1
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Intelli AJ, Pal M, Selvaraju M, Altman RA. Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatization of Benzothiophenes: Isolation and Functionalization of a Discrete Dearomatized Intermediate. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2023; 55:3568-3574. [PMID: 37915377 PMCID: PMC10617892 DOI: 10.1055/a-2092-9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative dearomatization reaction of a heterocyclic substrate enables access to an uncommon reaction intermediate that rearomatizes in the presence of amine bases in a net C-H functionalization sequence. The dearomatized benzo[b]thiophene intermediate bears an exocyclic alkene that can be functionalized through cycloaddition and halogenation reactions to deliver complex heterocyclic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Intelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohan Pal
- NuChem Sciences Inc.; 2350 Rue Cohen Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada H4R 2N6
| | | | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Tang Z, Hegde S, Hao S, Selvaraju M, Qiu J, Wang J. Chemical-guided SHAPE sequencing (cgSHAPE-seq) informs the binding site of RNA-degrading chimeras targeting SARS-CoV-2 5' untranslated region. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.03.535453. [PMID: 37066172 PMCID: PMC10103992 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of RNA viruses is highly structured untranslated regions (UTRs) in their genomes. These conserved RNA structures are often essential for viral replication, transcription, or translation. In this report, we discovered and optimized a new type of coumarin derivatives, such as C30 and C34, which bind to a four-way RNA helix called SL5 in the 5' UTR of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. To locate the binding site, we developed a novel sequencing-based method namely cgSHAPE-seq, in which the acylating chemical probe was directed to crosslink with the 2'-OH groups of ribose at the ligand binding site. This crosslinked RNA could then create read-through mutations during reverse transcription (i.e., primer extension) at single-nucleotide resolution to uncover the acylation locations. cgSHAPE-seq unambiguously determined that a bulged G in SL5 was the primary binding site of C30 in the SARS-CoV-2 5' UTR, which was validated through mutagenesis and in vitro binding experiments. C30 was further used as a warhead in RNA-degrading chimeras to reduce viral RNA expression levels. We demonstrated that replacing the acylating moiety in the cgSHAPE probe with ribonuclease L recruiter (RLR) moieties yielded RNA degraders active in the in vitro RNase L degradation assay and SARS-CoV-2 5' UTR expressing cells. We further explored another RLR conjugation site on the E ring of C30/C34 and discovered improved RNA degradation activities in vitro and in cells. The optimized RNA-degrading chimera C64 inhibited live virus replication in lung epithelial carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Shalakha Hegde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Siyuan Hao
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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3
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Tang Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Tomer S, Selvaraju M, Tien N, Sun D, Johnson DK, Zhen A, Li P, Wang J. Structural and Biological Evaluations of a Non-Nucleoside STING Agonist Specific for Human STING A230 Variants. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.02.547363. [PMID: 37425806 PMCID: PMC10327114 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously we identified a non-nucleotide tricyclic agonist BDW568 that activates human STING (stimulator of interferon genes) gene variant containing A230 in a human monocyte cell line (THP-1). STINGA230 alleles, including HAQ and AQ, are less common STING variants in human population. To further characterize the mechanism of BDW568, we obtained the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of STINGA230 complexed with BDW-OH (active metabolite of BDW568) at 1.95 Å resolution and found the planar tricyclic structure in BDW-OH dimerizes in the STING binding pocket and mimics the two nucleobases of the endogenous STING ligand 2',3'-cGAMP. This binding mode also resembles a known synthetic ligand of human STING, MSA-2, but not another tricyclic mouse STING agonist DMXAA. Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies revealed that all three heterocycles in BDW568 and the S-acetate side chain are critical for retaining the compound's activity. BDW568 could robustly activate the STING pathway in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with STINGA230 genotype from healthy individuals. We also observed BDW568 could robustly activate type I interferon signaling in purified human primary macrophages that were transduced with lentivirus expressing STINGA230, suggesting its potential use to selectively activate genetically engineered macrophages in macrophage-based approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-macrophage immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Junxing Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shallu Tomer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Nicholas Tien
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Diyun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David K. Johnson
- Computation Chemical Biology Core, and Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pingwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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4
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Zhao J, Tang Z, Selvaraju M, Johnson KA, Douglas JT, Gao PF, Petrassi HM, Wang MZ, Wang J. Cellular Target Deconvolution of Small Molecules Using a Selection-Based Genetic Screening Platform. ACS Cent Sci 2022; 8:1424-1434. [PMID: 36313155 PMCID: PMC9615120 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule drug target identification is an essential and often rate-limiting step in phenotypic drug discovery and remains a major challenge. Here, we report a novel platform for target identification of activators of signaling pathways by leveraging the power of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knockout library. This platform links the expression of a suicide gene to the small-molecule-activated signaling pathway to create a selection system. With this system, loss-of-function screening using a CRISPR single-guide (sg) RNA library positively enriches cells in which the target has been knocked out. The identities of the drug targets and other essential genes required for the activity of small molecules of interest are then uncovered by sequencing. We tested this platform on BDW568, a newly discovered type-I interferon signaling activator, and identified stimulator of interferon genes (STING) as its target and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to be a key metabolizing enzyme required to activate BDW568 for target engagement. The platform we present here can be a general method applicable for target identification for a wide range of small molecules that activate different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Zhao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Zhichao Tang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Kristen A. Johnson
- Calibr,
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Justin T. Douglas
- Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Philip F. Gao
- Protein
Production Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - H. Michael Petrassi
- Calibr,
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael Zhuo Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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5
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Chen JY, Selvaraju M, Lin YT, Dhole S, Lin CY, Sun CM. Molecular Iodine-Promoted [3 + 2] Oxidative Cyclization for the Synthesis of Heteroarene-Fused [1,2,4] Thiadiazoles/Selenadiazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5570-5579. [PMID: 32249566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new classes of heteroarene-fused [1,2,4]thiadiazole and [1,2,4]selenadiazole are synthesized through the iodine-mediated [3 + 2] oxidative cyclization of 2-aminoheteroarenes and isothiocyanates/isoselenocyanates. This oxidative [3 + 2] annulation strategy is highly regiospecific to proceed a selective C-N bond formation at the endo-nitrogen of 2-aminoheteroarenes followed by an intramolecular oxidative N-S/N-Se bond formation. It is the first example of an I2-mediated oxidative nitrogen-selenium (N-Se) bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Yen-Tzu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Sandip Dhole
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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6
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de Azambuja F, Yang MH, Feoktistova T, Selvaraju M, Brueckner AC, Grove MA, Koley S, Cheong PHY, Altman RA. Connecting remote C-H bond functionalization and decarboxylative coupling using simple amines. Nat Chem 2020; 12:489-496. [PMID: 32152476 PMCID: PMC7192790 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization and decarboxylative coupling are two of the most notable synthetic strategies developed in the last 30 years. Herein, we connect these two reaction pathways using bases and a simple Pd-based catalyst system to promote a para-selective C–H functionalization reaction from benzylic electrophiles. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest a pathway involving an uncommon Pd-catalyzed dearomatization of the benzyl moiety followed by a base-enabled rearomatization through a formal 1,5-hydrogen migration. This reaction complements “C–H activation” strategies that convert inert C–H bonds into C–metal bonds prior to C–C bond formation. Instead, this reaction exploits an inverted sequence and promotes C–C bond formation prior to deprotonation. These studies provide an opportunity to develop general para-selective C–H functionalization reactions from benzylic electrophiles and show how new reactive modalities may be accessed with careful control of reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Azambuja
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ming-Hsiu Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Markas A Grove
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Suvajit Koley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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7
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Lu HY, Barve IJ, Selvaraju M, Sun CM. One-Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bis-Heterocycles: Benzimidazole-, Benzoxazole-, and Benzothiazole-Linked Thiazolidines. ACS Comb Sci 2020; 22:42-48. [PMID: 31756080 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, three-component synthesis of benzimidazole-linked thiazolidines from 2-cyanomethyl benzimidazole, iso-, isothio-, or isoselenocyanates and 1,2-dichloroethane is reported. Isolation of the key intermediate formed during the course of the reaction validates its mechanistic pathway. Under the same reaction conditions, benzimidazole-linked/fused thiazinanes were obtained when 1,3-dichloropropane or diiodomethane was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yuan Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Indrajeet J. Barve
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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8
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Ajayan KV, Harilal CC, Selvaraju M. Phycoremediation resultant lipid production and antioxidant changes in green microalgae Chlorella Sp. Int J Phytoremediation 2018; 20:1144-1151. [PMID: 30156920 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, we report on the treatment of tannery wastewater using microalgae Chlorella species to produce lipid and fatty acid as well as changes in antioxidant metabolism during the treatment. The variation in growth, production of pigments, antioxidant metabolism, lipid and fatty acids, and nutrient removal from wastewater during the remediation were observed. Surprisingly, a profuse growth was found in 50% diluted tannery wastewater (TW), which supported to accumulate high yield of lipid (18.5%) and unsaturated fatty acids (50.05%). The antioxidant activity of microalgae in both the concentrations (50% and 100% TW) were viz., lipid peroxidation 1.6 ± 0.1 and 2.3 ± 0.02nmol MDA mg-1 protein, SOD 10.3 ± 0.4 and 15.7 ± 0.9 U mg-1 protein, CAT 0.17 ± 0.036 and 0.52 ± 0.06 U mg-1 protein, and APX 7.2 ± 0.8 and 11.2 ± 09 U mg-1 protein respectively, which point out that the free radical scavenging mechanism against heavy metal stress. Maximum phycoremediation of heavy metals observed from both concentrations during the healthy growth period were Cr - 73.1, 45.7%, Cu - 90.4, 78.1%, Pb - 92.1, 52.2%, and Zn - 81.2, 44.6%, respectively. This study proved the potential use of Chlorella for heavy metal and nutrient removal from tannery wastewater. Moreover, an unaffected growth with high antioxidant activity of this species promises a sustainable lipid and fatty acid contents for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ajayan
- a Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany , University of Calicut , Tenjipalam , Kerala , India
- b Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - C C Harilal
- a Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany , University of Calicut , Tenjipalam , Kerala , India
| | - M Selvaraju
- b Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , Tamil Nadu , India
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9
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Wu TY, Dhole S, Selvaraju M, Sun CM. Regioselective Synthesis of Pyranone-Fused Indazoles via Reductive Cyclization and Alkyne Insertion. ACS Comb Sci 2018; 20:156-163. [PMID: 29381854 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient method for the one-pot synthesis of 2 H-indazole from readily available building blocks is reported. The reaction of 2-nitrobenzylamines with zinc and ammonium formate underwent partial reduction to nitroso-benzylamine followed by an intramolecular cyclization to afford 2 H-indazole via N-N bond formation. The carboxylic acid moiety of indazole was proceeded to regioselective alkyne insertion under ruthenium catalysis to form pyranone-fused indazoles. The regioselectivity is influenced by the weak coordination of indazole ring nitrogen to the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tz-Yi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Sandip Dhole
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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10
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Ye TY, Selvaraju M, Sun CM. Cascade Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Linked Pyrroles via Copper Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization and Ketonization. Org Lett 2017; 19:3103-3106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzuen-Yang Ye
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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11
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Selvaraju M, Wang YL, Sun CM. Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed C–H alkenylation/annulation cascade for the rapid synthesis of benzoimidazoisoindoles. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00136c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one pot synthesis of benzimidazole-fused isoindoles from 2-arylbenzimidazole and conjugated alkenes has been explored. The strategy involved the ruthenium-catalyzed formation of C–C and C–N bonds and a new five-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Ying-Lien Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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12
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Lin WH, Wu WC, Selvaraju M, Sun CM. One-pot synthesis of benzazoles and quinazolinones via iron pentacarbonyl mediated carbonylation of aryl iodides under microwave irradiation. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00733c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct and unconventional method for the synthesis of benzazoles and quinazolinones is discovered by using iron pentacarbonyl as a reducing agent and a solid carbon monoxide source under microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Huei Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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13
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Selvaraju M, Dhole S, Sun CM. Three Component Divergent Reactions: Base-Controlled Amphiphilic Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Linked Thiazetidines and Fused Thiadiazines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8867-8875. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sandip Dhole
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100
Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Thikekar TU, Selvaraju M, Sun CM. Skeletally Diverse Synthesis of Indole-Fused Diazocine and Diazepine Frameworks by One-Pot, Two-Component Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2016; 18:316-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100
Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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15
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Selvaraju M, Ye TY, Li CH, Ho PH, Sun CM. Copper catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization and ketonization: one pot synthesis of benzoimidazo[1,2-a]imidazolones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6621-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of benzoimidazo[1,2-a]imidazolone through a novel oxidative 5-exo-dig cyclization-ketonization cascade of 2-aminobenzimidazole, aldehyde and terminal alkyne has been explored under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Tzuen-Yang Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hsin Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
| | - Pei-Heng Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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16
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Elayaraj B, Selvaraju M. Occurrence of <i>Microcystis</i> <i>aeruginosa</i> Kütz. Water Blooms in a Eutrophic Pond of Chidambaram Taluk. ILNS 2015. [DOI: 10.56431/p-wc6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence and abundance of Microcystisaeruginosa were monitored monthly in eutrophic pond water of Ilamiyakkinar temple pond from July 2014 to June 2015. Some environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, free carbon-dioxide (FCO2), total alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen (DO2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO2-N) and phosphate are recorded and their relationship with the bloom formation by Microcystisaeruginosa were discussed. The initiation and persistence of Microcystisaeruginosa were founded to be triggered by relatively high water temperature (24 °C to 36.5 °C), pH (7.3 to 8.72) and NO2-N concentration.
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17
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Elayaraj B, Selvaraju M. Occurrence of <i>Microcystis</i> <i>aeruginosa</i> Kütz. Water Blooms in a Eutrophic Pond of Chidambaram Taluk. ILNS 2015. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.47.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence and abundance of Microcystisaeruginosa were monitored monthly in eutrophic pond water of Ilamiyakkinar temple pond from July 2014 to June 2015. Some environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, free carbon-dioxide (FCO2), total alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen (DO2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO2-N) and phosphate are recorded and their relationship with the bloom formation by Microcystisaeruginosa were discussed. The initiation and persistence of Microcystisaeruginosa were founded to be triggered by relatively high water temperature (24 °C to 36.5 °C), pH (7.3 to 8.72) and NO2-N concentration.
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18
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Abstract
The current study deals with water quality variations and micro algal community structure in the highly eutrophic pond. Several water quality parameters were evaluated during the period from July 2014 to June 2015 from sampling station sited from Annamalai Nagar viz., Pasupatheswarar temple pond. The water quality parameters like Air and water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, pH, free carbon-dioxide, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), calcium, magnesium, phosphate and nitrate were analysed. A total 29 species were observed during the study period of which 11 species from the class Cynophyceae, 9 species from the class Chlorophyceae, 6 species from the class Bacillariophyceae and 3 species from the class Euglenophyceae. Maximum species of the class Cyanophyceae were observed during study period. The Microcystisaeruginosa species observed in the pond indicates the signs of eutrophication of pond. The water quality parameters such as temperature, alkalinity, phosphate and nitrates are favourable for the growth of phytoplankton.
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19
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Basha SA, Selvaraju M. Toxic Effect of Zinc on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of Cow Pea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L.). ILNS 2015. [DOI: 10.56431/p-6tf03z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a heavy metal; this element is considered as environmental hazard.Toxicity effects of Zinc on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Zinc along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Cow pea plant (Vignaunguiculata.L). Thus, cow pea seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Zinc (control, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ppm). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and accumulation of nutrients along with Zinc in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than Zinc 50 mg/L zinc cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and zinc addition in the cultures caused enhancement of zinc content in roots and shoots of cow pea seedlings. Similarly nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of cow pea. It was also noted that accumulation of zinc in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
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20
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Abstract
Zinc is a heavy metal; this element is considered as environmental hazard.Toxicity effects of Zinc on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Zinc along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Cow pea plant (Vignaunguiculata.L). Thus, cow pea seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Zinc (control, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ppm). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and accumulation of nutrients along with Zinc in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than Zinc 50 mg/L zinc cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and zinc addition in the cultures caused enhancement of zinc content in roots and shoots of cow pea seedlings. Similarly nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of cow pea. It was also noted that accumulation of zinc in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
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21
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Dhole S, Selvaraju M, Maiti B, Chanda K, Sun CM. Microwave Controlled Reductive Cyclization: A Selective Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazole-alkyloxypyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones. ACS Comb Sci 2015; 17:310-6. [PMID: 25897944 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cascade synthesis of novel benzimidazole linked alkyloxypyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones was explored on soluble polymer support under microwave irradiation. Two exclusive protocols have been developed for the partial and full reductive cyclization by controlling the microwave energy. Commencing from the same substrate, ortho nitro pyrrol carboxylates, N-hydroxy pyrroloquinoxalinones were obtained by partial reductive cyclization (60 °C, 7 min), and the synthesis of pyrroloquinoxalinones was accomplished by full reductive cyclization (85 °C, 12 min). This method represents the first synthesis of N-hydroxy pyrroloquinoxalinones using Pd/C and ammonium formate as reducing agents. Further employing a variety of alkyl bromides, the obtained pyrroloquinoxalinones were transformed to their corresponding O- and N-alkylated analogues to deliver the diversified, novel molecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Dhole
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100,
Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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22
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Selvaraju M, Sun CM. Unprecedented one-pot chemocontrolled entry to thioxoimidazolidinones and aminoimidazolones: synthesis of kinase inhibitor leucettamine B. ACS Comb Sci 2015; 17:182-9. [PMID: 25569559 DOI: 10.1021/co500152s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel and highly chemoselective protocol for the construction of thioxoimidazolidinone and aminoimidazolone frameworks was explored, and the influence of the reaction conditions on product formation was studied to establish two distinct approaches for their selective formation. In this one-pot reaction, ambient temperature generally resulted in the formation of thioxoimidazolidinones, whereas microwave irradiation provided aminoimidazolones exclusively. An attempt to elucidate the observed chemoselectivity is described, and the products were confirmed by X-ray studies. One-pot synthesis toward Leucettamine B, a marine alkaloid, was achieved on the basis of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Selvaraju
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hseuh
Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100,
Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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23
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Huang CY, Chen LH, Huang HY, Kao FS, Lee YT, Selvaraju M, Sun CM, Chen HM. Parallel synthesis and biological evolution of quinic acid derivatives as immuno-suppressing agents against T-cell receptors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A parallel synthesis of quinic acid derivatives is explored and their biological evolution against T-cells is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Huang
- National Applied Research Laboratories
- National Nano Device Laboratories
- Biomedical Group
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Huang
- National Applied Research Laboratories
- National Nano Device Laboratories
- Biomedical Group
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Kao
- National Applied Research Laboratories
- National Nano Device Laboratories
- Biomedical Group
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ta Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
| | | | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
| | - Hueih-Min Chen
- National Applied Research Laboratories
- National Nano Device Laboratories
- Biomedical Group
- Hsinchu 300-10
- Taiwan
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24
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Elayaraj B, Selvaraju M. Studies on some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Cyanophycean Members and Correlation Coefficient of Eutrophic Ponds in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. ILNS 2014. [DOI: 10.56431/p-t1r71p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the statistical analysis of physico-chemical parameters and cyanophycean members of two pond water quality of Chidambaram, Cuddalore district (Tamil Nadu). The qualities of pond water were analyzed for six months. Eleven important parameters were included in statistical analysis. The qualities of pond water have been assessed by calculating mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Correlation studies of hydrobiology with physico-chemical parameters revealed that the relationship between phytoplankton density in general and that of the specific groups are highly complex and often controlled by interactions of different factors. In the both pond water the correlation coefficient test revealed that cyanophycean members positively correlated with temperature, pH, CO2, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, BOD and COD at 1 % and 5 % level significant, where as it is negatively correlated with acidity and dissolved oxygen. In the present study it can be concluded that the cyanophycean members are highly tolerant organisms. They prefer to grow at higher temperatures and in highly alkaline, BOD and COD waters. Hence they can with stand high levels of contaminated waters of Thillai Kali Kovil pond, when compared to Ilamiyakkinar Kovil pond.
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25
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Elayaraj B, Selvaraju M. Studies on some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Cyanophycean Members and Correlation Coefficient of Eutrophic Ponds in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. ILNS 2014. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.16.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the statistical analysis of physico-chemical parameters and cyanophycean members of two pond water quality of Chidambaram, Cuddalore district (Tamil Nadu). The qualities of pond water were analyzed for six months. Eleven important parameters were included in statistical analysis. The qualities of pond water have been assessed by calculating mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Correlation studies of hydrobiology with physico-chemical parameters revealed that the relationship between phytoplankton density in general and that of the specific groups are highly complex and often controlled by interactions of different factors. In the both pond water the correlation coefficient test revealed that cyanophycean members positively correlated with temperature, pH, CO2, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, BOD and COD at 1 % and 5 % level significant, where as it is negatively correlated with acidity and dissolved oxygen. In the present study it can be concluded that the cyanophycean members are highly tolerant organisms. They prefer to grow at higher temperatures and in highly alkaline, BOD and COD waters. Hence they can with stand high levels of contaminated waters of Thillai Kali Kovil pond, when compared to Ilamiyakkinar Kovil pond.
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26
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Selvaraju M, Sun CM. One-Pot Synthesis of TriazoloquinazolinonesviaCopper- Catalyzed Tandem Click and Intramolecular CH Amidation. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Ajayan KV, Selvaraju M. Heavy metal induced antioxidant defense system of green microalgae and its effective role in phycoremediation of tannery effluent. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 15:1056-62. [PMID: 24261120 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.1056.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of tannery effluent toxicology in green microalgae is of great importance from ecological point of view, because heavy metal has become a major contaminant in recent years. The present study determined the effect of various concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of heavy metals containing tannery effluent on cell growth and antioxidant defense system of two green microalgae. Treatment with effluent induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Lower tannery effluent concentrations increased algal growth, whereas higher concentration suppressed the growth and photosynthetic content. Both strains of the microalgae had proven effective in removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions with the highest removal efficiency being near 100% and it can be used for phycoremediation of wastewater in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ajayan
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, 608 002, India
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28
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Maiti B, Chanda K, Selvaraju M, Tseng CC, Sun CM. Multicomponent solvent-free synthesis of benzimidazolyl imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine under microwave irradiation. ACS Comb Sci 2013; 15:291-7. [PMID: 23590286 DOI: 10.1021/co400010y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel one-pot, three-component reaction employing variously substituted benzimidazole-linked amino pyridines, aldehydes, and isonitriles catalyzed by scandium(III) triflate under solvent-free conditions were accomplished. This new synthetic methodology facilitates the rapid generation of intricate molecular frameworks in three-dimensional fashion leading to benzimidazole-imidazo[1,2-a] pyridines. This approach is envisioned as an environmentally benign process and a simple operation to the biological interesting compounds. The present synthetic sequence permits the introduction of three points of structural diversity to expand chemical space with high purity and excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Maiti
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Drug Design, Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Drug Design, Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraju
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Drug Design, Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Tseng
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Drug Design, Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Drug Design, Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
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29
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Selvaraju M, Shiu WS, Kulkarni MV, Sun CM. Ionic liquid supported synthesis of tricyclic pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles by a telescoped Michael/hetero annulation strategy. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Liao JY, Selvaraju M, Chen CH, Sun CM. Multistep divergent synthesis of benzimidazole linked benzoxazole/benzothiazole via copper catalyzed domino annulation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2473-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Ajayan KV, Selvaraju M, Thirugnanamoorthy K. Growth and heavy metals accumulation potential of microalgae grown in sewage wastewater and petrochemical effluents. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 14:805-811. [PMID: 22545355 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.805.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae exhibit a number of heavy metal uptake process by different metabolism. In this study, the ability of microalgae for removal of heavy metal from wastewater was studied. Growth and biochemical contents of microalgae were determined by spectrophotometer. Heavy metal analysis of wastewater effluents were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer before and after treatment at laboratory scale. The growth of Scenedesmus bijuga and Oscillatoria quadripunctulata in sewage wastewater was higher than those grown in synthetic medium. Whereas, the growth of S. bijuga and O. quadripunctulata in sterilized petrochemical effluents was slightly lower than that grown in the standard synthetic medium. The chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein content of S. bijuga and O. quadripunctulata grown in sterilized sewage wastewater were higher than those grown in the standard medium. Similarly S. bijuga and O. quadripunctulata grown in sterilized petrochemical effluents showed lower contents of pigments and protein than those grown in sewage and synthetic medium. Heavy metals copper, cobalt, lead and zinc were removed by 37-50, 20.3-33.3, 34.6-100 and 32.1-100%, respectively from sewage wastewater and petrochemical effluent using Ocillatoria culture. The metal absorption by S. bijuga were (Cu, Co, Pb, Zn) 60-50, 29.6-66, 15.4-25 and 42.9-50%, respectively from sewage and petrochemical effluents. Both species showed high level of heavy metal removal efficiency and metal sorption efficiency of both microalgae depended on the type of biosorbent, the physiological status of the cells, availability of heavy metal, concentration of heavy metal and chemical composition of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ajayan
- Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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32
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Meenakshisundaram S, Selvaraju M, Gowda NMM, Rangappa KS. Effect of substituents on the rate of oxidation of anilines with peroxomonosulfate monoanion (HOOSO−3) in aqueous acetonitrile: A mechanistic study. INT J CHEM KINET 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Meenakshisundaram S, Selvaraju M. Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of ?-phenoxypropanoic acids with sodium salt of N-Chlorobenzene-sulphonamide: EDTA catalysis. INT J CHEM KINET 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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35
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Abstract
A one year old male child presented with a perianal growth of two months' duration. Clinical and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of condylomata acuminata, which regressed completely following topical treatment with podophyllin.
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