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Ratnarajah L, Abu-Alhaija R, Atkinson A, Batten S, Bax NJ, Bernard KS, Canonico G, Cornils A, Everett JD, Grigoratou M, Ishak NHA, Johns D, Lombard F, Muxagata E, Ostle C, Pitois S, Richardson AJ, Schmidt K, Stemmann L, Swadling KM, Yang G, Yebra L. Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:564. [PMID: 36732509 PMCID: PMC9895051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton to higher trophic levels and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. In this Review, we discuss key responses of zooplankton to ocean warming, including shifts in phenology, range, and body size, and assess the implications to the biological carbon pump and interactions with higher trophic levels. Our synthesis highlights key knowledge gaps and geographic gaps in monitoring coverage that need to be urgently addressed. We also discuss an integrated sampling approach that combines traditional and novel techniques to improve zooplankton observation for the benefit of monitoring zooplankton populations and modelling future scenarios under global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavenia Ratnarajah
- Integrated Marine Observing System, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. .,Global Ocean Observing System, International Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Paris, France.
| | - Rana Abu-Alhaija
- Cyprus Subsea Consulting and Services C.S.C.S. ltd, Lefkosia, Cyprus
| | - Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK
| | - Sonia Batten
- North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), 9860 West Saanich Road, V8L 4B2, Sidney, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kim S Bernard
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg., Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Gabrielle Canonico
- US Integrated Ocean Observing System (US IOOS), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Astrid Cornils
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jason D Everett
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, 4067, Australia.,Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Grigoratou
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME, 04101, USA.,Mercator Ocean International, 2 Av. de l'Aérodrome de Montaudran, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Nurul Huda Ahmad Ishak
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - David Johns
- The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Fabien Lombard
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 75016, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Erik Muxagata
- Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG - Laboratório de Zooplâncton - Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, Km 8 - Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Clare Ostle
- The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Sophie Pitois
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR330HT, UK
| | - Anthony J Richardson
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, 4067, Australia
| | - Katrin Schmidt
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Lars Stemmann
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Kerrie M Swadling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies & Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Lidia Yebra
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO, CSIC), Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640, Fuengirola, Spain
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Ali GB, Lowe AJ, Perret JL, Walters EH, Lodge CJ, Johns D, James A, Erbas B, Hamilton GS, Bowatte G, Wood-Baker R, Abramson MJ, Bui DS, Dharmage SC. Impact of lifetime body mass index trajectories on the incidence and persistence of adult asthma. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.02286-2021. [PMID: 35210325 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02286-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High body mass index trajectories from childhood to adulthood are associated with development of some chronic diseases, but whether such trajectories influence adult asthma has not been investigated to date. Therefore, we investigated associations between body mass index trajectories from childhood to middle age (5-43 years) and incidence, persistence, and relapse of asthma from ages 43 to 53 years. METHODS In the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (n= 4194), weight and height were recorded at 8-time points between 5 and 43 years. body mass index trajectories were developed using group-based trajectory modelling. Associations between body mass index trajectories and asthma incidence, persistence, and relapse from 43 to 53 years; bronchial hyper-responsiveness at 50 years; and bronchodilator responsiveness at 53 years were modelled using multiple logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Five distinct body mass index trajectories were identified: average, low, high, child high-decreasing, and child average-increasing. Compared to the average trajectory, child average-increasing and high trajectories were associated with increased risk of incident asthma (OR=2.6; 95%CI 1.1, 6.6 and OR=4.4; 1.7, 11.4, respectively) and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in middle age (OR= 2.9; 1.1, 7.5 and OR= 3.5;1.1, 11.4, respectively). No associations were observed for asthma persistence or relapse. CONCLUSION Participants with child average-increasing and high body mass index trajectories from childhood to middle age were at higher risk of incident adult asthma. Thus, encouraging individuals to maintain normal body mass index over the life course may help reduce the burden of adult asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Bano Ali
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Johns
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alan James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Garun S Hamilton
- Sleep Medicine Research at Monash Medical Centre, Department of Lung and Sleep, Clayton, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dinh S Bui
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Equal Senior Authors
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Equal Senior Authors
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Hebblewhite M, Hilty JA, Williams S, Locke H, Chester C, Johns D, Kehm G, Francis WL. Can a l
arge‐landscape
conservation vision contribute to achieving biodiversity targets? Conservat Sci and Prac 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jodi A. Hilty
- Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative Canmore Alberta Canada
| | - Sara Williams
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Harvey Locke
- Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative Banff Alberta Canada
| | - Charles Chester
- Fletcher School Tufts University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - David Johns
- Hatfield School College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Gregory Kehm
- Gregory Kehm Associates Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Ali G, Lowe A, Perret J, Walters E, Lodge C, Johns D, James A, Erbas B, Hamilton G, Bowatte G, Wood-Baker R, Abramson M, Bui D, Dharmage S. Body mass index trajectories from childhood to middle age and related incidence, persistence and relapse of asthma from 43 to 53 years of age: a longitudinal cohort study. Epidemiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.oa1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Shur NF, Johns D, Kluzek S, Peirce N. Physical inactivity and health inequality during coronavirus: a novel opportunity or total lockdown? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 6:e000903. [PMID: 34422288 PMCID: PMC8323465 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Government-restricted movement during the coronavirus pandemic in various countries around the world has led to rapid and fundamental changes in our health behaviour. As well as being at a higher risk of contracting and being hospitalised with COVID-19, the elderly, those with chronic disease and lower socioeconomic groups are also disproportionately affected by restriction of movement, further widening the physical activity health inequality. In this viewpoint we discuss the physiological sequelae of physical inactivity, and the additional burden of ageing and inflammation. We provide recommendations for public health promotion and interventions to try to mitigate the detrimental effects of physical inactivity and rebalance the health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie F Shur
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis and the Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Johns
- Department of Public Health, Nottingham City Council, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Peirce
- Centre For Sports Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK.,National Cricket Performance Centre, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
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6
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Roy K, Johns D. Transcervical Fibroid Ablation (TFA) in an Ambulatory Surgical Center Setting: Utility during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7572065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Study Objective To describe the experience of TFA with the Sonata® system in the ambulatory surgicenter (ASC) setting, relative to current recommendations by medical societies for elective procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design Prospective, longitudinal, multicenter controlled trial. Setting 22 clinical sites in the US and Mexico. Patients or Participants 147 premenopausal women between the ages of 25 and 50 with heavy menstrual bleeding secondary to nonpedunculated fibroids. Interventions Transcervical, intrauterine ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation with the Sonata system. Pain scores were recorded after each procedure using a scale from 0-10. Length of stay (LOS) was measured from procedure start through discharge. Measurements and Main Results Of 147 treated patients, 49 were treated in an ASC setting and 98 were treated in other outpatient settings. Fifty-five percent of patients treated in an ASC had general anesthesia and 45% had conscious sedation vs 48% and 52%, respectively for non-ASC population. Average number of fibroids treated per patient was 3.2±2.0 and 2.9±2.1 in ASC and non-ASC, respectively. Mean LOS was 2.1±0.9 hours vs. 2.8±1.3 hours for ASC and non-ASC patients, respectively. Mean procedure pain scores were 0±0% for the ASC patients (0.4±1.1 for non-ASC patients). Mean return to normal activity for patients treated in ASC was 1.7±1.4 days (2.4±2.5 for non-ASC patients). Mean 12-month improvements in SSS and HRQL scores were -34.8±23.9 and 48.6±26.2 points, respectively, in ASC patients (-30.4±19.3 and 41.0±23.0, respectively, in non-ASC patients). Conclusion Current surgical guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic encourages avoidance of endotracheal intubation when appropriate and minimizing exposure time for patients and staff. Transcervical Fibroid Ablation with the Sonata system is performed without pneumoperitoneum or a requirement for intubation, providing short LOS, minimal pain scores and improved outcomes while potentially reducing risk to healthcare personnel and patients alike.
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Corlett RT, Primack RB, Devictor V, Maas B, Goswami VR, Bates AE, Koh LP, Regan TJ, Loyola R, Pakeman RJ, Cumming GS, Pidgeon A, Johns D, Roth R. Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 2020; 246:108571. [PMID: 32292203 PMCID: PMC7139249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard B Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vincent Devictor
- ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracey J Regan
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land Water and Planning, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Rafael Loyola
- Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Graeme S Cumming
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Anna Pidgeon
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Johns
- School of Government, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Robin Roth
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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Gasper A, Hickman D, Ashcroft I, Sharma S, Wang X, Szost B, Johns D, Clare A. Oxide and spatter powder formation during laser powder bed fusion of Hastelloy X. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Girod S, Mittermiller P, Bidwell S, Thieringer F, Cornelius C, Trickey A, Kontio R, Bader M, Goetz P, Johns D, Smolka W, Mesimaki K, Moon S, Probst F, Qiiao J, Snall J, Wilkmann T, Girod S. The comprehensive AO CMF classification system for mandibular fractures: a multicenter validation study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Roy K, Forstein D, Osman K, Gee P, Johns D. 12-Month Procedural Outcomes of the SONATA Pivotal IDE Trial: Sonography-Guided Transcervical Radiofrequency Ablation of Uterine Fibroids. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Mader JK, Lilly LC, Aberer F, Poettler T, Johns D, Trautmann M, Warner JL, Pieber TR. Improved glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction with a simple wearable 3-day insulin delivery device among people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1448-1456. [PMID: 29888811 PMCID: PMC6175230 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the PAQ® (CeQur SA, Horw, Switzerland), a wearable 3-day insulin delivery device that provides set basal rates and bolus insulin on demand, in people with Type 2 diabetes. METHOD Adults with Type 2 diabetes with HbA1c concentrations ≥53 and ≤97 mmol/mol (7.0 and 11.0%) while treated with ≥2 insulin injections/day were enrolled in two single-arm studies comprising three periods: a baseline (insulin injections), a transition and a PAQ treatment period (12 weeks). Endpoints included HbA1c , seven-point self-monitored blood glucose, total daily dose of insulin and body weight. Safety was assessed according to examination, hypoglycaemic episodes and adverse device effects. RESULTS A total of 28 adults were enrolled (age 63 ± 7 years, 86% men, BMI 32.3 ± 4.3kg/m2 , Type 2 diabetes duration 17 ± 8 years, HbA1c 70 ± 12 mmol/mol (8.6 ± 1.1%), total daily insulin dose 58.7 ± 20.7 U), of whom 24 completed the studies. When transitioned to PAQ, 75% of participants continued on the first basal rate selected. After 12 weeks of PAQ wear, significant improvements from baseline were seen [HbA1c -16 ± 9 mmol/mol (95% CI -20, -12) or -1.5 ± 0.9% (95% CI -1.8, -1.1) P<0.0001], and at all seven self-monitored blood glucose readings time points (P ≤0.03). Total daily insulin dose increased by 12.1 ± 19.5 U (95% CI 3.9, 20.4; P=0.0058), the number of meal time boluses increased by 0.9 ± 1.5/day (95% CI 0.3, 1.5; P=0.0081) and body weight remained stable. Six participants had mild to moderate catheter site reactions and one mild skin irritation occurred. No participant experienced severe hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS Adults with Type 2 diabetes were safely transitioned from insulin injections to the PAQ and had significantly improved glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction with insulin therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02158078 & NCT02419859).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Aberer
- Medical University of GrazGrazAustriaUSA
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Bui D, Burgess J, Lodge C, Lowe A, Perret J, Bowatte G, Thompson B, Hamilton G, Frith P, James A, Johns D, Thomas P, Jarvis D, Svanes C, Morrison S, Feather I, Allen K, Bui M, Russell M, Abramson M, Walters H, Matheson M, Dharmage S. Lung function trajectories over the life span, their associated childhood factors and consequences. Epidemiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.oa4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Johns D, Terborgh J, Beazley KF, Estes JA, Foreman D, Miller B, Noss R, Soulé M, Ripple WJ. We Need a Biologically Sound North American Conservation Plan. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Johns D, Spezi E, Downes P, Lewis D. EP-1454: Comparison of Treatment Planning Algorithms and Monte Carlo Simulations in Oesophageal Radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Perret JL, Walters H, Johns D, Gurrin L, Burgess J, Lowe A, Thompson B, Markos J, Morrison S, Thomas P, McDonald C, Wood-Baker R, Hopper J, Svanes C, Giles G, Abramson M, Matheson M, Dharmage S. Mother's smoking and complex lung function of offspring in middle age: A cohort study from childhood. Respirology 2016; 21:911-9. [PMID: 26969872 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Existing evidence that supports maternal smoking to be a potential risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for adult offspring has barely been mentioned in major guideline documents, suggesting a need for more robust and consistent data. We aimed to examine whether such early life exposure can predispose to COPD in middle age, possibly through its interaction with personal smoking. METHODS The fifth-decade follow-up of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study cohort, which was first studied in 1968 (n = 8583), included a 2004 postal survey (n = 5729 responses) and subsequent laboratory attendance (n = 1389) for comprehensive lung function testing between 2006 and 2008. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models included sampling weights. RESULTS Post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (less than fifth percentile) was detected for 9.3% (n = 123) of middle-aged offspring. Its association with heavy maternal smoking (>20 cigarettes/day) during childhood was 2.7-fold higher than for those without exposure (95% confidence interval [1.3, 5.7] P = 0.009). Maternal smoking per se approximately doubled the adverse effect of personal smoking on gas transfer factor (z-score -0.46 [-0.6 to -0.3] vs -0.25 [-0.4 to -0.1], P[interaction] = 0.048) and was paradoxically associated with reduced residual volumes for non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Heavy maternal smoking during childhood appears to predispose to spirometrically defined COPD. The interplay between maternal and personal smoking on gas transfer factor suggests that early life exposure increases an individual's susceptibility to adult smoking exposure. These findings provide further evidence to suggest that maternal smoking might be a risk factor for COPD and reinforce the public health message advocating smoking abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Hospital.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS)
| | - Haydn Walters
- 'Breathe Well' Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania.,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame
| | - David Johns
- 'Breathe Well' Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - Lyle Gurrin
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne
| | - John Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne
| | - Adrian Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne
| | - Bruce Thompson
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS).,Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital.,Department of Medicine, Monash University
| | - James Markos
- Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania
| | - Stephen Morrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Paul Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Hospital.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS)
| | - Richard Wood-Baker
- 'Breathe Well' Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - John Hopper
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne.,Department of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Graham Giles
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne.,Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Abramson
- Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne
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Yeoman KM, Halldin CN, Wood J, Storey E, Johns D, Laney AS. Current knowledge of US metal and nonmetal miner health: Current and potential data sources for analysis of miner health status. Arch Environ Occup Health 2016; 71:119-26. [PMID: 25658684 PMCID: PMC4624608 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2014.998330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the current health status of US metal and nonmetal (MNM) miners, in part because no health surveillance systems exist for this population. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is developing a program to characterize burden of disease among MNM miners. This report discusses current knowledge and potential data sources of MNM miner health. Recent national surveys were analyzed, and literature specific to MNM miner health status was reviewed. No robust estimates of disease prevalence were identified, and national surveys did not provide information specific to MNM miners. Because substantial gaps exist in the understanding of MNM miners' current health status, NIOSH plans to develop a health surveillance program for this population to guide intervention efforts to reduce occupational and personal risks for chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Yeoman
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Spokane, Washington, USA
- CONTACT K. M. Yeoman Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 315 East Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA99207, USA.
| | - C. N. Halldin
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - J. Wood
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - E. Storey
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - D. Johns
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - A. S. Laney
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Hartmann G, Kumar S, Johns D, Gheyas F, Gutstein D, Shen X, Burton A, Lederman H, Lutz R, Jackson T, Chavez-Eng C, Mitra K. Disposition into Adipose Tissue Determines Accumulation and Elimination Kinetics of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor Anacetrapib in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:428-34. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Hartmann-Boyce J, Johns D, Jebb S, Aveyard P, Summerbell C. The effectiveness of behavioural weight management programmes for adults assessed by trials conducted in everyday contexts. Systematic review. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Johns D, Hartmann-Boyce J, Jebb S, Aveyard P. Meta-regression of weight lost in control groups. Does intensity of brief advice or frequency of follow-up lead to greater weight loss? Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ambrosini G, Johns D, Northstone K, Emmett P, Jebb S. Does a high sugar dietary pattern in childhood lead to increased adiposity in adolescence? Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Ambrosini
- School of Population Health University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - David Johns
- Human Nutrition ResearchMedical Research CouncilCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kate Northstone
- School of Social & Community Medicine University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Ashwell M, Hulshof T, Johns D, Bornet F, Lasikiewicz N. Weight management in the digital age. NUTR BULL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Johns
- Medical Research Council-Human Nutrition Research (MRC-HNR); Cambridge UK
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Reilmann R, Rouzade-Dominguez M, Saft C, Sussmuth S, Priller J, Rosser A, Rickards H, Schols L, Pezous N, Gasparini F, Landwehrmeyer G, Johns D, Gomez-Mancilla B. N03 Efficacy, Safety, And Tolerability Of Afq056 For The Treatment Of Chorea In Patients With Huntington's Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mészáros D, Burgess J, Walters EH, Johns D, Markos J, Giles G, Hopper J, Abramson M, Dharmage SC, Matheson M. Domestic airborne pollutants and asthma and respiratory symptoms in middle age. Respirology 2014; 19:411-8. [PMID: 24517719 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The role of indoor air pollution as a risk factor for asthma and respiratory symptoms in middle age is unclear. We investigated associations between indoor air pollution sources and (i) asthma phenotypes and (ii) asthma-related respiratory symptoms in middle-aged adults. METHODS Subjects (n = 5729) who participated in the 2004 survey of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study completed respiratory and home environment questionnaires. Associations between indoor air pollution sources, and asthma phenotypes and asthma-related respiratory symptoms were estimated. RESULTS Recent mould in the home was associated with current asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.50), wheeze (OR 1.34; 1.17-1.54) and nocturnal chest tightness (OR 1.30; 1.12-1.51). Stratified by atopy and gender, recent mould was associated with current non-atopic asthma only in males (OR 3.73; 1.29-10.80). More rooms affected by mould were associated with significant trends for current asthma, wheeze and nocturnal chest tightness. Home environmental tobacco smoke was associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR 1.25; 1.02-1.53), wheeze (OR 1.69; 1.41-2.03), nocturnal chest tightness (OR 1.54; 1.26-1.88), with current asthma only in non-smokers (OR 2.09; 95%: 1.30-3.35) and with current asthma only in males (OR 1.74; 95%: 1.25-2.42). Among heating appliances, reverse cycle air conditioning was negatively associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR 0.84; 0.70-1.00). Neither electric nor gas stove use was associated with either asthma phenotype or with asthma-related respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In middle age, reducing home exposure to mould and environmental tobacco smoke might reduce asthma and asthma-related respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Mészáros
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bayer
- Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Johns D, Downes P, Spezi E, Lewis D. EP-1188: Comparison of treatment planning system algorithms and monte carlo simulations for oesophageal radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shaughnessy P, Uberti J, Devine S, Maziarz RT, Vose J, Micallef I, Jacobsen E, McCarty J, Stiff P, Artz A, Ball ED, Berryman R, Dugan M, Joyce R, Hsu FJ, Johns D, McSweeney P. Plerixafor and G-CSF for autologous stem cell mobilization in patients with NHL, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma: results from the expanded access program. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fields K, Ament R, Johns D, Davis J, Bowers K. Policy Foundations for a Path Forward in Large Landscape Connectivity Conservation. ECOL RESTOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3368/er.30.4.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gutstein DE, Krishna R, Johns D, Surks HK, Dansky HM, Shah S, Mitchel YB, Arena J, Wagner JA. Anacetrapib, a Novel CETP Inhibitor: Pursuing a New Approach to Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 91:109-22. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sutherland I, Ignatova S, Hewitson P, Janaway L, Wood P, Edwards N, Harris G, Guzlek H, Keay D, Freebairn K, Johns D, Douillet N, Thickitt C, Vilminot E, Mathews B. Scalable Technology for the Extraction of Pharmaceutics (STEP): The transition from academic knowhow to industrial reality. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Background In a “wasp-waist” ecosystem, an intermediate trophic level is expected to control the abundance of predators through a bottom-up interaction and the abundance of prey through a top-down interaction. Previous studies suggest that the North Sea is mainly governed by bottom-up interactions driven by climate perturbations. However, few studies have investigated the importance of the intermediate trophic level occupied by small pelagic fishes. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the numeric interactions among 10 species of seabirds, two species of pelagic fish and four groups of zooplankton in the North Sea using decadal-scale databases. Linear models were used to relate the time series of zooplankton and seabirds to the time series of pelagic fish. Seabirds were positively related to herring (Clupea harengus), suggesting a bottom-up interaction. Two groups of zooplankton; Calanus helgolandicus and krill were negatively related to sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring respectively, suggesting top-down interactions. In addition, we found positive relationships among the zooplankton groups. Para/pseudocalanus was positively related to C. helgolandicus and C. finmarchicus was positively related to krill. Conclusion/Significance Our results indicate that herring was important in regulating the abundance of seabirds through a bottom-up interaction and that herring and sprat were important in regulating zooplankton through top-down interactions. We suggest that the positive relationships among zooplankton groups were due to selective foraging and switching in the two clupeid fishes. Our results suggest that “wasp-waist” interactions might be more important in the North Sea than previously anticipated. Fluctuations in the populations of pelagic fish due to harvesting and depletion of their predators might accordingly have profound consequences for ecosystem dynamics through trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Fauchald
- Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway.
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Abstract
Functional response diversity is defined as the diversity of responses to environmental change among species that contribute to the same ecosystem function. Because different ecological processes dominate on different spatial and temporal scales, response diversity is likely to be scale dependent. Using three extensive data sets on seabirds, pelagic fish, and zooplankton, we investigate the strength and diversity in the response of seabirds to prey in the North Sea over three scales of ecological organization. Two-stage analyses were used to partition the variance in the abundance of predators and prey among the different scales of investigation: variation from year to year, variation among habitats, and variation on the local patch scale. On the year-to-year scale, we found a strong and synchronous response of seabirds to the abundance of prey, resulting in low response diversity. Conversely, as different seabird species were found in habitats dominated by different prey species, we found a high diversity in the response of seabirds to prey on the habitat scale. Finally, on the local patch scale, seabirds were organized in multispecies patches. These patches were weakly associated with patches of prey, resulting in a weak response strength and a low response diversity. We suggest that ecological similarities among seabird species resulted in low response diversity on the year-to-year scale. On the habitat scale, we suggest that high response diversity was due to interspecific competition and niche segregation among seabird species. On the local patch scale, we suggest that facilitation with respect to the detection and accessibility of prey patches resulted in overlapping distribution of seabirds but weak associations with prey. The observed scale dependencies in response strength and diversity have implications for how the seabird community will respond to different environmental disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Fauchald
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Arctic Ecology Department, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
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Jacquemont S, Curie A, des Portes V, Torrioli MG, Berry-Kravis E, Hagerman RJ, Ramos FJ, Cornish K, He Y, Paulding C, Neri G, Chen F, Hadjikhani N, Martinet D, Meyer J, Beckmann JS, Delange K, Brun A, Bussy G, Gasparini F, Hilse T, Floesser A, Branson J, Bilbe G, Johns D, Gomez-Mancilla B. Epigenetic Modification of the FMR1 Gene in Fragile X Syndrome Is Associated with Differential Response to the mGluR5 Antagonist AFQ056. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:64ra1. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johns
- School of Government, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
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Johns D. 110 most important questions. Conserv Biol 2009; 23:1069. [PMID: 19765026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Bachmann O, Kazda C, Trautmann M, Johns D, Burger J, Okerson T, Brodows R. Änderung von HbA1c, Nüchternglukose, Gewicht, Lipiden und Vitalparametern in Abhängigkeit vom Ausgangs-BMI: Daten aus 2 klinischen Studien mit Exenatide und Insulin-Vergleichsarm. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Braiterman LT, Heffernan S, Nyasae L, Johns D, See AP, Yutzy R, McNickle A, Herman M, Sharma A, Naik UP, Hubbard AL. JAM-A is both essential and inhibitory to development of hepatic polarity in WIF-B cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G576-88. [PMID: 18096610 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00159.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) is involved in tight junction (TJ) formation in epithelial cells. Three JAMs (A, B, and C) are expressed in rat hepatocytes, but only rat JAM-A is present in polarized WIF-B cells, a rat-human hepatic line. We used knockdown (KD) and overexpression in WIF-B cells to determine the role of JAM-A in the development of hepatic polarity. Expression of rat JAM-A short hairpin RNA resulted in approximately 50% KD of JAM-A and substantial loss of hepatic polarity, as measured by the absence of apical cysts formed by adjacent cells and sealed by TJ belts. When inhibitory RNA-resistant human JAM-A (huWT) was expressed in KD cells, hepatic polarity was restored. In contrast, expression of JAM-A that either lacked its PDZ-binding motif (huDeltaC-term) or harbored a point mutation (T273A) did not complement, indicating that multiple sites within JAM-A's cytoplasmic tail are required for the development of hepatic polarity. Overexpression of huWT in normal WIF-B cells unexpectedly blocked WIF-B maturation to the hepatic phenotype, as did expression of three huJAM-A constructs with single point mutations in putative phosphorylation sites. In contrast, huDeltaC-term was without effect, and the T273A mutant only partially blocked maturation. Our results show that JAM-A is essential for the development of polarity in cultured hepatic cells via its possible phosphorylation and recruitment of relevant PDZ proteins and that hepatic polarity is achieved within a narrow range of JAM-A expression levels. Importantly, formation/maintenance of TJs and the apical domain in hepatic cells are linked, unlike simple epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelita T Braiterman
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Bachmann O, Kazda C, Davis S, Johns D, Maggs D, Bhole D, Xu H, Brodows R. Untersuchung der Betazell-Sensitivität im IVGTT bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes: Pilotstudie zum Einsatz von Exenatide als Ersatz für Insulin. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nauck MA, Duran S, Kim D, Johns D, Northrup J, Festa A, Brodows R, Trautmann M. A comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study. Diabetologia 2007; 50:259-67. [PMID: 17160407 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this 52-week, open-label, non-inferiority trial was to compare the safety and efficacy of exenatide (an incretin mimetic) with that of biphasic insulin aspart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients on metformin and a sulfonylurea were randomised to exenatide (n = 253; 5 microg twice daily for 4 weeks, 10 microg thereafter) or biphasic insulin aspart (n = 248; twice-daily doses titrated for optimal glucose control), while continuing with metformin and sulfonylurea treatment. RESULTS Glycaemic control achieved with exenatide was non-inferior to that achieved with biphasic insulin aspart (mean+/-SEM, HbA(1c) change: exenatide -1.04 +/- 0.07%, biphasic insulin aspart -0.89 +/- 0.06%; difference -0.15 [95% CI -0.32 to 0.01]%). Exenatide-treated patients lost weight, while patients treated with biphasic insulin aspart gained weight [between-group difference -5.4 (95% CI -5.9 to -5.0) kg]. Both treatments reduced fasting serum glucose (exenatide -1.8 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, p < 0.001; biphasic insulin aspart -1.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, p < 0.001). Greater reductions in postprandial glucose excursions following morning (p < 0.001), midday (p = 0.002) and evening meals (p < 0.001) were observed with exenatide. The withdrawal rate was 21.3% (54/253) for exenatide and 10.1% (25/248) for biphasic insulin aspart. Nausea (33% incidence, 3.5% discontinuation) was the most common adverse event observed with exenatide. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Exenatide treatment resulted in HbA(1c) reduction similar to biphasic insulin aspart and provided better postprandial glycaemic control, making it a potential alternative for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Treatment with biphasic insulin aspart was associated with weight gain and lower risk of adverse gastrointestinal events. Although the availability of glucose-lowering agents associated with weight reduction may be considered a therapeutic advance, the long-term implications of progressive weight reduction observed with exenatide have yet to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nauck
- Diabetes Center, Kirchberg 21, 37431, Bad Lauterberg im Harz, Germany.
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Kazda C, Bachmann O, Brodows R, Maggs D, Johns D, Davis S, Trautmann M. Pilotstudie mit Exenatide als Ersatz für Insulin bei bisher insulinbehandelten Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes unter Therapie mit oralen Antidiabetika. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kazda C, Bachmann O, Nauck MA, Kim D, Johns D, Trautmann M. Exenatide und biphasisches Insulin Aspart bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes: Klinische Ergebnisse einer Nicht-Unterlegenheitsstudie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Johns D. Finding Good in the Bad and Vice Versa. Science 2006; 311:1376. [PMID: 16527949 DOI: 10.1126/science.311.5766.1376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kazda C, Trautmann M, Brodows RG, Glass LC, Johns D, Qu Y, Bugler CF, Kim D, Holcombe JH. Unterschiedlicher Einfluss von Exenatide und Insulin Glargin auf die postprandialen Blutzuckerspitzen bei Typ 2 Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kazda C, Trautmann ME, Heine RJ, van Gaal LF, Johns D, Mihm MJ, Widel MH, Brodows RG. Exenatide und Insulin Glargin bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes: Klinische Ergebnisse einer Vergleichsstudie über 6 Monate. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Roden M, Laakso M, Johns D, Widel M, Urquhart R, Richardson C, Mariz S, Tan MH. Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2005; 22:1101-6. [PMID: 16026380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action. We studied the changes in insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), in patients with T2DM who used metformin or pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination therapy with sulphonylurea. METHODS Data in this report are from two multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy studies conducted in Europe (monotherapy) or in Europe and Canada (combination therapy study). Patients were randomized to 52 weeks of treatment consisting of a 12-week forced titration period and a 40-week maintenance period. HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) were quantified from a single blood sample at weeks 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 42 and 52. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with QUICKI, which is calculated from FSI and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations using the formula 1/(log(10) FSI + log(10) FBG). Time course effects of the treatments were compared by repeated measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS As monotherapy, pioglitazone and metformin increased QUICKI compared with baseline (baseline vs. end point [mean +/- sem]; pioglitazone [0.303 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.321 +/- 0.001; P < 0.001] and metformin [0.304 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.315 +/- 0.001; P < 0.001]). Pioglitazone increased insulin sensitivity more than metformin from week 4 through week 52. There were significant increases in QUICKI from baseline in both combination therapy groups (baseline vs. end point; pioglitazone + sulphonylurea [0.305 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.319 +/- 0.001; P < 0.001] and metformin + sulphonylurea [0.306 +/- 0.001 vs. 0.317 +/- 0.001; P < 0.001]). Overall, pioglitazone + sulphonylurea significantly increased insulin sensitivity more than metformin + sulphonylurea. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone differed from metformin in its effects on insulin sensitivity despite both drugs having comparable glycaemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roden
- I. Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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