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Villajos JA, Balderas-Xicohténcatl R, Al Shakhs AN, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Buckley CE, Cazorla-Amorós D, Charalambopoulou G, Couturas F, Cuevas F, Fairen-Jimenez D, Heinselman KN, Humphries TD, Kaskel S, Kim H, Marco-Lozar JP, Oh H, Parilla PA, Paskevicius M, Senkovska I, Shulda S, Silvestre-Albero J, Steriotis T, Tampaxis C, Hirscher M, Maiwald M. Establishing ZIF-8 as a reference material for hydrogen cryoadsorption: An interlaboratory study. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300794. [PMID: 38165137 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen storage by cryoadsorption on porous materials has the advantages of low material cost, safety, fast kinetics, and high cyclic stability. The further development of this technology requires reliable data on the H2 uptake of the adsorbents, however, even for activated carbons the values between different laboratories show sometimes large discrepancies. So far no reference material for hydrogen cryoadsorption is available. The metal-organic framework ZIF-8 is an ideal material possessing high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability that reduces degradation during handling and activation. Here, we distributed ZIF-8 pellets synthesized by extrusion to 9 laboratories equipped with 15 different experimental setups including gravimetric and volumetric analyzers. The gravimetric H2 uptake of the pellets was measured at 77 K and up to 100 bar showing a high reproducibility between the different laboratories, with a small relative standard deviation of 3-4 % between pressures of 10-100 bar. The effect of operating variables like the amount of sample or analysis temperature was evaluated, remarking the calibration of devices and other correction procedures as the most significant deviation sources. Overall, the reproducible hydrogen cryoadsorption measurements indicate the robustness of the ZIF-8 pellets, which we want to propose as a reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Villajos
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
- Centro Ibérico de Investigación en Almacenamiento Energético (CIIAE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Balderas-Xicohténcatl
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Current address: Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V., Münnchen, Germany
| | - Ali N Al Shakhs
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabrice Couturas
- Université Paris Est Creteil (CNRS-ICMPE-UMR7182), Thiais, France
| | - Fermin Cuevas
- Université Paris Est Creteil (CNRS-ICMPE-UMR7182), Thiais, France
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Stefan Kaskel
- Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Hyunlim Kim
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | - Hyunchul Oh
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Shulda
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Denver, USA
| | | | - Theodore Steriotis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" (NCSRD), Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Tampaxis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" (NCSRD), Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Hirscher
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michael Maiwald
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
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2
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Halder A, Klein RA, Shulda S, McCarver GA, Parilla PA, Furukawa H, Brown CM, McGuirk CM. Multivariate Flexible Framework with High Usable Hydrogen Capacity in a Reduced Pressure Swing Process. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8033-8042. [PMID: 36995256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Step-shaped adsorption-desorption of gaseous payloads by flexible metal-organic frameworks can facilitate the delivery of large usable capacities with significantly reduced energetic penalties. This is desirable for the storage, transport, and delivery of H2, as prototypical adsorbents require large swings in pressure and temperature to achieve usable capacities approaching their total capacities. However, the weak physisorption of H2 typically necessitates undesirably high pressures to induce the framework phase change. As de novo design of flexible frameworks is exceedingly challenging, the ability to intuitively adapt known frameworks is required. We demonstrate that the multivariate linker approach is a powerful tool for tuning the phase change behavior of flexible frameworks. In this work, 2-methyl-5,6-difluorobenzimidazolate was solvothermally incorporated into the known framework CdIF-13 (sod-Cd(benzimidazolate)2), resulting in the multivariate framework sod-Cd(benzimidazolate)1.87(2-methyl-5,6-difluorobenzimidazolate)0.13 (ratio = 14:1), which exhibited a considerably reduced stepped adsorption threshold pressure while maintaining the desirable adsorption-desorption profile and capacity of CdIF-13. At 77 K, the multivariate framework exhibits stepped H2 adsorption with saturation below 50 bar and minimal desorption hysteresis at 5 bar. At 87 K, saturation of step-shaped adsorption occurs by 90 bar, with hysteresis closing at 30 bar. These adsorption-desorption profiles enable usable capacities in a mild pressure swing process above 1 mass %, representing 85-92% of the total capacities. This work demonstrates that the desirable performance of flexible frameworks can be readily adapted through the multivariate approach to enable efficient storage and delivery of weakly physisorbing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryan A Klein
- Material, Chemical, and Computational Sciences Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sarah Shulda
- Material, Chemical, and Computational Sciences Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gavin A McCarver
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Philip A Parilla
- Material, Chemical, and Computational Sciences Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hiroyasu Furukawa
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Craig M Brown
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - C Michael McGuirk
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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3
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Bell RT, Strange NA, Plattenberger DA, Shulda S, Park JE, Ambrosini A, Heinselman KN, Sugar JD, Parilla PA, Coker EN, McDaniel A, Ginley DS. Synthesis and structure of high-purity BaCe 0.25Mn 0.75O 3: an improved material for thermochemical water splitting. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622010393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solar thermochemical hydrogen production (STCH) via redox-active metal oxides is an approach for direct solar-driven hydrogen generation typically using a high-temperature redox cycle involving refractory oxides and steam. Typical cycles involve high-temperature reduction of oxides to form oxygen vacancies, followed by lower temperature reaction between oxygen vacancies and steam where the oxide is re-oxidized and the steam is reduced to hydrogen. Only a few materials have demonstrated reversible cycling under the typically harsh STCH conditions (e.g. 1500°C reduction, 900°C re-oxidation) and critical questions remain on the true reversibility of non-stoichiometric multi-cation oxide systems, significantly hampered by the lack of single-phase samples for these material systems. To date, most STCH processes have relied on CeO2 as a benchmark active material, but more recently, the 12R phase of BaCe0.25Mn0.75O3 (BCM) has demonstrated greater hydrogen-generation potential at lower peak temperatures. However, previous reports of 12R-BCM have included large fractions, > 10 wt%, of secondary phases, which complicate analysis of the stability and performance. A comprehensive understanding of the redox mechanism and reversibility of the process in BCM can only be achieved with nearly single-phase samples which, to date, have been difficult to produce. Here two approaches to BCM synthesis are reported: solid state and sol–gel-based routes. It is demonstrated that both routes can be tuned to produce the 12R structure with > 97 wt% yield when annealed ≥1450°C. Herein synchrotron-based diffraction measurements of rhombohedral 12R-BCM enabled characterization of the anisotropy between thermal expansion along the c-axis and within the ab plane. The impact of high-temperature redox cycling on the stability and phase fraction of the 12R-BCM polytype was also investigated. These results offer two viable routes for synthesis of high-purity 12R-BCM critically needed for evaluating the efficacy of BCM as a STCH material and validate its ability to split water at lower temperatures over extended numbers of redox cycles.
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4
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Klein RA, Shulda S, Parilla PA, Le Magueres P, Richardson RK, Morris W, Brown CM, McGuirk CM. Structural resolution and mechanistic insight into hydrogen adsorption in flexible ZIF-7. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15620-15631. [PMID: 35003592 PMCID: PMC8654044 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks offer a route towards high useable hydrogen storage capacities with minimal swings in pressure and temperature via step-shaped adsorption and desorption profiles. Yet, the understanding of hydrogen-induced flexibility in candidate storage materials remains incomplete. Here, we investigate the hydrogen storage properties of a quintessential flexible metal-organic framework, ZIF-7. We use high-pressure isothermal hydrogen adsorption measurements to identify the pressure-temperature conditions of the hydrogen-induced structural transition in ZIF-7. The material displays narrow hysteresis and has a shallow adsorption slope between 100 K and 125 K. To gain mechanistic insight into the cause of the phase transition correlating with stepped adsorption and desorption, we conduct powder neutron diffraction measurements of the D2 gas-dosed structures at conditions across the phase change. Rietveld refinements of the powder neutron diffraction patterns yield the structures of activated ZIF-7 and of the gas-dosed material in the dense and open phases. The structure of the activated phase of ZIF-7 is corroborated by the structure of the activated phase of the Cd congener, CdIF-13, which we report here for the first time based on single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Subsequent Rietveld refinements of the powder patterns for the gas-dosed structure reveal that the primary D2 adsorption sites in the dense phase form D2-arene interactions between adjacent ligands in a sandwich-like adsorption motif. These sites are prevalent in both the dense and the open structure for ZIF-7, and we hypothesize that they play an important role in templating the structure of the open phase. We discuss the implications of our findings for future approaches to rationally tune step-shaped adsorption in ZIF-7, its congeners, and flexible porous adsorbents in general. Lastly, important to the application of flexible frameworks, we show that pelletization of ZIF-7 produces minimal variation in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Klein
- Material, Chemical, and Computational Sciences Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado 80401 USA
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Sarah Shulda
- Material, Chemical, and Computational Sciences Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Philip A Parilla
- Material, Chemical, and Computational Sciences Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Pierre Le Magueres
- Rigaku Americas Corporation 9009 New Trails Drive The Woodlands TX 77381 USA
| | | | - William Morris
- NuMat Technologies 8025 Lamon Avenue Skokie Illinois 60077 USA
| | - Craig M Brown
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - C Michael McGuirk
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado 80401 USA
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5
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Chen Z, Mian MR, Lee SJ, Chen H, Zhang X, Kirlikovali KO, Shulda S, Melix P, Rosen AS, Parilla PA, Gennett T, Snurr RQ, Islamoglu T, Yildirim T, Farha OK. Fine-Tuning a Robust Metal-Organic Framework toward Enhanced Clean Energy Gas Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18838-18843. [PMID: 34752071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of adsorbents with molecular precision offers a promising strategy to enhance storage of hydrogen and methane─considered the fuel of the future and a transitional fuel, respectively─and to realize a carbon-neutral energy cycle. Herein we employ a postsynthetic modification strategy on a robust metal-organic framework (MOF), MFU-4l, to boost its storage capacity toward these clean energy gases. MFU-4l-Li displays one of the best volumetric deliverable hydrogen capacities of 50.2 g L-1 under combined temperature and pressure swing conditions (77 K/100 bar → 160 K/5 bar) while maintaining a moderately high gravimetric capacity of 9.4 wt %. Moreover, MFU-4l-Li demonstrates impressive methane storage performance with a 5-100 bar usable capacity of 251 cm3 (STP) cm-3 (0.38 g g-1) and 220 cm3 (STP) cm-3 (0.30 g g-1) at 270 and 296 K, respectively. Notably, these hydrogen and methane storage capacities are significantly improved compared to those of its isoreticular analogue, MFU-4l, and place MFU-4l-Li among the best MOF-based materials for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohammad Rasel Mian
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seung-Joon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haoyuan Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah Shulda
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Patrick Melix
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Andrew S Rosen
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Philip A Parilla
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas Gennett
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Taner Yildirim
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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6
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Moot T, Patel JB, McAndrews G, Wolf EJ, Morales D, Gould IE, Rosales BA, Boyd CC, Wheeler LM, Parilla PA, Johnston SW, Schelhas LT, McGehee MD, Luther JM. Temperature Coefficients of Perovskite Photovoltaics for Energy Yield Calculations. ACS Energy Lett 2021; 6:2038-2047. [PMID: 37152100 PMCID: PMC10157636 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperature coefficients for maximum power (T PCE), open circuit voltage (V OC), and short circuit current (J SC) are standard specifications included in data sheets for any commercially available photovoltaic module. To date, there has been little work on determining the T PCE for perovskite photovoltaics (PV). We fabricate perovskite solar cells with a T PCE of -0.08 rel %/°C and then disentangle the temperature-dependent effects of the perovskite absorber, contact layers, and interfaces by comparing different device architectures and using drift-diffusion modeling. A main factor contributing to the small T PCE of perovskites is their low intrinsic carrier concentrations with respect to Si and GaAs, which can be explained by its wider band gap. We demonstrate that the unique increase in E g with increasing temperatures seen for perovskites results in a reduction in J SC but positively influences V OC. The current limiting factors for the T PCE in perovskite PV are identified to originate from interfacial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Moot
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jay B. Patel
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gabriel McAndrews
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Eli J. Wolf
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Morales
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Isaac E. Gould
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Bryan A. Rosales
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Caleb C. Boyd
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lance M. Wheeler
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Philip A. Parilla
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Steven W. Johnston
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Laura T. Schelhas
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Michael D. McGehee
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- (M.D.M.)
| | - Joseph M. Luther
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado 80401, United States
- (J.M.L.)
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7
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Siol S, Holder A, Steffes J, Schelhas LT, Stone KH, Garten L, Perkins JD, Parilla PA, Toney MF, Huey BD, Tumas W, Lany S, Zakutayev A. Negative-pressure polymorphs made by heterostructural alloying. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaaq1442. [PMID: 29725620 PMCID: PMC5930396 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a material to adopt multiple structures, known as polymorphism, is a fascinating natural phenomenon. Various polymorphs with unusual properties are routinely synthesized by compression under positive pressure. However, changing a material's structure by applying tension under negative pressure is much more difficult. We show how negative-pressure polymorphs can be synthesized by mixing materials with different crystal structures-a general approach that should be applicable to many materials. Theoretical calculations suggest that it costs less energy to mix low-density structures than high-density structures, due to less competition for space between the atoms. Proof-of-concept experiments confirm that mixing two different high-density forms of MnSe and MnTe stabilizes a Mn(Se,Te) alloy with a low-density wurtzite structure. This Mn(Se,Te) negative-pressure polymorph has 2× to 4× lower electron effective mass compared to MnSe and MnTe parent compounds and has a piezoelectric response that none of the parent compounds have. This example shows how heterostructural alloying can lead to negative-pressure polymorphs with useful properties-materials that are otherwise nearly impossible to make.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Siol
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Aaron Holder
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin H. Stone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Lauren Garten
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - William Tumas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Stephan Lany
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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8
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Kapelewski MT, Runčevski T, Tarver JD, Jiang HZH, Hurst KE, Parilla PA, Ayala A, Gennett T, FitzGerald SA, Brown CM, Long JR. Record High Hydrogen Storage Capacity in the Metal-Organic Framework Ni 2( m-dobdc) at Near-Ambient Temperatures. Chem Mater 2018; 30:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03276. [PMID: 32165787 PMCID: PMC7067217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen holds promise as a clean alternative automobile fuel, but its on-board storage presents significant challenges due to the low temperatures and/or high pressures required to achieve a sufficient energy density. The opportunity to significantly reduce the required pressure for high density H2 storage persists for metal-organic frameworks due to their modular structures and large internal surface areas. The measurement of H2 adsorption in such materials under conditions most relevant to on-board storage is crucial to understanding how these materials would perform in actual applications, although such data have to date been lacking. In the present work, the metal-organic frameworks M2(m-dobdc) (M = Co, Ni; m-dobdc4- = 4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) and the isomeric frameworks M2(dobdc) (M = Co, Ni; dobdc4- = 1,4-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate), which are known to have open metal cation sites that strongly interact with H2, were evaluated for their usable volumetric H2 storage capacities over a range of near-ambient temperatures relevant to on-board storage. Based upon adsorption isotherm data, Ni2(m-dobdc) was found to be the top-performing physisorptive storage material with a usable volumetric capacity between 100 and 5 bar of 11.0 g/L at 25 °C and 23.0 g/L with a temperature swing between -75 and 25 °C. Additional neutron diffraction and infrared spectroscopy experiments performed with in situ dosing of D2 or H2 were used to probe the hydrogen storage properties of these materials under the relevant conditions. The results provide benchmark characteristics for comparison with future attempts to achieve improved adsorbents for mobile hydrogen storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Kapelewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tomče Runčevski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jacob D. Tarver
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Henry Z. H. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katherine E. Hurst
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Philip A. Parilla
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anthony Ayala
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas Gennett
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Craig M. Brown
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Abstract
A combined theoretical and experimental approach was used to determine the equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium solubility lines in the quaternary Sn1−yMnyTe1−xSex alloy space, revealing a large area of accessible metastable phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Holder
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
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10
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Fields JD, Ahmad MI, Pool VL, Yu J, Van Campen DG, Parilla PA, Toney MF, van Hest MFAM. The formation mechanism for printed silver-contacts for silicon solar cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11143. [PMID: 27033774 PMCID: PMC4821991 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Screen-printing provides an economically attractive means for making Ag electrical contacts to Si solar cells, but the use of Ag substantiates a significant manufacturing cost, and the glass frit used in the paste to enable contact formation contains Pb. To achieve optimal electrical performance and to develop pastes with alternative, abundant and non-toxic materials, a better understanding the contact formation process during firing is required. Here, we use in situ X-ray diffraction during firing to reveal the reaction sequence. The findings suggest that between 500 and 650 °C PbO in the frit etches the SiNx antireflective-coating on the solar cell, exposing the Si surface. Then, above 650 °C, Ag+ dissolves into the molten glass frit – key for enabling deposition of metallic Ag on the emitter surface and precipitation of Ag nanocrystals within the glass. Ultimately, this work clarifies contact formation mechanisms and suggests approaches for development of inexpensive, nontoxic solar cell contacting pastes. The mechanism of contact formation during the firing of screen-printed contacts to Si solar cells remains elusive. Here, Fields et al. use in situ X-ray diffraction during firing to reveal the reaction sequence, thus suggesting approaches for development of inexpensive, nontoxic solar cell contacting pastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Fields
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Md Imteyaz Ahmad
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Vanessa L Pool
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jiafan Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Douglas G Van Campen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Philip A Parilla
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Maikel F A M van Hest
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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11
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Ortiz BR, Peng H, Lopez A, Parilla PA, Lany S, Toberer ES. Effect of extended strain fields on point defect phonon scattering in thermoelectric materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19410-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive computational descriptors for point defect scattering in alloyed thermoelectric systems developed through a combination of ab initio computation and experimental validation.
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12
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Ahmad MI, Van Campen DG, Fields JD, Yu J, Pool VL, Parilla PA, Ginley DS, Van Hest MFAM, Toney MF. Rapid thermal processing chamber for in-situ x-ray diffraction. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:013902. [PMID: 25638092 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is widely used for processing a variety of materials, including electronics and photovoltaics. Presently, optimization of RTP is done primarily based on ex-situ studies. As a consequence, the precise reaction pathways and phase progression during the RTP remain unclear. More awareness of the reaction pathways would better enable process optimization and foster increased adoption of RTP, which offers numerous advantages for synthesis of a broad range of materials systems. To achieve this, we have designed and developed a RTP instrument that enables real-time collection of X-ray diffraction data with intervals as short as 100 ms, while heating with ramp rates up to 100 °Cs(-1), and with a maximum operating temperature of 1200 °C. The system is portable and can be installed on a synchrotron beamline. The unique capabilities of this instrument are demonstrated with in-situ characterization of a Bi2O3-SiO2 glass frit obtained during heating with ramp rates 5 °C s(-1) and 100 °C s(-1), revealing numerous phase changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imteyaz Ahmad
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Douglas G Van Campen
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jeremy D Fields
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jiafan Yu
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Vanessa L Pool
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Philip A Parilla
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - David S Ginley
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Maikel F A M Van Hest
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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13
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Crisp RW, Panthani MG, Rance WL, Duenow JN, Parilla PA, Callahan R, Dabney MS, Berry JJ, Talapin DV, Luther JM. Nanocrystal grain growth and device architectures for high-efficiency CdTe ink-based photovoltaics. ACS Nano 2014; 8:9063-72. [PMID: 25133302 DOI: 10.1021/nn502442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We study the use of cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystal colloids as a solution-processable "ink" for large-grain CdTe absorber layers in solar cells. The resulting grain structure and solar cell performance depend on the initial nanocrystal size, shape, and crystal structure. We find that inks of predominantly wurtzite tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals with arms ∼5.6 nm in diameter exhibit better device performance compared to inks composed of smaller tetrapods, irregular faceted nanocrystals, or spherical zincblende nanocrystals despite the fact that the final sintered film has a zincblende crystal structure. Five different working device architectures were investigated. The indium tin oxide (ITO)/CdTe/zinc oxide structure leads to our best performing device architecture (with efficiency >11%) compared to others including two structures with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) n-type layer typically used in high efficiency sublimation-grown CdTe solar cells. Moreover, devices without CdS have improved response at short wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Crisp
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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14
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Zakutayev A, Luciano FJ, Bollinger VP, Sigdel AK, Ndione PF, Perkins JD, Berry JJ, Parilla PA, Ginley DS. Development and application of an instrument for spatially resolved Seebeck coefficient measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:053905. [PMID: 23742564 DOI: 10.1063/1.4804634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Seebeck coefficient is a key indicator of the majority carrier type (electrons or holes) in a material. The recent trend toward the development of combinatorial materials research methods has necessitated the development of a new high-throughput approach to measuring the Seebeck coefficient at spatially distinct points across any sample. The overall strategy of the high-throughput experiments is to quickly identify the region of interest on the sample at some expense of accuracy, and then study this region by more conventional techniques. The instrument for spatially resolved Seebeck coefficient measurements reported here relies on establishing a temperature difference across the entire compositionally graded thin-film and consecutive mapping of the resulting voltage as a function of position, which facilitates the temperature-dependent measurements up to 400 °C. The results of the designed instrument are verified at ambient temperature to be repeatable over 10 identical samples and accurate to within 10% versus conventional Seebeck coefficient measurements over the -100 to +150 μV/K range using both n-type and p-type conductive oxides as test cases. The developed instrument was used to determine the sign of electrical carriers of compositionally graded Zn-Co-O and Ni-Co-O libraries prepared by combinatorial sputtering. As a result of this study, both cobalt-based materials were determined to have p-type conduction over a broad single-phase region of chemical compositions and small variation of the Seebeck coefficient over the entire investigated range of compositions and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Zakutayev
- National Center for Photovoltaics, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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15
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Periasamy P, Guthrey HL, Abdulagatov AI, Ndione PF, Berry JJ, Ginley DS, George SM, Parilla PA, O'Hayre RP. Metal-insulator-metal diodes: role of the insulator layer on the rectification performance. Adv Mater 2013; 25:1301-1308. [PMID: 23288580 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Periasamy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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16
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Hurst KE, Heben MJ, Blackburn JL, Gennett T, Dillon AC, Parilla PA. A dynamic calibration technique for temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:025103. [PMID: 23464247 DOI: 10.1063/1.4770115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel, rapid and accurate calibration procedure as a means for quantitative gas desorption measurement by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectroscopy is presented. Quantitative measurement beyond the linear regime of the instrument is achieved by associating an instantaneous calibrated molar flow rate of gas to the detector response. This technique is based on fundamental methods, and is independently verified by comparison to the hydrogen desorption capacity of a known standard metal hydride with known stoichiometry. The TPD calibration procedure described here may be used for any pure gas, and the accuracy is demonstrated for the specific case of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hurst
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80403, USA.
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17
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Farha OK, Wilmer CE, Eryazici I, Hauser BG, Parilla PA, O’Neill K, Sarjeant AA, Nguyen ST, Snurr RQ, Hupp JT. Designing Higher Surface Area Metal–Organic Frameworks: Are Triple Bonds Better Than Phenyls? J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9860-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302623w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and
International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Christopher E. Wilmer
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, United States
| | - Ibrahim Eryazici
- Department of Chemistry and
International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Brad G. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry and
International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Philip A. Parilla
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin O’Neill
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Department of Chemistry and
International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and
International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Randall Q. Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, United States
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and
International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
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18
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Periasamy P, Berry JJ, Dameron AA, Bergeson JD, Ginley DS, O'Hayre RP, Parilla PA. Fabrication and characterization of MIM diodes based on Nb/Nb2O5 via a rapid screening technique. Adv Mater 2011; 23:3080-3085. [PMID: 21608052 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Periasamy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, 80401, USA
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19
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Pfeifer P, Burress JW, Wood MB, Lapilli CM, Barker SA, Pobst JS, Cepel RJ, Wexler C, Shah PS, Gordon MJ, Suppes GJ, Buckley SP, Radke DJ, Ilavsky J, Dillon AC, Parilla PA, Benham M, Roth MW. HIGH-SURFACE-AREA BIOCARBONS FOR REVERSIBLE ON-BOARD STORAGE OF NATURAL GAS AND HYDROGEN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-1041-r02-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn overview is given of the development of advanced nanoporous carbons as storage ma-terials for natural gas (methane) and molecular hydrogen in on-board fuel tanks for next-generation clean automobiles. The carbons are produced in a multi-step process from corncob, have surface areas of up to 3500 m2/g, porosities of up to 0.8, and reversibly store, by physisorp-tion, record amounts of methane and hydrogen. Current best gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities are: 250 g CH4/kg carbon and 130 g CH4/liter carbon (199 V/V) at 35 bar and 293 K; and 80 g H2/kg carbon and 47 g H2/liter carbon at 47 bar and 77 K. This is the first time the DOE methane storage target of 180 V/V at 35 bar and ambient temperature has been reached and exceeded. The hydrogen values compare favorably with the 2010 DOE gravimetric and volu-metric targets for hydrogen. A prototype adsorbed natural gas (ANG) tank, loaded with carbon monoliths produced accordingly and currently undergoing a road test in Kansas City, is de-scribed. A preliminary analysis of the surface and pore structure is given that may shed light on the mechanisms leading to the extraordinary storage capacities of these materials. The analysis includes pore-size distributions from nitrogen adsorption isotherms; spatial organization of pores across the entire solid from small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS); pore entrances from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); H2 binding energies from temperature-programmed desorption (TPD); and analysis of surface defects from Raman spectra. For future materials, expected to have higher H2 binding energies via appropriate sur-face functionalization, preliminary projections of H2 storage capacities based on molecular dy-namics simulations of adsorption of H2 on graphite, are reported.
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20
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Jin Z, Sun Z, Simpson LJ, O’Neill KJ, Parilla PA, Li Y, Stadie NP, Ahn CC, Kittrell C, Tour JM. Solution-Phase Synthesis of Heteroatom-Substituted Carbon Scaffolds for Hydrogen Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:15246-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105428d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Zhengzong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Lin J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Kevin J. O’Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Philip A. Parilla
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Nicholas P. Stadie
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Channing C. Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - Carter Kittrell
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 138-78,
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21
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Widjonarko NE, Perkins JD, Leisch JE, Parilla PA, Curtis CJ, Ginley DS, Berry JJ. Stoichiometric analysis of compositionally graded combinatorial amorphous thin film oxides using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:073103. [PMID: 20687701 DOI: 10.1063/1.3455218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a recently developed locally destructive elemental analysis technique that can be used to analyze solid, liquid, and gaseous samples. In the system explored here, a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablates a small amount of the sample and spectral emission from the plume is analyzed using a set of synchronized spectrometers. We explore the use of LIBS to map the stoichiometry of compositionally graded amorphous indium zinc oxide thin-film libraries. After optimization of the experimental parameters (distance between lens and samples, spot size on the samples, etc.), the LIBS system was calibrated against inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy which resulted in a very consistent LIBS-based elemental analysis. Various parameters that need to be watched closely in order to produce consistent results are discussed. We also compare LIBS and x-ray fluorescence as techniques for the compositional mapping of libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Edwin Widjonarko
- Department of Physics, 390 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
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22
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Park S, Baker JO, Himmel ME, Parilla PA, Johnson DK. Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance. Biotechnol Biofuels 2010; 3:10. [PMID: 20497524 PMCID: PMC2890632 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1127] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although measurements of crystallinity index (CI) have a long history, it has been found that CI varies significantly depending on the choice of measurement method. In this study, four different techniques incorporating X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were compared using eight different cellulose preparations. We found that the simplest method, which is also the most widely used, and which involves measurement of just two heights in the X-ray diffractogram, produced significantly higher crystallinity values than did the other methods. Data in the literature for the cellulose preparation used (Avicel PH-101) support this observation. We believe that the alternative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR methods presented here, which consider the contributions from amorphous and crystalline cellulose to the entire XRD and NMR spectra, provide a more accurate measure of the crystallinity of cellulose. Although celluloses having a high amorphous content are usually more easily digested by enzymes, it is unclear, based on studies published in the literature, whether CI actually provides a clear indication of the digestibility of a cellulose sample. Cellulose accessibility should be affected by crystallinity, but is also likely to be affected by several other parameters, such as lignin/hemicellulose contents and distribution, porosity, and particle size. Given the methodological dependency of cellulose CI values and the complex nature of cellulase interactions with amorphous and crystalline celluloses, we caution against trying to correlate relatively small changes in CI with changes in cellulose digestibility. In addition, the prediction of cellulase performance based on low levels of cellulose conversion may not include sufficient digestion of the crystalline component to be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Park
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John O Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Philip A Parilla
- National Center for Photovoltaics, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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23
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Leonard AD, Hudson JL, Fan H, Booker R, Simpson LJ, O’Neill KJ, Parilla PA, Heben MJ, Pasquali M, Kittrell C, Tour JM. Nanoengineered Carbon Scaffolds for Hydrogen Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 131:723-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806633p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Leonard
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Jared L. Hudson
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Hua Fan
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Richard Booker
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Lin J. Simpson
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Kevin J. O’Neill
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Philip A. Parilla
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Michael J. Heben
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Carter Kittrell
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - James M. Tour
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401
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Liu S, Bremer MT, Lovaasen J, Caruso AN, O'Neill K, Simpson L, Parilla PA, Heben MJ, Schulz DL. Structural and magnetic studies of two-dimensional solvent-free manganeseII complexes prepared via ligand exchange reaction under solvothermal conditions. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:1568-75. [PMID: 18257550 DOI: 10.1021/ic7020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systematic investigation of the ligand exchange reactions between manganese(II) acetate and benzoic acid under solvothermal conditions led to the isolation of crystalline complexes {Mn5(OC(O)CH3)6(OC(O)C6H5)4}(infinity) ( 1) and {Mn5(OC(O)CH3)4(OC(O)C6H5)6}}(infinity) ( 2) in high (i.e., >90%) yields. The complexes are characterized structurally as 2-D honeycomb-like sheets comprised of edge-shared Mn 12 loops with some noteworthy differences as follows. First, buckling of the 2-D sheet in 1 is not observed for 2, presumably as a consequence of additional intersheet phenyl groups in the latter. Second, complex 1 is comprised of only six-coordinate MnII, while 2 has both pseudo-octahedral and distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordinate metal ions. Third, while complex 2 exhibits pi-stacking interactions with intersheet phenyl-phenyl contacts of 3.285 and 3.369 A, 1 exhibits no such bonding. Antiferromagnetic exchange is observed with Weiss constants (theta) of -28 and -56 K and Neel temperatures of 2.2 and 8.2 K for complexes 1 and 2, respectively. The paramagnetic transition at higher temperatures for complex 2 may be attributed to pi-pi exchange through phenyl groups in adjacent layers. Preliminary gas sorption studies (76 K) indidate preferential adsorption of H2 versus N2 for complex 1 only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1805 NDSU Research Park Drive, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
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Zhang Y, Islam Z, Ren Y, Parilla PA, Ahrenkiel SP, Lee PL, Mascarenhas A, McNevin MJ, Naumov I, Fu HX, Huang XY, Li J. Zero thermal expansion in a nanostructured inorganic-organic hybrid crystal. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:215901. [PMID: 18233229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.215901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
There are very few materials that exhibit zero thermal expansion (ZTE), and of these even fewer are appropriate for electronic and optoelectronic applications. We find that a multifunctional crystalline hybrid inorganic-organic semiconductor, beta-ZnTe(en)(0.5) (en denotes ethylenediamine), shows uniaxial ZTE in a very broad temperature range of 4-400 K, and concurrently possesses superior electronic and optical properties. The ZTE behavior is a result of compensation of contraction and expansion of different segments along the inorganic-organic stacking axis. This work suggests an alternative route to designing materials in a nanoscopic scale with ZTE or any desired positive or negative thermal expansion (PTE or NTE), which is supported by preliminary data for ZnTe(pda)(0.5) (pda denotes 1,3-propanediamine) with a larger molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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26
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Wagg LM, Hornyak GL, Grigorian L, Dillon AC, Jones KM, Blackburn J, Parilla PA, Heben MJ. Experimental Gibbs Free Energy Considerations in the Nucleation and Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10435-40. [PMID: 16852264 DOI: 10.1021/jp050445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gas feed composition and reaction temperature were varied to identify the thermodynamic threshold conditions for the nucleation and growth of SWNT from methane on supported Fe/Mo catalyst. These reaction conditions closely approximate the pseudoequilibrium conditions that lead to the nucleation and growth of SWNT. These measurements also serve to determine an upper limit of the Gibbs free energy of formation for SWNT. The Gibbs free energy of formation relative to graphite is in good agreement with literature values predicted from simulations for SWNT nuclei containing approximately 80 atoms, while considerably larger than that predicted for bulk (5,5) SWNT. Our estimate over the range 700 to 1000 degrees C of 16.1 to 13.9 kJ mol(-1) falls between the results of these simulations and literature values for diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry M Wagg
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Nanostructured Materials Research Group, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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Parilla PA, Dillon AC, Parkinson BA, Jones KM, Alleman J, Riker G, Ginley DS, Heben MJ. Formation of Nanooctahedra in Molybdenum Disulfide and Molybdenum Diselenide Using Pulsed Laser Vaporization. J Phys Chem B 2004; 108:6197-207. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036202+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taylor MP, Readey DW, Teplin CW, van Hest MFAM, Alleman JL, Dabney MS, Gedvilas LM, Keyes BM, To B, Parilla PA, Perkins JD, Ginley DS. Combinatorial Growth and Analysis of the Transparent Conducting Oxide ZnO/In(IZO). Macromol Rapid Commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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McGraw JM, Bahn CS, Parilla PA, Perkins JD, Readey DW, Ginley DS. Li ion diffusion measurements in V2O5 and Li(Co1−xAlx)O2 thin-film battery cathodes. Electrochim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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