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Liu CL, Moussawi MA, Kalandia G, Salazar Marcano DE, Shepard WE, Parac-Vogt TN. Cavity-Directed Synthesis of Labile Polyoxometalates for Catalysis in Confined Spaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401940. [PMID: 38408301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The artificial microenvironments inside coordination cages have gained significant attention for performing enzyme-like catalytic reactions by facilitating the formation of labile and complex molecules through a "ship-in-a-bottle" approach. Despite many fascinating examples, this approach remains scarcely explored in the context of synthesizing metallic clusters such as polyoxometalates (POMs). The development of innovative approaches to control and influence the speciation of POMs in aqueous solutions would greatly advance their applicability and could ultimately lead to the formation of elusive clusters that cannot be synthesized by using traditional methods. In this study, we employ host-guest stabilization within a coordination cage to enable a novel cavity-directed synthesis of labile POMs in aqueous solutions under mild conditions. The elusive Lindqvist [M6O19]2- (M=Mo or W) POMs were successfully synthesized at room temperature via the condensation of molybdate or tungstate building blocks within the confined cavity of a robust and water-soluble Pt6L4(NO3)12 coordination cage. Importantly, the encapsulation of these POMs enhances their stability in water, rendering them efficient catalysts for environmentally friendly and selective sulfoxidation reactions using H2O2 as a green oxidant in a pure aqueous medium. The approach developed in this paper offers a means to synthesize and stabilize the otherwise unstable metal-oxo clusters in water, which can broaden the scope of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Lian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mhamad Aly Moussawi
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Givi Kalandia
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - William E Shepard
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France
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2
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Dai S, Simms C, Patriarche G, Daturi M, Tissot A, Parac-Vogt TN, Serre C. Highly defective ultra-small tetravalent MOF nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3434. [PMID: 38653991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and defects in crystalline inorganic materials are of importance in many applications, particularly catalysis, as it often results in enhanced/emerging properties. So far, applying the strategy of modulation chemistry has been unable to afford high-quality functional Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) nanocrystals with minimized size while exhibiting maximized defects. We report here a general sustainable strategy for the design of highly defective and ultra-small tetravalent MOFs (Zr, Hf) crystals (ca. 35% missing linker, 4-6 nm). Advanced characterizations have been performed to shed light on the main factors governing the crystallization mechanism and to identify the nature of the defects. The ultra-small nanoMOFs showed exceptional performance in peptide hydrolysis reaction, including high reactivity, selectivity, diffusion, stability, and show emerging tailorable reactivity and selectivity towards peptide bond formation simply by changing the reaction solvent. Therefore, these highly defective ultra-small M(IV)-MOFs particles open new perspectives for the development of heterogeneous MOF catalysts with dual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Dai
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte Simms
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Daturi
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Tissot
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.
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3
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Declerck K, Savić ND, Moussawi MA, Seno C, Pokratath R, De Roo J, Parac-Vogt TN. Molecular Insights into Sequence-Specific Protein Hydrolysis by a Soluble Zirconium-Oxo Cluster Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38621177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of catalysts for controlled fragmentation of proteins is a critical undertaking in modern proteomics and biotechnology. {Zr6O8}-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates for catalysis of peptide bond hydrolysis due to their high reactivity, stability, and recyclability. However, emerging evidence suggests that protein hydrolysis mainly occurs on the MOF surface, thereby questioning the need for their highly porous 3D nature. In this work, we show that the discrete and water-soluble [Zr6O4(OH)4(CH3CO2)8(H2O)2Cl3]+ (Zr6) metal-oxo cluster (MOC), which is based on the same hexamer motif found in various {Zr6O8}-based MOFs, shows excellent activity toward selective hydrolysis of equine skeletal muscle myoglobin. Compared to related Zr-MOFs, Zr6 exhibits superior reactivity, with near-complete protein hydrolysis after 24 h of incubation at 60 °C, producing seven selective fragments with a molecular weight in the range of 3-15 kDa, which are of ideal size for middle-down proteomics. The high solubility and molecular nature of Zr6 allow detailed solution-based mechanistic/interaction studies, which revealed that cluster-induced protein unfolding is a key step that facilitates hydrolysis. A combination of multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis provided insight into the speciation of Zr6 and the ligand exchange processes occurring on the surface of the cluster, which results in the dimerization of two Zr6 clusters via bridging oxygen atoms. Considering the relevance of discrete Zr-oxo clusters as building blocks of MOFs, the molecular-level understanding reported in this work contributes to the further development of novel catalysts based on Zr-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Carlotta Seno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rohan Pokratath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Stojanović M, Čolović MB, Lalatović J, Milosavljević A, Savić ND, Declerck K, Radosavljević B, Ćetković M, Kravić-Stevović T, Parac-Vogt TN, Krstić D. Monolacunary Wells-Dawson Polyoxometalate as a Novel Contrast Agent for Computed Tomography: A Comprehensive Study on In Vivo Toxicity and Biodistribution. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2569. [PMID: 38473818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyoxotungstate nanoclusters have recently emerged as promising contrast agents for computed tomography (CT). In order to evaluate their clinical potential, in this study, we evaluated the in vitro CT imaging properties, potential toxic effects in vivo, and tissue distribution of monolacunary Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate, α2-K10P2W17O61.20H2O (mono-WD POM). Mono-WD POM showed superior X-ray attenuation compared to other tungsten-containing nanoclusters (its parent WD-POM and Keggin POM) and the standard iodine-based contrast agent (iohexol). The calculated X-ray attenuation linear slope for mono-WD POM was significantly higher compared to parent WD-POM, Keggin POM, and iohexol (5.97 ± 0.14 vs. 4.84 ± 0.05, 4.55 ± 0.16, and 4.30 ± 0.09, respectively). Acute oral (maximum-administered dose (MAD) = 960 mg/kg) and intravenous administration (1/10, 1/5, and 1/3 MAD) of mono-WD POM did not induce unexpected changes in rats' general habits or mortality. Results of blood gas analysis, CO-oximetry status, and the levels of electrolytes, glucose, lactate, creatinine, and BUN demonstrated a dose-dependent tendency 14 days after intravenous administration of mono-WD POM. The most significant differences compared to the control were observed for 1/3 MAD, being approximately seventy times higher than the typically used dose (0.015 mmol W/kg) of tungsten-based contrast agents. The highest tungsten deposition was found in the kidney (1/3 MAD-0.67 ± 0.12; 1/5 MAD-0.59 ± 0.07; 1/10 MAD-0.54 ± 0.05), which corresponded to detected morphological irregularities, electrolyte imbalance, and increased BUN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Lalatović
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Milosavljević
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kilian Declerck
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Branimir Radosavljević
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mila Ćetković
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravić-Stevović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Danijela Krstić
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Salazar Marcano DE, Lentink S, Chen JJ, Anyushin AV, Moussawi MA, Bustos J, Van Meerbeek B, Nyman M, Parac-Vogt TN. Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Proteins Promoted by Hybrid Polyoxometalates. Small 2024:e2312009. [PMID: 38213017 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the formation of supramolecular protein assemblies and endowing them with new properties that can lead to novel functional materials is an important but challenging task. In this work, a new hybrid polyoxometalate is designed to induce controlled intermolecular bridging between biotin-binding proteins. Such bridging interactions lead to the formation of supramolecular protein assemblies incorporating metal-oxo clusters that go from several nanometers in diameter up to the micron range. Insights into the self-assembly process and the nature of the resulting biohybrid materials are obtained by a combination of Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), along with fluorescence, UV-vis, and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The formation of hybrid supramolecular assemblies is determined to be driven by biotin binding to the protein and electrostatic interactions between the anionic metal-oxo cluster and the protein, both of which also influence the stability of the resulting assemblies. As a result, the rate of formation, size, and stability of the supramolecular assemblies can be tuned by controlling the electrostatic interactions between the cluster and the protein (e.g., through varying the ionic strength of the solution), thereby paving the way toward biomaterials with tunable assembly and disassembly properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Lentink
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jieh-Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Mhamad Aly Moussawi
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jenna Bustos
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven, Dentistry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Salazar Marcano DE, Savić ND, Declerck K, Abdelhameed SAM, Parac-Vogt TN. Reactivity of metal-oxo clusters towards biomolecules: from discrete polyoxometalates to metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:84-136. [PMID: 38015569 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxo clusters hold great potential in several fields such as catalysis, materials science, energy storage, medicine, and biotechnology. These nanoclusters of transition metals with oxygen-based ligands have also shown promising reactivity towards several classes of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, sugars, and lipids. This reactivity can be leveraged to address some of the most pressing challenges we face today, from fighting various diseases, such as cancer and viral infections, to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. For instance, metal-oxo clusters and related materials have been shown to be effective catalysts for biomass conversion into renewable fuels and platform chemicals. Furthermore, their reactivity towards biomolecules has also attracted interest in the development of inorganic drugs and bioanalytical tools. Additionally, the structural versatility of metal-oxo clusters allows for the efficiency and selectivity of the biomolecular reactions they promote to be readily tuned, thereby providing a pathway towards reaction optimization. The properties of the catalyst can also be improved through incorporation into solid supports or by linking metal-oxo clusters together to form Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which have been demonstrated to be powerful heterogeneous catalysts. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state of the art on biomolecular transformations promoted by metal-oxo clusters and their applications, with a particular focus on structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kilian Declerck
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Simms C, Mullaliu A, de de Azambuja F, Aquilanti G, Parac-Vogt TN. Green, Safe, and Reliable Synthesis of Bimetallic MOF-808 Nanozymes With Enhanced Aqueous Stability and Reactivity for Biological Applications. Small 2023:e2307236. [PMID: 37974471 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising nanomaterials whose reactivity towards biomolecules remains challenging due to issues related to synthesis, stability, control over metal oxidation state, phase purity, and atomic level characterization. Here, these shortcomings are rationally addressed through development of a synthesis of mixed metal Zr/Ce-MOFs in aqueous environment, overcoming significant hurdles in the development of MOF nanozymes, sufficiently stable on biologically relevant conditions. Specifically, a green and safe synthesis of Zr/Ce-MOF-808 is reported in water/acetic acid mixture which affords remarkably water-stable materials with reliable nanozymatic reactivity, including MOFs with a high Ce content previously reported to be unstable in water. The new materials outperform analogous bimetallic MOF nanozymes, showcasing that rational synthesis modifications could impart outstanding improvements. Further, atomic-level characterization by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed superior nanozymes arise from differences in the synthetic method, which results in aqueous stable materials, and Ce incorporation, which perturbs the ligand exchange dynamics of the material, and could ultimately be used to fine tune the intrinsic MOF reactivity. Similar rational strategies which leverage metals in a synergistic manner should enable other water-stable bimetallic MOF nanozymes able to surpass existing ones, laying the path for varied biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Angelo Mullaliu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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8
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Lentink S, Salazar Marcano DE, Moussawi MA, Vandebroek L, Van Meervelt L, Parac-Vogt TN. Fine-tuning non-covalent interactions between hybrid metal-oxo clusters and proteins. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:21-38. [PMID: 37102318 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the protein Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) and three different hybrid Anderson-Evans polyoxometalate clusters - AE-NH2 (δ-[MnMo6O18{(OCH2)3CNH2}2]3-), AE-CH3 (δ-[MnMo6O18{(OCH2)3CCH3}2]3-) and AE-Biot (δ-[MnMo6O18{(OCH2)3CNHCOC9H15N2OS}2]3-) - were studied via tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Quenching of tryptophan fluorescence was observed in the presence of all three hybrid polyoxometalate clusters (HPOMs), but the extent of quenching and the binding affinity were greatly dependent on the nature of the organic groups attached to the cluster. Control experiments further revealed the synergistic effect of the anionic polyoxometalate core and organic ligands towards enhanced protein interactions. Furthermore, the protein was co-crystallised with each of the three HPOMs, resulting in four different crystal structures, thus allowing for the binding modes of HPOM-protein interactions to be investigated with near-atomic precision. All crystal structures displayed a unique mode of binding of the HPOMs to the protein, with both functionalisation and the pH of the crystallisation conditions influencing the interactions. From the crystal structures, it was determined that HPOM-protein non-covalent complexes formed through a combination of electrostatic attraction between the polyoxometalate cluster and positively charged surface regions of HEWL, and direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds with both the metal-oxo inorganic core and the functional groups of the ligand, where possible. Hence, functionalisation of metal-oxo clusters shows great potential in tuning their interactions with proteins, which is of interest for several biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lentink
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | | | - Mhamad Aly Moussawi
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Laurens Vandebroek
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
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Beweries T, Buchmeiser MR, Champness NR, Costas M, Duhme-Klair A, Echeverría J, Eisenstein O, Ferguson CTJ, Goodall JC, Gramage-Doria R, Gyton M, Ham R, Herres-Pawlis S, Johnson CL, Kennepohl P, Lewandowski B, Linnebank PR, Macgregor SA, Mahmudov KT, Meeus E, Navarro M, Ntola P, Parac-Vogt TN, Perutz RN, Poater A, Powers DC, Pullen S, Raithby PR, Reek JNH, Ward TR, Weller AS, Wennemers H. Manipulate - techniques to manipulate the surroundings of a synthetic catalyst to control activity and selectivity: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:96-118. [PMID: 37436131 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd90013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
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Beweries T, Buchmeiser MR, Bugden FE, Champness NR, Chanbasha B, Costas M, Echeverria J, Eisenstein O, Ferguson C, Goodall JC, Gramage-Doria R, Greenhalgh M, Gyton M, Ham R, Kennepohl P, Lewandowski B, Liu WC, Macgregor SA, Mahmudov KT, Meeus E, Morris J, Ntola P, Parac-Vogt TN, Perutz RN, Poater A, Powers D, Raithby PR, Reek JNH, Riddell I, Ward TR, Weller AS, Wennemers H. Make - underpinning concepts of the synthesis of systems where non-covalent interactions are important: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:434-454. [PMID: 37486614 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd90012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
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Stojanović M, Lalatović J, Milosavljević A, Savić N, Simms C, Radosavljević B, Ćetković M, Kravić Stevović T, Mrda D, Čolović MB, Parac-Vogt TN, Krstić D. In vivo toxicity evaluation of a polyoxotungstate nanocluster as a promising contrast agent for computed tomography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9140. [PMID: 37277558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate for the first time, that a discrete metal-oxo cluster α-/β-K6P2W18O62 (WD-POM) exhibits superior performance as a computed tomography (CT) contrast agent, in comparison to the standard contrast agent iohexol. A toxicity evaluation of WD-POM was performed according to standard toxicological protocols using Wistar albino rats. The maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of 2000 mg/kg was initially determined after oral WD-POM application. The acute intravenous toxicity of single WD-POM doses (1/3, 1/5, and 1/10 MTD), which are at least fifty times higher than the typically used dose (0.015 mmol W kg-1) of tungsten-based contrast agents, was evaluated for 14 days. The results of arterial blood gas analysis, CO-oximetry status, electrolyte and lactate levels for 1/10 MTD group (80% survival rate) indicated the mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The highest deposition of WD-POM (0.6 ppm tungsten) was found in the kidney, followed by liver (0.15 ppm tungsten), for which the histological analysis revealed morphological irregularities, although the renal function parameters (creatinine and BUN levels) were within the physiological range. This study is the first and important step in evaluating side effects of polyoxometalate nanoclusters, which in recent years have shown a large potential as therapeutics and contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Lalatović
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Milosavljević
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Branimir Radosavljević
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mila Ćetković
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravić Stevović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Davor Mrda
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Danijela Krstić
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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12
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Salazar Marcano DE, Kalandia G, Moussawi MA, Van Hecke K, Parac-Vogt TN. Rational synthesis of elusive organic-inorganic hybrid metal-oxo clusters: formation and post-functionalization of hexavanadates. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5405-5414. [PMID: 37234890 PMCID: PMC10207889 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Paving the way towards new functional materials relies increasingly on the challenging task of forming organic-inorganic hybrid compounds. In that regard, discrete atomically-precise metal-oxo nanoclusters have received increasing attention due to the wide range of organic moieties that can be grafted onto them through functionalization reactions. The Lindqvist hexavanadate family of clusters, such as [V6O13{(OCH2)3C-R}2]2- (V6-R), is particularly interesting due to the magnetic, redox, and catalytic properties of these clusters. However, compared to other metal-oxo cluster types, V6-R clusters have been less extensively explored, which is mainly due to poorly understood synthetic challenges and the limited number of viable post-functionalization strategies. In this work, we present an in-depth investigation of the factors that influence the formation of hybrid hexavanadates (V6-R HPOMs) and leverage this knowledge to develop [V6O13{(OCH2)3CNHCOCH2Cl}2]2- (V6-Cl) as a new and tunable platform for the facile formation of discrete hybrid structures based on metal-oxo clusters in relatively high yields. Moreover, we showcase the versatility of the V6-Cl platform through its post-functionalization via nucleophilic substitution with various carboxylic acids of differing complexity and with functionalities that are relevant in multiple disciplines, such as supramolecular chemistry and biochemistry. Hence, V6-Cl was shown to be a straightforward and versatile starting point for the formation of functional supramolecular structures or other hybrid materials, thereby enabling their exploration in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Givi Kalandia
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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13
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Parac-Vogt TN, Lentink S, Marcano DES, Moussawi MA. Exploiting Interactions between Polyoxometalates and Proteins for Applications in (Bio)chemistry and Medicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202303817. [PMID: 37098776 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The specific interactions of anionic metal-oxo clusters, known as polyoxometalates (POMs) with proteins can be leveraged for a wide range of analytical and biomedical applications. For example, POMs have been developed as selective catalysts for protein modifications and have also been shown to facilitate protein crystallisation and their structural determination. POMs can also be used for the selective separation of proteins and have exhibited promising therapeutic activity due to effective inhibition of enzymes. Hence, understanding POM-protein interactions is essential for the development of POM-based materials and their implementation in several fields. Therefore, in this review we summarize in detail the key insights that have been gained so far on POM-protein interactions. Emphasis is also given to hybrid POMs functionalized with organic ligands to prompt further research in this direction due to the promising recent results on tuning POM-protein interactions through POM functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Molecular Design and Synthesis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Sarah Lentink
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Chemistry, BELGIUM
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14
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Salazar Marcano D, Savić ND, Abdelhameed SAM, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Exploring the Reactivity of Polyoxometalates toward Proteins: From Interactions to Mechanistic Insights. JACS Au 2023; 3:978-990. [PMID: 37124292 PMCID: PMC10131212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the study of the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins showcase how fundamental insights obtained so far open new opportunities in biotechnology and medicine. In this Perspective, these studies are discussed through the lens of the reactivity of a family of soluble anionic metal-oxo nanoclusters known as polyoxometalates (POMs). POMs act as catalysts in a wide range of reactions with several different types of biomolecules and have promising therapeutic applications due to their antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms behind biochemically relevant reactions-particularly with complex biological systems such as proteins-still hinders further developments. Hence, in this Perspective, special attention is given to reactions of POMs with peptides and proteins showcasing a molecular-level understanding of the reaction mechanism. In doing so, we aim to highlight both existing limitations and promising directions of future research on the reactivity of metal-oxo clusters toward proteins and beyond.
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15
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Abdelhameed SAM, de Azambuja F, Vasović T, Savić ND, Ćirković Veličković T, Parac-Vogt TN. Regioselective protein oxidative cleavage enabled by enzyme-like recognition of an inorganic metal oxo cluster ligand. Nat Commun 2023; 14:486. [PMID: 36717594 PMCID: PMC9887005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modifications of proteins are key to many applications in biotechnology. Metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions efficiently oxidize proteins but with low selectivity, and are highly dependent on the protein surface residues to direct the reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that discrete inorganic ligands such as polyoxometalates enable an efficient and selective protein oxidative cleavage. In the presence of ascorbate (1 mM), the Cu-substituted polyoxometalate K8[Cu2+(H2O)(α2-P2W17O61)], (CuIIWD, 0.05 mM) selectively cleave hen egg white lysozyme under physiological conditions (pH =7.5, 37 °C) producing only four bands in the gel electropherogram (12.7, 11, 10, and 5 kDa). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis reveals a regioselective cleavage in the vicinity of crystallographic CuIIWD/lysozyme interaction sites. Mechanistically, polyoxometalate is critical to position the Cu at the protein surface and limit the generation of oxidative species to the proximity of binding sites. Ultimately, this study outlines the potential of discrete, designable metal oxo clusters as catalysts for the selective modification of proteins through radical mechanisms under non-denaturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamara Vasović
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences & Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada D Savić
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tanja Ćirković Veličković
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences & Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.,Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea.,Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Simms C, Savić N, De Winter K, Parac-Vogt TN. Understanding the role of surfactants in the interaction and hydrolysis of myoglobin by Zr‐MOF‐808. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada Savić
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Chemistry BELGIUM
| | | | - Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry Molecular Design and Synthesis Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven BELGIUM
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17
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Abstract
A discrete dodecanuclear Zr oxo cluster catalyzed the direct formation of amide bonds without the need of water scavenging or dry reactions conditions showcasing the potential of these molecular clusters to become a new class of efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Salazar Marcano DE, Moussawi MA, Anyushin AV, Lentink S, Van Meervelt L, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Parac-Vogt TN. Versatile Post-functionalisation Strategy for the Formation of Modular Organic-Inorganic Polyoxometalate Hybrids. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2891-2899. [PMID: 35382468 PMCID: PMC8905796 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid structures incorporating different organic and inorganic constituents are emerging as a very promising class of materials since they synergistically combine the complementary and diverse properties of the individual components. Hybrid materials based on polyoxometalate clusters (POMs) are particularly interesting due to their versatile catalytic, redox, electronic, and magnetic properties, yet the controlled incorporation of different clusters into a hybrid structure is challenging and has been scarcely reported. Herein we propose a novel and general strategy for combining multiple types of metal-oxo clusters in a single hybrid molecule. Two novel hybrid POM structures (HPOMs) bis-functionalised with dipentaerythritol (R–POM1–R; R = (OCH2)3CCH2OCH2C(CH2OH)) were synthesised as building-blocks for the formation of heterometallic hybrid triads (POM2–R–POM1–R–POM2). Such a modular approach resulted in the formation of four novel heterometallic hybrids combing the Lindqvist {V6}, Anderson–Evans {XMo6} (X = Cr or Al) and trisubstituted Wells–Dawson {P2V3W15} POM structures. Their formation was confirmed by multinuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as Mass Spectrometry, Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) and elemental analysis. The thermal stability of the hybrids was also examined by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), which showed that the HPOM triads exhibit higher thermal stability than comparable hybrid structures containing only one type of POM. The one-pot synthesis of these novel compounds was achieved in high yields in aqueous and organic media under simple reflux conditions, without the need of any additives, and could be translated to create other hybrid materials based on a variety of metal-oxo cluster building-blocks. A versatile modular approach has been developed for incorporating different metal-oxo nanoclusters with characteristic structures into a single hybrid molecule by covalently linking them with polyol ligands.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Salazar Marcano
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, KU Leuven Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Mhamad Aly Moussawi
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, KU Leuven Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Alexander V Anyushin
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, KU Leuven Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Sarah Lentink
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, KU Leuven Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, KU Leuven Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, KU Leuven Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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19
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Simms C, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of MOF-808 Towards Peptide Bond Hydrolysis through Synthetic Modulations. Chemistry 2021; 27:17230-17239. [PMID: 34761450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The performance of MOFs in catalysis is largely derived from structural features, and much work has focused on introducing structural changes such as defects or ligand functionalisation to boost the reactivity of the MOF. However, the effects of different parameters chosen for the synthesis on the catalytic reactivity of the resulting MOF remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the role of metal precursor on the reactivity of Zr-based MOF-808 towards hydrolysis of the peptide bond in the glycylglycine model substrate. In addition, the effect of synthesis temperature and duration has been investigated. Surprisingly, the metal precursor was found to have a large influence on the reactivity of the MOF, surpassing the effect of particle size or number of defects. Additionally, we show that by careful selection of the Zr-salt precursor and temperature used in MOF syntheses, equally active MOF catalysts could be obtained after a 20 minute synthesis compared to 24 h synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Savić ND, Salazar Marcano DE, Parac-Vogt TN. Expanding the Scope of Polyoxometalates as Artificial Proteases towards Hydrolysis of Insoluble Proteins. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104224. [PMID: 34860460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the enormous importance of insoluble proteins in biological processes, their structural investigation remains a challenging task. The development of artificial enzyme-like catalysts would greatly facilitate the elucidation of their structure since currently used enzymes in proteomics largely lose activity in the presence of surfactants, which are necessary to solubilize insoluble proteins. In this study, the hydrolysis of a fully insoluble protein by polyoxometalate complexes as artificial proteases in surfactant solutions is reported for the first time. The hydrolysis of zein as a model protein was investigated in the presence of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs), (Et2 NH2 )10 [M(α-PW11 O39 )2 ] (M = Zr or Hf), and different concentrations of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Selective hydrolysis of the protein upon incubation with the catalyst was observed, and the results indicate that the hydrolytic selectivity and activity of the POM catalysts strongly depends on the concentration of surfactant. The molecular interactions between the POM catalyst and zein in the presence of SDS were explored using a combination of spectroscopic techniques which indicated competitive binding between POM and SDS towards the protein. Furthermore, the formation of micellar superstructures in ternary POM/surfactant/protein solutions has been confirmed by conductivity and Dynamic Light Scattering measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Abdelhameed SAM, Ly HGT, Moons J, de Azambuja F, Proost P, Parac-Vogt TN. Expanding the reactivity of inorganic clusters towards proteins: the interplay between the redox and hydrolytic activity of Ce(iv)-substituted polyoxometalates as artificial proteases. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10655-10663. [PMID: 34447559 PMCID: PMC8356750 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of soluble metal-oxo clusters to specifically interact with protein surfaces makes them attractive as potential inorganic drugs and as artificial enzymes. In particular, metal-substituted polyoxometalates (MS-POMs) are remarkably selective in hydrolyzing a range of different proteins. However, the influence of MS-POMs' redox chemistry on their proteolytic activity remains virtually unexplored. Herein we report a highly site-selective hydrolysis of hemoglobin (Hb), a large tetrameric globular protein, by a Ce(iv)-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (CeIVK), and evaluate the effect of CeIVK's redox chemistry on its reactivity and selectivity as an artificial protease. At pH 5.0, incubation of Hb with CeIVK resulted in strictly selective protein hydrolysis at six Asp-X bonds, two of which were located in the α-chain (α(Asp75-Leu76) and α(Asp94-Pro95)) and five at the β-chain (β(Asp51-Ala52), β(Asp68-Ser69), β(Asp78-Asp79), β(Asp98-Pro99) and β(Asp128-Phe129)). However, increasing the pH of the reaction mixture to 7.4 decreased the CeIVK hydrolytic reactivity towards Hb, resulting in the cleavage of only one peptide bond (β(Asp128-Phe129)). Combination of UV-Vis, circular dichroism and Trp fluorescence spectroscopy indicated similar interactions between Hb and CeIVK at both pH conditions; however, 31P NMR spectroscopy showed faster reduction of CeIVK into the hydrolytically inactive CeIIIK form in the presence of protein at pH 7.4. In agreement with these results, careful mapping of all hydrolyzed Asp-X bonds on the protein structure revealed that the lower reactivity toward the α-chain was consistent with the presence of more redox-active amino acids (Tyr and His) in this subunit in comparison with the β-chain. This points towards a link between the presence of the redox-active sites on the protein surface and efficiency and selectivity of redox-active MS-POMs as artificial proteases. More importantly, the study provides a way to tune the redox and hydrolytic reactivity of MS-POMs towards proteins through adjustment of reaction parameters like temperature and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Giang T Ly
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University Can Tho Vietnam
| | - Jens Moons
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
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22
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Moons J, Loosen A, Simms C, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Heterogeneous nanozymatic activity of Hf oxo-clusters embedded in a metal-organic framework towards peptide bond hydrolysis. Nanoscale 2021; 13:12298-12305. [PMID: 34254101 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials with enzyme-like activities and proteolytic potential are emerging as a robust and effective alternative to natural enzymes. Herein, a Hf6O8-based NU-1000 metal organic framework (Hf-MOF) is shown to act as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds under mild conditions. In the presence of Hf-MOF, a glycylglycine model dipeptide was hydrolysed with a rate constant of kobs = 8.33 × 10-7 s-1 (half-life (t1/2) of 231 h) at 60 °C and pD 7.4, which is significantly faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. Other Gly-X peptides (X = Ser, Asp, Ile, Ala, and His) were also smoothly hydrolysed under the same conditions with similar rates, except for the faster reactions observed for Gly-His and Gly-Ser. Moreover, the Hf6O8-based NU-1000 MOF also exhibits a high selectivity in the cleavage of a protein substrate, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Our results suggest that embedding Hf6O8 oxo-clusters is an efficient strategy to conserve the hydrolytic activity while smoothing the strong substrate adsorption previously observed for a discrete Hf oxo-cluster that hindered further development of its proteolytic potential. Furthermore, comparison with isostructural Zr-NU-1000 shows that although the Hf variant afforded the same cleavage pattern towards HEWL but slightly slower reaction rates, it exhibited a larger stability window and a better recyclability profile. The results suggest that these differences originate from the intrinsic differences between HfIV and ZrIV centers, and from the lower surface area of Hf-NU-1000 in comparison to Zr-NU-1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Abstract
Understanding the stability and speciation of metal-oxo clusters in solution is essential for many of their applications in different areas. In particular, hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates (HPOMs) have been attracting increasing attention as they combine the complementary properties of organic ligands and metal-oxygen nanoclusters. Nevertheless, the speciation and solution behavior of HPOMs have been scarcely investigated. Hence, in this work, a series of HPOMs based on the archetypical Anderson-Evans structure, δ-[MnMo6O18{(OCH2)3C-R}2]3-, with different functional groups (R = -NH2, -CH3, -NHCOCH2Cl, -N═CH(2-C5H4N) {pyridine; -Pyr}, and -NHCOC9H15N2OS {biotin; -Biot}) and countercations (tetrabutylammonium {TBA}, Li, Na, and K) were synthesized, and their solution behavior was studied in detail. In aqueous solutions, decomposition of HPOMs into the free organic ligand, [MoO4]2-, and free Mn3+ was observed over time and was shown to be highly dependent on the pH, temperature, and nature of the ligand functional group but largely independent of ionic strength or the nature of the countercation. Furthermore, hydrolysis of the amide and imine bonds often present in postfunctionalized HPOMs was also observed. Hence, HPOMs were shown to exhibit highly dynamic behavior in solution, which needs to be carefully considered when designing HPOMs, particularly for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Lentink
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mhamad A Moussawi
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Zhang Y, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. The forgotten chemistry of group(IV) metals: A survey on the synthesis, structure, and properties of discrete Zr(IV), Hf(IV), and Ti(IV) oxo clusters. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Mylemans B, Killian T, Vandebroek L, Van Meervelt L, Tame JRH, Parac-Vogt TN, Voet ARD. Crystal structures of Scone: pseudosymmetric folding of a symmetric designer protein. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:933-942. [PMID: 34196619 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321005787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in the development of computational proteins, including symmetric ones. A ninefold-symmetric β-propeller protein named Cake has recently been developed. Here, attempts were made to further engineer this protein into a threefold-symmetric nine-bladed propeller using computational design. Two nine-bladed propeller proteins were designed, named Scone-E and Scone-R. Crystallography, however, revealed the structure of both designs to adopt an eightfold conformation with distorted termini, leading to a pseudo-symmetric protein. One of the proteins could only be crystallized upon the addition of a polyoxometalate, highlighting the usefulness of these molecules as crystallization additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mylemans
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - T Killian
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - L Vandebroek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - L Van Meervelt
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - J R H Tame
- Protein Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - T N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - A R D Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
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26
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de Azambuja F, Loosen A, Conic D, van den Besselaar M, Harvey JN, Parac-Vogt TN. En Route to a Heterogeneous Catalytic Direct Peptide Bond Formation by Zr-Based Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Loosen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dragan Conic
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
The selective cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins is of paramount importance in many areas of the biological and medical sciences, playing a key role in protein structure/function/folding analysis, protein engineering, and targeted proteolytic drug design. Current applications that depend on selective protein hydrolysis largely rely on costly proteases such as trypsin, which are sensitive to the pH, ionic strength, and temperature conditions. Moreover, >95% of peptides deposited in databases are generated from trypsin digests, restricting the information within the analyzed proteomes. On the other hand, harsh and toxic chemical reagents such as BrCN are very active but cause permanent modifications of certain amino acid residues. Consequently, transition-metal complexes have emerged as smooth and selective artificial proteases owing to their ability to provide larger fragments and complementary structural information. In the past decade, our group has discovered the unique protease activity of diverse metal-oxo clusters (MOC) and pioneered a distinctive approach to the development of selective artificial proteases. In contrast to classical coordination complexes which often depend on amino acid side chains to control the regioselectivity, the selectivity profile of MOCs is determined by a complex combination of structural factors, such as the protein surface charge, metal coordination to specific side chains, and hydrogen bonding between the protein surface and the MOC scaffold.In this Account, we present a critical overview of our detailed kinetic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic studies in MOC-assisted peptide bond hydrolysis, from its origins to the current rational and detailed mechanistic understanding. To this end, reactivity trends related to the structure and properties of MOCs based on the hydrolysis of small model peptides and key structural aspects governing the selectivity of protein hydrolysis are presented. Finally, our endeavors in seeking the next generation of heterogeneous MOC-based proteases are briefly discussed by embedding MOCs in metal-organic frameworks or using them as discrete nanoclusters in the development of artificial protease-like materials (i.e., nanozymes). The deep and comprehensive understanding sought experimentally and theoretically over the years in aqueous systems with intrinsic polar and charged substrates provides a unique view of the reactivity between inorganic moieties and biomolecules, thereby broadly impacting several different fields (e.g., catalysis in biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zamora A, Moris M, Silva R, Deschaume O, Bartic C, Parac-Vogt TN, Verbiest T. Visualization and characterization of metallo-aggregates using multi-photon microscopy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:657-661. [PMID: 35423665 PMCID: PMC8693374 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and cost-effective method based on multi-photon microscopy is presented for the preliminary screening of the general morphology, size range and heterogeneity of Ir(iii) nano-aggregate formulations. Multi-photon microscopy can be an excellent complementary technique for the characterization of nano-aggregates containing metallic photosensitizers with multi-photon emission properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamora
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- KU Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Rui Silva
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- KU Leuven
- Belgium
- Engineering Faculty of Oporto University
- Portugal (FEUP)
| | | | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics
- KU Leuven
- Belgium
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de Azambuja F, Lenie J, Parac-Vogt TN. Homogeneous Metal Catalysts with Inorganic Ligands: Probing Ligand Effects in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Direct Amide Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jille Lenie
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Conic D, Pierloot K, Parac-Vogt TN, Harvey JN. Mechanism of the highly effective peptide bond hydrolysis by MOF-808 catalyst under biologically relevant conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25136-25145. [PMID: 33118561 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and selective hydrolysis of inert peptide bonds is of paramount importance. MOF-808, a metal-organic framework based on Zr6 nodes, can hydrolyze peptide bonds efficiently under biologically relevant conditions. However, the details of the catalyst structure and of the underlying catalytic reaction mechanism are challenging to establish. By means of DFT calculations we first investigate the speciation of the Zr6 nodes and identify the nature of ligands that bind to the Zr6O8H4-x core in aqueous conditions. The core is predicted to strongly prefer a Zr6O8H4 protonation state and to be predominantly decorated by bridging formate ligands, giving Zr6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4(BTC)2(HCOO)6 and Zr6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4(BTC)2(HCOO)5(OH)(H2O) as the most favorable structures at physiological pH. The GlyGly peptide can bind MOF in several different ways, with the preferred structure involving coordination through the terminal carboxylate analogously to the binding mode of formate ligand. The pre-reactive binding mode in which the amide carbonyl oxygen coordinates the metal core lies 7 kcal higher in free energy. The preferred reaction pathway is predicted to have two close-lying transition states, either of which could be the rate-determining step: nucleophilic attack on the amide carbon atom and C-N bond breaking, with calculated relative free energies of 31 and 32 kcal mol-1, respectively. Replacement of formate by water and hydroxide at the Zr6 node is predicted to be possible, but does not appear to play a role in the hydrolysis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Conic
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Quanten T, Savić ND, Parac-Vogt TN. Hydrolysis of Peptide Bonds in Protein Micelles Promoted by a Zirconium(IV)-Substituted Polyoxometalate as an Artificial Protease. Chemistry 2020; 26:11170-11179. [PMID: 32515831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial proteases is challenging, but important for many applications in modern proteomics and biotechnology. The hydrolysis of hydrophobic or unstructured proteins is particularly difficult due to their poor solubility, which often requires the presence of surfactants. Herein, it is shown that a zirconium(IV)-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (POM), (Et2 NH2 )10 [Zr(α-PW11 O39 )2 ] (1), is able to selectively hydrolyze β-casein, which is an intrinsically unstructured protein at pH 7.4 and 60 °C. Four surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (ZW3-12), 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), and polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether (TX-100)), which differ in the nature of their polar groups, were investigated for their role in influencing the selectivity and efficiency of protein hydrolysis. Under experimental conditions, β-casein forms micellar structures in which the hydrophilic part of the protein is water accessible and able to interact with 1. Identical fragmentation patterns of β-casein in the presence of 1 were observed through SDS poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis both in the presence and absence of surfactants, but the rate of hydrolysis varied, depending on the nature of surfactant. Whereas TX-100 surfactant, which has a neutral polar head, caused only a slight decrease in the hydrolysis rate, stronger inhibition was observed in the presence surfactants with charges in their polar heads (CHAPS, ZW3-12, SDS). These results were consistent with those of tryptophan fluorescencequenching studies, which showed that the binding between β-casein and 1 decreased with increasing repulsion between the POM and the polar heads of the surfactants. In all cases, the micellar structure of β-casein was not significantly affected by the presence of POM or surfactants, as indicated by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quanten
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Van Rompuy LS, Savić ND, Rodriguez A, Parac-Vogt TN. Selective Hydrolysis of Transferrin Promoted by Zr-Substituted Polyoxometalates. Molecules 2020; 25:E3472. [PMID: 32751602 PMCID: PMC7435656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of the iron-binding blood plasma glycoprotein transferrin (Tf) has been examined at pH = 7.4 in the presence of a series of Zr-substituted polyoxometalates (Zr-POMs) including Keggin (Et2NH2)10[Zr(PW11O39)2]∙7H2O (Zr-K 1:2), (Et2NH2)8[{α-PW11O39Zr-(μ-OH) (H2O)}2]∙7H2O (Zr-K 2:2), Wells-Dawson K15H[Zr(α2-P2W17O61)2]·25H2O (Zr-WD 1:2), Na14[Zr4(α-P2W16O59)2(μ3-O)2(μ-OH)2(H2O)4]·57H2O (Zr-WD 4:2) and Lindqvist (Me4N)2[ZrW5O18(H2O)3] (Zr-L 1:1), (nBu4N)6[(ZrW5O18(μ-OH))2]∙2H2O (Zr-L 2:2)) type POMs. Incubation of transferrin with Zr-POMs resulted in formation of 13 polypeptide fragments that were observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), but the hydrolysis efficiency varied depending on the nature of Zr-POMs. Molecular interactions between Zr-POMs and transferrin were investigated by using a range of complementary techniques such as tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), 31P-NMR spectroscopy, in order to gain better understanding of different efficiency of investigated Zr-POMs. A tryptophan fluorescence quenching study revealed that the most reactive Zr-WD species show the strongest interaction toward transferrin. The CD results demonstrated that interaction of Zr-POMs and transferrin in buffer solution result in significant secondary structure changes. The speciation of Zr-POMs has been followed by 31P-NMR spectroscopy in the presence and absence of transferrin, providing insight into stability of the catalysts under reaction condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (L.S.V.R.); (N.D.S.); (A.R.)
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Anyushin AV, Vanhaecht S, Parac-Vogt TN. A Bis-organosilyl-Functionalized Wells-Dawson Polyoxometalate as a Platform for Facile Amine Postfunctionalization. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10146-10152. [PMID: 32628015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of modular platforms that can undergo postfunctionalization reactions permits coupling of inorganic clusters with different organic functionalities, thereby expanding the range of key physicochemical properties that are relevant for applications in different areas of science. In this work, a novel hybrid Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate (POM) platform was developed and successfully used for postfunctionalization via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Two new halogen-functionalized bis-organosilyl Wells-Dawson POMs TBA6[α2-P2W17O61{O(SiC3H6-X)2}] (X = Cl or I) were synthesized, and their coupling with amine substrates was explored in a one-step postfunctionalization reaction. The iodide form of the POM has proven to be much more reactive, and its reaction with a range of primary and secondary amines resulted in a series of new bis-substituted Wells-Dawson POMs with the general formula TBA6[α2-P2W17O61{O(SiC3H6-NR1R2)2}]. Coupling of 18 amines with R1 and R2 groups, which exhibited a wide variety in terms of both chemical nature and bulkiness, was achieved under mild conditions via a catalyst-free approach. Using Na2CO3 as a base in acetonitrile solutions at 55 °C resulted in hybrid products that were obtained in high purity and good yields, after a simple isolation and purification procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stef Vanhaecht
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Abdelhameed SAM, Vandebroek L, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. Redox Activity of Ce(IV)-Substituted Polyoxometalates toward Amino Acids and Peptides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10569-10577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurens Vandebroek
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Bondžić AM, Lazarević-Pašti TD, Leskovac AR, Petrović SŽ, Čolović MB, Parac-Vogt TN, Janjić GV. A new acetylcholinesterase allosteric site responsible for binding voluminous negatively charged molecules - the role in the mechanism of AChE inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105376. [PMID: 32492460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are important in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Two inhibitors, 12-tungstosilicic acid (WSiA) and 12-tungstophosphoric acid (WPA), which have polyoxometalate (POM) type structure, have been shown to inhibit AChE activity in nM concentration. Circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that the AChE inhibition was not accompanied by significant changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme. The molecular docking approach has revealed a new allosteric binding site, termed β-allosteric site (β-AS), which is considered responsible for the inhibition of AChE by POMs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a new allosteric site that is considered responsible for AChE inhibition by voluminous and negatively charged molecules such as POMs. The selected POMs were further subjected to genotoxicity testing using human peripheral blood cells as a model system. It was shown that WSiA and WPA induced a mild cytostatic but not genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes, which indicates their potential to be used as medicinal drugs. The identification of non-toxic compounds capable of binding to an allosteric site that so far has not been considered responsible for enzyme inhibition could be fundamental for the development of new drug design strategies and the discovery of more efficient AChE modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Bondžić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara D Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreja R Leskovac
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Ž Petrović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Goran V Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia.
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36
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Loosen A, de Azambuja F, Smolders S, Moons J, Simms C, De Vos D, Parac-Vogt TN. Interplay between structural parameters and reactivity of Zr 6-based MOFs as artificial proteases. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6662-6669. [PMID: 34094124 PMCID: PMC8159359 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural parameters influencing the reactivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are challenging to establish. However, understanding their effect is crucial to further develop their catalytic potential. Here, we uncovered a correlation between reaction kinetics and the morphological structure of MOF-nanozymes using the hydrolysis of a dipeptide under physiological pH as model reaction. Comparison of the activation parameters in the presence of NU-1000 with those observed with MOF-808 revealed the reaction outcome is largely governed by the Zr6 cluster. Additionally, its structural environment completely changes the energy profile of the hydrolysis step, resulting in a higher energy barrier ΔG ‡ for NU-1000 due to a much larger ΔS ‡ term. The reactivity of NU-1000 towards a hen egg white lysozyme protein under physiological pH was also evaluated, and the results pointed to a selective cleavage at only 3 peptide bonds. This showcases the potential of Zr-MOFs to be developed into heterogeneous catalysts for non-enzymatic but selective transformation of biomolecules, which are crucial for many modern applications in biotechnology and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loosen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Simon Smolders
- Department Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | - Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | - Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Department Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Belgium
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Moons J, de Azambuja F, Mihailovic J, Kozma K, Smiljanic K, Amiri M, Cirkovic Velickovic T, Nyman M, Parac-Vogt TN. Discrete Hf 18 Metal-oxo Cluster as a Heterogeneous Nanozyme for Site-Specific Proteolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9094-9101. [PMID: 32154631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selective hydrolysis of proteins by non-enzymatic catalysis is difficult to achieve, yet it is crucial for applications in biotechnology and proteomics. Herein, we report that discrete hafnium metal-oxo cluster [Hf18 O10 (OH)26 (SO4 )13 ⋅(H2 O)33 ] (Hf18 ), which is centred by the same hexamer motif found in many MOFs, acts as a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient hydrolysis of horse heart myoglobin (HHM) in low buffer concentrations. Among 154 amino acids present in the sequence of HHM, strictly selective cleavage at only 6 solvent accessible aspartate residues was observed. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the hydrolytic activity is likely derived from the actuation of HfIV Lewis acidic sites and the Brønsted acidic surface of Hf18 . X-ray scattering and ESI-MS revealed that Hf18 is completely insoluble in these conditions, confirming the HHM hydrolysis is caused by a heterogeneous reaction of the solid Hf18 cluster, and not from smaller, soluble Hf species that could leach into solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jelena Mihailovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karoly Kozma
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Katarina Smiljanic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mehran Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
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de Bournonville S, Vangrunderbeeck S, Ly HGT, Geeroms C, De Borggraeve WM, Parac-Vogt TN, Kerckhofs G. Exploring polyoxometalates as non-destructive staining agents for contrast-enhanced microfocus computed tomography of biological tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:253-262. [PMID: 31996331 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To advance clinical translation of regenerative medicine, there is, amongst others, still need for better insights in tissue development and disease. For this purpose, more precise imaging of the 3D microstructure and spatial interrelationships of the different tissues within organs is crucial. Despite being destructive towards the sample, conventional histology still is the gold standard for structural analysis of biological tissues. It is, however, limited by 2D sections of a 3D object, prohibiting full 3D structural analysis. MicroCT has proven to provide full 3D structural information of mineralized tissues and dense biomaterials. However, the intrinsic low X-ray absorption of soft tissues requires contrast-enhancing staining agents (CESAs). In a previous study, we showed that hafnium-substituted Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate (Hf-WD POM) allows simultaneous contrast-enhanced microCT (CE-CT) visualization of bone and its marrow vascularization and adiposity. In this study, other POM species have been examined for their potential as soft tissue CESAs. Four Wells-Dawson POMs, differing in structure and overall charge, were used to stain murine long bones and kidneys. Their staining potential and diffusion rate were compared to those of Hf-WD POM and phosphotungstic acid (PTA), a frequently used but destructive CESA. Monolacunary Wells-Dawson POM (Mono-WD POM) showed similar soft tissue enhancement as Hf-WD POM and PTA. Moreover, Mono-WD POM is less destructive, shows a better diffusion than PTA, and its synthesis requires less time and cost than Hf-WD POM. Finally, the solubility of Mono-WD POM was improved by addition of lithium chloride (LiCl) to the staining solution, enhancing further the soft tissue contrast. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To advance clinical translation of regenerative medicine, there is, amongst others, still need for better insights in tissue development and disease. For this purpose, more precise imaging of the 3D microstructure and spatial interrelationships of the different tissues within organs is crucial. Current standard structural analysis techniques (e.g. 2D histomorphometry), however, do not allow full 3D assessment. Contrast-enhanced X-ray computed tomography has emerged as a powerful 3D structural characterization tool of soft biological tissues. In this study, from a library of Wells Dawson polyoxometalates (WD POMs), we identified monolacunary WD POM together with lithium chloride, dissolved in phosphate buffered saline, as the most suitable contrast-enhancing staining agent solution for different biological tissues without tissue shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien de Bournonville
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vangrunderbeeck
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hong Giang T Ly
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Carla Geeroms
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; IREC, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Woluwé-Saint-Lambert, Belgium; Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Biju S, Parac-Vogt TN. Recent Advances in Lanthanide Based Nano-Architectures as Probes for Ultra High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:352-361. [PMID: 29421997 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic Lanthanide ions incorporated into nano- architectures are emerging as a versatile platform for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their strong contrast enhancement effects combined with the platform capability to include multiple imaging modalities. This short review examines the application of lanthanide based nanoarchitectures (nanoparticles and nano- assemblies) in the development of multifunctional probes for single and multimodal imaging involving high field MRI as one imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvanose Biju
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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40
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Vandebroek L, Noguchi H, Kamata K, Tame JRH, Van Meervelt L, Parac-Vogt TN, Voet ARD. Hybrid assemblies of a symmetric designer protein and polyoxometalates with matching symmetry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11601-11604. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A symmetric designer protein forms hybrid complexes with different polyoxometalates and may serve as a building block for porous frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Vandebroek
- Laboratory for Bioinorganic Chemistry
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
- Biomolecular Architecture
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Kenichi Kamata
- Drug Design Laboratory
- Yokohama City University 1-7-29
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | | | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory for Bioinorganic Chemistry
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Arnout R. D. Voet
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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Anyushin AV, Kondinski A, Parac-Vogt TN. Hybrid polyoxometalates as post-functionalization platforms: from fundamentals to emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:382-432. [PMID: 31793568 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00854j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) represent an important group of metal-oxo nanoclusters, typically comprised of early transition metals in high oxidation states (mainly V, Mo and W). Many plenary POMs exhibit good pH, solvent, thermal and redox stability, which makes them attractive components for the design of covalently integrated hybrid organic-inorganic molecules, herein referred to as hybrid-POMs. Until now, thousands of organic hybrid-POMs have been reported; however, only a small fraction can be further functionalized using other organic molecules or metal cations. This emerging class of 'post-functionalizable' hybrid-POMs constitute a valuable modular platform that permits coupling of POM properties with different organic and metal cation functionalities, thereby expanding the key physicochemical properties that are relevant for application in (photo)catalysis, bioinorganic chemistry and materials science. The post-functionalizable hybrid-POM platforms offer an opportunity to covalently link multi-electron redox responsive POM cores with virtually any (bio)organic molecule or metal cation, generating a wide range of materials with tailored properties. Over the past few years, these materials have been showcased in the preparation of framework materials, functional surfaces, surfactants, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and light harvesting materials, among others. This review article provides an overview on the state of the art in POM post-functionalization and highlights the key design and structural features that permit the discovery of new hybrid-POM platforms. In doing so, we aim to make the subject more comprehensible, both for chemists and for scientists with different materials science backgrounds interested in the applications of hybrid (POM) materials. The review article goes beyond the realms of polyoxometalate chemistry and encompasses emerging research domains such as reticular materials, surfactants, surface functionalization, light harvesting materials, non-linear optics, charge storing materials, and homogeneous acid-base catalysis among others.
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Beekman KM, Zwaagstra M, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, van Essen HW, den Heijer M, Maas M, Kerckhofs G, Parac-Vogt TN, Bisschop PH, Bravenboer N. Ovariectomy increases RANKL protein expression in bone marrow adipocytes of C3H/HeJ mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1050-E1054. [PMID: 31526291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00142.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by increasing bone resorption, in part through upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). RANKL is secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes, but more recently bone marrow (pre)adipocytes have also been shown to express RANKL. Estrogen deficiency increases bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) on RANKL protein expression by bone marrow adipocytes in C3H/HeJ mice. Fourteen-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice (n = 20) were randomized to sham surgery (Sham) or OVX. After 4 wk animals were euthanized. BMAT volume fraction (BMAT volume/marrow volume) was quantified by polyoxometalate-based contrast-enhanced nano-computed tomography. The percentage of RANKL-positive bone marrow adipocytes (RANKL-positive bone marrow adipocytes/total adipocytes) and the percentage of RANKL-positive osteoblasts covering the bone surface (bone surface covered in RANKL-positive osteoblasts/total bone surface) were quantified in the distal metaphysis of immunohistochemically stained sections of the left femur. The effects of OVX were analyzed by Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test. RANKL was detected in osteoblasts, osteocytes, and bone marrow adipocytes. OVX significantly increased mean percentage of RANKL-positive bone marrow adipocytes [mean (SD): Sham 42 (18)%; OVX 64 (12)%; P = 0.029] as well as BMAT volume/marrow volume [median (interquartile range): Sham 1.4 (4.9)%; OVX 7.2 (7.3)%; P = 0.008] compared with Sham. We show that OVX increased both the percentage of RANKL-positive bone marrow adipocytes and the total BMAT volume fraction in C3H/HeJ mice. Therefore, RANKL produced by bone marrow adipocytes could be an important contributor to OVX-induced bone loss in C3H/HeJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa M Beekman
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Zwaagstra
- Research Laboratory Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegreet G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib W van Essen
- Research Laboratory Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Research Laboratory Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Roy S, Crans DC, Parac-Vogt TN. Editorial: Polyoxometalates in Catalysis, Biology, Energy and Materials Science. Front Chem 2019; 7:646. [PMID: 31632946 PMCID: PMC6779846 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Center, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, India.,College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Parac-Vogt TN, Erxleben A, Schenk G, Prabhakar R. Editorial: Advances in the Development of Artificial Metalloenzymes. Front Chem 2019; 7:599. [PMID: 31555639 PMCID: PMC6724440 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Rajeev Prabhakar
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De Clercq K, Persoons E, Napso T, Luyten C, Parac-Vogt TN, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Kerckhofs G, Vriens J. High-resolution contrast-enhanced microCT reveals the true three-dimensional morphology of the murine placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13927-13936. [PMID: 31249139 PMCID: PMC6683600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902688116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering of the mouse genome identified many genes that are essential for embryogenesis. Remarkably, the prevalence of concomitant placental defects in embryonic lethal mutants is highly underestimated and indicates the importance of detailed placental analysis when phenotyping new individual gene knockouts. Here we introduce high-resolution contrast-enhanced microfocus computed tomography (CE-CT) as a nondestructive, high-throughput technique to evaluate the 3D placental morphology. Using a contrast agent, zirconium-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (Zr-POM), the soft tissue of the placenta (i.e., different layers and cell types and its vasculature) was imaged with a resolution of 3.5 µm voxel size. This approach allowed us to visualize and study early and late stages of placental development. Moreover, CE-CT provides a method to precisely quantify placental parameters (i.e., volumes, volume fraction, ratio of different placental layers, and volumes of specific cell populations) that are crucial for statistical comparison studies. The CE-CT assessment of the 3D morphology of the placentas was validated (i) by comparison with standard histological studies; (ii) by evaluating placentas from 2 different mouse strains, 129S6 and C57BL/6J mice; and (iii) by confirming the placental phenotype of mice lacking phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-p110α. Finally, the Zr-POM-based CE-CT allowed for inspection of the vasculature structure in the entire placenta, as well as detecting placental defects in pathologies characterized by embryonic resorption and placental fusion. Taken together, Zr-POM-based CE-CT offers a quantitative 3D methodology to investigate placental development or pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien De Clercq
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Gynecology-Pediatrics and Urology Research Group (G-PURE), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Centre for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Persoons
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Gynecology-Pediatrics and Urology Research Group (G-PURE), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Centre for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Napso
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Luyten
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Gynecology-Pediatrics and Urology Research Group (G-PURE), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Gynecology-Pediatrics and Urology Research Group (G-PURE), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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Harris M, Laskaratou D, Elst LV, Mizuno H, Parac-Vogt TN. Amphiphilic Nanoaggregates with Bimodal MRI and Optical Properties Exhibiting Magnetic Field Dependent Switching from Positive to Negative Contrast Enhancement. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:5752-5761. [PMID: 30640430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mixed micelles based on amphiphilic gadolinium(III)-DOTA and europium(III)-DTPA complexes were synthesized and evaluated for their paramagnetic and optical properties as potential bimodal contrast agents. Amphiphilic folate molecule for targeting the folate receptor protein, which is commonly expressed on the surface of many human cancer cells, was used in the self-assembly process in order to create nanoaggregates with targeting properties. Both targeted and nontargeted nanoaggregates formed monodisperse micelles having distribution maxima of 10 nm. The micelles show characteristic europium(III) emission with quantum yields of 2% and 1.1% for the nontargeted and targeted micelles, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy using excitation at 405 nm and emission at 575-675 nm was employed to visualize the nanoaggregates in cultured HeLa cells. The uptake of folate-targeted and nontargeted micelles is already visible after 5 h of incubation and was characterized with the europium(III) emission, which is clearly observable in the cytoplasm of the cells. The very fast longitudinal relaxivity r1 of ca. 26 s-1 mM-1 per gadolinium(III) ion was observed for both micelles at 60 MHz and 310 K. Upon increasing the magnetic field to 300 MHz, the nanoaggregates exhibited a large switching to transversal relaxivity with r2 value of ca. 52 s-1 mM-1 at 310 K. Theoretical fitting of the 1H NMRD profiles indicate that the efficient T1 and T2 relaxations are sustained by the favorable magnetic and electron-configuration properties of the gadolinium(III) ion, rotational correlation time, and coordinated water molecule. These nanoaggregates could have versatile application as a positive contrast agent at the currently used magnetic imaging field strengths and a negative contrast agent in higher field applications, while at the same time offering the possibility for the loading of hydrophobic therapeutics or targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Danai Laskaratou
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Section, Laboratory of Biomolecular Network Dynamics , KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory , University of Mons , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Hideaki Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Section, Laboratory of Biomolecular Network Dynamics , KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
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Beekman KM, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, van der Veen A, den Heijer M, Maas M, Kerckhofs G, Parac-Vogt TN, Bisschop PH, Bravenboer N. The effect of PPARγ inhibition on bone marrow adipose tissue and bone in C3H/HeJ mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E96-E105. [PMID: 30457914 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases after menopause, and increased BMAT is associated with osteoporosis and prevalent vertebral fractures. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation promotes adipogenesis and inhibits osteoblastogenesis; therefore, PPARγ is a potential contributor to the postmenopausal increase in BMAT and decrease in bone mass. The aim of this study is to determine if PPARγ inhibition can prevent ovariectomy-induced BMAT increase and bone loss in C3H/HeJ mice. Fourteen-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice ( n = 40) were allocated to four intervention groups: sham surgery (Sham) or ovariectomy (OVX; isoflurane anesthesia) with either vehicle (Veh) or PPARγ antagonist administration (GW9662; 1 mg·kg-1·day-1, daily intraperitoneal injections) for 3 wk. We measured BMAT volume, adipocyte size, adipocyte number. and bone structural parameters in the proximal metaphysis of the tibia using polyoxometalate-based contrast enhanced-nanocomputed topogaphy. Bone turnover was measured in the contralateral tibia using histomorphometry. The effects of surgery and treatment were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. OVX increased the BMAT volume fraction (Sham + Veh: 2.9 ± 2.7% vs. OVX + Veh: 8.1 ± 5.0%: P < 0.001), average adipocyte diameter (Sham + Veh: 19.3 ± 2.6 μm vs. OVX + Veh: 23.1 ± 3.4 μm: P = 0.001), and adipocyte number (Sham + Veh: 584 ± 337cells/μm3 vs. OVX + Veh: 824 ± 113cells/μm3: P = 0.03), while OVX decreased bone volume fraction (Sham + Veh: 15.5 ± 2.8% vs. OVX + Veh: 7.7 ± 1.9%; P < 0.001). GW9662 had no effect on BMAT, bone structural parameters, or bone turnover. In conclusion, ovariectomy increased BMAT and decreased bone volume in C3H/HeJ mice. The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 had no effect on BMAT or bone volume in C3H/HeJ mice, suggesting that BMAT accumulation is regulated independently of PPARγ in C3H/HeJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa M Beekman
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Annegreet G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Veen
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
- Department Cardiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
- Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Research Laboratory Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, The Netherlands
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Anyushin AV, Sap A, Quanten T, Proost P, Parac-Vogt TN. Selective Hydrolysis of Ovalbumin Promoted by Hf(IV)-Substituted Wells-Dawson-Type Polyoxometalate. Front Chem 2018; 6:614. [PMID: 30619823 PMCID: PMC6305993 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity and selectivity of Wells-Dawson type polyoxometalate (POM), K16[Hf(α2-P2W17O61)2]·19H2O (Hf1-WD2), have been examined with respect to the hydrolysis of ovalbumin (OVA), a storage protein consisting of 385 amino acids. The exact cleavage sites have been determined by Edman degradation experiments, which indicated that Hf1-WD2 POM selectively cleaved OVA at eight peptide bonds: Phe13-Asp14, Arg85-Asp86, Asn95-Asp96, Ala139-Asp140, Ser148-Trp149, Ala361-Asp362, Asp362-His363, and Pro364-Phe365. A combination of spectroscopic methods including 31P NMR, Circular Dichroism (CD), and Tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to gain better understanding of the observed selective cleavage and the underlying hydrolytic mechanism. 31P NMR spectra have shown that signals corresponding to Hf1-WD2 gradually broaden upon addition of OVA and completely disappear when the POM-protein molar ratio becomes 1:1, indicating formation of a large POM/protein complex. CD demonstrated that interactions of Hf1-WD2 with OVA in the solution do not result in protein unfolding or denaturation even upon adding an excess of POM. Trp fluorescence spectroscopy measurements revealed that the interaction of Hf1-WD2 with OVA (Kq = 1.1 × 105 M−1) is both quantitatively and qualitatively slightly weaker than the interaction of isostructural Zr-containing Wells-Dawson POM (Zr1-WD2) with human serum albumin (HAS) (Kq = 5.1 × 105 M−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Anyushin
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Sap
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Quanten
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Harris M, Kolanowski JL, O'Neill ES, Henoumont C, Laurent S, Parac-Vogt TN, New EJ. Drawing on biology to inspire molecular design: a redox-responsive MRI probe based on Gd(iii)-nicotinamide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12986-12989. [PMID: 30387480 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel, reversible redox-active MRI probe, GdNR1, has been developed for the study of redox changes associated with diseased states. This system exhibits switching in relaxivity upon reduction and oxidation of the appended nicotinimidium. Relaxivity studies and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the impressive reversibility of this system, at a biologically-relevant reduction potential. A 2.5-fold increase in relaxivity was observed upon reduction of the complex, which corresponds to a change in the number of inner-sphere water molecules, as confirmed by luminescence lifetimes of the Eu(iii) analogue and NMRD studies. This is the first example of a redox-responsive MRI probe utilising the biologically-inspired nicotinimidium redox switch. In the future this strategy could enable the non-invasive identification of hypoxic tissue and related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnlaan 200F, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
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