1
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Harvey SM, Olshansky JH, Li A, Panuganti S, Kanatzidis MG, Hupp JT, Wasielewski MR, Schaller RD. Ligand Desorption and Fragmentation in Oleate-Capped CdSe Nanocrystals under High-Intensity Photoexcitation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3732-3741. [PMID: 38301030 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) offer prospective use as active optical elements in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photocatalysts due to their tunable optical absorption and emission properties, high stability, and scalable solution processing, as well as compatibility with additive manufacturing routes. Over the course of experiments, during device fabrication, or while in use commercially, these materials are often subjected to intense or prolonged electronic excitation and high carrier densities. The influence of such conditions on ligand integrity and binding remains underexplored. Here, we expose CdSe NCs to laser excitation and monitor changes in oleate that is covalently attached to the NC surface using nuclear magnetic resonance as a function of time and laser intensity. Higher photon doses cause increased rates of ligand loss from the particles, with upward of 50% total ligand desorption measured for the longest, most intense excitation. Surprisingly, for a range of excitation intensities, fragmentation of the oleate is detected and occurs concomitantly with formation of aldehydes, terminal alkenes, H2, and water. After illumination, NC size, shape, and bandgap remain constant although low-energy absorption features (Urbach tails) develop in some samples, indicating formation of substantial trap states. The observed reaction chemistry, which here occurs with low photon to chemical conversion efficiency, suggests that ligand reactivity may require examination for improved NC dispersion stability but can also be manipulated to yield desired photocatalytically accessed chemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jacob H Olshansky
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alice Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shobhana Panuganti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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2
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Strandell DP, Ghosh A, Zenatti D, Nagpal P, Kambhampati P. Direct Observation of Higher Multiexciton Formation and Annihilation in CdSe Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6904-6911. [PMID: 37498205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Most experiments on multiexcitons (MX) in quantum dots focused on the biexciton (XX), which is now well-understood. In contrast, there is little understanding of higher MX in quantum dots as a result of their difficulty to observe. Here, we apply time-resolved photoluminescence (t-PL) spectroscopy with 3 ps time resolution, sufficient to directly resolve previously unobserved spectral dynamics of a higher MX in CdSe quantum dots. These experiments resolve the controversy of the sequence of MX emissions, revealing that the higher channels sequentially populate the lower channels. There is a strong dependence of MX recombination kinetics upon a higher MX state, following a universal volume scaling law for Auger recombination for larger dots. Smaller dots show deviations for higher MX. In addition to triexcitons (3X), these experiments reveal MX up to the tetraexciton (4X). These experiments provide a direct observation of MX formation and annihilation in quantum dots. The impact of this observation is a step toward designing quantum dots to exploit higher MX processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas P Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Davide Zenatti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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3
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Peng Y, Huang J, Zhou L, Mu Y, Han S, Zhou S, Gao P. Efficient thin-film perovskite solar cells from a two-step sintering of nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2924-2931. [PMID: 36692099 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Creating semiconductor thin films from sintering of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) represents a very important technology for high throughput and low cost thin-film photovoltaics. Here we report the creation of all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) polycrystalline films with grain size exceeding 1 μm from the bottom up by sintering of CsPbBr3 NCs terminated with short and low-boiling-point alky ligands that are ideal for use in sintered photovoltaics. The grain growth behavior during the sintering process was carefully investigated and correlated to the solar cell performance. To achieve precise control over the microstructural development we propose a facile two-step sintering process involving the grain growth via coarsening at a relative low temperature followed by densification at a high temperature. Compared with the one-step sintering, the two-step process yields a more uniform CsPbBr3 bulk film with larger grain size, higher density and lower trap density. Consequently, the photovoltaic device based on the two-step sintering process demonstrates a significant enhancement of efficiency with reduced hysteresis that approaches the best reported CsPbBr3 solar cells using a similar configuration. Our study specifies a rarely addressed perspective concerning the sintering mechanism of perovskite NCs and should contribute to the development of high-performance bulk perovskite devices based on the building blocks of perovskite NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Peng
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Junli Huang
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Lue Zhou
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Yuncheng Mu
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Shuyao Han
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Shu Zhou
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Pingqi Gao
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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4
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Zhu Y, Sun K, Wu S, Zhou P, Fu Y, Xia J, Li HF. A comprehensive review on the ferroelectric orthochromates: Synthesis, property, and application. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Mir IA, Kumar S, Bhat MA, Khan QU, Wani AA, Zhu L. Green Synthesis of Ag
2
S Quantum Dots as Sensing Probe: An Optical Sensor for the Detection of Cholesterol. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Mir
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | | | - Quadrat Ullah Khan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Physics Govt Degree College Kulgam Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
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6
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Vikram A, Brudnak K, Zahid A, Shim M, Kenis PJA. Accelerated screening of colloidal nanocrystals using artificial neural network-assisted autonomous flow reactor technology. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17028-17039. [PMID: 34622262 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals with tunable optical and electronic properties are opening up exciting opportunities for high-performance optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and bioimaging applications. Identifying the optimal synthesis conditions and screening of synthesis recipes in search of efficient synthesis pathways to obtain nanocrystals with desired optoelectronic properties, however, remains one of the major bottlenecks for accelerated discovery of colloidal nanocrystals. Conventional strategies, often guided by limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms remain expensive in both time and resources, thus significantly impeding the overall discovery process. In response, an autonomous experimentation platform is presented as a viable approach for accelerated synthesis screening and optimization of colloidal nanocrystals. Using a machine-learning-based predictive synthesis approach, integrated with automated flow reactor and inline spectroscopy, indium phosphide nanocrystals are autonomously synthesized. Their polydispersity for different target absorption wavelengths across the visible spectrum is simultaneously optimized during the autonomous experimentation, while utilizing minimal self-driven experiments (less than 50 experiments within 2 days). Starting with no-prior-knowledge of the synthesis, an ensemble neural network is trained through autonomous experiments to accurately predict the reaction outcome across the entire synthesis parameter space. The predicted parameter space map also provides new nucleation-growth kinetic insights to achieve high monodispersity in size of colloidal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Vikram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Ken Brudnak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Arwa Zahid
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Paul J A Kenis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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7
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Kurley JM, Pan JA, Wang Y, Zhang H, Russell JC, Pach GF, To B, Luther JM, Talapin DV. Roll-To-Roll Friendly Solution-Processing of Ultrathin, Sintered CdTe Nanocrystal Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44165-44173. [PMID: 34494421 PMCID: PMC8461606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Roll-to-roll (R2R) device fabrication using solution-processed materials is a cheap and versatile approach that has attracted widespread interest over the past 2 decades. Here, we systematically introduce and investigate R2R-friendly modifications in the fabrication of ultrathin, sintered CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells. These include (1) scalable deposition techniques such as spray-coating and doctor-blading, (2) a bath-free, controllable sintering of CdTe NCs by quantitative addition of a sintering agent, and (3) radiative heating with an infrared lamp. The impact of each modification on the CdTe nanostructure and solar cell performance was first independently studied and compared to the standard, non-R2R-friendly procedure involving spin-coating the NCs, soaking in a CdCl2 bath, and annealing on a hot plate. The R2R-friendly techniques were then combined into a single, integrated process, yielding devices that reach 10.4% power conversion efficiency with a Voc, Jsc, and FF of 697 mV, 22.2 mA/cm2, and 67%, respectively, after current/light soaking. These advances reduce the barrier for large-scale manufacturing of solution-processed, ultralow-cost solar cells on flexible or curved substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthew Kurley
- Department
of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jia-Ahn Pan
- Department
of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jake C. Russell
- Department
of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gregory F. Pach
- Department
of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bobby To
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph M. Luther
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dmitri V. Talapin
- Department
of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United
States
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8
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Marri I, Ossicini S. Multiple exciton generation in isolated and interacting silicon nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12119-12142. [PMID: 34250528 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of renewable energy is the development of novel nanostructured solar cell devices which implement low-dimensional materials to overcome the limits of traditional photovoltaic systems. For optimal energy conversion in photovoltaic devices, one important requirement is that the full energy of the solar spectrum is effectively used. In this context, the possibility of exploiting features and functionalities induced by the reduced dimensionality of the nanocrystalline phase, in particular by the quantum confinement of the electronic density, can lead to a better use of the carrier excess energy and thus to an increment of the thermodynamic conversion efficiency of the system. Carrier multiplication, i.e. the generation of multiple electron-hole pairs after absorption of one single high-energy photon (with energy at least twice the energy gap of the system), can be exploited to maximize cell performance, promoting a net reduction of loss mechanisms. Over the past fifteen years, carrier multiplication has been recorded in a large variety of semiconductor nanocrystals and other nanostructures. Owing to the role of silicon in solar cell applications, the mission of this review is to summarize the progress in this fascinating research field considering carrier multiplication in Si-based low-dimensional systems, in particular Si nanocrystals, both from the experimental and theoretical point of view, with special attention given to the results obtained by ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marri
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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9
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Garcia E, Arnold C, Hermier JP, D'Amico M. Gold plasmonic enhanced luminescence of silica encapsulated semiconductor hetero-nanoplatelets. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4572-4578. [PMID: 36133456 PMCID: PMC9417742 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of nanocrystals have the potential to drive the next generation of optoelectronic devices. However, a number of technological limitations remain to be overcome. Nanocrystals' emission is strongly impacted by the chemical environment and high excitation power. In this paper, we present a preparation route to hybrid core-shell nanoplatelets encapsulated in a gold silica shield. The induced plasmon coupling offers a higher brightness at high power excitation. We also detail the highly increased fluorescence stability offered by the silica-gold-shell protection against photobleaching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Garcia
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, GEMaC 78000 Versailles France
- Nexdot 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel 93230 Romainville France
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10
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Xu X, Kweon KE, Keuleyan S, Sawvel A, Cho EJ, Orme C. Rapid In Situ Ligand-Exchange Process Used to Prepare 3D PbSe Nanocrystal Superlattice Infrared Photodetectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101166. [PMID: 34018675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are important building blocks for low-cost, solution-processed electronic devices with tunable functionalities. Considerable progress is made in improving charge transport through nanocrystal films by exchanging long insulating ligands with shorter passivating ligands. To take full advantage of this strategy, it is equally important to fabricate close-packed structures that reduce the average interparticle spacing. Yet it remains a challenge to retain long-range, close-packed order after ligand exchange. Here, a novel one-step in situ ligand-exchange method is demonstrated that enables rapid (5 min) ligand exchange of nanocrystal films, which are more than 50 layers thick. Using this simple and efficient method, it is shown that the face-centered cubic ordering of 500 nm thick PbSe nanocrystal films is retained after ligand exchange from oleic acid to benzoic acid. Moreover, it is demonstrated that PbSe nanocrystal photodetectors with a well-ordered structure have superior optoelectronic properties compared to disordered films; ordered films have a 16× higher responsivity of ≈0.25 A W-1 at 1 V and a 2× faster response time. As far as it is known, this is the first report to realize a rapid one-step ligand exchange through a thick superlattice film with retention of long-range order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Kyoung E Kweon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Sean Keuleyan
- Voxtel Opto, An Allegro Microsystems Company, 1443 E. 13th Avenue, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - April Sawvel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - En Ju Cho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Christine Orme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
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11
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Xia C, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Wang D, Meeldijk JD, Gerritsen HC, Bals S, de Mello Donega C. Seeded Growth Combined with Cation Exchange for the Synthesis of Anisotropic Cu 2-x S/ZnS, Cu 2-x S, and CuInS 2 Nanorods. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021; 33:102-116. [PMID: 33456135 PMCID: PMC7808334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal copper(I) sulfide (Cu2-x S) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention for a wide range of applications because of their unique optoelectronic properties, driving scientists to explore the potential of using Cu2-x S NCs as seeds in the synthesis of heteronanocrystals to achieve new multifunctional materials. Herein, we developed a multistep synthesis strategy toward Cu2-x S/ZnS heteronanorods. The Janus-type Cu2-x S/ZnS heteronanorods are obtained by the injection of hexagonal high-chalcocite Cu2-x S seed NCs in a hot zinc oleate solution in the presence of suitable surfactants, 20 s after the injection of sulfur precursors. The Cu2-x S seed NCs undergo rapid aggregation and coalescence in the first few seconds after the injection, forming larger NCs that act as the effective seeds for heteronucleation and growth of ZnS. The ZnS heteronucleation occurs on a single (100) facet of the Cu2-x S seed NCs and is followed by fast anisotropic growth along a direction that is perpendicular to the c-axis, thus leading to Cu2-x S/ZnS Janus-type heteronanorods with a sharp heterointerface. Interestingly, the high-chalcocite crystal structure of the injected Cu2-x S seed NCs is preserved in the Cu2-x S segments of the heteronanorods because of the high-thermodynamic stability of this Cu2-x S phase. The Cu2-x S/ZnS heteronanorods are subsequently converted into single-component Cu2-x S and CuInS2 nanorods by postsynthetic topotactic cation exchange. This work expands the possibilities for the rational synthesis of colloidal multicomponent heteronanorods by allowing the design principles of postsynthetic heteroepitaxial seeded growth and nanoscale cation exchange to be combined, yielding access to a plethora of multicomponent heteronanorods with diameters in the quantum confinement regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Xia
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Da Wang
- EMAT-University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes D. Meeldijk
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT-University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Harvey SM, Houck DW, Kirschner MS, Flanders NC, Brumberg A, Leonard AA, Watkins NE, Chen LX, Dichtel WR, Zhang X, Korgel BA, Wasielewski MR, Schaller RD. Transient Lattice Response upon Photoexcitation in CuInSe 2 Nanocrystals with Organic or Inorganic Surface Passivation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13548-13556. [PMID: 32915540 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CuInSe2 nanocrystals offer promise for optoelectronics including thin-film photovoltaics and printed electronics. Additive manufacturing methods such as photonic curing controllably sinter particles into quasi-continuous films and offer improved device performance. To gain understanding of nanocrystal response under such processing conditions, we investigate impacts of photoexcitation on colloidal nanocrystal lattices via time-resolved X-ray diffraction. We probe three sizes of particles and two capping ligands (oleylamine and inorganic S2-) to evaluate resultant crystal lattice temperature, phase stability, and thermal dissipation. Elevated fluences produce heating and loss of crystallinity, the onset of which exhibits particle size dependence. We find size-dependent recrystallization and cooling lifetimes ranging from 90 to 200 ps with additional slower cooling on the nanosecond time scale. Sulfide-capped nanocrystals show faster recrystallization and cooling compared to oleylamine-capped nanocrystals. Using these lifetimes, we find interfacial thermal conductivities from 3 to 28 MW/(m2 K), demonstrating that ligand identity strongly influences thermal dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel W Houck
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matthew S Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Flanders
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexandra Brumberg
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ariel A Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicolas E Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Brian A Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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13
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Yurk VM, Maskaeva LN, Markov VF, Bamburov VG. Effect of Antioxidants on Stability of Aqueous Solutions of Selenurea and on Properties of Lead Selenide Films Obtained with These Antioxidants. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427219030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Brewster DA, Sarappa DJ, Knowles KE. Role of aliphatic ligands and solvent composition in the solvothermal synthesis of iron oxide nanocrystals. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Abstract
From a niche field over 30 years ago, quantum dots (QDs) have developed into viable materials for many commercial optoelectronic devices. We discuss the advancements in Pb-based QD solar cells (QDSCs) from a viewpoint of the pathways an excited state can take when relaxing back to the ground state. Systematically understanding the fundamental processes occurring in QDs has led to improvements in solar cell efficiency from ~3% to over 13% in 8 years. We compile data from ~200 articles reporting functioning QDSCs to give an overview of the current limitations in the technology. We find that the open circuit voltage limits the device efficiency and propose some strategies for overcoming this limitation.
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16
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Khalid S, Ahmed E, Khan Y, Riaz KN, Malik MA. Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Khalid
- Department of PhysicsBahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
- Nanoscience & Technology DepartmentNational Centre for Physics Shahdra Valley Road Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of PhysicsBahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Yaqoob Khan
- Nanoscience & Technology DepartmentNational Centre for Physics Shahdra Valley Road Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Nadeem Riaz
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Azad Malik
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL U.K
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17
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Aigner W, Bienek O, Falcão BP, Ahmed SU, Wiggers H, Stutzmann M, Pereira RN. Intra- and inter-nanocrystal charge transport in nanocrystal films. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8042-8057. [PMID: 29670986 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) films in novel electronic and optoelectronic applications requires a better understanding of charge transport in these systems. Here, we develop a model of charge transport in NC films, based on a generalization of the concept of transport energy level ET to nanocrystal assemblies, which considers both intra- and inter-NC charge transfer processes. We conclude that the role played by each of these processes can be probed from temperature-dependent measurements of charge carrier density n and mobility μ in the same films. The model also enables the determination of the position of the Fermi energy level EF with respect to ET, an important parameter of charge transport in semiconductor materials, from the temperature dependence of n. Moreover, we provide support to an essentially temperature-independent intra-NC charge carrier mobility, considered in the transport level concept, and consequently the frequently observed temperature dependence of the overall mobility μ in NC films results from a temperature variation of the inter-NC charge transport processes. Importantly, we also conclude that the temperature dependence of conductivity in NC films should result in general from a combination of temperature variations of both n and μ. By applying the model to solution-processed Si NC films, we conclude that transport within each NC is similar to that in amorphous Si (a-Si), with charges hopping along band tail states located below the conduction band edge. For Si NCs, we obtain values of ET - EF of ∼0.25 eV. The overall mobility μ in Si NC films is significantly further reduced with respect to that typically found in a-Si due to the additional transport constraints imposed by inter-NC transfer processes inherent to a nanoparticulate film. Our model accounting for inter- and intra-NC charge transport processes provides a simple and more general description of charge transport that can be broadly applied to films of semiconductor NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Aigner
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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18
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Multiple Exciton Generation in Nanostructures for Advanced Photovoltaic Cells. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7285483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews both experimental and theoretical work on nanostructures showing high quantum yields due to the phenomenon of multiple exciton generation. It outlines the aims and barriers to progress in identifying further such nanostructures and also includes important developments concerning solar devices where nanostructures act as the light-absorbing component. It reports on both semiconductor and carbon structures, both monocomposite (of various dimensionalities) and heterogeneous. Finally, it looks at future directions that can be taken to push solar cell efficiency above the classic limit set by Shockley and Queisser in 1961.
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19
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Coughlan C, Ibáñez M, Dobrozhan O, Singh A, Cabot A, Ryan KM. Compound Copper Chalcogenide Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5865-6109. [PMID: 28394585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due to their compositional and structural versatility. The outstanding functional properties of these materials stems from the relationship between their band structure and defect concentration, including charge carrier concentration and electronic conductivity character, which consequently affects their optoelectronic, optical, and plasmonic properties. This, combined with several metastable crystal phases and stoichiometries and the low energy of formation of defects, makes the reproducible synthesis of these materials, with tunable parameters, remarkable. Further to this, the review captures the progress of the hierarchical assembly of these NCs, which bridges the link between their discrete and collective properties. Their ubiquitous application set has cross-cut energy conversion (photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics), energy storage (lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen generation), emissive materials (plasmonics, LEDs, biolabelling), sensors (electrochemical, biochemical), biomedical devices (magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computer tomography), and medical therapies (photochemothermal therapies, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and drug delivery). The confluence of advances in the synthesis, assembly, and application of these NCs in the past decade has the potential to significantly impact society, both economically and environmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coughlan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleksandr Dobrozhan
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Computing, Sumy State University , 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova st., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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20
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Yang PW, Thoka S, Lin PC, Su CJ, Sheu HS, Huang MH, Jeng US. Tracing the Surfactant-Mediated Nucleation, Growth, and Superpacking of Gold Supercrystals Using Time and Spatially Resolved X-ray Scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3253-3261. [PMID: 28288275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth process of gold supercrystals in a surfactant diffusion approach is followed by simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), supplemented with scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that supercrystal nucleation can be activated efficiently upon placing a concentrated surfactant solution of a nematic phase on top of a gold nanocrystal solution droplet trapped in the middle of a vertically oriented capillary tube. Supercrystal nuclei comprised of tens of gold nanocubes are observed nearly instantaneously in the broadened liquid-liquid interface zone of a steep gradient of surfactant concentration, revealing a diffusion-kinetics-controlled nucleation process. Once formed, the nuclei can sediment into the naoncrystal zone below, and grow efficiently into cubic or tetragonal supercrystals of ∼1 μm size within ∼100 min. Supercrystals matured during sedimentation in the capillary can accumulate and face-to-face align at the bottom liquid-air interface of the nanocrystal droplet. This is followed by superpacking of the supercrystals into highly oriented hierarchical sheets, with a huge number of gold nanocubes aligned for largely coherent crystallographic orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | | | - Po-Chang Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Michael H Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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21
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Mir IA, Rawat K, Bohidar HB. CuInGaSe nanocrystals for detection of trace amount of water in D2O (at ppm level). CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201600054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Mir
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Kamla Rawat
- Special Center for Nanosciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
- Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC); New Delhi 110067 India
| | - H. B. Bohidar
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
- Special Center for Nanosciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
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22
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Rabouw FT, de Mello Donega C. Excited-State Dynamics in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:58. [PMID: 27573500 PMCID: PMC5480409 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted continuous worldwide interest over the last three decades owing to their remarkable and unique size- and shape-, dependent properties. The colloidal nature of these nanomaterials allows one to take full advantage of nanoscale effects to tailor their optoelectronic and physical–chemical properties, yielding materials that combine size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties with easy surface manipulation and solution processing. These features have turned the study of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals into a dynamic and multidisciplinary research field, with fascinating fundamental challenges and dazzling application prospects. This review focuses on the excited-state dynamics in these intriguing nanomaterials, covering a range of different relaxation mechanisms that span over 15 orders of magnitude, from a few femtoseconds to a few seconds after photoexcitation. In addition to reviewing the state of the art and highlighting the essential concepts in the field, we also discuss the relevance of the different relaxation processes to a number of potential applications, such as photovoltaics and LEDs. The fundamental physical and chemical principles needed to control and understand the properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy T Rabouw
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Park SJ, Cho JW, Park GS, Jeong JS, Kim J, Ko DH, Hwang YJ, Min BK. A Comparative Study of Nanoparticle-Ink-Based CIGSSe Thin Film Solar Cells on Different Back Contact Substrates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Park
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jin Woo Cho
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Gi Soon Park
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jae Seung Jeong
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Doo-Hyun Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si 17104 Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Hwang
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Byoung Koun Min
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
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24
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van der Stam W, Berends AC, de Mello Donega C. Prospects of Colloidal Copper Chalcogenide Nanocrystals. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:559-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ward van der Stam
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80000 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anne C. Berends
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80000 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science; Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80000 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands
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25
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Maceiczyk RM, Bezinge L, deMello AJ. Kinetics of nanocrystal synthesis in a microfluidic reactor: theory and experiment. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00073h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A two-stage microreactor enables the quantitative evaluation of a kinetic model of nanocrystal nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Maceiczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Leonard Bezinge
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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26
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Park SJ, Jeon HS, Cho JW, Hwang YJ, Park KS, Shim HS, Song JK, Cho Y, Kim DW, Kim J, Min BK. Chalcogenization-Derived Band Gap Grading in Solution-Processed CuIn(x)Ga(1-x)(Se,S)₂ Thin-Film Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27391-27396. [PMID: 26595379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant enhancement of solution-processed CuIn(x)Ga(1-x)(Se,S)2 (CIGSSe) thin-film solar cell performance was achieved by inducing a band gap gradient in the film thickness, which was triggered by the chalcogenization process. Specifically, after the preparation of an amorphous mixed oxide film of Cu, In, and Ga by a simple paste coating method chalcogenization under Se vapor, along with the flow of dilute H2S gas, resulted in the formation of CIGSSe films with graded composition distribution: S-rich top, In- and Se-rich middle, and Ga- and S-rich bottom. This uneven compositional distribution was confirmed to lead to a band gap gradient in the film, which may also be responsible for enhancement in the open circuit voltage and reduction in photocurrent loss, thus increasing the overall efficiency. The highest power conversion efficiency of 11.7% was achieved with J(sc) of 28.3 mA/cm(2), V(oc) of 601 mV, and FF of 68.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyeong Seop Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yunae Cho
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
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27
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Crisp RW, Callahan R, Reid OG, Dolzhnikov DS, Talapin DV, Rumbles G, Luther JM, Kopidakis N. Photoconductivity of CdTe Nanocrystal-Based Thin Films: Te(2-) Ligands Lead To Charge Carrier Diffusion Lengths Over 2 μm. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4815-21. [PMID: 26571095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on photoconductivity of films of CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) using time-resolved microwave photoconductivity (TRMC). Spherical and tetrapodal CdTe NCs with tunable size-dependent properties are studied as a function of surface ligand (including inorganic molecular chalcogenide species) and annealing temperature. Relatively high carrier mobility is measured for films of sintered tetrapod NCs (4 cm(2)/(V s)). Our TRMC findings show that Te(2-) capped CdTe NCs show a marked improvement in carrier mobility (11 cm(2)/(V s)), indicating that NC surface termination can be altered to play a crucial role in charge-carrier mobility even after the NC solids are sintered into bulk films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Crisp
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rebecca Callahan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Obadiah G Reid
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Dmitriy S Dolzhnikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nikos Kopidakis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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28
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Cheshme Khavar AH, Mahjoub AR, Tajabadi F, Dehghani M, Taghavinia N. Preparation of a CuInS2Nanoparticle Ink and Application in a Selenization-Free, Solution-Processed Superstrate Solar Cell. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Wang X, Damasco J, Shao W, Ke Y, Swihart MT. Synthesis of Zn-In-S Quantum Dots with Tunable Composition and Optical Properties. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:687-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo (SUNY); Buffalo NY 14260-4200 USA
| | - Jossana Damasco
- Department of Chemistry; University at Buffalo (SUNY); Buffalo NY 14260-4200 USA
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Chemistry; University at Buffalo (SUNY); Buffalo NY 14260-4200 USA
| | - Yujie Ke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo (SUNY); Buffalo NY 14260-4200 USA
| | - Mark T. Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo (SUNY); Buffalo NY 14260-4200 USA
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30
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Park SN, Sung SJ, Sim JH, Yang KJ, Hwang DK, Kim J, Kim GY, Jo W, Kim DH, Kang JK. Nanostructured p-type CZTS thin films prepared by a facile solution process for 3D p-n junction solar cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11182-11189. [PMID: 26061271 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous p-type semiconductor thin films prepared by a simple solution-based process with appropriate thermal treatment and three-dimensional (3D) p-n junction solar cells fabricated by depositing n-type semiconductor layers onto the nanoporous p-type thin films show considerable photovoltaic performance compared with conventional thin film p-n junction solar cells. Spin-coated p-type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films prepared using metal chlorides and thiourea show unique nanoporous thin film morphology, which is composed of a cluster of CZTS nanograins of 50-500 nm, and the obvious 3D p-n junction structure is fabricated by the deposition of n-type CdS on the nanoporous CZTS thin films by chemical bath deposition. The photovoltaic properties of 3D p-n junction CZTS solar cells are predominantly affected by the scale of CZTS nanograins, which is easily controlled by the sulfurization temperature of CZTS precursor films. The scale of CZTS nanograins determines the minority carrier transportation within the 3D p-n junction between CZTS and CdS, which are closely related with the photocurrent of series resistance of 3D p-n junction solar cells. 3D p-n junction CZTS solar cells with nanograins below 100 nm show power conversion efficiency of 5.02%, which is comparable with conventional CZTS thin film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nae Park
- Convergence Research Center for Solar Energy, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 711-873, Korea.
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31
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Monolithic DSSC/CIGS tandem solar cell fabricated by a solution process. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8970. [PMID: 25759191 PMCID: PMC4355678 DOI: 10.1038/srep08970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem architecture between organic (dye-sensitized solar cell, DSSC) and inorganic (CuInGaSe2 thin film solar cell, CIGS) single-junction solar cells was constructed particularly based on a solution process. Arc-plasma deposition was employed for the Pt interfacial layer to minimize the damage to the layers of the CIGS bottom cell. Solar cell efficiency of 13% was achieved, which is significant progress from individual single-junction solar cells (e.g., 7.25 and 6.2% for DSSC and CIGS, respectively).
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32
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Kovalenko MV, Manna L, Cabot A, Hens Z, Talapin DV, Kagan CR, Klimov VI, Rogach AL, Reiss P, Milliron DJ, Guyot-Sionnnest P, Konstantatos G, Parak WJ, Hyeon T, Korgel BA, Murray CB, Heiss W. Prospects of nanoscience with nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1012-57. [PMID: 25608730 DOI: 10.1021/nn506223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from medicine to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Today's strong research focus on NCs has been prompted by the tremendous progress in their synthesis. Impressively narrow size distributions of just a few percent, rational shape-engineering, compositional modulation, electronic doping, and tailored surface chemistries are now feasible for a broad range of inorganic compounds. The performance of inorganic NC-based photovoltaic and light-emitting devices has become competitive to other state-of-the-art materials. Semiconductor NCs hold unique promise for near- and mid-infrared technologies, where very few semiconductor materials are available. On a purely fundamental side, new insights into NC growth, chemical transformations, and self-organization can be gained from rapidly progressing in situ characterization and direct imaging techniques. New phenomena are constantly being discovered in the photophysics of NCs and in the electronic properties of NC solids. In this Nano Focus, we review the state of the art in research on colloidal NCs focusing on the most recent works published in the last 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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33
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Park SJ, An HS, Kim JE, Jeon HS, Yoon SS, Hwang YJ, Kim J, Kim DW, Min BK. A simple chemical route for composition graded Cu(In,Ga)S2 thin film solar cells: multi-stage paste coating. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20751g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to realize the modulation of band-gap profile in low-cost and printable CuInxGa1−xS2 thin-film solar cells, a simple chemical route, namely a multi-stage paste coating method, was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Park
- Clean Energy Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Hee Sang An
- Clean Energy Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Korea
- Green School
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Physics
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jeon
- Clean Energy Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Korea
| | | | - Yun Jeong Hwang
- Clean Energy Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physics
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Byoung Koun Min
- Clean Energy Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Korea
- Green School
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McDaniel H, Fuke N, Makarov NS, Pietryga JM, Klimov VI. An integrated approach to realizing high-performance liquid-junction quantum dot sensitized solar cells. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2887. [PMID: 24322379 PMCID: PMC3863971 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductor quantum dot solar cells offer a path towards both reduced fabrication cost and higher efficiency enabled by novel processes such as hot-electron extraction and carrier multiplication. Here we use a new class of low-cost, low-toxicity CuInSexS2-x quantum dots to demonstrate sensitized solar cells with certified efficiencies exceeding 5%. Among other material and device design improvements studied, use of a methanol-based polysulfide electrolyte results in a particularly dramatic enhancement in photocurrent and reduced series resistance. Despite the high vapour pressure of methanol, the solar cells are stable for months under ambient conditions, which is much longer than any previously reported quantum dot sensitized solar cell. This study demonstrates the large potential of CuInSexS2-x quantum dots as active materials for the realization of low-cost, robust and efficient photovoltaics as well as a platform for investigating various advanced concepts derived from the unique physics of the nanoscale size regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter McDaniel
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Crisp RW, Panthani MG, Rance WL, Duenow JN, Parilla PA, Callahan R, Dabney MS, Berry JJ, Talapin DV, Luther JM. Nanocrystal grain growth and device architectures for high-efficiency CdTe ink-based photovoltaics. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9063-72. [PMID: 25133302 DOI: 10.1021/nn502442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We study the use of cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystal colloids as a solution-processable "ink" for large-grain CdTe absorber layers in solar cells. The resulting grain structure and solar cell performance depend on the initial nanocrystal size, shape, and crystal structure. We find that inks of predominantly wurtzite tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals with arms ∼5.6 nm in diameter exhibit better device performance compared to inks composed of smaller tetrapods, irregular faceted nanocrystals, or spherical zincblende nanocrystals despite the fact that the final sintered film has a zincblende crystal structure. Five different working device architectures were investigated. The indium tin oxide (ITO)/CdTe/zinc oxide structure leads to our best performing device architecture (with efficiency >11%) compared to others including two structures with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) n-type layer typically used in high efficiency sublimation-grown CdTe solar cells. Moreover, devices without CdS have improved response at short wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Crisp
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Kirmani AR, Carey GH, Abdelsamie M, Yan B, Cha D, Rollny LR, Cui X, Sargent EH, Amassian A. Effect of solvent environment on colloidal-quantum-dot solar-cell manufacturability and performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4717-23. [PMID: 24894800 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The absorbing layer in state-of-the-art colloidal quantum-dot solar cells is fabricated using a tedious layer-by-layer process repeated ten times. It is now shown that methanol, a common exchange solvent, is the main culprit, as extended exposure leaches off the surface halide passivant, creating carrier trap states. Use of a high-dipole-moment aprotic solvent eliminates this problem and is shown to produce state-of-the-art devices in far fewer steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Kirmani
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Freitas JN, Gonçalves AS, Nogueira AF. A comprehensive review of the application of chalcogenide nanoparticles in polymer solar cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6371-6397. [PMID: 24839190 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00868e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review the use of solution-processed chalcogenide quantum dots (CdS, CdSe, PbS, etc.) in hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells is explored. Such devices are known as potential candidates for low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion, and compose the so-called third generation solar cells. The incorporation of oxides and metal nanoparticles has also been successfully achieved in this new class of photovoltaic devices; however, we choose to explore here chalcogenide quantum dots in light of their particularly attractive optical and electronic properties. We address herein a comprehensive review of the historical background and state-of-the-art comprising the incorporation of such nanoparticles in polymer matrices. Later strategies for surface chemistry manipulation, in situ synthesis of nanoparticles, use of continuous 3D nanoparticles network (aerogels) and ternary systems are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilian N Freitas
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer - CTI, Rodovia D. Pedro I, Km 143,6, 13069-901, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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An HS, Cho Y, Park SJ, Jeon HS, Hwang YJ, Kim DW, Min BK. Cocktails of paste coatings for performance enhancement of CuInGaS(2) thin-film solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:888-893. [PMID: 24377257 DOI: 10.1021/am404164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To fabricate low-cost and printable wide-bandgap CuInxGa1-xS2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, a method based on a precursor solution was developed. In particular, under this method, multiple coatings with two pastes with different properties (e.g., viscosity) because of the different binder materials added were applied. Paste A could form a thin, dense layer enabling a high-efficiency solar cell but required several coating and drying cycles for the desired film thickness. On the other hand, paste B could easily form one-micrometer-thick films by means of a one-time spin-coating process but the porous microstructure limited the solar cell performance. Three different configurations of the CIGS films (A + B, B + A, and A + B + A) were realized by multiple coatings with the two pastes to find the optimal stacking configuration for a combination of the advantages of each paste. Solar cell devices using these films showed a notable difference in their photovoltaic characteristics. The bottom dense layer increased the minority carrier diffusion length and enhanced the short-circuit current. The top dense layer could suppress interface recombination but exhibited a low optical absorption, thereby decreasing the photocurrent. As a result, the A + B configuration could be suggested as a desirable simple stacking structure. The solar cell with A + B coating showed a highly improved efficiency (4.66%) compared to the cell with a film prepared by paste B only (2.90%), achieved by simple insertion of a single thin (200 nm), dense layer between the Mo back contact and a thick porous CIGS layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sang An
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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Harvey TB, Mori I, Stolle CJ, Bogart TD, Ostrowski DP, Glaz MS, Du J, Pernik DR, Akhavan VA, Kesrouani H, Vanden Bout DA, Korgel BA. Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic devices made using multistep selenization of nanocrystal films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9134-9140. [PMID: 23957691 DOI: 10.1021/am4025142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices made with ink-deposited Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2 (CIGS) nanocrystal layers can be enhanced by sintering the nanocrystals with a high temperature selenization process. This process, however, can be challenging to control. Here, we report that ink deposition followed by annealing under inert gas and then selenization can provide better control over CIGS nanocrystal sintering and yield generally improved device efficiency. Annealing under argon at 525 °C removes organic ligands and diffuses sodium from the underlying soda lime glass into the Mo back contact to improve the rate and quality of nanocrystal sintering during selenization at 500 °C. Shorter selenization time alleviates excessive MoSe2 formation at the Mo back contact that leads to film delamination, which in turn enables multiple cycles of nanocrystal deposition and selenization to create thicker, more uniform absorber films. Devices with power conversion efficiency greater than 7% are fabricated using the multiple step nanocrystal deposition and sintering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Harvey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Texas Materials Institute and Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and §Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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