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Salazar Marcano D, Savić ND, Abdelhameed SAM, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Exploring the Reactivity of Polyoxometalates toward Proteins: From Interactions to Mechanistic Insights. JACS Au 2023; 3:978-990. [PMID: 37124292 PMCID: PMC10131212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the study of the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins showcase how fundamental insights obtained so far open new opportunities in biotechnology and medicine. In this Perspective, these studies are discussed through the lens of the reactivity of a family of soluble anionic metal-oxo nanoclusters known as polyoxometalates (POMs). POMs act as catalysts in a wide range of reactions with several different types of biomolecules and have promising therapeutic applications due to their antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms behind biochemically relevant reactions-particularly with complex biological systems such as proteins-still hinders further developments. Hence, in this Perspective, special attention is given to reactions of POMs with peptides and proteins showcasing a molecular-level understanding of the reaction mechanism. In doing so, we aim to highlight both existing limitations and promising directions of future research on the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins and beyond.
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2
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Abdelhameed SAM, de Azambuja F, Vasović T, Savić ND, Ćirković Veličković T, Parac-Vogt TN. Regioselective protein oxidative cleavage enabled by enzyme-like recognition of an inorganic metal oxo cluster ligand. Nat Commun 2023; 14:486. [PMID: 36717594 PMCID: PMC9887005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modifications of proteins are key to many applications in biotechnology. Metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions efficiently oxidize proteins but with low selectivity, and are highly dependent on the protein surface residues to direct the reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that discrete inorganic ligands such as polyoxometalates enable an efficient and selective protein oxidative cleavage. In the presence of ascorbate (1 mM), the Cu-substituted polyoxometalate K8[Cu2+(H2O)(α2-P2W17O61)], (CuIIWD, 0.05 mM) selectively cleave hen egg white lysozyme under physiological conditions (pH =7.5, 37 °C) producing only four bands in the gel electropherogram (12.7, 11, 10, and 5 kDa). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis reveals a regioselective cleavage in the vicinity of crystallographic CuIIWD/lysozyme interaction sites. Mechanistically, polyoxometalate is critical to position the Cu at the protein surface and limit the generation of oxidative species to the proximity of binding sites. Ultimately, this study outlines the potential of discrete, designable metal oxo clusters as catalysts for the selective modification of proteins through radical mechanisms under non-denaturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamara Vasović
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences & Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada D Savić
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tanja Ćirković Veličković
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences & Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.,Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea.,Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
A discrete dodecanuclear Zr oxo cluster catalyzed the direct formation of amide bonds without the need of water scavenging or dry reactions conditions showcasing the potential of these molecular clusters to become a new class of efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Zhang Y, Kokculer IY, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt T. Dynamic Environment at the Zr6 Oxo Cluster Surface Is Key for the Catalytic Formation of Amide Bonds. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium compounds are an attractive alternative to costly, low abundant metals for the development of inexpensive, readily available, and robust catalysts. The air and moisture stable Zr oxo clusters such...
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Simms C, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of MOF-808 Towards Peptide Bond Hydrolysis through Synthetic Modulations. Chemistry 2021; 27:17230-17239. [PMID: 34761450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The performance of MOFs in catalysis is largely derived from structural features, and much work has focused on introducing structural changes such as defects or ligand functionalisation to boost the reactivity of the MOF. However, the effects of different parameters chosen for the synthesis on the catalytic reactivity of the resulting MOF remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the role of metal precursor on the reactivity of Zr-based MOF-808 towards hydrolysis of the peptide bond in the glycylglycine model substrate. In addition, the effect of synthesis temperature and duration has been investigated. Surprisingly, the metal precursor was found to have a large influence on the reactivity of the MOF, surpassing the effect of particle size or number of defects. Additionally, we show that by careful selection of the Zr-salt precursor and temperature used in MOF syntheses, equally active MOF catalysts could be obtained after a 20 minute synthesis compared to 24 h synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Abdelhameed SAM, Ly HGT, Moons J, de Azambuja F, Proost P, Parac-Vogt TN. Expanding the reactivity of inorganic clusters towards proteins: the interplay between the redox and hydrolytic activity of Ce(iv)-substituted polyoxometalates as artificial proteases. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10655-10663. [PMID: 34447559 PMCID: PMC8356750 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of soluble metal-oxo clusters to specifically interact with protein surfaces makes them attractive as potential inorganic drugs and as artificial enzymes. In particular, metal-substituted polyoxometalates (MS-POMs) are remarkably selective in hydrolyzing a range of different proteins. However, the influence of MS-POMs' redox chemistry on their proteolytic activity remains virtually unexplored. Herein we report a highly site-selective hydrolysis of hemoglobin (Hb), a large tetrameric globular protein, by a Ce(iv)-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (CeIVK), and evaluate the effect of CeIVK's redox chemistry on its reactivity and selectivity as an artificial protease. At pH 5.0, incubation of Hb with CeIVK resulted in strictly selective protein hydrolysis at six Asp-X bonds, two of which were located in the α-chain (α(Asp75-Leu76) and α(Asp94-Pro95)) and five at the β-chain (β(Asp51-Ala52), β(Asp68-Ser69), β(Asp78-Asp79), β(Asp98-Pro99) and β(Asp128-Phe129)). However, increasing the pH of the reaction mixture to 7.4 decreased the CeIVK hydrolytic reactivity towards Hb, resulting in the cleavage of only one peptide bond (β(Asp128-Phe129)). Combination of UV-Vis, circular dichroism and Trp fluorescence spectroscopy indicated similar interactions between Hb and CeIVK at both pH conditions; however, 31P NMR spectroscopy showed faster reduction of CeIVK into the hydrolytically inactive CeIIIK form in the presence of protein at pH 7.4. In agreement with these results, careful mapping of all hydrolyzed Asp-X bonds on the protein structure revealed that the lower reactivity toward the α-chain was consistent with the presence of more redox-active amino acids (Tyr and His) in this subunit in comparison with the β-chain. This points towards a link between the presence of the redox-active sites on the protein surface and efficiency and selectivity of redox-active MS-POMs as artificial proteases. More importantly, the study provides a way to tune the redox and hydrolytic reactivity of MS-POMs towards proteins through adjustment of reaction parameters like temperature and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Giang T Ly
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University Can Tho Vietnam
| | - Jens Moons
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
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7
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Moons J, Loosen A, Simms C, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Heterogeneous nanozymatic activity of Hf oxo-clusters embedded in a metal-organic framework towards peptide bond hydrolysis. Nanoscale 2021; 13:12298-12305. [PMID: 34254101 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials with enzyme-like activities and proteolytic potential are emerging as a robust and effective alternative to natural enzymes. Herein, a Hf6O8-based NU-1000 metal organic framework (Hf-MOF) is shown to act as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds under mild conditions. In the presence of Hf-MOF, a glycylglycine model dipeptide was hydrolysed with a rate constant of kobs = 8.33 × 10-7 s-1 (half-life (t1/2) of 231 h) at 60 °C and pD 7.4, which is significantly faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. Other Gly-X peptides (X = Ser, Asp, Ile, Ala, and His) were also smoothly hydrolysed under the same conditions with similar rates, except for the faster reactions observed for Gly-His and Gly-Ser. Moreover, the Hf6O8-based NU-1000 MOF also exhibits a high selectivity in the cleavage of a protein substrate, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Our results suggest that embedding Hf6O8 oxo-clusters is an efficient strategy to conserve the hydrolytic activity while smoothing the strong substrate adsorption previously observed for a discrete Hf oxo-cluster that hindered further development of its proteolytic potential. Furthermore, comparison with isostructural Zr-NU-1000 shows that although the Hf variant afforded the same cleavage pattern towards HEWL but slightly slower reaction rates, it exhibited a larger stability window and a better recyclability profile. The results suggest that these differences originate from the intrinsic differences between HfIV and ZrIV centers, and from the lower surface area of Hf-NU-1000 in comparison to Zr-NU-1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhang Y, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. The forgotten chemistry of group(IV) metals: A survey on the synthesis, structure, and properties of discrete Zr(IV), Hf(IV), and Ti(IV) oxo clusters. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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de Azambuja F, Loosen A, Conic D, van den Besselaar M, Harvey JN, Parac-Vogt TN. En Route to a Heterogeneous Catalytic Direct Peptide Bond Formation by Zr-Based Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Loosen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dragan Conic
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Abstract
The selective cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins is of paramount importance in many areas of the biological and medical sciences, playing a key role in protein structure/function/folding analysis, protein engineering, and targeted proteolytic drug design. Current applications that depend on selective protein hydrolysis largely rely on costly proteases such as trypsin, which are sensitive to the pH, ionic strength, and temperature conditions. Moreover, >95% of peptides deposited in databases are generated from trypsin digests, restricting the information within the analyzed proteomes. On the other hand, harsh and toxic chemical reagents such as BrCN are very active but cause permanent modifications of certain amino acid residues. Consequently, transition-metal complexes have emerged as smooth and selective artificial proteases owing to their ability to provide larger fragments and complementary structural information. In the past decade, our group has discovered the unique protease activity of diverse metal-oxo clusters (MOC) and pioneered a distinctive approach to the development of selective artificial proteases. In contrast to classical coordination complexes which often depend on amino acid side chains to control the regioselectivity, the selectivity profile of MOCs is determined by a complex combination of structural factors, such as the protein surface charge, metal coordination to specific side chains, and hydrogen bonding between the protein surface and the MOC scaffold.In this Account, we present a critical overview of our detailed kinetic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic studies in MOC-assisted peptide bond hydrolysis, from its origins to the current rational and detailed mechanistic understanding. To this end, reactivity trends related to the structure and properties of MOCs based on the hydrolysis of small model peptides and key structural aspects governing the selectivity of protein hydrolysis are presented. Finally, our endeavors in seeking the next generation of heterogeneous MOC-based proteases are briefly discussed by embedding MOCs in metal-organic frameworks or using them as discrete nanoclusters in the development of artificial protease-like materials (i.e., nanozymes). The deep and comprehensive understanding sought experimentally and theoretically over the years in aqueous systems with intrinsic polar and charged substrates provides a unique view of the reactivity between inorganic moieties and biomolecules, thereby broadly impacting several different fields (e.g., catalysis in biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Yang Y, Borel T, de Azambuja F, Johnson D, Sorrentino JP, Udokwu C, Davis I, Liu A, Altman RA. Diflunisal Derivatives as Modulators of ACMS Decarboxylase Targeting the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway. J Med Chem 2020; 64:797-811. [PMID: 33369426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the kynurenine pathway for tryptophan degradation, an unstable metabolic intermediate, α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde (ACMS), can nonenzymatically cyclize to form quinolinic acid, the precursor for de novo biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In a competing reaction, ACMS is decarboxylated by ACMS decarboxylase (ACMSD) for further metabolism and energy production. Therefore, the inhibition of ACMSD increases NAD+ levels. In this study, an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, diflunisal, was found to competitively inhibit ACMSD. The complex structure of ACMSD with diflunisal revealed a previously unknown ligand-binding mode and was consistent with the results of inhibition assays, as well as a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Moreover, two synthesized diflunisal derivatives showed half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 1 order of magnitude better than diflunisal at 1.32 ± 0.07 μM (22) and 3.10 ± 0.11 μM (20), respectively. The results suggest that diflunisal derivatives have the potential to modulate NAD+ levels. The ligand-binding mode revealed here provides a new direction for developing inhibitors of ACMSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Timothy Borel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | | | - David Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core and Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jacob P Sorrentino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chinedum Udokwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ian Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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12
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de Azambuja F, Lenie J, Parac-Vogt TN. Homogeneous Metal Catalysts with Inorganic Ligands: Probing Ligand Effects in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Direct Amide Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jille Lenie
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Abdelhameed SAM, Vandebroek L, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Redox Activity of Ce(IV)-Substituted Polyoxometalates toward Amino Acids and Peptides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10569-10577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurens Vandebroek
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Loosen A, de Azambuja F, Smolders S, Moons J, Simms C, De Vos D, Parac-Vogt TN. Interplay between structural parameters and reactivity of Zr 6-based MOFs as artificial proteases. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6662-6669. [PMID: 34094124 PMCID: PMC8159359 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural parameters influencing the reactivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are challenging to establish. However, understanding their effect is crucial to further develop their catalytic potential. Here, we uncovered a correlation between reaction kinetics and the morphological structure of MOF-nanozymes using the hydrolysis of a dipeptide under physiological pH as model reaction. Comparison of the activation parameters in the presence of NU-1000 with those observed with MOF-808 revealed the reaction outcome is largely governed by the Zr6 cluster. Additionally, its structural environment completely changes the energy profile of the hydrolysis step, resulting in a higher energy barrier ΔG ‡ for NU-1000 due to a much larger ΔS ‡ term. The reactivity of NU-1000 towards a hen egg white lysozyme protein under physiological pH was also evaluated, and the results pointed to a selective cleavage at only 3 peptide bonds. This showcases the potential of Zr-MOFs to be developed into heterogeneous catalysts for non-enzymatic but selective transformation of biomolecules, which are crucial for many modern applications in biotechnology and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loosen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Simon Smolders
- Department Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | - Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | - Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Department Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
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15
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Moons J, de Azambuja F, Mihailovic J, Kozma K, Smiljanic K, Amiri M, Cirkovic Velickovic T, Nyman M, Parac-Vogt TN. Discrete Hf 18 Metal-oxo Cluster as a Heterogeneous Nanozyme for Site-Specific Proteolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9094-9101. [PMID: 32154631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selective hydrolysis of proteins by non-enzymatic catalysis is difficult to achieve, yet it is crucial for applications in biotechnology and proteomics. Herein, we report that discrete hafnium metal-oxo cluster [Hf18 O10 (OH)26 (SO4 )13 ⋅(H2 O)33 ] (Hf18 ), which is centred by the same hexamer motif found in many MOFs, acts as a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient hydrolysis of horse heart myoglobin (HHM) in low buffer concentrations. Among 154 amino acids present in the sequence of HHM, strictly selective cleavage at only 6 solvent accessible aspartate residues was observed. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the hydrolytic activity is likely derived from the actuation of HfIV Lewis acidic sites and the Brønsted acidic surface of Hf18 . X-ray scattering and ESI-MS revealed that Hf18 is completely insoluble in these conditions, confirming the HHM hydrolysis is caused by a heterogeneous reaction of the solid Hf18 cluster, and not from smaller, soluble Hf species that could leach into solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jelena Mihailovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karoly Kozma
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Katarina Smiljanic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mehran Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
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16
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de Azambuja F, Yang MH, Feoktistova T, Selvaraju M, Brueckner AC, Grove MA, Koley S, Cheong PHY, Altman RA. Connecting remote C-H bond functionalization and decarboxylative coupling using simple amines. Nat Chem 2020; 12:489-496. [PMID: 32152476 PMCID: PMC7192790 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization and decarboxylative coupling are two of the most notable synthetic strategies developed in the last 30 years. Herein, we connect these two reaction pathways using bases and a simple Pd-based catalyst system to promote a para-selective C–H functionalization reaction from benzylic electrophiles. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest a pathway involving an uncommon Pd-catalyzed dearomatization of the benzyl moiety followed by a base-enabled rearomatization through a formal 1,5-hydrogen migration. This reaction complements “C–H activation” strategies that convert inert C–H bonds into C–metal bonds prior to C–C bond formation. Instead, this reaction exploits an inverted sequence and promotes C–C bond formation prior to deprotonation. These studies provide an opportunity to develop general para-selective C–H functionalization reactions from benzylic electrophiles and show how new reactive modalities may be accessed with careful control of reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Azambuja
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ming-Hsiu Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Markas A Grove
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Suvajit Koley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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18
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Abstract
A new bench-stable trifluoromethylation reagent, phenyl bromodifluoroacetate, converts readily available alcohols to trifluoromethanes in a Cu-catalyzed deoxytrifluoromethylation reaction. This reaction streamlines access to target biologically active molecules, and should be useful for a variety of medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Azambuja
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Sydney M Lovrien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Patrick Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Brett R Ambler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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19
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Godoi MN, de Azambuja F, Martinez PDG, Morgon NH, Santos VG, Regiani T, Lesage D, Dossmann H, Cole RB, Eberlin MN, Correia CRD. Revisiting the Intermolecular Fujiwara Hydroarylation of Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marla N. Godoi
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Nelson H. Morgon
- Chemistry Institute; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Vanessa G. Santos
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Thaís Regiani
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Denis Lesage
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 75252 Paris CEDEX 05 France
| | - Heloise Dossmann
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 75252 Paris CEDEX 05 France
| | - Richard B. Cole
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 75252 Paris CEDEX 05 France
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
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Yu DG, Gensch T, de Azambuja F, Vásquez-Céspedes S, Glorius F. Co(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/formal SN-type reactions: selective and efficient cyanation, halogenation, and allylation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17722-5. [PMID: 25472496 DOI: 10.1021/ja511011m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first cobalt-catalyzed cyanation, halogenation, and allylation via C-H activation have been realized. These formal SN-type reactions generate valuable (hetero)aryl/alkenyl nitriles, iodides, and bromides as well as allylated indoles using a bench-stable Co(III) catalyst. High regio- and mono-selectivity were achieved for these reactions. Additionally, allylation proceeded efficiently with a turnover number of 2200 at room temperature, which is unprecedented for this Co(III) catalyst. Alkenyl substrates and amides have been successfully utilized in Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C-H activation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Yu DG, de Azambuja F, Gensch T, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. The C-H activation/1,3-diyne strategy: highly selective direct synthesis of diverse bisheterocycles by Rh(III) catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9650-4. [PMID: 24986535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity and selectivity of 1,3-diynes in transition-metal-catalyzed CH activation is exploited to quickly assemble diverse polysubstituted bisheterocycles, which are highly important but difficult to access. By using the CH activation/1,3-diyne strategy, we overcame the challenges of selectivity (chemo-, regio-, and mono-/diannulation) and constructed seven kinds of adjacent bisheterocycles through the formation of four strategic bonds with high efficiency and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Yu
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany) http://www.uni-muenster.de/Chemie.oc/glorius/
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Lenardão EJ, Silva MS, Mendes SR, Azambuja FD, Jacob RG, Santos PCSD, Perin G. Synthesis of beta-phenylchalcogeno-alpha, beta-unsaturated esters, ketones and nitriles using microwave and solvent-free conditions. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532007000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Perin G, Jacob RG, de Azambuja F, Botteselle GV, Siqueira GM, Freitag RA, Lenardão EJ. The first synthesis of β-phenylchalcogeno-α,β-unsaturated esters via hydrochalcogenation of acetylenes using microwave and solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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