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Gumbs R, Scott O, Bates R, Böhm M, Forest F, Gray CL, Hoffmann M, Kane D, Low C, Pearse WD, Pipins S, Tapley B, Turvey ST, Jetz W, Owen NR, Rosindell J. Global conservation status of the jawed vertebrate Tree of Life. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1101. [PMID: 38424441 PMCID: PMC10904806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-driven extinction threatens entire lineages across the Tree of Life. Here we assess the conservation status of jawed vertebrate evolutionary history, using three policy-relevant approaches. First, we calculate an index of threat to overall evolutionary history, showing that we expect to lose 86-150 billion years (11-19%) of jawed vertebrate evolutionary history over the next 50-500 years. Second, we rank jawed vertebrate species by their EDGE scores to identify the highest priorities for species-focused conservation of evolutionary history, finding that chondrichthyans, ray-finned fish and testudines rank highest of all jawed vertebrates. Third, we assess the conservation status of jawed vertebrate families. We found that species within monotypic families are more likely to be threatened and more likely to be in decline than other species. We provide a baseline for the status of families at risk of extinction to catalyse conservation action. This work continues a trend of highlighting neglected groups-such as testudines, crocodylians, amphibians and chondrichthyans-as conservation priorities from a phylogenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Gumbs
- Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP, Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Oenone Scott
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Ryan Bates
- Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoological Society, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Kane
- Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Christopher Low
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - William D Pearse
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sebastian Pipins
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP, Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- On the Edge, London, SW3 2JJ, UK
| | | | - Samuel T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - James Rosindell
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
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Elén S, Björkman P, Zazzi M, Böhm M, Bernal E, Sönnerborg A, Elvstam O. Low-level HIV viraemia during antiretroviral therapy: Longitudinal patterns and predictors of viral suppression. HIV Med 2024; 25:107-116. [PMID: 37721192 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to characterize longitudinal patterns of viraemia and factors associated with viral suppression in people with HIV and low-level viraemia (LLV) during antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS We included people with HIV in the EuResist Integrated Database with LLV following ART initiation after 2005. LLV was defined as two or more consecutive viral load (VL) measurements of 51-199 copies/mL 30-365 days apart after >12 months of ART. Viraemia patterns were analyzed over 24 months. Factors associated with viral suppression at 12 months after LLV episodes were identified using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Of 25 113 people with HIV, 2474 (9.9%) had LLV. Among 1387 participants with 24 months of follow-up after LLV, 406 (29%) had persistent suppression, 669 (48%) had transient viraemic episodes, 29 (2%) had persistent LLV, and 283 (20%) had virological failure. Following LLV episodes, the proportion with detectable viraemia declined (p for trend <0.001 and 0.034, in the first and second year, respectively). At 12 months, 68% had undetectable VL, which was associated with suppression before LLV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-2.4) and ART modification after LLV (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.4). The following factors were negatively associated with undetectable VL at 12 months: higher VL during LLV (aOR 0.57 per log10 copies/mL; 95% CI 0.37-0.89), injecting drug use (aOR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.96), and regimens with protease inhibitors (aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.49-0.87) or combined anchor drugs (aOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.32-0.85). CONCLUSION Most people with LLV did not experience sustained viral suppression during 24-month follow-up, supporting the association between LLV and inferior treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elén
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Björkman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Böhm
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Bernal
- Infectious Disease Unit. Reina Sofia Hospital, Murcia University and IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Sönnerborg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - O Elvstam
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
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Cazalis V, Santini L, Lucas PM, González-Suárez M, Hoffmann M, Benítez-López A, Pacifici M, Schipper AM, Böhm M, Zizka A, Clausnitzer V, Meyer C, Jung M, Butchart SHM, Cardoso P, Mancini G, Akçakaya HR, Young BE, Patoine G, Di Marco M. Prioritizing the reassessment of data-deficient species on the IUCN Red List. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e14139. [PMID: 37394972 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite being central to the implementation of conservation policies, the usefulness of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is hampered by the 14% of species classified as data-deficient (DD) because information to evaluate these species' extinction risk was lacking when they were last assessed or because assessors did not appropriately account for uncertainty. Robust methods are needed to identify which DD species are more likely to be reclassified in one of the data-sufficient IUCN Red List categories. We devised a reproducible method to help red-list assessors prioritize reassessment of DD species and tested it with 6887 DD species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). For each DD species in these groups, we calculated its probability of being classified in a data-sufficient category if reassessed today from covariates measuring available knowledge (e.g., number of occurrence records or published articles available), knowledge proxies (e.g., remoteness of the range), and species characteristics (e.g., nocturnality); calculated change in such probability since last assessment from the increase in available knowledge (e.g., new occurrence records); and determined whether the species might qualify as threatened based on recent rate of habitat loss determined from global land-cover maps. We identified 1907 species with a probability of being reassessed in a data-sufficient category of >0.5; 624 species for which this probability increased by >0.25 since last assessment; and 77 species that could be reassessed as near threatened or threatened based on habitat loss. Combining these 3 elements, our results provided a list of species likely to be data-sufficient such that the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the IUCN Red List can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cazalis
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luca Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Pablo M Lucas
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela González-Suárez
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ana Benítez-López
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Michela Pacifici
- Global Mammal Assessment Programme, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Aafke M Schipper
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Böhm
- Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoological Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Meyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Group, Biodiversity and Natural Resources Management Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Stuart H M Butchart
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giordano Mancini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - H Reşit Akçakaya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Gland, Switzerland
| | | | - Guillaume Patoine
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Dove S, Böhm M, Freeman R, Jellesmark S, Murrell DJ. A user-friendly guide to using distance measures to compare time series in ecology. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10520. [PMID: 37809360 PMCID: PMC10551742 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Time series are a critical component of ecological analysis, used to track changes in biotic and abiotic variables. Information can be extracted from the properties of time series for tasks such as classification (e.g., assigning species to individual bird calls); clustering (e.g., clustering similar responses in population dynamics to abrupt changes in the environment or management interventions); prediction (e.g., accuracy of model predictions to original time series data); and anomaly detection (e.g., detecting possible catastrophic events from population time series). These common tasks in ecological research all rely on the notion of (dis-) similarity, which can be determined using distance measures. A plethora of distance measures have been described, predominantly in the computer and information sciences, but many have not been introduced to ecologists. Furthermore, little is known about how to select appropriate distance measures for time-series-related tasks. Therefore, many potential applications remain unexplored. Here, we describe 16 properties of distance measures that are likely to be of importance to a variety of ecological questions involving time series. We then test 42 distance measures for each property and use the results to develop an objective method to select appropriate distance measures for any task and ecological dataset. We demonstrate our selection method by applying it to a set of real-world data on breeding bird populations in the UK and discuss other potential applications for distance measures, along with associated technical issues common in ecology. Our real-world population trends exhibit a common challenge for time series comparisons: a high level of stochasticity. We demonstrate two different ways of overcoming this challenge, first by selecting distance measures with properties that make them well suited to comparing noisy time series and second by applying a smoothing algorithm before selecting appropriate distance measures. In both cases, the distance measures chosen through our selection method are not only fit-for-purpose but are consistent in their rankings of the population trends. The results of our study should lead to an improved understanding of, and greater scope for, the use of distance measures for comparing ecological time series and help us answer new ecological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Dove
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis ZooIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sean Jellesmark
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - David J. Murrell
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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5
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Dove S, Böhm M, Freeman R, McRae L, Murrell DJ. Quantifying reliability and data deficiency in global vertebrate population trends using the Living Planet Index. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4966-4982. [PMID: 37376728 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is facing a crisis, which must be solved through effective policies and on-the-ground conservation. But governments, NGOs, and scientists need reliable indicators to guide research, conservation actions, and policy decisions. Developing reliable indicators is challenging because the data underlying those tools is incomplete and biased. For example, the Living Planet Index tracks the changing status of global vertebrate biodiversity, but taxonomic, geographic and temporal gaps and biases are present in the aggregated data used to calculate trends. However, without a basis for real-world comparison, there is no way to directly assess an indicator's accuracy or reliability. Instead, a modelling approach can be used. We developed a model of trend reliability, using simulated datasets as stand-ins for the "real world", degraded samples as stand-ins for indicator datasets (e.g., the Living Planet Database), and a distance measure to quantify reliability by comparing partially sampled to fully sampled trends. The model revealed that the proportion of species represented in the database is not always indicative of trend reliability. Important factors are the number and length of time series, as well as their mean growth rates and variance in their growth rates, both within and between time series. We found that many trends in the Living Planet Index need more data to be considered reliable, particularly trends across the global south. In general, bird trends are the most reliable, while reptile and amphibian trends are most in need of additional data. We simulated three different solutions for reducing data deficiency, and found that collating existing data (where available) is the most efficient way to improve trend reliability, whereas revisiting previously studied populations is a quick and efficient way to improve trend reliability until new long-term studies can be completed and made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Dove
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Louise McRae
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - David J Murrell
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
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6
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Hartmann A, Bertram B, Siebelmann S, Böhm M, Faber H, Zhour A, Schuster AK. [Career prospects for ophthalmologists under 49 years old : A survey in Germany from 2022]. Ophthalmologie 2023; 120:726-733. [PMID: 36729123 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The need for care in ophthalmology is constantly increasing due to demographic changes. The study analyzed the current professional situation and future prospects of ophthalmologists under 49 years old. METHODS The survey of members of the German Association of Ophthalmologists (Berufsverband der Augenärzte Deutschlands) and the German Ophthalmologic Society (Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft) was conducted in 2022. All members under the age of 49 years received an online questionnaire on the current professional situation as well as future perspectives (desired working hours, form of organization). The results of the survey were additionally compared with the 2016 survey of the German Association of Ophthalmologists. A similar questionnaire was used at that time. RESULTS A total of 1014 people participated in the survey (62.7% women, mean age 39.3 ± 8 years, 75.6% specialists). The response rate to the survey was 25%. Specialist practice from 0 to 5 years showed a higher number of employed ophthalmologists (21% self-employed vs. 32% employed); over time the number of self-employed ophthalmologists increased (6-10 years: 40%, > 10 years: 59.3%). Overall, 46% of women were employed in a practice compared with 33% of men. Of the self-employed specialists, 95.9% said they planned to work in the same type of employment in 10 years as currently. Regarding ophthalmologists' career future, the other employment types showed a desire to move to independent practice. Compared to the 2016 survey, gender differences related to the current type of employment were evident. The number of self-employed women decreased from 43% to 26% and self-employed men decreased from 63% to 39%. The number of ophthalmologists in ambulatory healthcare centers was doubled compared to 2016. Ophthalmologists reported similar future perspectives at both survey times. CONCLUSION The results of the survey of ophthalmologists under 49 years in Germany showed similar perceptions as in 2016. It became clear that the desire to be self-employed in 10 years is very high; however, ophthalmologists expected large practices or medical care centers to prevail in the market. The number of self-employed doctors is decreasing and the desire for self-employment is difficult to realize.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hartmann
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Fachbereich Ophthalmologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
| | - B Bertram
- Augenarztpraxis Prof. Bertram & Dr. Helg, Löhergraben 30, 52064, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - S Siebelmann
- Augenärzte Solingen, Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Deutschland
- Bergisches Kompetenzzentrum für Gesundheitsökonomik und Versorgungsforschung, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Deutschland
| | - M Böhm
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - H Faber
- Departement für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, Großbritannien
| | - A Zhour
- Berufsverband der Augenärzte Deutschlands e. V., Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - A K Schuster
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Fachbereich Ophthalmologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
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7
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Biller ML, Böhm M, Kolb C, Bucur J, Müller M, Kohnen T. [Pneumocephalus after high-pressure trauma to the conjunctiva]. Ophthalmologie 2023; 120:660-662. [PMID: 35925342 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Biller
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
| | | | | | | | | | - T Kohnen
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
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Gumbs R, Gray CL, Böhm M, Burfield IJ, Couchman OR, Faith DP, Forest F, Hoffmann M, Isaac NJB, Jetz W, Mace GM, Mooers AO, Safi K, Scott O, Steel M, Tucker CM, Pearse WD, Owen NR, Rosindell J. The EDGE2 protocol: Advancing the prioritisation of Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species for practical conservation action. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001991. [PMID: 36854036 PMCID: PMC9974121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The conservation of evolutionary history has been linked to increased benefits for humanity and can be captured by phylogenetic diversity (PD). The Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) metric has, since 2007, been used to prioritise threatened species for practical conservation that embody large amounts of evolutionary history. While there have been important research advances since 2007, they have not been adopted in practice because of a lack of consensus in the conservation community. Here, building from an interdisciplinary workshop to update the existing EDGE approach, we present an "EDGE2" protocol that draws on a decade of research and innovation to develop an improved, consistent methodology for prioritising species conservation efforts. Key advances include methods for dealing with uncertainty and accounting for the extinction risk of closely related species. We describe EDGE2 in terms of distinct components to facilitate future revisions to its constituent parts without needing to reconsider the whole. We illustrate EDGE2 by applying it to the world's mammals. As we approach a crossroads for global biodiversity policy, this Consensus View shows how collaboration between academic and applied conservation biologists can guide effective and practical priority-setting to conserve biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Gumbs
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Phylogenetic Diversity Task Force, London, United Kingdom
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP, Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia L. Gray
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
- Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoological Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ian J. Burfield
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia R. Couchman
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Faith
- School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J. B. Isaac
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne O. Mooers
- Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kamran Safi
- Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Department of Migration, Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oenone Scott
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Steel
- Biomathematics Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Caroline M. Tucker
- Environment, Ecology and Energy Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nisha R. Owen
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Phylogenetic Diversity Task Force, London, United Kingdom
- On the EDGE Conservation, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Rosindell
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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Albaladejo‐Robles G, Böhm M, Newbold T. Species life-history strategies affect population responses to temperature and land-cover changes. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:97-109. [PMID: 36250232 PMCID: PMC10092366 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced environmental changes have a direct impact on species populations, with some species experiencing declines while others display population growth. Understanding why and how species populations respond differently to environmental changes is fundamental to mitigate and predict future biodiversity changes. Theoretically, species life-history strategies are key determinants shaping the response of populations to environmental impacts. Despite this, the association between species life histories and the response of populations to environmental changes has not been tested. In this study, we analysed the effects of recent land-cover and temperature changes on rates of population change of 1,072 populations recorded in the Living Planet Database. We selected populations with at least 5 yearly consecutive records (after imputation of missing population estimates) between 1992 and 2016, and for which we achieved high population imputation accuracy (in the cases where missing values had to be imputed). These populations were distributed across 553 different locations and included 461 terrestrial amniote vertebrate species (273 birds, 137 mammals, and 51 reptiles) with different life-history strategies. We showed that populations of fast-lived species inhabiting areas that have experienced recent expansion of cropland or bare soil present positive populations trends on average, whereas slow-lived species display negative population trends. Although these findings support previous hypotheses that fast-lived species are better adapted to recover their populations after an environmental perturbation, the sensitivity analysis revealed that model outcomes are strongly influenced by the addition or exclusion of populations with extreme rates of change. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. With climate and land-use changes likely to increase in the future, establishing clear links between species characteristics and responses to these threats is fundamental for designing and conducting conservation actions. The results of this study can aid in evaluating population sensitivity, assessing the likely conservation status of species with poor data coverage, and predicting future scenarios of biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Albaladejo‐Robles
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Global Center for Species SurvivalIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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10
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Stegemann A, Pethö Z, Raker V, Schwab A, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. 617 Endothelial to mesenchymal transition - a novel field of action of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor? J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Stegemann A, Soeberdt M, Abels C, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. 622 Fibroblast function in vitro modulated by the melanocortin tripeptide derivatives KdPT and WOL074-029. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Böhm M, Moor I. Entwicklung mentaler Gesundheit und mentaler gesundheitlicher
Ungleichheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – Ergebnisse
der HBSC-Studie 2010-2018. Das Gesundheitswesen 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Caetano GHDO, Chapple DG, Grenyer R, Raz T, Rosenblatt J, Tingley R, Böhm M, Meiri S, Roll U. Automated assessment reveals that the extinction risk of reptiles is widely underestimated across space and phylogeny. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001544. [PMID: 35617356 PMCID: PMC9135251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Red List of Threatened Species, published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), is a crucial tool for conservation decision-making. However, despite substantial effort, numerous species remain unassessed or have insufficient data available to be assigned a Red List extinction risk category. Moreover, the Red Listing process is subject to various sources of uncertainty and bias. The development of robust automated assessment methods could serve as an efficient and highly useful tool to accelerate the assessment process and offer provisional assessments. Here, we aimed to (1) present a machine learning–based automated extinction risk assessment method that can be used on less known species; (2) offer provisional assessments for all reptiles—the only major tetrapod group without a comprehensive Red List assessment; and (3) evaluate potential effects of human decision biases on the outcome of assessments. We use the method presented here to assess 4,369 reptile species that are currently unassessed or classified as Data Deficient by the IUCN. The models used in our predictions were 90% accurate in classifying species as threatened/nonthreatened, and 84% accurate in predicting specific extinction risk categories. Unassessed and Data Deficient reptiles were considerably more likely to be threatened than assessed species, adding to mounting evidence that these species warrant more conservation attention. The overall proportion of threatened species greatly increased when we included our provisional assessments. Assessor identities strongly affected prediction outcomes, suggesting that assessor effects need to be carefully considered in extinction risk assessments. Regions and taxa we identified as likely to be more threatened should be given increased attention in new assessments and conservation planning. Lastly, the method we present here can be easily implemented to help bridge the assessment gap for other less known taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira Caetano
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - David G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Grenyer
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tal Raz
- School of Zoology and Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Reid Tingley
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
- Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoological Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology and Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- * E-mail:
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14
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Cox N, Young BE, Bowles P, Fernandez M, Marin J, Rapacciuolo G, Böhm M, Brooks TM, Hedges SB, Hilton-Taylor C, Hoffmann M, Jenkins RKB, Tognelli MF, Alexander GJ, Allison A, Ananjeva NB, Auliya M, Avila LJ, Chapple DG, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Cogger HG, Colli GR, de Silva A, Eisemberg CC, Els J, Fong G A, Grant TD, Hitchmough RA, Iskandar DT, Kidera N, Martins M, Meiri S, Mitchell NJ, Molur S, Nogueira CDC, Ortiz JC, Penner J, Rhodin AGJ, Rivas GA, Rödel MO, Roll U, Sanders KL, Santos-Barrera G, Shea GM, Spawls S, Stuart BL, Tolley KA, Trape JF, Vidal MA, Wagner P, Wallace BP, Xie Y. A global reptile assessment highlights shared conservation needs of tetrapods. Nature 2022; 605:285-290. [PMID: 35477765 PMCID: PMC9095493 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive assessments of species’ extinction risks have documented the extinction crisis1 and underpinned strategies for reducing those risks2. Global assessments reveal that, among tetrapods, 40.7% of amphibians, 25.4% of mammals and 13.6% of birds are threatened with extinction3. Because global assessments have been lacking, reptiles have been omitted from conservation-prioritization analyses that encompass other tetrapods4–7. Reptiles are unusually diverse in arid regions, suggesting that they may have different conservation needs6. Here we provide a comprehensive extinction-risk assessment of reptiles and show that at least 1,829 out of 10,196 species (21.1%) are threatened—confirming a previous extrapolation8 and representing 15.6 billion years of phylogenetic diversity. Reptiles are threatened by the same major factors that threaten other tetrapods—agriculture, logging, urban development and invasive species—although the threat posed by climate change remains uncertain. Reptiles inhabiting forests, where these threats are strongest, are more threatened than those in arid habitats, contrary to our prediction. Birds, mammals and amphibians are unexpectedly good surrogates for the conservation of reptiles, although threatened reptiles with the smallest ranges tend to be isolated from other threatened tetrapods. Although some reptiles—including most species of crocodiles and turtles—require urgent, targeted action to prevent extinctions, efforts to protect other tetrapods, such as habitat preservation and control of trade and invasive species, will probably also benefit many reptiles. An extinction-risk assessment of reptiles shows that at least 21.1% of species are threatened by factors such as agriculture, logging, urban development and invasive species, and that efforts to protect birds, mammals and amphibians probably also benefit many reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Cox
- Biodiversity Assessment Unit, IUCN-Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Philip Bowles
- Biodiversity Assessment Unit, IUCN-Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- NatureServe, Arlington, VA, USA.,Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation and Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Julie Marin
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, Bobigny, France
| | - Giovanni Rapacciuolo
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.,World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines, Los Baños, The Philippines.,Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig Hilton-Taylor
- Science & Data Centre: Biodiversity Assessment & Knowledge Team, IUCN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Richard K B Jenkins
- Science & Data Centre: Biodiversity Assessment & Knowledge Team, IUCN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcelo F Tognelli
- Biodiversity Assessment Unit, IUCN-Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Graham J Alexander
- Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Natalia B Ananjeva
- Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mark Auliya
- Department of Herpetology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luciano Javier Avila
- Grupo Herpetología Patagónica (GHP-LASIBIBE), Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Museo de Zoología, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical iBIOTROP, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Harold G Cogger
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Anslem de Silva
- South Asia Regional Office, Crocodile Specialist Group, Gampols, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Johannes Els
- Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Government of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ansel Fong G
- Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO), Museo de Historia Natural "Tomás Romay", Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Tandora D Grant
- Conservation Science & Wildlife Health, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Noriko Kidera
- Department of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan.,National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology & the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola J Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Ortiz
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Johannes Penner
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gilson A Rivas
- Museo de Biología, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uri Roll
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Kate L Sanders
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Glenn M Shea
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science B01, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Krystal A Tolley
- Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Marcela A Vidal
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | | | | | - Yan Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Duma M, Bieder M, Böhm M, Freesmeyer M, Drescher R, Weimann S, Wittig A. PD-0498 Atlas-based auto-segmentation of pelvic CTVs in FDG-PET-CT planning of anal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Duma M, Pargmann L, Böhm M, Wittig A. PO-1236 Deformable image registration for breast cancer radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Thomas EA, Böhm M, Pollock C, Chen C, Seddon M, Sigwart JD. Assessing the extinction risk of insular, understudied marine species. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13854. [PMID: 34669223 PMCID: PMC9299203 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vents are rare deep-sea oases that house faunal assemblages with a similar density of life as coral reefs. Only approximately 600 of these hotspots are known worldwide, most only one-third of a football field in size. With advancing development of the deep-sea mining industry, there is an urgent need to protect these unique, insular ecosystems and their specialist endemic faunas. We applied the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red List criteria to assess the extinction risk of vent-endemic molluscs with varying exposure to potential deep-sea mining. We assessed 31 species from three key areas under different regulatory frameworks in the Indian, West Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Three vent mollusc species were also examined as case studies of different threat contexts (protected or not from potential mining) to explore the interaction of local regulatory frameworks and IUCN Red List category assignment. We found that these assessments were robust even when there was some uncertainty in the total range of individual species, allowing assessment of species that have only recently been named and described. For vent-endemic species, regulatory changes to area-based management can have a greater impact on IUCN Red List assessment outcomes than incorporating additional data about species distributions. Our approach revealed the most useful IUCN Red List criteria for vent-endemic species: criteria B and D2. This approach, combining regulatory framework and distribution, has the potential to rapidly gauge assessment outcomes for species in insular systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin A. Thomas
- Queen's University Marine LaboratoryQueen's University BelfastPortaferryUK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Global Center for Species SurvivalIndianapolis Zoological SocietyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Caroline Pollock
- Global Species Programme, Red List UnitInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)CambridgeUK
| | - Chong Chen
- X‐STARJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)Yokosuka‐cityKanagawaJapan
| | - Mary Seddon
- IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, ExbourneOkehamptonUK
| | - Julia D. Sigwart
- Queen's University Marine LaboratoryQueen's University BelfastPortaferryUK
- Senckenberg Research Institute and MuseumFrankfurt am MainGermany
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18
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Marsh SME, Hoffmann M, Burgess ND, Brooks TM, Challender DWS, Cremona PJ, Hilton‐Taylor C, de Micheaux FL, Lichtenstein G, Roe D, Böhm M. Prevalence of sustainable and unsustainable use of wild species inferred from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13844. [PMID: 34605070 PMCID: PMC9299080 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Unsustainable exploitation of wild species represents a serious threat to biodiversity and to the livelihoods of local communities and Indigenous peoples. However, managed, sustainable use has the potential to forestall extinctions, aid recovery, and meet human needs. We analyzed species-level data for 30,923 species from 13 taxonomic groups on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species to investigate patterns of intentional biological resource use. Forty percent of species (10,098 of 25,009 species from 10 data-sufficient taxonomic groups) were used. The main purposes of use were pets, display animals, horticulture, and human consumption. Intentional use is currently contributing to elevated extinction risk for 28-29% of threatened or near threatened (NT) species (2752-2848 of 9753 species). Intentional use also affected 16% of all species used (1597-1631 of 10,098). However, 72% of used species (7291 of 10,098) were least concern, of which nearly half (3469) also had stable or improving population trends. The remainder were not documented as threatened by biological resource use, including at least 172 threatened or NT species with stable or improving populations. About one-third of species that had use documented as a threat had no targeted species management actions to directly address this threat. To improve use-related red-list data, we suggest small amendments to the relevant classification schemes and required supporting documentation. Our findings on the prevalence of sustainable and unsustainable use, and variation across taxa, can inform international policy making, including the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. E. Marsh
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and PolicyZoological Society of London, Regent's ParkLondonUK
| | - Neil D. Burgess
- UNEP‐WCMCCambridgeUK
- CMEC, GLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas M. Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF)University of the PhilippinesLos BañosThe Philippines
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Flore Lafaye de Micheaux
- International Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland
- Institute of Geography and SustainabilityUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- French Institute of PondicherryPondicherryIndia
| | - Gabriela Lichtenstein
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL)/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Dilys Roe
- International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and IUCN Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group (SULi)LondonUK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
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19
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Weber T, Fobes DM, Waizner J, Steffens P, Tucker GS, Böhm M, Beddrich L, Franz C, Gabold H, Bewley R, Voneshen D, Skoulatos M, Georgii R, Ehlers G, Bauer A, Pfleiderer C, Böni P, Janoschek M, Garst M. Topological magnon band structure of emergent Landau levels in a skyrmion lattice. Science 2022; 375:1025-1030. [PMID: 35239388 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The motion of a spin excitation across topologically nontrivial magnetic order exhibits a deflection that is analogous to the effect of the Lorentz force on an electrically charged particle in an orbital magnetic field. We used polarized inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the propagation of magnons (i.e., bosonic collective spin excitations) in a lattice of skyrmion tubes in manganese silicide. For wave vectors perpendicular to the skyrmion tubes, the magnon spectra are consistent with the formation of finely spaced emergent Landau levels that are characteristic of the fictitious magnetic field used to account for the nontrivial topological winding of the skyrmion lattice. This provides evidence of a topological magnon band structure in reciprocal space, which is borne out of the nontrivial real-space topology of a magnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Weber
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - D M Fobes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J Waizner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Steffens
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G S Tucker
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Böhm
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L Beddrich
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,MLZ, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Franz
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,MLZ, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Gabold
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,MLZ, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Bewley
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D Voneshen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.,Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - M Skoulatos
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,MLZ, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Georgii
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,MLZ, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Ehlers
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - A Bauer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Centre for Quantum Engineering (ZQE), Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Pfleiderer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Centre for Quantum Engineering (ZQE), Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Böni
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Janoschek
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.,Laboratory for Neutron and Muon Instrumentation (LIN), Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Garst
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lopes LR, Losi MA, Sheikh N, Laroche C, Charron P, Gimeno J, Kaski JP, Maggioni AP, Tavazzi L, Arbustini E, Brito D, Celutkiene J, Hagege A, Linhart A, Mogensen J, Garcia-Pinilla JM, Ripoll-Vera T, Seggewiss H, Villacorta E, Caforio A, Elliott PM, Beleslin B, Budaj A, Chioncel O, Dagres N, Danchin N, Erlinge D, Emberson J, Glikson M, Gray A, Kayikcioglu M, Maggioni A, Nagy KV, Nedoshivin A, Petronio AS, Hesselink JR, Wallentin L, Zeymer U, Caforio A, Blanes JRG, Charron P, Elliott P, Kaski JP, Maggioni AP, Tavazzi L, Tendera M, Komissarova S, Chakova N, Niyazova S, Linhart A, Kuchynka P, Palecek T, Podzimkova J, Fikrle M, Nemecek E, Bundgaard H, Tfelt-Hansen J, Theilade J, Thune JJ, Axelsson A, Mogensen J, Henriksen F, Hey T, Nielsen SK, Videbaek L, Andreasen S, Arnsted H, Saad A, Ali M, Lommi J, Helio T, Nieminen MS, Dubourg O, Mansencal N, Arslan M, Tsieu VS, Damy T, Guellich A, Guendouz S, Tissot CM, Lamine A, Rappeneau S, Hagege A, Desnos M, Bachet A, Hamzaoui M, Charron P, Isnard R, Legrand L, Maupain C, Gandjbakhch E, Kerneis M, Pruny JF, Bauer A, Pfeiffer B, Felix SB, Dorr M, Kaczmarek S, Lehnert K, Pedersen AL, Beug D, Bruder M, Böhm M, Kindermann I, Linicus Y, Werner C, Neurath B, Schild-Ungerbuehler M, Seggewiss H, Pfeiffer B, Neugebauer A, McKeown P, Muir A, McOsker J, Jardine T, Divine G, Elliott P, Lorenzini M, Watkinson O, Wicks E, Iqbal H, Mohiddin S, O'Mahony C, Sekri N, Carr-White G, Bueser T, Rajani R, Clack L, Damm J, Jones S, Sanchez-Vidal R, Smith M, Walters T, Wilson K, Rosmini S, Anastasakis A, Ritsatos K, Vlagkouli V, Forster T, Sepp R, Borbas J, Nagy V, Tringer A, Kakonyi K, Szabo LA, Maleki M, Bezanjani FN, Amin A, Naderi N, Parsaee M, Taghavi S, Ghadrdoost B, Jafari S, Khoshavi M, Rapezzi C, Biagini E, Corsini A, Gagliardi C, Graziosi M, Longhi S, Milandri A, Ragni L, Palmieri S, Olivotto I, Arretini A, Castelli G, Cecchi F, Fornaro A, Tomberli B, Spirito P, Devoto E, Bella PD, Maccabelli G, Sala S, Guarracini F, Peretto G, Russo MG, Calabro R, Pacileo G, Limongelli G, Masarone D, Pazzanese V, Rea A, Rubino M, Tramonte S, Valente F, Caiazza M, Cirillo A, Del Giorno G, Esposito A, Gravino R, Marrazzo T, Trimarco B, Losi MA, Di Nardo C, Giamundo A, Musella F, Pacelli F, Scatteia A, Canciello G, Caforio A, Iliceto S, Calore C, Leoni L, Marra MP, Rigato I, Tarantini G, Schiavo A, Testolina M, Arbustini E, Di Toro A, Giuliani LP, Serio A, Fedele F, Frustaci A, Alfarano M, Chimenti C, Drago F, Baban A, Calò L, Lanzillo C, Martino A, Uguccioni M, Zachara E, Halasz G, Re F, Sinagra G, Carriere C, Merlo M, Ramani F, Kavoliuniene A, Krivickiene A, Tamuleviciute-Prasciene E, Viezelis M, Celutkiene J, Balkeviciene L, Laukyte M, Paleviciute E, Pinto Y, Wilde A, Asselbergs FW, Sammani A, Van Der Heijden J, Van Laake L, De Jonge N, Hassink R, Kirkels JH, Ajuluchukwu J, Olusegun-Joseph A, Ekure E, Mizia-Stec K, Tendera M, Czekaj A, Sikora-Puz A, Skoczynska A, Wybraniec M, Rubis P, Dziewiecka E, Wisniowska-Smialek S, Bilinska Z, Chmielewski P, Foss-Nieradko B, Michalak E, Stepien-Wojno M, Mazek B, Lopes LR, Almeida AR, Cruz I, Gomes AC, Pereira AR, Brito D, Madeira H, Francisco AR, Menezes M, Moldovan O, Guimaraes TO, Silva D, Ginghina C, Jurcut R, Mursa A, Popescu BA, Apetrei E, Militaru S, Coman IM, Frigy A, Fogarasi Z, Kocsis I, Szabo IA, Fehervari L, Nikitin I, Resnik E, Komissarova M, Lazarev V, Shebzukhova M, Ustyuzhanin D, Blagova O, Alieva I, Kulikova V, Lutokhina Y, Pavlenko E, Varionchik N, Ristic AD, Seferovic PM, Veljic I, Zivkovic I, Milinkovic I, Pavlovic A, Radovanovic G, Simeunovic D, Zdravkovic M, Aleksic M, Djokic J, Hinic S, Klasnja S, Mircetic K, Monserrat L, Fernandez X, Garcia-Giustiniani D, Larrañaga JM, Ortiz-Genga M, Barriales-Villa R, Martinez-Veira C, Veira E, Cequier A, Salazar-Mendiguchia J, Manito N, Gonzalez J, Fernández-Avilés F, Medrano C, Yotti R, Cuenca S, Espinosa MA, Mendez I, Zatarain E, Alvarez R, Pavia PG, Briceno A, Cobo-Marcos M, Dominguez F, Galvan EDT, Pinilla JMG, Abdeselam-Mohamed N, Lopez-Garrido MA, Hidalgo LM, Ortega-Jimenez MV, Mezcua AR, Guijarro-Contreras A, Gomez-Garcia D, Robles-Mezcua M, Blanes JRG, Castro FJ, Esparza CM, Molina MS, García MS, Cuenca DL, de Mallorca P, Ripoll-Vera T, Alvarez J, Nunez J, Gomez Y, Fernandez PLS, Villacorta E, Avila C, Bravo L, Diaz-Pelaez E, Gallego-Delgado M, Garcia-Cuenllas L, Plata B, Lopez-Haldon JE, Pena Pena ML, Perez EMC, Zorio E, Arnau MA, Sanz J, Marques-Sule E. Association between common cardiovascular risk factors and clinical phenotype in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EurObservational Research Programme (EORP) Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2022; 9:42-53. [PMID: 35138368 PMCID: PMC9745665 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The interaction between common cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is poorly studied. We sought to explore the relation between CVRF and the clinical characteristics of patients with HCM enrolled in the EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Cardiomyopathy registry. METHODS AND RESULTS 1739 patients with HCM were studied. The relation between hypertension (HT), diabetes (DM), body mass index (BMI), and clinical traits was analysed. Analyses were stratified according to the presence or absence of a pathogenic variant in a sarcomere gene. The prevalence of HT, DM, and obesity (Ob) was 37, 10, and 21%, respectively. HT, DM, and Ob were associated with older age (P<0.001), less family history of HCM (HT and DM P<0.001), higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (P<0.001), atrial fibrillation (HT and DM P<0.001; Ob p = 0.03) and LV (left ventricular) diastolic dysfunction (HT and Ob P<0.001; DM P = 0.003). Stroke was more frequent in HT (P<0.001) and mutation-positive patients with DM (P = 0.02). HT and Ob were associated with higher provocable LV outflow tract gradients (HT P<0.001, Ob P = 0.036). LV hypertrophy was more severe in Ob (P = 0.018). HT and Ob were independently associated with NYHA class (OR 1.419, P = 0.017 and OR 1.584, P = 0.004, respectively). Other associations, including a higher proportion of females in HT and of systolic dysfunction in HT and Ob, were observed only in mutation-positive patients. CONCLUSION Common CVRF are associated with a more severe HCM phenotype, suggesting a proactive management of CVRF should be promoted. An interaction between genotype and CVRF was observed for some traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Lopes
- Corresponding author. Tel: +447765109343, , Twitter handle: @LuisRLopesDr
| | - Maria-Angela Losi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Nabeel Sheikh
- Department of Cardiology and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Cécile Laroche
- EORP, European Society of Cardiology, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | | | - Juan P Kaski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK,Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- EORP, European Society of Cardiology, Sophia-Antipolis, France,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care&Research, Via Corriera, 1, Cotignola 48033 RA, Italy
| | - Luigi Tavazzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care&Research, Via Corriera, 1, Cotignola 48033 RA, Italy
| | | | - Dulce Brito
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon 1169-050, Portugal,CCUL, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Jelena Celutkiene
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto g. 3, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania,State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Ales Linhart
- 2nd Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, General University Hospital and First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Opletalova 38, Prague 110 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - José Manuel Garcia-Pinilla
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Cardiopatías Familiares. Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria. IBIMA. Málaga and Ciber-Cardiovascular. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Ripoll-Vera
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Unit Son Llatzer University Hospital & IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Hubert Seggewiss
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus 15A, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Villacorta
- Member of National Centers of expertise for familial cardiopathies (CSUR), Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERCV, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Perry M Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK,St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Rd, London E1 1BB, UK
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Duncan C, Böhm M, Turvey ST. Identifying the possibilities and pitfalls of conducting IUCN Red List assessments from remotely sensed habitat information based on insights from poorly known Cuban mammals. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1598-1614. [PMID: 33554359 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species (RLS) is the key global tool for objective, repeatable assessment of species' extinction risk status, and plays an essential role in tracking biodiversity loss and guiding conservation action. Satellite remote sensing (SRS) data sets on global ecosystem distributions and functioning show exciting potential for informing range-based RLS assessment, but their incorporation has been restricted by low temporal resolution and coverage of data sets, lack of incorporation of degradation-driven habitat loss, and noninclusion of assumptions related to identification of changing habitat distributions for taxa with varying habitat dependency and ecologies. For poorly known mangrove-associated Cuban hutias (Mesocapromys spp.), we tested the impact of possible assumptions regarding these issues on range-based RLS assessment outcomes. Specifically, we used annual (1985-2018) Landsat data and land-cover classification and habitat degradation analyses across different internal time series slices to simulate range-based RLS assessments for our case study taxa to explore potential assessment uncertainty arising from temporal SRS data set coverage, incorporating proxies of (change in) habitat quality, and assumptions on spatial scaling of habitat extent for RLS parameter generation. We found extensive variation in simulated species-specific range-based RLS assessments, and this variation was mostly associated with the time series over which parameters were estimated. However, results of some species-specific assessments differed by up to 3 categories (near threatened to critically endangered) within the same time series, due to the effects of incorporating habitat quality and the spatial scaling used in RLS parameter estimation. Our results showed that a one-size-fits-all approach to incorporating SRS information in RLS assessment is inappropriate, and we urge caution in conducting range-based assessments with SRS for species for which habitat dependence on specific ecosystem types is incompletely understood. We propose novel revisions to parameter spatial scaling guidelines to improve integration of existing time series data on ecosystem change into the RLS assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Duncan
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, U.K
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Samuel T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
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22
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Mair L, Bennun LA, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Bolam FC, Burgess ND, Ekstrom JMM, Milner-Gulland EJ, Hoffmann M, Ma K, Macfarlane NBW, Raimondo DC, Rodrigues ASL, Shen X, Strassburg BBN, Beatty CR, Gómez-Creutzberg C, Iribarrem A, Irmadhiany M, Lacerda E, Mattos BC, Parakkasi K, Tognelli MF, Bennett EL, Bryan C, Carbone G, Chaudhary A, Eiselin M, da Fonseca GAB, Galt R, Geschke A, Glew L, Goedicke R, Green JMH, Gregory RD, Hill SLL, Hole DG, Hughes J, Hutton J, Keijzer MPW, Navarro LM, Nic Lughadha E, Plumptre AJ, Puydarrieux P, Possingham HP, Rankovic A, Regan EC, Rondinini C, Schneck JD, Siikamäki J, Sendashonga C, Seutin G, Sinclair S, Skowno AL, Soto-Navarro CA, Stuart SN, Temple HJ, Vallier A, Verones F, Viana LR, Watson J, Bezeng S, Böhm M, Burfield IJ, Clausnitzer V, Clubbe C, Cox NA, Freyhof J, Gerber LR, Hilton-Taylor C, Jenkins R, Joolia A, Joppa LN, Koh LP, Lacher TE, Langhammer PF, Long B, Mallon D, Pacifici M, Polidoro BA, Pollock CM, Rivers MC, Roach NS, Rodríguez JP, Smart J, Young BE, Hawkins F, McGowan PJK. A metric for spatially explicit contributions to science-based species targets. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:836-844. [PMID: 33833421 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will probably include a goal to stabilize and restore the status of species. Its delivery would be facilitated by making the actions required to halt and reverse species loss spatially explicit. Here, we develop a species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric that is scalable across species, threats and geographies. STAR quantifies the contributions that abating threats and restoring habitats in specific places offer towards reducing extinction risk. While every nation can contribute towards halting biodiversity loss, Indonesia, Colombia, Mexico, Madagascar and Brazil combined have stewardship over 31% of total STAR values for terrestrial amphibians, birds and mammals. Among actions, sustainable crop production and forestry dominate, contributing 41% of total STAR values for these taxonomic groups. Key Biodiversity Areas cover 9% of the terrestrial surface but capture 47% of STAR values. STAR could support governmental and non-state actors in quantifying their contributions to meeting science-based species targets within the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mair
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Leon A Bennun
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.,World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stuart H M Butchart
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
| | - Friederike C Bolam
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil D Burgess
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.,GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Domitilla C Raimondo
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.,IUCN Species Survival Commission, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ana S L Rodrigues
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Craig R Beatty
- IUCN, Washington DC, USA.,World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Alvaro Iribarrem
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Lacerda
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo F Tognelli
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.,IUCN-Conservation International Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxime Eiselin
- IUCN National Committee of The Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Arne Geschke
- Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Romie Goedicke
- IUCN National Committee of The Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M H Green
- Stockholm Environment Institute York, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Richard D Gregory
- RSPB, Sandy, UK.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha L L Hill
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Hughes
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marco P W Keijzer
- IUCN National Committee of The Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laetitia M Navarro
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Plumptre
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Key Biodiversity Areas Secretariat, BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hugh P Possingham
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Rankovic
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, France
| | - Eugenie C Regan
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.,Springer Nature, London, UK
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Programme, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew L Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carolina A Soto-Navarro
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.,Luc Hoffmann Institute, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Simon N Stuart
- Synchronicity Earth, London, UK.,IUCN Species Survival Commission, Bath, UK.,A Rocha International, London, UK
| | | | | | - Francesca Verones
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leonardo R Viana
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.,Sustainable Forestry Initiative Inc., Washington DC, USA
| | - James Watson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York City, NY, USA.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simeon Bezeng
- BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Colin Clubbe
- Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK
| | - Neil A Cox
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.,IUCN-Conservation International Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leah R Gerber
- Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas E Lacher
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Penny F Langhammer
- Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Barney Long
- Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David Mallon
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michela Pacifici
- Global Mammal Assessment Programme, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Beth A Polidoro
- Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Malin C Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK
| | - Nicolette S Roach
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jon Paul Rodríguez
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Caracas, Venezuela.,Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Investigation (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.,Provita, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Philip J K McGowan
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Chowdhury S, Shahriar SA, Böhm M, Jain A, Aich U, Zalucki MP, Hesselberg T, Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Persson AS, Roy DK, Rahman S, Ahmed S, Fuller RA. Urban green spaces in Dhaka, Bangladesh, harbour nearly half the country’s butterfly diversity. Journal of Urban Ecology 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cities currently harbour more than half of the world’s human population and continued urban expansion replaces natural landscapes and increases habitat fragmentation. The impacts of urbanisation on biodiversity have been extensively studied in some parts of the world, but there is limited information from South Asia, despite the rapid expansion of cities in the region. Here, we present the results of monthly surveys of butterflies in three urban parks in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, over a 3-year period (January 2014 to December 2016). We recorded 45% (137 of the 305 species) of the country’s butterfly richness, and 40% of the species detected are listed as nationally threatened. However, butterfly species richness declined rapidly in the three study areas over the 3-year period, and the decline appeared to be more severe among threatened species. We developed linear mixed effect models to assess the relationship between climatic variables and butterfly species richness. Overall, species richness was positively associated with maximum temperature and negatively with mean relative humidity and saturation deficit. Our results demonstrate the importance of urban green spaces for nationally threatened butterflies. With rapidly declining urban green spaces in Dhaka and other South Asian cities, we are likely to lose refuges for threatened fauna. There is an urgent need to understand urban biodiversity dynamics in the region, and for proactive management of urban green spaces to protect butterflies in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawan Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shihab A Shahriar
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Anuj Jain
- BirdLife International (Asia), 354 Tanglin Road, #01-16/17, Tanglin International Centre, Singapore, 247672, Singapore
- Nature Society (Singapore), 510 Geylang Road, Singapore 389466, Singapore
| | - Upama Aich
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Federico Morelli
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Community Ecology & Conservation, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yanina Benedetti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Community Ecology & Conservation, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna S Persson
- Center for Environment and Climate Research (CEC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deponkor K Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Rahman
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Hochkirch A, Samways MJ, Gerlach J, Böhm M, Williams P, Cardoso P, Cumberlidge N, Stephenson PJ, Seddon MB, Clausnitzer V, Borges PAV, Mueller GM, Pearce-Kelly P, Raimondo DC, Danielczak A, Dijkstra KDB. A strategy for the next decade to address data deficiency in neglected biodiversity. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:502-509. [PMID: 32656858 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring progress toward international biodiversity targets requires robust information on the conservation status of species, which the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species provides. However, data and capacity are lacking for most hyperdiverse groups, such as invertebrates, plants, and fungi, particularly in megadiverse or high-endemism regions. Conservation policies and biodiversity strategies aimed at halting biodiversity loss by 2020 need to be adapted to tackle these information shortfalls after 2020. We devised an 8-point strategy to close existing data gaps by reviving explorative field research on the distribution, abundance, and ecology of species; linking taxonomic research more closely with conservation; improving global biodiversity databases by making the submission of spatially explicit data mandatory for scientific publications; developing a global spatial database on threats to biodiversity to facilitate IUCN Red List assessments; automating preassessments by integrating distribution data and spatial threat data; building capacity in taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity monitoring in countries with high species richness or endemism; creating species monitoring programs for lesser-known taxa; and developing sufficient funding mechanisms to reduce reliance on voluntary efforts. Implementing these strategies in the post-2020 biodiversity framework will help to overcome the lack of capacity and data regarding the conservation status of biodiversity. This will require a collaborative effort among scientists, policy makers, and conservation practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Samways
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Justin Gerlach
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Peterhouse, Cambridge, CB2 1RD, U.K
| | - Monika Böhm
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042, Portugal
| | - Neil Cumberlidge
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, 49855, U.S.A
| | - P J Stephenson
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- Science & Economic Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- Ecosystem Management Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mary B Seddon
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, Exbourne, Okehampton, EX20 3RD, U.K
| | - Viola Clausnitzer
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Görlitz, 02826, Germany
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042, Portugal
| | - Gregory M Mueller
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60022, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Anja Danielczak
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Trier, D-54286, Germany
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Böhm M, Gellner R. [Neuroendorine paraneoplastic syndromes]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:299-306. [PMID: 33661337 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin is commonly affected by neuroendorine paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). This is due to the expression of receptors in the skin by which abnormally secreted neuroendocrine hormones and mediators elicit directly, and indirectly, cutaneous key signs and thus facilitate early diagnosis of these diseases. In acromegaly, induction of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor‑1 axis results in trophic changes of the acral portions of the skin and mucosal membranes including cutis verticis gyrata. The skin signs of non-iatrogenic Cushing syndrome are identical with those of exogenous prolonged intake of glucocorticoids: centripetal accumulation of adipose tissue, plethora and striae distensae. Episodic flushing of the face and trunk (together with explosive diarrhea) is a key feature of carcinoid tumors. Fibrotic remodeling of the heart and retroperitoneal space, and less commonly of the skin, are important complications mediated by abnormally secreted 5‑hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5‑HT), the latter eliciting profibrotic responses on HT2B-receptor-expressing fibroblasts. Androgen-secreting tumors lead to well-established receptor-mediated cutaneous signs of peripheral hyperandrogenisms: seborrhea, acne, hirsutism, and androgenetic alopecia. In contrast, the pathogenesis of necrolytic migratory erythema as a key feature of glucagonoma remains incompletely understood and is thought to be related to hypoaminoacidemia. This review summarizes the clinical features of neuroendocrine PNS with skin involvement, elucidates its underlying pathophysiology, lists differential diagnoses, and explains key diagnostic steps and principal therapeutic options. An interdisciplinary approach is essential to provide the best care of all patients with neuroendocrine PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Böhm
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
| | - R Gellner
- Medizinische Klinik B, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
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26
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Wedegärtner SM, Böhm M, Kindermann I. Erratum zu: Kognitive Dysfunktion bei Herzinsuffizienz – Ursachen und Folgen. Internist (Berl) 2020; 61:1031. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-020-00875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Emrich IE, Lizzi F, Siegel JD, Seiler-Mussler S, Ukena C, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, D'Amelio R, Wagenpfeil S, Brandenburg VM, Böhm M, Fliser D, Heine GH. Hypophosphatemia after high-dose iron repletion with ferric carboxymaltose and ferric derisomaltose-the randomized controlled HOMe aFers study. BMC Med 2020; 18:178. [PMID: 32654663 PMCID: PMC7359262 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with iron deficiency anemia, ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and ferric derisomaltose (FDI) allow high-dose iron repletion. While FCM is reported to induce hypophosphatemia, the frequency of hypophosphatemia after an equivalent dosage of FDI had not been assessed prospectively. METHODS In the prospective, single-center, double-blind HOMe aFers study, 26 women with iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dL plus either plasma ferritin ≤ 100 ng/mL or a plasma ferritin ≤ 300 ng/mL and transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≤ 30%) were randomized to a single intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg body weight (up to a maximum of 1000 mg) FCM or FDI. The primary endpoint was the incidence of hypophosphatemia (plasma phosphorus levels < 2.0 mg/dL at day 1, day 7 ± 2, and/or day 35 ± 2 after the infusion). In order to investigate potential skeletal and cardiovascular implications, we assessed changes in other components of mineral and bone metabolism, left ventricular function, and arrhythmias. RESULTS Hypophosphatemia occurred more frequently in women treated with FCM (9 out of 12 [75%]) than in those treated with FDI (1 out of 13 [8%]; p = 0.001). Within 24 h after iron supplementation, women in the FCM group had significant higher plasma intact FGF23 (p < 0.001) and lower plasma 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.001). As an indicator of urinary phosphorus losses, urinary fractional phosphorus excretion was higher in the FCM group (p = 0.021 at day 7 ± 2 after iron supplementation). We did not observe differences in skeletal and cardiovascular markers, potentially because of the limited number of participants. CONCLUSIONS While both FCM and FDI provide efficient iron repletion in participants with iron deficiency anemia, FCM induced hypophosphatemia more often than FDI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov NCT02905539. Registered on 8 September 2016. 2015-004808-36 (EudraCT Number) U1111-1176-4563 (WHO Universal Trial Number) DRKS00010766 (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien).
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Emrich
- Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - F Lizzi
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - J D Siegel
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - S Seiler-Mussler
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,VAUBAN Praxis Saarlouis, Saarlouis, Germany
| | - C Ukena
- Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - D Kaddu-Mulindwa
- Internal Medicine I-Hematology and Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - R D'Amelio
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - S Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University Medical Center, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - V M Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Rhein-Maas Klinikum, Würselen, Germany
| | - M Böhm
- Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - D Fliser
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - G H Heine
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany. .,AGAPLESION MARKUS KRANKENHAUS, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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28
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Böhm M, Kemp EH, Metze D, Muresan AM, Neufeld M, Luiten RM, Ruck T. Alemtuzumab-induced halo naevus-like hypopigmentation - new insights into secondary skin autoimmunity in response to an immune cell-depleting antibody. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:e28-e30. [PMID: 32579750 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - E H Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Metze
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A M Muresan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Neufeld
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - R M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Ruck
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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29
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Gumbs R, Gray CL, Böhm M, Hoffmann M, Grenyer R, Jetz W, Meiri S, Roll U, Owen NR, Rosindell J. Global priorities for conservation of reptilian phylogenetic diversity in the face of human impacts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2616. [PMID: 32457412 PMCID: PMC7250838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic diversity measures are increasingly used in conservation planning to represent aspects of biodiversity beyond that captured by species richness. Here we develop two new metrics that combine phylogenetic diversity and the extent of human pressure across the spatial distribution of species - one metric valuing regions and another prioritising species. We evaluate these metrics for reptiles, which have been largely neglected in previous studies, and contrast these results with equivalent calculations for all terrestrial vertebrate groups. We find that regions under high human pressure coincide with the most irreplaceable areas of reptilian diversity, and more than expected by chance. The highest priority reptile species score far above the top mammal and bird species, and reptiles include a disproportionate number of species with insufficient extinction risk data. Data Deficient species are, in terms of our species-level metric, comparable to Critically Endangered species and therefore may require urgent conservation attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Gumbs
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP, Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- EDGE of Existence Programme, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Claudia L Gray
- EDGE of Existence Programme, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Richard Grenyer
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Walter Jetz
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Nisha R Owen
- On The EDGE Conservation, 152a Walton St, Chelsea, London, SW3 2JJ, UK
| | - James Rosindell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
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30
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Ullrich N, Metze D, Böhm M. [Flesh-coloured hyperkeratotic papules on the dorsae of the hands]. Hautarzt 2020; 71:328-330. [PMID: 32077976 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-020-04557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Ullrich
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten - Allgemeine Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
| | - D Metze
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten - Allgemeine Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
| | - M Böhm
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten - Allgemeine Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
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31
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Harvey JA, Heinen R, Armbrecht I, Basset Y, Baxter-Gilbert JH, Bezemer TM, Böhm M, Bommarco R, Borges PAV, Cardoso P, Clausnitzer V, Cornelisse T, Crone EE, Dicke M, Dijkstra KDB, Dyer L, Ellers J, Fartmann T, Forister ML, Furlong MJ, Garcia-Aguayo A, Gerlach J, Gols R, Goulson D, Habel JC, Haddad NM, Hallmann CA, Henriques S, Herberstein ME, Hochkirch A, Hughes AC, Jepsen S, Jones TH, Kaydan BM, Kleijn D, Klein AM, Latty T, Leather SR, Lewis SM, Lister BC, Losey JE, Lowe EC, Macadam CR, Montoya-Lerma J, Nagano CD, Ogan S, Orr MC, Painting CJ, Pham TH, Potts SG, Rauf A, Roslin TL, Samways MJ, Sanchez-Bayo F, Sar SA, Schultz CB, Soares AO, Thancharoen A, Tscharntke T, Tylianakis JM, Umbers KDL, Vet LEM, Visser ME, Vujic A, Wagner DL, WallisDeVries MF, Westphal C, White TE, Wilkins VL, Williams PH, Wyckhuys KAG, Zhu ZR, de Kroon H. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:174-176. [PMID: 31907382 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Harvey
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin Heinen
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Armbrecht
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yves Basset
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of Azores, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas-Douwe B Dijkstra
- IUCN SSC Freshwater Conservation Committee, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lee Dyer
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Fartmann
- Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Justin Gerlach
- IUCN SSC Terrestrial Invertebrate Red List Authority, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Jan-Christian Habel
- Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nick M Haddad
- Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | - Caspar A Hallmann
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marie E Herberstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Alice C Hughes
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Sarina Jepsen
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Hefin Jones
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bora M Kaydan
- Biotechnology Application and Research Centre, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tanya Latty
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon R Leather
- Crop & Environment Science, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Sara M Lewis
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Lister
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - John E Losey
- Entomology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig R Macadam
- Buglife - The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Ogan
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Michael C Orr
- Key Laboratory for Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Thai-Hong Pham
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature & Graduate School of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, UK
| | - Aunu Rauf
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tomas L Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael J Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | | | - Sim A Sar
- National Agricultural Research Institute, Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Cheryl B Schultz
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, British Columbia, USA
| | - António O Soares
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of Azores, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anchana Thancharoen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Bio-protection Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kate D L Umbers
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise E M Vet
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ante Vujic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - David L Wagner
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting (Dutch Butterfly Conservation) & Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas E White
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vicky L Wilkins
- IUCN SSC Mid Atlantic Island Invertebrate Specialist Group, IUCN, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Insect Pests and Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Sergio Henriques
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D-54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Jon Paul Rodríguez
- IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Calle La Joya, Edificio Unidad Técnica del Este, Chacao, Caracas 1060, Venezuela.,Provita, Calle La Joya, Edificio Unidad Técnica del Este, Chacao, Caracas 1060, Venezuela.,Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Investigation (IVIC), Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
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Henriques S, Böhm M, Collen B, Luedtke J, Hoffmann M, Hilton‐Taylor C, Cardoso P, Butchart SHM, Freeman R. Accelerating the monitoring of global biodiversity: Revisiting the sampled approach to generating Red List Indices. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Henriques
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London London UK
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London London UK
| | | | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy ProgrammesZoological Society of London London UK
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Stuart H. M. Butchart
- BirdLife InternationalDavid Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
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Komajda M, Schöpe J, Wagenpfeil S, Tavazzi L, Böhm M, Ponikowski P, Anker S, Filippatos G, Cowie M. Physicians’ guideline adherence is associated with long-term heart failure mortality in outpatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The QUALIFY international registry. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ewen S, Mahfoud F, Lauder L, Scheller B, Böhm M. [Valvular heart disease in patients with chronic kidney disease]. Internist (Berl) 2019; 61:368-374. [PMID: 31664462 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-019-00692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Valvular heart disease is a common comorbidity in patients with impaired renal function, especially in those with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. Sclerosis and calcification of the heart valves and the valve ring are particularly relevant in the etiology of the diseases. These typically occur at the aortic and mitral valves and can lead to both insufficiency and stenosis of the affected valve. In the current guidelines of the European Society for Cardiology published in 2017, surgical treatment remains the standard of care for most forms of severe valvular heart disease; however, the presence of chronic kidney disease impairs clinical outcomes and is associated with higher mortality rates when compared to patients with preserved renal function. Catheter-based treatment options have emerged as an effective and safe alternative for patients >75 years and/or with increased surgical risk. Consequently, in patients with appropriate anatomy and elevated risk, interventional treatment options should also be discussed in the heart team.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., IMED, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - F Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., IMED, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - L Lauder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., IMED, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - B Scheller
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., IMED, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - M Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., IMED, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Sigwart
- Queen's University Belfast, Marine Laboratory, Portaferry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Elin A Thomas
- Queen's University Belfast, Marine Laboratory, Portaferry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Mary Seddon
- IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, Devon, UK
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Verma S, Böhm M, Brueckmann M, Fitchett D, George J, Inzucchi S, Marx N, Mattheus M, Ofstad A, Slawik J, Wanner C, Zinman B. HEART FAILURE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES WITH AND WITHOUT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION - DATA FROM THE EMPA-REG OUTCOME STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Tsiskarishvili N, Stegemann A, König S, Schreiber U, Hiroshi I, Böhm M. 659 Towards functional analysis of prolylcarboxypeptidase in human skin - a regulator of alpha-MSH activity? J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stegemann A, Böhm M. 628 Activation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor improves skin fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Gkogkolou P, Sarna M, Sarna T, Paus R, Luger T, Böhm M. HG in keratinocytes and the impact of KdPT. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Gkogkolou P, Sarna M, Sarna T, Paus R, Luger T, Böhm M. 角质形成细胞中的 HG 和 KdPT 的影响. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reiff T, Eckstein HH, Mansmann U, Jansen O, Fraedrich G, Mudra H, Böckler D, Böhm M, Brückmann H, Debus ES, Fiehler J, Lang W, Mathias K, Ringelstein EB, Schmidli J, Stingele R, Zahn R, Zeller T, Hetzel A, Bodechtel U, Binder A, Glahn J, Hacke W, Ringleb PA. Angioplasty in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis vs. endarterectomy compared to best medical treatment: One-year interim results of SPACE-2. Int J Stroke 2019; 15:1747493019833017. [PMID: 30873912 PMCID: PMC7416333 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019833017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of individuals with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is still handled controversially. Recommendations for treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are based on trials having recruited patients more than 15 years ago. Registry data indicate that advances in best medical treatment (BMT) may lead to a markedly decreasing risk of stroke in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The aim of the SPACE-2 trial (ISRCTN78592017) was to compare the stroke preventive effects of BMT alone with that of BMT in combination with CEA or carotid artery stenting (CAS), respectively, in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of ≥70% European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) criteria. METHODS SPACE-2 is a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open study. A major secondary endpoint was the cumulative rate of any stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) or death from any cause within 30 days plus an ipsilateral ischemic stroke within one year of follow-up. Safety was assessed as the rate of any stroke and death from any cause within 30 days after CEA or CAS. Protocol changes had to be implemented. The results on the one-year period after treatment are reported. FINDINGS It was planned to enroll 3550 patients. Due to low recruitment, the enrollment of patients was stopped prematurely after randomization of 513 patients in 36 centers to CEA (n = 203), CAS (n = 197), or BMT (n = 113). The one-year rate of the major secondary endpoint did not significantly differ between groups (CEA 2.5%, CAS 3.0%, BMT 0.9%; p = 0.530) as well as rates of any stroke (CEA 3.9%, CAS 4.1%, BMT 0.9%; p = 0.256) and all-cause mortality (CEA 2.5%, CAS 1.0%, BMT 3.5%; p = 0.304). About half of all strokes occurred in the peri-interventional period. Higher albeit statistically non-significant rates of restenosis occurred in the stenting group (CEA 2.0% vs. CAS 5.6%; p = 0.068) without evidence of increased stroke rates. INTERPRETATION The low sample size of this prematurely stopped trial of 513 patients implies that its power is not sufficient to show that CEA or CAS is superior to a modern medical therapy (BMT) in the primary prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with an asymptomatic carotid stenosis up to one year after treatment. Also, no evidence for differences in safety between CAS and CEA during the first year after treatment could be derived. Follow-up will be performed up to five years. Data may be used for pooled analysis with ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reiff
- Department of Neurology, University
Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - HH Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - U Mansmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics,
Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich,
Germany
| | - O Jansen
- Department of Radiology and
Neuroradiology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - G Fraedrich
- Department of Vascular Surgery,
University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Mudra
- Department of Internal Medicine,
Städtisches Klinikum München-Neuperlach, Munich, Germany
| | - D Böckler
- Department of Vascular Surgery,
University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine,
University Hospital of Homburg/Saar, Homburg, Germany
| | - H Brückmann
- Department of Neuroradiology,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - ES Debus
- Department of Vascular Surgery,
University Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology,
University Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Lang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,
University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Mathias
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum
Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - EB Ringelstein
- Department of Neurology,
University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - J Schmidli
- Department of Vascular Surgery,
University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Stingele
- Department of Neurology,
University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Zahn
- Department of Internal Medicine,
Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - T Zeller
- Department of Angiology,
University Hospital Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - A Hetzel
- Department of Neurology,
University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Bodechtel
- Department of Neurology,
University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Binder
- Department of Neurology, UKSH
Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J Glahn
- Department of Neurology, Johannes
Wesling Klinikum, Minden, Germany
| | - W Hacke
- Department of Neurology, University
Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - PA Ringleb
- Department of Neurology, University
Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are the most prevalent diseases in the aging population. Both are important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications and are associated with a high mortality. Both diseases are often first recognized late. The prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus is favorably influenced by an optimal adjustment of blood sugar and blood pressure, as confirmed in large randomized clinical trials. Patients with diabetes mellitus and a blood pressure >130/80 mm Hg should first receive life style counseling with respect to nutrition and activity. Drug treatment for reduction of blood pressure is recommended for a blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dederer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 41.1, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - Y Bewarder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 41.1, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - F Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 41.1, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - M Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 41.1, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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44
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Böhm M, Brueckmann M, Fitchett D, George J, Inzucchi S, Marx N, Mattheus M, Ofstad A, Slawik J, Verma S, Wanner C, Zinman B. Heart Failure Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes With and Without Atrial Fibrillation – Data From the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Gkogkolou P, Sarna M, Sarna T, Paus R, Luger T, Böhm M. Protection of glucotoxicity by a tripeptide derivative of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone in human epidermal keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:836-848. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gkogkolou
- Department of Dermatology Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology University of Münster Von Esmarch‐Str. 58 48149 Münster Germany
| | - M. Sarna
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
- Laboratory of Imaging and Atomic Force Spectroscopy Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
| | - T. Sarna
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
- Laboratory of Imaging and Atomic Force Spectroscopy Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
| | - R. Paus
- Department of Dermatology Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology University of Münster Von Esmarch‐Str. 58 48149 Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester Manchester U.K
| | - T.A. Luger
- Department of Dermatology Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology University of Münster Von Esmarch‐Str. 58 48149 Münster Germany
| | - M. Böhm
- Department of Dermatology Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology University of Münster Von Esmarch‐Str. 58 48149 Münster Germany
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46
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Hossain MA, Lahoz-Monfort JJ, Burgman MA, Böhm M, Kujala H, Bland LM. Assessing the vulnerability of freshwater crayfish to climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwar Hossain
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | - Mark A. Burgman
- Centre for Environmental Policy; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park; London UK
| | - Heini Kujala
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Lucie M. Bland
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
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Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading diseases in internal medicine worldwide. Because of the increase in population aging, the incidence and prevalence of heart insufficiency is rising annually and is now the most frequent individual diagnosis among hospitalized patients in Germany. The mortality rate has recently been reduced, since new pharmacological options, especially the inhibition of neprilysin, have been developed; however, heart failure is still associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Thus, guideline-conform treatment is of crucial importance. This review highlights and summarizes the current scientific knowledge on heart failure from 2017 and 2018 based on the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. New aspects about heart failure with middle grade limitations of ejection fraction are firstly presented. Subsequently, innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, new pharmacological developments and handling of frequent comorbidities in patients with heart failure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wintrich
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - I Kindermann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - M Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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48
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Trull N, Böhm M, Carr J. Patterns and biases of climate change threats in the IUCN Red List. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:135-147. [PMID: 28861903 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments rely on published data and expert inputs, and biases can be introduced where underlying definitions and concepts are ambiguous. Consideration of climate change threat is no exception, and recently numerous approaches to assessing the threat of climate change to species have been developed. We explored IUCN Red List assessments of amphibians and birds to determine whether species listed as threatened by climate change display distinct patterns in terms of habitat occupied and additional nonclimatic threats faced. We compared IUCN Red List data with a published data set of species' biological and ecological traits believed to infer high vulnerability to climate change and determined whether distributions of climate change-threatened species on the IUCN Red List concur with those of climate change-threatened species identified with the trait-based approach and whether species possessing these traits are more likely to have climate change listed as a threat on the IUCN Red List. Species in some ecosystems (e.g., grassland, shrubland) and subject to particular threats (e.g., invasive species) were more likely to have climate change as a listed threat. Geographical patterns of climate change-threatened amphibians and birds on the IUCN Red List were incongruent with patterns of global species richness and patterns identified using trait-based approaches. Certain traits were linked to increases or decreases in the likelihood of a species being threatened by climate change. Broad temperature tolerance of a species was consistently related to an increased likelihood of climate change threat, indicating counterintuitive relationships in IUCN assessments. To improve the robustness of species assessments of the vulnerability or extinction risk associated with climate change, we suggest IUCN adopt a more cohesive approach whereby specific traits highlighted by our results are considered in Red List assessments. To achieve this and to strengthen the climate change-vulnerability assessments approach, it is necessary to identify and implement logical avenues for further research into traits that make species vulnerable to climate change (including population-level threats).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Jamie Carr
- Global Species Programme, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
- Climate Change Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, IUCN, 28 rue Mauverney, Gland CH-1196, Switzerland
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49
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungAntikörper gegen das antikoagulatorisch wirkende Annexin V, das in der Plazenta vorkommt, wurden in aktuellen Arbeiten in Zusammenhang mit rezidivierenden Aborten oder wiederholten Fehlversuchen von In-vitro-Fertilisierungen (IVF) gebracht und zum Teil kontrovers diskutiert. Patientinnen, Material, Methoden: Wir untersuchten die Plasmen von 56 Frauen (mittleres Lebensalter 34,7 Jahre) mit wiederholten IVF-Fehlversuchen und/oder rezidivierenden Frühaborten auf APC-Resistenz, Lupusantikoagulanzien und Antikörper gegen Annexin V, Cardiolipin oder β2-Glykoprotein-1. Ergebnisse: Das Vorkommen von APC-Resistenz war mit 14% (8/56) am häufigsten, gefolgt von erhöhten Antikörperspiegel gegen Cardiolipin (IgG/ IgM) mit 12% (7/56), Antikörper gegen β2-Glykoprotein-1 (3/56, 5%) und Annexin-V (1/56, 2%). 42 (75%) dieser Patientinnen hatten einen weiteren IVF-Versuch und erhielten niedermolekulares Heparin und/oder Azetylsalizylsäure im Falle einer APC-Resistenz, eines Lupusantikoagulanz oder eines erhöhten Antikörperspiegels gegen Cardiolipin oder β2-Glykoprotein-1. Bei den neuerlichen IVF-Versuchen resultierten 19 (34%) Schwangerschaften, davon nur 4 Frühaborte (7%). Die einzige Patientin mit erhöhter Anti-Annexin-V-Konzentration, die davor 7 frustrane IVF-Versuche hatte, erhielt während des 8. IVF-Versuchs 40 mg Enoxaparin (Lovenox®) einmal täglich subkutan und wurde schwanger. Diskussion, Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei Frauen mit häufigen IVF-Misserfolgen eine Anti-Annexin-V-Positivität weitaus seltener vorkommt als APC-Resistenz, Lupusantikoagulanzien oder erhöhte Antikörperspiegel gegen Cardiolipin oder β2-Glykoprotein. Das IVF-Ergebnis von Frauen mit APCResistenz, Lupusantikoagulanzien oder erhöhte Antikörperspiegel gegen Cardiolipin oder β2-Glykoprotein scheint durch niedermolekulares Heparin positiv beeinflusst zu werden.
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50
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Roll U, Feldman A, Novosolov M, Allison A, Bauer AM, Bernard R, Böhm M, Castro-Herrera F, Chirio L, Collen B, Colli GR, Dabool L, Das I, Doan TM, Grismer LL, Hoogmoed M, Itescu Y, Kraus F, LeBreton M, Lewin A, Martins M, Maza E, Meirte D, Nagy ZT, Nogueira CDC, Pauwels OSG, Pincheira-Donoso D, Powney GD, Sindaco R, Tallowin O, Torres-Carvajal O, Trape JF, Vidan E, Uetz P, Wagner P, Wang Y, Orme CDL, Grenyer R, Meiri S. Author Correction: The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:193. [PMID: 29208994 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Roll
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QY, UK.,Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Anat Feldman
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Maria Novosolov
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Allen Allison
- Hawaii Biological Survey, 4 Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Rodolphe Bernard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- School of Basic Sciences, Physiology Sciences Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lital Dabool
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Tiffany M Doan
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Lee L Grismer
- Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, 92505, USA
| | - Marinus Hoogmoed
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/CZO, Caixa Postal 399, Belém, Pará, 66017-970, Brazil
| | - Yuval Itescu
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Fred Kraus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann-Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| | - Matthew LeBreton
- Mosaic, (Environment, Health, Data, Technology), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Amir Lewin
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Erez Maza
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Danny Meirte
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
| | - Zoltán T Nagy
- Joint sExperimental Molecular Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Cristiano de C Nogueira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Olivier S G Pauwels
- Département des Vertébrés Récents, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Gary D Powney
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Roberto Sindaco
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Carmagnola, TO, I-10022, Italy
| | - Oliver Tallowin
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, UMR MIVEGEC, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Enav Vidan
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Peter Uetz
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.,Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, D-81247, Germany
| | - Yuezhao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - C David L Orme
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Richard Grenyer
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QY, UK
| | - Shai Meiri
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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