1
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Girard L, Koh YJ, Koh LP, Chee YL, Chan HL, Lee J, de Mel S, Poon LM, Samuel M. Role of upfront autologous transplant for peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients achieving a complete remission with first-line therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024:10.1038/s41409-024-02254-x. [PMID: 38443704 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus on the role of upfront autologous transplantation (ASCT) for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), especially in patients achieving first complete remission (CR1) following chemotherapy, and data in the literature is conflicting. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to address this question. We searched key databases from January 2000 to February 2022. Six prospective and eleven retrospective studies were included among 2959 unique records. Median follow up in these studies ranged from 22 to 94 months. There was a trend towards benefit in PFS (HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.62-1.05, p = 0.11) and OS (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.57-1.09, p = 0.15) in the ASCT compared to chemotherapy only group. Importantly, in transplant eligible patients in CR1, a significant benefit was demonstrated in both OS (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.95, p = 0.03) and PFS (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.47-0.81, p = 0.0004) in the ASCT group. Amongst the nodal PTCL subgroups, ASCT showed a significant PFS benefit for the AITL subgroup (HR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.94, p < 0.03) but not PTCL-NOS or ALK-ve ALCL subgroups. Our findings support upfront ASCT for transplant eligible PTCL patients achieving CR1 post chemotherapy. In particular, patients with AITL exhibited a significantly better PFS after upfront ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Girard
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, National Health Service Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Y J Koh
- University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - L P Koh
- Department of Haematology Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y L Chee
- Department of Haematology Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H L Chan
- Department of Haematology Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Lee
- Department of Haematology Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S de Mel
- Department of Haematology Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L M Poon
- Department of Haematology Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - M Samuel
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Teo HC, Tan NHL, Zheng Q, Lim AJY, Sreekar R, Chen X, Zhou Y, Sarira TV, De Alban JDT, Tang H, Friess DA, Koh LP. Uncertainties in deforestation emission baseline methodologies and implications for carbon markets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8277. [PMID: 38092814 PMCID: PMC10719246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon credits generated through jurisdictional-scale avoided deforestation projects require accurate estimates of deforestation emission baselines, but there are serious challenges to their robustness. We assessed the variability, accuracy, and uncertainty of baselining methods by applying sensitivity and variable importance analysis on a range of typically-used methods and parameters for 2,794 jurisdictions worldwide. The median jurisdiction's deforestation emission baseline varied by 171% (90% range: 87%-440%) of its mean, with a median forecast error of 0.778 times (90% range: 0.548-3.56) the actual deforestation rate. Moreover, variable importance analysis emphasised the strong influence of the deforestation projection approach. For the median jurisdiction, 68.0% of possible methods (90% range: 61.1%-85.6%) exceeded 15% uncertainty. Tropical and polar biomes exhibited larger uncertainties in carbon estimations. The use of sensitivity analyses, multi-model, and multi-source ensemble approaches could reduce variabilities and biases. These findings provide a roadmap for improving baseline estimations to enhance carbon market integrity and trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong Chen Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Hui Li Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiming Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Annabel Jia Yi Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiao Chen
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tasya Vadya Sarira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jose Don T De Alban
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Tang
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Zheng Q, Ha T, Prishchepov AV, Zeng Y, Yin H, Koh LP. The neglected role of abandoned cropland in supporting both food security and climate change mitigation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6083. [PMID: 37770491 PMCID: PMC10539403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the looming land scarcity for agriculture, cropland abandonment is widespread globally. Abandoned cropland can be reused to support food security and climate change mitigation. Here, we investigate the potentials and trade-offs of using global abandoned cropland for recultivation and restoring forests by natural regrowth, with spatially-explicit modelling and scenario analysis. We identify 101 Mha of abandoned cropland between 1992 and 2020, with a capability of concurrently delivering 29 to 363 Peta-calories yr-1 of food production potential and 290 to 1,066 MtCO2 yr-1 of net climate change mitigation potential, depending on land-use suitability and land allocation strategies. We also show that applying spatial prioritization is key to maximizing the achievable potentials of abandoned cropland and demonstrate other possible approaches to further increase these potentials. Our findings offer timely insights into the potentials of abandoned cropland and can inform sustainable land management to buttress food security and climate goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zheng
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
| | - Tim Ha
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Alexander V Prishchepov
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, København K, Denmark
- Center for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - He Yin
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
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4
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Lamba A, Teo HC, Sreekar R, Zeng Y, Carrasco LR, Koh LP. Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1104-1113. [PMID: 37231303 PMCID: PMC10333118 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation is increasingly being recognized as an important co-benefit in climate change mitigation programmes that use nature-based climate solutions. However, the climate co-benefits of biodiversity conservation interventions, such as habitat protection and restoration, remain understudied. Here we estimate the forest carbon storage co-benefits of a national policy intervention for tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation in India. We used a synthetic control approach to model avoided forest loss and associated carbon emissions reductions in protected areas that underwent enhanced protection for tiger conservation. Over a third of the analysed reserves showed significant but mixed effects, where 24% of all reserves successfully reduced the rate of deforestation and the remaining 9% reported higher-than-expected forest loss. The policy had a net positive benefit with over 5,802 hectares of averted forest loss, corresponding to avoided emissions of 1.08 ± 0.51 MtCO2 equivalent between 2007 and 2020. This translated to US$92.55 ± 43.56 million in ecosystem services from the avoided social cost of emissions and potential revenue of US$6.24 ± 2.94 million in carbon offsets. Our findings offer an approach to quantitatively track the carbon sequestration co-benefits of a species conservation strategy and thus help align the objectives of climate action and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Lamba
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hoong Chen Teo
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luis Roman Carrasco
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Teo HC, Raghavan SV, He X, Zeng Z, Cheng Y, Luo X, Lechner AM, Ashfold MJ, Lamba A, Sreekar R, Zheng Q, Chen A, Koh LP. Large-scale reforestation can increase water yield and reduce drought risk for water-insecure regions in the Asia-Pacific. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6385-6403. [PMID: 36054815 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale reforestation can potentially bring both benefits and risks to the water cycle, which needs to be better quantified under future climates to inform reforestation decisions. We identified 477 water-insecure basins worldwide accounting for 44.6% (380.2 Mha) of the global reforestation potential. As many of these basins are in the Asia-Pacific, we used regional coupled land-climate modeling for the period 2041-2070 to reveal that reforestation increases evapotranspiration and precipitation for most water-insecure regions over the Asia-Pacific. This resulted in a statistically significant increase in water yield (p < .05) for the Loess Plateau-North China Plain, Yangtze Plain, Southeast China, and Irrawaddy regions. Precipitation feedback was influenced by the degree of initial moisture limitation affecting soil moisture response and thus evapotranspiration, as well as precipitation advection from other reforested regions and moisture transport away from the local region. Reforestation also reduces the probability of extremely dry months in most of the water-insecure regions. However, some regions experience nonsignificant declines in net water yield due to heightened evapotranspiration outstripping increases in precipitation, or declines in soil moisture and advected precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong Chen Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srivatsan V Raghavan
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang He
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Cheng
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering & Management, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex M Lechner
- Urban Transformations Hub, Monash University Indonesia, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Matthew J Ashfold
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Aakash Lamba
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiming Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anping Chen
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Zheng Q, Siman K, Zeng Y, Teo HC, Sarira TV, Sreekar R, Koh LP. Future land-use competition constrains natural climate solutions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156409. [PMID: 35660585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural climate solutions (NCS) are an essential complement to climate mitigation and have been increasingly incorporated into international mitigation strategies. Yet, with the ongoing population growth, allocating natural areas for NCS may compete with other socioeconomic priorities, especially urban development and food security. Here, we projected the impacts of land-use competition incurred by cropland and urban expansion on the climate mitigation potential of NCS. We mapped the areas available for implementing 9 key NCS strategies and estimated their climate change mitigation potential. Then, we overlaid these areas with future cropland and urban expansion maps projected under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (2020-2100) and calculated the resulting mitigation potential loss of each selected NCS strategy. Our results estimate a substantial reduction, 0.3-2.8 GtCO2 yr-1 or 4-39 %, in NCS mitigation potential, of which cropland expansion for fulfilling future food demand is the primary cause. This impact is particularly severe in the tropics where NCS hold the most abundant mitigation potential. Our findings highlight immediate actions prioritized to tropical areas are important to best realize NCS and are key to developing realistic and sustainable climate policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zheng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore.
| | - Kelly Siman
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Hoong Chen Teo
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Tasya Vadya Sarira
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
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7
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Zeng Y, Koh LP, Wilcove DS. Gains in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services from the expansion of the planet's protected areas. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl9885. [PMID: 35648855 PMCID: PMC9159568 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas safeguard biodiversity, ensure ecosystem functioning, and deliver ecosystem services to communities. However, only ~16% of the world's land area is under some form of protection, prompting international calls to protect at least 30% by 2030. We modeled the outcomes of achieving this 30 × 30 target for terrestrial biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and nutrient regulation. We find that the additional ~2.8 million ha of habitat that would be protected would benefit 1134 ± 175 vertebrate species whose habitats currently lack any form of protection, as well as contribute to either avoided carbon emissions or carbon dioxide sequestration, equivalent to 10.9 ± 3.6 GtCO2 year-1 (28.4 ± 9.4% of the global nature-based climate-change mitigation potential). Furthermore, expansion of the protected area network would increase its ability to regulate water quality and mitigate nutrient pollution by 142.5 ± 31.0 MtN year-1 (28.5 ± 6.2% of the global nutrient regulation potential).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zeng
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (L.P.K.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (L.P.K.); (D.S.W.)
| | - David S. Wilcove
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (L.P.K.); (D.S.W.)
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8
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Gaisberger H, Fremout T, Kettle CJ, Vinceti B, Kemalasari D, Kanchanarak T, Thomas E, Serra-Diaz JM, Svenning JC, Slik F, Eiadthong W, Palanisamy K, Ravikanth G, Bodos V, Sang J, Warrier RR, Wee AKS, Elloran C, Ramos LT, Henry M, Hossain MA, Theilade I, Laegaard S, Bandara KMA, Weerasinghe DP, Changtragoon S, Yuskianti V, Wilkie P, Nghia NH, Elliott S, Pakkad G, Tiansawat P, Maycock C, Bounithiphonh C, Mohamed R, Nazre M, Siddiqui BN, Lee SL, Lee CT, Zakaria NF, Hartvig I, Lehmann L, David DBD, Lillesø JPB, Phourin C, Yongqi Z, Ping H, Volkaert HA, Graudal L, Hamidi A, Thea S, Sreng S, Boshier D, Tolentino E, Ratnam W, Aung MM, Galante M, Isa SFM, Dung NQ, Hoa TT, Le TC, Miah MD, Zuhry ALM, Alawathugoda D, Azman A, Pushpakumara G, Sumedi N, Siregar IZ, Nak HK, Linsky J, Barstow M, Koh LP, Jalonen R. Tropical and subtropical Asia's valued tree species under threat. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13873. [PMID: 34865262 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tree diversity in Asia's tropical and subtropical forests is central to nature-based solutions. Species vulnerability to multiple threats, which affect provision of ecosystem services, is poorly understood. We conducted a region-wide, spatially explicit assessment of the vulnerability of 63 socioeconomically important tree species to overexploitation, fire, overgrazing, habitat conversion, and climate change. Trees were selected for assessment from national priority lists, and selections were validated by an expert network representing 20 countries. We used Maxent suitability modeling to predict species distribution ranges, freely accessible spatial data sets to map threat exposures, and functional traits to estimate threat sensitivities. Species-specific vulnerability maps were created as the product of exposure maps and sensitivity estimates. Based on vulnerability to current threats and climate change, we identified priority areas for conservation and restoration. Overall, 74% of the most important areas for conservation of these trees fell outside protected areas, and all species were severely threatened across an average of 47% of their native ranges. The most imminent threats were overexploitation and habitat conversion; populations were severely threatened by these factors in an average of 24% and 16% of their ranges, respectively. Our model predicted limited overall climate change impacts, although some study species were likely to lose over 15% of their habitat by 2050 due to climate change. We pinpointed specific natural areas in Borneo rain forests as hotspots for in situ conservation of forest genetic resources, more than 82% of which fell outside designated protected areas. We also identified degraded areas in Western Ghats, Indochina dry forests, and Sumatran rain forests as hotspots for restoration, where planting or assisted natural regeneration will help conserve these species, and croplands in southern India and Thailand as potentially important agroforestry options. Our results highlight the need for regionally coordinated action for effective conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gaisberger
- Bioversity International, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Fremout
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Bioversity International, La Molina, Peru
| | - Chris J Kettle
- Bioversity International, Rome, Italy
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Della Kemalasari
- Bioversity International, Universiti Putra Malaysia Off Lebuh Silikon, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tania Kanchanarak
- Bioversity International, Universiti Putra Malaysia Off Lebuh Silikon, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ferry Slik
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | | | | | - Vilma Bodos
- Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Baitul Makmur II, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Julia Sang
- Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Baitul Makmur II, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Rekha R Warrier
- Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alison K S Wee
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Matieu Henry
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Akhter Hossain
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ida Theilade
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - K M A Bandara
- Sri Lanka Forestry Institute, Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Vivi Yuskianti
- Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Stephen Elliott
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Biology Department and Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Greuk Pakkad
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Biology Department and Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimonrat Tiansawat
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Biology Department and Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Colin Maycock
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Chaloun Bounithiphonh
- Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Xaythany District, Lao P.D.R
| | - Rozi Mohamed
- Faculty of Forestry & Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M Nazre
- Faculty of Forestry & Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Soon-Leong Lee
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Ting Lee
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhanah Zakaria
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ida Hartvig
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lutz Lehmann
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Chhang Phourin
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Khan Sen Sokh, Cambodia
| | - Zheng Yongqi
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Ping
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Hugo A Volkaert
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University Kamphaengsaen Campus, Mu6 Malaimaen Rd, Kamphaengsaen Nakhonpathom 73140, Thailand, Lat Yao, Thailand
| | - Lars Graudal
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arief Hamidi
- Fauna and Flora International, Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - So Thea
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Khan Sen Sokh, Cambodia
| | - Sineath Sreng
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Khan Sen Sokh, Cambodia
| | | | - Enrique Tolentino
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Mu Mu Aung
- Forest Department Myanmar, Mon State, Myanmar
| | - Michael Galante
- Climate Forestry Limited, Kensington Gardens, Labuan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Md Isa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nguyen Quoc Dung
- Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Quy hoạch Rừng, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Hoa
- Institute of Agricultural Genetics (AGI), Forest Genetics and Conservation, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Chan Le
- Institute of Agricultural Genetics (AGI), Forest Genetics and Conservation, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Amelia Azman
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Sumedi
- Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Hong Kyung Nak
- Forest Bioinformation Division, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFOS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Linsky
- Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Megan Barstow
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Riina Jalonen
- Bioversity International, Universiti Putra Malaysia Off Lebuh Silikon, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Stenhouse A, Perry T, Grützner F, Rismiller P, Koh LP, Lewis M. COVID restrictions impact wildlife monitoring in Australia. Biol Conserv 2022; 267:109470. [PMID: 35136243 PMCID: PMC8814614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has imposed restrictions on people's movement, work and access to places at multiple international, national and sub-national scales. We need a better understanding of how the varied restrictions have impacted wildlife monitoring as gaps in data continuity caused by these disruptions may limit future data use and analysis. To assess the effect of different levels of COVID-19 restrictions on both citizen science and traditional wildlife monitoring, we analyse observational records of a widespread and iconic monotreme, the Australian short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), in three states of Australia. We compare citizen science to observations from biodiversity data repositories across the three states by analysing numbers of observations, coverage in protected areas, and geographic distribution using an index of remoteness and accessibility. We analyse the effect of restriction levels by comparing these data from each restriction level in 2020 with corresponding periods in 2018-2019. Our results indicate that stricter and longer restrictions reduced numbers of scientific observations while citizen science showed few effects, though there is much variation due to differences in restriction levels in each state. Geographic distribution and coverage of protected and non-protected areas were also reduced for scientific monitoring while citizen science observations were little affected. This study shows that citizen science can continue to record accurate and widely distributed species observational data, despite pandemic restrictions, and thus demonstrates the potential value of citizen science to other researchers who require reliable data during periods of disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Stenhouse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tahlia Perry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Frank Grützner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peggy Rismiller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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10
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Stenhouse A, Perry T, Grützner F, Lewis M, Koh LP. EchidnaCSI – Improving monitoring of a cryptic species at continental scale using Citizen Science. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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11
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Zeng Y, Friess DA, Sarira TV, Siman K, Koh LP. Global potential and limits of mangrove blue carbon for climate change mitigation. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1737-1743.e3. [PMID: 33600768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the outsized role of mangrove forests in sustaining biodiversity, ecosystem function, and local livelihoods, the protection of these vital habitats through blue carbon financing has been limited.1,2 Here, we quantify the extent of this missed conservation and financial opportunity, showing that the protection of ∼20% of the world's mangrove forests (2.6 Mha) can be funded through carbon financing. Of these investible areas, 1.1-1.3 Mha can be financially sustainable over a 30-year time frame based on carbon prices of US$5-9.4 t-1CO2e. This contributes up to 29.8 MtCO2e year-1 and yields a return on investment of ∼US$3.7 billion per year. Our results point toward a disproportionately large potential of blue carbon finance that can be leveraged to meet national-level climate mitigation goals, particularly if combined with other conservation interventions that further safeguard carbon stocks and biodiversity in these irreplaceable forests. Robust information on return on investment highlights the potential for currently underutilized tropical coastal carbon credit projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zeng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore.
| | - Tasya Vadya Sarira
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kelly Siman
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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12
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Mair L, Bennun LA, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Bolam FC, Burgess ND, Ekstrom JMM, Milner-Gulland EJ, Hoffmann M, Ma K, Macfarlane NBW, Raimondo DC, Rodrigues ASL, Shen X, Strassburg BBN, Beatty CR, Gómez-Creutzberg C, Iribarrem A, Irmadhiany M, Lacerda E, Mattos BC, Parakkasi K, Tognelli MF, Bennett EL, Bryan C, Carbone G, Chaudhary A, Eiselin M, da Fonseca GAB, Galt R, Geschke A, Glew L, Goedicke R, Green JMH, Gregory RD, Hill SLL, Hole DG, Hughes J, Hutton J, Keijzer MPW, Navarro LM, Nic Lughadha E, Plumptre AJ, Puydarrieux P, Possingham HP, Rankovic A, Regan EC, Rondinini C, Schneck JD, Siikamäki J, Sendashonga C, Seutin G, Sinclair S, Skowno AL, Soto-Navarro CA, Stuart SN, Temple HJ, Vallier A, Verones F, Viana LR, Watson J, Bezeng S, Böhm M, Burfield IJ, Clausnitzer V, Clubbe C, Cox NA, Freyhof J, Gerber LR, Hilton-Taylor C, Jenkins R, Joolia A, Joppa LN, Koh LP, Lacher TE, Langhammer PF, Long B, Mallon D, Pacifici M, Polidoro BA, Pollock CM, Rivers MC, Roach NS, Rodríguez JP, Smart J, Young BE, Hawkins F, McGowan PJK. A metric for spatially explicit contributions to science-based species targets. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:836-844. [PMID: 33833421 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will probably include a goal to stabilize and restore the status of species. Its delivery would be facilitated by making the actions required to halt and reverse species loss spatially explicit. Here, we develop a species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric that is scalable across species, threats and geographies. STAR quantifies the contributions that abating threats and restoring habitats in specific places offer towards reducing extinction risk. While every nation can contribute towards halting biodiversity loss, Indonesia, Colombia, Mexico, Madagascar and Brazil combined have stewardship over 31% of total STAR values for terrestrial amphibians, birds and mammals. Among actions, sustainable crop production and forestry dominate, contributing 41% of total STAR values for these taxonomic groups. Key Biodiversity Areas cover 9% of the terrestrial surface but capture 47% of STAR values. STAR could support governmental and non-state actors in quantifying their contributions to meeting science-based species targets within the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mair
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Leon A Bennun
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.,World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stuart H M Butchart
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
| | - Friederike C Bolam
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil D Burgess
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.,GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Domitilla C Raimondo
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.,IUCN Species Survival Commission, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ana S L Rodrigues
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Craig R Beatty
- IUCN, Washington DC, USA.,World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Alvaro Iribarrem
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Lacerda
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo F Tognelli
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.,IUCN-Conservation International Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxime Eiselin
- IUCN National Committee of The Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Arne Geschke
- Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Romie Goedicke
- IUCN National Committee of The Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M H Green
- Stockholm Environment Institute York, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Richard D Gregory
- RSPB, Sandy, UK.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha L L Hill
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Hughes
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marco P W Keijzer
- IUCN National Committee of The Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laetitia M Navarro
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Plumptre
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Key Biodiversity Areas Secretariat, BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hugh P Possingham
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Rankovic
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, France
| | - Eugenie C Regan
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.,Springer Nature, London, UK
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Programme, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew L Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carolina A Soto-Navarro
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.,Luc Hoffmann Institute, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Simon N Stuart
- Synchronicity Earth, London, UK.,IUCN Species Survival Commission, Bath, UK.,A Rocha International, London, UK
| | | | | | - Francesca Verones
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leonardo R Viana
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.,Sustainable Forestry Initiative Inc., Washington DC, USA
| | - James Watson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York City, NY, USA.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simeon Bezeng
- BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Colin Clubbe
- Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK
| | - Neil A Cox
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.,IUCN-Conservation International Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leah R Gerber
- Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas E Lacher
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Penny F Langhammer
- Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Barney Long
- Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David Mallon
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michela Pacifici
- Global Mammal Assessment Programme, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Beth A Polidoro
- Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Malin C Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK
| | - Nicolette S Roach
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jon Paul Rodríguez
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Caracas, Venezuela.,Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Investigation (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.,Provita, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Philip J K McGowan
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Procheş Ş, Ramdhani S, Hughes AC, Koh LP. Southeast Asia as One of World’s Primary Sources of Biotic Recolonization Following Anthropocene Extinctions. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.634711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plight of Southeast Asia’s animals, plants and ecosystems in the face of unsustainable exploitation and habitat destruction has been illustrated in several recent studies, despite often falling outside the global discourse on global conservation priorities. Here, we collate biogeographic and phylogenetic information to argue that this beleaguered region is one of world’s primary macrorefugia, and possibly its best chance of regaining its natural biodiversity distribution patterns after the current Anthropocene upheaval. The region uniquely combines top diversity values in (a) ancient lineage diversity and (b) cosmopolitan lineage diversity, suggesting that it has acted in the past as a biodiversity museum and source of global colonization. This is at least partly due to the interplay between latitudinal diversity gradients and continental connectivity patterns. However, the peak values in South China/North Indochina for cosmopolitan tetrapods and their sister lineages suggest that a key feature is also the availability of diverse climatic conditions. In particular, the north-south orientation of the mountain ranges here has allowed for rapid recolonization within the region following past climatic changes, resulting in high survival values and overall exceptional relict lineage diversity. From this starting point, global colonization occurred on multiple occasions. It is hoped that, with urgent action, the region can once again fulfill this function.
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14
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. Nat Plants 2020; 6:1418-1426. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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15
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. Nat Plants 2020. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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16
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Abstract
The last decade has transformed the field of artificial intelligence, with deep learning at the forefront of this development. With its ability to 'self-learn' discriminative patterns directly from data, deep learning is a promising computational approach for automating the classification of visual, spatial and acoustic information in the context of environmental conservation. Here, we first highlight the current and future applications of supervised deep learning in environmental conservation. Next, we describe a number of technical and implementation-related challenges that can potentially impede the real-world adoption of this technology in conservation programmes. Lastly, to mitigate these pitfalls, we discuss priorities for guiding future research and hope that these recommendations will help make this technology more accessible to environmental scientists and conservation practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Lamba
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
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17
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Sarira TV, Clarke K, Weinstein P, Koh LP, Lewis M. Rapid identification of shallow inundation for mosquito disease mitigation using drone-derived multispectral imagery. Geospat Health 2020; 15. [PMID: 32575964 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2020.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito breeding habitat identification often relies on slow, labour-intensive and expensive ground surveys. With advances in remote sensing and autonomous flight technologies, we endeavoured to accelerate this detection by assessing the effectiveness of a drone multispectral imaging system to determine areas of shallow inundation in an intertidal saltmarsh in South Australia. Through laboratory experiments, we characterised Near-Infrared (NIR) reflectance responses to water depth and vegetation cover, and established a reflectance threshold for mapping water sufficiently deep for potential mosquito breeding. We then applied this threshold to field-acquired drone imagery and used simultaneous in-situ observations to assess its mapping accuracy. A NIR reflectance threshold of 0.2 combined with a vegetation mask derived from Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) resulted in a mapping accuracy of 80.3% with a Cohen's Kappa of 0.5, with confusion between vegetation and shallow water depths (< 10 cm) appearing to be major causes of error. This high degree of mapping accuracy was achieved with affordable drone equipment, and commercially available sensors and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, demonstrating the efficiency of such an approach to identify shallow inundation likely to be suitable for mosquito breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.
| | - Philip Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore.
| | - Megan Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.
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18
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Corlett RT, Primack RB, Devictor V, Maas B, Goswami VR, Bates AE, Koh LP, Regan TJ, Loyola R, Pakeman RJ, Cumming GS, Pidgeon A, Johns D, Roth R. Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 2020; 246:108571. [PMID: 32292203 PMCID: PMC7139249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard B Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vincent Devictor
- ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracey J Regan
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land Water and Planning, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Rafael Loyola
- Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Graeme S Cumming
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Anna Pidgeon
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Johns
- School of Government, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Robin Roth
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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19
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Sreekar R, Koh LP, Mammides C, Corlett RT, Dayananda S, Goodale UM, Kotagama SW, Goodale E. Drivers of bird beta diversity in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot are scale dependent: roles of land use, climate, and distance. Oecologia 2020; 193:801-809. [PMID: 32447456 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last 50 years, intensive agriculture has replaced large tracts of rainforests. Such changes in land use are driving niche-based ecological processes that determine local community assembly. However, little is known about the relative importance of these anthropogenic niche-based processes, in comparison to climatic niche-based processes and spatial processes such as dispersal limitation. In this study, we use a variation partitioning approach to determine the relative importance of land-use change (ranked value of forest loss), climatic variation (temperature and precipitation), and distance between transects, on bird beta diversity at two different spatial scales within the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Our results show that the drivers of local community assembly are scale dependent. At the larger spatial scale, distance was more important than climate and land use for bird species composition, suggesting that dispersal limitation over the Palk Strait, which separates the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, is the main driver of local community assembly. At the smaller scale, climate was more important than land use, suggesting the importance of climatic niches. Therefore, to conserve all species in a biodiversity hotspot, it is important to consider geographic barriers and climatic variation along with land-use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christos Mammides
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Salindra Dayananda
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Foundation for Nature Conservation and Preservation, Panadura, 12500, Sri Lanka
| | - Uromi M Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Sarath W Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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20
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Edwards DP, Socolar JB, Mills SC, Burivalova Z, Koh LP, Wilcove DS. Conservation of Tropical Forests in the Anthropocene. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R1008-R1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Nguyen HV, Chesser M, Koh LP, Rezatofighi SH, Ranasinghe DC. TrackerBots: Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle for real‐time localization and tracking of multiple radio‐tagged animals. J FIELD ROBOT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/rob.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Van Nguyen
- School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michael Chesser
- School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - S. Hamid Rezatofighi
- School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Damith C. Ranasinghe
- School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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22
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Pandong J, Gumal M, Alen L, Sidu A, Ng S, Koh LP. Population estimates of Bornean orang-utans using Bayesian analysis at the greater Batang Ai-Lanjak-Entimau landscape in Sarawak, Malaysia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15672. [PMID: 30353034 PMCID: PMC6199283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of Bayesian analysis into existing great ape survey methods could be used to generate precise and reliable population estimates of Bornean orang-utans. We used the Marked Nest Count (MNC) method to count new orang-utan nests at seven previously undocumented study sites in Sarawak, Malaysia. Our survey teams marked new nests on the first survey and revisited the plots on two more occasions; after about 21 and 42 days respectively. We used the N-mixture models to integrate suitability, abundance and detection models which account for zero inflation and imperfect detection for the analysis. The result was a combined estimate of 355 orang-utans with the 95% highest density interval (HDI) of 135 to 602 individuals. We visually inspected the posterior distributions of our parameters and compared precisions between study sites. We subsequently assess the strength or reliability of the generated estimates using identifiability tests. Only three out of the seven estimates had <35% overlap to indicate strong reliability. We discussed the limitations and advantages of our study design, and made recommendations to improve the sampling scheme. Over the course of this research, two of the study sites were gazetted as extensions to the Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary for orang-utan conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pandong
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Melvin Gumal
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lukmann Alen
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.,WWF Malaysia, Bangunan Binamas 7th Floor, Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ailyn Sidu
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.,WWF Malaysia, Bangunan Binamas 7th Floor, Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sylvia Ng
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,Conservation International, 3131 East Madison Street, Suite 201, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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23
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Sreekar R, Katabuchi M, Nakamura A, Corlett RT, Slik JWF, Fletcher C, He F, Weiblen GD, Shen G, Xu H, Sun IF, Cao K, Ma K, Chang LW, Cao M, Jiang M, Gunatilleke IAUN, Ong P, Yap S, Gunatilleke CVS, Novotny V, Brockelman WY, Xiang W, Mi X, Li X, Wang X, Qiao X, Li Y, Tan S, Condit R, Harrison RD, Koh LP. Spatial scale changes the relationship between beta diversity, species richness and latitude. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:181168. [PMID: 30839691 PMCID: PMC6170539 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between β-diversity and latitude still remains to be a core question in ecology because of the lack of consensus between studies. One hypothesis for the lack of consensus between studies is that spatial scale changes the relationship between latitude and β-diversity. Here, we test this hypothesis using tree data from 15 large-scale forest plots (greater than or equal to 15 ha, diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm) across a latitudinal gradient (3-30o) in the Asia-Pacific region. We found that the observed β-diversity decreased with increasing latitude when sampling local tree communities at small spatial scale (grain size ≤0.1 ha), but the observed β-diversity did not change with latitude when sampling at large spatial scales (greater than or equal to 0.25 ha). Differences in latitudinal β-diversity gradients across spatial scales were caused by pooled species richness (γ-diversity), which influenced observed β-diversity values at small spatial scales, but not at large spatial scales. Therefore, spatial scale changes the relationship between β-diversity, γ-diversity and latitude, and improving sample representativeness avoids the γ-dependence of β-diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia,Australia
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - J. W. Ferry Slik
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Christine Fletcher
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor 52109, Malaysia
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2G7
| | - George D. Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Guochun Shen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wan Chang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Perry Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
| | - Sandra Yap
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Science Park, Klongluang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wusheng Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Center for Tropical Forest Science – Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science – Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Rhett D. Harrison
- Agroforestry Centre, East and Southern Africa Region, 13 Elm Road, Woodlands, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia,Australia
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24
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Buchanan GM, Beresford AE, Hebblewhite M, Escobedo FJ, De Klerk HM, Donald PF, Escribano P, Koh LP, Martínez-López J, Pettorelli N, Skidmore AK, Szantoi Z, Tabor K, Wegmann M, Wich S. Free satellite data key to conservation. Science 2018; 361:139-140. [PMID: 30002246 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Buchanan
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH, UK.
| | - A E Beresford
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH, UK
| | - M Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - F J Escobedo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, 11122, Colombia
| | - H M De Klerk
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - P F Donald
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - P Escribano
- CAESCG, University of Almería, Cañada de San Urbano s/n 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L P Koh
- Betty & Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - J Martínez-López
- BC3-Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - N Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - A K Skidmore
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Z Szantoi
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - K Tabor
- Betty & Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - M Wegmann
- Institute of Geography and Geology, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake M. Allan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Dale G. Nimmo
- Institute for Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales 2640 Australia
| | - Daniel Ierodiaconou
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Warrnambool Victoria 3280 Australia
| | - Jeremy VanDerWal
- eResearch Centre Division of Research and Innovation James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
- Centre for Tropical Biodiversity & Climate Change College of Marine and Ecosystem Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia
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26
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Hodgson JC, Mott R, Baylis SM, Pham TT, Wotherspoon S, Kilpatrick AD, Raja Segaran R, Reid I, Terauds A, Koh LP. Drones count wildlife more accurately and precisely than humans. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod C. Hodgson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Rowan Mott
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - Shane M. Baylis
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - Trung T. Pham
- School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Simon Wotherspoon
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
- Australian Antarctic DivisionDepartment of the Environment and EnergyAntarctic Conservation and Management Kingston Tas. Australia
| | - Adam D. Kilpatrick
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | | | - Ian Reid
- School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Aleks Terauds
- Australian Antarctic DivisionDepartment of the Environment and EnergyAntarctic Conservation and Management Kingston Tas. Australia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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27
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Sreekar R, Corlett RT, Dayananda S, Goodale UM, Kilpatrick A, Kotagama SW, Koh LP, Goodale E. Horizontal and vertical species turnover in tropical birds in habitats with differing land use. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2017.0186. [PMID: 28539462 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large tracts of tropical rainforests are being converted into intensive agricultural lands. Such anthropogenic disturbances are known to reduce species turnover across horizontal distances. But it is not known if they can also reduce species turnover across vertical distances (elevation), which have steeper climatic differences. We measured turnover in birds across horizontal and vertical sampling transects in three land-use types of Sri Lanka: protected forest, reserve buffer and intensive-agriculture, from 90 to 2100 m a.s.l. Bird turnover rates across horizontal distances were similar across all habitats, and much less than vertical turnover rates. Vertical turnover rates were not similar across habitats. Forest had higher turnover rates than the other two habitats for all bird species. Buffer and intensive-agriculture had similar turnover rates, even though buffer habitats were situated at the forest edge. Therefore, our results demonstrate the crucial importance of conserving primary forest across the full elevational range available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Salindra Dayananda
- Foundation for Nature Conservation and Preservation, Panadura 12500, Sri Lanka.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation (under state evaluation status), College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation (under state evaluation status), College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Adam Kilpatrick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Sarath W Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation (under state evaluation status), College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Manish K, Pandit MK, Telwala Y, Nautiyal DC, Koh LP, Tiwari S. Elevational plant species richness patterns and their drivers across non-endemics, endemics and growth forms in the Eastern Himalaya. J Plant Res 2017; 130:829-844. [PMID: 28444520 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, ecologists continue to debate how spatial patterns of species richness arise across elevational gradients on the Earth. The equivocal results of these studies could emanate from variations in study design, sampling effort and data analysis. In this study, we demonstrate that the richness patterns of 2,781 (2,197 non-endemic and 584 endemic) angiosperm species along an elevational gradient of 300-5,300 m in the Eastern Himalaya are hump-shaped, spatial scale of extent (the proportion of elevational gradient studied) dependent and growth form specific. Endemics peaked at higher elevations than non-endemics across all growth forms (trees, shrubs, climbers, and herbs). Richness patterns were influenced by the proportional representation of the largest physiognomic group (herbs). We show that with increasing spatial scale of extent, the richness patterns change from a monotonic to a hump-shaped pattern and richness maxima shift toward higher elevations across all growth forms. Our investigations revealed that the combination of ambient energy (air temperature, solar radiation, and potential evapo-transpiration) and water availability (soil water content and precipitation) were the main drivers of elevational plant species richness patterns in the Himalaya. This study highlights the importance of factoring in endemism, growth forms, and spatial scale when investigating elevational gradients of plant species distributions and advances our understanding of how macroecological patterns arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Manish
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Mountain and Hill Environment, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Maharaj K Pandit
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Mountain and Hill Environment, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Yasmeen Telwala
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Mountain and Hill Environment, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Dinesh C Nautiyal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Mountain and Hill Environment, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sudha Tiwari
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Mountain and Hill Environment, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Nakamura A, Kitching RL, Cao M, Creedy TJ, Fayle TM, Freiberg M, Hewitt C, Itioka T, Koh LP, Ma K, Malhi Y, Mitchell A, Novotny V, Ozanne CM, Song L, Wang H, Ashton LA. Forests and Their Canopies: Achievements and Horizons in Canopy Science. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:438-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marvin DC, Koh LP, Lynam AJ, Wich S, Davies AB, Krishnamurthy R, Stokes E, Starkey R, Asner GP. Integrating technologies for scalable ecology and conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Burivalova Z, Hua F, Koh LP, Garcia C, Putz F. A Critical Comparison of Conventional, Certified, and Community Management of Tropical Forests for Timber in Terms of Environmental, Economic, and Social Variables. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Burivalova
- Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs and Public Policy; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Fangyuan Hua
- Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs and Public Policy; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Adelaide; South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Claude Garcia
- Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD); Research Unit Goods and Services of Tropical Ecosystems; Montpellier F-34392 France
- Department of Environmental System Sciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Zürich Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Francis Putz
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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Chaudhary A, Burivalova Z, Koh LP, Hellweg S. Impact of Forest Management on Species Richness: Global Meta-Analysis and Economic Trade-Offs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23954. [PMID: 27040604 PMCID: PMC4819217 DOI: 10.1038/srep23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests managed for timber have an important role to play in conserving global biodiversity. We evaluated the most common timber production systems worldwide in terms of their impact on local species richness by conducting a categorical meta-analysis. We reviewed 287 published studies containing 1008 comparisons of species richness in managed and unmanaged forests and derived management, taxon, and continent specific effect sizes. We show that in terms of local species richness loss, forest management types can be ranked, from best to worse, as follows: selection and retention systems, reduced impact logging, conventional selective logging, clear-cutting, agroforestry, timber plantations, fuelwood plantations. Next, we calculated the economic profitability in terms of the net present value of timber harvesting from 10 hypothetical wood-producing Forest Management Units (FMU) from around the globe. The ranking of management types is altered when the species loss per unit profit generated from the FMU is considered. This is due to differences in yield, timber species prices, rotation cycle length and production costs. We thus conclude that it would be erroneous to dismiss or prioritize timber production regimes, based solely on their ranking of alpha diversity impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaudhary
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Burivalova
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 08540 Princeton NJ, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefanie Hellweg
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Giam
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; National University of Singapore, Singapore 117377; Singapore
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98105 USA
| | - Letchumi Mani
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; National University of Singapore, Singapore 117377; Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543; Singapore
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences & The Environment Institute; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Hugh T.W. Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543; Singapore
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van Andel AC, Wich SA, Boesch C, Koh LP, Robbins MM, Kelly J, Kuehl HS. Locating chimpanzee nests and identifying fruiting trees with an unmanned aerial vehicle. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:1122-34. [PMID: 26179423 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of animal populations is essential for conservation management. Various techniques are available to assess spatiotemporal patterns of species distribution and abundance. Nest surveys are often used for monitoring great apes. Quickly developing technologies, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used to complement these ground-based surveys, especially for covering large areas rapidly. Aerial surveys have been used successfully to detect the nests of orang-utans. It is unknown if such an approach is practical for African apes, which usually build their nests at lower heights, where they might be obscured by forest canopy. In this 2-month study, UAV-derived aerial imagery was used for two distinct purposes: testing the detectability of chimpanzee nests and identifying fruiting trees used by chimpanzees in Loango National Park (Gabon). Chimpanzee nest data were collected through two approaches: we located nests on the ground and then tried to detect them in UAV photos and vice versa. Ground surveys were conducted using line transects, reconnaissance trails, and opportunistic sampling during which we detected 116 individual nests in 28 nest groups. In complementary UAV images we detected 48% of the individual nests (68% of nest groups) in open coastal forests and 8% of individual nests (33% of nest groups) in closed canopy inland forests. The key factor for nest detectability in UAV imagery was canopy openness. Data on fruiting trees were collected from five line transects. In 122 UAV images 14 species of trees (N = 433) were identified, alongside 37 tree species (N = 205) in complementary ground surveys. Relative abundance of common tree species correlated between ground and UAV surveys. We conclude that UAVs have great potential as a rapid assessment tool for detecting chimpanzee presence in forest with open canopy and assessing fruit tree availability. UAVs may have limited applicability for nest detection in closed canopy forest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Research Centre for Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martha M Robbins
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Kelly
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Conservation Biology/Workgroup on Endangered Species, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hjalmar S Kuehl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Burivalova Z, Lee TM, Giam X, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Wilcove DS, Koh LP. Avian responses to selective logging shaped by species traits and logging practices. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20150164. [PMID: 25994673 PMCID: PMC4455798 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective logging is one of the most common forms of forest use in the tropics. Although the effects of selective logging on biodiversity have been widely studied, there is little agreement on the relationship between life-history traits and tolerance to logging. In this study, we assessed how species traits and logging practices combine to determine species responses to selective logging, based on over 4000 observations of the responses of nearly 1000 bird species to selective logging across the tropics. Our analysis shows that species traits, such as feeding group and body mass, and logging practices, such as time since logging and logging intensity, interact to influence a species' response to logging. Frugivores and insectivores were most adversely affected by logging and declined further with increasing logging intensity. Nectarivores and granivores responded positively to selective logging for the first two decades, after which their abundances decrease below pre-logging levels. Larger species of omnivores and granivores responded more positively to selective logging than smaller species from either feeding group, whereas this effect of body size was reversed for carnivores, herbivores, frugivores and insectivores. Most importantly, species most negatively impacted by selective logging had not recovered approximately 40 years after logging cessation. We conclude that selective timber harvest has the potential to cause large and long-lasting changes in avian biodiversity. However, our results suggest that the impacts can be mitigated to a certain extent through specific forest management strategies such as lengthening the rotation cycle and implementing reduced impact logging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Burivalova
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tien Ming Lee
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA
| | - Xingli Giam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David S Wilcove
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Burivalova Z, Bauert MR, Hassold S, Fatroandrianjafinonjasolomiovazo NT, Koh LP. Relevance of Global Forest Change Data Set to Local Conservation: Case Study of Forest Degradation in Masoala National Park, Madagascar. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Burivalova
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | | | - Sonja Hassold
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | | | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Giam
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - David S Wilcove
- Woodrow Wilson School and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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39
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Wich SA, Garcia-Ulloa J, Kühl HS, Humle T, Lee JSH, Koh LP. Will oil palm's homecoming spell doom for Africa's great apes? Curr Biol 2014; 24:1659-1663. [PMID: 25017207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of oil palm plantations has led to extensive wildlife habitat conversion in Southeast Asia [1]. This expansion is driven by a global demand for palm oil for products ranging from foods to detergents [2], and more recently for biofuels [3]. The negative impacts of oil palm development on biodiversity [1, 4, 5], and on orangutans (Pongo spp.) in particular, have been well documented [6, 7] and publicized [8, 9]. Although the oil palm is of African origin, Africa's production historically lags behind that of Southeast Asia. Recently, significant investments have been made that will likely drive the expansion of Africa's oil palm industry [10]. There is concern that this will lead to biodiversity losses similar to those in Southeast Asia. Here, we analyze the potential impact of oil palm development on Africa's great apes. Current great ape distribution in Africa substantially overlaps with current oil palm concessions (by 58.7%) and areas suitable for oil palm production (by 42.3%). More importantly, 39.9% of the distribution of great ape species on unprotected lands overlaps with suitable oil palm areas. There is an urgent need to develop guidelines for the expansion of oil palm in Africa to minimize the negative effects on apes and other wildlife. There is also a need for research to support land use decisions to reconcile economic development, great ape conservation, and avoiding carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tatanya Humle
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Janice S H Lee
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Lee JSH, Garcia-Ulloa J, Ghazoul J, Obidzinski K, Koh LP. Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Environment Institute, and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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Abood SA, Lee JSH, Burivalova Z, Garcia-Ulloa J, Koh LP. Relative Contributions of the Logging, Fiber, Oil Palm, and Mining Industries to Forest Loss in Indonesia. Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan A. Abood
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Burivalova
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs; Princeton University; Robertson Hall; Princeton NJ 08544-1013 USA
- Environment Institute; and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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Koh LP, Koellner T, Ghazoul J. Transformative optimisation of agricultural land use to meet future food demands. PeerJ 2013; 1:e188. [PMID: 24255807 PMCID: PMC3817586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human population is expected to reach ∼9 billion by 2050. The ensuing demands for water, food and energy would intensify land-use conflicts and exacerbate environmental impacts. Therefore we urgently need to reconcile our growing consumptive needs with environmental protection. Here, we explore the potential of a land-use optimisation strategy to increase global agricultural production on two major groups of crops: cereals and oilseeds. We implemented a spatially-explicit computer simulation model across 173 countries based on the following algorithm: on any cropland, always produce the most productive crop given all other crops currently being produced locally and the site-specific biophysical, economic and technological constraints to production. Globally, this strategy resulted in net increases in annual production of cereal and oilseed crops from 1.9 billion to 2.9 billion tons (46%), and from 427 million to 481 million tons (13%), respectively, without any change in total land area harvested for cereals or oilseeds. This thought experiment demonstrates that, in theory, more optimal use of existing farmlands could help meet future crop demands. In practice there might be cultural, social and institutional barriers that limit the full realisation of this theoretical potential. Nevertheless, these constraints have to be weighed against the consequences of not producing enough food, particularly in regions already facing food shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Wilcove DS, Giam X, Edwards DP, Fisher B, Koh LP. Navjot's nightmare revisited: logging, agriculture, and biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:531-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee JSH, Abood S, Ghazoul J, Barus B, Obidzinski K, Koh LP. Environmental Impacts of Large-Scale Oil Palm Enterprises Exceed that of Smallholdings in Indonesia. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1; Universitätstrasse 16; CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sinan Abood
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1; Universitätstrasse 16; CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1; Universitätstrasse 16; CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Baba Barus
- Center for Regional System Analysis, Planning and Development; Bogor Agricultural University; Jalan Raya Pajajaran Baranangsiang Bogor 16153 Indonesia
| | - Krystof Obidzinski
- Center for International Forestry Research; Jalan CIFOR; Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1; Universitätstrasse 16; CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
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Ziegler AD, Phelps J, Yuen JQ, Webb EL, Lawrence D, Fox JM, Bruun TB, Leisz SJ, Ryan CM, Dressler W, Mertz O, Pascual U, Padoch C, Koh LP. Carbon outcomes of major land-cover transitions in SE Asia: great uncertainties and REDD+ policy implications. Glob Chang Biol 2012; 18:3087-3099. [PMID: 28741819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Policy makers across the tropics propose that carbon finance could provide incentives for forest frontier communities to transition away from swidden agriculture (slash-and-burn or shifting cultivation) to other systems that potentially reduce emissions and/or increase carbon sequestration. However, there is little certainty regarding the carbon outcomes of many key land-use transitions at the center of current policy debates. Our meta-analysis of over 250 studies reporting above- and below-ground carbon estimates for different land-use types indicates great uncertainty in the net total ecosystem carbon changes that can be expected from many transitions, including the replacement of various types of swidden agriculture with oil palm, rubber, or some other types of agroforestry systems. These transitions are underway throughout Southeast Asia, and are at the heart of REDD+ debates. Exceptions of unambiguous carbon outcomes are the abandonment of any type of agriculture to allow forest regeneration (a certain positive carbon outcome) and expansion of agriculture into mature forest (a certain negative carbon outcome). With respect to swiddening, our meta-analysis supports a reassessment of policies that encourage land-cover conversion away from these [especially long-fallow] systems to other more cash-crop-oriented systems producing ambiguous carbon stock changes - including oil palm and rubber. In some instances, lengthening fallow periods of an existing swidden system may produce substantial carbon benefits, as would conversion from intensely cultivated lands to high-biomass plantations and some other types of agroforestry. More field studies are needed to provide better data of above- and below-ground carbon stocks before informed recommendations or policy decisions can be made regarding which land-use regimes optimize or increase carbon sequestration. As some transitions may negatively impact other ecosystem services, food security, and local livelihoods, the entire carbon and noncarbon benefit stream should also be taken into account before prescribing transitions with ambiguous carbon benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Ziegler
- Geography Department, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117570
| | - Jacob Phelps
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543
| | - Jia Qi Yuen
- Geography Department, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117570
| | - Edward L Webb
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543
| | - Deborah Lawrence
- Environmental Sciences Department, University of Virginia, 216 Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4123, USA
| | - Jeff M Fox
- East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96848, USA
| | - Thilde B Bruun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stephen J Leisz
- Department of Anthropology, Clark B220, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Casey M Ryan
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Room 218 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Wolfram Dressler
- Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Building number 101, Gaia, B-wing 3rd floor, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Mertz
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Unai Pascual
- Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, 19 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, UK
- Basque Centre for Climate Change & Basque Foundation for Science - Ikerbasque, Alameda Urquijo 4, 4a, 48008, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Christine Padoch
- Institute of Economic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 200 St./Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, USA
- Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CUFOR, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, 16115, Indonesia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, CHN G 73.1, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) provides financial compensation to land owners who avoid converting standing forests to other land uses. In this paper, we review the main opportunities and challenges for REDD+ implementation, including expectations for REDD+ to deliver on multiple environmental and societal cobenefits. We also highlight a recent case study, the Norway-Indonesia REDD+ agreement and discuss how it might be a harbinger of outcomes in other forest-rich nations seeking REDD+ funds. Looking forward, we critically examine the fundamental assumptions of REDD+ as a solution for the atmospheric buildup of greenhouse gas emissions and tropical deforestation. We conclude that REDD+ is currently the most promising mechanism driving the conservation of tropical forests. Yet, to emerge as a true game changer, REDD+ must still demonstrate that it can access low transaction cost and high-volume carbon markets or funds, while also providing or complimenting a suite of nonmonetary incentives to encourage a developing nation's transition from forest losing to forest gaining, and align with, not undermine, a globally cohesive attempt to mitigate anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Venter
- Terrestrial Ecology and Sustainability Science and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
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Koh LP, Gibbs HK, Potapov PV, Hansen MC. REDDcalculator.com: a web-based decision-support tool for implementing Indonesia’s forest moratorium. Methods Ecol Evol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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