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Oliveira Carvalho C, Pazirgiannidi M, Ravelomanana T, Andriambelomanana F, Schrøder-Nielsen A, Stuart Ready J, de Boer H, Fusari CE, Mauvisseau Q. Multi-method survey rediscovers critically endangered species and strengthens Madagascar's freshwater fish conservation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20427. [PMID: 39227484 PMCID: PMC11372049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are crucial for global biodiversity through supporting plant and animal species and providing essential resources. These ecosystems are under significant threat, particularly in island environments such as Madagascar. Our study focuses on the Amboaboa River basin, home to the rare and endemic fish species Rheocles derhami, last recorded in 2013. To assess the status of this and other threatened fish species including Ptychochromis insolitus and Paretroplus gymnopreopercularis, and to understand freshwater fish population dynamics in this biodiversity hotspot, we conducted a comprehensive survey using both environmental DNA (eDNA) and traditional fishing methods. While traditional methods effectively captured a diverse range of species, including several invasive aliens and the critically endangered endemic species that were the focus of this study, the eDNA approach detected only a fraction of these introduced species and struggled to identify some critically endangered endemics at the species level. This highlights the value of combining methods to enhance species detection. We also investigated the trade-offs associated with multi-primer assessments in eDNA analysis, focusing on three different primer combinations targeting the 12S mitochondrial gene: MiFish, Tele02, and Riaz. Additionally, we provided 12S reference barcodes for 10 species across 9 genera of fishes from the region to increase the coverage of the public reference databases. Overall, our study elucidates the current state of freshwater biodiversity in the Amboaboa River basin and underscores the value of employing multiple methods for effective conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Oliveira Carvalho
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation, Center for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Tsilavina Ravelomanana
- Biology of Aquatic Population Laboratory, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | | | | | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation, Center for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Thomsen PF, Jensen MR, Sigsgaard EE. A vision for global eDNA-based monitoring in a changing world. Cell 2024; 187:4444-4448. [PMID: 38754422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has opened promising avenues for establishing standardized, cost-efficient monitoring of biodiversity. However, comprehensive and systematic implementation is urgently needed to address the current biodiversity crisis. Here, we envision a global eDNA biomonitoring scheme, which could potentially revolutionize the understanding and conservation of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mads Reinholdt Jensen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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3
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Oberreiter V, Gelabert P, Brück F, Franz S, Zelger E, Szedlacsek S, Cheronet O, Cano FT, Exler F, Zagorc B, Karavanić I, Banda M, Gasparyan B, Straus LG, Gonzalez Morales MR, Kappelman J, Stahlschmidt M, Rattei T, Kraemer SM, Sawyer S, Pinhasi R. Maximizing efficiency in sedimentary ancient DNA analysis: a novel extract pooling approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19388. [PMID: 39169089 PMCID: PMC11339378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the field of ancient DNA has taken a new direction towards using sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) for studying human and mammalian population dynamics as well as past ecosystems. However, the screening of numerous sediment samples from archaeological sites remains a time-consuming and costly endeavor, particularly when targeting hominin DNA. Here, we present a novel high-throughput method that facilitates the fast and efficient analysis of sediment samples by applying a pooled testing approach. This method combines multiple extracts, enabling early parallelization of laboratory procedures and effective aDNA screening. Pooled samples with detectable aDNA signals undergo detailed analysis, while empty pools are discarded. We have successfully applied our method to multiple sediment samples from Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Notably, our results reveal that an aDNA signal remains discernible even when pooled with four negative samples. We also demonstrate that the DNA yield of double-stranded libraries increases significantly when reducing the extract input, potentially mitigating the effects of inhibition. By embracing this innovative approach, researchers can analyze large numbers of sediment samples for aDNA preservation, achieving significant cost reductions of up to 70% and reducing hands-on laboratory time to one-fifth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Oberreiter
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pere Gelabert
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Florian Brück
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Franz
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Zelger
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Szedlacsek
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Florian Exler
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brina Zagorc
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivor Karavanić
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Banda
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Gasparyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lawrence Guy Straus
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
- EvoAdapta Group Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Manuel R Gonzalez Morales
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Gobierno de Cantabria, Banco Santander, Spain
| | - John Kappelman
- Department of Anthropology and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mareike Stahlschmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Division of Computational Systems Biology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan M Kraemer
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Forschungsverbund Umwelt und Klima, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Sawyer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Giolai M, Verweij W, Martin S, Pearson N, Nicholson P, Leggett RM, Clark MD. Measuring air metagenomic diversity in an agricultural ecosystem. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3778-3791.e4. [PMID: 39096906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
All species shed DNA during life or in death, providing an opportunity to monitor biodiversity via environmental DNA (eDNA). In recent years, combining eDNA, high-throughput sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and increasingly complete sequence databases has promised a non-invasive and non-destructive environmental monitoring tool. Modern agricultural systems are often large monocultures and so are highly vulnerable to disease outbreaks. Pest and pathogen monitoring in agricultural ecosystems is key for efficient and early disease prevention, lower pesticide use, and better food security. Although the air is rich in biodiversity, it has the lowest DNA concentration of all environmental media and yet is the route for windborne spread of many damaging crop pathogens. Our work suggests that ecosystems can be monitored efficiently using airborne nucleic acid information. Here, we show that the airborne DNA of microbes can be recovered, shotgun sequenced, and taxonomically classified, including down to the species level. We show that by monitoring a field growing key crops we can identify the presence of agriculturally significant pathogens and quantify their changing abundance over a period of 1.5 months, often correlating with weather variables. We add to the evidence that aerial eDNA can be used as a source for biomonitoring in terrestrial ecosystems, specifically highlighting agriculturally relevant species and how pathogen levels correlate with weather conditions. Our ability to detect dynamically changing levels of species and strains highlights the value of airborne eDNA in agriculture, monitoring biodiversity changes, and tracking taxa of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giolai
- Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Walter Verweij
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; Enza Zaden, Enkhuizen 1602 DB, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel Martin
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Neil Pearson
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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5
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Thomassen EE, Sigsgaard EE, Jensen MR, Olsen K, Hansen MDD, Thomsen PF. Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals temporal dynamics but functional stability of arthropod communities in cattle dung. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:1003-1021. [PMID: 38864368 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial invertebrates are highly important for the decomposition of dung from large mammals. Mammal dung has been present in many of Earth's ecosystems for millions of years, enabling the evolution of a broad diversity of dung-associated invertebrates that process various components of the dung. Today, large herbivorous mammals are increasingly introduced to ecosystems with the aim of restoring the ecological functions formerly provided by their extinct counterparts. However, we still know little about the ecosystem functions and nutrient flows in these rewilded ecosystems, including the dynamics of dung decomposition. In fact, the succession of insect communities in dung is an area of limited research attention also outside a rewilding context. In this study, we use environmental DNA metabarcoding of dung from rewilded Galloway cattle in an experimental set-up to investigate invertebrate communities and functional dynamics over a time span of 53 days, starting from the time of deposition. We find a strong signal of successional change in community composition, including for the species that are directly dependent on dung as a resource. While several of these species were detected consistently across the sampling period, others appeared confined to either early or late successional stages. We believe that this is indicative of evolutionary adaptation to a highly dynamic resource, with species showing niche partitioning on a temporal scale. However, our results show consistently high species diversity within the functional groups that are directly dependent on dung. Our findings of such redundancy suggest functional stability of the dung-associated invertebrate community, with several species ready to fill vacant niches if other species disappear. Importantly, this might also buffer the ecosystem functions related to dung decomposition against environmental change. Interestingly, alpha diversity peaked after approximately 20-25 days in both meadow and pasture habitats, and did not decrease substantially during the experimental period, probably due to preservation of eDNA in the dung after the disappearance of visiting invertebrates, and from detection of tissue remains and cryptic life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mads Reinholdt Jensen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University Denmark, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kent Olsen
- Department of Research and Collections, Natural History Museum Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten D D Hansen
- Department of Research and Collections, Natural History Museum Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Parsley MB, Crespi EJ, Rittenhouse TAG, Brunner JL, Goldberg CS. Environmental DNA concentrations vary greatly across productive and degradative conditions, with implications for the precision of population estimates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17392. [PMID: 39075085 PMCID: PMC11286860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Population size is an important metric to inform the conservation and management of species. For aquatic species, environmental DNA (eDNA) concentration has been suggested for non-invasively estimating population size. However, many biotic and abiotic factors simultaneously influence the production and degradation of eDNA which can alter the relationship between population size and eDNA concentration. We investigated the influence of temperature, salinity, and ranavirus infection on eDNA concentrations using tadpole mesocosms. Using linear regression models, we tested the influence of each experimental treatment on eDNA concentrations at three time points before and during epidemics. Prior to infection, elevated temperatures lowered eDNA concentrations, indicating that degradation was the driving force influencing eDNA concentrations. During early epidemics, no treatments strongly influenced eDNA concentrations and in late epidemics, productive forces dominated as ranavirus intensity and dead organisms increased eDNA concentrations. Finally, population size was only an important predictor of eDNA concentration in late epidemics and we observed high levels of variation between samples of replicate mesocosms. We demonstrate the complexities of several interacting factors influencing productive and degradative forces, variation in influences on eDNA concentration over short time spans, and examine the limitations of estimating population sizes from eDNA with precision in semi-natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B Parsley
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Tracy A G Rittenhouse
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jesse L Brunner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Caren S Goldberg
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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7
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Jeunen GJ, Mills S, Lamare M, Duffy GA, Knapp M, Stanton JAL, Mariani S, Treece J, Ferreira S, Durán-Vinet B, Zavodna M, Gemmell NJ. Unlocking Antarctic molecular time-capsules - Recovering historical environmental DNA from museum-preserved sponges. Mol Ecol Resour 2024:e14001. [PMID: 39051108 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Marine sponges have recently emerged as efficient natural environmental DNA (eDNA) samplers. The ability of sponges to accumulate eDNA provides an exciting opportunity to reconstruct contemporary communities and ecosystems with high temporal and spatial precision. However, the use of historical eDNA, trapped within the vast number of specimens stored in scientific collections, opens up the opportunity to begin to reconstruct the communities and ecosystems of the past. Here, we define the term 'heDNA' to denote the historical environmental DNA that can be obtained from the recent past with high spatial and temporal accuracy. Using a variety of Antarctic sponge specimens stored in an extensive marine invertebrate collection, we were able to recover information on Antarctic fish biodiversity from specimens up to 20 years old. We successfully recovered 64 fish heDNA signals from 27 sponge specimens. Alpha diversity measures did not differ among preservation methods, but sponges stored frozen had a significantly different fish community composition compared to those stored dry or in ethanol. Our results show that we were consistently and reliably able to extract the heDNA trapped within marine sponge specimens, thereby enabling the reconstruction and investigation of communities and ecosystems of the recent past with a spatial and temporal resolution previously unattainable. Future research into heDNA extraction from other preservation methods, as well as the impact of specimen age and collection method, will strengthen and expand the opportunities for this novel resource to access new knowledge on ecological change during the last century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Jeunen
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sadie Mills
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Miles Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Grant A Duffy
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Knapp
- Coastal People: Southern Skies Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jo-Ann L Stanton
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Jackson Treece
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sara Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Monika Zavodna
- Otago Genomics Facility, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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8
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Bell KL, Campos M, Hoffmann BD, Encinas-Viso F, Hunter GC, Webber BL. Environmental DNA methods for biosecurity and invasion biology in terrestrial ecosystems: Progress, pitfalls, and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171810. [PMID: 38513869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) enables indirect detection of species without the need to directly observe and sample them. For biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA-based methods are useful to address biological invasions at all phases, from detecting arrivals to confirming eradication of past invasions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found that in biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA has primarily been used to detect new incursions and monitor spread in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with much slower uptake in terrestrial ecosystems, reflecting a broader trend common to the usage of eDNA tools. In terrestrial ecosystems, eDNA research has mostly focussed on the use of eDNA metabarcoding to characterise biodiversity, rather than targeting biosecurity threats or non-native populations. We discuss how eDNA-based methods are being applied to terrestrial ecosystems for biosecurity and managing non-native populations at each phase of the invasion continuum: transport, introduction, establishment, and spread; across different management options: containment, control, and eradication; and for detecting the impact of non-native organisms. Finally, we address some of the current technical issues and caveats of eDNA-based methods, particularly for terrestrial ecosystems, and how these might be solved. As eDNA-based methods improve, they will play an increasingly important role in the early detection and adaptive management of biological invasions, and the implementation of effective biosecurity controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Mariana Campos
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | | | - Francisco Encinas-Viso
- CSIRO Centre of Australian National Biodiversity Research, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Gavin C Hunter
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce L Webber
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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9
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Peers JA, Leggett RM, Clark MD, McMullan M. Tools for pathogen genetic surveillance: Lessons from the ash dieback invasion of Europe. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012182. [PMID: 38781155 PMCID: PMC11115204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew D. Clark
- Department of Science, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Parsley MB, Goldberg CS. Environmental RNA can distinguish life stages in amphibian populations. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13857. [PMID: 37593778 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Applications of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis methods for biomonitoring have grown exponentially over the last decade and provide a wealth of new information on the distribution of species. However, eDNA methods have limited application for estimating population-level metrics. Environmental RNA (eRNA) has the potential to address ecological questions by gathering population demographic information from environmental media but may be challenging to detect and analyze. We developed gene-specific eRNA assays targeting keratin-associated genes in two focal species, American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) to answer an important question in amphibian management: whether species detections represent breeding populations versus transitory adults. We performed an extensive laboratory validation with amphibians housed across development stages, where we collected 95 and 127 environmental samples for bullfrogs and salamanders, respectively. Both assays were highly specific to the larval stage and amplified with high sensitivity (90% in bullfrog and 88.4% in tiger salamander samples). We then applied our validated assays to multiple natural systems. When larvae were present, we found 74.1% overall detection in bullfrog field samples and 70.8% and 48.5% overall detection in field samples from ponds with A. macrodactylum and A. californiense larvae, correlating with eDNA detection rates. When only adults were present, we did not detect larvae-specific eRNA in A. macrodactylum ponds, despite high eDNA detection rates. Although much work is ahead for optimizing assay design, sampling and filtering methods, we demonstrate that eRNA can successfully be used to discern life stages with direct application for ecology and conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B Parsley
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Caren S Goldberg
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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11
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Schlegel M, Treindl AD, Panziera J, Zengerer V, Zani D, Brännhage J, Gross A. A case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of macrofungi. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13941. [PMID: 38409666 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Fungi play a vital role in ecosystem functioning, yet significant knowledge gaps persist in understanding their diversity and distribution leading to uncertainties about their threat status and extinction risk. This is partly owed to the difficulty of monitoring fungi using traditional fruiting body surveys. The present study evaluates airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling as a monitoring tool with a focus on grassland macrofungi. We applied active and passive air sampling methods, complemented by extensive field surveys of waxcap and clavarioid fungi-species groups of high relevance for conservation. Twenty-nine species were recorded during the field surveys, 19 of which were also detectable by ITS2 metabarcoding of the collected samples. An additional 12 species from the studied genera were identified exclusively in air eDNA. We found that the patterns of species detection and read abundance in air samples reflected the abundance and occurrence of fruiting bodies on the field. Dispersal kernels fitted for the three dominant species predicted rapidly decreasing spore concentrations with increasing distance from fruitbodies. Airborne assemblages were dominated by a high diversity of common species, while rare and threatened red-listed species were under-represented, which underscores the difficulty in detecting rare species, not only in conventional surveys. Considering the benefits and drawbacks of air sampling and fruitbody surveys, we conclude that air sampling serves as a cost- and time-efficient tool to characterize local macrofungal communities, providing the potential to facilitate and improve future fungal monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schlegel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Jenny Panziera
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Deborah Zani
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Brännhage
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrin Gross
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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12
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Schenekar T, Baxter J, Phukuntsi MA, Sedlmayr I, Weckworth B, Mwale M. Optimizing waterborne eDNA capture from waterholes in savanna systems under remote field conditions. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13942. [PMID: 38390664 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used for biodiversity assessments in a variety of ecosystems across the globe, whereby different eDNA concentration, preservation and extraction methods can outperform others depending on the sampling conditions and environment. Tropical and subtropical ecosystems in Africa are among the less studied systems concerning eDNA-based monitoring. Waterholes in arid parts of southern Africa represent important agglomeration points for terrestrial mammals, and the eDNA shed into such waterbodies provides a powerful source of information for monitoring mammalian biodiversity in the surrounding area. However, the applied methods for eDNA sampling, preservation and filtering in different freshwater systems vary greatly, and rigorous protocol testing in African freshwater systems is still lacking. This study represents the first attempt to examine variations in eDNA concentration, preservation and extraction methods under remote field conditions using waterborne eDNA in a savanna system. Collected samples were heavily affected by microalgal and bacterial growth, impeding eDNA capture and PCR success. We demonstrate clear effects of the methodological choices, which also depend on the state of eDNA. A preliminary metabarcoding run showed little taxonomic overlap in mammal species detection between two metabarcoding primers tested. We recommend water filtering (using filters with pore sizes >1 μm) over centrifugation for eDNA concentration, Longmire's solution for ambient temperature sample preservation and Qiagen's DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit for DNA extraction of these inhibitor-prone samples. Furthermore, at least two independent metabarcoding markers should be utilized in order to maximize species detections in metabarcoding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine Baxter
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Metlholo Andries Phukuntsi
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Egagasini Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Monica Mwale
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa
- NRF-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda (Grahamstown), South Africa
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13
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Goray M, Taylor D, Bibbo E, Fantinato C, Fonneløp AE, Gill P, van Oorschot RAH. Emerging use of air eDNA and its application to forensic investigations - A review. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:916-932. [PMID: 38419135 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological material is routinely collected at crime scenes and from exhibits and is a key type of evidence during criminal investigations. Improvements in DNA technologies allow collection and profiling of trace samples, comprised of few cells, significantly expanding the types of exhibits targeted for DNA analysis to include touched surfaces. However, success rates from trace and touch DNA samples tend to be poorer compared to other biological materials such as blood. Simultaneously, there have been recent advances in the utility of environmental DNA collection (eDNA) in identification and tracking of different biological organisms and species from bacteria to naked mole rats in different environments, including, soil, ice, snow, air and aquatic. This paper examines the emerging methods and research into eDNA collection, with a special emphasis on the potential forensic applications of human DNA collection from air including challenges and further studies required to progress implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Goray
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Bibbo
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chiara Fantinato
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Elida Fonneløp
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Gill
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Office of Chief Forensic Scientist, Macleod, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Yoshimura H, Hayakawa T, Kikuchi DM, Zhumabai Uulu K, Qi H, Sugimoto T, Sharma K, Kinoshita K. Metabarcoding analysis provides insight into the link between prey and plant intake in a large alpine cat carnivore, the snow leopard. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240132. [PMID: 39076800 PMCID: PMC11285773 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Species of the family Felidae are thought to be obligate carnivores. However, detection of plants in their faeces raises questions about the role of plants in their diet. This is particularly true for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Our study aimed to comprehensively identify the prey and plants consumed by snow leopards. We applied DNA metabarcoding methods on 90 faecal samples of snow leopards collected in Kyrgyzstan, employing one vertebrate and four plant markers. We found that argali (Ovis ammon) was detected only from male snow leopards. Myricaraia sp. was the most consumed among 77 plant operational taxonomic units found in snow leopard samples. It frequently appeared in samples lacking any prey animal DNA, indicating that snow leopards might have consumed this plant especially when their digestive tracts were empty. We also observed differences in the patterns of plant consumption between male and female snow leopards. Our comprehensive overview of prey and plants detected in the faeces of snow leopards and other sympatric mammals will help in formulating hypotheses and guiding future research to understand the adaptive significance of plant-eating behaviour in felids. This knowledge supports the enhancement of their captive environments and the conservation planning of their natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Japan Monkey Center, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dale M. Kikuchi
- Department of Bioresource Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Huiyuan Qi
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taro Sugimoto
- Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Tamba, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koustubh Sharma
- Snow Leopard Foundation in Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kodzue Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Moloney GK, Chaber AL. Where are you hiding the pangolins? screening tools to detect illicit contraband at international borders and their adaptability for illegal wildlife trafficking. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299152. [PMID: 38568991 PMCID: PMC10990205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The illegal movement of wildlife poses a public health, conservation and biosecurity threat, however there are currently minimal screening tools available at international ports of entry to intercept wildlife trafficking efforts. This review first aimed to explore the screening tools available or under development for the detection of concealed wildlife contraband at international ports, including postal services, airlines, road border crossings and maritime routes. Where evidence was deficient, publications detailing the use of methods to uncover other illicit substances, such as narcotics, weapons, human trafficking, explosives, radioactive materials, or special nuclear material, were compiled and assessed for their applicability to the detection of wildlife. The first search identified only four citations related to the detection of wildlife, however the secondary search revealed 145 publications, including 59 journal articles and 86 conference proceedings, describing screening tools for non-wildlife illicit contraband detection. The screening tools uncovered were analysed for potential fitness for purpose for wildlife contraband detection, to evaluate the feasibility of their implementation and their ease of use. The deficiencies evident in terms of resource availability and research efforts targeting wildlife trafficking highlights a potentially substantial national and international security threat which must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kate Moloney
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Global One Health Alliance Pty Ltd, West Lakes Shore, SA, Australia
| | - Anne-Lise Chaber
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Global One Health Alliance Pty Ltd, West Lakes Shore, SA, Australia
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16
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Honka J, Kvist L, Olli S, Laaksonen T, Aspi J. Optimised PCR assays for detecting elusive waterfowl from environmental DNA. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11224. [PMID: 38571801 PMCID: PMC10985361 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
For many aquatic and semiaquatic mammal, amphibian and fish species, environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are employed to detect species distribution and to monitor their presence, but eDNA is much less employed for avian species. Here, we developed primers for the detection of true geese and swan species using eDNA and optimised a PCR protocol for eDNA. We selected taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis fabalis) as our focal (sub)species and sampled water from lakes, from which the presence of taiga bean goose was visually confirmed. To test, if taiga bean goose DNA could be detected among DNA of other goose species, we similarly sampled eDNA from a zoo pond housing several Anatidae species. We were able to detect taiga bean goose DNA in all but one of the tested lakes, including the zoo pond. The primers developed are not species-specific, but rather specific to the genus Anser, due to the close relatedness of Anser species, which prevented the development of species-specific primers and the use of, for example, quantitative PCR. We also developed eDNA primers for Branta species and Cygnus species and tested these primers using the same samples. Canada goose (B. canadensis) and barnacle goose (B. leucopsis) DNA were only detected in the zoo pond (in which they were present), as the sampled natural lakes fall outside the range of these species. We detected whooper swan (C. cygnus) DNA in three lakes and the zoo pond (in which the species was present). The eDNA method presented here provides a potential means to monitor elusive goose species and to study the co-occurrence of large waterfowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Honka
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Laura Kvist
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Suvi Olli
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Toni Laaksonen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Jouni Aspi
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
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17
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Han X, Chen J, Wu L, Zhang G, Fan X, Yan T, Zhu L, Guan Y, Zhou L, Hou T, Xue X, Li X, Wang M, Xing H, Xiong X, Wang Z. Species distribution modeling combined with environmental DNA analysis to explore distribution of invasive alien mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25978-25990. [PMID: 38492140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
China has become one of the most serious countries suffering from biological invasions in the world. In the context of global climate change, invasive alien species (IAS) are likely to invade a wider area, posing greater ecological and economic threats in China. Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), which is known as one of the 100 most invasive alien species, has distributed widely in southern China and is gradually spreading to the north, causing serious ecological damage and economic losses. However, its distribution in China is still unclear. Hence, there is an urgent need for a more convenient way to detect and monitor the distribution of G. affinis to put forward specific management. Therefore, we detected the distribution of G. affinis in China under current and future climate change by combing Maxent modeling prediction and eDNA verification, which is a more time-saving and reliable method to estimate the distribution of species. The Maxent modeling showed that G. affinis has a broad habitat suitability in China (especially in southern China) and would continue to spread in the future with ongoing climate change. However, eDNA monitoring showed that occurrences can already be detected in regions that Maxent still categorized as unsuitable. Besides temperature, precipitation and human influence were the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of G. affinis in China. In addition, by environmental DNA analysis, we verified the presence of G. affinis predicted by Maxent in the Qinling Mountains where the presence of G. affinis had not been previously recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinxiao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long Zhu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjing Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linjun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoran Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofan Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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18
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Fernandes K, Bateman PW, Saunders BJ, Gibberd M, Bunce M, Bohmann K, Nevill P. Analysing the effects of distance, taxon and biomass on vertebrate detections using bulk-collected carrion fly iDNA. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231286. [PMID: 38577218 PMCID: PMC10987983 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) metabarcoding from carrion flies is a powerful, non-invasive tool that has value for assessing vertebrate diversity. However, unknowns exist around the factors that influence vertebrate detections, such as spatial limits to iDNA signals or if detections are influenced by taxonomic class or estimated biomass of the vertebrates of interest. Using a bulk-collection method, we captured flies from within a zoo and along transects extending 4 km away from this location. From 920 flies, we detected 28 vertebrate species. Of the 28 detected species, we identified 9 species kept at the zoo, 8 mammals and 1 bird, but no reptiles. iDNA detections were highly geographically localized, and only a few zoo animals were detected outside the zoo setting. However, due to the low number of detections in our dataset, we found no influence of the taxonomic group or the estimated biomass of animals on their detectability. Our data suggest that iDNA detections from bulk-collected carrion flies, at least in urban settings in Australia, are predominantly determined by geographic proximity to the sampling location. This study presents an important step in understanding how iDNA techniques can be used in biodiversity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Fernandes
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Food Agility CRC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales2000, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Philip W. Bateman
- Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
- MBioMe - Mine Site Biomonitoring using eDNA Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Saunders
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Mark Gibberd
- Food Agility CRC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales2000, Australia
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
- Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Porirua5022, New Zealand
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Nevill
- MBioMe - Mine Site Biomonitoring using eDNA Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
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19
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McCauley M, Koda SA, Loesgen S, Duffy DJ. Multicellular species environmental DNA (eDNA) research constrained by overfocus on mitochondrial DNA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169550. [PMID: 38142009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an established tool across the biological and medical sciences. Despite the evident successes and wide adoption of eDNA approaches, some fundamental questions remain. For instance, there is almost a dogma in the field around the superiority of mitochondrial DNA for use in eDNA studies, however robust comparison with nuclear eDNA is widely lacking. The dominance of mitochondrial-based eDNA for animal and plant studies appears to be largely settled, despite a widespread lack of rigorous nuclear eDNA testing. Outside of the source organism the protections conferred on eDNA by the cell, mitochondrial and nuclear membranes are poorly understood, including the contribution of each to eDNA persistence and degradation. Utilizing shotgun sequencing to unbiasedly assess the level of nuclear and mitochondrial eDNA across samples, we reveal stark differences in nuclear versus mitochondrial eDNA persistence and abundance. By focusing too heavily on mitochondrial DNA alone the field is underutilizing eDNA's full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark McCauley
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Samantha A Koda
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
| | - Sandra Loesgen
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David J Duffy
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA; Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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20
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Newton JP, Nevill P, Bateman PW, Campbell MA, Allentoft ME. Spider webs capture environmental DNA from terrestrial vertebrates. iScience 2024; 27:108904. [PMID: 38533454 PMCID: PMC10964257 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA holds significant promise as a non-invasive tool for tracking terrestrial biodiversity. However, in non-homogenous terrestrial environments, the continual exploration of new substrates is crucial. Here we test the hypothesis that spider webs can act as passive biofilters, capturing eDNA from vertebrates present in the local environment. Using a metabarcoding approach, we detected vertebrate eDNA from all analyzed spider webs (N = 49). Spider webs obtained from an Australian woodland locality yielded vertebrate eDNA from 32 different species, including native mammals and birds. In contrast, webs from Perth Zoo, less than 50 km away, yielded eDNA from 61 different vertebrates and produced a highly distinct species composition, largely reflecting exotic species hosted in the zoo. We show that higher animal biomass and proximity to animal enclosures increased eDNA detection probability in the zoo. Our results indicate a tremendous potential for using spider webs as a cost-effective means to monitor terrestrial vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Newton
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Minesite Biodiversity Monitoring with eDNA (MBioMe) research group, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Paul Nevill
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Minesite Biodiversity Monitoring with eDNA (MBioMe) research group, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Philip W. Bateman
- Minesite Biodiversity Monitoring with eDNA (MBioMe) research group, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Behavioural Ecology Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Campbell
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Morten E. Allentoft
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Osathanunkul M, Suwannapoom C. An eDNA-based assessment of Garra cambodgiensis (stonelapping minnow) distribution on a megadiverse river, the Mekong. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10898. [PMID: 38333100 PMCID: PMC10850809 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Garra cambodgiensis (stonelapping minnow) has experienced significant population declines, prompting intensive research and management, although its distribution in river systems such as the Mekong remains obscure. Effective conservation and management necessitate accurate monitoring and survey data on the distribution of freshwater species. Traditional surveying techniques for fish may be challenging and generate insufficient data on species distribution. This study developed an eDNA-based method for detecting G. cambodgiensis to address this void. Twenty-one locations were surveyed. Water samples were collected in triplicate from the river's surface at each site and processed within 48 h in a dedicated laboratory. Primers and probes for G. cambodgiensis were meticulously designed and species-specificity tested to ensure accurate detection without interference from co-occurring species in the same geographic range. Each water sample was analysed by qPCR using six technical replicates. The results of qPCR were reported as positive with quantifiable eDNA concentration (copies/mL), below the limit of quantification, or non-detectable. G. cambodgiensis eDNA was detected in water samples collected from 10 out of 21 sampling sites, with concentrations ranging from 8.5 to 2990.0 copies/mL. Importantly, G. cambodgiensis eDNA was consistently detected in all three replicate water samples at each site where the qPCR experiment yielded positive results. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating eDNA-based monitoring or surveys for G. cambodgiensis in the ecologically diverse Mekong River. Monitoring based on eDNA can aid in targeting and informing conservation and management of G. cambodgiensis in its natural habitat. Comprehensive and robust information on species distribution can be obtained via an eDNA-based survey, which could contribute to more efficient and informed decision-making processes in fisheries management and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maslin Osathanunkul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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22
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Arana A, Arana C, Watsa M, Tobler MW, Pacheco V, Esteves J, Mena JL, Salinas L, Ramirez JL. Lack of local genetic representation in one of the regions with the highest bird species richness, the Peruvian Amazonia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296305. [PMID: 38165899 PMCID: PMC10760656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Peru ranks among the three countries with the highest bird species diversity globally and a majority of those species are found in the Peruvian Amazon. However, birds in this area are currently facing serious anthropogenic threats. Genetic and genomic methods are becoming important tools for avian biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning. Comprehensive molecular libraries that are publicly available are key to the effective deployment of these tools. We analyze the information gaps for four molecular markers in the most important genetic sequence databases, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and NCBI GenBank, for bird species of the Peruvian Amazonia. We found that 64% of Peruvian Amazonian bird species have gene sequences for COI, 59.5% have CYTB sequences, 16.4% have 12S sequences, and only 0.6% have 18S sequences. However, these numbers decrease drastically to 4.3% for COI sequences when we only consider specimens sampled in Peru. Our data also showed that 43.8% of Peruvian Amazonian endemic species (n = 32) are missing sequences of any screened marker uploaded to GenBank or BOLD. Our results will encourage and guide efforts of the scientific community to complete reference libraries for Peruvian avian species that will be useful for future DNA-based monitoring projects that include birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arana
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - César Arana
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Mrinalini Watsa
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, Escondido, California, United States of America
| | - Mathias W. Tobler
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, Escondido, California, United States of America
| | - Víctor Pacheco
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Esteves
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Letty Salinas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge L. Ramirez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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23
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Lynggaard C, Frøslev TG, Johnson MS, Olsen MT, Bohmann K. Airborne environmental DNA captures terrestrial vertebrate diversity in nature. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13840. [PMID: 37497670 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The current biodiversity and climate crises highlight the need for efficient tools to monitor terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we provide evidence for the use of airborne eDNA analyses as a novel method for detecting terrestrial vertebrate communities in nature. Metabarcoding of 143 airborne eDNA samples collected during 3 days in a mixed forest in Denmark yielded 64 bird, mammal, fish and amphibian taxa, of which the detected 57 'wild' taxa represent over a quarter of the around 210 terrestrial vertebrates that occur in the overall area. We provide evidence for the spatial movement and temporal patterns of airborne eDNA and for the influence of weather conditions on vertebrate detections. This study demonstrates airborne eDNA for high-resolution biomonitoring of vertebrates in terrestrial systems and elucidates its potential to guide global nature management and conservation efforts in the ongoing biodiversity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lynggaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Guldberg Frøslev
- Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DevLabs, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Tange Olsen
- Section for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Petr M, Haller BC, Ralph PL, Racimo F. slendr: a framework for spatio-temporal population genomic simulations on geographic landscapes. PEER COMMUNITY JOURNAL 2023; 3:e121. [PMID: 38984034 PMCID: PMC11233137 DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
One of the goals of population genetics is to understand how evolutionary forces shape patterns of genetic variation over time. However, because populations evolve across both time and space, most evolutionary processes also have an important spatial component, acting through phenomena such as isolation by distance, local mate choice, or uneven distribution of resources. This spatial dimension is often neglected, partly due to the lack of tools specifically designed for building and evaluating complex spatio-temporal population genetic models. To address this methodological gap, we present a new framework for simulating spatially-explicit genomic data, implemented in a new R package called slendr (www.slendr.net), which leverages a SLiM simulation back-end script bundled with the package. With this framework, the users can programmatically and visually encode spatial population ranges and their temporal dynamics (i.e., population displacements, expansions, and contractions) either on real Earth landscapes or on abstract custom maps, and schedule splits and gene-flow events between populations using a straightforward declarative language. Additionally, slendr can simulate data from traditional, non-spatial models, either with SLiM or using an alternative built-in coalescent msprime back end. Together with its R-idiomatic interface to the tskit library for tree-sequence processing and analysis, slendr opens up the possibility of performing efficient, reproducible simulations of spatio-temporal genomic data entirely within the R environment, leveraging its wealth of libraries for geospatial data analysis, statistics, and visualization. Here, we present the design of the slendr R package and demonstrate its features on several practical example workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Petr
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin C Haller
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Peter L Ralph
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Escobar JA, Gallardo-Hernandez AG, Gonzalez-Olvera MA, Revilla-Monsalve C, Hernandez D, Leder R. High order sliding mode control for restoration of a population of predators in a Lotka-Volterra system. J Biol Phys 2023; 49:509-520. [PMID: 37801181 PMCID: PMC10651824 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-023-09643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced extinction and rapid ecological changes require the development of techniques that can help avoid extinction of endangered species. The most used strategy to avoid extinction is reintroduction of the endangered species, but only 31% of these attempts are successful and they require up to 15 years for their results to be evaluated. In this research, we propose a novel strategy that improves the chances of survival of endangered predators, like lynx, by controlling only the availability of prey. To simulate the prey-predator relationship we used a Lotka-Volterra model to analyze the effects of varying prey availability on the size of the predator population. We calculate the number of prey necessary to support the predator population using a high-order sliding mode control (HOSMC) that maintains the predator population at the desired level. In the wild, nature introduces significant and complex uncertainties that affect species' survival. This complexity suggests that HOSMC is a good choice of controller because it is robust to variability and does not require prior knowledge of system parameters. These parameters can also be time varying. The output measurement required by the HOSMC is the number of predators. It can be obtained using continuous monitoring of environmental DNA that measures the number of lynxes and prey in a specific geographic area. The controller efficiency in the presence of these parametric uncertainties was demonstrated with a numerical simulation, where random perturbations were forced in all four model parameters at each simulation step, and the controller provides the specific prey input that will maintain the predator population. The simulation demonstrates how HOSMC can increase and maintain an endangered population (lynx) in just 21-26 months by regulating the food supply (hares), with an acceptable maximal steady-state error of 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica A Escobar
- Automatic Control, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Gallardo-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Cristina Revilla-Monsalve
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Debbie Hernandez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Ron Leder
- Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Dziedzic E, Sidlauskas B, Cronn R, Anthony J, Cornwell T, Friesen TA, Konstantinidis P, Penaluna BE, Stein S, Levi T. Creating, curating and evaluating a mitogenomic reference database to improve regional species identification using environmental DNA. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1880-1904. [PMID: 37602732 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Species detection using eDNA is revolutionizing global capacity to monitor biodiversity. However, the lack of regional, vouchered, genomic sequence information-especially sequence information that includes intraspecific variation-creates a bottleneck for management agencies wanting to harness the complete power of eDNA to monitor taxa and implement eDNA analyses. eDNA studies depend upon regional databases of mitogenomic sequence information to evaluate the effectiveness of such data to detect and identify taxa. We created the Oregon Biodiversity Genome Project to create a database of complete, nearly error-free mitogenomic sequences for all of Oregon's fishes. We have successfully assembled the complete mitogenomes of 313 specimens of freshwater, anadromous and estuarine fishes representing 24 families, 55 genera and 129 species and lineages. Comparative analyses of these sequences illustrate that many regions of the mitogenome are taxonomically informative, that the short (~150 bp) mitochondrial 'barcode' regions typically used for eDNA assays do not consistently diagnose for species and that complete single or multiple genes of the mitogenome are preferable for identifying Oregon's fishes. This project provides a blueprint for other researchers to follow as they build regional databases, illustrates the taxonomic value and limits of complete mitogenomic sequences and offers clues as to how current eDNA assays and environmental genomics methods of the future can best leverage this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dziedzic
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian Sidlauskas
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Richard Cronn
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - James Anthony
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Trevan Cornwell
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas A Friesen
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter Konstantinidis
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Brooke E Penaluna
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Staci Stein
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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27
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Saranholi BH, Rodriguez-Castro KG, Carvalho CS, Chahad-Ehlers S, Gestich CC, Andrade SCS, Freitas PD, Galetti PM. Comparing iDNA from mosquitoes and flies to survey mammals in a semi-controlled Neotropical area. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1790-1799. [PMID: 37535317 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Ingested-derived DNA (iDNA) from insects represents a powerful tool for assessing vertebrate diversity because insects are easy to sample, have a diverse diet and are widely distributed. Because of these advantages, the use of iDNA for detecting mammals has gained increasing attention. Here we aimed to compare the effectiveness of mosquitoes and flies to detect mammals with a small sampling effort in a semi-controlled area, a zoo that houses native and non-native species. We compared mosquitoes and flies regarding the number of mammal species detected, the amount of mammal sequence reads recovered, and the flight distance range for detecting mammals. We also verified if the combination of two mini-barcodes (12SrRNA and 16SrRNA) would perform better than either mini-barcode alone to inform local mammal biodiversity from iDNA. To capture mosquitoes and flies, we distributed insect traps in eight sampling points during 5 days. We identified 43 Operational Taxonomic Units from 10 orders, from the iDNA of 17 mosquitoes and 46 flies. There was no difference in the number of species recovered per individual insect between mosquitoes and flies, but the number of flies captured was higher, resulting in more mammal species recovered by flies. Eight species were recorded exclusively by mosquitoes and 20 by flies, suggesting that using both samplers would allow a more comprehensive screening of the biodiversity. The maximum distance recorded was 337 m for flies and 289 m for mosquitoes, but the average range distance did not differ between insect groups. Our assay proved to be efficient for mammal detection, considering the high number of species detected with a reduced sampling effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H Saranholi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Karen G Rodriguez-Castro
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Facultad Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Carolina S Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Brazil
| | - Samira Chahad-Ehlers
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carla C Gestich
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia D Freitas
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Galetti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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28
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Burian A, Bruce K, Tovela E, Bakker J, Balcells L, Bennett R, Chordekar S, Costa HM, Crampton-Platt A, de Boer H, Ross-Gillespie V, de Sacramento A, Sidat N, Simbine L, Ready J, Tang C, Mauvisseau Q. Merging two eDNA metabarcoding approaches and citizen-science-based sampling to facilitate fish community monitoring along vast Sub-Saharan coastlines. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1641-1655. [PMID: 37464467 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The coastline of Sub-Saharan Africa hosts highly diverse fish communities of great conservation value, which are also key resources for local livelihoods. However, many costal ecosystems are threatened by overexploitation and their conservation state is frequently unknown due to their vast spatial extent and limited monitoring budgets. Here, we evaluated the potential of citizen science-based eDNA surveys to alleviate such chronic data deficiencies and assessed fish communities in Mozambique using two 12S metabarcoding primer sets. Samples were either collected by scientific personnel or trained community members and results from the two metabarcoding primers were combined using a new data merging approach. Irrespective of the background of sampling personnel, a high average fish species richness was recorded (38 ± 20 OTUs per sample). Individual sections of the coastline largely differed in the occurrence of threatened and commercially important species, highlighting the need for regionally differentiated management strategies. A detailed comparison of the two applied primer sets revealed an important trade-off in primer choice with MiFish primers amplifying a higher number of species but Riaz primers performing better in the detection of threatened fish species. This trade-off could be partly resolved by applying our new data-merging approach, which was especially designed to increase the robustness of multiprimer assessments in regions with poor reference libraries. Overall, our study provides encouraging results but also highlights that eDNA-based monitoring will require further improvements of, for example, reference databases and local analytical infrastructure to facilitate routine applications in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Burian
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Marine Ecology Department, Lurio University, Nampula, Mozambique
| | | | - Erica Tovela
- Natural History Museum, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo M Costa
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Hugo de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Luisa Simbine
- Instituto Oceanográfico de Moçambique, Ministério do Mar, Águas Interiores e Pescas, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jonathan Ready
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Grupo de Investigação Biológica Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Belem, Brazil
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29
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Lynggaard C, Calvignac-Spencer S, Chapman CA, Kalbitzer U, Leendertz FH, Omeja PA, Opito EA, Sarkar D, Bohmann K, Gogarten JF. Vertebrate environmental DNA from leaf swabs. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R853-R854. [PMID: 37607478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial vertebrates are threatened by anthropogenic activities around the world. The rapid biodiversity loss that ensues is most intense in the tropics and affects ecosystem functions, such as seed dispersal, or may facilitate pathogen transmission1. Monitoring vertebrate distributions is essential for understanding changes in biodiversity and ecosystems and also for adaptive management strategies. Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches have the potential to play a key role in such efforts. Here, we explore whether eDNA swabbed from terrestrial vegetation in a tropical biodiversity hotspot is a useful tool for vertebrate biomonitoring. By swabbing leaves, we collected eDNA from 24 swabs at three locations in Kibale National Park, Uganda and used two metabarcoding systems to catalog the vertebrate taxa in the samples. We detected 52 wild vertebrate genera, including 26 avian and 24 mammalian genera; 30 of these assignments could be refined to the species level. We detected an average of 7.6 genera per swab. This approach, with its inexpensive and simple collection and DNA extraction, opens the door for inexpensive large-scale vertebrate biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lynggaard
- Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark; Helmholtz Institute for One Health, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Organisms, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Viral Evolution, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, V9R 7B4 BC, Canada
| | - Urs Kalbitzer
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78467 Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick A Omeja
- Makerere University Biological Field Station, 00000 Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel A Opito
- Makerere University Biological Field Station, 00000 Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Dipto Sarkar
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6 ON, Canada
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan F Gogarten
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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30
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Harnpicharnchai P, Pumkaeo P, Siriarchawatana P, Likhitrattanapisal S, Mayteeworakoon S, Ingsrisawang L, Boonsin W, Eurwilaichitr L, Ingsriswang S. AirDNA sampler: An efficient and simple device enabling high-yield, high-quality airborne environment DNA for metagenomic applications. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287567. [PMID: 37384659 PMCID: PMC10309600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing temporal and spatial distributions of airborne particles of biological origins is vital for the assessment and monitoring of air quality, especially with regard to public health, environmental ecology, and atmospheric chemistry. However, the analysis is frequently impeded by the low levels of biomass in the air, especially with metagenomic DNA analysis to explore diversity and composition of living organisms and their components in the air. To obtain sufficient amounts of metagenomic DNA from bioaerosols, researchers usually need a long sampling time with an expensive high-volume air sampler. This work shows the utilization of an air sampling device containing an economical, high-volume portable ventilation fan in combination with customized multi-sheet filter holders to effectively obtain high yields of genomic DNA in a relatively short time. The device, named 'AirDNA' sampler, performed better than other commercial air samplers, including MD8 Airport and Coriolis compact air samplers. Using the AirDNA sampler, an average DNA yield of 40.49 ng (12.47-23.24 ng at 95% CI) was obtained in only 1 hour of air sampling with a 0.85 probability of obtaining ≥10 ng of genomic DNA. The genomic DNA obtained by the AirDNA system is of suitable quantity and quality to be further used for amplicon metabarcoding sequencing of 16S, 18S, and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) regions, indicating that it can be used to detect various prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our results showed the effectiveness of our AirDNA sampling apparatus with a simple setup and affordable devices to obtain metagenomic DNA for short-term or long-term spatiotemporal analysis. The technique is well suited for monitoring air in built environments, especially monitoring bioaerosols for health purposes and for fine-scale spatiotemporal environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanun Harnpicharnchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Panyapon Pumkaeo
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Paopit Siriarchawatana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Somsak Likhitrattanapisal
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sermsiri Mayteeworakoon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Lily Ingsrisawang
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawongsin Boonsin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- National Energy Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Ingsriswang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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31
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Littlefair JE, Allerton JJ, Brown AS, Butterfield DM, Robins C, Economou CK, Garrett NR, Clare EL. Air-quality networks collect environmental DNA with the potential to measure biodiversity at continental scales. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R426-R428. [PMID: 37279659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest planetary challenges is the accelerating loss of biodiversity threatening ecosystem functioning on a global scale. The WWF Living Planet Report (https://livingplanet.panda.org/) estimates a 69% decline in populations since 1970. The Convention on Biological Diversity and related international treaties ask countries to monitor shifts in community composition and assess rates of species decline to quantify extant biodiversity relative to global targets1. However, quantifying biodiversity is a challenge, and monitoring continual change is impossible at almost any scale due to a lack of standardized data and indicators2,3. A common problem is that the required infrastructure for such global monitoring does not exist. Here, we challenge this notion by analysing environmental DNA (eDNA) captured along with particulate matter by routine ambient air quality monitoring stations in the UK. In our samples, we identified eDNA from >180 vertebrate, arthropod, plant and fungal taxa representative of local biodiversity. We contend that air monitoring networks are in fact gathering eDNA data reflecting local biodiversity on a continental scale, as a result of their routine function. In some regions, air quality samples are stored for decades, presenting the potential for high resolution biodiversity time series. With minimal modification of current protocols, this material provides the best opportunity to date for detailed monitoring of terrestrial biodiversity using an existing, replicated transnational design and it is already in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Littlefair
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | | | | | - Chris Robins
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Chloe K Economou
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nina R Garrett
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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32
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Whitmore L, McCauley M, Farrell JA, Stammnitz MR, Koda SA, Mashkour N, Summers V, Osborne T, Whilde J, Duffy DJ. Inadvertent human genomic bycatch and intentional capture raise beneficial applications and ethical concerns with environmental DNA. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:873-888. [PMID: 37188965 PMCID: PMC10250199 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The field of environmental DNA (eDNA) is advancing rapidly, yet human eDNA applications remain underutilized and underconsidered. Broader adoption of eDNA analysis will produce many well-recognized benefits for pathogen surveillance, biodiversity monitoring, endangered and invasive species detection, and population genetics. Here we show that deep-sequencing-based eDNA approaches capture genomic information from humans (Homo sapiens) just as readily as that from the intended target species. We term this phenomenon human genetic bycatch (HGB). Additionally, high-quality human eDNA could be intentionally recovered from environmental substrates (water, sand and air), holding promise for beneficial medical, forensic and environmental applications. However, this also raises ethical dilemmas, from consent, privacy and surveillance to data ownership, requiring further consideration and potentially novel regulation. We present evidence that human eDNA is readily detectable from 'wildlife' environmental samples as human genetic bycatch, demonstrate that identifiable human DNA can be intentionally recovered from human-focused environmental sampling and discuss the translational and ethical implications of such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Whitmore
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark McCauley
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica A Farrell
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maximilian R Stammnitz
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samantha A Koda
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Narges Mashkour
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Summers
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Todd Osborne
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Jenny Whilde
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - David J Duffy
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA.
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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33
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Métris KL, Métris J. Aircraft surveys for air eDNA: probing biodiversity in the sky. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15171. [PMID: 37077310 PMCID: PMC10108859 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Air is a medium for dispersal of environmental DNA (eDNA) carried in bioaerosols, yet the atmosphere is mostly unexplored as a source of genetic material encompassing all domains of life. In this study, we designed and deployed a robust, sterilizable hardware system for airborne nucleic acid capture featuring active filtration of a quantifiable, controllable volume of air and a high-integrity chamber to protect the sample from loss or contamination. We used our hardware system on an aircraft across multiple height transects over major aerosolization sources to collect air eDNA, coupled with high-throughput amplicon sequencing using multiple DNA metabarcoding markers targeting bacteria, plants, and vertebrates to test the hypothesis of large-scale genetic presence of these bioaerosols throughout the planetary boundary layer in the lower troposphere. Here, we demonstrate that the multi-taxa DNA assemblages inventoried up to 2,500 m using our airplane-mounted hardware system are reflective of major aerosolization sources in the survey area and show previously unreported airborne species detections (i.e., Allium sativum L). We also pioneer an aerial survey flight grid standardized for atmospheric sampling of genetic material and aeroallergens using a light aircraft and limited resources. Our results show that air eDNA from terrestrial bacteria, plants, and vertebrates is detectable up to high altitude using our airborne air sampler and demonstrate the usefulness of light aircraft in monitoring campaigns. However, our work also underscores the need for improved marker choices and reference databases for species in the air column, particularly eukaryotes. Taken together, our findings reveal strong connectivity or mixing of terrestrial-associated eDNA from ground level aerosolization sources and the atmosphere, and we recommend that parameters and indices considering lifting action, atmospheric instability, and potential for convection be incorporated in future surveys for air eDNA. Overall, this work establishes a foundation for light aircraft campaigns to comprehensively and economically inventory bioaerosol emissions and impacts at scale, enabling transformative future opportunities in airborne DNA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Métris
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Airborne Science LLC, Clemson, SC, United States
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Tessler M, Cunningham SW, Ingala MR, Warring SD, Brugler MR. An Environmental DNA Primer for Microbial and Restoration Ecology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:796-808. [PMID: 36735064 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) sequencing-DNA collected from the environment from living cells or shed DNA-was first developed for working with microbes and has greatly benefitted microbial ecologists for decades since. These tools have only become increasingly powerful with the advent of metabarcoding and metagenomics. Most new studies that examine diverse assemblages of bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses lean heavily into eDNA using these newer technologies, as the necessary sequencing technology and bioinformatic tools have become increasingly affordable and user friendly. However, eDNA methods are rapidly evolving, and sometimes it can feel overwhelming to simply keep up with the basics. In this review, we provide a starting point for microbial ecologists who are new to DNA-based methods by detailing the eDNA methods that are most pertinent, including study design, sample collection and storage, selecting the right sequencing technology, lab protocols, equipment, and a few bioinformatic tools. Furthermore, we focus on how eDNA work can benefit restoration and what modifications are needed when working in this subfield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tessler
- Department of Biology, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Seth W Cunningham
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Melissa R Ingala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | | | - Mercer R Brugler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 801 Carteret Street, Beaufort, SC, 29902, USA
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35
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De León LF, Silva B, Avilés-Rodríguez KJ, Buitrago-Rosas D. Harnessing the omics revolution to address the global biodiversity crisis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 80:102901. [PMID: 36773576 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Human disturbances are altering global biodiversity in unprecedented ways. We identify three fundamental challenges underpinning our understanding of global biodiversity (namely discovery, loss, and preservation), and discuss how the omics revolution (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and meta-omics) can help address these challenges. We also discuss how omics tools can illuminate the major drivers of biodiversity loss, including invasive species, pollution, urbanization, overexploitation, and climate change, with a special focus on highly diverse tropical environments. Although omics tools are transforming the traditional toolkit of biodiversity research, their application to addressing the current biodiversity crisis remains limited and may not suffice to offset current rates of biodiversity loss. Despite technical and logistical challenges, omics tools need to be fully integrated into global biodiversity research, and better strategies are needed to improve their translation into biodiversity policy and practice. It is also important to recognize that although the omics revolution can be considered the biologist's dream, socioeconomic disparity limits their application in biodiversity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
| | - Bruna Silva
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kevin J Avilés-Rodríguez
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA; Department of Biology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
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36
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Rana AK, Kumar N. Current wildlife crime (Indian scenario): major challenges and prevention approaches. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2023; 32:1473-1491. [PMID: 37063172 PMCID: PMC10025790 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-023-02577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The constant depletion of wild flora and fauna in India due to uncontrolled human activities, natural habitat destruction and covert poaching activities is threatening the ecological balance. The poaching and trafficking of wild species in the lure of money as well as fashion has wiped out a range of wildlife species that call for critical attention to tackle this menace. There are many transit routes through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam, which are major hubs for wildlife trafficking in India, in both domestic and international markets. The poaching of wild animals and plants slowly erases biodiversity, which in turn affects the survival of humans and other living species. Therefore, there is an urgent need to check ongoing wildlife crimes, raise the number of endangered species, rehabilitate exotic/extinct species and restore natural ecosystems. In this article, we collected wildlife crime data from web portals of various stakeholders, government agencies and authentic news sources, and discuss the current crime trends, challenges, and prevention approaches required to control and restore wildlife biodiversity in India. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02577-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Rana
- Division of Biology, Central Forensic Science Laboratory Hyderabad, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Amberpet post, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500013 India
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Quality Control, Bihar, Patna, Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar, Patna, 800001 India
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Thomassen EE, Sigsgaard EE, Jensen MR, Olsen K, Hansen MDD, Svenning JC, Thomsen PF. Contrasting seasonal patterns in diet and dung-associated invertebrates of feral cattle and horses in a rewilding area. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2071-2091. [PMID: 36744391 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trophic rewilding is increasingly applied in restoration efforts, with the aim of reintroducing the ecological functions provided by large-bodied mammals and thereby promote self-regulating, biodiverse ecosystems. However, empirical evidence for the effects of megafauna introductions on the abundance and richness of other organisms such as plants and invertebrates, and the mechanisms involved still need strengthening. In this study, we use environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of dung from co-existing feral cattle and horses to assess the seasonal variation in plant diet and dung-associated arthropods and nematodes. We found consistently high diet richness of horses, with low seasonal variability, while the generally lower dietary diversity of cattle increased substantially during summer. Intriguingly, season-specific diets differed, with a greater proportion of trees in the horses' diet during winter, where cattle relied more on shrubs. Graminoids were predominantly found in the diet of horses, but were generally underrepresented compared to previous studies, possibly due to the high prevalence of forbs in the study area. Dung-associated arthropod richness was higher for cattle, largely due to a high richness of flies during summer. Several species of dung-associated arthropods were found primarily in dung from one of the two herbivores, and our data confirmed known patterns of seasonal activity. Nematode richness was constantly higher for horses, and nematode communities were markedly different between the two species. Our results demonstrate complementary effects of cattle and horses through diet differences and dung-associated invertebrate communities, enhancing our understanding of large herbivore effects on vegetation and associated biodiversity. These results are directly applicable for decision-making in rewilding projects, suggesting biodiversity-benefits by inclusion of functionally different herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kent Olsen
- Department of Research and Collections, Natural History Museum Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten D D Hansen
- Department of Research and Collections, Natural History Museum Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Shelton AO, Gold ZJ, Jensen AJ, D Agnese E, Andruszkiewicz Allan E, Van Cise A, Gallego R, Ramón-Laca A, Garber-Yonts M, Parsons K, Kelly RP. Toward quantitative metabarcoding. Ecology 2023; 104:e3906. [PMID: 36320096 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amplicon-sequence data from environmental DNA (eDNA) and microbiome studies provide important information for ecology, conservation, management, and health. At present, amplicon-sequencing studies-known also as metabarcoding studies, in which the primary data consist of targeted, amplified fragments of DNA sequenced from many taxa in a mixture-struggle to link genetic observations to the underlying biology in a quantitative way, but many applications require quantitative information about the taxa or systems under scrutiny. As metabarcoding studies proliferate in ecology, it becomes more important to develop ways to make them quantitative to ensure that their conclusions are adequately supported. Here we link previously disparate sets of techniques for making such data quantitative, showing that the underlying polymerase chain reaction mechanism explains the observed patterns of amplicon data in a general way. By modeling the process through which amplicon-sequence data arise, rather than transforming the data post hoc, we show how to estimate the starting DNA proportions from a mixture of many taxa. We illustrate how to calibrate the model using mock communities and apply the approach to simulated data and a series of empirical examples. Our approach opens the door to improve the use of metabarcoding data in a wide range of applications in ecology, public health, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Olaf Shelton
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary J Gold
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA.,CICOES, University of Washington and Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander J Jensen
- CICOES, University of Washington and Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin D Agnese
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Amy Van Cise
- North Gulf Oceanic Society, Visiting Scientist at Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ramón Gallego
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Unidad de Genetica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramón-Laca
- CICOES, University of Washington and Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maya Garber-Yonts
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kim Parsons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan P Kelly
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Bohmann K, Lynggaard C. Transforming terrestrial biodiversity surveys using airborne eDNA. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:119-121. [PMID: 36513529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies show that land-living animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria leave DNA traces in the air. These results imply that sequencing of bioaerosols might be a powerful tool for simultaneous surveys of terrestrial biodiversity across lifeforms, but in parallel, it highlights the need to carefully control for possible contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Bohmann
- Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christina Lynggaard
- Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Aucone E, Kirchgeorg S, Valentini A, Pellissier L, Deiner K, Mintchev S. Drone-assisted collection of environmental DNA from tree branches for biodiversity monitoring. Sci Robot 2023; 8:eadd5762. [PMID: 36652506 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.add5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The protection and restoration of the biosphere is crucial for human resilience and well-being, but the scarcity of data on the status and distribution of biodiversity puts these efforts at risk. DNA released into the environment by organisms, i.e., environmental DNA (eDNA), can be used to monitor biodiversity in a scalable manner if equipped with the appropriate tool. However, the collection of eDNA in terrestrial environments remains a challenge because of the many potential surfaces and sources that need to be surveyed and their limited accessibility. Here, we propose to survey biodiversity by sampling eDNA on the outer branches of tree canopies with an aerial robot. The drone combines a force-sensing cage with a haptic-based control strategy to establish and maintain contact with the upper surface of the branches. Surface eDNA is then collected using an adhesive surface integrated in the cage of the drone. We show that the drone can autonomously land on a variety of branches with stiffnesses between 1 and 103 newton/meter without prior knowledge of their structural stiffness and with robustness to linear and angular misalignments. Validation in the natural environment demonstrates that our method is successful in detecting animal species, including arthropods and vertebrates. Combining robotics with eDNA sampling from a variety of unreachable aboveground substrates can offer a solution for broad-scale monitoring of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Aucone
- Environmental Robotics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Kirchgeorg
- Environmental Robotics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristy Deiner
- Environmental DNA Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Mintchev
- Environmental Robotics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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41
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Shea MM, Kuppermann J, Rogers MP, Smith DS, Edwards P, Boehm AB. Systematic review of marine environmental DNA metabarcoding studies: toward best practices for data usability and accessibility. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14993. [PMID: 36992947 PMCID: PMC10042160 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of environmental DNA (eDNA) research lacks universal guidelines for ensuring data produced are FAIR-findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable-despite growing awareness of the importance of such practices. In order to better understand these data usability challenges, we systematically reviewed 60 peer reviewed articles conducting a specific subset of eDNA research: metabarcoding studies in marine environments. For each article, we characterized approximately 90 features across several categories: general article attributes and topics, methodological choices, types of metadata included, and availability and storage of sequence data. Analyzing these characteristics, we identified several barriers to data accessibility, including a lack of common context and vocabulary across the articles, missing metadata, supplementary information limitations, and a concentration of both sample collection and analysis in the United States. While some of these barriers require significant effort to address, we also found many instances where small choices made by authors and journals could have an outsized influence on the discoverability and reusability of data. Promisingly, articles also showed consistency and creativity in data storage choices as well as a strong trend toward open access publishing. Our analysis underscores the need to think critically about data accessibility and usability as marine eDNA metabarcoding studies, and eDNA projects more broadly, continue to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Shea
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment & Resources (E-IPER), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jacob Kuppermann
- Earth Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Megan P. Rogers
- Program in Human Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Dustin Summer Smith
- Earth Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul Edwards
- Program in Science, Technology and Society, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexandria B. Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Garrett NR, Watkins J, Francis CM, Simmons NB, Ivanova N, Naaum A, Briscoe A, Drinkwater R, Clare EL. Out of thin air: surveying tropical bat roosts through air sampling of eDNA. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14772. [PMID: 37128209 PMCID: PMC10148639 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding roosting behaviour is essential to bat conservation and biomonitoring, often providing the most accurate methods of assessing bat population size and health. However, roosts can be challenging to survey, e.g., physically impossible to access or presenting risks for researchers. Disturbance during monitoring can also disrupt natural bat behaviour and present material risks to the population such as disrupting hibernation cycles. One solution to this is the use of non-invasive monitoring approaches. Environmental (e)DNA has proven especially effective at detecting rare and elusive species particularly in hard-to-reach locations. It has recently been demonstrated that eDNA from vertebrates is carried in air. When collected in semi-confined spaces, this airborne eDNA can provide remarkably accurate profiles of biodiversity, even in complex tropical communities. In this study, we deploy novel airborne eDNA collection for the first time in a natural setting and use this approach to survey difficult to access potential roosts in the neotropics. Using airborne eDNA, we confirmed the presence of bats in nine out of 12 roosts. The identified species matched previous records of roost use obtained from photographic and live capture methods, thus demonstrating the utility of this approach. We also detected the presence of the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi) which had never been confirmed in the area but was long suspected based on range maps. In addition to the bats, we detected several non-bat vertebrates, including the big-eared climbing rat (Ototylomys phyllotis), which has previously been observed in and around bat roosts in our study area. We also detected eDNA from other local species known to be in the vicinity. Using airborne eDNA to detect new roosts and monitor known populations, particularly when species turnover is rapid, could maximize efficiency for surveyors while minimizing disturbance to the animals. This study presents the first applied use of airborne eDNA collection for ecological analysis moving beyond proof of concept to demonstrate a clear utility for this technology in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina R. Garrett
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Watkins
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles M. Francis
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy B. Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Amanda Naaum
- Nature Metrics North America Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Briscoe
- Nature Metrics Ltd., Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Drinkwater
- Palaeogenomics group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximillian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Tsuji S, Inui R, Nakao R, Miyazono S, Saito M, Kono T, Akamatsu Y. Quantitative environmental DNA metabarcoding shows high potential as a novel approach to quantitatively assess fish community. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21524. [PMID: 36513686 PMCID: PMC9747787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous conservation of species richness and evenness is important to effectively reduce biodiversity loss and keep ecosystem health. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been used as a powerful tool for identifying community composition, but it does not necessarily provide quantitative information due to several methodological limitations. Thus, the quantification of eDNA through metabarcoding is an important frontier of eDNA-based biomonitoring. Particularly, the qMiSeq approach has recently been developed as a quantitative metabarcoding method and has attracted much attention due to its usefulness. The aim here was to evaluate the performance of the qMiSeq approach as a quantitative monitoring tool for fish communities by comparing the quantified eDNA concentrations with the results of fish capture surveys. The eDNA water sampling and the capture surveys using the electrical shocker were conducted at a total of 21 sites in four rivers in Japan. As a result, we found significant positive relationships between the eDNA concentrations of each species quantified by qMiSeq and both the abundance and biomass of each captured taxon at each site. Furthermore, for seven out of eleven taxa, a significant positive relationship was observed between quantified DNA concentrations by sample and the abundance and/or biomass. In total, our results demonstrated that eDNA metabarcoding with the qMiSeq approach is a suitable and useful tool for quantitative monitoring of fish communities. Due to the simplicity of the eDNA analysis, the eDNA metabarcoding with qMiSeq approach would promote further growth of quantitative monitoring of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Tsuji
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606–8502 Japan ,grid.268397.10000 0001 0660 7960Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755–8611 Japan
| | - Ryutei Inui
- grid.418051.90000 0000 8774 3245Faculty of Socio-Environmental Studies, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 811–0295 Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakao
- grid.268397.10000 0001 0660 7960Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755–8611 Japan
| | - Seiji Miyazono
- grid.268397.10000 0001 0660 7960Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755–8611 Japan
| | - Minoru Saito
- grid.268397.10000 0001 0660 7960Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755–8611 Japan ,grid.452611.50000 0001 2107 8171Fisheries Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1, Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8686 Japan
| | - Takanori Kono
- grid.268397.10000 0001 0660 7960Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755–8611 Japan ,grid.472015.50000 0000 9513 8387Aqua Restoration Research Center, Public Works Research Institute, National Research and Development Agency, Kawashima, Kasada-Machi, Kakamigahara, Gifu, 501–6021 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Akamatsu
- grid.268397.10000 0001 0660 7960Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755–8611 Japan
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Funk SM, Nkono J, Lushimba A, Fa JE, Williams D. Determining baselines and trends of Eastern chimpanzees and forest elephants in a Central African protected area after civil strife. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Besson M, Alison J, Bjerge K, Gorochowski TE, Høye TT, Jucker T, Mann HMR, Clements CF. Towards the fully automated monitoring of ecological communities. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2753-2775. [PMID: 36264848 PMCID: PMC9828790 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution monitoring is fundamental to understand ecosystems dynamics in an era of global change and biodiversity declines. While real-time and automated monitoring of abiotic components has been possible for some time, monitoring biotic components-for example, individual behaviours and traits, and species abundance and distribution-is far more challenging. Recent technological advancements offer potential solutions to achieve this through: (i) increasingly affordable high-throughput recording hardware, which can collect rich multidimensional data, and (ii) increasingly accessible artificial intelligence approaches, which can extract ecological knowledge from large datasets. However, automating the monitoring of facets of ecological communities via such technologies has primarily been achieved at low spatiotemporal resolutions within limited steps of the monitoring workflow. Here, we review existing technologies for data recording and processing that enable automated monitoring of ecological communities. We then present novel frameworks that combine such technologies, forming fully automated pipelines to detect, track, classify and count multiple species, and record behavioural and morphological traits, at resolutions which have previously been impossible to achieve. Based on these rapidly developing technologies, we illustrate a solution to one of the greatest challenges in ecology: the ability to rapidly generate high-resolution, multidimensional and standardised data across complex ecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Besson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK,Sorbonne Université CNRS UMR Biologie des Organismes Marins, BIOMBanyuls‐sur‐MerFrance
| | - Jamie Alison
- Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark,UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyBangorUK
| | - Kim Bjerge
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Thomas E. Gorochowski
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK,BrisEngBio, School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark,Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Hjalte M. R. Mann
- Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark,Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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46
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van der Heyde M, Bunce M, Nevill P. Key factors to consider in the use of environmental DNA metabarcoding to monitor terrestrial ecological restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157617. [PMID: 35901901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration of terrestrial environments is a globally important process to combat the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Holistic monitoring of restored biota and active management of restoration is necessary to improve restoration processes and outcomes, and provide evidence to stakeholders that targets are being achieved. Increasingly, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is used as a restoration monitoring tool because it is able to generate biodiversity data rapidly, accurately, non-destructively, and reliably, on a wide breadth of organisms from soil microbes to mammals. The overall objective of this review is to discuss the key factors to consider in the use of environmental DNA for monitoring of restored terrestrial ecosystems, hopefully improving monitoring, and ultimately, restoration outcomes. We identified that the majority of eDNA based studies of ecosystem restoration are currently conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia, and that almost half of total studies were published in 2021-22. Soil was the most popular sample substrate, soil microbial communities the most targeted taxa, and forests the most studied ecosystem. We suggest there is no 'one size fits all' approach to restoration monitoring using eDNA, and discuss survey design. Factors to consider include substrate selection, sample collection and storage, assay selection, and data interpretation, all of which require careful planning to obtain reliable, and accurate information that can be used for restoration monitoring and decision making. We explore future directions for research and argue that eDNA metabarcoding can be a useful tool in the restoration monitoring 'toolkit', but requires informed application and greater accessibility to data by a wide spectrum of stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke van der Heyde
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPP Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Kenepuru, Porirua 5022, New Zealand
| | - Paul Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPP Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Gold Z, Wall AR, Schweizer TM, Pentcheff ND, Curd EE, Barber PH, Meyer RS, Wayne R, Stolzenbach K, Prickett K, Luedy J, Wetzer R. A manager's guide to using eDNA metabarcoding in marine ecosystems. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14071. [PMID: 36405018 PMCID: PMC9673773 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a powerful tool that can enhance marine ecosystem/biodiversity monitoring programs. Here we outline five important steps managers and researchers should consider when developing eDNA monitoring program: (1) select genes and primers to target taxa; (2) assemble or develop comprehensive barcode reference databases; (3) apply rigorous site occupancy based decontamination pipelines; (4) conduct pilot studies to define spatial and temporal variance of eDNA; and (5) archive samples, extracts, and raw sequence data. We demonstrate the importance of each of these considerations using a case study of eDNA metabarcoding in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. eDNA metabarcoding approaches detected 94.1% (16/17) of species observed in paired trawl surveys while identifying an additional 55 native fishes, providing more comprehensive biodiversity inventories. Rigorous benchmarking of eDNA metabarcoding results improved ecological interpretation and confidence in species detections while providing archived genetic resources for future analyses. Well designed and validated eDNA metabarcoding approaches are ideally suited for biomonitoring applications that rely on the detection of species, including mapping invasive species fronts and endangered species habitats as well as tracking range shifts in response to climate change. Incorporating these considerations will enhance the utility and efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding for routine biomonitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Adam R. Wall
- Diversity Initiative for the Southern California Ocean (DISCO), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Teia M. Schweizer
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - N. Dean Pentcheff
- Diversity Initiative for the Southern California Ocean (DISCO), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Emily E. Curd
- Department of Natural Sciences, Landmark College, Putney, VT, United States of America
| | - Paul H. Barber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Rachel S. Meyer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Stolzenbach
- Wood Environment and Infrastructure, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Kat Prickett
- Port of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Justin Luedy
- Port of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States of America
| | - Regina Wetzer
- Diversity Initiative for the Southern California Ocean (DISCO), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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48
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Cai W, Harper LR, Neave EF, Shum P, Craggs J, Arias MB, Riesgo A, Mariani S. Environmental DNA persistence and fish detection in captive sponges. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2956-2966. [PMID: 35751617 PMCID: PMC9796769 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Large and hyperdiverse marine ecosystems pose significant challenges to biodiversity monitoring. While environmental DNA (eDNA) promises to meet many of these challenges, recent studies suggested that sponges, as "natural samplers" of eDNA, could further streamline the workflow for detecting marine vertebrates. However, beyond pilot studies demonstrating the ability of sponges to capture eDNA, little is known about the dynamics of eDNA particles in sponge tissue, and the effectiveness of the latter compared to water samples. Here, we present the results of a controlled aquarium experiment to examine the persistence and detectability of eDNA captured by three encrusting sponge species and compare the sponge's eDNA capturing ability with established water filtration techniques. Our results indicate that sponges and water samples have highly similar detectability for fish of different sizes and abundances, but different sponge species exhibit considerable variance in performance. Interestingly, one sponge appeared to mirror the eDNA degradation profile of water samples, while another sponge retained eDNA throughout the experiment. A third sponge yielded virtually no DNA sequences at all. Overall, our study suggests that some sponges will be suitable as natural samplers, while others will introduce significant problems for laboratory processing. We suggest that an initial optimization phase will be required in any future studies aiming to employ sponges for biodiversity assessment. With time, factoring in technical and natural accessibility, it is expected that specific sponge taxa may become the "chosen" natural samplers in certain habitats and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Cai
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Lynsey R. Harper
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK,NatureMetrics LtdGuildfordUK
| | - Erika F. Neave
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK,Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - Peter Shum
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | | | - María Belén Arias
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK,School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
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49
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Keusch GT, Amuasi JH, Anderson DE, Daszak P, Eckerle I, Field H, Koopmans M, Lam SK, Das Neves CG, Peiris M, Perlman S, Wacharapluesadee S, Yadana S, Saif L. Pandemic origins and a One Health approach to preparedness and prevention: Solutions based on SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202871119. [PMID: 36215506 PMCID: PMC9586299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202871119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is the latest zoonotic RNA virus epidemic of concern. Learning how it began and spread will help to determine how to reduce the risk of future events. We review major RNA virus outbreaks since 1967 to identify common features and opportunities to prevent emergence, including ancestral viral origins in birds, bats, and other mammals; animal reservoirs and intermediate hosts; and pathways for zoonotic spillover and community spread, leading to local, regional, or international outbreaks. The increasing scientific evidence concerning the origins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is most consistent with a zoonotic origin and a spillover pathway from wildlife to people via wildlife farming and the wildlife trade. We apply what we know about these outbreaks to identify relevant, feasible, and implementable interventions. We identify three primary targets for pandemic prevention and preparedness: first, smart surveillance coupled with epidemiological risk assessment across wildlife-livestock-human (One Health) spillover interfaces; second, research to enhance pandemic preparedness and expedite development of vaccines and therapeutics; and third, strategies to reduce underlying drivers of spillover risk and spread and reduce the influence of misinformation. For all three, continued efforts to improve and integrate biosafety and biosecurity with the implementation of a One Health approach are essential. We discuss new models to address the challenges of creating an inclusive and effective governance structure, with the necessary stable funding for cross-disciplinary collaborative research. Finally, we offer recommendations for feasible actions to close the knowledge gaps across the One Health continuum and improve preparedness and response in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Keusch
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - John H. Amuasi
- School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), PMB UPO, Kumasi 00000 Ghana
- Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danielle E. Anderson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000 Australia
| | | | - Isabella Eckerle
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hume Field
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10018
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience and Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Centre, Erasmus Medical Center, CA 3000 Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sai Kit Lam
- University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Carlos G. Das Neves
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Su Yadana
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10018
| | - Linda Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health (CFAH), Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Animal Sciences Department, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
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50
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Cruz MM, Hoffmann LS, de Freitas TRO. Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago barcoded: Fish diversity in the remoteness and DNA barcodes reference library for metabarcoding monitoring. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210349. [PMID: 36205729 PMCID: PMC9540803 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to monitor the effects of anthropogenic pressures in ecosystems,
molecular techniques can be used to characterize species composition. Among
molecular markers capable of identifying species, the cytochrome c oxidase I
(COI) is the most used. However, new possibilities of
biodiversity profiling have become possible, in which molecular fragments of
medium and short-length can now be analyzed in metabarcoding studies. Here, a
survey of fishes from the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago was barcoded
using the COI marker, which allowed the identification of 21
species. This paved the way to further investigate the fish biodiversity of the
archipelago, transitioning from barcoding to metabarcoding analysis. As
preparatory steps for future metabarcoding studies, the first extensive
COI library of fishes listed for these islands was
constructed and includes new data generated in this survey as well as previously
available data, resulting in a final database with 9,183 sequences from 169
species and 63 families of fish. A new primer specifically designed for those
fishes was tested in silico to amplify a region of 262 bp. The
new approach should guarantee a reliable surveillance of the archipelago and can
be used to generate policies that will enhance the archipelago’s protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Merten Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lilian Sander Hoffmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thales R. O. de Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
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