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Ebissa G, Fetene A, Desta H. Comparative analysis of managing plantation forests: The case of keeping plantation forests for carbon credit and industrial profits in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15151. [PMID: 37095960 PMCID: PMC10121802 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-based organizations (CBOs) and individuals primarily engaged in forest management dedicated to carbon credit run both at national and regional levels. After a span of time elapsed in the same, CBOs and individuals aspired to shift the carbon-dedicated forest either into log or timber production based on an informed decision. However, there is no study done so which of these projects is financially more useful to them to make an informed decision. The objective of the study is, therefore, to make comparative analyses of plantation forests for carbon credit, round log and timber. The result has revealed that plantation forest managed for timber production is most attractive and rewarding in year 10 and year 15 both with and without discounting at 3%. Plantation forest managed for timber production enables the creation of a fixed asset than both carbon credit and log production. Plantation forests managed for the carbon credit, log production and timber production have externalities both positive and negative which must be considered while calculating the costs and benefits accrued thereof. There are existing and emerging risks associated with the carbon credit project which shifts from natural (forest) to technological abatement of climate change. The study is critical to understanding the benefits of future plantation forest investment. We, thus, conclude forest managed for timber production is financially more useful for CBOs and individuals than round log and carbon credit. We recommend CBOs and individuals to have adequate information on benefits and risks associated with plantation forests managed for carbon credit, round log and timber production before engaging in the investment.
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Chen X, Luo M, Larjavaara M. Effects of climate and plant functional types on forest above-ground biomass accumulation. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 18:5. [PMID: 36947268 PMCID: PMC10035156 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-023-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forest above-ground biomass (AGB) accumulation is widely considered an important tool for mitigating climate change. However, the general pattern of forest AGB accumulation associated with age and climate gradients across various forest functional types at a global scale have remained unclear. In this study, we compiled a global AGB data set and applied a Bayesian statistical model to reveal the age-related dynamics of forest AGB accumulation, and to quantify the effects of mean annual temperature and annual precipitation on the initial AGB accumulation rate and on the saturated AGB characterizing the limit to AGB accumulation. RESULTS The results of the study suggest that mean annual temperature has a significant positive effect on the initial AGB accumulation rate in needleleaf evergreen forest, and a negative effect in broadleaf deciduous forest; whereas annual precipitation has a positive effect in broadleaf deciduous forest, and negative effect in broadleaf evergreen forest. The positive effect of mean annual temperature on the saturated AGB in broadleaf evergreen forest is greater than in broadleaf deciduous forest; annual precipitation has a greater negative effect on the saturated AGB in deciduous forests than in evergreen forests. Additionally, the difference of AGB accumulation rate across four forest functional types is closely correlated with the forest development stage at a given climate. CONCLUSIONS The contrasting responses of AGB accumulation rate to mean annual temperature and precipitation across four forest functional types emphasizes the importance of incorporating the complexity of forest types into the models which are used in planning climate change mitigation. This study also highlights the high potential for further AGB growth in existing evergreen forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Markku Larjavaara
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Baul TK, Chakraborty A, Nandi R, Mohiuddin M, Kilpeläinen A, Sultana T. Effects of tree species diversity and stand structure on carbon stocks of homestead forests in Maheshkhali Island, Southern Bangladesh. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 16:11. [PMID: 33909182 PMCID: PMC8080351 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-021-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homestead forests of Bangladesh occupy 0.27 million hectares (10% of the total forested area) and have potential to store carbon (C) and conserve biodiversity. Small scale forestry practices, however, are lacking reliable estimation of C stocks and tree species diversity. This may hinder successful implementation of REDD + and similar mechanisms as they concentrate on large-scale forests. This study aimed to estimate the above- and below-ground carbon stocks in homestead forests of Maheshkhali Island in Bangladesh and how tree species diversity and stand structural variation affect these C stocks. We randomly surveyed a total of 239 homestead forests in the hillside, beachside, and inland in 2019. RESULTS Tree biomass C stocks were 48-67% greater in the inland and hillside forests than in the beachside due to significantly greater stand density, basal area, tree diameter. In total we found 52 tree species, but most abundant species in the inland and hillside forests, Mangifera indica, Samanea saman, and Artocarpus heterophyllus stored the most C in tree biomass. Greater tree species richness and diversity index in the inland and hillside forests indicated greater above- and below-ground tree biomass C stocks. An increase in tree species richness and diversity index by one unit was found to increase the tree biomass C stock by 22 and 30 Mg C ha-1, respectively. The total soil C stock was also affected by tree species diversity, stand density, and their interaction with soil properties. Total soil C stocks were greatest (51 Mg ha-1) in the inland forests, having also the greatest stand density and tree species richness. C stock in soil surface was greatest in the hillside forests due to the greatest litterfall, but the average share of litterfall from the total biomass C was only 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS Homestead forest ecosystems could store 96 Mg C ha-1 in total, which can contribute to climate change mitigation by generating C credits for small-scale homestead forests owners. Above- and below-ground tree biomass C stocks were found to correlate with tree species diversity, which may also contribute to biodiversity conservation in the REDD + in Bangladesh and countries alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarit Kumar Baul
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Avinanda Chakraborty
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Rajasree Nandi
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mohiuddin
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Antti Kilpeläinen
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Taslima Sultana
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
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Singh M, Friess DA, Vilela B, Alban JDTD, Monzon AKV, Veridiano RKA, Tumaneng RD. Spatial relationships between above-ground biomass and bird species biodiversity in Palawan, Philippines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186742. [PMID: 29206228 PMCID: PMC5714345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study maps distribution and spatial congruence between Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) and species richness of IUCN listed conservation-dependent and endemic avian fauna in Palawan, Philippines. Grey Level Co-Occurrence Texture Matrices (GLCMs) extracted from Landsat and ALOS-PALSAR were used in conjunction with local field data to model and map local-scale field AGB using the Random Forest algorithm (r = 0.92 and RMSE = 31.33 Mg·ha-1). A support vector regression (SVR) model was used to identify the factors influencing variation in avian species richness at a 1km scale. AGB is one of the most important determinants of avian species richness for the study area. Topographic factors and anthropogenic factors such as distance from the roads were also found to strongly influence avian species richness. Hotspots of high AGB and high species richness concentration were mapped using hotspot analysis and the overlaps between areas of high AGB and avian species richness was calculated. Results show that the overlaps between areas of high AGB with high IUCN red listed avian species richness and endemic avian species richness were fairly limited at 13% and 8% at the 1-km scale. The overlap between 1) low AGB and low IUCN richness, and 2) low AGB and low endemic avian species richness was higher at 36% and 12% respectively. The enhanced capacity to spatially map the correlation between AGB and avian species richness distribution will further assist the conservation and protection of forest areas and threatened avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A. Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1Arts Link, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Vilela
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jose Don T. De Alban
- Fauna & Flora International, Philippines Programme, Tagaytay City, Cavite, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angelica Kristina V. Monzon
- Fauna & Flora International, Philippines Programme, Tagaytay City, Cavite, Philippines
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rizza Karen A. Veridiano
- Fauna & Flora International, Philippines Programme, Tagaytay City, Cavite, Philippines
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute for International Forestry and Forest Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roven D. Tumaneng
- Fauna & Flora International, Philippines Programme, Tagaytay City, Cavite, Philippines
- Emerging Technology Development Division, Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines
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Magnago LFS, Magrach A, Laurance WF, Martins SV, Meira-Neto JAA, Simonelli M, Edwards DP. Would protecting tropical forest fragments provide carbon and biodiversity cobenefits under REDD+? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3455-3468. [PMID: 25832015 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests store vast amounts of carbon and are the most biodiverse terrestrial habitats, yet they are being converted and degraded at alarming rates. Given global shortfalls in the budgets required to prevent carbon and biodiversity loss, we need to seek solutions that simultaneously address both issues. Of particular interest are carbon-based payments under the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism to also conserve biodiversity at no additional cost. One potential is for REDD+ to protect forest fragments, especially within biomes where contiguous forest cover has diminished dramatically, but we require empirical tests of the strength of any carbon and biodiversity cobenefits in such fragmented systems. Using the globally threatened Atlantic Forest landscape, we measured above-ground carbon stocks within forest fragments spanning 13 to 23 442 ha in area and with different degrees of isolation. We related these stocks to tree community structure and to the richness and abundance of endemic and IUCN Red-listed species. We found that increasing fragment size has a positive relationship with above-ground carbon stock and with abundance of IUCN Red-listed species and tree community structure. We also found negative relationships between distance from large forest block and tree community structure, endemic species richness and abundance, and IUCN Red-listed species abundance. These resulted in positive congruence between carbon stocks and Red-listed species, and the abundance and richness of endemic species, demonstrating vital cobenefits. As such, protecting forest fragments in hotspots of biodiversity, particularly larger fragments and those closest to sources, offers important carbon and biodiversity cobenefits. More generally, our results suggest that macroscale models of cobenefits under REDD+ have likely overlooked key benefits at small scales, indicating the necessity to apply models that include finer-grained assessments in fragmented landscapes rather than using averaged coarse-grained cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando S Magnago
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants (LEEP), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Tropical and Marine Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Ainhoa Magrach
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Tropical and Marine Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Tropical and Marine Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Sebastião V Martins
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Augusto A Meira-Neto
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants (LEEP), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Simonelli
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - David P Edwards
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Tropical and Marine Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Carwardine J, Hawkins C, Polglase P, Possingham HP, Reeson A, Renwick AR, Watts M, Martin TG. Spatial Priorities for Restoring Biodiverse Carbon Forests. Bioscience 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Forrest JL, Mascia MB, Pailler S, Abidin SZ, Araujo MD, Krithivasan R, Riveros JC. Tropical Deforestation and Carbon Emissions from Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and Degazettement (PADDD). Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon Pailler
- World Wildlife Fund-US; 1250 24th St NW Washington DC 20037 USA
- Clark University; Department of Economics; 950 Main Street Worcester MA 01610 USA
| | - Siti Zuraidah Abidin
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Malaysia; 1, Jalan PJS 5/28A Petaling Jaya Commercial Centre 46150 Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mara Deza Araujo
- World Wildlife Fund-Peru; Trinidad Moran 853 Lince Lima 14 Peru
- Department of Geography and Geology; 20014 University of Turku Turku Finland
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8
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REDD+ Policy Approaches in the Congo Basin: A Comparative Analysis of Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). FORESTS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/f5102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Veríssimo D, MacMillan DC, Smith RJ, Crees J, Davies ZG. Has Climate Change Taken Prominence over Biodiversity Conservation? Bioscience 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Renwick AR, Robinson CJ, Martin TG, May T, Polglase P, Possingham HP, Carwardine J. Biodiverse planting for carbon and biodiversity on indigenous land. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91281. [PMID: 24637736 PMCID: PMC3956697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon offset mechanisms have been established to mitigate climate change through changes in land management. Regulatory frameworks enable landowners and managers to generate saleable carbon credits on domestic and international markets. Identifying and managing the associated co-benefits and dis-benefits involved in the adoption of carbon offset projects is important for the projects to contribute to the broader goal of sustainable development and the provision of benefits to the local communities. So far it has been unclear how Indigenous communities can benefit from such initiatives. We provide a spatial analysis of the carbon and biodiversity potential of one offset method, planting biodiverse native vegetation, on Indigenous land across Australia. We discover significant potential for opportunities for Indigenous communities to achieve carbon sequestration and biodiversity goals through biodiverse plantings, largely in southern and eastern Australia, but the economic feasibility of these projects depend on carbon market assumptions. Our national scale cost-effectiveness analysis is critical to enable Indigenous communities to maximise the benefits available to them through participation in carbon offset schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Renwick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine J. Robinson
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Ecoscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tara G. Martin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Ecoscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracey May
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Phil Polglase
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Crace, Australia Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Josie Carwardine
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Ecoscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Venter O, Hovani L, Bode M, Possingham H. Acting Optimally for Biodiversity in a World Obsessed with REDD+. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Venter
- School of Biological Sciences; the University of Queensland; St Lucia 4066 Australia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Smithfield QLD 4878 Australia
| | - Lex Hovani
- The Nature Conservancy; Indonesia Program; Jakarta 12160 Indonesia
| | - Michael Bode
- School of Botany; University of Melbourne; VIC 2010 Australia
| | - Hugh Possingham
- The Nature Conservancy; Indonesia Program; Jakarta 12160 Indonesia
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12
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Kessler M, Hertel D, Jungkunst HF, Kluge J, Abrahamczyk S, Bos M, Buchori D, Gerold G, Gradstein SR, Köhler S, Leuschner C, Moser G, Pitopang R, Saleh S, Schulze CH, Sporn SG, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tjitrosoedirdjo SS, Tscharntke T. Can joint carbon and biodiversity management in tropical agroforestry landscapes be optimized? PLoS One 2012; 7:e47192. [PMID: 23077569 PMCID: PMC3471943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing ecosystems for carbon storage may also benefit biodiversity conservation, but such a potential ‘win-win’ scenario has not yet been assessed for tropical agroforestry landscapes. We measured above- and below-ground carbon stocks as well as the species richness of four groups of plants and eight of animals on 14 representative plots in Sulawesi, Indonesia, ranging from natural rainforest to cacao agroforests that have replaced former natural forest. The conversion of natural forests with carbon stocks of 227–362 Mg C ha−1 to agroforests with 82–211 Mg C ha−1 showed no relationships to overall biodiversity but led to a significant loss of forest-related species richness. We conclude that the conservation of the forest-related biodiversity, and to a lesser degree of carbon stocks, mainly depends on the preservation of natural forest habitats. In the three most carbon-rich agroforestry systems, carbon stocks were about 60% of those of natural forest, suggesting that 1.6 ha of optimally managed agroforest can contribute to the conservation of carbon stocks as much as 1 ha of natural forest. However, agroforestry systems had comparatively low biodiversity, and we found no evidence for a tight link between carbon storage and biodiversity. Yet, potential win-win agroforestry management solutions include combining high shade-tree quality which favours biodiversity with cacao-yield adapted shade levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kessler
- Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Hermann F. Jungkunst
- Geoecology/Physical Geography, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kluge
- Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Merijn Bos
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Louis Bolk Institute, LA Driebergen, The Netherlands
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Gerhard Gerold
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S. Robbert Gradstein
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Departement Systématique et Evolution (UMS 602), C.P. 39, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Köhler
- Landscape Ecology and Land Evaluation, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Moser
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ramadhanil Pitopang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | - Shahabuddin Saleh
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia
| | - Christian H. Schulze
- Department of Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sri S. Tjitrosoedirdjo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
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Lindenmayer DB, Hulvey KB, Hobbs RJ, Colyvan M, Felton A, Possingham H, Steffen W, Wilson K, Youngentob K, Gibbons P. Avoiding bio-perversity from carbon sequestration solutions. Conserv Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2011.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Venter O, Koh LP. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+): game changer or just another quick fix? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1249:137-50. [PMID: 22168380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) provides financial compensation to land owners who avoid converting standing forests to other land uses. In this paper, we review the main opportunities and challenges for REDD+ implementation, including expectations for REDD+ to deliver on multiple environmental and societal cobenefits. We also highlight a recent case study, the Norway-Indonesia REDD+ agreement and discuss how it might be a harbinger of outcomes in other forest-rich nations seeking REDD+ funds. Looking forward, we critically examine the fundamental assumptions of REDD+ as a solution for the atmospheric buildup of greenhouse gas emissions and tropical deforestation. We conclude that REDD+ is currently the most promising mechanism driving the conservation of tropical forests. Yet, to emerge as a true game changer, REDD+ must still demonstrate that it can access low transaction cost and high-volume carbon markets or funds, while also providing or complimenting a suite of nonmonetary incentives to encourage a developing nation's transition from forest losing to forest gaining, and align with, not undermine, a globally cohesive attempt to mitigate anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Venter
- Terrestrial Ecology and Sustainability Science and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
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15
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Bode M, Probert W, Turner WR, Wilson KA, Venter O. Conservation planning with multiple organizations and objectives. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2011; 25:295-304. [PMID: 21129029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of conservation organizations worldwide. It is now common for multiple organizations to operate in the same landscape in pursuit of different conservation goals. New objectives, such as maintenance of ecosystem services, will attract additional funding and new organizations to conservation. Systematic conservation planning helps in the design of spatially explicit management actions that optimally conserve multiple landscape features (e.g., species, ecosystems, or ecosystem services). But the methods used in its application implicitly assume that a single actor implements the optimal plan. We investigated how organizational behavior and conservation outcomes are affected by the presence of autonomous implementing organizations with different objectives. We used simulation models and game theory to explore how alternative behaviors (e.g., organizations acting independently or explicitly cooperating) affected an organization's ability to protect their feature of interest, and investigated how the distribution of features in the landscape influenced organizations' attitudes toward cooperation. Features with highly correlated spatial distributions, although typically considered an opportunity for mutually beneficial conservation planning, can lead to organizational interactions that result in lower levels of protection. These detrimental outcomes can be avoided by organizations that cooperate when acquiring land. Nevertheless, for cooperative purchases to benefit both organizations' objectives, each must forgo the protection of land parcels that they would consider to be of high conservation value. Transaction costs incurred during cooperation and the sources of conservation funding could facilitate or hinder cooperative behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bode
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Melbourne, School of Botany, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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16
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Phelps J, Webb EL, Koh LP. Risky business: an uncertain future for biodiversity conservation finance through REDD+. Conserv Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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Paoli GD, Wells PL, Meijaard E, Struebig MJ, Marshall AJ, Obidzinski K, Tan A, Rafiastanto A, Yaap B, Ferry Slik JW, Morel A, Perumal B, Wielaard N, Husson S, D'Arcy L. Biodiversity Conservation in the REDD. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2010; 5:7. [PMID: 21092321 PMCID: PMC3002342 DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics is a major source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The tropics also harbour more than half the world's threatened species, raising the possibility that reducing GHG emissions by curtailing tropical deforestation could provide substantial co-benefits for biodiversity conservation. Here we explore the potential for such co-benefits in Indonesia, a leading source of GHG emissions from land cover and land use change, and among the most species-rich countries in the world. We show that focal ecosystems for interventions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia do not coincide with areas supporting the most species-rich communities or highest concentration of threatened species. We argue that inherent trade-offs among ecosystems in emission reduction potential, opportunity cost of foregone development and biodiversity values will require a regulatory framework to balance emission reduction interventions with biodiversity co-benefit targets. We discuss how such a regulatory framework might function, and caution that pursuing emission reduction strategies without such a framework may undermine, not enhance, long-term prospects for biodiversity conservation in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik Meijaard
- People and Nature Consulting International, Jakarta, Indonesia
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Krystof Obidzinski
- Center for International Forestry and Agricultural Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Aseng Tan
- Fauna and Flora International Indonesia Program, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - JW Ferry Slik
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | | | | | | | - Simon Husson
- The Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, Center for International Cooperation in Tropical Peatlands, Palangkaraya, Indoensia
| | - Laura D'Arcy
- The Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, Center for International Cooperation in Tropical Peatlands, Palangkaraya, Indoensia
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Ghazoul J, Butler RA, Mateo-Vega J, Koh LP. REDD: a reckoning of environment and development implications. Trends Ecol Evol 2010; 25:396-402. [PMID: 20417579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaboury Ghazoul
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1 Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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19
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Strassburg BB, Kelly A, Balmford A, Davies RG, Gibbs HK, Lovett A, Miles L, Orme CDL, Price J, Turner RK, Rodrigues AS. Global congruence of carbon storage and biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. Conserv Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2009.00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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20
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Ricketts TH, Soares-Filho B, da Fonseca GAB, Nepstad D, Pfaff A, Petsonk A, Anderson A, Boucher D, Cattaneo A, Conte M, Creighton K, Linden L, Maretti C, Moutinho P, Ullman R, Victurine R. Indigenous lands, protected areas, and slowing climate change. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000331. [PMID: 20305712 PMCID: PMC2838743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent climate talks in Copenhagen reaffirmed the crucial role of reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD). Creating and strengthening indigenous lands and other protected areas represents an effective, practical, and immediate REDD strategy that addresses both biodiversity and climate crises at once.
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