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Tiller P, Park H, Cruz D, Carrejo E, Johnson DK, Mittal A, Venditti R, Park S. Techno-economic analysis of biomass value-added processing informed by pilot scale de-ashing of paper sludge feedstock. Bioresour Technol 2024; 401:130744. [PMID: 38677384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Paper sludge biomass represents an underutilized feedstock rich in pulped and processed cellulose which is currently a waste stream with significant disposal cost to industry for landfilling services. Effective fractionation of the cellulose from paper sludge presents an opportunity to yield cellulose as feedstock for value-added processes. A novel approach to cellulose fractionation is the sidehill screening system, herein studied at the pilot-plant scale. Composition analysis determined ash removal and carbohydrate retention of both sidehill and high-performance benchtop screening systems. Sidehill screening resulted in greater carbohydrates retention relative to benchtop screening (90% vs 66%) and similar ash removal (95% vs 98%). Techno-economic analysis for production of sugar syrup yielded a minimum selling price of $331/metric ton of sugar syrup including disposal savings, significantly less than a commercial sugar syrup without fractionation. Sensitivity analysis showed that screening conditions played a significant role in economic feasibility for cellulosic yield and downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix Tiller
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hyeonji Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David Cruz
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Edgar Carrejo
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources & Enabling Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Ashutosh Mittal
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Renewable Resources & Enabling Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Richard Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sunkyu Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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2
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Kim Y, Pool E, Kim E, Dampalla CS, Nguyen HN, Johnson DK, Lovell S, Groutas WC, Chang KO. Potent small molecule inhibitors against the 3C protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0337223. [PMID: 38466127 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03372-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most devastating diseases of livestock which can cause significant economic losses, especially when introduced to FMD-free countries. FMD virus (FMDV) belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is antigenically heterogeneous with seven established serotypes. The prevailing preventive and control strategies are limited to restriction of animal movement and elimination of infected or exposed animals, which can be potentially combined with vaccination. However, FMD vaccination has limitations including delayed protection and lack of cross-protection against different serotypes. Recently, antiviral drug use for FMD outbreaks has increasingly been recognized as a potential tool to augment the existing early response strategies, but limited research has been reported on potential antiviral compounds for FMDV. FMDV 3C protease (3Cpro) cleaves the viral-encoded polyprotein into mature and functional proteins during viral replication. The essential role of viral 3Cpro in viral replication and the high conservation of 3Cpro among different FMDV serotypes make it an excellent target for antiviral drug development. We have previously reported multiple series of inhibitors against picornavirus 3Cpro or 3C-like proteases (3CLpros) encoded by coronaviruses or caliciviruses. In this study, we conducted structure-activity relationship studies for our in-house focused compound library containing 3Cpro or 3CLpro inhibitors against FMDV 3Cpro using enzyme and cell-based assays. Herein, we report the discovery of aldehyde and α-ketoamide inhibitors of FMDV 3Cpro with high potency. These data inform future preclinical studies that are related to the advancement of these compounds further along the drug development pathway.IMPORTANCEFood-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) causes devastating disease in cloven-hoofed animals with a significant economic impact. Emergency response to FMD outbreaks to limit FMD spread is critical, and the use of antivirals may overcome the limitations of existing control measures by providing immediate protection for susceptible animals. FMDV encodes 3C protease (3Cpro), which is essential for virus replication and an attractive target for antiviral drug discovery. Here, we report a structure-activity relationship study on multiple series of protease inhibitors and identified potent inhibitors of FMDV 3Cpro. Our results suggest that these compounds have the potential for further development as FMD antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Emma Pool
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Harry Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - William C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, Rentería I, Johnson DK, Moncada-Jiménez J, García-Suárez PC. Physical exercise and cognition in older adults, a scientific approach scanty reported in Latin America and Caribbean populations. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1368593. [PMID: 38606115 PMCID: PMC11007137 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1368593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of public services, including the increased accessibility of health services, has led to a rise in life expectancy globally. As a result, aging populations are becoming more prevalent, raising concerns about cognitive decline. Fortunately, non-pharmacological methods, such as physical exercise, have been shown to mitigate the effects of aging on the brain. In this perspective article, we examined meta-analyses on the impact of physical exercise on cognition in older adults. The results indicate that combined exercise (i.e., aerobic plus strength training), has a significant positive effect on overall cognition and executive function. However, we found a lack of scientific studies on this topic in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Therefore, there is a pressing need for research to identify the feasibility of physical exercise interventions to improve cognitive skills in older adults from these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Patricia C. García-Suárez
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
- Department of Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Myers MJ, Xu Z, Ryan BJ, DeMars ZR, Ridder MJ, Johnson DK, Krute CN, Flynn TS, Kashipathy MM, Battaile KP, Schnicker N, Lovell S, Freudenthal BD, Bose JL. Molecular basis for the activation of the Fatty Acid Kinase complex of Staphylococcus aureus. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.19.585040. [PMID: 38562735 PMCID: PMC10983944 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria utilize a Fatty Acid Kinase (FAK) complex to harvest fatty acids from the environment. The complex, consisting of the fatty acid kinase, FakA, and an acyl carrier protein, FakB, is known to impact virulence and disease outcomes. However, FAK's structure and enzymatic mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, we used a combination of modeling, biochemical, and cell-based approaches to establish critical details of FAK activity. Solved structures of the apo and ligand-bound FakA kinase domain captured the protein state through ATP hydrolysis. Additionally, targeted mutagenesis of an understudied FakA Middle domain identified critical residues within a metal-binding pocket that contribute to FakA dimer stability and protein function. Regarding the complex, we demonstrated nanomolar affinity between FakA and FakB and generated computational models of the complex's quaternary structure. Together, these data provide critical insight into the structure and function of the FAK complex which is essential for understanding its mechanism.
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Gupta A, Mahnken JD, Bernal J, Sharma P, Lepping RJ, Montgomery RN, Johnson DK, Parks A, Burns JM, Drew DA, Sarnak MJ, Brooks WM. Changes in Cognitive Function After Kidney Transplantation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2024:S0272-6386(24)00624-3. [PMID: 38423160 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Kidney disease negatively affects cognition. We assessed the effect of kidney transplantation (KT) on different cognitive domains. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We examined pre- versus post-KT cognition in patients waitlisted for KT at an academic center. PREDICTORS Transplant status. We measured cognitive function before KT (n=101), 3 months after KT (n=78), and 1 year after KT (n = 83). OUTCOMES Our primary outcome was change in cognitive function before versus after KT. We used standard neuropsychological tests to assess global cognition (Mini-Mental State Exam [MMSE]), episodic/declarative memory (Logical Memory), psychomotor speed/visuospatial function (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST], Trail Making Test [TMT] A), working memory/attention (Digit Span), executive function (TMT B), and semantic memory/verbal fluency/language (Category Fluency). ANALYTICAL APPROACH Using linear mixed model analysis, we evaluated the changes in neuropsychological test scores adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and number of assessments. RESULTS Before KT, Logical Memory I and II, DSST, MMSE, Category Fluency (animal naming), and Digit Span backward scores were low compared with normative values from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data. Logical Memory I and II scores improved after KT (pre- vs post-KT, estimated group difference [d]=3.3, P<0.001 for Logical Memory I; d=4.27, P<0.001 for Logical Memory II), such that post-KT scores were similar to normative values (post-KT vs normative values, d = -0.37, P=0.06 for Logical Memory I; d = -0.89, P=0.08 for Logical Memory II). Category Fluency (animal naming; d=2.4, P<0.001) and DSST (d=3.12, P=0.01) scores also improved with KT, but post-KT DSST scores remained lower than normative values (post-KT vs normative values, d = -5.17, P<0.001). MMSE, Digit Span, and TMT A and B scores did not change after KT. LIMITATIONS Single-center study. CONCLUSIONS Episodic and verbal declarative memory normalize after KT. Semantic memory, verbal fluency, language, psychomotor speed, and visuospatial function show partial improvement. Cognitive impairment in kidney disease is therefore at least partly reversible with KT. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY Cognitive impairment in kidney disease affects self-esteem, vocational abilities, quality of life, health care costs, and mortality. It is not clear whether kidney transplantation (KT) improves cognition and whether the improvement is uniform across cognitive domains. The distinction between reversible and irreversible cognitive impairment has important implications in the clinical care of patients before and after KT. We assessed cognition before KT and 3 months and 12 months after KT and discovered that episodic and verbal declarative memory normalized with KT. Semantic memory, verbal fluency, language, psychomotor speed, and visuospatial function also improved with KT but did not reach normal levels. Cognitive impairment in kidney disease is therefore at least partly reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Frontiers Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Jonathan D Mahnken
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Frontiers Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Joshua Bernal
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Palash Sharma
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rebecca J Lepping
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Robert N Montgomery
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - David K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Adam Parks
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - David A Drew
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William M Brooks
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Frontiers Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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6
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McCloskey E, Kashipathy M, Cooper A, Gao P, Johnson DK, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Davido DJ. HSV-1 ICP0 dimer domain adopts a novel β-barrel fold. Proteins 2024. [PMID: 38372168 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) is an immediate-early regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) that possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. ICP0 transactivates viral genes, in part, through its C-terminal dimer domain (residues 555-767). Deletion of this dimer domain results in reduced viral gene expression, lytic infection, and reactivation from latency. Since ICP0's dimer domain is associated with its transactivation activity and efficient viral replication, we wanted to determine the structure of this specific domain. The C-terminus of ICP0 was purified from bacteria and analyzed by X-ray crystallography to solve its structure. Each subunit or monomer in the ICP0 dimer is composed of nine β-strands and two α-helices. Interestingly, two adjacent β-strands from one monomer "reach" into the adjacent subunit during dimer formation, generating two β-barrel-like structures. Additionally, crystallographic analyses indicate a tetramer structure is formed from two β-strands of each dimer, creating a "stacking" of the β-barrels. The structural protein database searches indicate the fold or structure adopted by the ICP0 dimer is novel. The dimer is held together by an extensive network of hydrogen bonds. Computational analyses reveal that ICP0 can either form a dimer or bind to SUMO1 via its C-terminal SUMO-interacting motifs but not both. Understanding the structure of the dimer domain will provide insights into the activities of ICP0 and, ultimately, the HSV-1 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick McCloskey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Maithri Kashipathy
- Protein Structure and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Anne Cooper
- Protein Production Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Chemical Computational Biology Core, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - David J Davido
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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7
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Li P, Kim Y, Dampalla CS, Nhat Nguyen H, Meyerholz DK, Johnson DK, Lovell S, Groutas WC, Perlman S, Chang KO. Potent 3CLpro inhibitors effective against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in animal models by therapeutic treatment. mBio 2024; 15:e0287823. [PMID: 38126789 PMCID: PMC10865860 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02878-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are zoonotic betacoronaviruses that continue to have a significant impact on public health. Timely development and introduction of vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 into the clinic have substantially mitigated the burden of COVID-19. However, a limited or lacking therapeutic arsenal for SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV infections, respectively, calls for an expanded and diversified portfolio of antivirals against these coronavirus infections. In this report, we examined the efficacy of two potent 3CLpro inhibitors, 5d and 11d, in fatal animal models of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV to demonstrate their broad-spectrum activity against both viral infections. These compounds significantly increased the survival of mice in both models when treatment started 1 day post infection compared to no treatment which led to 100% fatality. Especially, the treatment with compound 11d resulted in 80% and 90% survival in SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV-infected mice, respectively. Amelioration of lung viral load and histopathological changes in treated mice correlated well with improved survival in both infection models. Furthermore, compound 11d exhibited significant antiviral activities in K18-hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant XBB.1.16. The results suggest that these are promising candidates for further development as broad-spectrum direct-acting antivirals against highly virulent human coronaviruses.IMPORTANCEHuman coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continue to have a significant impact on public health. A limited or lacking therapeutic arsenal for SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV infections calls for an expanded and diversified portfolio of antivirals against these coronavirus infections. We have previously reported a series of small-molecule 3C-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors against human coronaviruses. In this report, we demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of 3CLpro inhibitors for their broad-spectrum activity against both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV infections using the fatal animal models. The results suggest that these are promising candidates for further development as broad-spectrum direct-acting antivirals against highly virulent human coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, lowa, USA
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Harry Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | | | - David K. Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, lowa, USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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8
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McCloskey E, Kashipathy M, Cooper A, Gao P, Johnson DK, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Davido DJ. HSV-1 ICP0 Dimer Domain Adopts a Novel β-barrel Fold. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.16.575752. [PMID: 38293217 PMCID: PMC10827139 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) is an immediate-early regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) that possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. ICP0 transactivates viral genes, in part, through its C-terminal dimer domain (residues 555-767). Deletion of this dimer domain results in reduced viral gene expression, lytic infection, and reactivation from latency. Since ICP0's dimer domain is associated with its transactivation activity and efficient viral replication, we wanted to determine the structure of this specific domain. The C-terminus of ICP0 was purified from bacteria and analyzed by X-ray crystallography to solve its structure. Each subunit or monomer in the ICP0 dimer is composed of nine β-strands and two α-helices. Interestingly, two adjacent β-strands from one monomer "reach" into the adjacent subunit during dimer formation, generating two β-barrel-like structures. Additionally, crystallographic analyses indicate a tetramer structure is formed from two β-strands of each dimer, creating a "stacking" of the β-barrels. The structural protein database searches indicate the fold or structure adopted by the ICP0 dimer is novel. The dimer is held together by an extensive network of hydrogen bonds. Computational analyses reveal that ICP0 can either form a dimer or bind to SUMO1 via its C-terminal SUMO-interacting motifs but not both. Understanding the structure of the dimer domain will provide insights into the activities of ICP0 and, ultimately, the HSV-1 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick McCloskey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Maithri Kashipathy
- Protein Structure and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Anne Cooper
- Protein Production Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Chemical Computational Biology Core, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David J Davido
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Woods D, Pebler P, Johnson DK, Herron T, Hall K, Blank M, Geraci K, Williams G, Chok J, Lwi S, Curran B, Schendel K, Spinelli M, Baldo J. The California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB). Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1305529. [PMID: 38273881 PMCID: PMC10809797 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1305529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We are developing the California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB) to provide neuropsychological assessments to patients who lack test access due to cost, capacity, mobility, and transportation barriers. Methods The CCAB consists of 15 non-verbal and 17 verbal subtests normed for telemedical assessment. The CCAB runs on calibrated tablet computers over cellular or Wi-Fi connections either in a laboratory or in participants' homes. Spoken instructions and verbal stimuli are delivered through headphones using naturalistic text-to-speech voices. Verbal responses are scored in real time and recorded and transcribed offline using consensus automatic speech recognition which combines the transcripts from seven commercial ASR engines to produce timestamped transcripts more accurate than those of any single ASR engine. The CCAB is designed for supervised self-administration using a web-browser application, the Examiner. The Examiner permits examiners to record observations, view subtest performance in real time, initiate video chats, and correct potential error conditions (e.g., training and performance failures, etc.,) for multiple participants concurrently. Results Here we describe (1) CCAB usability with older (ages 50 to 89) participants; (2) CCAB psychometric properties based on normative data from 415 older participants; (3) Comparisons of the results of at-home vs. in-lab CCAB testing; (4) We also present preliminary analyses of the effects of COVID-19 infection on performance. Mean z-scores averaged over CCAB subtests showed impaired performance of COVID+ compared to COVID- participants after factoring out the contributions of Age, Education, and Gender (AEG). However, inter-cohort differences were no longer significant when performance was analyzed with a comprehensive model that factored out the influences of additional pre-existing demographic factors that distinguished COVID+ and COVID- cohorts (e.g., vocabulary, depression, race, etc.,). In contrast, unlike AEG scores, comprehensive scores correlated significantly with the severity of COVID infection. (5) Finally, we found that scoring models influenced the classification of individual participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI, z-scores < -1.50) where the comprehensive model accounted for more than twice as much variance as the AEG model and reduced racial bias in MCI classification. Discussion The CCAB holds the promise of providing scalable laboratory-quality neurodiagnostic assessments to underserved urban, exurban, and rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Woods
- NeuroBehavioral Systems Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Peter Pebler
- NeuroBehavioral Systems Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - David K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Herron
- NeuroBehavioral Systems Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Kat Hall
- NeuroBehavioral Systems Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mike Blank
- NeuroBehavioral Systems Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kristi Geraci
- NeuroBehavioral Systems Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Jas Chok
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Sandy Lwi
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Brian Curran
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Krista Schendel
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Maria Spinelli
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Baldo
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
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10
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Kerr CM, Pfannenstiel JJ, Alhammad YM, Roy A, O’Connor JJ, Ghimire R, Khattabi R, Shrestha R, McDonald PR, Gao P, Johnson DK, More S, Channappanavar R, Fehr AR. Mutation of highly conserved residues in loop 2 of the coronavirus macrodomain demonstrates that enhanced ADP-ribose binding is detrimental to infection. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.03.574082. [PMID: 38260573 PMCID: PMC10802294 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode for a conserved macrodomain (Mac1) located in nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). Mac1 is an ADP-ribosylhydrolase that binds and hydrolyzes mono-ADP-ribose from target proteins. Previous work has shown that Mac1 is important for virus replication and pathogenesis. Within Mac1, there are several regions that are highly conserved across CoVs, including the GIF (glycine-isoleucine-phenylalanine) motif. To determine how the biochemical activities of these residues impact CoV replication, the isoleucine and the phenylalanine residues were mutated to alanine (I-A/F-A) in both recombinant Mac1 proteins and recombinant CoVs, including murine hepatitis virus (MHV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The F-A mutant proteins had ADP-ribose binding and/or hydrolysis defects that led to attenuated replication and pathogenesis in cell culture and mice. In contrast, the I-A mutations had normal enzyme activity and enhanced ADP-ribose binding. Despite increased ADP-ribose binding, I-A mutant MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were highly attenuated in both cell culture and mice, indicating that this isoleucine residue acts as a gate that controls ADP-ribose binding for efficient virus replication. These results highlight the function of this highly conserved residue and provide unique insight into how macrodomains control ADP-ribose binding and hydrolysis to promote viral replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Kerr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | | - Yousef M. Alhammad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Anuradha Roy
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Joseph J. O’Connor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Roshan Ghimire
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Reem Khattabi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Rakshya Shrestha
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Peter R. McDonald
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - David K. Johnson
- Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory and the Computational Chemical Biology Core, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Sunil More
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Rudragouda Channappanavar
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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11
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Joe E, Segal-Gidan F, Cummings JL, Galasko D, Tomaszewski Farias S, Johnson DK, Ross L, Yaffe K, Wang X, Schneider LS, Chui H, Ringman JM. Association Between Self- and Proxy-Reported Depression and Quality of Life in Mild-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:58-67. [PMID: 37827916 PMCID: PMC10843510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies have reported an association between depression and quality of life (QOL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the effect of self- versus proxy rating of mood and QOL has not been described. DESIGN In this secondary analysis of data from a cohort study, the authors used a linear mixed-effects model to determine if the association between depression and QOL is affected by whether both measures are assessed by the same member of the patient-caregiver dyad. SETTING Participants and caregiver informants were recruited from 10 California Alzheimer Disease Centers. PARTICIPANTS A total of 137 participants with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers. MEASUREMENTS Self- and proxy-rated scores on both the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease scale (QoL-AD). Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the association between depression and QOL. RESULTS Results of the multivariable linear mixed-effects models showed a significant association between self-rated QoL-AD and self-rated (B = -0.49, p <0.0001) but not proxy-rated GDS (B = -0.07, p = 0.19) after adjusting for confounders. Likewise, there was a significant association between proxy-rated QoL-AD and proxy-rated GDS (B = -0.48, p <0.0001) but not self-rated GDS (B = 0.05, p = 0.36). CONCLUSION Depression was associated with QOL in AD over short-term longitudinal follow-up, but the association was not statistically significant if both instruments are not administered to the same member of the patient-caregiver dyad. The choice of self- versus proxy-reported QOL should be intentionally considered in future studies as it may influence reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Joe
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (EJ, FS-G, XW, LSS, HC, JMR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Freddi Segal-Gidan
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (EJ, FS-G, XW, LSS, HC, JMR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (JLC), Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | | | | | - David K Johnson
- UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center-East Bay (DKJ), Walnut Creek, CA
| | - Leslie Ross
- Institute for Health & Aging (LR), UCSF School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Departments of Psychiatry (KY), Neurology and Epidemiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (EJ, FS-G, XW, LSS, HC, JMR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (EJ, FS-G, XW, LSS, HC, JMR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Helena Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (EJ, FS-G, XW, LSS, HC, JMR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine (EJ, FS-G, XW, LSS, HC, JMR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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12
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Hernández-Gamboa R, Salazar-Villanea M, Alvarado-Barrantes R, Johnson DK, Chacón-Araya Y, Moncada-Jiménez J. An examination of the validity of neuropsychological and physical testing batteries in Latin-American adults aged over 55 years. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:3157-3165. [PMID: 37989993 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid and reliable measurements are necessary to understand and monitor age-related changes. AIMS To describe the factor structure and provide validity evidence of a neuropsychological and a physical testing batteries using factor analysis. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data from the Epidemiology and Development of Alzheimer's Disease (EDAD) project. Community-dwelling adults aged 55 to 85 years underwent comprehensive physical and neuropsychological assessments. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on both assessment batteries. The models were later confirmed with a random subsample using confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS Data from 238 adults (163 females and 75 males) was included. The neuropsychological model revealed a four-factor structure formed by "Executive Functioning", "Verbal Memory", "Logical Memory", and "Labeling And Reading" (Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings [ESSL] = 56.41% explained variance; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual [SRMSR] = 0.06; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.98). The physical model was formed by a two-factor structure including "Health-related Fitness and "Functional Fitness" (ESSL = 50.54% explained variance; SRMSR = 0.07; CFI = 0.93). DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the structure of comprehensive testing batteries for the Latin-American older adults. Our analysis contributes to the understanding of theoretical constructs that are evaluated in the EDAD project. CONCLUSION Our findings provide validity evidence for simplified and reduced testing batteries, which imply shorter testing times and fewer resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hernández-Gamboa
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
- Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | - David K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yamileth Chacón-Araya
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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13
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Moncada-Jiménez J, Dicker EE, Chacón-Araya Y, Peralta-Brenes M, Briceño-Torres JM, Villarreal-Ángeles M, Salazar-Villanea M, Vidoni ED, Burns JM, Johnson DK. Exploring Handgrip Strength as a Cross-cultural Correlate of Body Composition and Upper Body Strength in Older Adults from Costa Rica and Kansas. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2023; 38:223-244. [PMID: 37410203 PMCID: PMC10447276 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-023-09481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and disability in older adults are often characterized by body composition measurements; however, the gold standard of body composition measurement, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), is expensive to acquire and maintain, making its use in low and middle income countries (LMIC) it out-of-reach in developing nations. Because these LMIC will bear a disproportionate amount of chronic disease burden due to global aging trends, it is important that reliable, low-cost surrogates need to be developed. Handgrip strength (HGS) is a reliable measure of disability in older adults but has not been used widely in diverse populations. This study compared HGS to multiple measurements of body composition in older adults from the US (Kansas) and a middle-income country (Costa Rica) to test if HGS is a cross-culturally appropriate predictive measure that yields reliable estimates across developed and developing nations. Percent body fat (%BF), lean tissue mass index (LTMI), appendicular lean soft tissue index (ALSTI), body fat mass index (BFMI), bone mineral density (BMD), and HGS were measured in older Costa Ricans (n = 78) and Kansans (n = 100). HGS predicted lean arm mass with equal accuracy for both samples (p ≤ 0.05 for all groups), indicating that it is a reliable, low-cost and widely available estimate of upper body lean muscle mass. Older adults from Costa Rica showed different body composition overall and HGS than controls from Kansas. Handgrip operates equivalently in the US and Mesoamerica and is a valid estimate of lean arm muscle mass as derived by the more expensive DEXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Eva E Dicker
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center-East Bay, University of California, Davis, 100 N. Wiget Lane, Suite 150, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yamileth Chacón-Araya
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - José M Briceño-Torres
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Eric D Vidoni
- KU Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas, 4350 Shawnee Mission Pkwy, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Jeffery M Burns
- KU Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas, 4350 Shawnee Mission Pkwy, Fairway, KS, 66205, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center-East Bay, University of California, Davis, 100 N. Wiget Lane, Suite 150, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.
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14
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Tang Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Tomer S, Selvaraju M, Tien N, Sun D, Johnson DK, Zhen A, Li P, Wang J. Structural and Biological Evaluations of a Non-Nucleoside STING Agonist Specific for Human STING A230 Variants. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.02.547363. [PMID: 37425806 PMCID: PMC10327114 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously we identified a non-nucleotide tricyclic agonist BDW568 that activates human STING (stimulator of interferon genes) gene variant containing A230 in a human monocyte cell line (THP-1). STINGA230 alleles, including HAQ and AQ, are less common STING variants in human population. To further characterize the mechanism of BDW568, we obtained the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of STINGA230 complexed with BDW-OH (active metabolite of BDW568) at 1.95 Å resolution and found the planar tricyclic structure in BDW-OH dimerizes in the STING binding pocket and mimics the two nucleobases of the endogenous STING ligand 2',3'-cGAMP. This binding mode also resembles a known synthetic ligand of human STING, MSA-2, but not another tricyclic mouse STING agonist DMXAA. Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies revealed that all three heterocycles in BDW568 and the S-acetate side chain are critical for retaining the compound's activity. BDW568 could robustly activate the STING pathway in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with STINGA230 genotype from healthy individuals. We also observed BDW568 could robustly activate type I interferon signaling in purified human primary macrophages that were transduced with lentivirus expressing STINGA230, suggesting its potential use to selectively activate genetically engineered macrophages in macrophage-based approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-macrophage immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Junxing Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shallu Tomer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Nicholas Tien
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Diyun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David K. Johnson
- Computation Chemical Biology Core, and Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pingwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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15
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Johnson DK, DeTolla LJ, Houghton PW, Clarke GL, Taylor JF, Whitney RA. Origins of US Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2023; 62:288-290. [PMID: 37308281 PMCID: PMC10434746 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The US Government Principles for the use of animals in research are a landmark statement of ethical values and guidance for the biomedical research community. However, when The Principles were introduced, a context was not provided for their source or foundation. The US Government Principles were formulated with input from the Council of Europe, World Health Organization, and US Interagency Research Animal Committee. The Principles continue to provide an ethical foundation for the biomedical research community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis J DeTolla
- Program of Comparative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (retired)
| | | | | | | | - Robert A Whitney
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Bethesda, Maryland (retired)
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16
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He H, Pramanik AS, Swanson SK, Johnson DK, Florens L, Zückert WR. A Borrelia burgdorferi LptD homolog is required for flipping of surface lipoproteins through the spirochetal outer membrane. Mol Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37170643 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Borrelia spirochetes are unique among diderm bacteria in their lack of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane (OM) and their abundance of surface-exposed lipoproteins with major roles in transmission, virulence, and pathogenesis. Despite their importance, little is known about how surface lipoproteins are translocated through the periplasm and the OM. Here, we characterized Borrelia burgdorferi BB0838, a distant homolog of the OM LPS assembly protein LptD. Using a CRISPR interference approach, we showed that BB0838 is required for cell growth and envelope stability. Upon BB0838 knockdown, surface lipoprotein OspA was retained in the inner leaflet of the OM, as determined by its inaccessibility to in situ proteolysis but its presence in OM vesicles. The topology of the OM porin/adhesin P66 remained unaffected. Quantitative mass spectrometry of the B. burgdorferi membrane-associated proteome confirmed the selective periplasmic retention of surface lipoproteins under BB0838 knockdown conditions. Additional analysis identified a single in situ protease-accessible BB0838 peptide that mapped to a predicted β-barrel surface loop. Alphafold Multimer modeled a B. burgdorferi LptB2 FGCAD complex spanning the periplasm. Together, this suggests that BB0838/LptDBb facilitates the essential terminal step in spirochetal surface lipoprotein secretion, using an orthologous OM component of a pathway that secretes LPS in proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ankita S Pramanik
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Selene K Swanson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Wolfram R Zückert
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Thapa P, Upadhyay SP, Singh V, Boinpelly VC, Zhou J, Johnson DK, Gurung P, Lee ES, Sharma R, Sharma M. Chalcone: A potential scaffold for NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem Rep 2023; 7:100100. [PMID: 37033416 PMCID: PMC10081147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overactivated NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to associate with an increasing number of disease conditions. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in caspase-1-catalyzed formation of active pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) resulting in pyroptosis. The multi-protein composition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its sensitivity to several damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) make this extensively studied inflammasome an attractive target to treat chronic conditions. However, none of the known NLRP3 inhibitors has been approved for clinical use. Sulfonylurea and covalent inhibitors with electrophilic warhead (Michael acceptor) are among the prominent classes of compounds explored for their NLRP3 inhibitory effects. Chalcone, a small molecule with α, β unsaturated carbonyl group (Michael acceptor), has also been studied as a promising scaffold for the development of NLRP3 inhibitors. Low molecular weight, easy to manipulate lipophilicity and cost-effectiveness have attracted many to use chalcone scaffold for drug development. In this review, we highlight chalcone derivatives with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activities. Recent developments and potential new directions summarized here will, hopefully, serve as valuable perspectives for investigators including medicinal chemists and drug discovery researchers to utilize chalcone as a scaffold for developing novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Thapa
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Vikas Singh
- Division of Neurology, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Varun C. Boinpelly
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Computational Chemical Biology Core, Molecular Graphics and Modeling Core, University of Kansas, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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18
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Bowen HG, Kenedy MR, Johnson DK, MacKerell AD, Akins DR. Identification of a novel transport system in Borrelia burgdorferi that links the inner and outer membranes. Pathog Dis 2023; 81:ftad014. [PMID: 37385817 PMCID: PMC10353723 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, is a diderm organism that is similar to Gram-negative organisms in that it contains both an inner and outer membrane. Unlike typical Gram-negative organisms, however, B. burgdorferi lacks lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using computational genome analyses and structural modeling, we identified a transport system containing six proteins in B. burgdorferi that are all orthologs to proteins found in the lipopolysaccharide transport (LPT) system that links the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative organisms and is responsible for placing LPS on the surface of these organisms. While B. burgdorferi does not contain LPS, it does encode over 100 different surface-exposed lipoproteins and several major glycolipids, which like LPS are also highly amphiphilic molecules, though no system to transport these molecules to the borrelial surface is known. Accordingly, experiments supplemented by molecular modeling were undertaken to determine whether the orthologous LPT system identified in B. burgdorferi could transport lipoproteins and/or glycolipids to the borrelial outer membrane. Our combined observations strongly suggest that the LPT transport system does not transport lipoproteins to the surface. Molecular dynamic modeling, however, suggests that the borrelial LPT system could transport borrelial glycolipids to the outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Bowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 1053 Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Melisha R Kenedy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 1053 Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - David K Johnson
- Shenkel Structural Biology Center, Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory and the Computational Biology Core, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore 20 North Pine Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Darrin R Akins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 1053 Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
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Bai N, Adeshina Y, Bychkov I, Xia Y, Gowthaman R, Miller SA, Gupta AK, Johnson DK, Lan L, Golemis EA, Makhov PB, Xu L, Pillai MM, Boumber Y, Karanicolas J. Rationally designed inhibitors of the Musashi protein-RNA interaction by hotspot mimicry. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2395172. [PMID: 36711552 PMCID: PMC9882606 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2395172/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and thus underlie many important biological processes. Here, we developed a strategy that entails extracting a "hotspot pharmacophore" from the structure of a protein-RNA complex, to create a template for designing small-molecule inhibitors and for exploring the selectivity of the resulting inhibitors. We demonstrate this approach by designing inhibitors of Musashi proteins MSI1 and MSI2, key regulators of mRNA stability and translation that are upregulated in many cancers. We report this novel series of MSI1/MSI2 inhibitors is specific and active in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays. This study extends the paradigm of "hotspots" from protein-protein complexes to protein-RNA complexes, supports the "druggability" of RNA-binding protein surfaces, and represents one of the first rationally-designed inhibitors of non-enzymatic RNA-binding proteins. Owing to its simplicity and generality, we anticipate that this approach may also be used to develop inhibitors of many other RNA-binding proteins; we also consider the prospects of identifying potential off-target interactions by searching for other RBPs that recognize their cognate RNAs using similar interaction geometries. Beyond inhibitors, we also expect that compounds designed using this approach can serve as warheads for new PROTACs that selectively degrade RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bai
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Yusuf Adeshina
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Igor Bychkov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Sven A. Miller
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | - Abhishek K. Gupta
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - David K. Johnson
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Petr B. Makhov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160
| | - Manoj M. Pillai
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Bai N, Adeshina Y, Bychkov I, Xia Y, Gowthaman R, Miller SA, Gupta AK, Johnson DK, Lan L, Golemis EA, Makhov PB, Xu L, Pillai MM, Boumber Y, Karanicolas J. Rationally designed inhibitors of the Musashi protein-RNA interaction by hotspot mimicry. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.09.523326. [PMID: 36711508 PMCID: PMC9882015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and thus underlie many important biological processes. Here, we developed a strategy that entails extracting a "hotspot pharmacophore" from the structure of a protein-RNA complex, to create a template for designing small-molecule inhibitors and for exploring the selectivity of the resulting inhibitors. We demonstrate this approach by designing inhibitors of Musashi proteins MSI1 and MSI2, key regulators of mRNA stability and translation that are upregulated in many cancers. We report this novel series of MSI1/MSI2 inhibitors is specific and active in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays. This study extends the paradigm of "hotspots" from protein-protein complexes to protein-RNA complexes, supports the "druggability" of RNA-binding protein surfaces, and represents one of the first rationally-designed inhibitors of non-enzymatic RNA-binding proteins. Owing to its simplicity and generality, we anticipate that this approach may also be used to develop inhibitors of many other RNA-binding proteins; we also consider the prospects of identifying potential off-target interactions by searching for other RBPs that recognize their cognate RNAs using similar interaction geometries. Beyond inhibitors, we also expect that compounds designed using this approach can serve as warheads for new PROTACs that selectively degrade RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bai
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Yusuf Adeshina
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Igor Bychkov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Sven A. Miller
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | | | - David K. Johnson
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Petr B. Makhov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160
| | - Manoj M. Pillai
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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21
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Woods DL, Hall K, Williams G, Baldo J, Chok JM, Lwi SJ, Blank M, Geraci K, Herron T, Schendel K, Johnson DK. MCI performance classification improves with a brief vocabulary test. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliana Baldo
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System Martinez CA USA
| | - Jas M. Chok
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System Martinez CA USA
- Palo Alto University Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Sandy J. Lwi
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System Martinez CA USA
| | | | | | - Tim Herron
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System Martinez CA USA
| | - Krista Schendel
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System Martinez CA USA
| | - David K Johnson
- University of California Davis Sacramento CA USA
- UC Davis Alzheimer’s Disease Center Walnut Creek CA USA
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22
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Woods DL, Hall K, Williams G, Baldo J, Johnson DK, Chok JM, Sucich G, Pebler P, Blank M, Geraci K, Herron T. Consensus automatic speech recognition (CASR) in the California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB). Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18 Suppl 2:e067887. [PMID: 36537483 DOI: 10.1002/alz.067887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have investigated the use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) to analyze and score verbal responses in cognitive tests. ASR scoring is objective, permits the efficient computerized administration of verbal tests, and generates timestamps that enable the detailed temporal analysis of responses. However, ASR transcription accuracy varies by engine, task, and participant, and ASR can incorrectly score responses from participants with atypical speech patterns. Here we describe the speech-transcription pipeline of the California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB), which incorporates consensus ASR (CASR) to produce more accurate transcripts than possible with any single ASR engine. We also developed a Transcript Review Tool (TRT) which facilitates the manual correction of mis-transcribed words in problem subjects. METHOD Figure 1 shows the CCAB speech transcription pipeline. Realtime ASR transcriptions are obtained along with the transcriptions of the digital recordings of responses using six cloud-based ASR engines (e.g., Google, etc.). Individual transcripts are then combined to produce a "consensus" transcript, and a transcription confidence measure based primarily on the agreement between ASR engines (Figure 2). If needed, "consensus" transcripts can be manually corrected using the Transcript Review Tool which enables the review of all words or just those words below a predefined CASR confidence threshold (Figure 3). RESULT ASR transcriptions were obtained from 442 healthy adults (mean age = 65.1 ±14.4) who each underwent three days of cognitive testing that included 25 verbal tests. In all, approximately 276 hours of speech were transcribed. Preliminary analyses show that CASR transcription accuracy surpassed 99% for tests with limited response sets (e.g., digit span, verbal list learning, face-name binding, etc.) and exceeded 95% for discursive speech tests (e.g., picture description and logical memory). CONCLUSION CASR transcription is more accurate than that of any single ASR engine. When combined with the TRT, "consensus" ASR can produce error-free, timestamped transcripts that enable the detailed analysis of verbal responses from older individuals at risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliana Baldo
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Jas M Chok
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA.,Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim Herron
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
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23
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Sapkota S, Erickson K, Harvey D, Tomaszewski‐Farias SE, Olichney JM, Johnson DK, Dugger BN, Mungas DM, Fletcher E, Maillard P, Seshadri S, Satizabal CL, Kautz T, Parent D, Tracy RP, Maezawa I, Jin L, DeCarli C. Plasma biomarkers predict cognitive trajectories in an ethnoracially and clinically diverse cohort: Mediation with hippocampal volume. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022; 14:e12349. [PMID: 36092690 PMCID: PMC9434579 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We examine whether the association between key plasma biomarkers (amyloid β [aβ] 42/40, total tau (t-tau), neurofilament light [NfL]) and cognitive trajectories (executive function [EF] and episodic memory [EM]) is mediated through neurodegeneration. Methods All participants were recruited from the University of California, Davis-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (n = 473; baseline age range = 49-95 years, 60% women). We applied an accelerated longitudinal design to test latent growth models for EF and EM, and path and mediation analyses. Age was centered at 75 years, and all models were adjusted for sex, education, and ethnicity. Results HV differentially mediated the association aβ 42/40 and NfL on EF and EM level and change. Hippocampal volume (HV) did not mediate the association between t-tau and cognitive performance. Discussion Neurodegeneration as represented with HV selectively mediates the association between key non-invasive plasma biomarkers and cognitive trajectories in an ethnoracially and clinically diverse community-based sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sapkota
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kelsey Erickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - John M. Olichney
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brittany N. Dugger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dan M. Mungas
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health SciencesUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health SciencesUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tiffany Kautz
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health SciencesUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Danielle Parent
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lee‐Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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24
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Hernández-Gamboa R, Salazar-Villanea M, Johnson DK, Chacón-Araya Y, Moncada-Jiménez J. Functional- Rather Than Health-related Physical Fitness Predicts Neurocognitive Performance In Latin Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000881560.21546.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Sherrill LM, Joya EE, Walker A, Roy A, Alhammad YM, Atobatele M, Wazir S, Abbas G, Keane P, Zhuo J, Leung AKL, Johnson DK, Lehtiö L, Fehr AR, Ferraris D. Design, synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116788. [PMID: 35597097 PMCID: PMC9093066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of amino acid based 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines were designed and synthesized to discern the structure activity relationships against the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain (Mac1), an ADP-ribosylhydrolase that is critical for coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. Structure activity studies identified compound 15c as a low-micromolar inhibitor of Mac1 in two ADP-ribose binding assays. This compound also demonstrated inhibition in an enzymatic assay of Mac1 and displayed a thermal shift comparable to ADPr in the melting temperature of Mac1 supporting binding to the target protein. A structural model reproducibly predicted a binding mode where the pyrrolo pyrimidine forms a hydrogen bonding network with Asp22 and the amide backbone NH of Ile23 in the adenosine binding pocket and the carboxylate forms hydrogen bonds to the amide backbone of Phe157 and Asp156, part of the oxyanion subsite of Mac1. Compound 15c also demonstrated notable selectivity for coronavirus macrodomains when tested against a panel of ADP-ribose binding proteins. Together, this study identified several low MW, low µM Mac1 inhibitors to use as small molecule chemical probes for this potential anti-viral target and offers starting points for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia M Sherrill
- McDaniel College, Department of Chemistry, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Elva E Joya
- McDaniel College, Department of Chemistry, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - AnnMarie Walker
- McDaniel College, Department of Chemistry, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Anuradha Roy
- Infectious Disease Assay Development Laboratory/HTS, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Yousef M Alhammad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Moriama Atobatele
- Infectious Disease Assay Development Laboratory/HTS, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sarah Wazir
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - George Abbas
- McDaniel College, Department of Chemistry, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Patrick Keane
- McDaniel College, Department of Chemistry, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Junlin Zhuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anthony K L Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory and the Computational Chemical Biology Core, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Dana Ferraris
- McDaniel College, Department of Chemistry, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA.
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Iwakuma T, Nishikawa S, Kaida A, Ranjan A, Parrales A, Alalem MA, Johnson DK. Abstract 143: Novel HSP40 or J domain protein inhibitors that deplete misfolded mutant p53. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Accumulation of oncogenic mutant p53 (mutp53) greatly contributes to cancer progression. Heat shock protein 40 (HSP40), also known as J-domain proteins (JDPs), has been implicated in stabilization of misfolded mutp53. Specifically, knockdown of DNAJA1, a member of HSP40/JDPs, results in degradation of mainly misfolded mutp53, leading to inhibition of tumor progression. Since no DNAJA1 inhibitors are currently available in clinics, these findings prompted us to identify potential DNAJA1 inhibitors which can induce mutp53 degradation.
Methods/Design: An in-silico docking study was performed for binding of the DNAJA1 J-domain to compounds in zinc data base, which identified compound Number7-3. Further analysis suggests three critical amino acids in DNAJA1 for the binding, including Y7, K44, and Q47.
Results: Eighteen commercially available analogs of Number7-3 were further examined. Of these, a compound, namely A11, had the strongest activity to deplete both DNAJA1 and misfolded mutp53. A11 reduced protein levels of misfolded mutp53 in concentration- and time-dependent manners without affecting mRNA levels of DNAJA1 and mutp53. Importantly, A11 showed minimal effects on the levels of wild-type p53 and DNA contact mutp53. Treatment of cells expressing misfolded mutp53 with A11 resulted in reduced filopodia formation and cell migration, which was not observed in cells lacking DNAJA1. Moreover, protein levels of a triple mutant DNAJA1 (Y7A/K44A/Q47A) were not altered by A11. Intriguingly, A11 reduced protein levels of several other HSP40/JDPs.
Conclusions: Our study, for the first time, has identified a small compound that depletes DNAJA1, leading to reduced levels of misfolded mutp53 and inhibited malignant properties of cancer cells.
Citation Format: Tomoo Iwakuma, Shigeto Nishikawa, Atsushi Kaida, Atul Ranjan, Alejandro Parrales, Mohamed A. Alalem, David K. Johnson. Novel HSP40 or J domain protein inhibitors that deplete misfolded mutant p53 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Iwakuma
- 1Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | - Atul Ranjan
- 1Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO
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Canton-Martínez E, Rentería I, García-Suárez PC, Moncada-Jiménez J, Machado-Parra JP, Lira FS, Johnson DK, Jiménez-Maldonado A. Concurrent Training Increases Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Older Adults Regardless of the Exercise Frequency. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:791698. [PMID: 35330706 PMCID: PMC8940272 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.791698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human brain function declines with aging. In this sense, exercise-based interventions has a promising effect on brain plasticity for older adults. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a positive biomarker for brain neuroplasticity in healthy older adults also modified by exercise training. Selected features of the exercise prescription for improving brain health are missing; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of concurrent exercise training frequency on serum BDNF levels in healthy older adults. Methods Nineteen volunteers (age: 65 ± 4 year; body mass index: 28.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2) completed either a three times/week (3-t/w) (n = 8) or five times/week (5-t/w) (n = 11) concurrent exercise program. The exercise program lasted 11 weeks and all exercise sessions were performed for 50 min at moderate intensity. Serum BDNF, body composition, cardiovascular, and physical fitness variables were assessed before and after the exercise training program. Results Regardless of the group, the serum BDNF increased following the intervention (p < 0.001), and there were no significant group (p = 0.827) or interaction (p = 0.063) effects. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased regardless of the group (p = 0.007), with a non-significant group (p = 0.722) or interaction (p = 0.223) effects. Upper- and lower-body strength increased in both groups (p = 0.003); however, there was no effect of the training frequency (p = 0.53). For the skeletal muscle mass, there was a trend in the interaction effect (p = 0.053). Finally, the body fat percentage was unchanged. Conclusion Eleven weeks of combined exercise training increased serum BDNF levels in healthy older adults, a response independent of the training frequency. The overall fitness level improved similarly in both exercise groups. These data reveal that a minimal dosage of concurrent exercise enhance functional capacity and a brain health biomarker in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Patricia C. García-Suárez
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
- Department of Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado,
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28
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Roy A, Alhammad YM, McDonald P, Johnson DK, Zhuo J, Wazir S, Ferraris D, Lehtiö L, Leung AKL, Fehr AR. Discovery of compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mac1-ADP-ribose binding by high-throughput screening. bioRxiv 2022:2022.03.01.482536. [PMID: 35262075 PMCID: PMC8902866 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.01.482536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of several zoonotic viruses in the last twenty years, especially the pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, has exposed a dearth of antiviral drug therapies for viruses with pandemic potential. Developing a diverse drug portfolio will be critical for our ability to rapidly respond to novel coronaviruses (CoVs) and other viruses with pandemic potential. Here we focus on the SARS-CoV-2 conserved macrodomain (Mac1), a small domain of non-structural protein 3 (nsp3). Mac1 is an ADP-ribosylhydrolase that cleaves mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) from target proteins, protects the virus from the anti-viral effects of host ADP-ribosyltransferases, and is critical for the replication and pathogenesis of CoVs. In this study, a luminescent-based high-throughput assay was used to screen ∼38,000 small molecules for those that could inhibit Mac1-ADP-ribose binding. We identified 5 compounds amongst 3 chemotypes that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mac1-ADP-ribose binding in multiple assays with IC 50 values less than 100 µ M, inhibit ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity, and have evidence of direct Mac1 binding. These chemotypes are strong candidates for further derivatization into highly effective Mac1 inhibitors.
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29
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Sherrill LM, Joya EE, Walker A, Roy A, Alhammad YM, Atobatele M, Wazir S, Abbas G, Keane P, Zhuo J, Leung AKL, Johnson DK, Lehtiö L, Fehr AR, Ferraris D. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV2 nsp3 Macrodomain. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.27.482176. [PMID: 35262078 PMCID: PMC8902877 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.27.482176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of amino acid based 7H -pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines were designed and synthesized to discern the structure activity relationships against the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain (Mac1), an ADP-ribosylhydrolase that is critical for coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. Structure activity studies identified compound 15c as a low-micromolar inhibitor of Mac1 in two ADP-ribose binding assays. This compound also demonstrated inhibition in an enzymatic assay of Mac1 and displayed a thermal shift comparable to ADPr in the melting temperature of Mac1 supporting binding to the target protein. A structural model reproducibly predicted a binding mode where the pyrrolo pyrimidine forms a hydrogen bonding network with Asp 22 and the amide backbone NH of Ile 23 in the adenosine binding pocket and the carboxylate forms hydrogen bonds to the amide backbone of Phe 157 and Asp 156 , part of the oxyanion subsite of Mac1. Compound 15c also demonstrated notable selectivity for coronavirus macrodomains when tested against a panel of ADP-ribose binding proteins. Together, this study identified several low MW, low μM Mac1 inhibitors to use as small molecule chemical probes for this potential anti-viral target and offers starting points for further optimization.
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Valdivieso-Mora E, Salazar-Villanea M, Johnson DK. Measurement invariance of a neuropsychological battery across urban and rural older adults in Costa Rica. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35077270 PMCID: PMC9907058 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2023153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the measurement invariance of a neuropsychological battery across rural and urban older adults from Costa Rica. Rural and urban older adults (N = 295) from the Epidemiology and Development of Alzheimer's Disease (EDAD) study in Costa Rica were assessed. The baseline factor model for the EDAD neuropsychological measures was identified with nine neuropsychological measures and three cognitive constructs: Verbal Memory, Spatial Reasoning, and Cognitive Flexibility. Measurement and structural invariance were established, and, then, group comparisons of the latent cognitive factors were conducted to explore regional disparities. The findings showed that most of the neuropsychological tests in EDAD can be directly compared across the groups, allowing for cognitive constructs comparisons. The rural sample showed a disadvantage in the Spatial Reasoning and Cognitive Flexibility abilities. When age and education were included in the models, differences between the regions disappeared. Having more years of education was associated with higher cognitive abilities, with a larger effect for the rural group. Norms for Costa Rican older adults should consider age and education adjustments. This study contributes to the growing area of measurement invariance in neuropsychological assessment as it highlights the importance of examining the comparability of assessment measures across different cultural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora
- Department of Psychology and Public Health, Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | - David K Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Upadhyay SP, Singh V, Sharma R, Zhou J, Thapa P, Johnson DK, Keightley A, Chen M, Suo W, Sharma M. Influence of ligand geometry on cholinesterase enzyme - A comparison of 1-isoindolinone based structural analog with Donepezil. J Mol Struct 2022; 1247:131385. [PMID: 34776532 PMCID: PMC8589283 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Donepezil (DNPZ) is one of the few FDA-approved widely used medication in the clinical care of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To investigate the effect of geometry and to find the significance of an enol form if any in DNPZ on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, we changed the tetrahedral geometry of DNPZ to planar trigonal pyramidal geometry by replacing the α-carbon atom next to ketone functionality with a nitrogen atom. To mimic 1-indanone in DNPZ, we selected 1-isoindolinone framework to synthesize 25 new DNPZ derivatives and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopy methods. Drug likeliness profile for each compound was predicted using Molinspiration online software following Lipinski's rule. Commercially available assay kits were used to measure AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory effects. NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line was used to measure cytotoxic and proliferation effects using LDH and MTT assay, respectively. Compound #20 was selected for comparative computational docking, modelling and physicochemical studies. Our results show that DNPZ with tetrahedral geometry has 3-fold higher AChE inhibition as compared to compound #20 with planar trigonal pyramidal geometry. Our approach may be useful as a novel indirect method to study the significance of the enol form in DNPZ (or similar compounds), since constant interconversion between the keto and enol forms does not permit a direct determination of the effect of the enol form of DNPZ in vivo. Overall, we conclude that the tetrahedral is a better fit and any change in geometry significantly drives down the cholinesterase inhibitory effect of DNPZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States,Corresponding Author Sunil P. Upadhyay, Ph.D., 4801 E Linwood Blvd., F5-112, Research Building, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA. Telephone: (816) 861-4700 Ext. 57138.
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology and Neurodegeneration Research lab, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Pritam Thapa
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Computational Chemical Biology Core, Molecular Graphics and Modeling Core, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Andrew Keightley
- UMKC School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, 2411 Holmes Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
| | - Maohui Chen
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - William Suo
- Lab for Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical School, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, 4801 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
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Cothran FA, Alto R, Tomaszewski Farias S, Johnson DK, Lara E, Whitmer RA, DeCarli C, Meyer OL. Caring for the Caregivers: An Alzheimer Disease Research Center Call to Action. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:92-95. [PMID: 34966023 PMCID: PMC9047452 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, over 16 million dementia caregivers in the US provide over 18 billion hours of care. As the number of persons living with dementia increases, so too will the number of family caregivers. Given the projected steady growth in caregivers and their health-related needs in caring for persons living with Alzheimer disease and related dementias, several initiatives are underway that focus on caregivers. One overlooked mechanism to meet caregiver needs is the National Institute on Aging's Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). Through secondary analysis, we present a picture of dementia caregiving from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's database and discuss a call to action for ADRCs to engage caregivers and further support the mission of the ADRC to advance the field of dementia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawn A Cothran
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, UC Davis
- UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
| | - Raquel Alto
- UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
| | | | | | - Esther Lara
- UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
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Kinter LB, Johnson DK, Weichbrod RH, Prentice ED, Simmonds RC, Houghton PW, Whitney RA, DeGeorge J, DeHaven WR, Kramer K, DeTolla L. Fit for Purpose Assessment: A New Direction for IACUCs. ILAR J 2021; 62:314-331. [PMID: 35512294 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization and function of the institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) is the key component of government regulation and oversight of necessary scientific research using live animals and of AAALAC - International accreditation of animal care and use programs in the United States. The regulations, roles, and responsibilities of IACUCs have evolved since their inception 35 years ago from a limited focus on animal welfare and specific animal procedures to embracing scientific quality, data reproducibility and translation, and animal welfare as inextricably interdependent and critical components of generation of new scientific knowledge and medical treatments. A current challenge for IACUCs is in evaluating whether benefits to be derived (eg, new knowledge or treatments) justify any unavoidable pain, stress, or injury associated with proposed research protocols, because the former are long-term and at best speculative outcomes, whereas the latter are immediate and tangible for the study animals. Scientific consensus is that research most likely to generate significant new knowledge and medical treatments is that conducted to high scientific, technical, and quality standards and reported with full transparency to facilitate reproducibility. As an alternative to current benefits evaluations included in risk benefit and harm benefit constructs, the authors propose that IACUCs assess the proposed research for scientific quality and alignment of study elements with the study purpose (e.g., Fit for Purpose [FfP]), including justifications for study design components, selection of primary endpoints and technologies, rationale for data and statistical analyses, and research communication plans. Fit for Purpose endpoints are objective, immediate, and impactful as are the potential risks for study animals, and at the same time they are the best predictors for achievement of longer-term benefits. We propose that IACUCs and any revision of The ILAR Guide consider FfP concepts in place of traditional benefits assessment to accelerate the generation of new knowledge and treatments benefiting medical and veterinary patients and the environment through better science and animal welfare rather than to continue to rely on speculative future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis B Kinter
- President and Principal Scientist, GLP Scientific Consulting LLC, Unionville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Robert H Weichbrod
- Animal Program Administrator (retired), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ernest D Prentice
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Paul W Houghton
- Primatologist and Principal, Primate Products, Inc, Immokalee, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A Whitney
- Former Director of The National Center of Research Resources (NCRR), NIH, Bethesda, MD and former Chair of the US Government Interagency Research Animal Committee (IRAC), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph DeGeorge
- Principal and Managing Partner, Bianca Holdings, LLC, Lansdale, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Ron DeHaven
- President, DeHaven Veterinary Solutions, LLC, El Dorado Hills, California, USA
| | - Klaas Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Welfare Officer (retired), VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis DeTolla
- Founding Director of the Comparative Medicine Program (retired), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sharma KK, Cassell RJ, Meqbil YJ, Su H, Blaine AT, Cummins BR, Mores KL, Johnson DK, van Rijn RM, Altman RA. Modulating β-arrestin 2 recruitment at the δ- and μ-opioid receptors using peptidomimetic ligands. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1958-1967. [PMID: 34825191 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptor agonists provide potent and effective acute analgesia; however, their therapeutic window narrows considerably upon repeated administration, such as required for treating chronic pain. In contrast, bifunctional μ/δ opioid agonists, such as the endogenous enkephalins, have potential for treating both acute and chronic pain. However, enkephalins recruit β-arrestins, which correlate with certain adverse effects at μ- and δ-opioid receptors. Herein, we identify the C-terminus of Tyr-ψ[(Z)CF[double bond, length as m-dash]CH]-Gly-Leu-enkephalin, a stable enkephalin derivative, as a key site to regulate bias of both δ- and μ-opioid receptors. Using in vitro assays, substitution of the Leu5 carboxylate with amides (NHEt, NMe2, NCyPr) reduced β-arrestin recruitment efficacy through both the δ-opioid and μ-opioid, while retaining affinity and cAMP potency. For this series, computational studies suggest key ligand-receptor interactions that might influence bias. These findings should enable the discovery of a range of tool compounds with previously unexplored biased μ/δ opioid agonist pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Sharma
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University USA
| | - Robert J Cassell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA
| | - Yazan J Meqbil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Computational Interdisciplinary Graduate Program (CIGP), Purdue University USA
| | - Hongyu Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA
| | - Arryn T Blaine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Science Graduate Program, Purdue University USA
| | | | - Kendall L Mores
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core and Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, The University of Kansas USA
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University USA
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University USA .,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University USA
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Kazmierski WM, Miriyala N, Johnson DK, Baskaran S. The Discovery of Conformationally Constrained Bicyclic Peptidomimetics as Potent Hepatitis C NS5A Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1649-1655. [PMID: 34790290 PMCID: PMC8591741 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
HCV NS5A inhibitors are the backbone
of directly acting antiviral
treatments against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). While these therapies
are generally highly curative, they are less effective in some specific
HCV patient populations. In the search for broader-acting HCV NS5A
inhibitors that address these needs, we explored conformational restrictions
imposed by the [7,5]-azabicyclic lactam moiety incorporated into daclatasvir
(1) and related HCV NS5A inhibitors. Unexpectedly, compound 5 was identified as a potent HCV genotype 1a and 1b inhibitor.
Molecular modeling of 5 bound to HCV genotype 1a suggested
that the use of the conformationally restricted lactam moiety might
have resulted in reorientation of its N-terminal carbamate to expose
a new interaction with the NS5A pocket located between amino acids
P97 and Y93, which was not easily accessible to 1. The
results also suggest new chemistry directions that exploit the interactions
with the P97–Y93 site toward new and potentially improved HCV
NS5A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw M. Kazmierski
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, United States
| | - Nagaraju Miriyala
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, United States
| | - David K. Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core and Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Sam Baskaran
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, United States
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36
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Ly CY, Yu C, McDonald PR, Roy A, Johnson DK, Davido DJ. Simple and rapid high-throughput assay to identify HSV-1 ICP0 transactivation inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2021; 194:105160. [PMID: 34384824 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous virus that results in lifelong infections due to its ability to cycle between lytic replication and latency. As an obligate intracellular pathogen, HSV-1 exploits host cellular factors to replicate and aid in its life cycle. HSV-1 expresses infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), an immediate-early regulator, to stimulate the transcription of all classes of viral genes via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Here we report an automated, inexpensive, and rapid high-throughput approach to examine the effects of small molecule compounds on ICP0 transactivator function in cells. Two HSV-1 reporter viruses, KOS6β (wt) and dlx3.1-6β (ICP0-null mutant), were used to monitor ICP0 transactivation activity through the HSV-1 ICP6 promoter:lacz expression cassette. A ≥10-fold difference in β-galactosidase activity was observed in cells infected with KOS6β compared to dlx3.1-6β, demonstrating that ICP0 potently transactivates the ICP6 promoter. We established the robustness and reproducibility with a Z'-factor score of ≥0.69, an important criterium for high-throughput analyses. Approximately 19,000 structurally diverse compounds were screened and 76 potential inhibitors of the HSV-1 transactivator ICP0 were identified. We expect this assay will aid in the discovery of novel inhibitors and tools against HSV-1 ICP0. Using well-annotated compounds could identify potential novel factors and pathways that interact with ICP0 to promote HSV-1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Y Ly
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Chunmiao Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Peter R McDonald
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Anuradha Roy
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - David J Davido
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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Nagamalla S, Johnson DK, Sathyamoorthi S. Sulfamate-tethered aza-Wacker approach towards analogs of Bactobolin A. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:1348-1357. [PMID: 37860778 PMCID: PMC10586517 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe an approach towards analogs of the potent antibiotic Bactobolin A. Sulfamate-tethered aza-Wacker cyclization reactions furnish key synthons, which we envision can be elaborated into analogs of Bactobolin A. Docking studies show that the C4 epimer of Bactobolin A and the C4/C6 diastereomer interact with different residues of the 23S rRNA (bacterial ribosome 50S subunit) than the natural product, suggesting that these molecules could be valuable tool compounds for fundamental studies of the bacterial translational machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someshwar Nagamalla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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38
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Kinter LB, DeHaven R, Johnson DK, DeGeorge JJ. A Brief History of Use of Animals in Biomedical Research and Perspective on Non-Animal Alternatives. ILAR J 2021; 62:7-16. [PMID: 34181728 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have been closely observed by humans for at least 17 000 years to gain critical knowledge for human and later animal survival. Routine scientific observations of animals as human surrogates began in the late 19th century driven by increases in new compounds resulting from synthetic chemistry and requiring characterization for potential therapeutic utility and safety. Statistics collected by the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and United Kingdom Home Office show that animal usage in biomedical research and teaching activities peaked after the mid-20th century and thereafter fell precipitously until the early 21st century, when annual increases (in the UK) were again observed, this time driven by expansion of genetically modified animal technologies. The statistics also show a dramatic transfer of research burden in the 20th and 21st centuries away from traditional larger and more publicly sensitive species (dogs, cats, non-human primates, etc) towards smaller, less publicly sensitive mice, rats, and fish. These data show that new technology can produce multi-faceted outcomes to reduce and/or to increase annual animal usage and to redistribute species burden in biomedical research. From these data, it is estimated that annual total vertebrate animal usage in biomedical research and teaching in the United States was 15 to 25 million per year during 2001-2018. Finally, whereas identification and incorporation of non-animal alternatives are products of, but not an integral component of, the animal research cycle, they replace further use of animals for specific research and product development purposes and create their own scientific research cycles, but are not necessarily a substitute for animals or humans for discovery, acquisition, and application of new (eg, previously unknown and/or unsuspected) knowledge critical to further advance human and veterinary medicine and global species survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis B Kinter
- GLP Scientific Consulting, Unionville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ron DeHaven
- DeHaven Veterinary Solutions, LLC, El Dorado Hills, California, USA
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DeTolla L, Johnson DK, Reynolds SD, Sanchez R, Weichbrod RH, Terzi MC. The Evaluation of the Containment Efficacy of Semi-Rigid Isolators for Housing Cages of Laboratory Animals Infected With BSL-3 Agents. ILAR J 2021; 61:40-45. [PMID: 34161585 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research animals models infected with Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3) agents need to be housed in specialized biocontainment caging. Most of these specialized cages have input and exhaust that is high efficiency particulate air filtered and sealed to prevent escape of the BSL-3 agent. An alternative to the use of the above BSL-3 biocontainment caging is the use of a flexible film or modified semi-rigid plastic film isolator that has its own high efficiency particulate air-filtered input and exhaust and is sealed with respect to the animal room environment, thus preventing BSL-3 agent escape. Standard caging can be housed within such an isolator. Computational fluid dynamics was used to evaluate the integrity of modified semi-rigid isolators for containment of aerosolized BSL-3 agents. Three isolators were located inside an animal BSL-3 room to provide an extra tier of protection and to permit different infectious studies within the same room while reducing or eliminating the risk of cross-contamination. The isolators were sized to house caging for rabbits and smaller non-human primates such as marmosets, African greens, and macaques. Multiple case studies of failure scenarios were investigated, including isolator breaches through the plastic membrane seam separation and rips, and exhaust fan failure. Breaching the level of containment provided by the isolators required the improbable simultaneous event of a plastic membrane rip in addition to the rare malfunction of the back-up exhaust fans. Each isolator was equipped with 2 blower motors connected in parallel to a common exhaust plenum and a battery backup. Even with this rare double (simultaneous) event, the animal BSL-3 room air exhaust system was able to contain the few droplets released in the simulated computational fluid dynamics breach. The modified semi-rigid isolators with negative airflow proved safe and effective for aerosol studies using BSL-3 agents, even in the unlikely event of a breach in containment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rigoberto Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H Weichbrod
- National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew C Terzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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40
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Pedercini A, Weitz DF, Heyse JD, Pedercini C, Kormas I, Koutlas IG, Johnson DK, McClanahan SB. Cemental tear: An overlooked finding associated with rapid periodontal destruction. A case series. Aust Dent J 2021; 66 Suppl 1:S82-S87. [PMID: 33864270 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cemental tear is defined as cementum fragment completely or partially detached from the root surface, and it has been associated with localized rapid periodontal breakdown. Although history of trauma and/or attrition may be risk factors, the etiopathology of cemental tear remains unknown. This case series aims to discuss the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of cemental tears to aid clinicians in making differential diagnosis. Three teeth from three patients presenting a periradicular lesion underwent an exploratory surgery to determine the cause and provide treatment. Soft and hard tissue biopsies were obtained from each lesion and forwarded for histopathologic evaluation. Two patients received a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure, which allowed the tooth to be retained. One patient received an extraction with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) due to a hopeless prognosis of the tooth. The results after histopathologic evaluation yielded a final diagnosis of cemental tear for all three patients. Cemental tears may be overlooked, and therefore, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of periapical periodontitis, endodontic-periodontal lesion and vertical root fracture (VRF).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pedercini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D F Weitz
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J D Heyse
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C Pedercini
- School of Oral Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - I Kormas
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - I G Koutlas
- Oral Pathology Laboratories, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D K Johnson
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S B McClanahan
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Vidoni ED, Morris JK, Watts A, Perry M, Clutton J, Van Sciver A, Kamat AS, Mahnken J, Hunt SL, Townley R, Honea R, Shaw AR, Johnson DK, Vacek J, Burns JM. Effect of aerobic exercise on amyloid accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer's: A 1-year randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244893. [PMID: 33444359 PMCID: PMC7808620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to investigate the role of physical exercise to protect brain health as we age, including the potential to mitigate Alzheimer's-related pathology. We assessed the effect of 52 weeks of a supervised aerobic exercise program on amyloid accumulation, cognitive performance, and brain volume in cognitively normal older adults with elevated and sub-threshold levels of cerebral amyloid as measured by amyloid PET imaging. METHODS AND FINDINGS This 52-week randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise vs. education control intervention. A total of 117 underactive older adults (mean age 72.9 [7.7]) without evidence of cognitive impairment, with elevated (n = 79) or subthreshold (n = 38) levels of cerebral amyloid were randomized, and 110 participants completed the study. Exercise was conducted with supervision and monitoring by trained exercise specialists. We conducted 18F-AV45 PET imaging of cerebral amyloid and anatomical MRI for whole brain and hippocampal volume at baseline and Week 52 follow-up to index brain health. Neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, Week 26, and Week 52 to assess executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial cognitive domains. Cardiorespiratory fitness testing was performed at baseline and Week 52 to assess response to exercise. The aerobic exercise group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (11% vs. 1% in the control group) but there were no differences in change measures of amyloid, brain volume, or cognitive performance compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise was not associated with reduced amyloid accumulation in cognitively normal older adults with cerebral amyloid. In spite of strong systemic cardiorespiratory effects of the intervention, the observed lack of cognitive or brain structure benefits suggests brain benefits of exercise reported in other studies are likely to be related to non-amyloid effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02000583; ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Vidoni
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Jill K. Morris
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Mark Perry
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jon Clutton
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Angela Van Sciver
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Ashwini S. Kamat
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Mahnken
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Suzanne L. Hunt
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Ryan Townley
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Robyn Honea
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Shaw
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - James Vacek
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
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Rigby T, Johnson DK, Taylor A, Galvin JE. Comparison of the Caregiving Experience of Grief, Burden, and Quality of Life in Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Alzheimer's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:421-432. [PMID: 33554912 PMCID: PMC8483604 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are faced with numerous challenges. However, little is known about the caregiving experience across different dementias. OBJECTIVE The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine the differences in the caregiver experience between DLB, PDD, and AD. METHODS Respondents were caregivers (N = 515; 384 DLB, 69 AD, 62 PDD) who completed a 230-question survey including sociodemographics, disease severity, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and measures of grief, burden, depression, quality of life, social support, well-being, care confidence, and mastery/self-efficacy. RESULTS There were no differences in caregiver age, sex, race, or education, or in the distribution of disease severity between diagnostic groups. Constructs were highly intercorrelated with positive attributes (caregiver QoL, care recipient QoL, social support, well-being, mastery and care confidence) being inversely correlated with negative attributes (burden, grief, and depression). Across dementia etiologies, no differences were reported for quality of life, social support, depression, well-being, psychological well-being, mastery, care confidence, burden or grief. Instead, we found that the caregiver's experience was dependent on caregiver characteristics, person living with dementia characteristics and their most disturbing symptom, with behavior, personality changes, and sleep having the greatest effect on constructs. CONCLUSION Caregiver ratings of psychosocial constructs may be more dependent on care recipient-caregiver dyad characteristics and the current symptoms than the underlying cause of those symptoms. Interventions to improve the caregiving experience should be developed to address specific psychosocial constructs rather than focusing on disease etiology or stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Rigby
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Health Sciences, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angela Taylor
- The Lewy Body Dementia Association, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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43
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Chacón-Araya Y, Briceño-Torres JM, Peralta-Brenes M, Hernández-Gamboa R, Johnson DK, Watts A, Vidoni ED, Billinger SA, Salazar-Villanea M, Moncada-Jiménez J. Predicting Exertion from Metabolic, Physiological and Cognitive Variables in Older Adults. Pensam psicol 2020. [DOI: 10.11144/javerianacali.ppsi18-2.pemp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To determine the association between perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological variables and to determine the predictive factors of RPE during submaximal and maximal exertion in older adults. Method. Older adults from Kansas (n = 100) and Costa Rica (n = 79) performed a submaximal and maximal stress test. RPE, education level and a total score of cognitive function (CFTS) were collected. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were computed using RPE as the criterion variable and oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), CFTS and education level as predictors. Results. There was a significant correlation between VEP and RER (r = 0.22, p = 0.029) at maximal exertion. The RPE predictors for women were VO2, RER, and CFTS at different stages of the test. For men, VEP was predicted by RER, education level, and VO2 at different stages. Conclusion. Metabolic and physiological variables predicted RPE in older adults. Age, cognition, and heart rate were unrelated to RPE at maximal exertion, and RER predicted RPE scores during submaximal and maximal exertion.
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Bawa S, Gameros S, Baumann K, Brooks DS, Kollhoff JA, Zolkiewski M, Re Cecconi AD, Panini N, Russo M, Piccirillo R, Johnson DK, Kashipathy MM, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Bouyain SEA, Kawakami J, Geisbrecht ER. Costameric integrin and sarcoglycan protein levels are altered in a Drosophila model for Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:260-273. [PMID: 33296226 PMCID: PMC8098830 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in two different domains of the ubiquitously expressed TRIM32 protein give rise to two clinically separate diseases, one of which is Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). Uncovering the muscle-specific role of TRIM32 in LGMD2H pathogenesis has proven difficult, as neurogenic phenotypes, independent of LGMD2H pathology, are present in TRIM32 KO mice. We previously established a platform to study LGMD2H pathogenesis using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. Here we show that LGMD2H disease-causing mutations in the NHL domain are molecularly and structurally conserved between fly and human TRIM32. Furthermore, transgenic expression of a subset of myopathic alleles (R394H, D487N, and 520fs) induce myofibril abnormalities, altered nuclear morphology, and reduced TRIM32 protein levels, mimicking phenotypes in patients afflicted with LGMD2H. Intriguingly, we also report for the first time that the protein levels of βPS integrin and sarcoglycan δ, both core components of costameres, are elevated in TRIM32 disease-causing alleles. Similarly, murine myoblasts overexpressing a catalytically inactive TRIM32 mutant aberrantly accumulate α- and β-dystroglycan and α-sarcoglycan. We speculate that the stoichiometric loss of costamere components disrupts costamere complexes to promote muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjot Bawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Samantha Gameros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Kenny Baumann
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - David S Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Joseph A Kollhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Michal Zolkiewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | | | - Nicolò Panini
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Russo
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | | | - David K Johnson
- Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, Computational Chemical Biology Core, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | | | | | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Samuel E A Bouyain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Jessica Kawakami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
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Muthuramalingam M, Whittier SK, Lovell S, Battaile KP, Tachiyama S, Johnson DK, Picking WL, Picking WD. The Structures of SctK and SctD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveal the Interface of the Type III Secretion System Basal Body and Sorting Platform. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166693. [PMID: 33122003 PMCID: PMC10550303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type III secretion systems (T3SS) to inject proteins into eukaryotic cells to subvert normal cellular functions. The T3SS apparatus (injectisome) shares a common architecture in all systems studied thus far, comprising three major components - the cytoplasmic sorting platform, envelope-spanning basal body and external needle with tip complex. The sorting platform consists of an ATPase (SctN) connected to "pods" (SctQ) having six-fold symmetry via radial spokes (SctL). These pods interface with the 24-fold symmetric SctD inner membrane ring (IR) via an adaptor protein (SctK). Here we report the first high-resolution structure of a SctK protein family member, PscK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the structure of its interacting partner, the cytoplasmic domain of PscD (SctD). The cytoplasmic domain of PscD forms a forkhead-associated (FHA) fold, like that of its homologues from other T3SS. PscK, on the other hand, forms a helix-rich structure that does not resemble any known protein fold. Based on these structural findings, we present the first model for an interaction between proteins from the sorting platform and the IR. We also test the importance of the PscD residues predicted to mediate this electrostatic interaction using a two-hybrid analysis. The functional need for these residues in vivo was then confirmed by monitoring secretion of the effector ExoU. These structures will contribute to the development of atomic-resolution models of the entire sorting platform and to our understanding of the mechanistic interface between the sorting platform and the basal body of the injectisome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean K Whittier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Kevin P Battaile
- IMCA-CAT, Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Argonne, IL 60439, United States
| | - Shoichi Tachiyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Laboratory, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Wendy L Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - William D Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
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46
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DeCarli C, Erickson K, Farias ST, Olichney JM, Johnson DK, Dugger BN, Mungas DM, Fletcher E, Maillard P, Maezawa I, Jin L. Association of plasma abeta and tau levels in relation to cognition and brain structure in a diverse community. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan M Mungas
- University of California, Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- IDeA Laboratory, Department of Neurology UC Davis Davis CA USA
| | | | | | - Lee‐Way Jin
- University of California‐Davis Sacramento CA USA
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Kim Y, Mittal A, Robichaud DJ, Pilath HM, Etz BD, St. John PC, Johnson DK, Kim S. Prediction of Hydroxymethylfurfural Yield in Glucose Conversion through Investigation of Lewis Acid and Organic Solvent Effects. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjoon Kim
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Ashutosh Mittal
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Heidi M. Pilath
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Brian D. Etz
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Peter C. St. John
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - David K. Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Seonah Kim
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15523 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
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48
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Alhammad YMO, Kashipathy MM, Roy A, Gagné JP, McDonald P, Gao P, Nonfoux L, Battaile KP, Johnson DK, Holmstrom ED, Poirier GG, Lovell S, Fehr AR. The SARS-CoV-2 conserved macrodomain is a mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.11.089375. [PMID: 32511412 PMCID: PMC7263559 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.11.089375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other SARS-like-CoVs encode 3 tandem macrodomains within non-structural protein 3 (nsp3). The first macrodomain, Mac1, is conserved throughout CoVs, and binds to and hydrolyzes mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) from target proteins. Mac1 likely counters host-mediated anti-viral ADP-ribosylation, a posttranslational modification that is part of the host response to viral infections. Mac1 is essential for pathogenesis in multiple animal models of CoV infection, implicating it as a virulence factor and potential therapeutic target. Here we report the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 in complex with ADP-ribose. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Mac1 exhibit similar structural folds and all 3 proteins bound to ADP-ribose with low μM affinities. Importantly, using ADP-ribose detecting binding reagents in both a gel-based assay and novel ELISA assays, we demonstrated de-MARylating activity for all 3 CoV Mac1 proteins, with the SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 protein leading to a more rapid loss of substrate compared to the others. In addition, none of these enzymes could hydrolyze poly-ADP-ribose. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2 and other CoV Mac1 proteins are MAR-hydrolases with similar functions, indicating that compounds targeting CoV Mac1 proteins may have broad anti-CoV activity. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged into the human population and has led to a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 that has caused greater than 900 thousand deaths worldwide. With, no currently approved treatments, novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. All coronaviruses encode for a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that binds to and removes ADP-ribose adducts from proteins in a dynamic post-translational process increasingly recognized as an important factor that regulates viral infection. The macrodomain is essential for CoV pathogenesis and may be a novel therapeutic target. Thus, understanding its biochemistry and enzyme activity are critical first steps for these efforts. Here we report the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 in complex with ADP-ribose, and describe its ADP-ribose binding and hydrolysis activities in direct comparison to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Mac1 proteins. These results are an important first step for the design and testing of potential therapies targeting this unique protein domain.
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Jain A, Hu G, Kumar Ratnakaram SS, Johnson DK, Picking WD, Picking WL, Middaugh CR. Preformulation Characterization and the Effect of Ionic Excipients on the Stability of a Novel DB Fusion Protein. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:108-123. [PMID: 32916136 PMCID: PMC7750262 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Shigella ssp cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) which has high global morbidity in young children and the elderly. The virulence of Shigella relies upon a type III secretion system (T3SS) which injects host altering effector proteins into targeted intestinal cells. The Shigella T3SS contains two components, invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) and invasion plasmid antigen B (IpaB), that were previously identified as broadly protective antigens. When IpaD and IpaB were co-expressed to give the DB fusion (DBF) protein, vaccine efficacy was further improved. Biophysical characterization under various pH conditions showed that DBF is most stable at pH 7 and 8 and loses its conformational integrity at 48 and 50 °C respectively. Forced degradation studies revealed significant effects on the secondary structure, tertiary structure and conformational stability of DBF. In the presence of phosphate buffers as well as other anionic excipients, DBF demonstrated a concentration dependent conformational stabilization. Molecular docking revealed potential polyanion binding sites in DBF that may interact with phytic acid. These sites can be exploited to stabilize the DBF protein. This work highlights potential destabilizing and stabilizing factors, which not only improves our understanding of the DBF protein but helps in future development of a stable Shigella vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | | | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - William D Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Wendy L Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Charles Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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50
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Han JW, Maillard P, Harvey D, Fletcher E, Martinez O, Johnson DK, Olichney JM, Farias ST, Villeneuve S, Jagust W, Mungas D, DeCarli C. Association of vascular brain injury, neurodegeneration, amyloid, and cognitive trajectory. Neurology 2020; 95:e2622-e2634. [PMID: 32732300 PMCID: PMC7713731 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether vascular and neurodegenerative factors influence cognition before clinically relevant Alzheimer disease pathology, we analyzed MRI measures and amyloid imaging in an ethnoracially diverse cohort of cognitively normal individuals older than 60 years. METHODS Participants (n = 154; mean age 74.15 ± 6.94; 50% female; 54% Caucasian, 22.1% Hispanic, 14.9% African American) were recruited from the University of California, Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, who were cognitively normal at baseline, time of PET, and MRI, and received yearly cognitive assessment for 6.23 ± 4.16 years. Mixed model regression with random slope and intercept was calculated for episodic memory and executive function, adjusting for age, sex, education, and ethnicity. RESULTS Vascular burden score was associated with total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume (β, 0.171; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.024-0.318). WMH volume was associated with low baseline executive function (-0.115; -0.226 to -0.003) and rate of change in memory (-0.029; -0.045 to -0.012). Hippocampal volume was associated with the rate of change in memory (0.040; 0.021-0.059) and executive function (0.024; 0.008-0.039). Continuous measures of amyloid status influenced change in memory (-0.026; -0.044 to -0.008) and executive function (-0.033; -0.046 to -0.021) independently of MRI measures. CONCLUSION Vascular brain injury and neurodegeneration are associated with baseline cognitive performance and the rate of longitudinal change independent of amyloid status among community-dwelling, ethnicity diverse cognitively normal individuals, supporting the role of vascular diseases as risk factors for later-life dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Han
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Pauline Maillard
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Danielle Harvey
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Evan Fletcher
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Oliver Martinez
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - David K Johnson
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - John M Olichney
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Sarah T Farias
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - William Jagust
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Dan Mungas
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Charles DeCarli
- From the Department of Neurology (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., D.K.J., J.M.O., S.T.F., D.M., C.D.), Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory (J.W.H., P.M., E.F., O.M., C.D.), and Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine (D.H.), University of California at Davis; Department of Neuropsychiatry (J.W.H.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.), University of California, Berkeley.
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