
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
| | - Min-Chi Cheng
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhuang
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
| | - Chi-Sheng Kuo
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
| | - Yi-An Lai
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
| | - Tsai-Miao Shih
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Precision Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Guochuan Emil Tsai
- Department of Research and Development, SyneuRx International (Taiwan) Corp., New Taipei 221416, Taiwan; (L.-P.L.); (W.-H.C.); (Y.-W.M.); (M.-C.C.); (X.-Y.Z.); (C.-S.K.); (Y.-A.L.); (T.-M.S.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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9
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Zimmer TS, Orr AL, Orr AG. Astrocytes in selective vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:289-302. [PMID: 38521710 PMCID: PMC11006581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Selective vulnerability of specific brain regions and cell populations is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Mechanisms of selective vulnerability involve neuronal heterogeneity, functional specializations, and differential sensitivities to stressors and pathogenic factors. In this review we discuss the growing body of literature suggesting that, like neurons, astrocytes are heterogeneous and specialized, respond to and integrate diverse inputs, and induce selective effects on brain function. In disease, astrocytes undergo specific, context-dependent changes that promote different pathogenic trajectories and functional outcomes. We propose that astrocytes contribute to selective vulnerability through maladaptive transitions to context-divergent phenotypes that impair specific brain regions and functions. Further studies on the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in disease may provide new therapeutic approaches to enhance resilience against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Zimmer
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam L Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna G Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Liang J, Wang Y, Liu B, Dong X, Cai W, Zhang N, Zhang H. Deciphering the intricate linkage between the gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: Elucidating mechanistic pathways promising therapeutic strategies. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14704. [PMID: 38584341 PMCID: PMC10999574 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is composed of various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and constitutes an important part of the human gut. Its composition is closely related to human health and disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease whose underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Recent research has shown that there are significant differences in the gut microbiota between AD patients and healthy individuals. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota may lead to the development of harmful factors associated with AD. In addition, the gut microbiota may play a role in the development and progression of AD through the gut-brain axis. However, the exact nature of this relationship has not been fully understood. AIMS This review will elucidate the types and functions of gut microbiota and their relationship with AD and explore in depth the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in the occurrence of AD and the prospects for treatment strategies. METHODS Reviewed literature from PubMed and Web of Science using key terminologies related to AD and the gut microbiome. RESULTS Research indicates that the gut microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the occurrence and progression of AD through metabolites, endotoxins, and the vagus nerve. DISCUSSION This review discusses the future challenges and research directions regarding the gut microbiota in AD. CONCLUSION While many unresolved issues remain regarding the gut microbiota and AD, the feasibility and immense potential of treating AD by modulating the gut microbiota are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Jiamusi CollegeHeilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiamusiHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Wenhui Cai
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Jiamusi Central HospitalJiamusiHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
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11
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Cohen J, Mathew A, Dourvetakis KD, Sanchez-Guerrero E, Pangeni RP, Gurusamy N, Aenlle KK, Ravindran G, Twahir A, Isler D, Sosa-Garcia SR, Llizo A, Bested AC, Theoharides TC, Klimas NG, Kempuraj D. Recent Research Trends in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2024; 13:511. [PMID: 38534355 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions of these disease pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These disorders show dysregulated neuroimmune and inflammatory responses, including activation of neurons, glial cells, and neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, as well as entry of inflammatory mediators through damaged neurovascular endothelial cells, blood-brain barrier and tight junction proteins. Activation of glial cells and immune cells leads to the release of many inflammatory and neurotoxic molecules that cause neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Gulf War Illness (GWI) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are chronic disorders that are also associated with neuroimmune dysfunctions. Currently, there are no effective disease-modifying therapeutic options available for these diseases. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells and pericytes are currently used for many disease models for drug discovery. This review highlights certain recent trends in neuroinflammatory responses and iPSC-derived brain cell applications in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cohen
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Annette Mathew
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Kirk D Dourvetakis
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Estella Sanchez-Guerrero
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rajendra P Pangeni
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Kristina K Aenlle
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- Miami VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Geeta Ravindran
- Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Assma Twahir
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Dylan Isler
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sara Rukmini Sosa-Garcia
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Axel Llizo
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Alison C Bested
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nancy G Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- Miami VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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12
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Kim H, Choi S, Lee E, Koh W, Lee CJ. Tonic NMDA Receptor Currents in the Brain: Regulation and Cognitive Functions. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01147-8. [PMID: 38490367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Synaptically localized NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in important cognitive functions by mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. In contrast, a tonic NMDAR current, thought to be mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs, has a less clear function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tonic NMDAR currents, focusing on their roles in synaptic transmission/plasticity and their impact on cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders. We discuss the roles of 3 endogenous ligands (i.e., glutamate, glycine, and D-serine) and receptors in mediating tonic NMDAR currents and explore the diverse mechanisms that regulate tonic NMDAR currents. In light of recent controversies surrounding the source of D-serine, we highlight the recent findings suggesting that astrocytes release D-serine to modulate tonic NMDAR currents and control cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, we propose distinct roles of neuronal and astrocytic D-serine in different locations and their implications for synaptic regulation and cognitive functions. The potential roles of tonic NMDAR currents in various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, are discussed in the context of the NMDAR hypofunction hypothesis. By presenting the mechanisms by which various cells, particularly astrocytes, regulate tonic NMDAR currents, we aim to stimulate future research in NMDAR hypofunction- or hyperfunction-related psychiatric disorders. This review not only provides a better understanding of the complex interplay between tonic NMDAR currents and cognitive functions but also sheds light on its potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunyeong Choi
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Euisun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
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13
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Wu D, Zhang K, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Guan K, Sun F, Huang C. A comprehensive review on signaling attributes of serine and serine metabolism in health and disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129607. [PMID: 38253153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Serine is a metabolite with ever-expanding metabolic and non-metabolic signaling attributes. By providing one‑carbon units for macromolecule biosynthesis and functional modifications, serine and serine metabolism largely impinge on cellular survival and function. Cancer cells frequently have a preference for serine metabolic reprogramming to create a conducive metabolic state for survival and aggressiveness, making intervention of cancer-associated rewiring of serine metabolism a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Beyond providing methyl donors for methylation in modulation of innate immunity, serine metabolism generates formyl donors for mitochondrial tRNA formylation which is required for mitochondrial function. Interestingly, fully developed neurons lack the machinery for serine biosynthesis and rely heavily on astrocytic l-serine for production of d-serine to shape synaptic plasticity. Here, we recapitulate recent discoveries that address the medical significance of serine and serine metabolism in malignancies, mitochondrial-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Metabolic control and epigenetic- and posttranslational regulation of serine metabolism are also discussed. Given the metabolic similarities between cancer cells, neurons and germ cells, we further propose the relevance of serine metabolism in testicular homeostasis. Our work provides valuable hints for future investigations that will lead to a deeper understanding of serine and serine metabolism in cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | | | - Kaifeng Guan
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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14
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Wang H, Qiu Y, Lin J, Wu W, Wang N, Dong W, Wan J, Chen C, Li S, Zheng H, Wu Y. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity injury mediated by SIRT1 downregulation is involved in chronic pain-related cognitive dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14410. [PMID: 37592394 PMCID: PMC10848102 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic pain may be caused by impaired synaptic plasticity. Considering the impact of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) on synaptic plasticity, we explored the exact role of SIRT1 in cognitive impairment caused by chronic pain. METHODS We evaluated the memory ability of mice with the fear conditioning test (FCT) after spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the expression levels of SIRT1. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was detected with Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, and long-term potentiation (LTP). In the intervention study, AAV9-CaMKIIα-Cre-EGFP was injected to SIRT1flox/flox mice to knockdown the expression levels of SIRT1. Besides, SNI mice were injected with AAV2/9-CaMKIIα-SIRT1-3*Flag-GFP or SRT1720 to increase the expression levels or enzymatic activity of SIRT1. RESULTS Our current results indicated that cognitive function in SNI mice was impaired, SIRT1 expression in glutaminergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area was downregulated, and synaptic plasticity was altered. Selective knockdown of SIRT1 in hippocampus damaged synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of healthy mice. In addition, the impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction of SNI mice could be improved by the upregulation of SIRT1 expression or enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS Reduced SIRT1 expression in hippocampus of SNI mice may induce cognitive impairment associated with chronic pain by mediating the impaired synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Qiang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Haibi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yongkang Qiu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jiatao Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wei Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology/NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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15
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Zhang X, Zheng H, Ni Z, Shen Y, Wang D, Li W, Zhao L, Li C, Gao H. Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviates diabetes-induced cognitive decline. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad502. [PMID: 38220573 PMCID: PMC10839844 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes damage to the central nervous system, resulting in cognitive impairment. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exhibits the potential to alleviate neurodegeneration. However, the therapeutic effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) FGF21 infusion on diabetes-induced cognitive decline (DICD) and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the impact of FGF21 on DICD was explored, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics plus 13C NMR spectroscopy in combine with intravenous [1-13C]-glucose infusion were used to investigate the underlying metabolic mechanism. Results revealed that i.c.v FGF21 infusion effectively improved learning and memory performance of DICD mice; neuron loss and apoptosis in hippocampus and cortex were significantly blocked, suggesting a potential neuroprotective role of FGF21 in DICD. Metabolomics results revealed that FGF21 modulated DICD metabolic alterations related to glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism, which are characterized by distinct recovered enrichment of [3-13C]-lactate, [3-13C]-aspartate, [4-13C]-glutamine, [3-13C]-glutamine, [4-13C]-glutamate, and [4-13C]- γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from [1-13C]-glucose. Moreover, diabetes-induced neuron injury and metabolic dysfunctions might be mediated by PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway inactivation in the hippocampus and cortex, which were activated by i.c.v injection of FGF21. These findings indicate that i.c.v FGF21 infusion exerts its neuroprotective effect on DICD by remodeling cerebral glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhitao Ni
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuyin Shen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Die Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chen Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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16
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Bai YZ, Li JM, Zhang SQ. Potential novel mechanism of selenium on cognition. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:249-251. [PMID: 37698770 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia-Meng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
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17
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Yang C, Pan RY, Guan F, Yuan Z. Lactate metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:69-74. [PMID: 37488846 PMCID: PMC10479854 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis, was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect. Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions. The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has clarified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system. Moreover, protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription, cellular functions, and disease development. This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases, thus providing optimal perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Yang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Yuan Pan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhang XQ, Xu L, Zhu XY, Tang ZH, Dong YB, Yu ZP, Shang Q, Wang ZC, Shen HW. D-serine reconstitutes synaptic and intrinsic inhibitory control of pyramidal neurons in a neurodevelopmental mouse model for schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8255. [PMID: 38086803 PMCID: PMC10716516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia constitutes the theoretical basis for the translational application of NMDAR co-agonist D-serine or its analogs. However, the cellular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of D-serine remains unclear. In this study, we utilize a mouse neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia that mimics prenatal pathogenesis and exhibits hypoexcitability of parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons, as well as PV-preferential NMDAR dysfunction. We find that D-serine restores excitation/inhibition balance by reconstituting both synaptic and intrinsic inhibitory control of cingulate pyramidal neurons through facilitating PV excitability and activating small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels in pyramidal neurons, respectively. Either amplifying inhibitory drive via directly strengthening PV neuron activity or inhibiting pyramidal excitability via activating SK channels is sufficient to improve cognitive function in this model. These findings unveil a dual mechanism for how D-serine improves cognitive function in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zi-Hang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yi-Bei Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Qing Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zheng-Chun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Hao-Wei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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19
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Um KB, Kwak S, Cheon SH, Kim J, Hwang SK. AST-001 Improves Social Deficits and Restores Dopamine Neuron Activity in a Mouse Model of Autism. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3283. [PMID: 38137504 PMCID: PMC10741043 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behavior, and interests. The core symptoms of ASD are associated with deficits in mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways that project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). AST-001 is an investigational product currently in a phase 3 clinical trial for treating the core symptoms of ASD, with L-serine as the API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). Because the causes of ASD are extremely heterogeneous, a single genetic ASD model cannot represent all autism models. In this paper, we used the VPA-exposed model, which is more general and widely used than a single genetic model, but this is also one of the animal models of autism. Herein, we conducted experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of AST-001 as L-Serine that alters the regulation of the firing rate in dopamine neurons by inhibiting small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels). Through these actions, AST-001 improved sociability and social novelty by rescuing the intrinsic excitabilities of dopamine neurons in VPA-exposed ASD mouse models that showed ASD-related behavioral abnormalities. It is thought that this effect of improving social deficits in VPA-exposed ASD mouse models is due to AST-001 normalizing aberrant SK channel activities that slowed VTA dopamine neuron firing. Overall, these findings suggest that AST-001 may be a potential therapeutic agent for ASD patients, and that its mechanism of action may involve the regulation of dopamine neuron activity and the improvement of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Bum Um
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Soyoung Kwak
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Sun-Ha Cheon
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - JuHyun Kim
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abreu DS, Gomes JI, Ribeiro FF, Diógenes MJ, Sebastião AM, Vaz SH. Astrocytes control hippocampal synaptic plasticity through the vesicular-dependent release of D-serine. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1282841. [PMID: 38145284 PMCID: PMC10740624 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1282841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), sense synaptic activity and respond through the release of gliotransmitters, a process mediated by intracellular Ca2+ level changes and SNARE-dependent mechanisms. Ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are activated by glutamate along with D-serine or glycine, play a crucial role in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. However, the precise impact of astrocyte-released D-serine on neuronal modulation remains insufficiently characterized. To address this, we have used the dominant negative SNARE (dnSNARE) mouse model, which selectively inhibits SNARE-dependent exocytosis from astrocytes. We recorded field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in CA3-CA1 synapses within hippocampal slices obtained from dnSNARE mice and wild-type (Wt) littermates. Our results demonstrate that hippocampal θ-burst long-term potentiation (LTP), a critical form of synaptic plasticity, is impaired in hippocampal slices from dnSNARE mice. Notably, this LTP impairment was rescued upon incubation with D-serine. To further investigate the involvement of astrocytes in D-serine-mediated mechanisms of LTP maintenance, we perfused hippocampal slices with L-serine - a substrate used by both neurons and astrocytes for D-serine production. The enhancement in LTP observed in dnSNARE mice was exclusively associated with D-serine presence, with no effects evident in the presence of L-serine. Additionally, both D- and L-serine reduced basal synaptic strength in the hippocampal slices of both Wt and dnSNARE mice. These results provide compelling evidence that distinct processes underlie the modulation of basal synaptic transmission and LTP through D-serine. Our findings underscore the pivotal contribution of astrocytes in D-serine-mediated processes that govern LTP establishment and basal transmission. This study not only provides essential insights into the intricate interplay between neurons and astrocytes but also emphasizes their collective role in shaping hippocampal synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sofia Abreu
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa F. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Diógenes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra H. Vaz
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Zeng X, Cheung SKK, Shi M, Or PMY, Li Z, Liu JYH, Ho WLH, Liu T, Lu K, Rudd JA, Wang Y, Chan AM. Astrocyte-specific knockout of YKL-40/Chi3l1 reduces Aβ burden and restores memory functions in 5xFAD mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:290. [PMID: 38042775 PMCID: PMC10693711 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal attrition are highly correlated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. YKL-40 is a secreted astrocytic glycoprotein that serves as a diagnostic biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. High levels of YKL-40 are associated with either advanced Alzheimer's disease or the normal aging process. However, the functional role of YKL-40 in Alzheimer's disease development has not been firmly established. In a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, we observed increased YKL-40 expression in the cerebrospinal fluid of 7-month-old mice and was correlated with activated astrocytes. In primary astrocytes, Aβ1-42 upregulated YKL-40 in a dose-dependent manner and was correlated with PI3-K signaling pathway activation. Furthermore, primary neurons treated with YKL-40 and/or Aβ1-42 resulted in significant synaptic degeneration, reduced dendritic complexity, and impaired electrical parameters. More importantly, astrocyte-specific knockout of YKL-40 over a period of 7 days in symptomatic 5xFAD mice could effectively reduce amyloid plaque deposition in multiple brain regions. This was also associated with attenuated glial activation, reduced neuronal attrition, and restored memory function. These biological phenotypes could be explained by enhanced uptake of Aβ1-42 peptides, increased rate of Aβ1-42 degradation and acidification of lysosomal compartment in YKL-40 knockout astrocytes. Our results provide new insights into the role of YKL-40 in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and demonstrate the potential of targeting this soluble biomarker to alleviate cognitive defects in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zeng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stanley K K Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengqi Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Penelope M Y Or
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhining Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Julia Y H Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne L H Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - John A Rudd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Andrew M Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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22
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Souza INDO, Roychaudhuri R, de Belleroche J, Mothet JP. d-Amino acids: new clinical pathways for brain diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:1014-1028. [PMID: 37770379 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Free d-amino acids (d-AAs) are emerging as a novel and important class of signaling molecules in many organs, including the brain and endocrine systems. There has been considerable progress in our understanding of the fundamental roles of these atypical messengers, with increasingly recognized implications in a wide range of neuropathologies, including schizophrenia (SCZ), epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), substance abuse, and chronic pain, among others. Research has enabled the discovery that d-serine, d-aspartate and more recently d-cysteine are essential for the healthy development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). We discuss recent progress that has profoundly transformed our vision of numerous physiological processes but has also shown how d-AAs are now offering therapeutic promise in clinical settings for several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Nem de Oliveira Souza
- Biophotonics and Synapse Physiopathology Team, Laboratoire LuMIn UMR9024 Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Birth Defects, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jacqueline de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Biophotonics and Synapse Physiopathology Team, Laboratoire LuMIn UMR9024 Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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23
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Mony L, Paoletti P. Mechanisms of NMDA receptor regulation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102815. [PMID: 37988826 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels widely expressed in the central nervous system that play key role in brain development and plasticity. On the downside, NMDAR dysfunction, be it hyperactivity or hypofunction, is harmful to neuronal function and has emerged as a common theme in various neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Not surprisingly, NMDAR signaling is under a complex set of regulatory mechanisms that maintain NMDAR-mediated transmission in check. These include an unusual large number of endogenous agents that directly bind NMDARs and tune their activity in a subunit-dependent manner. Here, we review current knowledge on the regulation of NMDAR signaling. We focus on the regulation of the receptor by its microenvironment as well as by external (i.e. pharmacological) factors and their underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Recent developments showing how NMDAR dysregulation participate to disease mechanisms are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Mony
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005 Paris, France.
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24
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Bai Q, Sun D, Zeng Y, Zhu J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhou X, Ye L, Tang Y, Liu Y, Morozova-Roche LA. Effect of Proinflammatory S100A9 Protein on Migration and Proliferation of Microglial Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:983-995. [PMID: 37947991 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease affecting aging population worldwide. Neuroinflammation became a focus of research as one of the major pathologic processes relating to the disease onset and progression. Proinflammatory S100A9 is the central culprit in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade implicated in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. We studied the effect of S100A9 on microglial BV-2 cell proliferation and migration. The responses of BV-2 cells to S100A9 stimulation were monitored in real-time using live cell microscopy, transcriptome sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, and ELISA. We observed that a low dose of S100A9 promotes migration and proliferation of BV-2 cells. However, acute inflammatory condition (i.e., high S100A9 doses) causes diminished cell viability; it is uncovered that S100A9 activates TLR-4 and TLR-7 signaling pathways, leading to TNF-α and IL-6 expression, which affect BV-2 cell migration and proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the effects of S100A9 are not only inhibited by TNF-α and IL-6 antibodies. The addition of amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-40 peptide resumes the capacities of BV-2 cells to the level of low S100A9 concentrations. Based on these results, we conclude that in contrast to the beneficial effects of low S100A9 dose, high S100A9 concentration leads to impaired mobility and proliferation of immune cells, reflecting neurotoxicity at acute inflammatory conditions. However, the formation of Aβ plaques may be a natural mechanism that rescues cells from the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of S100A9, especially considering that inflammation is one of the primary causes of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Bai
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhang
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, China.
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25
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Iyer AK, Schoch KM, Verbeck A, Galasso G, Chen H, Smith S, Oldenborg A, Miller TM, Karch CM, Bonni A. Targeted ASO-mediated Atp1a2 knockdown in astrocytes reduces SOD1 aggregation and accelerates disease onset in mutant SOD1 mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294731. [PMID: 38015828 PMCID: PMC10683999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-specific ion pump α2-Na+/K+-ATPase plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we test the effect of Atp1a2 mRNA-specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to induce α2-Na+/K+-ATPase knockdown in the widely used ALS animal model, SOD1*G93A mice. Two ASOs led to efficient Atp1a2 knockdown and significantly reduced SOD1 aggregation in vivo. Although Atp1a2 ASO-treated mice displayed no off-target or systemic toxicity, the ASO-treated mice exhibited an accelerated disease onset and shorter lifespan than control mice. Transcriptomics studies reveal downregulation of genes involved in oxidative response, metabolic pathways, trans-synaptic signaling, and upregulation of genes involved in glutamate receptor signaling and complement activation, suggesting a potential role for these molecular pathways in de-coupling SOD1 aggregation from survival in Atp1a2 ASO-treated mice. Together, these results reveal a role for α2-Na+/K+-ATPase in SOD1 aggregation and highlight the critical effect of temporal modulation of genetically validated therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami K. Iyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Schoch
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anthony Verbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Grant Galasso
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sarah Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anna Oldenborg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Azad Bonni
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Del Prado L, Balsa E. Metabolic remodeling in astrocytes: Paving the path to brain tumor development. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106327. [PMID: 37839712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly metabolic organ, composed of multiple cell classes, that controls crucial functions of the body. Although neurons have traditionally been the main protagonist, astrocytes have gained significant attention over the last decade. In this regard, astrocytes are a type of glial cells that have recently emerged as critical regulators of central nervous system (CNS) function and play a significant role in maintaining brain energy metabolism. However, in certain scenarios, astrocyte behavior can go awry, which poses a significant threat to brain integrity and function. This is definitively the case for mutations that turn normal astrocytes and astrocytic precursors into gliomas, an aggressive type of brain tumor. In addition, healthy astrocytes can interact with tumor cells, becoming part of the tumor microenvironment and influencing disease progression. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence suggesting that disturbed metabolism in astrocytes can contribute to the development and progression of fatal human diseases such as cancer. Emphasis is placed on detailing the molecular bases and metabolic pathways of this disease and highlighting unique metabolic vulnerabilities that can potentially be exploited to develop successful therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Del Prado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Balsa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Barros LF. Glial metabolism checkpoints memory. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1852-1853. [PMID: 37932429 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Felipe Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos-CECs, Valdivia, Chile.
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile.
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28
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Verkhratsky A, Butt A, Li B, Illes P, Zorec R, Semyanov A, Tang Y, Sofroniew MV. Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:396. [PMID: 37828019 PMCID: PMC10570367 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder outcome. Pathophysiological changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of functions. Astroglia respond to external, non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure, molecular expression, and function. In addition, internally driven, cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS pathologies. Astroglial pathophysiology is complex, with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder, disorder-stage, comorbidities, age, and sex. Here, we classify astroglial pathophysiology into (i) reactive astrogliosis, (ii) astroglial atrophy with loss of function, (iii) astroglial degeneration and death, and (iv) astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive disease. We review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders, including neurotrauma, stroke, neuroinfection, autoimmune attack and epilepsy, as well as neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Characterising cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Arthur Butt
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica Biomedical, Lab Cell Engineering, Technology Park, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, 314033, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Kinoshita K, Otsuka R, Takada M, Nishita Y, Tange C, Jinzu H, Suzuki K, Shimokata H, Imaizumi A, Arai H. Dietary amino acid intake and sleep duration are additively involved in future cognitive decline in Japanese adults aged 60 years or over: a community-based longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:653. [PMID: 37821805 PMCID: PMC10568860 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep duration and amino acid intake are independently associated with cognitive decline. This study aimed to determine the longitudinal association between sleep duration and cognitive impairment incidence and to examine the involvement of diet, particularly amino acid intake, in these associations in community dwellers. METHODS In this longitudinal study in a community-based setting, we analyzed data from 623 adults aged 60-83 years without cognitive impairment at baseline. Sleep duration was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Amino acid intake was assessed using 3-day dietary records. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤ 27. Participants were classified into short-, moderate-, and long-sleep groups according to baseline sleep duration (≤ 6, 7-8, and > 8 h, respectively). Using moderate sleep as a reference, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of short- and long-sleep for cognitive-impairment incidence were estimated using the generalized estimating equation. Participants were classified according to sex-stratified quartiles (Q) of 19 amino acid intake: Q1 and Q2-Q4 were low- and middle to high-intake groups, respectively. Using middle- to high-intake as a reference, ORs and 95% CIs of low intake for cognitive impairment incidence were estimated using the generalized estimating equation in each sleep-duration group. Follow-up period, sex, age, body mass index, depressive symptoms, education, smoking status, employment status, sleep aids use, physical activity, medical history, and Mini-Mental State Examination score at baseline were covariates. RESULTS Mean follow-up period was 6.9 ± 2.1 years. Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for cognitive impairment in short- and long-sleep groups were 0.81 (0.49-1.35, P = 0.423) and 1.41 (1.05-1.87, P = 0.020), respectively. Particularly in long sleepers (i.e., > 8 h), cognitive impairment was significantly associated with low cystine, proline, and serine intake [adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for cognitive impairment were 2.17 (1.15-4.11, P = 0.017), 1.86 (1.07-3.23, P = 0.027), and 2.21 (1.14-4.29, P = 0.019), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 60 years who sleep longer are more likely to have cognitive decline, and attention should be paid to the low cystine, proline, and serine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kinoshita
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takada
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Jinzu
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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30
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Conger KO, Chidley C, Ozgurses ME, Zhao H, Kim Y, Semina SE, Burns P, Rawat V, Sheldon R, Ben-Sahra I, Frasor J, Sorger PK, DeNicola GM, Coloff JL. ASCT2 is the primary serine transporter in cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561530. [PMID: 37873453 PMCID: PMC10592681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The non-essential amino acid serine is a critical nutrient for cancer cells due to its diverse biosynthetic functions. While some tumors can synthesize serine de novo, others are auxotrophic for serine and therefore reliant on the uptake of exogenous serine. Importantly, however, the transporter(s) that mediate serine uptake in cancer cells are not known. Here, we characterize the amino acid transporter ASCT2 (coded for by the gene SLC1A5) as the primary serine transporter in cancer cells. ASCT2 is well-known as a glutamine transporter in cancer, and our work demonstrates that serine and glutamine compete for uptake through ASCT2. We further show that ASCT2-mediated serine uptake is essential for purine nucleotide biosynthesis and that ERα promotes serine uptake by directly activating SLC1A5 transcription. Together, our work defines an additional important role for ASCT2 as a serine transporter in cancer and evaluates ASCT2 as a potential therapeutic target in serine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly O. Conger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mete Emir Ozgurses
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Cancer Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Svetlana E. Semina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philippa Burns
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vipin Rawat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Sheldon
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter K. Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Coloff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Xia Y, Zhang L, Ocansey DKW, Tu Q, Mao F, Sheng X. Role of glycolysis in inflammatory bowel disease and its associated colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1242991. [PMID: 37881499 PMCID: PMC10595037 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1242991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been referred to as the "green cancer," and its progression to colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant challenge for the medical community. A common factor in their development is glycolysis, a crucial metabolic mechanism of living organisms, which is also involved in other diseases. In IBD, glycolysis affects gastrointestinal components such as the intestinal microbiota, mucosal barrier function, and the immune system, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and neutrophils, while in CRC, it is linked to various pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and transcription factors such as p53, Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and c-Myc. Thus, a comprehensive study of glycolysis is essential for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of both IBD and CRC. This paper reviews the role of glycolysis in diseases, particularly IBD and CRC, via its effects on the intestinal microbiota, immunity, barrier integrity, signaling pathways, transcription factors and some therapeutic strategies targeting glycolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Qiang Tu
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiumei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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32
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Cummings JL, Osse AML, Kinney JW. Alzheimer's Disease: Novel Targets and Investigational Drugs for Disease Modification. Drugs 2023; 83:1387-1408. [PMID: 37728864 PMCID: PMC10582128 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel agents addressing non-amyloid, non-tau targets in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) comprise 70% of the AD drug development pipeline of agents currently in clinical trials. Most of the target processes identified in the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) are represented by novel agents in trials. Inflammation and synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection are the CADRO categories with the largest number of novel candidate therapies. Within these categories, there are few overlapping targets among the test agents. Additional categories being evaluated include apolipoprotein E [Formula: see text] 4 (APOE4) effects, lipids and lipoprotein receptors, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, bioenergetics and metabolism, vascular factors, cell death, growth factors and hormones, circadian rhythm, and epigenetic regulators. We highlight current drugs being tested within these categories and their mechanisms. Trials will be informative regarding which targets can be modulated to produce a slowing of clinical decline. Possible therapeutic combinations of agents may be suggested by trial outcomes. Biomarkers are evolving in concert with new targets and novel agents, and biomarker outcomes offer a means of supporting disease modification by the putative treatment. Identification of novel targets and development of corresponding therapeutics offer an important means of advancing new treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- , 1380 Opal Valley Street, Henderson, Nevada, 89052, USA.
| | - Amanda M Leisgang Osse
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jefferson W Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Chen R, Qian L, Fu J, Qin J, Chen X, Xu X. Downregulation of Preso protects against ischemic/reperfusion-mediated neuronal injury through regulating PSD95-nNOS/YAP pathways. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105586. [PMID: 37442439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury has become a great challenge harming patients' life. This study aims to explore the regulatory role of Preso during cerebral I/R injury and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Here, we established a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/IR) rat model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-mediated PC12 cell model to evaluate the expression and role of Preso following cerebral I/R injury. Histopathological injury and infarct size were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and 2,3,5-Triphenyltertrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Double immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess neuronal apoptosis in brain tissues. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were detected using their respective detection kits, and the expression of corresponding proteins was examined adopting Western blot. The results showed that Preso was upregulated in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells and MCAO rats. Preso knockdown significantly reduced OGD/R-caused viability loss, apoptosis and oxidative stress in PC12 cells, and reduced infarct size, attenuated histological injury, and inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain tissues from MCAO rats, as well as inhibiting the expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) and nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and repressing YAP phosphorylation in vitro. In addition, the protective role of Preso knockdown against cerebral I/R injury was partly strengthened by IC87201, the nNOS/PSD95 interaction inhibitor, or weakened by Verteporfin (Vert), an inhibitor of YAP. In conclusion, Perso knockdown might exert a protective role against cerebral I/R injury via regulating PSD95-nNOS and YAP pathways, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Chen
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiajun Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Yang L, Tan Q, Wan W, Bu Z, Xuan C, Yu C, Wu J, Yan J. A blood-based, metabolite and demographic characteristic markers panel for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1247-1258. [PMID: 37669269 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This work was designed to provide early diagnosis strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the identification of blood metabolic biomarkers. Patients & methods: A total of 90 subjects aged 60 years or older were included in this study; 45 patients were assigned to the case group and control group, respectively. A total of 31 target metabolites were quantitatively analyzed by parallel reaction monitoring between the two groups. Results & conclusion: Three metabolites were screened out, including cystine, serine and alanine/sarcosine. Logistic regression and random forest analysis were used to establish AD diagnosis models, and the model combining metabolic biomarkers and demographic variables had higher detection efficiency (area under the curve = 0.869). A combination diagnostic model to provide a scientific reference for early screening and diagnosis of AD was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Zhejiang Hospital, lingyin Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
| | - Wenjing Wan
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, 310000, China
| | - Zhibin Bu
- Zhejiang Hospital, lingyin Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Fengqiao Town, Zhuji Zhejiang Province, 311800, China
| | - Caiyan Yu
- Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Fengqiao Town, Zhuji Zhejiang Province, 311800, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Zhejiang Hospital, lingyin Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Hospital, lingyin Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
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35
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Ambeskovic M, Hopkins G, Hoover T, Joseph JT, Montina T, Metz GAS. Metabolomic Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease Indicate Brain Region-Specific Neurodegenerative Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14769. [PMID: 37834217 PMCID: PMC10573054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological mechanisms contributing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still elusive. Here, we identified the metabolic signatures of AD in human post-mortem brains. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy and an untargeted metabolomics approach, we identified (1) metabolomic profiles of AD and age-matched healthy subjects in post-mortem brain tissue, and (2) region-common and region-unique metabolome alterations and biochemical pathways across eight brain regions revealed that BA9 was the most affected. Phenylalanine and phosphorylcholine were mainly downregulated, suggesting altered neurotransmitter synthesis. N-acetylaspartate and GABA were upregulated in most regions, suggesting higher inhibitory activity in neural circuits. Other region-common metabolic pathways indicated impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, while region-unique pathways indicated oxidative stress and altered immune responses. Importantly, AD caused metabolic changes in brain regions with less well-documented pathological alterations that suggest degenerative progression. The findings provide a new understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of AD and guide biomarker discovery for personalized risk prediction and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ambeskovic
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.A.); (G.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Giselle Hopkins
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.A.); (G.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Tanzi Hoover
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.A.); (G.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Jeffrey T. Joseph
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A. S. Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.A.); (G.H.); (T.H.)
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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36
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Yang H, Qin Q, Wang M, Yin Y, Li R, Tang Y. Crosstalk between peripheral immunity and central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Immunol 2023; 391-392:104743. [PMID: 37451918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The significance of peripheral immunity in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's diseases (AD) has been recognized. Brain-infiltrated peripheral immune components transporting across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may reshape the central immune environment. However, mechanisms of how these components open the BBB for AD occurrence and development and correlations between peripheral and central immunity have not been fully explored. Herein, we formulate a hypothesis whereby peripheral immunity as a critical factor allows AD to progress. Peripheral central immune cell crosstalk is associated with early AD pathology and related risk factors. The damaged BBB permits peripheral immune cells to enter the central immune system to deprive its immune privilege promoting the progression toward developing AD. This review summarizes the influences of risk factors on peripheral immunity, alongside their functions, highlighting the concept of peripheral and central immunity as an integrated system in AD pathogenesis, which has received scant attention before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Yang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsi Yin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China; Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China.
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Tripodi F, Motta Z, Murtas G, Rabattoni V, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Rinaldi AM, Rizzi R, Bearzi C, Badone B, Sacchi S, Tedeschi G, Maffioli E, Coccetti P, Pollegioni L. Serine metabolism during differentiation of human iPSC-derived astrocytes. FEBS J 2023; 290:4440-4464. [PMID: 37166453 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential players in development and functions, being particularly relevant as regulators of brain energy metabolism, ionic homeostasis and synaptic transmission. They are also the major source of l-serine in the brain, which is synthesized from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate through the phosphorylated pathway. l-Serine is the precursor of the two main co-agonists of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, glycine and d-serine. Strikingly, dysfunctions in both l- and d-serine metabolism are associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we exploited a differentiation protocol, based on the generation of human mature astrocytes from neural stem cells, and investigated the modification of the proteomic and metabolomic profile during the differentiation process. We show that differentiated astrocytes are more similar to mature rather than to reactive ones, and that axogenesis and pyrimidine metabolism increase up to 30 days along with the folate cycle and sphingolipid metabolism. Consistent with the proliferation and cellular maturation processes that are taking place, also the intracellular levels of l-serine, glycine, threonine, l- and d-aspartate (which level is unexpectedly higher than that of d-serine) show the same biosynthetic time course. A significant utilization of l-serine from the medium is apparent while glycine is first consumed and then released with a peak at 30 days, parallel to its intracellular level. These results underline how metabolism changes during astrocyte differentiation, highlight that d-serine synthesis is restricted in differentiated astrocytes and provide a valuable model for developing potential novel therapeutic approaches to address brain diseases, especially the ones related to serine metabolism alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Zoraide Motta
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giulia Murtas
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Rabattoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- DIVAS, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Rizzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Badone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Silvia Sacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- DIVAS, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milano, Italy
- CIMAINA, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- DIVAS, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Jiwaji Z, Hardingham GE. The consequences of neurodegenerative disease on neuron-astrocyte metabolic and redox interactions. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106255. [PMID: 37558170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolic pathways relating to bioenergetic and redox homeostasis are closely linked, and deficits in these pathways are thought to occur in many neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes play important roles in both processes, and growing evidence suggests that neuron-astrocyte intercellular signalling ensures brain bioenergetic and redox homeostasis in health. Moreover, alterations to this crosstalk have been observed in the context of neurodegenerative pathology. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of how neuron-astrocyte interactions influence brain metabolism and antioxidant functions in health as well as during neurodegeneration. It is apparent that deleterious and adaptive protective responses alter brain metabolism in disease, and that knowledge of both may illuminate targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoeb Jiwaji
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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Shunxi W, Xiaoxue Y, Guanbin S, Li Y, Junyu J, Wanqian L. Serine Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumorigenesis, Tumor Immunity, and Clinical Treatment. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1050-1066. [PMID: 37187454 PMCID: PMC10509429 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine has been recently identified as an essential metabolite for oncogenesis, progression, and adaptive immunity. Influenced by many physiologic or tumor environmental factors, the metabolic pathways of serine synthesis, uptake, and usage are heterogeneously reprogrammed and frequently amplified in tumor or tumor-associated cells. The hyperactivation of serine metabolism promotes abnormal cellular nucleotide/protein/lipid synthesis, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic modifications, which drive malignant transformation, unlimited proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance of tumor cells. Dietary restriction of serine or phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase depletion mitigates tumor growth and extends the survival of tumor patients. Correspondingly, these findings triggered a boom in the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting serine metabolism. In this study, recent discoveries in the underlying mechanism and cellular function of serine metabolic reprogramming are summarized. The vital role of serine metabolism in oncogenesis, tumor stemness, tumor immunity, and therapeutic resistance is outlined. Finally, some potential tumor therapeutic concepts, strategies, and limitations of targeting the serine metabolic pathway are described in detail. Taken together, this review underscores the importance of serine metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and progression and highlights new opportunities for dietary restriction or selective pharmacologic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shunxi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Xiaoxue
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Guanbin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Junyu
- Department of Oncology, Chenjiaqiao Hospital, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liu Wanqian
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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Cozachenco D, Zimmer ER, Lourenco MV. Emerging concepts towards a translational framework in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105246. [PMID: 37236385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made to understand the precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. However, clinical trials targeting AD pathological hallmarks have consistently failed. Refinement of AD conceptualization, modeling, and assessment is key to developing successful therapies. Here, we review critical findings and discuss emerging ideas to integrate molecular mechanisms and clinical approaches in AD. We further propose a refined workflow for animal studies incorporating multimodal biomarkers used in clinical studies - delineating critical paths for drug discovery and translation. Addressing unresolved questions with the proposed conceptual and experimental framework may accelerate the development of effective disease-modifying strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cozachenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (PPGBioq), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmacology and Therapeutics (PPGFT), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Wu A, Lee D, Xiong WC. Lactate Metabolism, Signaling, and Function in Brain Development, Synaptic Plasticity, Angiogenesis, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13398. [PMID: 37686202 PMCID: PMC10487923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue requires a great metabolic demand despite negligible intrinsic energy stores. As a result, the central nervous system (CNS) depends upon a continuous influx of metabolic substrates from the blood. Disruption of this process can lead to impairment of neurological functions, loss of consciousness, and coma within minutes. Intricate neurovascular networks permit both spatially and temporally appropriate metabolic substrate delivery. Lactate is the end product of anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis, converted from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5). Although abundant in the brain, it was traditionally considered a byproduct or waste of glycolysis. However, recent evidence indicates lactate may be an important energy source as well as a metabolic signaling molecule for the brain and astrocytes-the most abundant glial cell-playing a crucial role in energy delivery, storage, production, and utilization. The astrocyte-neuron lactate-shuttle hypothesis states that lactate, once released into the extracellular space by astrocytes, can be up-taken and metabolized by neurons. This review focuses on this hypothesis, highlighting lactate's emerging role in the brain, with particular emphasis on its role during development, synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.W.); (D.L.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.W.); (D.L.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Sousa T, Moreira PI, Cardoso S. Current Advances in Mitochondrial Targeted Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2331. [PMID: 37760774 PMCID: PMC10525414 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and affects the lives not only of those who are diagnosed but also of their caregivers. Despite the enormous social, economic and political burden, AD remains a disease without an effective treatment and with several failed attempts to modify the disease course. The fact that AD clinical diagnosis is most often performed at a stage at which the underlying pathological events are in an advanced and conceivably irremediable state strongly hampers treatment attempts. This raises the awareness of the need to identify and characterize the early brain changes in AD, in order to identify possible novel therapeutic targets to circumvent AD's cascade of events. One of the most auspicious targets is mitochondria, powerful organelles found in nearly all cells of the body. A vast body of literature has shown that mitochondria from AD patients and model organisms of the disease differ from their non-AD counterparts. In view of this evidence, preserving and/or restoring mitochondria's health and function can represent the primary means to achieve advances to tackle AD. In this review, we will briefly assess and summarize the previous and latest evidence of mitochondria dysfunction in AD. A particular focus will be given to the recent updates and advances in the strategy options aimed to target faulty mitochondria in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
Amino acid dysregulation has emerged as an important driver of disease progression in various contexts. l-Serine lies at a central node of metabolism, linking carbohydrate metabolism, transamination, glycine, and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism to protein synthesis and various downstream bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways. l-Serine is produced locally in the brain but is sourced predominantly from glycine and one-carbon metabolism in peripheral tissues via liver and kidney metabolism. Compromised regulation or activity of l-serine synthesis and disposal occurs in the context of genetic diseases as well as chronic disease states, leading to low circulating l-serine levels and pathogenesis in the nervous system, retina, heart, and aging muscle. Dietary interventions in preclinical models modulate sensory neuropathy, retinopathy, tumor growth, and muscle regeneration. A serine tolerance test may provide a quantitative readout of l-serine homeostasis that identifies patients who may be susceptible to neuropathy or responsive to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Handzlik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
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Li X, Yang H, Jin H, Turkez H, Ozturk G, Doganay HL, Zhang C, Nielsen J, Uhlén M, Borén J, Mardinoglu A. The acute effect of different NAD + precursors included in the combined metabolic activators. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:77-89. [PMID: 37271226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ and glutathione precursors are currently used as metabolic modulators for improving the metabolic conditions associated with various human diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative diseases, mitochondrial myopathy, and age-induced diabetes. Here, we performed a one-day double blinded, placebo-controlled human clinical study to assess the safety and acute effects of six different Combined Metabolic Activators (CMAs) with 1 g of different NAD+ precursors based on global metabolomics analysis. Our integrative analysis showed that the NAD+ salvage pathway is the main source for boosting the NAD+ levels with the administration of CMAs without NAD+ precursors. We observed that incorporation of nicotinamide (Nam) in the CMAs can boost the NAD+ products, followed by niacin (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), but not flush free niacin (FFN). In addition, the NA administration led to a flushing reaction, accompanied by decreased phospholipids and increased bilirubin and bilirubin derivatives, which could be potentially risky. In conclusion, this study provided a plasma metabolomic landscape of different CMA formulations, and proposed that CMAs with Nam, NMN as well as NR can be administered for boosting NAD+ levels to improve altered metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Bash Biotech Inc, 600 West Broadway, Suite 700, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Han Jin
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Gurkan Ozturk
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hamdi Levent Doganay
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, VM Pendik Medicalpark Teaching Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine, Bahçeşehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Rochín-Hernández LJ, Jiménez-Acosta MA, Ramírez-Reyes L, Figueroa-Corona MDP, Sánchez-González VJ, Orozco-Barajas M, Meraz-Ríos MA. The Proteome Profile of Olfactory Ecto-Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived from Patients with Familial Alzheimer's Disease Reveals New Insights for AD Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12606. [PMID: 37628788 PMCID: PMC10454072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease and the first cause of dementia worldwide, has no effective treatment, and its pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We conducted this study to explore the proteomic differences associated with Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD) in olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from PSEN1 (A431E) mutation carriers compared with healthy donors paired by age and gender through two label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches. The first analysis compared carrier 1 (patient with symptoms, P1) and its control (healthy donor, C1), and the second compared carrier 2 (patient with pre-symptoms, P2) with its respective control cells (C2) to evaluate whether the protein alterations presented in the symptomatic carrier were also present in the pre-symptom stages. Finally, we analyzed the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) for biological and functional enrichment. These proteins showed impaired expression in a stage-dependent manner and are involved in energy metabolism, vesicle transport, actin cytoskeleton, cell proliferation, and proteostasis pathways, in line with previous AD reports. Our study is the first to conduct a proteomic analysis of MSCs from the Jalisco FAD patients in two stages of the disease (symptomatic and presymptomatic), showing these cells as a new and excellent in vitro model for future AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lory J. Rochín-Hernández
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (L.J.R.-H.); (M.A.J.-A.); (M.d.P.F.-C.)
| | - Miguel A. Jiménez-Acosta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (L.J.R.-H.); (M.A.J.-A.); (M.d.P.F.-C.)
| | - Lorena Ramírez-Reyes
- Unidad de Genómica, Proteómica y Metabolómica, Laboratorio Nacional de Servicios Experimentales (LaNSE), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - María del Pilar Figueroa-Corona
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (L.J.R.-H.); (M.A.J.-A.); (M.d.P.F.-C.)
| | - Víctor J. Sánchez-González
- Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (V.J.S.-G.); (M.O.-B.)
| | - Maribel Orozco-Barajas
- Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (V.J.S.-G.); (M.O.-B.)
| | - Marco A. Meraz-Ríos
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (L.J.R.-H.); (M.A.J.-A.); (M.d.P.F.-C.)
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Wu D, Zhang K, Khan FA, Wu Q, Pandupuspitasari NS, Tang Y, Guan K, Sun F, Huang C. The emerging era of lactate: A rising star in cellular signaling and its regulatory mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1067-1081. [PMID: 37566665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolites are ancient molecules with pleiotropic implications in health and disease. Beyond their cognate roles, they have signaling functions as the ligands for specific receptors and the precursors for epigenetic or posttranslational modifications. Lactate has long been recognized as a metabolic waste and fatigue product mainly produced from glycolytic metabolism. Recent evidence however suggests lactate is an unique molecule with diverse signaling attributes in orchestration of numerous biological processes, including tumor immunity and neuronal survival. The copious metabolic and non-metabolic functions of lactate mediated by its bidirectional shuttle between cells or intracellular organelles lead to a phenotype called "lactormone." Importantly, the mechanisms of lactate signaling, via acting as a molecular sensor and a regulator of NAD+ metabolism and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, and via the newly identified lactate-driven lactylation, have been discovered. Further, we include a brief discussion about the autocrine regulation of efferocytosis by lactate in Sertoli cells which favoraerobic glycolysis. By emphasizing a repertoire of the most recent discovered mechanisms of lactate signaling, this review will open tantalizing avenues for future investigations cracking the regulatory topology of lactate signaling covered in the veil of mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Research and Technology National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Qin Wu
- Jinan Second People's Hospital & The Ophthalmologic Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | | | - Yuan Tang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kaifeng Guan
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Medicine, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunjie Huang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Xue Z, Ye L, Ge J, Lan Z, Zou X, Mao C, Bao X, Yu L, Xu Y, Zhu X. Wwl70-induced ABHD6 inhibition attenuates memory deficits and pathological phenotypes in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106864. [PMID: 37480972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) contributes to synaptic dysfunctions, and ABHD6 inhibition has shown potential therapeutic value in neurological disorders. However, the role of ABHD6 in AD has not been fully defined. In this study, we demonstrated that adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated shRNA targeting ABHD6 in hippocampal neurons attenuated synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, while it didn't affect the amyloid-beta (Aβ) levels and neuroinflammation in the brains. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of wwl70, a specific inhibitor of ABHD6, improved synaptic plasticity and memory function in APP/PS1 mice, which might attribute to the activation of endogenous cannabinoid signaling. Furthermore, wwl70 significantly decreased the Aβ levels and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of AD mice, and enhanced Aβ phagocytized by microglia. In conclusion, for the first time our data have shown that ABHD6 inhibition might be a promising strategy for AD treatment, and wwl70 is a potential candidate for AD drug development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xue
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianwei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Phone Myint SMM, Sun LY. L-serine: Neurological Implications and Therapeutic Potential. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2117. [PMID: 37626614 PMCID: PMC10452085 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
L-serine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a vital role in protein synthesis, cell proliferation, development, and sphingolipid formation in the central nervous system. It exerts its effects through the activation of glycine receptors and upregulation of PPAR-γ, resulting in neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory effects. L-serine shows potential as a protective agent in various neurological diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Deficiency of L-serine and its downstream products has been linked to severe neurological deficits. Despite its crucial role, there is limited understanding of its mechanistic production and impact on glial and neuronal cells. Most of the focus has been on D-serine, the downstream product of L-serine, which has been implicated in a wide range of neurological diseases. However, L-serine is approved by FDA for supplemental use, while D-serine is not. Hence, it is imperative that we investigate the wider effects of L-serine, particularly in relation to the pathogenesis of several neurological deficits that, in turn, lead to diseases. This review aims to explore current knowledge surrounding L-serine and its potential as a treatment for various neurological diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liou Y. Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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Serra M, Di Maio A, Bassareo V, Nuzzo T, Errico F, Servillo F, Capasso M, Parekh P, Li Q, Thiolat ML, Bezard E, Calabresi P, Sulzer D, Carta M, Morelli M, Usiello A. Perturbation of serine enantiomers homeostasis in the striatum of MPTP-lesioned monkeys and mice reflects the extent of dopaminergic midbrain degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106226. [PMID: 37451474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of dopaminergic midbrain neurons perturbs l-serine and d-serine homeostasis in the post-mortem caudate putamen (CPu) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, it is unclear whether the severity of dopaminergic nigrostriatal degeneration plays a role in deregulating serine enantiomers' metabolism. Here, through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured the levels of these amino acids in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated monkeys and MPTP-plus-probenecid (MPTPp)-treated mice to determine whether and how dopaminergic midbrain degeneration affects the levels of serine enantiomers in various basal ganglia subregions. In addition, in the same brain regions, we measured the levels of key neuroactive amino acids modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission, including L-glutamate, glycine, l-aspartate, d-aspartate, and their precursors l-glutamine, L-asparagine. In monkeys, MPTP treatment produced severe denervation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers (⁓75%) and increased the levels of serine enantiomers in the rostral putamen (rPut), but not in the subthalamic nucleus, and the lateral and medial portion of the globus pallidus. Moreover, this neurotoxin significantly reduced the protein expression of the astrocytic serine transporter ASCT1 and the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH in the rPut of monkeys. Conversely, concentrations of d-serine and l-serine, as well as ASCT1 and GAPDH expression were unaffected in the striatum of MPTPp-treated mice, which showed only mild dopaminergic degeneration (⁓30%). These findings unveil a link between the severity of dopaminergic nigrostriatal degeneration and striatal serine enantiomers concentration, ASCT1 and GAPDH expression. We hypothesize that the up-regulation of d-serine and l-serine levels occurs as a secondary response within a homeostatic loop to support the metabolic and neurotransmission demands imposed by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Anna Di Maio
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Francesco Salvatore, Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università Degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Valentina Bassareo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Tommaso Nuzzo
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Francesco Salvatore, Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università Degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Errico
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Francesco Salvatore, Naples, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Servillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Cattolica Sacro Cuore University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Francesco Salvatore, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Pathik Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Qin Li
- Motac Neuroscience, UKM15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marie-Laure Thiolat
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Motac Neuroscience, UKM15 6WE, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Cattolica Sacro Cuore University, Rome, Italy; Neurologia, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Francesco Salvatore, Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università Degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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Ni X, Inoue R, Wu Y, Yoshida T, Yaku K, Nakagawa T, Saito T, Saido TC, Takao K, Mori H. Regional contributions of D-serine to Alzheimer's disease pathology in male AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1211067. [PMID: 37455930 PMCID: PMC10339350 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1211067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with excitotoxicity mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). D-Serine is an endogenous co-agonist necessary for NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. In the mammalian brain, it is produced by serine racemase (SRR) from L-serine, suggesting that dysregulation of L-serine, D-serine, or SRR may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Objective and methods We examined the contributions of D-serine to AD pathology in the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F gene knock-in (APPKI) mouse model of AD. We first examined brain SRR expression levels and neuropathology in APPKI mice and then assessed the effects of long-term D-serine supplementation in drinking water on neurodegeneration. To further confirm the involvement of endogenous D-serine in AD progression, we generated Srr gene-deleted APPKI (APPKI-SRRKO) mice. Finally, to examine the levels of brain amino acids, we conducted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Expression of SRR was markedly reduced in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) of APPKI mice at 12 months of age compared with age-matched wild-type mice. Neuronal density was decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region but not altered significantly in the RSC. D-Serine supplementation exacerbated neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 of APPKI mice, while APPKI-SRRKO mice exhibited attenuated astrogliosis and reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 compared with APPKI mice. Furthermore, APPKI mice demonstrated marked abnormalities in the cortical amino acid levels that were partially reversed in APPKI-SRRKO mice. Conclusion These findings suggest that D-serine participates in the regional neurodegenerative process in the hippocampal CA1 during the amyloid pathology of AD and that reducing brain D-serine can partially attenuate neuronal loss and reactive astrogliosis. Therefore, regulating SRR could be an effective strategy to mitigate NMDAR-dependent neurodegeneration during AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiance Ni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ran Inoue
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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