1
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Khaliulin I, Hamoudi W, Amal H. The multifaceted role of mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02725-z. [PMID: 39223276 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Normal brain functioning relies on high aerobic energy production provided by mitochondria. Failure to supply a sufficient amount of energy, seen in different brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may have a significant negative impact on brain development and support of different brain functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, manifested in the abnormal activities of the electron transport chain and impaired energy metabolism, greatly contributes to ASD. The aberrant functioning of this organelle is of such high importance that ASD has been proposed as a mitochondrial disease. It should be noted that aerobic energy production is not the only function of the mitochondria. In particular, these organelles are involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, different mechanisms of programmed cell death, autophagy, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) production. Several syndromes originated from mitochondria-related mutations display ASD phenotype. Abnormalities in Ca2+ handling and ATP production in the brain mitochondria affect synaptic transmission, plasticity, and synaptic development, contributing to ASD. ROS and Ca2+ regulate the activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). The prolonged opening of this pore affects the redox state of the mitochondria, impairs oxidative phosphorylation, and activates apoptosis, ultimately leading to cell death. A dysregulation between the enhanced mitochondria-related processes of apoptosis and the inhibited autophagy leads to the accumulation of toxic products in the brains of individuals with ASD. Although many mitochondria-related mechanisms still have to be investigated, and whether they are the cause or consequence of this disorder is still unknown, the accumulating data show that the breakdown of any of the mitochondrial functions may contribute to abnormal brain development leading to ASD. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted role of mitochondria in ASD from the various aspects of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khaliulin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wajeha Hamoudi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Marx N, Ritter N, Disse P, Seebohm G, Busch KB. Detailed analysis of Mdivi-1 effects on complex I and respiratory supercomplex assembly. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19673. [PMID: 39187541 PMCID: PMC11347648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several human diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration, are associated with excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. In this context, mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi-1) has been tested as a therapeutic to block the fission-related protein dynamin-like protein-1 (Drp1). Recent studies suggest that Mdivi-1 interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics and complex I function. Here we show that the molecular mechanism of Mdivi-1 is based on inhibition of complex I at the IQ site. This leads to the destabilization of complex I, impairs the assembly of N- and Q-respirasomes, and is associated with increased ROS production and reduced efficiency of ATP generation. Second, the calcium homeostasis of cells is impaired, which for example affects the electrical activity of neurons. Given the results presented here, a potential therapeutic application of Mdivi-1 is challenging because of its potential impact on synaptic activity. Similar to the Complex I inhibitor rotenone, Mdivi-1 may lead to neurodegenerative effects in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marx
- Department of Biology, Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology (IIZP), University of Münster, Schloßplatz 5, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Ritter
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Disse
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Department of Biology, Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology (IIZP), University of Münster, Schloßplatz 5, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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3
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Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta S, Greco V, Pagnotta S, Sanchini C, Di Angelantonio S, Forte E, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Cimini FA, Barchetta I, Cavallo MG, Urbani A, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Paul BD, Perluigi M, Duarte JMN, Barone E. Biliverdin Reductase-A integrates insulin signaling with mitochondrial metabolism through phosphorylation of GSK3β. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103221. [PMID: 38843768 PMCID: PMC11190564 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin resistance links the failure of energy metabolism with cognitive decline in both type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the molecular changes preceding overt brain insulin resistance remain unexplored. Abnormal biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) levels were observed in both T2D and AD and were associated with insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that reduced BVR-A levels alter insulin signaling and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the brain. Loss of BVR-A leads to IRS1 hyper-activation but dysregulates Akt-GSK3β complex in response to insulin, hindering the accumulation of pGSK3βS9 into the mitochondria. This event impairs oxidative phosphorylation and fosters the activation of the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt). Remarkably, we unveil that BVR-A is required to shuttle pGSK3βS9 into the mitochondria. Our data sheds light on the intricate interplay between insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in the brain unraveling potential targets for mitigating the development of brain insulin resistance and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnology, Perioperative and Intensive Clinics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sanchini
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnology, Perioperative and Intensive Clinics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Bindu D Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Joao M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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4
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Shatalina E, Whitehurst TS, Onwordi EC, Gilbert BJ, Rizzo G, Whittington A, Mansur A, Tsukada H, Marques TR, Natesan S, Rabiner EA, Wall MB, Howes OD. Mitochondrial complex I density is associated with IQ and cognition in cognitively healthy adults: an in vivo [ 18F]BCPP-EF PET study. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38632153 PMCID: PMC11024075 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial function plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission and may contribute to general intelligence. Mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) is the largest enzyme of the respiratory chain. Recently, it has become possible to measure MC-I distribution in vivo, using a novel positron emission tomography tracer [18F]BCPP-EF, thus, we set out to investigate the association between MC-I distribution and measures of cognitive function in the living healthy brain. RESULTS Analyses were performed in a voxel-wise manner and identified significant associations between [18F]BCPP-EF DVRCS-1 in the precentral gyrus and parietal lobes and WAIS-IV predicted IQ, WAIS-IV arithmetic and WAIS-IV symbol-digit substitution scores (voxel-wise Pearson's correlation coefficients transformed to Z-scores, thresholded at Z = 2.3 family-wise cluster correction at p < 0.05, n = 16). Arithmetic scores were associated with middle frontal and post-central gyri tracer uptake, symbol-digit substitution scores were associated with precentral gyrus tracer uptake. RAVLT recognition scores were associated with [18F]BCPP-EF DVRCS-1 in the middle frontal gyrus, post-central gyrus, occipital and parietal regions (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings support the theory that mitochondrial function may contribute to general intelligence and indicate that interindividual differences in MC-I should be a key consideration for research into mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shatalina
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Thomas S Whitehurst
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ellis Chika Onwordi
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sridhar Natesan
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Invicro, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Invicro, London, UK
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
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5
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Pan K, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ, Smith Y, Villalba RM. Ultrastructural analysis of nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals in a knockin mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1407-1427. [PMID: 38123503 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is associated with decreased striatal dopamine release. In this study, we examined the possibility that ultrastructural changes of nigrostriatal dopamine terminals could contribute to this neurochemical imbalance using a serial block face/scanning electron microscope (SBF/SEM) and three-dimensional reconstruction to analyse striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) terminals and their synapses in a DYT1(ΔE) knockin (DYT1-KI) mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Furthermore, to study possible changes in vesicle packaging capacity of dopamine, we used transmission electron microscopy to assess the synaptic vesicle size in striatal dopamine terminals. Quantitative comparative analysis of 80 fully reconstructed TH-IR terminals in the WT and DYT1-KI mice indicate (1) no significant difference in the volume of TH-IR terminals; (2) no major change in the proportion of axo-spinous versus axo-dendritic synapses; (3) no significant change in the post-synaptic density (PSD) area of axo-dendritic synapses, while the PSDs of axo-spinous synapses were significantly smaller in DYT1-KI mice; (4) no significant change in the contact area between TH-IR terminals and dendritic shafts or spines, while the ratio of PSD area/contact area decreased significantly for both axo-dendritic and axo-spinous synapses in DYT1-KI mice; (5) no significant difference in the mitochondria volume; and (6) no significant difference in the synaptic vesicle area between the two groups. Altogether, these findings suggest that abnormal morphometric changes of nigrostriatal dopamine terminals and their post-synaptic targets are unlikely to be a major source of reduced striatal dopamine release in DYT1 dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ellen J Hess
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rosa M Villalba
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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6
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Doser RL, Knight KM, Deihl EW, Hoerndli FJ. Activity-dependent mitochondrial ROS signaling regulates recruitment of glutamate receptors to synapses. eLife 2024; 13:e92376. [PMID: 38483244 PMCID: PMC10990490 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of mitochondrial signaling in the nervous system has been limited by the technical challenge of analyzing mitochondrial function in vivo. In the transparent genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans, we were able to manipulate and measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) signaling of individual mitochondria as well as neuronal activity of single neurons in vivo. Using this approach, we provide evidence supporting a novel role for mitoROS signaling in dendrites of excitatory glutamatergic C. elegans interneurons. Specifically, we show that following neuronal activity, dendritic mitochondria take up calcium (Ca2+) via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU-1) that results in an upregulation of mitoROS production. We also observed that mitochondria are positioned in close proximity to synaptic clusters of GLR-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors that mediate neuronal excitation. We show that synaptic recruitment of GLR-1 is upregulated when MCU-1 function is pharmacologically or genetically impaired but is downregulated by mitoROS signaling. Thus, signaling from postsynaptic mitochondria may regulate excitatory synapse function to maintain neuronal homeostasis by preventing excitotoxicity and energy depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Doser
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Kaz M Knight
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Ennis W Deihl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Frederic J Hoerndli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
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7
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Bacman SR, Barrera-Paez JD, Pinto M, Van Booven D, Stewart JB, Griswold AJ, Moraes CT. mitoTALEN reduces the mutant mtDNA load in neurons. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102132. [PMID: 38404505 PMCID: PMC10883830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mutations within mtDNA frequently give rise to severe encephalopathies. Given that a majority of these mtDNA defects exist in a heteroplasmic state, we harnessed the precision of mitochondrial-targeted TALEN (mitoTALEN) to selectively eliminate mutant mtDNA within the CNS of a murine model harboring a heteroplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA alanine gene (m.5024C>T). This targeted approach was accomplished by the use of AAV-PHP.eB and a neuron-specific synapsin promoter for effective neuronal delivery and expression of mitoTALEN. We found that most CNS regions were effectively transduced and showed a significant reduction in mutant mtDNA. This reduction was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial tRNA alanine levels, which are drastically reduced by the m.5024C>T mutation. These results showed that mitochondrial-targeted gene editing can be effective in reducing CNS-mutant mtDNA in vivo, paving the way for clinical trials in patients with mitochondrial encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R. Bacman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Domingo Barrera-Paez
- Graduate Program in Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Derek Van Booven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James B. Stewart
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony J. Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos T. Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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8
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Virga DM, Hamilton S, Osei B, Morgan A, Kneis P, Zamponi E, Park NJ, Hewitt VL, Zhang D, Gonzalez KC, Russell FM, Grahame Hardie D, Prudent J, Bloss E, Losonczy A, Polleux F, Lewis TL. Activity-dependent compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria morphology through local regulation of fusion-fission balance in neurons in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2142. [PMID: 38459070 PMCID: PMC10923867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria play important roles beyond ATP generation, including Ca2+ uptake, and therefore have instructive roles in synaptic function and neuronal response properties. Mitochondrial morphology differs significantly between the axon and dendrites of a given neuronal subtype, but in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus, mitochondria within the dendritic arbor also display a remarkable degree of subcellular, layer-specific compartmentalization. In the dendrites of these neurons, mitochondria morphology ranges from highly fused and elongated in the apical tuft, to more fragmented in the apical oblique and basal dendritic compartments, and thus occupy a smaller fraction of dendritic volume than in the apical tuft. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking degree of subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondria morphology are unknown, precluding the assessment of its impact on neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that this compartment-specific morphology of dendritic mitochondria requires activity-dependent, Ca2+ and Camkk2-dependent activation of AMPK and its ability to phosphorylate two direct effectors: the pro-fission Drp1 receptor Mff and the recently identified anti-fusion, Opa1-inhibiting protein, Mtfr1l. Our study uncovers a signaling pathway underlying the subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondrial morphology in dendrites of neurons in vivo through spatially precise and activity-dependent regulation of mitochondria fission/fusion balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertha Osei
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abigail Morgan
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Parker Kneis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emiliano Zamponi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie J Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria L Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin C Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fiona M Russell
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0XY, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Neuroscience, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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9
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Hirabayashi Y, Lewis TL, Du Y, Virga DM, Decker AM, Coceano G, Alvelid J, Paul MA, Hamilton S, Kneis P, Takahashi Y, Gaublomme JT, Testa I, Polleux F. Most axonal mitochondria in cortical pyramidal neurons lack mitochondrial DNA and consume ATP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579972. [PMID: 38405915 PMCID: PMC10888904 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In neurons of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), axonal mitochondria are thought to be indispensable for supplying ATP during energy-consuming processes such as neurotransmitter release. Here, we demonstrate using multiple, independent, in vitro and in vivo approaches that the majority (~80-90%) of axonal mitochondria in cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs), lack mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Using dynamic, optical imaging analysis of genetically encoded sensors for mitochondrial matrix ATP and pH, we demonstrate that in axons of CPNs, but not in their dendrites, mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) functions in a reverse way, consuming ATP and protruding H+ out of the matrix to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results demonstrate that in mammalian CPNs, axonal mitochondria do not play a major role in ATP supply, despite playing other functions critical to regulating neurotransmission such as Ca2+ buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tommy L. Lewis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yudan Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daniel M. Virga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aubrianna M. Decker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Giovanna Coceano
- Department of Applied Physics and SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Alvelid
- Department of Applied Physics and SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biophysical Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Maëla A. Paul
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL; Paris, France
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Parker Kneis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920–1192 Japan
| | - Jellert T. Gaublomme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Ilaria Testa
- Department of Applied Physics and SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, USA
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10
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Alhowail AH. Pioglitazone ameliorates DOX-induced cognitive impairment by mitigating inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114714. [PMID: 37838244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is broadly used as a medication for cancer treatment. However, DOX has been connected with chemotherapy-related complications, for instance, cognitive impairment (chemobrain). Chemobrain developed in up to 70% of cancer patients; therapeutic is unavailable. This study investigated the preventive effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on neurotoxicity caused by (DOX) in the hippocampus. Forty rats were separated into four groups; control (normal saline 10 ml/kg), DOX (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally every 3rd day, equivalent to 20 mg/kg cumulative dose), PIO (2 mg/kg in drinking water), and DOX+PIO (DOX, 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally every 3rd day concurrently PIO, 2 mg/kg in drinking water) and duration of drug treatment lasted for 14 days. The animals were subjected to contextual fear memory tests to characterize the cognitive impairment following DOX treatment. ELISA assessed hippocampal protein expression related to inflammation, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. DOX-treatment produced significant reduction in freezing duration in contextual fear memory tests, which was reversed by PIO co-administration. DOX increased neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial activity by increasing NF-κB and COX-2 levels, reducing SOD levels, and increasing Bax, caspase-3, and lipid peroxidation. However, DOX did not affect GSH or catalase levels. PIO co-administration reduces NF-κB, COX-2, MDA, Bax, and caspase-3 levels and improves mitochondrial activity and SOD expression. To sum up, DOX therapy accelerates cognitive decline in rats by increasing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis. PIO is a promising treatment for DOX-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Zhang J, Li D, He K, Liu Q, Xie Z. Aging-induced YTHDF aggregates impair mitochondrial function by trapping mitochondrial RNAs and suppressing their expression in the brain. Protein Cell 2024; 15:149-155. [PMID: 37402638 PMCID: PMC10833457 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Keqiang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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12
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Bapat O, Purimetla T, Kruessel S, Shah M, Fan R, Thum C, Rupprecht F, Langer JD, Rangaraju V. VAP spatially stabilizes dendritic mitochondria to locally support synaptic plasticity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:205. [PMID: 38177103 PMCID: PMC10766606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses are pivotal sites of plasticity and memory formation. Consequently, synapses are energy consumption hotspots susceptible to dysfunction when their energy supplies are perturbed. Mitochondria are stabilized near synapses via the cytoskeleton and provide the local energy required for synaptic plasticity. However, the mechanisms that tether and stabilize mitochondria to support synaptic plasticity are unknown. We identified proteins exclusively tethering mitochondria to actin near postsynaptic spines. We find that VAP, the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stabilizes mitochondria via actin near the spines. To test if the VAP-dependent stable mitochondrial compartments can locally support synaptic plasticity, we used two-photon glutamate uncaging for spine plasticity induction and investigated the induced and adjacent uninduced spines. We find VAP functions as a spatial stabilizer of mitochondrial compartments for up to ~60 min and as a spatial ruler determining the ~30 μm dendritic segment supported during synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojasee Bapat
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- International Max Planck Research School for Synapses and Circuits, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Tejas Purimetla
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755-1404, USA
| | - Sarah Kruessel
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Monil Shah
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- International Max Planck Research School for Synapses and Circuits, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ruolin Fan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Christina Thum
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Fiona Rupprecht
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
- Thermo Fisher Diagnostics GmbH, Henningsdorf, 16761, Germany
| | - Julian D Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Vidhya Rangaraju
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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13
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Jacobs HT. A century of mitochondrial research, 1922-2022. Enzymes 2023; 54:37-70. [PMID: 37945177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Although recognized earlier as subcellular entities by microscopists, mitochondria have been the subject of functional studies since 1922, when their biochemical similarities with bacteria were first noted. In this overview I trace the history of research on mitochondria from that time up to the present day, focussing on the major milestones of the overlapping eras of mitochondrial biochemistry, genetics, pathology and cell biology, and its explosion into new areas in the past 25 years. Nowadays, mitochondria are considered to be fully integrated into cell physiology, rather than serving specific functions in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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14
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Duarte FV, Ciampi D, Duarte CB. Mitochondria as central hubs in synaptic modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:173. [PMID: 37266732 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are present in the pre- and post-synaptic regions, providing the energy required for the activity of these very specialized neuronal compartments. Biogenesis of synaptic mitochondria takes place in the cell body, and these organelles are then transported to the synapse by motor proteins that carry their cargo along microtubule tracks. The transport of mitochondria along neurites is a highly regulated process, being modulated by the pattern of neuronal activity and by extracellular cues that interact with surface receptors. These signals act by controlling the distribution of mitochondria and by regulating their activity. Therefore, mitochondria activity at the synapse allows the integration of different signals and the organelles are important players in the response to synaptic stimulation. Herein we review the available evidence regarding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by neuronal activity and by neuromodulators, and how these changes in the activity of mitochondria affect synaptic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- III - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniele Ciampi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Li N, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Deng Y. An integrated multi-level analysis reveals learning-memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction in the rat model exposure to austere environment. J Proteomics 2023; 279:104887. [PMID: 36966970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Austere environment existing in tank, submarine and vessel has many risk factors including high temperature and humidity, confinement, noise, hypoxia, and high level of carbon dioxide, which may cause depression and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood yet. We attempt to investigate the effects of austere environment (AE) on emotion and cognitive function in a rodent model. After 21 days of AE stress, the rats exhibit depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment. Compared with control group, the glucose metabolic level of the hippocampus is significantly decreased using whole-brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and the density of dendritic spines of the hippocampus is remarkably reduced in AE group. Then, we employ a label-free quantitative proteomics strategy to investigate the differentially abundant proteins in rats' hippocampus. It is striking that the differentially abundant proteins annotated by KEGG enrich in oxidative phosphorylation pathway, synaptic vesicle cycle pathway and glutamatergic synapses pathway. The synaptic vesicle transport related proteins (Syntaxin-1A, Synaptogyrin-1 and SV-2) are down-regulated, resulting in the accumulation of intracellular glutamate. Furthermore, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde is increased while the activity of superoxide dismutase and complex I and IV of mitochondria is decreased, indicating that oxidative damage to hippocampal synapses is associated with the cognitive decline. The results of this study offer direct evidence, for the first time, that austere environment can substantially cause learning and memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction in a rodent model via behavioral assessments, PET imaging, label-free proteomics, and oxidative stress tests. SIGNIFICANCE: The incidence of depression and cognitive decline in military occupations (for example, tanker and submariner) is significantly higher than that of global population. In the present study, we first established novel model to simulate the coexisting risk factors in the austere environment. The results of this study offer the direct evidences, for the first time, that the austere environment can substantially cause learning and memory deficits by altering plasticity of the synaptic transmission in a rodent model via proteomic strategy, PET imaging, oxidative stress and behavioral assessments. These findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuomin Li
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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16
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Jasutkar HG, Yamamoto A. Autophagy at the synapse, an early site of dysfunction in neurodegeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 32:100631. [PMID: 36968133 PMCID: PMC10035630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, herein referred to as autophagy, has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, an incomplete understanding of how autophagy contributes to disease pathogenesis has limited progress in acting on this potential target for the development of disease modifying therapeutics. Research in the past few decades has revealed that autophagy plays a specialized role in the synapse, a site of early dysfunction in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we discuss the evidence suggesting that inadequate autophagy at the synapse may contribute to neurodegeneration, and why the functions of autophagy may be particularly relevant for synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Grosso Jasutkar
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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17
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Virga DM, Hamilton S, Osei B, Morgan A, Zamponi E, Park NJ, Hewitt VL, Zhang D, Gonzalez KC, Bloss E, Polleux F, Lewis TL. Activity-dependent subcellular compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria structure in CA1 pyramidal neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.534233. [PMID: 36993655 PMCID: PMC10055421 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria play important roles beyond ATP generation, including Ca2+ uptake, and therefore have instructive roles in synaptic function and neuronal response properties. Mitochondrial morphology differs significantly in the axon and dendrites of a given neuronal subtype, but in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus, mitochondria within the dendritic arbor also display a remarkable degree of subcellular, layer-specific compartmentalization. In the dendrites of these neurons, mitochondria morphology ranges from highly fused and elongated in the apical tuft, to more fragmented in the apical oblique and basal dendritic compartments, and thus occupy a smaller fraction of dendritic volume than in the apical tuft. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking degree of subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondria morphology are unknown, precluding the assessment of its impact on neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that this compartment-specific morphology of dendritic mitochondria requires activity-dependent, Camkk2-dependent activation of AMPK and its ability to phosphorylate two direct effectors: the pro-fission Drp1 receptor Mff and the recently identified anti-fusion, Opa1-inhibiting protein, Mtfr1l. Our study uncovers a new activity-dependent molecular mechanism underlying the extreme subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondrial morphology in dendrites of neurons in vivo through spatially precise regulation of mitochondria fission/fusion balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Bertha Osei
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Abigail Morgan
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emiliano Zamponi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Natalie J. Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Victoria L. Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Kevin C. Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Erik Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY- USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY- USA
| | - Tommy L. Lewis
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Science Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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18
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Hubbard WB, Vekaria HJ, Kalimon OJ, Spry ML, Brown EP, Kilbaugh TJ, Sullivan PG. Pioglitazone restores mitochondrial function but does not spare cortical tissue following mild brain contusion. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad032. [PMID: 36879917 PMCID: PMC9985333 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone interacts through the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET to improve brain bioenergetics following traumatic brain injury. To provide broader evidence regarding the therapeutic effects of pioglitazone after traumatic brain injury, the current study is focused on immediate and delayed therapy in a model of mild brain contusion. To assess pioglitazone therapy on mitochondrial bioenergetics in cortex and hippocampus, we use a technique to isolate subpopulations of total, glia-enriched and synaptic mitochondria. Pioglitazone treatment was initially administered at either 0.25, 3, 12 or 24 h following mild controlled cortical impact. At 48 h post-injury, ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus were dissected and mitochondrial fractions were isolated. Maximal mitochondrial respiration injury-induced deficits were observed in total and synaptic fractions, and 0.25 h pioglitazone treatment following mild controlled cortical impact was able to restore respiration to sham levels. While there are no injury-induced deficits in hippocampal fractions, we do find that 3 h pioglitazone treatment after mild controlled cortical impact can significantly increase maximal mitochondrial bioenergetics compared to vehicle-treated mild controlled cortical impact group. However, delayed pioglitazone treatment initiated at either 3 or 24 h after mild brain contusion does not improve spared cortical tissue. We demonstrate that synaptic mitochondrial deficits following mild focal brain contusion can be restored with early initiation of pioglitazone treatment. Further investigation is needed to determine functional improvements with pioglitazone beyond that of overt cortical tissue sparing following mild contusion traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Olivia J Kalimon
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Malinda L Spry
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Emily P Brown
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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19
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Dennys CN, Roussel F, Rodrigo R, Zhang X, Sierra Delgado A, Hartlaub A, Saelim-Ector A, Ray W, Heintzman S, Fox A, Kolb SJ, Beckman J, Franco MC, Meyer K. CuATSM effectively ameliorates ALS patient astrocyte-mediated motor neuron toxicity in human in vitro models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glia 2023; 71:350-365. [PMID: 36213964 PMCID: PMC10092379 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient diversity and unknown disease cause are major challenges for drug development and clinical trial design for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic animal models do not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of ALS. Direct reprogramming of patient fibroblasts to neuronal progenitor cells and subsequent differentiation into patient astrocytes allows rapid generation of disease relevant cell types. Thus, this methodology can facilitate compound testing in a diverse genetic background resulting in a more representative population for therapeutic evaluation. Here, we used established co-culture assays with motor neurons and reprogrammed patient skin-derived astrocytes (iAs) to evaluate the effects of (SP-4-2)-[[2,2'-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediylidene)bis[N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamidato-κN2 ,κS]](2-)]-copper (CuATSM), currently in clinical trial for ALS in Australia. Pretreatment of iAs with CuATSM had a differential effect on neuronal survival following co-culture with healthy motor neurons. Using this assay, we identified responding and non-responding cell lines for both sporadic and familial ALS (mutant SOD1 and C9ORF72). Importantly, elevated mitochondrial respiration was the common denominator in all CuATSM-responders, a metabolic phenotype not observed in non-responders. Pre-treatment of iAs with CuATSM restored mitochondrial activity to levels comparable to healthy controls. Hence, this metabolic parameter might allow selection of patient subpopulations best suited for CuATSM treatment. Moreover, CuATSM might have additional therapeutic value for mitochondrial disorders. Enhanced understanding of patient-specific cellular and molecular profiles could help improve clinical trial design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N Dennys
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Florence Roussel
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rochelle Rodrigo
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea Sierra Delgado
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Annalisa Hartlaub
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Asya Saelim-Ector
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Will Ray
- Mathematics Department, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Heintzman
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley Fox
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen J Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Beckman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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20
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Kim SY, Strucinska K, Osei B, Han K, Kwon SK, Lewis TL. Neuronal mitochondrial morphology is significantly affected by both fixative and oxygen level during perfusion. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1042616. [PMID: 36407767 PMCID: PMC9667081 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1042616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the brain have a uniquely polarized structure consisting of multiple dendrites and a single axon generated from a cell body. Interestingly, intracellular mitochondria also show strikingly polarized morphologies along the dendrites and axons: in cortical pyramidal neurons (PNs), dendritic mitochondria have a long and tubular shape, while axonal mitochondria are small and circular. Mitochondria play important roles in each compartment of the neuron by generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and buffering calcium, thereby affecting synaptic transmission and neuronal development. In addition, mitochondrial shape, and thereby function, is dynamically altered by environmental stressors such as oxidative stress or in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Although the importance of altered mitochondrial shape has been claimed by multiple studies, methods for studying this stress-sensitive organelle have not been standardized. Here we address pertinent steps that influence mitochondrial morphology during experimental processes. We demonstrate that fixative solutions containing only paraformaldehyde (PFA), or that introduce hypoxic conditions during the procedure, induce dramatic fragmentation of mitochondria both in vitro and in vivo. This disruption was not observed following the use of glutaraldehyde (GA) addition or oxygen supplementation, respectively. Finally, using pre-formed fibril α-synuclein treated neurons, we show fixative choice can alter experimental outcomes. Specifically, α-synuclein-induced mitochondrial remodeling could not be observed with PFA only fixation as fixation itself caused mitochondrial fragmentation. Our study provides optimized methods for examining mitochondrial morphology in neurons and demonstrates that fixation conditions are critical when investigating the underlying cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria in physiological and neurodegenerative disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Klaudia Strucinska
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Bertha Osei
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tommy L. Lewis
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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21
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Hewitt VL, Miller-Fleming L, Twyning MJ, Andreazza S, Mattedi F, Prudent J, Polleux F, Vagnoni A, Whitworth AJ. Decreasing pdzd8-mediated mito-ER contacts improves organismal fitness and mitigates Aβ 42 toxicity. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201531. [PMID: 35831024 PMCID: PMC9279675 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs) orchestrate many important cellular functions including regulating mitochondrial quality control through mitophagy and mediating mitochondrial calcium uptake. Here, we identify and functionally characterize the Drosophila ortholog of the recently identified mammalian MERC protein, Pdzd8. We find that reducing pdzd8-mediated MERCs in neurons slows age-associated decline in locomotor activity and increases lifespan in Drosophila. The protective effects of pdzd8 knockdown in neurons correlate with an increase in mitophagy, suggesting that increased mitochondrial turnover may support healthy aging of neurons. In contrast, increasing MERCs by expressing a constitutive, synthetic ER-mitochondria tether disrupts mitochondrial transport and synapse formation, accelerates age-related decline in locomotion, and reduces lifespan. Although depletion of pdzd8 prolongs the survival of flies fed with mitochondrial toxins, it is also sufficient to rescue locomotor defects of a fly model of Alzheimer's disease expressing Amyloid β42 (Aβ42). Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that MERCs mediated by the tethering protein pdzd8 play a critical role in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hewitt
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonor Miller-Fleming
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Madeleine J Twyning
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simonetta Andreazza
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca Mattedi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Yoo T, Yoo YE, Kang H, Kim E. Age, brain region, and gene dosage-differential transcriptomic changes in Shank3-mutant mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017512. [PMID: 36311023 PMCID: PMC9597470 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank3 is an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Phelan-McDermid syndrome, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Shank3-mutant mice show various molecular, synaptic, and behavioral deficits, but little is known about how transcriptomic phenotypes vary across different ages, brain regions, and gene dosages. Here, we report transcriptomic patterns in the forebrains of juvenile and adult homozygous Shank3-mutant mice that lack exons 14-16 and also the prefrontal, hippocampal, and striatal transcriptomes in adult heterozygous and homozygous Shank3-mutant mice. The juvenile and adult mutant transcriptomes show patterns opposite from and similar to those observed in ASD (termed reverse-ASD and ASD-like patterns), respectively. The juvenile transcriptomic changes accompany synaptic upregulations and ribosomal and mitochondrial downregulations, whereas the adult transcriptome show opposite changes. The prefrontal, hippocampal, and striatal transcriptomes show differential changes in ASD-related gene expressions and biological functions associated with synapse, ribosome, mitochondria, and spliceosome. These patterns also differ across heterozygous and homozygous Shank3-mutant mice. These results suggest age, brain region, and gene dosage-differential transcriptomic changes in Shank3-mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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23
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Van Hook MJ. Influences of Glaucoma on the Structure and Function of Synapses in the Visual System. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:842-861. [PMID: 35044228 PMCID: PMC9587776 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Glaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder of the visual system associated with sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). It is the leading irreversible cause of vision loss worldwide, and vision loss results from damage and dysfunction of the retinal output neurons known as retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Recent Advances: Elevated IOP and optic nerve injury triggers pruning of RGC dendrites, altered morphology of excitatory inputs from presynaptic bipolar cells, and disrupted RGC synaptic function. Less is known about RGC outputs, although evidence to date indicates that glaucoma is associated with altered mitochondrial and synaptic structure and function in RGC-projection targets in the brain. These early functional changes likely contribute to vision loss and might be a window into early diagnosis and treatment. Critical Issues: Glaucoma affects different RGC populations to varying extents and along distinct time courses. The influence of glaucoma on RGC synaptic function as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be determined. Since RGCs are an especially energetically demanding population of neurons, altered intracellular axon transport of mitochondria and mitochondrial function might contribute to RGC synaptic dysfunction in the retina and brain as well as RGC vulnerability in glaucoma. Future Directions: The mechanisms underlying differential RGC vulnerability remain to be determined. Moreover, the timing and mechanisms of RGCs synaptic dysfunction and degeneration will provide valuable insight into the disease process in glaucoma. Future work will be able to capitalize on these findings to better design diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to detect disease and prevent vision loss. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 842-861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Van Hook
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science and Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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24
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Imbriani P, Martella G, Bonsi P, Pisani A. Oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105851. [PMID: 36007757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving a complex interplay between a variety of genetic and environmental factors. In this scenario, mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are widely accepted as crucial neuropathogenic mechanisms, as also evidenced by the identification of PD-associated genes that are directly involved in mitochondrial function. The concept of mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to that of synaptic dysfunction. Indeed, compelling evidence supports the role of mitochondria in synaptic transmission and plasticity, although many aspects have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the most relevant evidence obtained in different neurotoxin-based and genetic rodent models of PD, focusing on mitochondrial impairment and synaptopathy, an early central event preceding overt nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. The identification of early deficits occurring in PD pathogenesis is crucial in view of the development of potential disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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25
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Tanaka M, Szabó Á, Spekker E, Polyák H, Tóth F, Vécsei L. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Common Motif in Neuropsychiatric Presentation? The Link to the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic System. Cells 2022; 11:2607. [PMID: 36010683 PMCID: PMC9406499 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Later, a number of mutations in mtDNA were identified as a cause of severe inheritable metabolic diseases with neurological manifestation, and the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been probed in the pathogenesis of a wide range of illnesses including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a growing number of preclinical studies have revealed that animal behaviors are influenced by the impairment of mitochondrial functions and possibly by the loss of mitochondrial stress resilience. Indeed, as high as 54% of patients with one of the most common primary mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, present psychiatric symptoms including cognitive impairment, mood disorder, anxiety, and psychosis. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles which produce cellular energy and play a major role in other cellular functions including homeostasis, cellular signaling, and gene expression, among others. Mitochondrial functions are observed to be compromised and to become less resilient under continuous stress. Meanwhile, stress and inflammation have been linked to the activation of the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic system, which observably contributes to the development of pathological conditions including neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review discusses the functions of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system, the interaction of the Trp-KYN system with mitochondria, and the current understanding of the involvement of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system in preclinical and clinical studies of major neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Tóth
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Lee A, Kondapalli C, Virga DM, Lewis TL, Koo SY, Ashok A, Mairet-Coello G, Herzig S, Foretz M, Viollet B, Shaw R, Sproul A, Polleux F. Aβ42 oligomers trigger synaptic loss through CAMKK2-AMPK-dependent effectors coordinating mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4444. [PMID: 35915085 PMCID: PMC9343354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in both mouse models and human patients, soluble forms of Amyloid-β 1-42 oligomers (Aβ42o) trigger loss of excitatory synapses (synaptotoxicity) in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons (PNs) prior to the formation of insoluble amyloid plaques. In a transgenic AD mouse model, we observed a spatially restricted structural remodeling of mitochondria in the apical tufts of CA1 PNs dendrites corresponding to the dendritic domain where the earliest synaptic loss is detected in vivo. We also observed AMPK over-activation as well as increased fragmentation and loss of mitochondrial biomass in Ngn2-induced neurons derived from a new APPSwe/Swe knockin human ES cell line. We demonstrate that Aβ42o-dependent over-activation of the CAMKK2-AMPK kinase dyad mediates synaptic loss through coordinated phosphorylation of MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission and ULK2-dependent mitophagy. Our results uncover a unifying stress-response pathway causally linking Aβ42o-dependent structural remodeling of dendritic mitochondria to synaptic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- The Integrated Graduate Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandana Kondapalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Archana Ashok
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Herzig
- Molecular & Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Reuben Shaw
- Molecular & Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Maurya SK, Gupta S, Bakshi A, Kaur H, Jain A, Senapati S, Baghel MS. Targeting mitochondria in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1845-1861. [PMID: 35856508 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the essential cellular organelles. Apart from being considered as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria have been widely known to regulate redox reaction, inflammation, cell survival, cell death, metabolism, etc., and are implicated in the progression of numerous disease conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Since brain is an energy-demanding organ, mitochondria and their functions are important for maintaining normal brain homeostasis. Alterations in mitochondrial gene expression, mutations, and epigenetic modification contribute to inflammation and neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria and aggregation of proteins in neurons leads to alteration in mitochondria functions which further causes neuronal death and progression of neurodegeneration. Pharmacological studies have prioritized mitochondria as a possible drug target in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the present review article has been intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases mainly Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis followed by possible intervention and future treatment strategies to combat mitochondrial-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arushi Jain
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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28
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Panda SP, Dhurandhar Y, Agrawal M. The interplay of epilepsy with impaired mitophagy and autophagy linked dementia (MAD): A review of therapeutic approaches. Mitochondrion 2022; 66:27-37. [PMID: 35842181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The duration and, age of dementia have been linked to a higher risk of seizures. The exact mechanism that drives epileptogenesis in impaired mitophagy and autophagy linked dementia (MAD) is fully defined after reviewing the Scopus, Publon, and Pubmed databases. The epileptogenesis in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is due to involvement of amyloid plaques (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (pTau), Parkin, NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Microglia, the prime protective and inflammatory cells in the brain exert crosstalk between mitophagy and inflammation. Several researchers believed that the inflammatory brain cells microglia could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of a MAD associated epilepsy. There are conventional antiepileptic drugs such as gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, felbamate, lamotrigine, valproate sodium, and topiramate are prescribed by a psychiatrist to suppress seizure frequency. Also, the conventional drugs generate serious adverse effects and synergises dementia characteristics. The adverse effect of carbamazepine is neurotoxic and also, damages haemopoietic system and respiratory tract. The phenytoin treatment causes cerebellar defect and anemia. Dementia and epilepsy have a complicated relationship, thus targeting mitophagy for cure of epileptic dementia makes sense. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one of the rising strategies by many patients of the world, not only to suppress seizure frequency but also to mitigate dementia characteristics of patients. Therefore our present review focus on the interplay between epilepsy and MAD and their treatment with CAM approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Yogita Dhurandhar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mehak Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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29
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Yang HY, Zhang F, Cheng ML, Wu J, Xie M, Yu LZ, Liu L, Xiong J, Zhu HL. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition decreases inflammation and relieves cancer induced bone pain via reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial damage. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3965-3976. [PMID: 35689386 PMCID: PMC9279596 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the preferential site of metastasis for breast cancer. Invasion of cancer cells induces the destruction of bone tissue and damnification of peripheral nerves and consequently induced central sensitization which contributes to severe pain. Herein, cancer induced bone pain (CIBP) rats exhibited destruction of tibia, mechanical allodynia and spinal inflammation. Inflammatory response mainly mediated by astrocyte and microglia in central nervous system. Our immunofluorescence analysis revealed activation of spinal astrocytes and microglia in CIBP rats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of mitochondrial outer membrane disruption and cristae damage in spinal mitochondria of CIBP rats. Proteomics analysis identified abnormal expression of proteins related to mitochondrial organization and function. Intrathecally, injection of GSK‐3β activity inhibitor TDZD‐8 significantly attenuated Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission and recovered mitochondrial function. Inhibition of GSK‐3β activity also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome cascade and consequently decreased mechanical pain sensitivity of CIBP rats. For cell research, TDZD‐8 treatment significantly reversed TNF‐α induced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) deficiency and high mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level. Taken together, GSK‐3β inhibition by TDZD‐8 decreases spinal inflammation and relieves cancer induced bone pain via reducing Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meng-Lin Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Clinical College of Youjiang, Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Liang-Zhu Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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30
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Factors Involved in the Apoptotic Cell Death Mechanism in Yellow Fever Hepatitis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061204. [PMID: 35746675 PMCID: PMC9227230 DOI: 10.3390/v14061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF), a non-contagious infectious disease, is endemic or enzootic to the tropical regions of the Americas and Africa. Periodic outbreaks or epidemics have a significant impact on public health. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is generally characterised by distinct morphological changes and energy-dependent biochemical pathways. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry analysis to identify and quantify proteases and protein targets involved in the cascade that triggers apoptosis in YF virus (YFV)-infected human hepatocytes. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 individuals, among whom 21 were diagnosed as YF-positive, and five were flavivirus-negative and died due to other causes. The histopathological alterations in YFV-positive cases were characterised by the presence of apoptotic bodies, steatosis, cellular swelling, and extensive necrosis and haemorrhage in the hepatic lobules. Additionally, we observed an abundance of inflammatory infiltrates in the portal tract. The expression of various apoptotic markers in the hepatic parenchyma, including CASPASE 3, CASPASE 8, BAX, FAS, FASL, GRANZYME B, and SURVIVIN, differed between YFV-positive cases and controls. Collectively, this study confirmed the complexity of YFV infection-induced apoptosis in situ. However, our data suggest that apoptosis in liver parenchyma lesions may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of fatal YF in humans.
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31
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de Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Calì C, Petrelli F, Bezzi P. Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia. Glia 2022; 70:1585-1604. [PMID: 35634946 PMCID: PMC9544982 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise etiology is still poorly understood. Schizophrenia is not characterized by gross brain pathology, but involves subtle pathological changes in neuronal populations and glial cells. Among the latter, astrocytes critically contribute to the regulation of early neurodevelopmental processes, and any dysfunctions in their morphological and functional maturation may lead to aberrant neurodevelopmental processes involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Studies of the mechanisms regulating astrocyte maturation may therefore improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corrado Calì
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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32
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Faria-Pereira A, Morais VA. Synapses: The Brain's Energy-Demanding Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3627. [PMID: 35408993 PMCID: PMC8998888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the mammalian body, and synaptic transmission is one of the major contributors. To meet these energetic requirements, the brain primarily uses glucose, which can be metabolized through glycolysis and/or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The relevance of these two energy production pathways in fulfilling energy at presynaptic terminals has been the subject of recent studies. In this review, we dissect the balance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to meet synaptic energy demands in both resting and stimulation conditions. Besides ATP output needs, mitochondria at synapse are also important for calcium buffering and regulation of reactive oxygen species. These two mitochondrial-associated pathways, once hampered, impact negatively on neuronal homeostasis and synaptic activity. Therefore, as mitochondria assume a critical role in synaptic homeostasis, it is becoming evident that the synaptic mitochondria population possesses a distinct functional fingerprint compared to other brain mitochondria. Ultimately, dysregulation of synaptic bioenergetics through glycolytic and mitochondrial dysfunctions is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, as one of the first hallmarks in several of these diseases are synaptic energy deficits, followed by synapse degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa A. Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Turner NL, Macrina T, Bae JA, Yang R, Wilson AM, Schneider-Mizell C, Lee K, Lu R, Wu J, Bodor AL, Bleckert AA, Brittain D, Froudarakis E, Dorkenwald S, Collman F, Kemnitz N, Ih D, Silversmith WM, Zung J, Zlateski A, Tartavull I, Yu SC, Popovych S, Mu S, Wong W, Jordan CS, Castro M, Buchanan J, Bumbarger DJ, Takeno M, Torres R, Mahalingam G, Elabbady L, Li Y, Cobos E, Zhou P, Suckow S, Becker L, Paninski L, Polleux F, Reimer J, Tolias AS, Reid RC, da Costa NM, Seung HS. Reconstruction of neocortex: Organelles, compartments, cells, circuits, and activity. Cell 2022; 185:1082-1100.e24. [PMID: 35216674 PMCID: PMC9337909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We assembled a semi-automated reconstruction of L2/3 mouse primary visual cortex from ∼250 × 140 × 90 μm3 of electron microscopic images, including pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and precursors, pericytes, vasculature, nuclei, mitochondria, and synapses. Visual responses of a subset of pyramidal cells are included. The data are publicly available, along with tools for programmatic and three-dimensional interactive access. Brief vignettes illustrate the breadth of potential applications relating structure to function in cortical circuits and neuronal cell biology. Mitochondria and synapse organization are characterized as a function of path length from the soma. Pyramidal connectivity motif frequencies are predicted accurately using a configuration model of random graphs. Pyramidal cells receiving more connections from nearby cells exhibit stronger and more reliable visual responses. Sample code shows data access and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Turner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thomas Macrina
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - J Alexander Bae
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Runzhe Yang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alyssa M Wilson
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Kisuk Lee
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Brain & Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jingpeng Wu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Agnes L Bodor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Emmanouil Froudarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Nico Kemnitz
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Dodam Ih
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Zung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Aleksandar Zlateski
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ignacio Tartavull
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Szi-Chieh Yu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sergiy Popovych
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shang Mu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - William Wong
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Chris S Jordan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Manuel Castro
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - JoAnn Buchanan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Marc Takeno
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Russel Torres
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Leila Elabbady
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erick Cobos
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shelby Suckow
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lynne Becker
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Liam Paninski
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jacob Reimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - H Sebastian Seung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Kim J, Roh JD, Kim S, Kang H, Bae M, Kim E. Slc6a20a Heterozygous and Homozygous Mutant Mice Display Differential Behavioral and Transcriptomic Changes. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:857820. [PMID: 35321029 PMCID: PMC8936588 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.857820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC6A20A is a proline and glycine transporter known to regulate glycine homeostasis and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function in the brain. A previous study found increases in ambient glycine levels and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the brains of Slc6a20a-haploinsufficient mice, but it remained unknown whether Slc6a20a deficiency leads to disease-related behavioral deficits in mice. Here, we report that Slc6a20a heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice display differential behavioral phenotypes in locomotor, repetitive behavioral, and spatial and fear memory domains. In addition, these mice show differential transcriptomic changes in synapse, ribosome, mitochondria, autism, epilepsy, and neuron-related genes. These results suggest that heterozygous and homozygous Slc6a20a deletions in mice lead to differential changes in behaviors and transcriptomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junyeop Daniel Roh
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mihyun Bae
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eunjoon Kim,
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Tai Z, Guan P, Zhang T, Liu W, Li L, Wu Y, Li G, Liu JX. Effects of parental environmental copper stress on offspring development: DNA methylation modification and responses of differentially methylated region-related genes in transcriptional expression. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127600. [PMID: 34801305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parental environmental copper (Cu) exposure is widespread, causing problems for sustainability of fish populations, and epigenetics is suggested to be fundamental during the process, but the mechanism is scarcely reported. Here, we describe the effects of parental environmental Cu exposure on zebrafish developmental abnormality in subsequent generation. This study demonstrated for the first time that: 1. offspring from Cu-stressed paternal adult zebrafish showed developmental defects in the nervous and digestive system and changes in transcriptome; 2. Cu-induced alterations in sperm methylome and transcriptome could induce loci-specific alterations in DNA methylome and corresponding changes in the related gene transcription in offspring; 3. differentially methylated regions in pmpcb, crebl2 and tab2 promoters acted pivotally in their transcription; 4. pmpcb, crebl2 and tab2 are key individual contributors to parental Cu exposure-induced developmental defects in the nervous system, retina and digestive system of the offspring. Those data revealed that Cu-induced alterations in sperm methylome and transcriptome can be passed down to their fertilized offspring, reprogramming the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of embryogenesis and causing embryonic developmental defects, suggesting that environmental Cu might pose a huge threat to the sustainability of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tai
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengpeng Guan
- College of Informatics, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenye Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingya Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - You Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Informatics, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhang X, Farrell JJ, Tong T, Hu J, Zhu C, Wang L, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Pericak‐Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA. Association of mitochondrial variants and haplogroups identified by whole exome sequencing with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:294-306. [PMID: 34152079 PMCID: PMC8764625 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Findings regarding the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are inconsistent. METHODS We developed a pipeline for accurate assembly and variant calling in mitochondrial genomes embedded within whole exome sequences (WES) from 10,831 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). Association of AD risk was evaluated with each mtDNA variant and variants located in 1158 nuclear genes related to mitochondrial function using the SCORE test. Gene-based tests were performed using SKAT-O. RESULTS Analysis of 4220 mtDNA variants revealed study-wide significant association of AD with a rare MT-ND4L variant (rs28709356 C>T; minor allele frequency = 0.002; P = 7.3 × 10-5 ) as well as with MT-ND4L in a gene-based test (P = 6.71 × 10-5 ). Significant association was also observed with a MT-related nuclear gene, TAMM41, in a gene-based test (P = 2.7 × 10-5 ). The expression of TAMM41 was lower in AD cases than controls (P = .00046) or mild cognitive impairment cases (P = .03). DISCUSSION Significant findings in MT-ND4L and TAMM41 provide evidence for a role of mitochondria in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics)Boston University School of Medicine72 East Concord StreetBostonMassachusetts02118USA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public Health801 Massachusetts Avenue 3rd FloorBostonMassachusetts02118USA
| | - John J. Farrell
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics)Boston University School of Medicine72 East Concord StreetBostonMassachusetts02118USA
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics)Boston University School of Medicine72 East Concord StreetBostonMassachusetts02118USA
| | - Junming Hu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics)Boston University School of Medicine72 East Concord StreetBostonMassachusetts02118USA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics)Boston University School of Medicine72 East Concord StreetBostonMassachusetts02118USA
| | | | - Li‐San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York10032USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106USA
| | | | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104USA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public Health801 Massachusetts Avenue 3rd FloorBostonMassachusetts02118USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics)Boston University School of Medicine72 East Concord StreetBostonMassachusetts02118USA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public Health801 Massachusetts Avenue 3rd FloorBostonMassachusetts02118USA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts02118USA
- Department of OphthalmologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts02118USA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public Health715 Albany StreetBostonMassachusetts02118USA
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Mitochondrial transplantation improves anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in aged stress-exposed rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 202:111632. [PMID: 35065970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and abnormalities in the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) pathway are linked to age-related mood disorders. This study investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the mitochondria isolated from young rat brain on depression-like behaviors of aged rats subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS). Aged (22 months old) male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Aged, Aged + Mit, Aged + CMS, and Aged + CMS + Mit. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were assessed using elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP levels, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) levels, and Kyn metabolites were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Golgi Cox staining was used to investigate the neuronal morphology. Mitotherapy decreased immobility time and anhedonia in the FST; increased open arm time and entries in the EPM; decreased grooming and increased rearing, center time, and the entrance in the OFT. Mitotherapy also reduced IDO and Kyn metabolites, restored MMP and ATP production, and enhanced dendritic length and spine density in the PFC. Overall, mitotherapy improved anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in aged rats and it could be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for age-related depressive disorders.
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Role of Bioactive Compounds in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Brain and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020257. [PMID: 35053373 PMCID: PMC8773907 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that participate in a wide range of metabolic processes, including energy production and biomolecule synthesis. The morphology and distribution of intracellular mitochondria change dynamically, reflecting a cell’s metabolic activity. Oxidative stress is defined as a mismatch between the body’s ability to neutralise and eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). A determination of mitochondria failure in increasing oxidative stress, as well as its implications in neurodegenerative illnesses and apoptosis, is a significant developmental process of focus in this review. The neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds linked to neuronal regulation, as well as related neuronal development abnormalities, will be investigated. In conclusion, the study of secondary components and the use of mitochondrial features in the analysis of various neurodevelopmental diseases has enabled the development of a new class of mitochondrial-targeted pharmaceuticals capable of alleviating neurodegenerative disease states and enabling longevity and healthy ageing for the vast majority of people.
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Graham LC, Kline RA, Lamont DJ, Gillingwater TH, Mabbott NA, Skehel PA, Wishart TM. Temporal Profiling of the Cortical Synaptic Mitochondrial Proteome Identifies Ageing Associated Regulators of Stability. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123403. [PMID: 34943911 PMCID: PMC8700124 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are particularly susceptible to the effects of advancing age, and mitochondria have long been implicated as organelles contributing to this compartmental vulnerability. Despite this, the mitochondrial molecular cascades promoting age-dependent synaptic demise remain to be elucidated. Here, we sought to examine how the synaptic mitochondrial proteome (including strongly mitochondrial associated proteins) was dynamically and temporally regulated throughout ageing to determine whether alterations in the expression of individual candidates can influence synaptic stability/morphology. Proteomic profiling of wild-type mouse cortical synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria across the lifespan revealed significant age-dependent heterogeneity between mitochondrial subpopulations, with aged organelles exhibiting unique protein expression profiles. Recapitulation of aged synaptic mitochondrial protein expression at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction has the propensity to perturb the synaptic architecture, demonstrating that temporal regulation of the mitochondrial proteome may directly modulate the stability of the synapse in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Graham
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (L.C.G.); (R.A.K.); (N.A.M.)
- Euan MacDonald Centre, Chancellor’s Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (T.H.G.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Rachel A. Kline
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (L.C.G.); (R.A.K.); (N.A.M.)
- Euan MacDonald Centre, Chancellor’s Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (T.H.G.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Douglas J. Lamont
- FingerPrints Proteomic Facility, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Thomas H. Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre, Chancellor’s Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (T.H.G.); (P.A.S.)
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Neil A. Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (L.C.G.); (R.A.K.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Paul A. Skehel
- Euan MacDonald Centre, Chancellor’s Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (T.H.G.); (P.A.S.)
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas M. Wishart
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (L.C.G.); (R.A.K.); (N.A.M.)
- Euan MacDonald Centre, Chancellor’s Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (T.H.G.); (P.A.S.)
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, The University of Edinburgh, 9A Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
- Correspondence:
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New perspectives on cytoskeletal dysregulation and mitochondrial mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:46. [PMID: 34789332 PMCID: PMC8597313 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective, early degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Motor neurons have long axonal projections, which rely on the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton and mitochondria to regulate energy requirements for maintaining axonal stability, anterograde and retrograde transport, and signaling between neurons. The formation of protein aggregates which contain cytoskeletal proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction both have devastating effects on the function of neurons and are shared pathological features across several neurodegenerative conditions, including ALS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial function are intricately linked. Therefore, dysregulations of the cytoskeletal network and mitochondrial homeostasis and localization, may be common pathways in the initial steps of neurodegeneration. Here we review and discuss known contributors, including variants in genetic loci and aberrant protein activities, which modify cytoskeletal integrity, axonal transport and mitochondrial localization in ALS and have overlapping features with other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we explore some emerging pathways that may contribute to this disruption in ALS.
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Spadini S, Racchetti G, Adiletta A, Lamanna J, Moro AS, Ferro M, Zimarino V, Malgaroli A. A novel integrated approach to estimate the mitochondrial content of neuronal cells and brain tissues. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 363:109351. [PMID: 34481832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria and their dynamics fuel most cellular processes both in physiological and pathological conditions. In the central nervous system, mitochondria sustain synaptic transmission and plasticity via multiple mechanisms which include their redistribution and/or expansion to higher energy demanding sites, sustaining activity changes and promoting morphological circuit adaptations. NEW METHOD To be able to evaluate changes in mitochondrial number and protein phenotype, we propose a novel methodological approach where the simultaneous analysis of both mitochondrial DNA and protein content is performed on each individual microsample, avoiding non-homogeneous loss of material. RESULTS We validated this method on neuronal-like cells and tissue samples and obtained estimates for the mitochondrial/genomic DNA ratio as well as for the abundance of protein counterparts. When the mitochondrial content per cell was evaluated in different brain areas, our results matched the known regional variation in aerobic-anaerobic metabolism. When long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced on hippocampal neurons, we detected increases in the abundance of mitochondria that correlated with the degree of synaptic enhancement. CONCLUSIONS Our approach can be effectively used to study the mitochondrial content andits changes in different brain cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Spadini
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Racchetti
- Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Adiletta
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lamanna
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Stefano Moro
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Ferro
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zimarino
- Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Wang X, Hao JC, Shang B, Yang KL, He XZ, Wang ZL, Jing HL, Cao YJ. Paeoniflorin ameliorates oxidase stress in Glutamate-stimulated SY5Y and prenatally stressed female offspring through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:189-199. [PMID: 34298225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress (PS) can cause brain retardation, reduce the learning and memory ability of the offspring and significantly increase the incidence of depression in offspring. Paeoniflorin (PF), a kind of monoterpenoid glycoside, is one of the main active ingredients of Chinese Medicine Paeonia lactiflora Pall, has anti-inflammation and potential neuroprotective effects. However, few reports have shown that the neuroprotective effects of PF are exerted through ameliorating Glutamate toxicity in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Here, we used a prenatal restraint stress model and Glu-induced excitotoxic neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells to study the effects of PF. RESULTS Our results showed that PF can ameliorate learning and memory impairments and increases the density of hippocampal neurons, typical Golgi-positive pyramidal cells, and neuronal Neurogranin (Ng) expression in PS rat offspring. Furthermore, PF can significantly up-regulate the decrease of Glu-induced SH-SY5Y cell viability. At the same time, PF can significantly reduce apoptosis, ROS, NO levels, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and significantly inhibit the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, PF significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and iNOS, decreased p-JNK/JNK, p-P38/P38, Bax/Bcl-2, active-caspase-3, and active-caspase-9. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PF may be an effective treatment in preventing the development of PS-induced learning and memory impairment and have therapeutic potential in Glu-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, school of pharmacy, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Cheng Hao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, school of pharmacy, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, school of pharmacy, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Lin Yang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, school of pharmacy, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Zhou He
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, school of pharmacy, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Liang Wang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, school of pharmacy, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Ling Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Jun Cao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, school of pharmacy, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
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43
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Dual imaging of dendritic spines and mitochondria in vivo reveals hotspots of plasticity and metabolic adaptation to stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100402. [PMID: 34611532 PMCID: PMC8477201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation is a critical feature of synaptic plasticity. Indeed, synaptic plasticity requires the utilization and resupply of metabolites, in particular when the turnover is high and fast such as in stress conditions. What accounts for the localized energy burden of the post-synaptic compartment to the build up of chronic stress is currently not understood. We used in vivo microscopy of genetically encoded fluorescent probes to track changes of mitochondria, dendritic spines, ATP and H2O2 levels in pyramidal neurons of cortex before and after chronic unpredictable mild stress. Data revealed hotspots of postsynaptic mitochondria and dendritic spine turnover. Pharmacogenetic approach to force expression of the metabolic stress gene NR4A1 caused the fragmentation of postsynaptic mitochondria and loss of proximal dendritic spine clusters, whereas a dominant-negative mutant counteracted the effect of chronic stress. When fragmented, dendritic mitochondria produced lesser ATP at resting state and more on acute demand. This corresponded with significant production of mitochondrial H2O2 oxidative species in the dendritic compartment. Together, data indicate that pyramidal neurons adjust proximal dendritic spine turnover and mitochondria functions in keeping with synaptic demands. Addition of dendritic spine clusters match with more proximal mitochondria coverage. Loss of dendritic spine clusters match with less proximal mitochondria coverage. Dendrites alter spine dynamics, ATP and H202 production in keeping with excitation. In excess, the transcription factor NR4A1 promotes cross-clustering losses. Blocking NR4A1 prevents net cross-clustering losses mediated by chronic stress.
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44
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Yoo YE, Lee S, Kim W, Kim H, Chung C, Ha S, Park J, Chung Y, Kang H, Kim E. Early Chronic Memantine Treatment-Induced Transcriptomic Changes in Wild-Type and Shank2-Mutant Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:712576. [PMID: 34594187 PMCID: PMC8477010 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.712576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank2 is an excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein strongly implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Shank2-mutant mice with a homozygous deletion of exons 6 and 7 (Shank2-KO mice) show decreased NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function and autistic-like behaviors at juvenile [∼postnatal day (P21)] and adult (>P56) stages that are rescued by NMDAR activation. However, at ∼P14, these mice show the opposite change – increased NMDAR function; moreover, suppression of NMDAR activity with early, chronic memantine treatment during P7–21 prevents NMDAR hypofunction and autistic-like behaviors at later (∼P21 and >P56) stages. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this rescue, we performed RNA-Seq gene-set enrichment analysis of forebrain transcriptomes from wild-type (WT) and Shank2-KO juvenile (P25) mice treated early and chronically (P7–21) with vehicle or memantine. Vehicle-treated Shank2-KO mice showed upregulation of synapse-related genes and downregulation of ribosome- and mitochondria-related genes compared with vehicle-treated WT mice. They also showed a transcriptomic pattern largely opposite that observed in ASD (reverse-ASD pattern), based on ASD-related/risk genes and cell-type–specific genes. In memantine-treated Shank2-KO mice, chromatin-related genes were upregulated; mitochondria, extracellular matrix (ECM), and actin-related genes were downregulated; and the reverse-ASD pattern was weakened compared with that in vehicle-treated Shank2-KO mice. In WT mice, memantine treatment, which does not alter NMDAR function, upregulated synaptic genes and downregulated ECM genes; memantine-treated WT mice also exhibited a reverse-ASD pattern. Therefore, early chronic treatment of Shank2-KO mice with memantine alters expression of chromatin, mitochondria, ECM, actin, and ASD-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungjoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyosang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changuk Chung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Ha
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinsu Park
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeonseung Chung
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
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45
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Basnayake K, Mazaud D, Kushnireva L, Bemelmans A, Rouach N, Korkotian E, Holcman D. Nanoscale molecular architecture controls calcium diffusion and ER replenishment in dendritic spines. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh1376. [PMID: 34524854 PMCID: PMC8443180 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are critical components of neuronal synapses as they receive and transform synaptic inputs into a succession of calcium-regulated biochemical events. The spine apparatus (SA), an extension of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, regulates slow and fast calcium dynamics in spines. Calcium release events deplete SA calcium ion reservoir rapidly, yet the next cycle of signaling requires its replenishment. How spines achieve this replenishment without triggering calcium release remains unclear. Using computational modeling, calcium and STED superresolution imaging, we show that the SA replenishment involves the store-operated calcium entry pathway during spontaneous calcium transients. We identified two main conditions for SA replenishment without depletion: a small amplitude and a slow timescale for calcium influx, and a close proximity between SA and plasma membranes. Thereby, spine’s nanoscale organization separates SA replenishment from depletion. We further conclude that spine’s receptor organization also determines the calcium dynamics during the induction of long-term synaptic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Basnayake
- Computational Biology and Applied Mathematics, Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
| | - David Mazaud
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9199, Université Paris-Sud, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Eduard Korkotian
- Faculty of Biology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Holcman
- Computational Biology and Applied Mathematics, Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
- Churchill College and the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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46
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Faitg J, Lacefield C, Davey T, White K, Laws R, Kosmidis S, Reeve AK, Kandel ER, Vincent AE, Picard M. 3D neuronal mitochondrial morphology in axons, dendrites, and somata of the aging mouse hippocampus. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109509. [PMID: 34380033 PMCID: PMC8423436 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain's ability to process complex information relies on the constant supply of energy through aerobic respiration by mitochondria. Neurons contain three anatomically distinct compartments-the soma, dendrites, and projecting axons-which have different energetic and biochemical requirements, as well as different mitochondrial morphologies in cultured systems. In this study, we apply quantitative three-dimensional electron microscopy to map mitochondrial network morphology and complexity in the mouse brain. We examine somatic, dendritic, and axonal mitochondria in the dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) of the mouse hippocampus, two subregions with distinct principal cell types and functions. We also establish compartment-specific differences in mitochondrial morphology across these cell types between young and old mice, highlighting differences in age-related morphological recalibrations. Overall, these data define the nature of the neuronal mitochondrial network in the mouse hippocampus, providing a foundation to examine the role of mitochondrial morpho-function in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Faitg
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Clay Lacefield
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tracey Davey
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Kathryn White
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ross Laws
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Stylianos Kosmidis
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eric R Kandel
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Martin Picard
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, The Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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47
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Lee S, Kang H, Jung H, Kim E, Lee E. Gene Dosage- and Age-Dependent Differential Transcriptomic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex of Shank2-Mutant Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:683196. [PMID: 34177464 PMCID: PMC8226033 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.683196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank2 is an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein that is known to regulate excitatory synapse assembly and synaptic transmission and has been implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies on Shank2-mutant mice provided mechanistic insights into their autistic-like phenotypes, but it remains unclear how transcriptomic patterns are changed in brain regions of the mutant mice in age- and gene dosage-dependent manners. To this end, we performed RNA-Seq analyses of the transcripts from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of heterozygous and homozygous Shank2-mutant mice lacking exons 6 and 7 at juvenile (week 3) and adult (week 12) stages. Juvenile heterozygous Shank2-mutant mice showed upregulation of glutamate synapse-related genes, downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, and transcriptomic changes that are opposite to those observed in ASD (anti-ASD) such as upregulation of ASD_down (downregulated in ASD), GABA neuron-related, and oligodendrocyte-related genes. Juvenile homozygous Shank2 mice showed upregulation of chromatin-related genes and transcriptomic changes that are in line with those occurring in ASD (pro-ASD) such as downregulation of ASD_down, GABA neuron-related, and oligodendrocyte-related genes. Adult heterozygous and homozygous Shank2-mutant mice both exhibited downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes and pro-ASD transcriptomic changes. Therefore, the gene dosage- and age-dependent effects of Shank2 deletions in mice include differential transcriptomic changes across distinct functional contexts, including synapses, chromatin, ribosomes, mitochondria, GABA neurons, and oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, KISTI, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwajin Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunee Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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48
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Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Wortel J, van der Loo RJ, van Weering JRT, Smit AB, Li KW. Reduced mGluR5 Activity Modulates Mitochondrial Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061375. [PMID: 34199502 PMCID: PMC8228325 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is an essential modulator of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory; whereas in pathological conditions, it is an acknowledged therapeutic target that has been implicated in multiple brain disorders. Despite robust pre-clinical data, mGluR5 antagonists failed in several clinical trials, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying mGluR5 function. In this study, we dissected the molecular synaptic modulation mediated by mGluR5 using genetic and pharmacological mouse models to chronically and acutely reduce mGluR5 activity. We found that next to dysregulation of synaptic proteins, the major regulation in protein expression in both models concerned specific processes in mitochondria, such as oxidative phosphorylation. Second, we observed morphological alterations in shape and area of specifically postsynaptic mitochondria in mGluR5 KO synapses using electron microscopy. Third, computational and biochemical assays suggested an increase of mitochondrial function in neurons, with increased level of NADP/H and oxidative damage in mGluR5 KO. Altogether, our observations provide diverse lines of evidence of the modulation of synaptic mitochondrial function by mGluR5. This connection suggests a role for mGluR5 as a mediator between synaptic activity and mitochondrial function, a finding which might be relevant for the improvement of the clinical potential of mGluR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gonzalez-Lozano
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.J.v.d.L.); (A.B.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.G.-L.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Joke Wortel
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Functional Genomics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.); (J.R.T.v.W.)
| | - Rolinka J. van der Loo
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.J.v.d.L.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Jan R. T. van Weering
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Functional Genomics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.); (J.R.T.v.W.)
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.J.v.d.L.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.J.v.d.L.); (A.B.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.G.-L.); (K.W.L.)
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49
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Calarco CA, Lobo MK. The Individualized Powerhouse: Mitofusin-2 Regulates Nucleus Accumbens Mitochondrial Influence on Individual Differences in Trait Anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:1024-1026. [PMID: 34016375 PMCID: PMC9750709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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50
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Gebara E, Zanoletti O, Ghosal S, Grosse J, Schneider BL, Knott G, Astori S, Sandi C. Mitofusin-2 in the Nucleus Accumbens Regulates Anxiety and Depression-like Behaviors Through Mitochondrial and Neuronal Actions. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:1033-1044. [PMID: 33583561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence points to a central role of mitochondria in psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the molecular players that regulate mitochondria in neural circuits regulating anxiety and depression and about how they impact neuronal structure and function. Here, we investigated the role of molecules involved in mitochondrial dynamics in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a hub of the brain's motivation system. METHODS We assessed how individual differences in anxiety-like (measured via the elevated plus maze and open field tests) and depression-like (measured via the forced swim and saccharin preference tests) behaviors in outbred rats relate to mitochondrial morphology (electron microscopy and 3-dimensional reconstructions) and function (mitochondrial respirometry). Mitochondrial molecules were measured for protein (Western blot) and messenger RNA (quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, RNAscope) content. Dendritic arborization (Golgi Sholl analyses), spine morphology, and MSN excitatory inputs (patch-clamp electrophysiology) were characterized. MFN2 overexpression in the NAc was induced through an AAV9-syn1-MFN2. RESULTS Highly anxious animals showed increased depression-like behaviors, as well as reduced expression of the mitochondrial GTPase MFN2 in the NAc. They also showed alterations in mitochondria (i.e., respiration, volume, and interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum) and MSNs (i.e., dendritic complexity, spine density and typology, and excitatory inputs). Viral MFN2 overexpression in the NAc reversed all of these behavioral, mitochondrial, and neuronal phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate a causal role for accumbal MFN2 on the regulation of anxiety and depression-like behaviors through actions on mitochondrial and MSN structure and function. MFN2 is posited as a promising therapeutic target to treat anxiety and associated behavioral disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Gebara
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graham Knott
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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