1
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Dancer A, Keane A, Beale CM, Dobson ADM, Amin R, Freeman R, Imong I, Jones K, Linkie M, Long B, Okeke FO, Plumptre AJ, Rowcliffe JM, Stokes EJ, van der Westhuizen E, Collen B. Evidence of deterrence from patrol data: Trialling application of a differenced‐
CPUE
metric. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aidan Keane
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | | | | | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - Inaoyom Imong
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Nigeria‐Program Calabar Nigeria
| | - Kate Jones
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research University College London London UK
| | - Matthew Linkie
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation New York New York USA
| | - Barney Long
- Global Wildlife Conservation Austin Texas USA
| | | | | | | | - Emma J. Stokes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation New York New York USA
| | | | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research University College London London UK
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2
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Oshima JEDF, Jorge MLS, Sobral-Souza T, Börger L, Keuroghlian A, Peres CA, Vancine MH, Collen B, Ribeiro MC. Setting priority conservation management regions to reverse rapid range decline of a key neotropical forest ungulate. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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3
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Watermeyer KE, Guillera-Arroita G, Bal P, Burgass MJ, Bland LM, Collen B, Hallam C, Kelly LT, McCarthy MA, Regan TJ, Stevenson S, Wintle BA, Nicholson E. Using decision science to evaluate global biodiversity indices. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:492-501. [PMID: 32557849 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity indices are used to measure environmental change and progress toward conservation goals, yet few indices have been evaluated comprehensively for their capacity to detect trends of interest, such as declines in threatened species or ecosystem function. Using a structured approach based on decision science, we qualitatively evaluated 9 indices commonly used to track biodiversity at global and regional scales against 5 criteria relating to objectives, design, behavior, incorporation of uncertainty, and constraints (e.g., costs and data availability). Evaluation was based on reference literature for indices available at the time of assessment. We identified 4 key gaps in indices assessed: pathways to achieving goals (means objectives) were not always clear or relevant to desired outcomes (fundamental objectives); index testing and understanding of expected behavior was often lacking; uncertainty was seldom acknowledged or accounted for; and costs of implementation were seldom considered. These gaps may render indices inadequate in certain decision-making contexts and are problematic for indices linked with biodiversity targets and sustainability goals. Ensuring that index objectives are clear and their design is underpinned by a model of relevant processes are crucial in addressing the gaps identified by our assessment. Uptake and productive use of indices will be improved if index performance is tested rigorously and assumptions and uncertainties are clearly communicated to end users. This will increase index accuracy and value in tracking biodiversity change and supporting national and global policy decisions, such as the post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Watermeyer
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | | | - Payal Bal
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Burgass
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, U.K
- Biodiversify, Newark, Nottinghamshire, NG24, U.K
| | - Lucie M Bland
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Lucie Bland Editing, 1-3 Theobald Street, Thornbury, VIC, 3071, Australia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetic, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Chris Hallam
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Luke T Kelly
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael A McCarthy
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tracey J Regan
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Simone Stevenson
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Brendan A Wintle
- Quantitative and Applied Ecology, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Emily Nicholson
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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4
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Henriques S, Böhm M, Collen B, Luedtke J, Hoffmann M, Hilton‐Taylor C, Cardoso P, Butchart SHM, Freeman R. Accelerating the monitoring of global biodiversity: Revisiting the sampled approach to generating Red List Indices. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Henriques
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London London UK
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London London UK
| | | | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy ProgrammesZoological Society of London London UK
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Stuart H. M. Butchart
- BirdLife InternationalDavid Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
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5
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Newbold T, Bentley LF, Hill SLL, Edgar MJ, Horton M, Su G, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Collen B, Purvis A. Global effects of land use on biodiversity differ among functional groups. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
| | - Laura F. Bentley
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge UK
| | - Samantha L. L. Hill
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge UK
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
| | | | - Matthew Horton
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Geoffrey Su
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Çağan H. Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- College of Sciences Koç University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK
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6
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Abstract
Long-term faunal data are needed to track biodiversity change and extinction over wide spatio-temporal scales. The Holocene record is a particularly rich and well-resolved resource for this purpose but nonetheless represents a biased subset of the original faunal composition, both at the site-level assemblage and when data are pooled for wider-scale analysis. We investigated patterns and potential sources of taxonomic, spatial and temporal bias in two Holocene datasets of mammalian occurrence and abundance, one at the global species level and one at the continental population-level. Larger-bodied species are disproportionately abundant in the Holocene fossil record, but this varies according to trophic level, probably owing to past patterns of human subsistence and exploitation. Despite the uneven spatial distribution of mammalian occurrence records, we found no specific source of sampling bias, suggesting that this error type can be avoided by intensive data collection protocols. Faunal assemblages are more abundant and precisely dated nearer to the present as a consequence of taphonomy, past human demography and dating methods. Our study represents one of the first attempts to quantify incompleteness and bias in the Holocene mammal record, and failing to critically assess the quality of long-term faunal datasets has major implications for understanding species decline and extinction risk. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?'
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samuel T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
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7
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Ament JM, Collen B, Carbone C, Mace GM, Freeman R. Compatibility between agendas for improving human development and wildlife conservation outside protected areas: Insights from 20 years of data. People Nat (Hoboken) 2019; 1:305-316. [PMID: 34901763 PMCID: PMC8641387 DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include economic, social and environmental dimensions of human development and make explicit commitments to all of life on Earth. Evidence of continuing global biodiversity loss has, at the same time, led to a succession of internationally agreed conservation targets.With multiple targets (even within one policy realm, e.g. the CBD Aichi Targets for biodiversity), it is possible for different indicators to respond in the same direction, in opposite directions or to show no particular relationship. When considering the different sectors of the SDGs, there are many possible relationships among indicators that have been widely discussed, but rarely analysed in detail.Here, we present a comparative cross-national analysis exploring temporally integrated linkages between human development indicators and wildlife conservation trends.The results suggest that in lower income countries there are negative relationships between measures of human population growth and bird and mammal population abundance trends outside protected areas.The results also suggest a positive relationship between economic growth and wildlife population trends in lower income countries. We stress, however, the need for future research to further explore the relationships between economic growth and natural resource-based imports.Our results highlight a clear potential for compatibility of the conservation and development agendas and support the need for further integration among sustainable development strategies. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M. Ament
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chris Carbone
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
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8
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Black C, Collen B, Lunn D, Filby D, Winnard S, Hart T. Time-lapse cameras reveal latitude and season influence breeding phenology durations in penguins. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8286-8296. [PMID: 30250703 PMCID: PMC6144991 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the phenology of avian taxa has long been studied to understand how a species reacts to environmental changes over both space and time. Penguins (Sphenicidae) serve as an important example of how biotic and abiotic factors influence certain stages of seabird phenology because of their large ranges and the extreme, dynamic conditions present in their Southern Ocean habitats. Here, we examined the phenology of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at 17 sites across the Scotia arc, including the first documented monitoring of phenology on the South Sandwich Islands, to determine which breeding phases are intrinsic, or rather vary across a species range and between years. We used a novel method to measure seabird breeding phenology and egg and chick survival: time-lapse cameras. Contrary to the long-standing theory that these phases are consistent between colonies, we found that latitude and season had a predominant influence on the length of the nest establishment, incubation, and guard durations. We observe a trend toward longer incubation times occurring farther south, where ambient temperatures are colder, which may indicate that exposure to cold slows embryo growth. Across species, in colonies located farther south, parents abandoned nests later when eggs were lost or chicks died and the latest record of eggs or chicks in the nest occurred earlier during the breeding period. The variation in both space and time observed in penguin phenology provides evidence that the duration of phases within the annual cycle of birds is not fundamental, or genetic, as previously understood. Additionally, the recorded phenology dates should inform field researchers on the best timing to count colonies at the peak of breeding, which is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Black
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Lunn
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Stephanie Winnard
- British Antarctic SurveyCambridgeUK
- Royal Society for the Protection of BirdsSandyUK
| | - Tom Hart
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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9
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Meredith HM, St. John FA, Collen B, Black SA, Griffiths RA. Practitioner and scientist perceptions of successful amphibian conservation. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:366-375. [PMID: 28856725 PMCID: PMC6849735 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conservation requires successful outcomes. However, success is perceived in many different ways depending on the desired outcome. Through a questionnaire survey, we examined perceptions of success among 355 scientists and practitioners working on amphibian conservation from over 150 organizations in more than 50 countries. We also sought to identify how different types of conservation actions and respondent experience and background influenced perceptions. Respondents identified 4 types of success: species and habitat improvements (84% of respondents); effective program management (36%); outreach initiatives such as education and public engagement (25%); and the application of science-based conservation (15%). The most significant factor influencing overall perceived success was reducing threats. Capacity building was rated least important. Perceptions were influenced by experience, professional affiliation, involvement in conservation practice, and country of residence. More experienced practitioners associated success with improvements to species and habitats and less so with education and engagement initiatives. Although science-based conservation was rated as important, this factor declined in importance as the number of programs a respondent participated in increased, particularly among those from less economically developed countries. The ultimate measure of conservation success-population recovery-may be difficult to measure in many amphibians; difficult to relate to the conservation actions intended to drive it; and difficult to achieve within conventional funding time frames. The relaunched Amphibian Conservation Action Plan provides a framework for capturing lower level processes and outcomes, identifying gaps, and measuring progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M.R. Meredith
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonRegent's ParkLondon NW1 4RYU.K.
- Current address: Amphibian Survival AllianceSynchronicity Earth32A Thurloe PlaceLondon SW7 2HQU.K.
| | - Freya A.V. St. John
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
- Current address: School of Environment, Natural Resources and GeographyBangor UniversityBangor, GwyneddLL57 2UWU.K.
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTU.K.
| | - Simon A. Black
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
| | - Richard A. Griffiths
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
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10
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Roll U, Feldman A, Novosolov M, Allison A, Bauer AM, Bernard R, Böhm M, Castro-Herrera F, Chirio L, Collen B, Colli GR, Dabool L, Das I, Doan TM, Grismer LL, Hoogmoed M, Itescu Y, Kraus F, LeBreton M, Lewin A, Martins M, Maza E, Meirte D, Nagy ZT, Nogueira CDC, Pauwels OSG, Pincheira-Donoso D, Powney GD, Sindaco R, Tallowin O, Torres-Carvajal O, Trape JF, Vidan E, Uetz P, Wagner P, Wang Y, Orme CDL, Grenyer R, Meiri S. Author Correction: The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:193. [PMID: 29208994 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Roll
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QY, UK.,Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Anat Feldman
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Maria Novosolov
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Allen Allison
- Hawaii Biological Survey, 4 Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Rodolphe Bernard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- School of Basic Sciences, Physiology Sciences Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lital Dabool
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Tiffany M Doan
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Lee L Grismer
- Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, 92505, USA
| | - Marinus Hoogmoed
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/CZO, Caixa Postal 399, Belém, Pará, 66017-970, Brazil
| | - Yuval Itescu
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Fred Kraus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann-Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| | - Matthew LeBreton
- Mosaic, (Environment, Health, Data, Technology), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Amir Lewin
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Erez Maza
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Danny Meirte
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
| | - Zoltán T Nagy
- Joint sExperimental Molecular Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Cristiano de C Nogueira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Olivier S G Pauwels
- Département des Vertébrés Récents, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Gary D Powney
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Roberto Sindaco
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Carmagnola, TO, I-10022, Italy
| | - Oliver Tallowin
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, UMR MIVEGEC, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Enav Vidan
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Peter Uetz
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.,Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, D-81247, Germany
| | - Yuezhao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - C David L Orme
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Richard Grenyer
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QY, UK
| | - Shai Meiri
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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11
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Roll U, Feldman A, Novosolov M, Allison A, Bauer AM, Bernard R, Böhm M, Castro-Herrera F, Chirio L, Collen B, Colli GR, Dabool L, Das I, Doan TM, Grismer LL, Hoogmoed M, Itescu Y, Kraus F, LeBreton M, Lewin A, Martins M, Maza E, Meirte D, Nagy ZT, de C. Nogueira C, Pauwels OSG, Pincheira-Donoso D, Powney GD, Sindaco R, Tallowin OJS, Torres-Carvajal O, Trape JF, Vidan E, Uetz P, Wagner P, Wang Y, Orme CDL, Grenyer R, Meiri S. The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1677-1682. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Böhm M, Kemp R, Williams R, Davidson AD, Garcia A, McMillan KM, Bramhall HR, Collen B. Rapoport's rule and determinants of species range size in snakes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - Rachael Kemp
- Conservation Programmes Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - Rhiannon Williams
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research University College London London UK
| | - Ana D. Davidson
- Colorado Natural Heritage Program Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Andrés Garcia
- Estación de Biología Chamela Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México San Patricio Mexico
| | - Kirsten M. McMillan
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Genetics and Ecology of Amphibian Research Group Laurentian University Sudbury ON Canada
| | | | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research University College London London UK
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13
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Newbold T, Boakes EH, Hill SLL, Harfoot MBJ, Collen B. The present and future effects of land use on ecological assemblages in tropical grasslands and savannas in Africa. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Dept of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Univ. College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Elizabeth H. Boakes
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Dept of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Univ. College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Samantha L. L. Hill
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Cambridge UK
- Dept of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; London UK
| | - Michael B. J. Harfoot
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Cambridge UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Dept of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Univ. College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
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14
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Ferreira GB, Ahumada JA, Oliveira MJR, de Pinho FF, Barata IM, Carbone C, Collen B. Assessing the conservation value of secondary savanna for large mammals in the Brazilian Cerrado. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme B. Ferreira
- Instituto Biotrópicos; Praça JK, 25, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London UK
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent‘s Park London UK
| | - Jorge A. Ahumada
- Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network; The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International; 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington VA USA
| | - Marcelo J. R. Oliveira
- Instituto Biotrópicos; Praça JK, 25, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Fernando F. de Pinho
- Instituto Biotrópicos; Praça JK, 25, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais; Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Campus Universitário, Morro do Cruzeiro Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Izabela M. Barata
- Instituto Biotrópicos; Praça JK, 25, Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Marlowe Building Canterbury Kent UK
| | - Chris Carbone
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent‘s Park London UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London UK
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15
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Bland LM, Bielby J, Kearney S, Orme CDL, Watson JEM, Collen B. Toward reassessing data-deficient species. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:531-539. [PMID: 27696559 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One in 6 species (13,465 species) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is classified as data deficient due to lack of information on their taxonomy, population status, or impact of threats. Despite the chance that many are at high risk of extinction, data-deficient species are typically excluded from global and local conservation priorities, as well as funding schemes. The number of data-deficient species will greatly increase as the IUCN Red List becomes more inclusive of poorly known and speciose groups. A strategic approach is urgently needed to enhance the conservation value of data-deficient assessments. To develop this, we reviewed 2879 data-deficient assessments in 6 animal groups and identified 8 main justifications for assigning data-deficient status (type series, few records, old records, uncertain provenance, uncertain population status or distribution, uncertain threats, taxonomic uncertainty, and new species). Assigning a consistent set of justification tags (i.e., consistent assignment to assessment justifications) to species classified as data deficient is a simple way to achieve more strategic assessments. Such tags would clarify the causes of data deficiency; facilitate the prediction of extinction risk; facilitate comparisons of data deficiency among taxonomic groups; and help prioritize species for reassessment. With renewed efforts, it could be straightforward to prevent thousands of data-deficient species slipping unnoticed toward extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Bland
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jon Bielby
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Stephen Kearney
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - C David L Orme
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Programs, Bronx, NY, 10460, U.S.A
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1 E6BT, U.K
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16
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Collen B, Dulvy NK, Gaston KJ, Gärdenfors U, Keith DA, Punt AE, Regan HM, Böhm M, Hedges S, Seddon M, Butchart SHM, Hilton-Taylor C, Hoffmann M, Bachman SP, Akçakaya HR. Clarifying misconceptions of extinction risk assessment with the IUCN Red List. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2015.0843. [PMID: 27072401 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of species at risk of extinction is a central goal of conservation. As the use of data compiled for IUCN Red List assessments expands, a number of misconceptions regarding the purpose, application and use of the IUCN Red List categories and criteria have arisen. We outline five such classes of misconception; the most consequential drive proposals for adapted versions of the criteria, rendering assessments among species incomparable. A key challenge for the future will be to recognize the point where understanding has developed so markedly that it is time for the next generation of the Red List criteria. We do not believe we are there yet but, recognizing the need for scrutiny and continued development of Red Listing, conclude by suggesting areas where additional research could be valuable in improving the understanding of extinction risk among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ulf Gärdenfors
- Swedish Species Information Centre (ArtDatabanken), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - André E Punt
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915-5020, USA
| | - Helen M Regan
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Hedges
- Wildlife Conservation Society-Global Conservation Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mary Seddon
- IUCN Mollusc Specialist Group, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Steven P Bachman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H Reşit Akçakaya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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17
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Chown SL, Brooks CM, Terauds A, Le Bohec C, van Klaveren-Impagliazzo C, Whittington JD, Butchart SHM, Coetzee BWT, Collen B, Convey P, Gaston KJ, Gilbert N, Gill M, Höft R, Johnston S, Kennicutt MC, Kriesell HJ, Le Maho Y, Lynch HJ, Palomares M, Puig-Marcó R, Stoett P, McGeoch MA. Antarctica and the strategic plan for biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001656. [PMID: 28350825 PMCID: PMC5369689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, adopted under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity, provides the basis for taking effective action to curb biodiversity loss across the planet by 2020—an urgent imperative. Yet, Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, which encompass 10% of the planet’s surface, are excluded from assessments of progress against the Strategic Plan. The situation is a lost opportunity for biodiversity conservation globally. We provide such an assessment. Our evidence suggests, surprisingly, that for a region so remote and apparently pristine as the Antarctic, the biodiversity outlook is similar to that for the rest of the planet. Promisingly, however, much scope for remedial action exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra M Brooks
- School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Aleks Terauds
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco, Principality of Monaco.,Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire International Associé LIA 647 BioSensib (CSM-CNRS-UdS), Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Céline van Klaveren-Impagliazzo
- Direction des Affaires Internationales, Département des Relations Extérieures et de la Coopération, Ministère d'État, Gouvernement Princier, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Jason D Whittington
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco, Principality of Monaco.,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stuart H M Butchart
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard W T Coetzee
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Gilbert
- Antarctica New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mike Gill
- Polar Knowledge Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Höft
- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sam Johnston
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Hannah J Kriesell
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco, Principality of Monaco.,Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire International Associé LIA 647 BioSensib (CSM-CNRS-UdS), Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Heather J Lynch
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Palomares
- Sea Around Us, Global Fisheries Cluster, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Peter Stoett
- Loyola Sustainability Research Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Melodie A McGeoch
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Dyer EE, Cassey P, Redding DW, Collen B, Franks V, Gaston KJ, Jones KE, Kark S, Orme CDL, Blackburn TM. The Global Distribution and Drivers of Alien Bird Species Richness. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000942. [PMID: 28081142 PMCID: PMC5230740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alien species are a major component of human-induced environmental change. Variation in the numbers of alien species found in different areas is likely to depend on a combination of anthropogenic and environmental factors, with anthropogenic factors affecting the number of species introduced to new locations, and when, and environmental factors influencing how many species are able to persist there. However, global spatial and temporal variation in the drivers of alien introduction and species richness remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse an extensive new database of alien birds to explore what determines the global distribution of alien species richness for an entire taxonomic class. We demonstrate that the locations of origin and introduction of alien birds, and their identities, were initially driven largely by European (mainly British) colonialism. However, recent introductions are a wider phenomenon, involving more species and countries, and driven in part by increasing economic activity. We find that, globally, alien bird species richness is currently highest at midlatitudes and is strongly determined by anthropogenic effects, most notably the number of species introduced (i.e., “colonisation pressure”). Nevertheless, environmental drivers are also important, with native and alien species richness being strongly and consistently positively associated. Our results demonstrate that colonisation pressure is key to understanding alien species richness, show that areas of high native species richness are not resistant to colonisation by alien species at the global scale, and emphasise the likely ongoing threats to global environments from introductions of species. The introduction of alien species is one of the primary ways in which human actions are changing the environment. Alien species have been responsible for numerous global and local extinctions and are eroding the uniqueness of many natural environments. There is thus a basic need to understand which areas end up with more alien species. Here, we use a major new global database on the distribution of alien birds to show, first, how patterns in the number of species introduced to a location (colonisation pressure) have changed over time. We show that historical introductions were driven largely by European, and especially British, colonialism. However, the rate of bird introductions is increasing, with shifts in the locations of origin and introduction of species probably driven by the cage bird trade. We then combine information on where bird species have been introduced with a global map of alien bird species richness to identify the main drivers of richness. We show that colonisation pressure is the strongest predictor of alien bird species richness, but that there are other anthropogenic and environmental drivers. Most notably, once colonisation pressure has been accounted for, alien bird species richness is higher in areas where native bird species richness is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie E. Dyer
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Centre for Conservation Science and Technology, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David W. Redding
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Franks
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Jones
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salit Kark
- The Biodiversity Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions and NESP Threatened Species hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. David L. Orme
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Blackburn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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19
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Hudson LN, Newbold T, Contu S, Hill SLL, Lysenko I, De Palma A, Phillips HRP, Alhusseini TI, Bedford FE, Bennett DJ, Booth H, Burton VJ, Chng CWT, Choimes A, Correia DLP, Day J, Echeverría‐Londoño S, Emerson SR, Gao D, Garon M, Harrison MLK, Ingram DJ, Jung M, Kemp V, Kirkpatrick L, Martin CD, Pan Y, Pask‐Hale GD, Pynegar EL, Robinson AN, Sanchez‐Ortiz K, Senior RA, Simmons BI, White HJ, Zhang H, Aben J, Abrahamczyk S, Adum GB, Aguilar‐Barquero V, Aizen MA, Albertos B, Alcala EL, del Mar Alguacil M, Alignier A, Ancrenaz M, Andersen AN, Arbeláez‐Cortés E, Armbrecht I, Arroyo‐Rodríguez V, Aumann T, Axmacher JC, Azhar B, Azpiroz AB, Baeten L, Bakayoko A, Báldi A, Banks JE, Baral SK, Barlow J, Barratt BIP, Barrico L, Bartolommei P, Barton DM, Basset Y, Batáry P, Bates AJ, Baur B, Bayne EM, Beja P, Benedick S, Berg Å, Bernard H, Berry NJ, Bhatt D, Bicknell JE, Bihn JH, Blake RJ, Bobo KS, Bóçon R, Boekhout T, Böhning‐Gaese K, Bonham KJ, Borges PAV, Borges SH, Boutin C, Bouyer J, Bragagnolo C, Brandt JS, Brearley FQ, Brito I, Bros V, Brunet J, Buczkowski G, Buddle CM, Bugter R, Buscardo E, Buse J, Cabra‐García J, Cáceres NC, Cagle NL, Calviño‐Cancela M, Cameron SA, Cancello EM, Caparrós R, Cardoso P, Carpenter D, Carrijo TF, Carvalho AL, Cassano CR, Castro H, Castro‐Luna AA, Rolando CB, Cerezo A, Chapman KA, Chauvat M, Christensen M, Clarke FM, Cleary DF, Colombo G, Connop SP, Craig MD, Cruz‐López L, Cunningham SA, D'Aniello B, D'Cruze N, da Silva PG, Dallimer M, Danquah E, Darvill B, Dauber J, Davis ALV, Dawson J, de Sassi C, de Thoisy B, Deheuvels O, Dejean A, Devineau J, Diekötter T, Dolia JV, Domínguez E, Dominguez‐Haydar Y, Dorn S, Draper I, Dreber N, Dumont B, Dures SG, Dynesius M, Edenius L, Eggleton P, Eigenbrod F, Elek Z, Entling MH, Esler KJ, de Lima RF, Faruk A, Farwig N, Fayle TM, Felicioli A, Felton AM, Fensham RJ, Fernandez IC, Ferreira CC, Ficetola GF, Fiera C, Filgueiras BKC, Fırıncıoğlu HK, Flaspohler D, Floren A, Fonte SJ, Fournier A, Fowler RE, Franzén M, Fraser LH, Fredriksson GM, Freire GB, Frizzo TLM, Fukuda D, Furlani D, Gaigher R, Ganzhorn JU, García KP, Garcia‐R JC, Garden JG, Garilleti R, Ge B, Gendreau‐Berthiaume B, Gerard PJ, Gheler‐Costa C, Gilbert B, Giordani P, Giordano S, Golodets C, Gomes LGL, Gould RK, Goulson D, Gove AD, Granjon L, Grass I, Gray CL, Grogan J, Gu W, Guardiola M, Gunawardene NR, Gutierrez AG, Gutiérrez‐Lamus DL, Haarmeyer DH, Hanley ME, Hanson T, Hashim NR, Hassan SN, Hatfield RG, Hawes JE, Hayward MW, Hébert C, Helden AJ, Henden J, Henschel P, Hernández L, Herrera JP, Herrmann F, Herzog F, Higuera‐Diaz D, Hilje B, Höfer H, Hoffmann A, Horgan FG, Hornung E, Horváth R, Hylander K, Isaacs‐Cubides P, Ishida H, Ishitani M, Jacobs CT, Jaramillo VJ, Jauker B, Hernández FJ, Johnson MF, Jolli V, Jonsell M, Juliani SN, Jung TS, Kapoor V, Kappes H, Kati V, Katovai E, Kellner K, Kessler M, Kirby KR, Kittle AM, Knight ME, Knop E, Kohler F, Koivula M, Kolb A, Kone M, Kőrösi Á, Krauss J, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kurz DJ, Kutt AS, Lachat T, Lantschner V, Lara F, Lasky JR, Latta SC, Laurance WF, Lavelle P, Le Féon V, LeBuhn G, Légaré J, Lehouck V, Lencinas MV, Lentini PE, Letcher SG, Li Q, Litchwark SA, Littlewood NA, Liu Y, Lo‐Man‐Hung N, López‐Quintero CA, Louhaichi M, Lövei GL, Lucas‐Borja ME, Luja VH, Luskin MS, MacSwiney G MC, Maeto K, Magura T, Mallari NA, Malone LA, Malonza PK, Malumbres‐Olarte J, Mandujano S, Måren IE, Marin‐Spiotta E, Marsh CJ, Marshall EJP, Martínez E, Martínez Pastur G, Moreno Mateos D, Mayfield MM, Mazimpaka V, McCarthy JL, McCarthy KP, McFrederick QS, McNamara S, Medina NG, Medina R, Mena JL, Mico E, Mikusinski G, Milder JC, Miller JR, Miranda‐Esquivel DR, Moir ML, Morales CL, Muchane MN, Muchane M, Mudri‐Stojnic S, Munira AN, Muoñz‐Alonso A, Munyekenye BF, Naidoo R, Naithani A, Nakagawa M, Nakamura A, Nakashima Y, Naoe S, Nates‐Parra G, Navarrete Gutierrez DA, Navarro‐Iriarte L, Ndang'ang'a PK, Neuschulz EL, Ngai JT, Nicolas V, Nilsson SG, Noreika N, Norfolk O, Noriega JA, Norton DA, Nöske NM, Nowakowski AJ, Numa C, O'Dea N, O'Farrell PJ, Oduro W, Oertli S, Ofori‐Boateng C, Oke CO, Oostra V, Osgathorpe LM, Otavo SE, Page NV, Paritsis J, Parra‐H A, Parry L, Pe'er G, Pearman PB, Pelegrin N, Pélissier R, Peres CA, Peri PL, Persson AS, Petanidou T, Peters MK, Pethiyagoda RS, Phalan B, Philips TK, Pillsbury FC, Pincheira‐Ulbrich J, Pineda E, Pino J, Pizarro‐Araya J, Plumptre AJ, Poggio SL, Politi N, Pons P, Poveda K, Power EF, Presley SJ, Proença V, Quaranta M, Quintero C, Rader R, Ramesh BR, Ramirez‐Pinilla MP, Ranganathan J, Rasmussen C, Redpath‐Downing NA, Reid JL, Reis YT, Rey Benayas JM, Rey‐Velasco JC, Reynolds C, Ribeiro DB, Richards MH, Richardson BA, Richardson MJ, Ríos RM, Robinson R, Robles CA, Römbke J, Romero‐Duque LP, Rös M, Rosselli L, Rossiter SJ, Roth DS, Roulston TH, Rousseau L, Rubio AV, Ruel J, Sadler JP, Sáfián S, Saldaña‐Vázquez RA, Sam K, Samnegård U, Santana J, Santos X, Savage J, Schellhorn NA, Schilthuizen M, Schmiedel U, Schmitt CB, Schon NL, Schüepp C, Schumann K, Schweiger O, Scott DM, Scott KA, Sedlock JL, Seefeldt SS, Shahabuddin G, Shannon G, Sheil D, Sheldon FH, Shochat E, Siebert SJ, Silva FAB, Simonetti JA, Slade EM, Smith J, Smith‐Pardo AH, Sodhi NS, Somarriba EJ, Sosa RA, Soto Quiroga G, St‐Laurent M, Starzomski BM, Stefanescu C, Steffan‐Dewenter I, Stouffer PC, Stout JC, Strauch AM, Struebig MJ, Su Z, Suarez‐Rubio M, Sugiura S, Summerville KS, Sung Y, Sutrisno H, Svenning J, Teder T, Threlfall CG, Tiitsaar A, Todd JH, Tonietto RK, Torre I, Tóthmérész B, Tscharntke T, Turner EC, Tylianakis JM, Uehara‐Prado M, Urbina‐Cardona N, Vallan D, Vanbergen AJ, Vasconcelos HL, Vassilev K, Verboven HAF, Verdasca MJ, Verdú JR, Vergara CH, Vergara PM, Verhulst J, Virgilio M, Vu LV, Waite EM, Walker TR, Wang H, Wang Y, Watling JI, Weller B, Wells K, Westphal C, Wiafe ED, Williams CD, Willig MR, Woinarski JCZ, Wolf JHD, Wolters V, Woodcock BA, Wu J, Wunderle JM, Yamaura Y, Yoshikura S, Yu DW, Zaitsev AS, Zeidler J, Zou F, Collen B, Ewers RM, Mace GM, Purves DW, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis A. The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:145-188. [PMID: 28070282 PMCID: PMC5215197 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Newbold
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring CentreCambridgeUK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and EnvironmentResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sara Contu
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - Samantha L. L. Hill
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring CentreCambridgeUK
| | - Igor Lysenko
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Helen R. P. Phillips
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | | | | | | | - Hollie Booth
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring CentreCambridgeUK
- Frankfurt Zoological SocietyAfrica Regional OfficeArushaTanzania
| | - Victoria J. Burton
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP and the Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonUK
| | | | - Argyrios Choimes
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | | | - Julie Day
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Susy Echeverría‐Londoño
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | | | - Di Gao
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - Morgan Garon
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | | | | | - Martin Jung
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Victoria Kemp
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Lucinda Kirkpatrick
- School of Biological and Ecological SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Callum D. Martin
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham, SurreyUK
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldUK
| | | | - Edwin L. Pynegar
- School of EnvironmentNatural Resources and GeographyBangor UniversityBangorGwyneddUK
| | | | | | - Rebecca A. Senior
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldUK
| | | | - Hannah J. White
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | - Job Aben
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Gilbert B. Adum
- Wildlife and Range Management DepartmentFaculty of Renewable Natural Resources (FRNR)College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (CANR)Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)KumasiGhana
- SAVE THE FROGS! GhanaAdum‐KumasiGhana
| | | | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Laboratorio Ecotono‐CRUBUniversidad Nacional del Comahue and INIBIOMARío NegroArgentina
| | - Belén Albertos
- Departamento de BotánicaFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de ValenciaBurjassot, ValenciaSpain
| | - E. L. Alcala
- Marine LaboratorySilliman University‐Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental ManagementSilliman UniversityDumaguete CityPhilippines
| | - Maria del Mar Alguacil
- Department of Soil and Water ConservationCSIC‐Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del SeguraMurciaSpain
| | - Audrey Alignier
- INRAUR 0980 SAD‐PaysageRennes CedexFrance
- INRAUMR 1201 DYNAFORCastanet Tolosan CedexFrance
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- HUTAN – Kinabatangan Orang‐utan Conservation ProgrammeKota KinabaluMalaysia
- Borneo FuturesKota KinabaluMalaysia
| | | | - Enrique Arbeláez‐Cortés
- Museo de ZoologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico D.F.Mexico
- Colección de TejidosInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von HumboldtValle del CaucaColombia
| | | | - Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
| | - Tom Aumann
- College of Science, Engineering & HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Jan C. Axmacher
- UCL Department of GeographyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Badrul Azhar
- Biodiversity UnitInstitute of BioscienceUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
- Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| | - Adrián B. Azpiroz
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y GenéticaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideoUruguay
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of Forest and Water ManagementGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Adama Bakayoko
- UFR Science de la NatureUniversité Naangui AbrogouaAbidjanIvory Coast
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'IvoireAbidjanIvory Coast
| | - András Báldi
- MTA Centre for Ecological ResearchVácrátótHungary
| | | | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- MCT/Museu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBelémBrazil
| | | | - Lurdes Barrico
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | | | - Diane M. Barton
- AgResearch LimitedInvermay Agricultural CentrePuddle Alley, MosgielNew Zealand
| | - Yves Basset
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaAnconPanama CityRepublic of Panama
| | - Péter Batáry
- AgroecologyDepartment of Crop SciencesGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Adam J. Bates
- BiosciencesSchool of Science & TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityClifton, NottinghamUK
- University of BirminghamEdgbaston, BirminghamUK
| | - Bruno Baur
- Section of Conservation BiologyDepartment of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Erin M. Bayne
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO/InBioCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Suzan Benedick
- Faculty of Sustainable AgricultureUniversiti Malaysia SabahSandakanMalaysia
| | - Åke Berg
- The Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesThe Swedish Biodiversity CentreUppsalaSweden
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and ConservationUniversiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMSKota KinabaluMalaysia
| | | | - Dinesh Bhatt
- Department of Zoology & Environmental ScienceGurukula Kangri UniversityHaridwarIndia
| | - Jake E. Bicknell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE)School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and DevelopmentGeorgetownGuyana
| | - Jochen H. Bihn
- Department of Ecology‐Animal EcologyFaculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Robin J. Blake
- Compliance Services InternationalPentlands Science ParkPenicuik, EdinburghUK
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchSchool of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Kadiri S. Bobo
- School for the Training of Wildlife Specialists GarouaGarouaCameroon
- Department of ForestryFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Roberto Bóçon
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos AmbientaisCuritibaBrazil
| | - Teun Boekhout
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS‐KNAW)UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Katrin Böhning‐Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F)Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution & DiversityGoethe University FrankfurtBiologicum, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Kevin J. Bonham
- School of Land and FoodUniversity of TasmaniaSandy BayTas.Australia
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- Departamento de Ciências AgráriascE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos AçoresAngra do Heroísmo, AçoresPortugal
| | | | - Céline Boutin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science & Technology BranchCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et EmergentesCentre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)MontpellierFrance
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et EmergentesInstitut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA)MontpellierFrance
| | - Cibele Bragagnolo
- Departamento de ZoologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jodi S. Brandt
- Human Environment Systems CenterBoise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA
| | - Francis Q. Brearley
- School of Science and the EnvironmentManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | | | - Vicenç Bros
- Natural Parks Technical OfficeDiputació de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Natural History Museum of BarcelonaBarcelona, CataloniaSpain
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Swedish Forest Research CentreAlnarpSweden
| | | | | | - Rob Bugter
- Alterra, part of Wageningen University and ResearchRB WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Erika Buscardo
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaCentro de Ecologia FuncionalUniversidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
- Department of BotanySchool of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Jörn Buse
- Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity Koblenz‐LandauLandauGermany
| | - Jimmy Cabra‐García
- Departamento de ZoologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Departamento de BiologíaGrupo de investigación en BiologíaEcología y Manejo de HormigasSección de EntomologíaUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia
| | - Nilton C. Cáceres
- Department of BiologyFederal University of Santa Maria, CCNESanta MariaBrazil
| | | | - María Calviño‐Cancela
- Department of Ecology and Animal BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of VigoVigoSpain
| | - Sydney A. Cameron
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
| | | | - Rut Caparrós
- Departamento de BotánicaFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de ValenciaBurjassot, ValenciaSpain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências AgráriascE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos AçoresAngra do Heroísmo, AçoresPortugal
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Dan Carpenter
- Parks and CountrysideBracknell Forest CouncilBracknellUK
- Soil Biodiversity GroupLife Sciences DepartmentNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | | | | | - Camila R. Cassano
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à ConservaçãoUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Helena Castro
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | | | - Cerda B. Rolando
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE)Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education CenterTurrialbaCosta Rica
| | - Alexis Cerezo
- Department of Quantitative Methods and Information SystemsFaculty of AgronomyUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Matthieu Chauvat
- Normandie UnivEA 1293 ECODIV‐RouenSFR SCALEUFR Sciences et TechniquesMont Saint Aignan CedexFrance
| | | | - Francis M. Clarke
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Stuart P. Connop
- Sustainability Research InstituteUniversity of East LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael D. Craig
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental DecisionsSchool of Plant BiologyUniversity of Western AustraliaNedlandsWAAustralia
- School of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Leopoldo Cruz‐López
- Grupo Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de PlagasEl Colegio de la Frontera SurTapachulaMexico
| | | | - Biagio D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di Napoli Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - Neil D'Cruze
- Wildlife Conservation Research UnitDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordRecanati‐Kaplan CentreTubneyUK
| | - Pedro Giovâni da Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em EcologiaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Martin Dallimer
- Sustainability Research InstituteSchool of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Emmanuel Danquah
- Wildlife and Range Management DepartmentFaculty of Renewable Natural Resources (FRNR)College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (CANR)Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)KumasiGhana
| | | | - Jens Dauber
- Thünen Institute of BiodiversityBraunschweigGermany
| | - Adrian L. V. Davis
- Scarab Research GroupDepartment of Zoology & EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - Jeff Dawson
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation TrustTrinityJersey
| | | | | | - Olivier Deheuvels
- CIRADUMR SystemMontpellierFrance
- ICRAFRegional Office for Latin AmericaLimaPeru
| | - Alain Dejean
- UPSINPLaboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et EnvironnementUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- CNRS – UMR 5245EcolabToulouseFrance
- CNRS – UMR 8172Écologie des Forêts de GuyaneKourou cedexFrance
| | | | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource ConservationKiel UniversityKielGermany
- Department of Biology, Nature ConservationUniversity MarburgMarburgGermany
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jignasu V. Dolia
- Post Graduate Program in Wildlife Biology and ConservationNational Centre for Biological SciencesBangaloreIndia
- Wildlife Conservation Society (India Program)Centre for Wildlife StudiesBangaloreIndia
| | - Erwin Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias – INIA – CRI – KampenaikePunta ArenasChile
| | | | - Silvia Dorn
- Applied EntomologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Isabel Draper
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Niels Dreber
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
- Department of Ecosystem ModellingBüsgen‐InstituteGeorg‐August‐University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Simon G. Dures
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London, Regents ParkLondonUK
| | - Mats Dynesius
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Lars Edenius
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSweden
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - Felix Eigenbrod
- Centre for Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Zoltán Elek
- MTA‐ELTE‐MTM Ecology Research GroupHungarian Academy of Sciencesc/o Biological InstituteEötvös Lóránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | - Martin H. Entling
- Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity of Koblenz‐LandauLandauGermany
| | - Karen J. Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
- Centre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Ricardo F. de Lima
- CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Associação Monte PicoMonte CaféMé ZóchiSão Tomé and Príncipe
| | - Aisyah Faruk
- Kew GardensWakehurstArdingly, Haywards Heath, SussexUK
- Wild AsiaUpper PenthouseWisma RKTKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Nina Farwig
- Conservation EcologyFaculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Tom M. Fayle
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of Academy of Sciences Czech RepublicČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- Institute for Tropical Biology and ConservationUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia
| | | | | | - Roderick J. Fensham
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia
- Queensland Herbarium (DSITIA)ToowongQldAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Fiera
- Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian AcademyBucharestRomania
| | | | | | - David Flaspohler
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA
| | - Andreas Floren
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Steven J. Fonte
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Department of Soil and Crop SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | | | - Markus Franzén
- Department of Community EcologyUFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchHalleGermany
| | - Lauchlan H. Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsBCCanada
| | - Gabriella M. Fredriksson
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED)University of AmsterdamGE AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- PanEco/Yayasan Ekosistem LestariSumatran Orangutan Conservation ProgrammeMedanIndonesia
| | - Geraldo B. Freire
- Programa de Pós Graduação em EcologiaUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Distrito FederalBrazil
| | - Tiago L. M. Frizzo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em EcologiaUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Distrito FederalBrazil
| | | | - Dario Furlani
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - René Gaigher
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | | | - Karla P. García
- Departamento de ZoologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Departamento de Planificación TerritorialFacultad de Ciencias AmbientalesCentro EULA‐ChileUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | | | - Jenni G. Garden
- Seed Consulting ServicesAdelaideSAAustralia
- Environmental Futures Research InstituteGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Barbara Hardy InstituteUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSAAustralia
| | - Ricardo Garilleti
- Departamento de BotánicaFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de ValenciaBurjassot, ValenciaSpain
| | - Bao‐Ming Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline SoilsYancheng Teachers UniversityYanchengChina
| | - Benoit Gendreau‐Berthiaume
- Département des sciences biologiquesCentre d’études de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal Succursale Centre‐villeMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Carla Gheler‐Costa
- Ecologia Aplicada/Applied EcologyUniversidade Sagrado Coração (USC)BauruBrazil
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | | | | | - Rachelle K. Gould
- Rubenstein School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Aaron D. Gove
- Astron Environmental ServicesEast PerthWAAustralia
- Department of Environment and AgricultureCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - Laurent Granjon
- Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP)INRAIRDCIRADSUPAGROMontferrier‐sur‐Lez cedexFrance
| | - Ingo Grass
- AgroecologyDepartment of Crop SciencesGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
- Conservation EcologyFaculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Claudia L. Gray
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James Grogan
- Department of Biological SciencesMount Holyoke CollegeSouth HadleyMAUSA
| | - Weibin Gu
- China International Engineering Consulting CorporationHaidian DistrictBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Alvaro G. Gutierrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales RenovablesFacultad de Ciencias AgronómicasUniversidad de ChileLa PintanaChile
| | | | - Daniela H. Haarmeyer
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants (BEE)Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical GardenUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Mick E. Hanley
- School of Biological ScienceUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
| | | | - Nor R. Hashim
- International University of Malaya‐Wales, Jalan Tun IsmailKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Shombe N. Hassan
- Department of Wildlife ManagementSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
| | | | - Joseph E. Hawes
- Animal & Environment Research GroupDepartment of Life SciencesAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Matt W. Hayward
- Walter Sisulu UniversityMthatha, TranskeiSouth Africa
- Centre for African Conservation EcologyNelson Mandela Metropolitan UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
- College of Natural SciencesBangor UniversityBangor, GwyneddUK
| | - Christian Hébert
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry CentreQuébecQCCanada
| | - Alvin J. Helden
- Animal & Environment Research GroupDepartment of Life SciencesAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - John‐André Henden
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUniversity of TromsøTromsøNorway
| | | | - Lionel Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Experimental de GuayanaPuerto OrdazVenezuela
| | - James P. Herrera
- Richard Gilder Graduate SchoolAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Farina Herrmann
- AgroecologyDepartment of Crop SciencesGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | | | | | - Branko Hilje
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences DepartmentUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Hubert Höfer
- State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe (SMNK)BiosciencesKarlsruheGermany
| | - Anke Hoffmann
- Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity ScienceBerlinGermany
| | - Finbarr G. Horgan
- University of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- University of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada
| | - Elisabeth Hornung
- Department of EcologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceSZIE UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Roland Horváth
- Department of EcologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Paola Isaacs‐Cubides
- Instituto de Investigaciones y Recursos Biológicos Alexander von HumboldtBogotá, Colombia
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Institute of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HyogoHyogoJapan
| | | | - Carmen T. Jacobs
- Scarab Research GroupDepartment of Zoology & EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - Víctor J. Jaramillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMéxico C.P.Mexico
| | - Birgit Jauker
- Department of Animal EcologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | | | - Virat Jolli
- Biodiversity and Environmental SustainabilityRohiniIndia
- Department of Environmental StudiesShivaji College (University of Delhi)New DelhiIndia
| | - Mats Jonsell
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - S. Nur Juliani
- School of Biological SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaMindenMalaysia
| | | | | | - Heike Kappes
- Cologne BiocenterZoological InstituteUniversity of CologneKölnGermany
| | - Vassiliki Kati
- Department of Environmental & Natural Resources ManagementUniversity of PatrasAgrinioGreece
| | - Eric Katovai
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) & College of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsQldAustralia
- School of Science and TechnologyPacific Adventist UniversityPort MoresbyPapua New Guinea
| | - Klaus Kellner
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Kathryn R. Kirby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Geography and PlanningUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Eva Knop
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Florian Kohler
- Section EnvironnementDéveloppement durable et TerritoireDivision Environnement et TerritoireBundesamt für StatistikNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Matti Koivula
- School of Forest SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Annette Kolb
- Institute of Ecology, FB2University of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Mouhamadou Kone
- Université Peleforo Gon CoulibalyKorhogoIvory Coast
- Station d'Ecologie de LamtoN'DouciIvory Coast
| | - Ádám Kőrösi
- MTA‐ELTE‐MTM Ecology Research GroupHungarian Academy of Sciencesc/o Biological InstituteEötvös Lóránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Theoretical Evolutionary Ecology GroupDepartment of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Ajith Kumar
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐IndiaNational Centre for Biological SciencesBangaloreIndia
| | | | - David J. Kurz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Alex S. Kutt
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Thibault Lachat
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFLBern University of Applied SciencesZollikofenSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Victoria Lantschner
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaEEA BarilocheBarilocheArgentina
| | - Francisco Lara
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Jesse R. Lasky
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | | | - William F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability SciencesCollege of Marine and Environmental ScienceJames Cook UniversityCairnsQldAustralia
| | - Patrick Lavelle
- Université Pierre‐et‐Marie‐CurieParisFrance
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental SciencesParisFrance
| | | | - Gretchen LeBuhn
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jean‐Philippe Légaré
- Laboratoire de diagnostic en phytoprotectionMinistère de l'agriculture, des pêcheries et de l'alimentation du QuébecVille de QuébecQCCanada
| | - Valérie Lehouck
- Research Unit Terrestrial EcologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - María V. Lencinas
- Laboratorio de Recursos AgroforestalesCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)UshuaiaArgentina
| | - Pia E. Lentini
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | | | - Qi Li
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Simon A. Litchwark
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - Yunhui Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Mounir Louhaichi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)Amman OfficeAmmanJordan
- Animal and Rangeland Sciences DepartmentOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Gabor L. Lövei
- Department of AgroecologyFlakkebjerg Research CentreAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | - Manuel Esteban Lucas‐Borja
- Department of Agroforestry Technology and Science and GeneticsSchool of Advanced Agricultural EngineeringCastilla La Mancha UniversityAlbaceteSpain
| | - Victor H. Luja
- Unidad Académica de TurismoCoordinación de Investigación y PosgradoUniversidad Autónoma de NayaritTepicMexico
| | - Matthew S. Luskin
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | - Kaoru Maeto
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Tibor Magura
- Department of EcologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Neil Aldrin Mallari
- Center for Conservation InnovationSan Jose Tagaytay CityPhilippines
- Biology DepartmentDe La Salle UniversityManilaPhilippines
| | - Louise A. Malone
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | - Jagoba Malumbres‐Olarte
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and ClimateNatural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Salvador Mandujano
- Red de Biología y Conservación de VertebradosInstituto de Ecología A.C.XalapaMexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliana Martínez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad UniversitariaBogotáColombia
| | - Guillermo Martínez Pastur
- Laboratorio de Recursos AgroforestalesCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)UshuaiaArgentina
| | | | | | - Vicente Mazimpaka
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | | | - Kyle P. McCarthy
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
| | | | - Sean McNamara
- Centre for Mined Land RehabilitationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Nagore G. Medina
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio GlobalMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Rafael Medina
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Jose L. Mena
- Museo de Historia Natural “Vera Alleman Haeghebaert”Universidad Ricardo PalmaLima 33Peru
| | - Estefania Mico
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO)Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Grzegorz Mikusinski
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Grimsö Wildlife Research StationRiddarhyttanSweden
| | - Jeffrey C. Milder
- Rainforest AllianceNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - James R. Miller
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
| | | | - Melinda L. Moir
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
- School of Plant BiologyUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Carolina L. Morales
- Lab. EcotonoINIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue‐CONICET)BarilocheArgentina
| | | | - Muchai Muchane
- Department of Wildlife ManagementUniversity of EldoretEldoretKenya
| | - Sonja Mudri‐Stojnic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - A. Nur Munira
- School of Biological SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
| | - Antonio Muoñz‐Alonso
- El Colegio de la Frontera SurEcología Evolutiva y ConservaciónSan Cristóbal de las CasasMexico
| | | | | | - A. Naithani
- Independent Research ScholarNew DelhiIndia
- Avian Diversity and Bioacoustic LabDepartment of ZoologyGurukula Kangri UniversityHaridwarIndia
| | - Michiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, and Griffith School of EnvironmentGriffith UniversityNathanBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Shoji Naoe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
| | - Guiomar Nates‐Parra
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas (Departamento de Biología)Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | | | | | - Paul K. Ndang'ang'a
- BirdLife International – Africa Partnership SecretariatNairobiKenya
- Ornithology SectionNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Eike L. Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F)Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, BiodiversitéISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHEMuséum national d'Histoire naturelleSorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
| | | | - Norbertas Noreika
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olivia Norfolk
- School of BiologyThe University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamUK
| | - Jorge Ari Noriega
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática – LAZOEAUniversidad de Los AndesBogotáColombia
| | - David A. Norton
- School of ForestryUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - A. Justin Nowakowski
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Catherine Numa
- IUCN‐Centre for Mediterranean CooperationCampanillas, MálagaSpain
| | - Niall O'Dea
- Oxford University Centre for the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Patrick J. O'Farrell
- Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCSIRStellenboschSouth Africa
- Plant Conservation UnitBiological SciencesUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - William Oduro
- Wildlife and Range Management DepartmentFaculty of Renewable Natural Resources (FRNR)College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (CANR)Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)KumasiGhana
- International Programme Office (IPO)Vice Chancellor's OfficeKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)KumasiGhana
| | - Sabine Oertli
- Naturschutz – Planung und BeratungWiesendangenSwitzerland
| | - Caleb Ofori‐Boateng
- Department of Wildlife and Range ManagementKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- Forestry Research Institute of GhanaKumasiGhana
| | | | - Vicencio Oostra
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Samuel Eduardo Otavo
- Laboratorio de Ecología del PaisajeFacultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | | | - Juan Paritsis
- Laboratorio EcotonoCONICET–INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Alejandro Parra‐H
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en AbejasLABUNUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá D.C.Colombia
| | - Luke Parry
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazonicos (NAEA)BelémBrazil
| | - Guy Pe'er
- Department of Community EcologyUFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Peter B. Pearman
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Nicolás Pelegrin
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA, CONICET‐UNC) and Centro de Zoología AplicadaFCEFyNUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Raphaël Pélissier
- IRDUMR AMAPTA A51/PS2Montpellier cedex 05France
- French Institute of PondicherryUMIFRE 21 CNRS‐MAEEPuducherryIndia
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Pablo L. Peri
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA)Río GallegosArgentina
- National University of Southern Patagonia (UNPA)Río GallegosArgentina
- National Commission of Scientist Research and Technology (CONICET)Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & EcologyDepartment of GeographyUniversity of the AegeanMytileneGreece
| | - Marcell K. Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Ben Phalan
- Conservation Science GroupDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - T. Keith Philips
- Systematics and Evolution LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyWestern Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenKYUSA
| | - Finn C. Pillsbury
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Jimmy Pincheira‐Ulbrich
- Departamento de ZoologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Facultad de Recursos NaturalesEscuela de Ciencias AmbientalesLaboratorio de Planificación TerritorialUniversidad Católica de TemucoTemucoChile
| | - Eduardo Pineda
- Biología y Conservación de VertebradosInstituto de Ecología A.C.El Haya, XalapaMexico
| | - Joan Pino
- CREAFCerdanyola del Vallès, CataloniaSpain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - Jaime Pizarro‐Araya
- Laboratorio de Entomología EcológicaDepartamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
| | - A. J. Plumptre
- Albertine Rift ProgramWildlife Conservation SocietyKampalaUganda
| | - Santiago L. Poggio
- IFEVA/Cátedra de Producción VegetalDepartamento de Producción VegetalFacultad de AgronomíaUniversidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET.Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Natalia Politi
- Directora del Programa Conservación de Biodiversidad en Bosques SubtropicalesCátedra de Desarrollo Sustentable y BiodiversidadFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de JujuyCIT‐Jujuy CONICET, Fundaciòn CEBioSan Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Pere Pons
- Departament de Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
| | | | - Eileen F. Power
- BotanySchool of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Steven J. Presley
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Vânia Proença
- MARETEC, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Marino Quaranta
- CREA‐ABP, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per l'agrobiologia e la pedologiaFirenzeItaly
| | - Carolina Quintero
- Laboratorio EcotonoCONICET–INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Romina Rader
- Ecosystem Management, School of Environment and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
| | - B. R. Ramesh
- French Institute of PondicherryUMIFRE 21 CNRS‐MAEEPuducherryIndia
| | | | - Jai Ranganathan
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and SynthesisUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | | | | | - J. Leighton Reid
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable DevelopmentMissouri Botanical GardenSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Yana T. Reis
- Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal de SergipeSão Cristóvão/SeBrazil
| | | | - Juan Carlos Rey‐Velasco
- Entomology Colletion, Systematics and Biogeography LaboratorySchool of BiologyIndustrial University of SantanderBucaramangaColombia
| | - Chevonne Reynolds
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyDST/NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschCape TownSouth Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandWitsSouth Africa
| | - Danilo Bandini Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil
| | | | - Barbara A. Richardson
- EdinburghUK
- Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural SciencesUniversity of Puerto Rico at Rio PiedrasSan JuanPRUSA
| | - Michael J. Richardson
- EdinburghUK
- Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural SciencesUniversity of Puerto Rico at Rio PiedrasSan JuanPRUSA
| | - Rodrigo Macip Ríos
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios SuperioresUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
| | - Richard Robinson
- Science and Conservation DivisionDepartment of Parks and WildlifeManjimupWAAustralia
| | - Carolina A. Robles
- PROPLAME‐PRHIDEB‐CONICETDepartamento de Biodiversidad y Biología ExperimentalFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria(CP1428EHA) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbHFlörsheim am MainGermany
- LOEWE Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK‐FFrankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Luz Piedad Romero‐Duque
- Facultad de Ciencias AmbientalesUniversidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.ABogotáColombia
| | - Matthias Rös
- Catedras CONACYTCIIDIR, Unidad Oaxaca, IPNSanta Cruz Xoxocotlán, Mexico
| | - Loreta Rosselli
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A.BogotáColombia
| | - Stephen J. Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Dana S. Roth
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - T'ai H. Roulston
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Blandy Experimental FarmBoyceVAUSA
| | - Laurent Rousseau
- Département des sciences biologiques (SB)Universitédu Québec à Montréal (UQÀM)MontréalQCCanada
| | | | | | - Jonathan P. Sadler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest ProtectionUniversity of West HungarySopronHungary
| | - Romeo A. Saldaña‐Vázquez
- Red de Ecología FuncionalInstituto de Ecología A.C. Carretera antigua a CoatepecEl Haya, XalapaMexico
| | - Katerina Sam
- Environmental Futures Research InstituteGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Ulrika Samnegård
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Biology/BiodiversityLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Joana Santana
- CIBIO/InBioCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Xavier Santos
- CIBIO/InBioCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | | | | | - Menno Schilthuizen
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterCR LeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Tropical Biology and ConservationUniversiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMSKota KinabaluMalaysia
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Biocentre Klein Flottbek & Botanical GardenUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Christine B. Schmitt
- Center for Development Research (ZEF)University of BonnBonnGermany
- Chair for Landscape ManagementUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Nicole L. Schon
- AgResearch LimitedLincoln Research CentreChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Christof Schüepp
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Katharina Schumann
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and DiversityGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community EcologyUFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchHalleGermany
| | - Dawn M. Scott
- Biology and Biomedical Sciences DivisionUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
| | | | | | - Steven S. Seefeldt
- School of Natural Resources and ExtensionUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA
| | | | - Graeme Shannon
- College of Natural SciencesBangor UniversityBangor, GwyneddUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (INA)Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Frederick H. Sheldon
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA
- Baton RougeLAUSA
| | - Eyal Shochat
- Department of Life SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBe'er ShevaIsrael
- The Yerucham Center of Ornithology and EcologyYeruchamIsrael
| | - Stefan J. Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | | | | | | | - Jo Smith
- Organic Research CentreElm FarmNewburyUK
| | - Allan H. Smith‐Pardo
- United States Department of AgricultureSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
- Universidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinMedellinColombia
| | - Navjot S. Sodhi
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Eduardo J. Somarriba
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE)Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education CenterTurrialbaCosta Rica
| | - Ramón A. Sosa
- Ecología de Comunidades Ãridas y Semiaridas (EComAS)Departamento de RecursosFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUNLPam.Santa rosaLa PampaUruguay
| | - Grimaldo Soto Quiroga
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE)Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education CenterTurrialbaCosta Rica
- Gobierno Autónomo Departamental Santa CruzSanta Cruz de la SierraBolivia
| | - Martin‐Hugues St‐Laurent
- Université du Québec à RimouskiCentre for Northern Research, Centre for Forest StudiesRimouskiQCCanada
| | | | - Constanti Stefanescu
- CREAFCerdanyola del Vallès, CataloniaSpain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de GranollersGranollersBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Philip C. Stouffer
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Jane C. Stout
- BotanySchool of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Ayron M. Strauch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ManagementUniversity of HawaiiManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Matthew J. Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE)School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Zhimin Su
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijingChina
| | - Marcela Suarez‐Rubio
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | | | - Yik‐Hei Sung
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, Hong Kong SARChina
| | - Hari Sutrisno
- Zoological DivisionResearch Center For BiologyThe Indonesian Institute of SciencesCibinongBogorIndonesia
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics & BiodiversityDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Tiit Teder
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Caragh G. Threlfall
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneRichmondVic.Australia
| | - Anu Tiitsaar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Jacqui H. Todd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | - Ignasi Torre
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de GranollersGranollersBarcelonaSpain
| | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA‐DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research GroupDebrecenHungary
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- AgroecologyDepartment of Crop SciencesGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Edgar C. Turner
- Insect Ecology GroupDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - Nicolas Urbina‐Cardona
- Department of Ecology and TerritorySchool of Environmental and Rural StudiesPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotaColombia
| | - Denis Vallan
- Naturhistorisches Museum BaselLeiter BiowissenschaftenBaselSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Kiril Vassilev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem ResearchBulgarian Academy of ScienceSofiaBulgaria
| | - Hans A. F. Verboven
- Division Forest, Nature, and LandscapeDepartment of Earth & Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maria João Verdasca
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da CiênciaBorboletário – Depart. ZoologiaLisboaPortugal
| | - José R. Verdú
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO)Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Carlos H. Vergara
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad de las Américas PueblaCholulaMexico
| | - Pablo M. Vergara
- Departamento de Gestión AgrariaUniversidad de Santiago de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | | | - Lien Van Vu
- Vietnam National Museum of NatureVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyCau GiayHanoiVietnam
| | | | - Tony R. Walker
- School of BiologyThe University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamUK
- School for Resource and Environmental StudiesFaculty of ManagementDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Hua‐Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape AgricultureHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - James I. Watling
- Department of BiologyJohn Carroll UniversityUniversity HeightsOHUSA
| | - Britta Weller
- Biocentre GrindelUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Konstans Wells
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- Environmental Futures Research InstituteGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Catrin Westphal
- AgroecologyDepartment of Crop SciencesGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Edward D. Wiafe
- Department of Environmental and Natural ResourcesPresbyterian University CollegeAkropong AkuapemGhana
| | | | - Michael R. Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences & EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | | | - Jan H. D. Wolf
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED)University of AmsterdamGE AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Department of Animal EcologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Ben A. Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & HydrologyCrowmarsh GiffordWallingfordUK
| | - Jihua Wu
- Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Joseph M. Wunderle
- International Institute of Tropical ForestryUSDA Forest Service, Sabana Field Research StationLuquilloPRUSA
| | - Yuichi Yamaura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
| | | | - Douglas W. Yu
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Andrey S. Zaitsev
- Department of Animal EcologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionMoscowRussia
| | - Juliane Zeidler
- Integrated Environmental Consultants Namibia (IECN)WindhoekNamibia
| | - Fasheng Zou
- Guangdong Entomological Institute/South China Institute of Endangered AnimalsGuangzhouChina
| | - Ben Collen
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and EnvironmentResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rob M. Ewers
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and EnvironmentResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Drew W. Purves
- Computational Ecology and Environmental ScienceMicrosoft ResearchCambridgeUK
| | - Jörn P. W. Scharlemann
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring CentreCambridgeUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
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Hill SL, Harfoot M, Purvis A, Purves DW, Collen B, Newbold T, Burgess ND, Mace GM. Reconciling Biodiversity Indicators to Guide Understanding and Action. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L.L. Hill
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB2 0DL UK
- Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Mike Harfoot
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB2 0DL UK
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | | | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tim Newbold
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB2 0DL UK
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Neil D. Burgess
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB2 0DL UK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
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22
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Nourani E, Kaboli M, Farhoodinia M, Collen B. National assessment of threatened species using sparse data: IUCN Red List classification of Anatidae in Iran. Anim Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Nourani
- Faculty of Natural Resources; Departnment of Environmental Sciences; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology; Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - M. Kaboli
- Faculty of Natural Resources; Departnment of Environmental Sciences; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Farhoodinia
- Faculty of Natural Resources; Departnment of Environmental Sciences; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch; Department of Environmental Sciences; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - B. Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research; Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment; University College London; London UK
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Abstract
Global commitments to halt biodiversity decline mean that it is essential to monitor species' extinction risk. However, the work required to assess extinction risk is intensive. We demonstrate an alternative approach to monitoring extinction risk, based on the response of species to external conditions. Using retrospective International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List assessments, we classify transitions in the extinction risk of 497 mammalian carnivores and ungulates between 1975 and 2013. Species that moved to lower Red List categories, or remained Least Concern, were classified as 'lower risk'; species that stayed in a threatened category, or moved to a higher category of risk, were classified as 'higher risk'. Twenty-four predictor variables were used to predict transitions, including intrinsic traits (species biology) and external conditions (human pressure, distribution state and conservation interventions). The model correctly classified up to 90% of all transitions and revealed complex interactions between variables, such as protected areas (PAs) versus human impact. The most important predictors were: past extinction risk, PA extent, geographical range size, body size, taxonomic family and human impact. Our results suggest that monitoring a targeted set of metrics would efficiently identify species facing a higher risk, and could guide the allocation of resources between monitoring species' extinction risk and monitoring external conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Di Marco
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, Rome 00185, Italy ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M. I. Di Fonzo
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
- Division of Ecology and Evolution; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Ascot SL5 7PY UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Ben Collen
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Aliénor L. M. Chauvenet
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Division of Ecology and Evolution; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Ascot SL5 7PY UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
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Black C, Collen B, Johnston D, Hart T. Why Huddle? Ecological Drivers of Chick Aggregations in Gentoo Penguins, Pygoscelis papua, across Latitudes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145676. [PMID: 26840252 PMCID: PMC4739533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregations of young animals are common in a range of endothermic and ectothermic species, yet the adaptive behavior may depend on social circumstance and local conditions. In penguins, many species form aggregations (aka. crèches) for a variety of purposes, whilst others have never been observed exhibiting this behavior. Those that do form aggregations do so for three known benefits: 1) reduced thermoregulatory requirements, 2) avoidance of unrelated-adult aggression, and 3) lower predation risk. In gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, chick aggregations are known to form during the post-guard period, yet the cause of these aggregations is poorly understood. Here, for the first time, we study aggregation behavior in gentoo penguins, examining four study sites along a latitudinal gradient using time-lapse cameras to examine the adaptive benefit of aggregations to chicks. Our results support the idea that aggregations of gentoo chicks decrease an individual's energetic expenditure when wet, cold conditions are present. However, we found significant differences in aggregation behavior between the lowest latitude site, Maiviken, South Georgia, and two of the higher latitude sites on the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting this behavior may be colony specific. We provide strong evidence that more chicks aggregate and a larger number of aggregations occur on South Georgia, while the opposite occurs at Petermann Island in Antarctica. Future studies should evaluate multiple seabird colonies within one species before generalizing behaviors based on one location, and past studies may need to be re-evaluated to determine whether chick aggregation and other behaviors are in fact exhibited species-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Black
- University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ben Collen
- University College London, Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Johnston
- British Antarctic Survey, King Edward Point Research Station, Cumberland East Bay, South Georgia
| | - Tom Hart
- University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Böhm M, Collen B. Toward equality of biodiversity knowledge through technology transfer. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:1290-1302. [PMID: 25981192 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To help stem the continuing decline of biodiversity, effective transfer of technology from resource-rich to biodiversity-rich countries is required. Biodiversity technology as defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a complex term, encompassing a wide variety of activities and interest groups. As yet, there is no robust framework by which to monitor the extent to which technology transfer might benefit biodiversity. We devised a definition of biodiversity technology and a framework for the monitoring of technology transfer between CBD signatories. Biodiversity technology within the scope of the CBD encompasses hard and soft technologies that are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, or make use of genetic resources, and that relate to all aspects of the CBD, with a particular focus on technology transfer from resource-rich to biodiversity-rich countries. Our proposed framework introduces technology transfer as a response indicator: technology transfer is increased to stem pressures on biodiversity. We suggest an initial approach of tracking technology flow between countries; charting this flow is likely to be a one-to-many relationship (i.e., the flow of a specific technology from one country to multiple countries). Future developments should then focus on integrating biodiversity technology transfer into the current pressure-state-response indicator framework favored by the CBD (i.e., measuring the influence of technology transfer on changes in state and pressure variables). Structured national reporting is important to obtaining metrics relevant to technology and knowledge transfer. Interim measures, that can be used to assess biodiversity technology or knowledge status while more in-depth indicators are being developed, include the number of species inventories, threatened species lists, or national red lists; databases on publications and project funding may provide measures of international cooperation. Such a pragmatic approach, followed by rigorous testing of specific technology transfer metrics submitted by CBD signatories in a standardized manner may in turn improve the focus of future targets on technology transfer for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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27
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Redding DW, Mooers AO, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Collen B. Global evolutionary isolation measures can capture key local conservation species in Nearctic and Neotropical bird communities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140013. [PMID: 25561674 PMCID: PMC4290427 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how to prioritize among the most deserving imperilled species has been a focus of biodiversity science for the past three decades. Though global metrics that integrate evolutionary history and likelihood of loss have been successfully implemented, conservation is typically carried out at sub-global scales on communities of species rather than among members of complete taxonomic assemblages. Whether and how global measures map to a local scale has received little scrutiny. At a local scale, conservation-relevant assemblages of species are likely to be made up of relatively few species spread across a large phylogenetic tree, and as a consequence there are potentially relatively large amounts of evolutionary history at stake. We ask to what extent global metrics of evolutionary history are useful for conservation priority setting at the community level by evaluating the extent to which three global measures of evolutionary isolation (evolutionary distinctiveness (ED), average pairwise distance (APD) and the pendant edge or unique phylogenetic diversity (PD) contribution) capture community-level phylogenetic and trait diversity for a large sample of Neotropical and Nearctic bird communities. We find that prioritizing the most ED species globally safeguards more than twice the total PD of local communities on average, but that this does not translate into increased local trait diversity. By contrast, global APD is strongly related to the APD of those same species at the community level, and prioritizing these species also safeguards local PD and trait diversity. The next step for biologists is to understand the variation in the concordance of global and local level scores and what this means for conservation priorities: we need more directed research on the use of different measures of evolutionary isolation to determine which might best capture desirable aspects of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Redding
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Arne O Mooers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; London UK
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M. Bland
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
- Division of Biology; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Ascot SL5 7PY UK
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - C. David L. Orme
- Division of Biology; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| | - Jon Bielby
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; Gower Street London WC1 E6BT UK
| | - Emily Nicholson
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood Vic. 3125 Australia
| | - Michael A. McCarthy
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
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Newbold T, Hudson LN, Hill SLL, Contu S, Lysenko I, Senior RA, Börger L, Bennett DJ, Choimes A, Collen B, Day J, De Palma A, Díaz S, Echeverria-Londoño S, Edgar MJ, Feldman A, Garon M, Harrison MLK, Alhusseini T, Ingram DJ, Itescu Y, Kattge J, Kemp V, Kirkpatrick L, Kleyer M, Correia DLP, Martin CD, Meiri S, Novosolov M, Pan Y, Phillips HRP, Purves DW, Robinson A, Simpson J, Tuck SL, Weiher E, White HJ, Ewers RM, Mace GM, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis A. Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity. Nature 2015; 520:45-50. [PMID: 25832402 DOI: 10.1038/nature14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1256] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human activities, especially conversion and degradation of habitats, are causing global biodiversity declines. How local ecological assemblages are responding is less clear--a concern given their importance for many ecosystem functions and services. We analysed a terrestrial assemblage database of unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage to quantify local biodiversity responses to land use and related changes. Here we show that in the worst-affected habitats, these pressures reduce within-sample species richness by an average of 76.5%, total abundance by 39.5% and rarefaction-based richness by 40.3%. We estimate that, globally, these pressures have already slightly reduced average within-sample richness (by 13.6%), total abundance (10.7%) and rarefaction-based richness (8.1%), with changes showing marked spatial variation. Rapid further losses are predicted under a business-as-usual land-use scenario; within-sample richness is projected to fall by a further 3.4% globally by 2100, with losses concentrated in biodiverse but economically poor countries. Strong mitigation can deliver much more positive biodiversity changes (up to a 1.9% average increase) that are less strongly related to countries' socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Newbold
- 1] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
| | - Lawrence N Hudson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Samantha L L Hill
- 1] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Sara Contu
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Igor Lysenko
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Rebecca A Senior
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Dominic J Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Argyrios Choimes
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julie Day
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Adriana De Palma
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC) and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Melanie J Edgar
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Anat Feldman
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Morgan Garon
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Michelle L K Harrison
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Tamera Alhusseini
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Daniel J Ingram
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Yuval Itescu
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jens Kattge
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Straße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. [2] German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Kemp
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Lucinda Kirkpatrick
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Callum D Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Shai Meiri
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Novosolov
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Drew W Purves
- Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
| | - Alexandra Robinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Jake Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sean L Tuck
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Evan Weiher
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54701, USA
| | - Hannah J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Robert M Ewers
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jörn P W Scharlemann
- 1] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Andy Purvis
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
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Alvarez-Filip L, Paddack MJ, Collen B, Robertson DR, Côté IM. Simplification of Caribbean reef-fish assemblages over decades of coral reef degradation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126004. [PMID: 25875218 PMCID: PMC4397080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caribbean coral reefs are becoming structurally simpler, largely due to human impacts. The consequences of this trend for reef-associated communities are currently unclear, but expected to be profound. Here, we assess whether changes in fish assemblages have been non-random over several decades of declining reef structure. More specifically, we predicted that species that depend exclusively on coral reef habitat (i.e., habitat specialists) should be at a disadvantage compared to those that use a broader array of habitats (i.e., habitat generalists). Analysing 3727 abundance trends of 161 Caribbean reef-fishes, surveyed between 1980 and 2006, we found that the trends of habitat-generalists and habitat-specialists differed markedly. The abundance of specialists started to decline in the mid-1980s, reaching a low of ~60% of the 1980 baseline by the mid-1990s. Both the average and the variation in abundance of specialists have increased since the early 2000s, although the average is still well below the baseline level of 1980. This modest recovery occurred despite no clear evidence of a regional recovery in coral reef habitat quality in the Caribbean during the 2000s. In contrast, the abundance of generalist fishes remained relatively stable over the same three decades. Few specialist species are fished, thus their population declines are most likely linked to habitat degradation. These results mirror the observed trends of replacement of specialists by generalists, observed in terrestrial taxa across the globe. A significant challenge that arises from our findings is now to investigate if, and how, such community-level changes in fish populations affect ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Michelle J. Paddack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Santa Barbara City College, Santa Barbara, California, 93109, United States of America
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Isabelle M. Côté
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Maes
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO); Kliniekstraat 25 B-1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - Nick J. B. Isaac
- Biological Records Centre; CEH; Wallingford Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Colin A. Harrower
- Biological Records Centre; CEH; Wallingford Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research; Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Arco J. van Strien
- Statistics Netherlands; PO Box 24500 NL-2490 HA Den Haag The Netherlands
| | - David B. Roy
- Biological Records Centre; CEH; Wallingford Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
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Costelloe B, Collen B, Milner-Gulland E, Craigie ID, McRae L, Rondinini C, Nicholson E. Global Biodiversity Indicators Reflect the Modeled Impacts of Protected Area Policy Change. Conserv Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Costelloe
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Potton Road; Sandy Bedfordshire SG19 2DL UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E.J. Milner-Gulland
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Ian D. Craigie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Louise McRae
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell'Università 32 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Emily Nicholson
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
- School of Botany; University of Melbourne; VIC 3052 Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Boakes
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tracy M. Rout
- School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
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Richman NI, Böhm M, Adams SB, Alvarez F, Bergey EA, Bunn JJS, Burnham Q, Cordeiro J, Coughran J, Crandall KA, Dawkins KL, DiStefano RJ, Doran NE, Edsman L, Eversole AG, Füreder L, Furse JM, Gherardi F, Hamr P, Holdich DM, Horwitz P, Johnston K, Jones CM, Jones JPG, Jones RL, Jones TG, Kawai T, Lawler S, López-Mejía M, Miller RM, Pedraza-Lara C, Reynolds JD, Richardson AMM, Schultz MB, Schuster GA, Sibley PJ, Souty-Grosset C, Taylor CA, Thoma RF, Walls J, Walsh TS, Collen B. Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140060. [PMID: 25561679 PMCID: PMC4290432 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of biodiversity loss are higher in freshwater ecosystems than in most terrestrial or marine ecosystems, making freshwater conservation a priority. However, prioritization methods are impeded by insufficient knowledge on the distribution and conservation status of freshwater taxa, particularly invertebrates. We evaluated the extinction risk of the world's 590 freshwater crayfish species using the IUCN Categories and Criteria and found 32% of all species are threatened with extinction. The level of extinction risk differed between families, with proportionally more threatened species in the Parastacidae and Astacidae than in the Cambaridae. Four described species were Extinct and 21% were assessed as Data Deficient. There was geographical variation in the dominant threats affecting the main centres of crayfish diversity. The majority of threatened US and Mexican species face threats associated with urban development, pollution, damming and water management. Conversely, the majority of Australian threatened species are affected by climate change, harvesting, agriculture and invasive species. Only a small proportion of crayfish are found within the boundaries of protected areas, suggesting that alternative means of long-term protection will be required. Our study highlights many of the significant challenges yet to come for freshwater biodiversity unless conservation planning shifts from a reactive to proactive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia I Richman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Susan B Adams
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front St., Oxford, MS 38655-4915, USA
| | - Fernando Alvarez
- Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, México 04510 DF, México
| | - Elizabeth A Bergey
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - John J S Bunn
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Quinton Burnham
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jay Cordeiro
- Northeast Natural History and Supply, 24 North Grove St., Middleboro, MA 02346, USA
| | - Jason Coughran
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia Jagabar Environmental, PO Box 634, Duncraig, Western Australia 6023, Australia
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Kathryn L Dawkins
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Robert J DiStefano
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 East Gans Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Niall E Doran
- Bookend Trust and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, PO Box 310, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7006, Australia
| | - Lennart Edsman
- Institute of Freshwater Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Arnold G Eversole
- School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Leopold Füreder
- River Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James M Furse
- Griffith School of Environment and the Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Francesca Gherardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Premek Hamr
- Upper Canada College, 200 Lonsdale Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1W6
| | - David M Holdich
- Crayfish Survey and Research, Peak Ecology Limited, Arden House, Deepdale Business Park, Bakewell, Derbyshire DE45 1GT, UK
| | - Pierre Horwitz
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kerrylyn Johnston
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia Marine and Freshwater Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Clive M Jones
- James Cook University, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Julia P G Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Robert L Jones
- Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Museum of Natural Science, 2148 Riverside Drive, Jackson, MS 39202-1353, USA
| | - Thomas G Jones
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Wakkanai Fisheries Institute, 4-5-15 Suehiro, Wakkanai, 097-0001 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susan Lawler
- Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3690, Australia
| | - Marilu López-Mejía
- Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics Laboratory, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Unidad Académica Cozumel, Av. Andrés Quintana Roo con Calle 110s/n, Frente a Col. San Gervasio, Cozumel 77600, Q. Roo, México
| | - Rebecca M Miller
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Global Ecosystem Management Programme, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Carlos Pedraza-Lara
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México DF CP 04510, México
| | - Julian D Reynolds
- Trinity College Dublin, 115 Weirview Drive, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mark B Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Sibley
- Environment Agency, Wessex Area, Rivers House, East Quay, Bridgwater TA6 4YS, UK
| | - Catherine Souty-Grosset
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Christopher A Taylor
- Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Roger F Thoma
- Midwest Biodiversity Institute, 4673 Northwest Parkway, Hilliard, OH 43026, USA
| | - Jerry Walls
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Alexandria, 8100 Highway 71 S, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA
| | - Todd S Walsh
- 34 McKenzie St, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Bland LM, Collen B, Orme CDL, Bielby J. Predicting the conservation status of data-deficient species. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:250-9. [PMID: 25124400 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is little appreciation of the level of extinction risk faced by one-sixth of the over 65,000 species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Determining the status of these data-deficient (DD) species is essential to developing an accurate picture of global biodiversity and identifying potentially threatened DD species. To address this knowledge gap, we used predictive models incorporating species' life history, geography, and threat information to predict the conservation status of DD terrestrial mammals. We constructed the models with 7 machine learning (ML) tools trained on species of known status. The resultant models showed very high species classification accuracy (up to 92%) and ability to correctly identify centers of threatened species richness. Applying the best model to DD species, we predicted 313 of 493 DD species (64%) to be at risk of extinction, which increases the estimated proportion of threatened terrestrial mammals from 22% to 27%. Regions predicted to contain large numbers of threatened DD species are already conservation priorities, but species in these areas show considerably higher levels of risk than previously recognized. We conclude that unless directly targeted for monitoring, species classified as DD are likely to go extinct without notice. Taking into account information on DD species may therefore help alleviate data gaps in biodiversity indicators and conserve poorly known biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Bland
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom; Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.
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37
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Hudson LN, Newbold T, Contu S, Hill SLL, Lysenko I, De Palma A, Phillips HRP, Senior RA, Bennett DJ, Booth H, Choimes A, Correia DLP, Day J, Echeverría-Londoño S, Garon M, Harrison MLK, Ingram DJ, Jung M, Kemp V, Kirkpatrick L, Martin CD, Pan Y, White HJ, Aben J, Abrahamczyk S, Adum GB, Aguilar-Barquero V, Aizen MA, Ancrenaz M, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Armbrecht I, Azhar B, Azpiroz AB, Baeten L, Báldi A, Banks JE, Barlow J, Batáry P, Bates AJ, Bayne EM, Beja P, Berg Å, Berry NJ, Bicknell JE, Bihn JH, Böhning-Gaese K, Boekhout T, Boutin C, Bouyer J, Brearley FQ, Brito I, Brunet J, Buczkowski G, Buscardo E, Cabra-García J, Calviño-Cancela M, Cameron SA, Cancello EM, Carrijo TF, Carvalho AL, Castro H, Castro-Luna AA, Cerda R, Cerezo A, Chauvat M, Clarke FM, Cleary DFR, Connop SP, D'Aniello B, da Silva PG, Darvill B, Dauber J, Dejean A, Diekötter T, Dominguez-Haydar Y, Dormann CF, Dumont B, Dures SG, Dynesius M, Edenius L, Elek Z, Entling MH, Farwig N, Fayle TM, Felicioli A, Felton AM, Ficetola GF, Filgueiras BKC, Fonte SJ, Fraser LH, Fukuda D, Furlani D, Ganzhorn JU, Garden JG, Gheler-Costa C, Giordani P, Giordano S, Gottschalk MS, Goulson D, Gove AD, Grogan J, Hanley ME, Hanson T, Hashim NR, Hawes JE, Hébert C, Helden AJ, Henden JA, Hernández L, Herzog F, Higuera-Diaz D, Hilje B, Horgan FG, Horváth R, Hylander K, Isaacs-Cubides P, Ishitani M, Jacobs CT, Jaramillo VJ, Jauker B, Jonsell M, Jung TS, Kapoor V, Kati V, Katovai E, Kessler M, Knop E, Kolb A, Kőrösi Á, Lachat T, Lantschner V, Le Féon V, LeBuhn G, Légaré JP, Letcher SG, Littlewood NA, López-Quintero CA, Louhaichi M, Lövei GL, Lucas-Borja ME, Luja VH, Maeto K, Magura T, Mallari NA, Marin-Spiotta E, Marshall EJP, Martínez E, Mayfield MM, Mikusinski G, Milder JC, Miller JR, Morales CL, Muchane MN, Muchane M, Naidoo R, Nakamura A, Naoe S, Nates-Parra G, Navarrete Gutierrez DA, Neuschulz EL, Noreika N, Norfolk O, Noriega JA, Nöske NM, O'Dea N, Oduro W, Ofori-Boateng C, Oke CO, Osgathorpe LM, Paritsis J, Parra-H A, Pelegrin N, Peres CA, Persson AS, Petanidou T, Phalan B, Philips TK, Poveda K, Power EF, Presley SJ, Proença V, Quaranta M, Quintero C, Redpath-Downing NA, Reid JL, Reis YT, Ribeiro DB, Richardson BA, Richardson MJ, Robles CA, Römbke J, Romero-Duque LP, Rosselli L, Rossiter SJ, Roulston TH, Rousseau L, Sadler JP, Sáfián S, Saldaña-Vázquez RA, Samnegård U, Schüepp C, Schweiger O, Sedlock JL, Shahabuddin G, Sheil D, Silva FAB, Slade EM, Smith-Pardo AH, Sodhi NS, Somarriba EJ, Sosa RA, Stout JC, Struebig MJ, Sung YH, Threlfall CG, Tonietto R, Tóthmérész B, Tscharntke T, Turner EC, Tylianakis JM, Vanbergen AJ, Vassilev K, Verboven HAF, Vergara CH, Vergara PM, Verhulst J, Walker TR, Wang Y, Watling JI, Wells K, Williams CD, Willig MR, Woinarski JCZ, Wolf JHD, Woodcock BA, Yu DW, Zaitsev AS, Collen B, Ewers RM, Mace GM, Purves DW, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis A. The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4701-35. [PMID: 25558364 PMCID: PMC4278822 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – http://www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Hudson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Tim Newbold
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K ; Computational Ecology and Environmental Science, Microsoft Research 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, U.K
| | - Sara Contu
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Samantha L L Hill
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Igor Lysenko
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Rebecca A Senior
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Dominic J Bennett
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Hollie Booth
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K ; Frankfurt Zoological Society, Africa Regional Office PO Box 14935, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Argyrios Choimes
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - David L P Correia
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Julie Day
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Susy Echeverría-Londoño
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Morgan Garon
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | | | - Daniel J Ingram
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Martin Jung
- Center for Macroecology, Climate and Evolution, the Natural History Museum of Denmark Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victoria Kemp
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Lucinda Kirkpatrick
- School of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Stirling Bridge of Allan, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - Callum D Martin
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Hannah J White
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Job Aben
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity, University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gilbert B Adum
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, FRNR, CANR, KNUST Kumasi, Ghana ; SAVE THE FROGS! Ghana Box KS 15924, Adum-Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Marcelo A Aizen
- CONICET, Lab. INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET) Pasaje Gutierrez 1125, 8400, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- HUTAN - Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme PO Box 17793, 88874, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F, Mexico ; Colección de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Km 17 Cali-Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Inge Armbrecht
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Badrul Azhar
- Biodiversity Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adrián B Azpiroz
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lander Baeten
- Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Gontrode, Belgium ; Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology, Ghent University K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - András Báldi
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - John E Banks
- University of Washington 1900 Commerce Street, Tacoma, Washington, 98402, U.K
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K ; MCT/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology, Georg-August University Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adam J Bates
- University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Erin M Bayne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta CW 405 - Biological Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Pedro Beja
- EDP Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-601, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Åke Berg
- The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Swedish Biodiversity Centre SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Berry
- University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences Crew Building, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, U.K
| | - Jake E Bicknell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent Canterbury, CT2 7NR, U.K ; Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development 77 High Street, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Jochen H Bihn
- Department of Animal Ecology, Philipps-University Marburg Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Biologicum, Goethe University Frankfurt Max von Laue St. 13, D 60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Teun Boekhout
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Boutin
- Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) 34398, Montpellier, France ; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Francis Q Brearley
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Isabel Brito
- University of Évora - ICAAMA, Apartado 94 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Buczkowski
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, Portugal
| | - Erika Buscardo
- Centro de Ecologia Funcional, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal ; Escritório Central do LBA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia Av. André Araújo, 2936, Campus II, Aleixo, CEP 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brazil ; Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jimmy Cabra-García
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - María Calviño-Cancela
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sydney A Cameron
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois, 61801, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Cancello
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Carrijo
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelena L Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Av. André Araújo, 2.936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Helena Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alejandro A Castro-Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas, 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, CP 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rolando Cerda
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center 7170, Cartago, Turrialba, 30501, Costa Rica
| | - Alexis Cerezo
- Department of Quantitative Methods and Information Systems, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, C.P. 1417, Argentina
| | - Matthieu Chauvat
- Normandie Univ., EA 1293 ECODIV-Rouen, SFR SCALE, UFR Sciences et Techniques 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Daniel F R Cleary
- Department of Biology, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Stuart P Connop
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London 4-6 University Way, London, E16 2RD, U.K
| | - Biagio D'Aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Pedro Giovâni da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ben Darvill
- British Trust for Ornithology, University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - Jens Dauber
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alain Dejean
- CNRS, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172) BP 316, 97379, Kourou cedex, France ; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (Ecolab) 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Nature and Resource Conservation, Kiel University Olshausenstrasse 75, 24098, Kiel, Germany ; Department of Biology, Nature Conservation, University Marburg Marburg, Germany ; Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten F Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg Tennenbacher Strasse 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertrand Dumont
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Simon G Dures
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London Nuffield Building, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Mats Dynesius
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Edenius
- Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Elek
- MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, c/o Biological Institute, Eötvös Lóránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin H Entling
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences Fortstr. 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Ecology - Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg Karl-von-Frisch-Street 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tom M Fayle
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K ; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences Czech Republic Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic ; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa Viale delle Piagge, n°2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annika M Felton
- The Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 49, 23453, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Gentile F Ficetola
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno K C Filgueiras
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, California, 95616, Canada
| | - Lauchlan H Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Daisuke Fukuda
- IDEA Consultants Inc Okinawa Branch Office, Aja 2-6-19, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0003, Japan
| | - Dario Furlani
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH Königsallee 9 - 21, 37081, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg U Ganzhorn
- University of Hamburg, Biocentre Grindel Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jenni G Garden
- Seed Consulting Services 106 Gilles Street, Adelaide, 5000, SA, Australia ; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland St Lucia, 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Carla Gheler-Costa
- Ecologia Aplicada/Applied Ecology, Universidade Sagrado Coração (USC) Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Giordani
- DISTAV, University of Genova Corso Dogali 1M, 16136, Genova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco S Gottschalk
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) PO Box 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Aaron D Gove
- Astron Environmental Services 129 Royal Street, East Perth, WA, 6004, Australia ; Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - James Grogan
- Mount Holyoke College, Department of Biological Sciences South Hadley, Massachusetts, 01075, U.K
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological Science, University of Plymouth Drake's Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, U.K
| | - Thor Hanson
- 351 False Bay Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, Malaysia
| | - Nor R Hashim
- International University of Malaya-Wales Jalan Tun Ismail, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil ; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Christian Hébert
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre 1055 du P.E.P.S., PO Box 10380, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Alvin J Helden
- Animal & Environmental Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, U.K
| | - John-André Henden
- University of Tromsø, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lionel Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Apdo. Postal 8050, Puerto Ordaz, 8015, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agroscope Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Higuera-Diaz
- Corporación Sentido Natural Carrera 70H No. 122 - 98, Apartamento 101, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Branko Hilje
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Tecnológico de Costa Rica Apartado, 159-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica ; Asociación para la Conservación y el Estudio de la Biodiversidad (ACEBIO) Casa 15, Barrio Los Abogados, Zapote, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Finbarr G Horgan
- International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Roland Horváth
- University of Debrecen, Department of Ecology PO Box 71, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paola Isaacs-Cubides
- Instituto de Investigaciones y Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Masahiro Ishitani
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Education 1-1-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan
| | - Carmen T Jacobs
- Scarab Research Group, University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Víctor J Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México A.P. 27-3 Santa María de Guido, Morelia, Michoacán,, México C.P. 58090, Mexico
| | - Birgit Jauker
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mats Jonsell
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| | - Thomas S Jung
- Yukon Department of Environment P.O. Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 2C6, Canada
| | - Vena Kapoor
- Nature Conservation Foundation Mysore, India
| | - Vassiliki Kati
- Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Management, University of Patras Seferi 2, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Eric Katovai
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University Cairns, Qld, Australia ; School of Science and Technology, Pacific Adventist University Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Michael Kessler
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Knop
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| | - Annette Kolb
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| | - Ádám Kőrösi
- MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group Pázmány Péter s. 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary, Germany ; Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Glasshüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Thibault Lachat
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| | - Victoria Lantschner
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| | | | - Gretchen LeBuhn
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| | - Jean-Philippe Légaré
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| | - Susan G Letcher
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| | | | | | - Mounir Louhaichi
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| | - Gabor L Lövei
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| | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
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| | - Victor H Luja
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| | - Kaoru Maeto
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| | - Tibor Magura
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| | - Neil Aldrin Mallari
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| | - Erika Marin-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison 550 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, U.K
| | - E J P Marshall
- Marshall Agroecology Ltd, 2 Nut Tree Cottages, Barton, Winscombe,, BS25 1DU, U.K
| | - Eliana Martínez
- Escuela de Posgrados, Facultad de Agronomía, Doctorado en Agroecología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Margaret M Mayfield
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| | - Grzegorz Mikusinski
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| | - Jeffrey C Milder
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| | - James R Miller
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| | - Carolina L Morales
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| | - Mary N Muchane
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| | - Muchai Muchane
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| | - Robin Naidoo
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| | - Akihiro Nakamura
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| | - Shoji Naoe
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| | - Guiomar Nates-Parra
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eike L Neuschulz
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| | - Norbertas Noreika
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| | - Olivia Norfolk
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| | - Jorge Ari Noriega
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática - LAZOEA, Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Niall O'Dea
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| | - William Oduro
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| | - Caleb Ofori-Boateng
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana ; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Chris O Oke
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| | - Lynne M Osgathorpe
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), The Lodge Sandy, Bedfordshire,, SG19 2DL, U.K
| | - Juan Paritsis
- Laboratorio Ecotono, CONICET-INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Parra-H
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Avenida. Bandeirantes, 3900 - CEP 14040-901 - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas-LABUN, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio Uriel Gutiérrez, Bogotá, DC, Colombia, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pelegrin
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| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Anna S Persson
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| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Ben Phalan
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- IN+, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marino Quaranta
- CRA-ABP, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l'agrobiologia e la pedologia Via Lanciola 12/A, 50125 - Cascine del Riccio, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Quintero
- Laboratorio Ecotono, CONICET-INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Nicola A Redpath-Downing
- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh Park, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH, U.K
| | - J Leighton Reid
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, Brazil
| | - Yana T Reis
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| | - Danilo B Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul P.O Box 549, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Barbara A Richardson
- 165 Braid Road, Edinburgh, EH10 6JE, U.K ; Associate Scientist, Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936-8377, Argentina
| | - Michael J Richardson
- 165 Braid Road, Edinburgh, EH10 6JE, U.K ; Associate Scientist, Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936-8377, Argentina
| | - Carolina A Robles
- PROPLAME-PRHIDEB-CONICET, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria PB II, 4to piso, (CP1428EHA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jörg Römbke
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH Böttgerstr. 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany
| | | | - Loreta Rosselli
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A. Cl 222 No. 55-37, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road, London, E3 5GN, U.K
| | - T'ai H Roulston
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904-4123, Canada ; Blandy Experimental Farm 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia, 22620, Canada
| | - Laurent Rousseau
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Sadler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 4., 9400, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Romeo A Saldaña-Vázquez
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N° 351 El Haya, CP, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ulrika Samnegård
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences SE, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christof Schüepp
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jodi L Sedlock
- Lawrence University 711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, Wisconsin, 54911, India
| | - Ghazala Shahabuddin
- School of Human Ecology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University Lothian Road, Delhi, 110006, India
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway ; Center for International Forestry Research Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Fernando A B Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Rua Augusto Correa, 01, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, U.K
| | - Allan H Smith-Pardo
- USDA - APHIS - PPQ 389 Oyster Point Blvd. Suite 2, South San Francisco, California, 94080, Colombia, Republic of Singapore ; Universidad Nacional de Colombia Cra. 64 X Cll. 65. Bloque 11, Oficina 207, Medellin, Colombia, Republic of Singapore
| | - Navjot S Sodhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore City, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eduardo J Somarriba
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center 7170, Cartago, Turrialba, 30501, Costa Rica
| | - Ramón A Sosa
- EComAS (Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Comunidades Áridas y Semiáridas), Dpto. de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences and Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent Canterbury, CT2 7NR, U.K
| | - Yik-Hei Sung
- Kadoorie Conservation China, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caragh G Threlfall
- Department of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
| | - Rebecca Tonietto
- Northwestern University Program in Plant Biology and Conservation 2205 Tech Drive, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 2-144, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, Hungary ; Chicago Botanic Garden 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois, 60022, Hungary
| | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group Egyetem ter 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Georg-August University Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar C Turner
- University Museum of Zoology Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K ; University of Canterbury Private bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Adam J Vanbergen
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science 23 Akademik Georgi Bonchev str., Block 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hans A F Verboven
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos H Vergara
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla 72810, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pablo M Vergara
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile Avenida Alameda Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jort Verhulst
- Spotvogellaan 68, 2566 PN, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Tony R Walker
- School of Biology, The University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K ; Dillon Consulting Limited 137 Chain Lake Drive, Halifax, NS, B3S 1B3, Canada
| | - Yanping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - James I Watling
- University of Florida 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314, Australia
| | - Konstans Wells
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide SA, 5005, Australia ; Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher D Williams
- Behavioural Ecology and Biocontrol, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Michael R Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Australia ; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Australia
| | | | - Jan H D Wolf
- University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, U.K
| | - Douglas W Yu
- University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk,, NR4 7TJ, U.K ; Kunming Institute of Zoology Kunming, Yunnan,, 650023, China
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Institute of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany ; A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Leninsky Prospekt 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Rob M Ewers
- Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Drew W Purves
- Computational Ecology and Environmental Science, Microsoft Research 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, U.K
| | - Jörn P W Scharlemann
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K ; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
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Clements CF, Collen B, Blackburn TM, Petchey OL. Effects of recent environmental change on accuracy of inferences of extinction status. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:971-981. [PMID: 24962314 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Correctly classifying a species as extinct or extant is of critical importance if current rates of biodiversity loss are to be accurately quantified. Observing an extinction event is rare, so in many cases extinction status is inferred using methods based on the analysis of records of historic sighting events. The accuracy of such methods is difficult to test. However, results of recent experiments with microcosm communities suggest that the rate at which a population declines to extinction, potentially driven by varying environmental conditions, may alter one's ability accurately to infer extinction status. We tested how the rate of population decline, driven by historic environmental change, alters the accuracy of 6 commonly applied sighting-based methods used to infer extinction. We used data from small-scale experimental communities and recorded wild population extirpations. We assessed how accuracy of the different methods was affected by rate of population decline, search effort, and number of sighting events recorded. Rate of population decline and historic population size of the species affected the accuracy of inferred extinction dates; however, faster declines produced more accurate inferred dates of extinction, but only when population sizes were higher. Optimal linear estimation (OLE) offered the most reliable and robust estimates, though no single method performed best in all situations, and it may be appropriate to use a different method if information regarding historic search efforts is available. OLE provided the most accurate estimates of extinction when the number of sighting events used was >10, and future use of this method should take this into account. Data from experimental populations provide added insight into testing techniques to discern wild extirpation events. Care should be taken designing such experiments so that they mirror closely the abundance dynamics of populations affected by real-world extirpation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Clements
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Hillary S Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Ceballos
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-275, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Nick J B Isaac
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Ward EJ, Holmes EE, Thorson JT, Collen B. Complexity is costly: a meta-analysis of parametric and non-parametric methods for short-term population forecasting. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2014.00916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Collen B, Whitton F, Dyer EE, Baillie JEM, Cumberlidge N, Darwall WRT, Pollock C, Richman NI, Soulsby AM, Böhm M. Global patterns of freshwater species diversity, threat and endemism. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2014; 23:40-51. [PMID: 26430385 PMCID: PMC4579866 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Global-scale studies are required to identify broad-scale patterns in the distributions of species, to evaluate the processes that determine diversity and to determine how similar or different these patterns and processes are among different groups of freshwater species. Broad-scale patterns of spatial variation in species distribution are central to many fundamental questions in macroecology and conservation biology. We aimed to evaluate how congruent three commonly used metrics of diversity were among taxa for six groups of freshwater species. LOCATION Global. METHODS We compiled geographical range data on 7083 freshwater species of mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, crabs and crayfish to evaluate how species richness, richness of threatened species and endemism are distributed across freshwater ecosystems. We evaluated how congruent these measures of diversity were among taxa at a global level for a grid cell size of just under 1°. RESULTS We showed that although the risk of extinction faced by freshwater decapods is quite similar to that of freshwater vertebrates, there is a distinct lack of spatial congruence in geographical range between different taxonomic groups at this spatial scale, and a lack of congruence among three commonly used metrics of biodiversity. The risk of extinction for freshwater species was consistently higher than for their terrestrial counterparts. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that broad-scale patterns of species richness, threatened-species richness and endemism lack congruence among the six freshwater taxonomic groups examined. Invertebrate species are seldom taken into account in conservation planning. Our study suggests that both the metric of biodiversity and the identity of the taxa on which conservation decisions are based require careful consideration. As geographical range information becomes available for further sets of species, further testing will be warranted into the extent to which geographical variation in the richness of these six freshwater groups reflects broader patterns of biodiversity in fresh water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Collen
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Felix Whitton
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Synchronicity Earth32a Thurloe Place, London, SW7 2HQ, UK
| | - Ellie E Dyer
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment,
University College LondonGower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jonathan E M Baillie
- Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of
LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Neil Cumberlidge
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan
UniversityMarquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | | | - Caroline Pollock
- Global Species Programme, IUCN219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, UK
| | - Nadia I Richman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Soulsby
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
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Durant SM, Wacher T, Bashir S, Woodroffe R, De Ornellas P, Ransom C, Newby J, Abáigar T, Abdelgadir M, El Alqamy H, Baillie J, Beddiaf M, Belbachir F, Belbachir-Bazi A, Berbash AA, Bemadjim NE, Beudels-Jamar R, Boitani L, Breitenmoser C, Cano M, Chardonnet P, Collen B, Cornforth WA, Cuzin F, Gerngross P, Haddane B, Hadjeloum M, Jacobson A, Jebali A, Lamarque F, Mallon D, Minkowski K, Monfort S, Ndoassal B, Niagate B, Purchase G, Samaïla S, Samna AK, Sillero-Zubiri C, Soultan AE, Stanley Price MR, Pettorelli N. Fiddling in biodiversity hotspots while deserts burn? Collapse of the Sahara's megafauna. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Clements CF, Warren PH, Collen B, Blackburn T, Worsfold N, Petchey O. Interactions between assembly order and temperature can alter both short- and long-term community composition. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5201-8. [PMID: 24455149 PMCID: PMC3892329 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the order in which species arrive in a community, and environmental conditions, such as temperature, are known to affect community structure. Little is known, however, about the potential for, and occurrence of, interactions between assembly history and the environment. Of particular, interest may be the interaction between temperature and community assembly dynamics, especially in the light of predicted global climatic change and the fundamental processes that are governed, through metabolic rate, by an individual's environmental temperature. We present, to our knowledge, the first experimental exploration of how the influence of assembly history, temperature, and the interaction between the two alters the structure of communities of competitors, using small-scale protist microcosm communities where temperature and assembly order were manipulated factorially. In our experiment, the most important driver of long-term abundance was temperature but long-lasting assembly order effects influenced the relationship between temperature and abundance. Any advantage of early colonization proved to be short-lived, and there was rarely any long-term advantage to colonizing a habitat before other species. The results presented here suggest that environmental conditions shape community composition, but that occasionally temperature could interact with the stochastic nature of community assembly to significantly alter future community composition, especially where temperature change has been large. This could have important implications for the dynamics of both rare and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Clements
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Philip H Warren
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Tim Blackburn
- Institute of Zoology, ZSL Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K ; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas Worsfold
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire Luton, LU1 3JU, U.K
| | - Owen Petchey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, The University of Zurich Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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Clements CF, Collen B, Blackburn TM, Petchey OL. Effects of directional environmental change on extinction dynamics in experimental microbial communities are predicted by a simple model. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Faith D, Collen B, Ariño A, Patricia Koleff PK, Guinotte J, Kerr J, Chavan V. Bridging the biodiversity data gaps: Recommendations to meet users’ data needs. Biodiv Inf 2013. [DOI: 10.17161/bi.v8i2.4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fonzo MD, Collen B, Mace GM. A new method for identifying rapid decline dynamics in wild vertebrate populations. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2378-91. [PMID: 23919177 PMCID: PMC3728972 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking trends in the abundance of wildlife populations is a sensitive method for assessing biodiversity change due to the short time-lag between human pressures and corresponding shifts in population trends. This study tests for proposed associations between different types of human pressures and wildlife population abundance decline-curves and introduces a method to distinguish decline trajectories from natural fluctuations in population time-series. First, we simulated typical mammalian population time-series under different human pressure types and intensities and identified significant distinctions in population dynamics. Based on the concavity of the smoothed population trend and the algebraic function which was the closest fit to the data, we determined those differences in decline dynamics that were consistently attributable to each pressure type. We examined the robustness of the attribution of pressure type to population decline dynamics under more realistic conditions by simulating populations under different levels of environmental stochasticity and time-series data quality. Finally, we applied our newly developed method to 124 wildlife population time-series and investigated how those threat types diagnosed by our method compare to the specific threatening processes reported for those populations. We show how wildlife population decline curves can be used to discern between broad categories of pressure or threat types, but do not work for detailed threat attributions. More usefully, we find that differences in population decline curves can reliably identify populations where pressure is increasing over time, even when data quality is poor, and propose this method as a cost-effective technique for prioritizing conservation actions between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Fonzo
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK ; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Imperial College London Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK ; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Soto-Azat C, Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Collen B, Rowcliffe JM, Veloso A, Cunningham AA. The population decline and extinction of Darwin's frogs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66957. [PMID: 23776705 PMCID: PMC3680453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Darwin's frogs (Rhinoderma darwinii and R. rufum) are two species of mouth-brooding frogs from Chile and Argentina. Here, we present evidence on the extent of declines, current distribution and conservation status of Rhinoderma spp.; including information on abundance, habitat and threats to extant Darwin's frog populations. All known archived Rhinoderma specimens were examined in museums in North America, Europe and South America. Extensive surveys were carried out throughout the historical ranges of R. rufum and R. darwinii from 2008 to 2012. Literature review and location data of 2,244 archived specimens were used to develop historical distribution maps for Rhinoderma spp. Based on records of sightings, optimal linear estimation was used to estimate whether R. rufum can be considered extinct. No extant R. rufum was found and our modelling inferred that this species became extinct in 1982 (95% CI, 1980-2000). Rhinoderma darwinii was found in 36 sites. All populations were within native forest and abundance was highest in Chiloé Island, when compared with Coast, Andes and South populations. Estimated population size and density (five populations) averaged 33.2 frogs/population (range, 10.2-56.3) and 14.9 frogs/100 m(2) (range, 5.3-74.1), respectively. Our results provide further evidence that R. rufum is extinct and indicate that R. darwinii has declined to a much greater degree than previously recognised. Although this species can still be found across a large part of its historical range, remaining populations are small and severely fragmented. Conservation efforts for R. darwinii should be stepped up and the species re-classified as Endangered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Soto-Azat
- Laboratorio de Salud de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile.
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Clements CF, Worsfold NT, Warren PH, Collen B, Clark N, Blackburn TM, Petchey OL. Experimentally testing the accuracy of an extinction estimator: Solow's optimal linear estimation model. J Anim Ecol 2012; 82:345-54. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip H. Warren
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TN; UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Institute of Zoology; ZSL; Regent's Park; London; NW1 4RY; UK
| | - Nick Clark
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TN; UK
| | | | - Owen L. Petchey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; The University of Zurich; Zurich; CH-8057; Switzerland
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McRae L, Böhm M, Deinet S, Gill M, Collen B. The Arctic Species Trend Index: using vertebrate population trends to monitor the health of a rapidly changing ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2012.705085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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