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Sommerville JA. The origins of moral sensitivities: Probing infants' expectations, evaluations, generalization, and enforcement of moral norms. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 67:31-69. [PMID: 39260907 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the origins of moral sensitivities, and their elaboration, within infancy and early childhood is a challenging task, given inherent limitations in infants' behavior. Here, I argue for a multi-pronged, multi-method approach that involves cleaving the moral response at its joints. Specifically, I chart the emergence of infants' moral expectations, evaluations, generalization and enforcement, demonstrating that while many moral sensitivities are present in the second year of life, these sensitivities are closely aligned with, and likely driven by, infants' everyday experience. Moreover, qualitative differences exist between the moral responses that are present in infancy and those of later childhood, particularly in terms of enforcement (i.e., a lack of punishment in infancy). These findings set the stage for addressing outstanding critical questions regarding moral development, that include identifying discrete causal inputs to early moral cognition, identifying whether moral cognition is distinct from social cognition early in life, and explaining gaps that exist between moral cognition and moral behavior in development.
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Alampay LP. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in the Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:568-577. [PMID: 38320969 PMCID: PMC11257813 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study examined whether Filipino mothers' and fathers' cultural values, namely individualism, collectivism and conformity values; are associated with parental warmth, rules/limit-setting and expectations of family obligations; and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Children (n = 103; Mage = 10.52, SDage = .44) and their mothers (n = 100) and fathers (n = 79) from urban Metro Manila, Philippines, responded to self-report measures orally or in writing. Mothers' collectivistic values, and fathers' individualistic and collectivistic values, were positively associated with expectations for children's familial obligations. Fathers' individualist values predicted lower internalising behaviours in children, whereas the valuing of conformity predicted greater paternal warmth. Future research on cultural values should unpack their dynamic meanings, processes and associations with parenting behaviours and child adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of Psychology, 3/f Leong Hall, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines
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Breiner K, Lansford JE, Skinner AT, Steinberg L, Bornstein MH, Deater-Deckard K, Dodge KA, Rothenberg WA. Cultural values, parenting, and child adjustment in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:588-597. [PMID: 38952350 PMCID: PMC11286003 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
We examined whether cultural values, conformity and parenting behaviours were related to child adjustment in middle childhood in the United States. White, Black and Latino mothers (n = 273), fathers (n = 182) and their children (n = 272) reported on parental individualism and collectivism, conformity values, parental warmth, monitoring, family obligation expectations, and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed on variables of interest. Collectivism in mothers and fathers was associated with family obligation expectations and parental warmth. Fathers with higher conformity values had higher expectations of children's family obligations. Child internalising and externalising behaviours were greater when Latino families subscribed to individualistic values. These results are discussed in the context of cultural values, protective and promotive factors of behaviour, and race/ethnicity in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Breiner
- Child Development Department, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
- UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Finland
| | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Mulderry C, Jackson BN, Purdy SC. Children's speech, language and communication skills and parental knowledge in the growing up in New Zealand cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024. [PMID: 38602295 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a substantial discrepancy between international and local prevalence rates for speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) amongst children in New Zealand. Reports of communication impairment are likely to be underestimates. Prevalence data can describe population characteristics and inform the scope and nature of services to adequately meet demand. Parents and other caregivers are central to the early identification of children with communication needs but they may not recognise their child's needs or act on their concerns. METHOD Cross-sectional data were available for the Growing Up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) longitudinal study cohort at 24, 54 and 72 months of age, with 76% of whānau (families; n = 5241) completing three data waves. Descriptive and chi-square analyses were used to address: (1) What are the communication abilities of children in the first 5 years of life? (2) What do New Zealand parents understand of their children's communication? (3) Do New Zealand parents have concerns? (4) What are the trajectories of parental concern for children's communication in the first 6 years of life? RESULTS At 24 months old, 16% of children had communication skills that were of concern to their parents. At 54 months, there were concerns for 12.6% of children. Although most parents were able to describe their child's expressive abilities, many parents remained unconcerned when their child demonstrated communication skills that did not met developmental expectations. CONCLUSION Parents can offer valuable insights about their children, but in many cases their level of concern about SLCN did not align with a professional view which reflects a more nuanced understanding of children's speech and language and the impact on future communication skills and needs. Increased awareness through public health messaging specifically regarding lifelong influences of communication challenges will aid in prevention, early detection and intervention. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject Parent's expectations of child speech and language development will inform how responsive they are to difficulties in their child. Appropriate parental concern is key to recognition of children with speech, language and communication needs that warrant referral to a professional. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Parents are aware of expressive language skills that children acquire and can accurately identify their children's skills but have less knowledge of the ages of acquisition. Some parents are not concerned, do not seek support despite recognisable difficulties, and demonstrate limited understanding of the future consequences for children with communication needs that are unmet. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Public health messaging should include both skills and age ranges for speech and language acquisition. Additionally, educating the public of the impact of speech, language and communication skills on children's futures is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca N Jackson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Suarez-Rivera C, Pinheiro-Mehta N, Tamis-LeMonda CS. Within arms reach: Physical proximity shapes mother-infant language exchanges in real-time. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101298. [PMID: 37774641 PMCID: PMC10534257 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During everyday interactions, mothers and infants achieve behavioral synchrony at multiple levels. The ebb-and-flow of mother-infant physical proximity may be a central type of synchrony that establishes a common ground for infant-mother interaction. However, the role of proximity in language exchanges is relatively unstudied, perhaps because structured tasks-the common setup for observing infant-caregiver interactions-establish proximity by design. We videorecorded 100 mothers (U.S. Hispanic N = 50, U.S. Non-Hispanic N = 50) and their 13- to 23-month-old infants during natural activity at home (1-to-2 h per dyad), transcribed mother and infant speech, and coded proximity continuously (i.e., infants and mother within arms reach). In both samples, dyads entered proximity in a bursty temporal pattern, with bouts of proximity interspersed with bouts of physical distance. As hypothesized, Non-Hispanic and Hispanic mothers produced more words and a greater variety of words when within arms reach than out of arms reach. Similarly, infants produced more utterances that contained words when close to mother than when not. However, infants babbled equally often regardless of proximity, generating abundant opportunities to play with sounds. Physical proximity expands opportunities for language exchanges and infants' communicative word use, although babies accumulate massive practice babbling even when caregivers are not proximal.
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De Anda S, Cycyk LM, Durán L, Biancarosa G, McIntyre LL. Sentence Diversity in Spanish-English Bilingual Toddlers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:576-591. [PMID: 36780320 PMCID: PMC10171847 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There remain few available tools to assess language development in Spanish-English dual language learner (DLL) toddlers in the United States. Of interest is the development of early sentences as children move from producing single words to producing multiword utterances. This study is the first to extend sentence diversity to the context of Spanish-English DLLs by describing development from 24 to 30 months of age in children with and without language delays (LDs). METHOD Spontaneous language samples were collected from Spanish-dominant DLL children and their mothers as they were observed during a free-play interaction. Existing sentence diversity protocols were adapted for the DLL context to describe children's flexibility in combining subjects and verbs to form utterances in Spanish and English. RESULTS Children maintained an accurate separation in their grammars for subject-verb combinations in Spanish versus English. There was an overwhelming preference for Spanish subject-verb combinations with null subjects. The emergence of sentence diversity distinguished children with and without early LD unlike the emergence of word combinations. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior research, findings showed that DLLs did not confuse grammatical structures across languages. Instead, they showed a differential pattern of results in each language, such that the strongest grammatical skills were evinced first in the dominant language. Sentence diversity shows promise for assessment and progress monitoring in Spanish-English DLLs in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie De Anda
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Lauren M. Cycyk
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Lillian Durán
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Gina Biancarosa
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Laura Lee McIntyre
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene
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Canning MG, Jugovac S, Pasalich DS. An Updated Account on Parents' Use of and Attitudes Towards Time-Out. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:436-449. [PMID: 34586550 PMCID: PMC8479263 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-out (TO) is a well-established technique for effectively managing childhood conduct problems, yet there is increasing controversy around its use. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigated the impact of recent criticisms against TO on parents' use of and attitudes towards it. A community sample of parents (N = 297, Mage = 37.14) completed an online survey (Study 1) to investigate use of and acceptability of TO. Results showed that 57.91% of parents reported using TO, slightly lower than past estimates. Perceived effectiveness and trust in clinicians predicted TO acceptability. To thoroughly examine negative attitudes towards TO, parents who did not use TO (N = 17, Mage = 38.29) participated in individual interviews (Study 2). Amongst other findings, Study 2 found that parents view TO as punitive and contrary to their value of connection. We discuss implications for parenting interventions, dissemination of parenting information, and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Canning
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Samantha Jugovac
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Dave S Pasalich
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Park S, Oh W, Kim Y, Kim HK, Mastergeorge AM. Longitudinal trajectories of maternal parenting stress in Korean families: Children's executive function and school adjustment. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SuJung Park
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Wonjung Oh
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Yunhee Kim
- National Youth Policy Institute Sejong Korea
| | - Hyoun K. Kim
- Department of Child & Family Studies Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ann M. Mastergeorge
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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Weith J, Hammer A, Grau J. Young Puerto Rican Mothers' Cultural Orientation and Parenting Behaviors: Associations with Subsequent Child Emotion Dysregulation. PARENTING, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 23:85-114. [PMID: 37207248 PMCID: PMC10191150 DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2130329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective Children of Latinx adolescent mothers are at risk for regulatory difficulties. However, a paucity of research has examined parenting behaviors and children's early emotional development in such families. Design Longitudinal associations between observed parenting behaviors (sensitivity, directiveness, child-directed language) at 18 months and children's emotion dysregulation at 18 and 24 months were tested among young mainland Puerto Rican mothers (N = 123) and their toddlers. Given the cultural variability present in Latinx families, whether mothers' cultural orientation moderated these associations was also tested. Results Maternal sensitivity predicted less child emotion dysregulation at 24 months at all levels of cultural orientation. Directiveness was unrelated to dysregulation. Child-directed language predicted lower dysregulation only when mothers endorsed lower levels of American cultural orientation. Conclusions It is important to consider families' cultural context when identifying maternal behaviors that are most beneficial to child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Weith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, 144 Kent Hall, Kent, OH 44242
| | - Aimee Hammer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, 144 Kent Hall, Kent, OH 44242
| | - Josefina Grau
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, 144 Kent Hall, Kent, OH 44242
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Mascheroni E, Grassi M, Bonanomi A, Sperotto R, Deeg S, Hung S, Xia R, Ionio C, Kit‐fong Au T, Gattis M. The role of experience in parenting beliefs of British and Italian women during pregnancy. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:835-848. [PMID: 36219866 PMCID: PMC9828108 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of experience in parenting beliefs about caring for infants, we examined the parenting beliefs of pregnant women who were expecting their first child with those of pregnant women who already had at least one other child. A culturally diverse sample of 550 British and Italian women completed self-report measures evaluating their beliefs about the value of attunement and structure in caregiving, parenting self-efficacy, and home chaos. Psychometric evaluation confirmed the two-factor structure of the Baby Care Questionnaire (BCQ) for measuring attunement and structure but did not support configural invariance across the different samples. Beliefs about attunement and structure were related to parenting experience: pregnant women who already had at least one other child reported stronger beliefs in attunement, whereas pregnant women expecting their first child reported stronger beliefs in structure. Regression analyses revealed that the associations between parenting beliefs and experience remained when controlling for country, age, and education. Despite the limitations imposed by the lack of configural invariance, this cross-sectional, cross-cultural study constitutes an important first step in examining the relations between parenting experience and parenting beliefs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mascheroni
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- 0–3 Center for the at‐Risk InfantScientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio MedeaBosisio PariniItaly
| | | | - Andrea Bonanomi
- Department of Statistical ScienceCatholic University of MilanMilanItaly
| | | | - Sita Deeg
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - San Hung
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ruixue Xia
- Department of PsychologyNorthwest Normal UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Chiara Ionio
- Department of PsychologyCentro di Ricerca sulle Dinamiche evolutive ed educative(CRIdee)Catholic University of MilanMilanItaly
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Coşkun K, Çıkrıkçı O, Liebovich B, Kara C. Parent-child interaction in academic experiences: Scale development and validation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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He AX, Luyster RJ, Arunachalam S. Parental tuning of language input to autistic and nonspectrum children. Front Psychol 2022; 13:954983. [PMID: 36211865 PMCID: PMC9537044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregivers' language input supports children's language development, and it is often tuned to the child's current level of skill. Evidence suggests that parental input is tuned to accommodate children's expressive language levels, but accommodation to receptive language abilities is less understood. In particular, little is known about parental sensitivity to children's abilities to process language in real time. Compared to nonspectrum children, children on the spectrum are slower to process language. In this study, we ask: Do parents of autistic children and those of nonspectrum children tune their language input to accommodate children's different language processing abilities? Children with and without a diagnosis of autism (ages 2-6 years, N = 35) and their parents viewed a display of six images, one of which was the target. The parent labeled the target to direct the child's attention to it. We first examined children's language processing abilities by assessing their latencies to shift gaze to the labeled referent; from this, we found slower latencies in the autistic group than in the nonspectrum group, in line with previous findings. We then examined features of parents' language and found that parents in both groups produced similar language, suggesting that parents may not adjust their language input according to children's speed of language processing. This finding suggests that (1) capturing parental sensitivity to children's receptive language, and specifically language processing, may enrich our models of individual differences in language input, and (2) future work should investigate if supporting caregivers in tuning their language use according to children's language processing can improve children's language outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Xiaoxue He
- Department of English and Literature, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rhiannon J. Luyster
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Emerson College, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sudha Arunachalam
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Leyva D, Yeomans-Maldonado G, Weiland C, Shapiro A. Latino kindergarteners' math growth, approaches to learning, and home numeracy practices. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ostrov JM, Perry KJ, Eiden RD, Nickerson AB, Schuetze P, Godleski SA, Shisler S. Development of Bullying and Victimization: An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors in a High-Risk Sample. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:5958-5984. [PMID: 35259304 PMCID: PMC10577648 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211067026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This prospective longitudinal study from birth to late adolescence investigated how early risk predicted subsequent aggression in middle childhood and bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and violence victimization in adolescence. In addition, the moderating role of protective factors (i.e., maternal sensitivity, positive peers, and school connectedness) on these associations were examined. Caregiver-infant dyads (N = 216; 72% Black/African American) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study on substance exposed youth. Data using multiple methods and informants (observations, interviews, caregiver, and child/youth self-reports) were collected from dyads in early childhood (EC, birth to 48 months), middle childhood (MC, i.e., 84 months), early adolescence (EA, M = 13.26 years, SD = .83) and later adolescence (LA, M = 15.08 years, SD = .83). A developmental cascading path model was tested. There were direct associations between EC maternal harsh parenting and aggression in MC. In turn, MC aggression was associated with higher violence victimization and bullying in EA. Finally, EA violence victimization was then associated with higher levels of bullying as well as victimization from bullying in LA. Consistent with predictions, there was also evidence that protective factors (i.e., maternal sensitivity and positive peers) moderated the impact of predictor variables on aggression and bullying outcomes. Specifically, maternal sensitivity moderated the link between EC and MC aggression, such that those with moderately high levels of maternal sensitivity showed a negative relation between EC and MC aggression, whereas those with low levels of maternal sensitivity showed continuity in aggression. Positive peer influence moderated the link between violence victimization in EA and bullying in LA, such that children high on both violence victimization and positive peers had the highest levels of bullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, 12292University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kristin J Perry
- Department of Psychology, 12292University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, Consortium to Combat Substance Abuse, 8082The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Amanda B Nickerson
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, 12292University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Schuetze
- Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie A Godleski
- Department of Psychology, 6925Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shannon Shisler
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, 12292University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Slapnicar C, Lear SA, Dehghan M, Gupta M, Rangarajan S, Punthakee Z. Relationship of parental feeding practices and diet with children's diet among South Asians in Canada. Appetite 2022; 173:105991. [PMID: 35271940 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asian children's diets are considered unhealthy, yet the relationship with food parenting among South Asians is understudied. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, questionnaires were administered to dyads of Canadian South Asian elementary and high school children and a parent. Relationships between parental factors (perceived responsibility, restriction, pressure to eat, monitoring, home food environment, nutrition knowledge and intake of fruits and vegetables (FV), sugary beverages (SB) and sweets and fast foods (SWFF) and children's intake of FV, SB and SWFF were assessed by linear regression adjusted for sociodemographics. Subgroup differences by children's age and acculturation were explored by interaction analysis. RESULTS 291 children (age 9.8 ± 3.2 years) had mean daily intake frequencies of 3.1 ± 2.0 FV, 1.0 ± 0.9 SB and 2.1 ± 1.5 SWFF. Positive associations were found between parent and child intake of FV (standardized beta (ß) = 0.230, [95%CI 0.115, 0.345], p < 0.001), SB (β = 0.136 [0.019, 0.252], p = 0.02), and SWFF (β = 0.167 [0.052, 0.282], p = 0.005). Parental monitoring was associated with lower children's SWFF intake (ß = -0.131 [-0.248, -0.015], p = 0.03). Among those expressing less Western culture, parental SWFF intake was associated with child's SB intake (β = 0.255 [0.085, 0.425], p = 0.004). Among those expressing less traditional culture, positive home food environment was associated with lower child SWFF intake (β = -0.208 [-0.374, -0.042], p = 0.015). CONCLUSION South Asian children's diets have stronger relationships with their parents' diets than with food parenting practices or nutrition knowledge, though parental monitoring was associated with lower unhealthy food intake. However, with greater acculturation, the home food environment was more important for unhealthy food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Slapnicar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott A Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Milan Gupta
- Canadian Collaborative Research Network, Brampton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zubin Punthakee
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Shifrer D, Pals H. Social mobility, adolescents' psycho-social dispositions, and parenting. RESEARCH IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY 2021; 75:100646. [PMID: 35382355 PMCID: PMC8979411 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Psycho-social dispositions and parental influence are central in early status attainment models. We apply the Social Structure and Personality framework to investigate the contributions of adolescents' psycho-social dispositions to social mobility, and then the contributions of parents' socioeconomic status (SES) and parenting to adolescents' psycho-social dispositions. The Kaplan Longitudinal and Multigenerational Study includes data on two generations of respondents: the first-generation of respondents was observed from seventh grade in 1971 until midlife, and the second-generation, their children, was observed from adolescence to young adulthood. We find that upward social mobility is inhibited by poor psycho-social dispositions, particularly by negative self-feelings. SES, in turn, also affects psycho-social dispositions. Family income is more relevant (i.e., variance explained) than parental education for adolescents' locus of control, while parental education is more relevant for adolescents' negative self-feelings. Finally, our findings indicate that parenting can disrupt the cycle of social reproduction, with lower SES adolescents exhibiting lower levels of negative self-feelings if their parents are more attached or less authoritarian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Shifrer
- Department of Sociology, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Heili Pals
- Department of Sociology, Texas A&M University, 311 Academic Bldg., College Station, TX, 77843-4351, USA
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Weber AM, Diop Y, Gillespie D, Ratsifandrihamanana L, Darmstadt GL. Africa is not a museum: the ethics of encouraging new parenting practices in rural communities in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e006218. [PMID: 34266849 PMCID: PMC8286753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nurturing Care Framework for Early Childhood Development urges stakeholders to implement strategies that help children worldwide achieve their developmental potential. Related programmes range from the WHO's and UNICEF's Care for Child Development intervention, implemented in 19 countries, to locally developed programmes, such as non-governmental organisation Tostan's Reinforcement of Parental Practices in Senegal. However, some researchers argue that these programmes are unethical as they impose caregiving practices and values from high-income countries (HICs) on low-income communities, failing to consider local culture, communities' goals for their children and generalisability of scientific findings from HICs. We explore these criticisms within a public health framework, applying principles of beneficence, autonomy and justice to the arguments. To facilitate the change communities themselves desire for their children, we recommend that practitioners codevelop programmes and cooperate with communities in implementation to harness local beliefs and customs and promote evidence-based and locally adapted practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Weber
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Yatma Diop
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Diane Gillespie
- Emeritus, Community Psychology, University of Washington, Bothell, Washington, USA
| | | | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Global Center for Gender Equality, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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18
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Bennetts SK, Love J, Westrupp EM, Hackworth NJ, Mensah FK, Nicholson JM, Levickis P. Protocol for the Adaptation of a Direct Observational Measure of Parent-Child Interaction for Use With 7-8-Year-Old Children. Front Psychol 2021; 11:619336. [PMID: 33551931 PMCID: PMC7857049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.619336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Parenting sensitivity and mutual parent-child attunement are key features of environments that support children’s learning and development. To-date, observational measures of these constructs have focused on children aged 2–6 years and are less relevant to the more sophisticated developmental skills of children aged 7–8 years, despite parenting being equally important at these ages. We undertook a rigorous process to adapt an existing observational measure for 7–8-year-old children and their parents. This paper aimed to: (i) describe a protocol for adapting an existing framework for rating parent-child interactions, (ii) determine variations in parents’ sensitive responding and parent-child mutual attunement (‘positive mutuality’) by family demographics, and (iii) evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly developed measure (i.e., inter-rater reliability, construct validity). Method Parent-child dyads completed one home visit, including a free-play observation and parent questionnaire. Dyads were provided with three toy sets: LEGO® Classic Box, Classic Jenga®, and animal cards. The Coding of Attachment-Related Parenting (CARP) was adapted for use with 7–8-year-old children, and rating procedures were streamlined for reliable use by non-clinician/student raters, producing the SCARP:7–8 Years. Trained staff rated video-recorded observations on 11 behaviors across two domains (five for parents’ sensitive responding, six for parent-child positive mutuality). Results Data were available for 596 dyads. Consistently strong inter-rater agreement on the 11 observed behaviors was achieved across the 10-week rating period (average: 87.6%, range: 71.7% to 96.7%). Average ICCs were 0.77 for sensitive responding and 0.84 for positive mutuality. These domains were found to be related but distinct constructs (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). For both domains, average ratings were strongly associated with the main toy used during the observation (p < 0.001, highest: cards, lowest: LEGO®). Adjusted multivariate linear regression models (accounting for toy choice) revealed that less sensitive responding was associated with younger parent (p = 0.04), male parent (p = 0.03), non-English speaking background (p = 0.04), and greater neighborhood disadvantage (p = 0.02). Construct validity was demonstrated using six parent-reported psychosocial and parenting measures. Conclusion The SCARP: 7–8 Years shows promise as a reliable and valid measure of parent-child interaction in the early school years. Toy selection for direct observation should be considered carefully in research and practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Bennetts
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jasmine Love
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Westrupp
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Naomi J Hackworth
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona K Mensah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Penny Levickis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Cameron-Faulkner T, Malik N, Steele C, Coretta S, Serratrice L, Lieven E. A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Early Prelinguistic Gesture Development and Its Relationship to Language Development. Child Dev 2020; 92:273-290. [PMID: 32757217 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many Western industrialized nations have high levels of ethnic diversity but to date there are very few studies which investigate prelinguistic and early language development in infants from ethnic minority backgrounds. This study tracked the development of infant communicative gestures from 10 to 12 months (n = 59) in three culturally distinct groups in the United Kingdom and measured their relationship, along with maternal utterance frequency and responsiveness, to vocabulary development at 12 and 18 months. No significant differences were found in infant gesture development and maternal responsiveness across the groups, but relationships were identified between gesture, maternal responsiveness, and vocabulary development.
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20
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Klein EM, Brähler E, Petrowski K, Tibubos AN, Ernst M, Wiltink J, Michal M, Wild PS, Schulz A, Münzel T, König J, Lackner K, Pfeiffer N, Beutel ME. The association between recalled parental rearing behavior and depressiveness: a comparison between 1st immigrants and non-immigrants in the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:367. [PMID: 32660581 PMCID: PMC7358206 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in immigrant youth have suggested differences in parenting patterns by immigration status. Knowledge of variation in recalled parenting pattern and its distinctive impact on mental health in adult immigrants, however, is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate similarities and differences in recalled maternal and paternal rearing behavior and its association with depressiveness in adult 1st generation immigrants compared to non-immigrants. METHODS Seven hundred and forty-three 1st generation immigrants (M = 57.4, SD = 10.1 years) and 6518 non-immigrants (M = 60.3, SD = 10.7 years) participated in a population-based study. Regarding countries of origin, the largest subgroups were immigrants from Eastern-Europe, Former-SU, and Arabic-Islamic countries. All participants completed the ultra-short version of The Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior-questionnaire and the PHQ-9 assessing depressiveness. Multiple linear regressions with depressiveness as outcome variable were analyzed separately for each facet of parental rearing behavior adjusting for socio-demographic and migration-related variables. RESULTS In addition to differences in depressiveness and socioeconomic status, 1st generation immigrants recalled both their mothers and fathers as more controlling and overprotecting than non-immigrants. Parental emotional warmth was negatively associated with depressiveness across all groups. The relationship between parental control, respectively parental rejection and depressiveness, however, varied in direction and severity between the groups. CONCLUSION The results support the notion that parental warmth is a universal protective factor against depressiveness, whereas the impact of parental control on mental health might be more culturally influenced. Analyses point to the importance of considering the unique contribution of fathers' rearing behavior on mental health, particularly in immigrant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Klein
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Medical Psychology and Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana N. Tibubos
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Ernst
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltink
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- grid.410607.4Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- grid.410607.4Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Center for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- grid.410607.4Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Lackner
- grid.410607.4Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- grid.410607.4Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Calheiros MM, Silva CS, Magalhães E. Child Maltreatment Severity Questionnaire (MSQ) for Professionals: Development, Validity, and Reliability Evidence. Assessment 2019; 28:1397-1417. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191119890030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the development and validation of the child Maltreatment Severity Questionnaire (MSQ), aiming to contribute to increase the quality and efficiency of evaluation processes in the Child Protection System (CPS). To obtain a valid and reliable instrument, a set of studies was developed: Study 1—Based on two previous studies, the questionnaire was developed and the severity level of the items within maltreatment subtypes was assigned by 93 professionals from the welfare and CPS system. Consensus about the severity levels was assessed and described in terms of within-item reliability rankings; Study 2—The MSQ was filled out for 253 children and adolescents referred to the CPS. To ensure that the items within different subtypes of maltreatment were homogenous and had internal consistency, a reliability analysis was performed; Study 3—The MSQ was filled out for 1,000 children and adolescents referred to the CPS. This study involved testing validity evidence through an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis. We also analyzed the internal consistency, sensibility (i.e., sex and age differences) and concurrent validity of the MSQ. Findings support the adequacy and reliability of the MSQ to be used by CPS professionals in evaluating child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Calheiros
- Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica, Faculdade de Psicologia,Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE–IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Sofia Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica, Faculdade de Psicologia,Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE–IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eunice Magalhães
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE–IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Caserta A, Fabiano GA, Hulme K, Pyle K, Isaacs L, Jerome S. A Waitlist-Controlled Trial of Behavioral Parent Training for Fathers of Preschool Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23794925.2018.1446768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Caserta
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gregory A. Fabiano
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Karen Hulme
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kellina Pyle
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lesthia Isaacs
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Jerome
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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23
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Parenting and sleep in early childhood. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Abstract
The quality of parenting is a complex and multiply determined construct that is strongly influenced by the larger ecological context in which it evolves. A substantial body of literature has documented associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and parenting but has been limited in its consideration of factors that may explain or moderate the nature of this relation. The socioeconomic conditions within which a family lives may powerfully influence parenting through its effects on parental mental health and via differential access to resources. Parents' childrearing knowledge and cultural values may also vary along a socioeconomic gradient, with downstream effects on parenting. Further, both socioeconomic factors and parenting can independently shape children's health and development. A more comprehensive understanding of linkages between SES and parenting may inform preventive intervention efforts to support families from disadvantaged environments.
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