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Jakhotia S, Kavvuri R, Raviraj S, Baishya S, Pasupulati AK, Reddy GB. Obesity-related glomerulopathy is associated with elevated WT1 expression in podocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01509-3. [PMID: 38504059 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. In addition to the increased incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, obesity is the most potent risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although systemic events such as hemodynamic factors, metabolic effects, and lipotoxicity were implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) and kidney dysfunction, the precise mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and CKD remain unexplored. METHODS In this study, we employed spontaneous WNIN/Ob rats to investigate the molecular events that promote ORG. Further, we fed a high-fat diet to mice and analyzed the incidence of ORG. Kidney functional parameters, micro-anatomical manifestations, and podocyte morphology were investigated in both experimental animal models. Gene expression analysis in the rodents was compared with human subjects by data mining using Nephroseq and Kidney Precision Medicine Project database. RESULTS WNIN/Ob rats were presented with proteinuria and several glomerular deformities, such as adaptive glomerulosclerosis, decreased expression of podocyte-specific markers, and effacement of podocyte foot process. Similarly, high-fat-fed mice also showed glomerular injury and proteinuria. Both experimental animal models showed increased expression of podocyte-specific transcription factor WT1. The altered expression of putative targets of WT1 such as E-cadherin, podocin (reduced), and α-SMA (increased) suggests elevated expression of WT1 in podocytes elicits mesenchymal phenotype. Curated data from CKD patients revealed increased expression of WT1 in the podocytes and its precursors, parietal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION WT1 is crucial during nephron development and has minimal expression in adult podocytes. Our study discovered elevated expression of WT1 in podocytes in obesity settings. Our analysis suggests a novel function for WT1 in the pathogenesis of ORG; however, the precise mechanism of WT1 induction and its involvement in podocyte pathobiology needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Jakhotia
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India
| | - Rajesh Kavvuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, TS, India
| | - Sumathi Raviraj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, TS, India
| | - Somorita Baishya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, TS, India
| | | | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India.
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Perotti D, Williams RD, Wegert J, Brzezinski J, Maschietto M, Ciceri S, Gisselsson D, Gadd S, Walz AL, Furtwaengler R, Drost J, Al-Saadi R, Evageliou N, Gooskens SL, Hong AL, Murphy AJ, Ortiz MV, O'Sullivan MJ, Mullen EA, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Fernandez CV, Graf N, Grundy PE, Geller JI, Dome JS, Perlman EJ, Gessler M, Huff V, Pritchard-Jones K. Hallmark discoveries in the biology of Wilms tumour. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:158-180. [PMID: 37848532 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The modern study of Wilms tumour was prompted nearly 50 years ago, when Alfred Knudson proposed the 'two-hit' model of tumour development. Since then, the efforts of researchers worldwide have substantially expanded our knowledge of Wilms tumour biology, including major advances in genetics - from cloning the first Wilms tumour gene to high-throughput studies that have revealed the genetic landscape of this tumour. These discoveries improve understanding of the embryonal origin of Wilms tumour, familial occurrences and associated syndromic conditions. Many efforts have been made to find and clinically apply prognostic biomarkers to Wilms tumour, for which outcomes are generally favourable, but treatment of some affected individuals remains challenging. Challenges are also posed by the intratumoural heterogeneity of biomarkers. Furthermore, preclinical models of Wilms tumour, from cell lines to organoid cultures, have evolved. Despite these many achievements, much still remains to be discovered: further molecular understanding of relapse in Wilms tumour and of the multiple origins of bilateral Wilms tumour are two examples of areas under active investigation. International collaboration, especially when large tumour series are required to obtain robust data, will help to answer some of the remaining unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Perotti
- Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Richard D Williams
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Wegert
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jack Brzezinski
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Research Center, Boldrini Children's Hospital, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Ciceri
- Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - David Gisselsson
- Cancer Cell Evolution Unit, Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Office of Medical Services, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Samantha Gadd
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy L Walz
- Division of Hematology,Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rhoikos Furtwaengler
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reem Al-Saadi
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Evageliou
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CHOP Specialty Care Center, Vorhees, NJ, USA
| | - Saskia L Gooskens
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Paediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maureen J O'Sullivan
- Histology Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Division of Paediatric Hematology Oncology, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paul E Grundy
- Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James I Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital and the Department of Paediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Torban E, Goodyer P. Wilms' tumor gene 1: lessons from the interface between kidney development and cancer. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F3-F19. [PMID: 37916284 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00248.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1990, mutations of the Wilms' tumor-1 gene (WT1), encoding a transcription factor in the embryonic kidney, were found in 10-15% of Wilms' tumors; germline WT1 mutations were associated with hereditary syndromes involving glomerular and reproductive tract dysplasia. For more than three decades, these discoveries prompted investigators to explore the embryonic role of WT1 and the mechanisms by which loss of WT1 leads to malignant transformation. Here, we discuss how alternative splicing of WT1 generates isoforms that act in a context-specific manner to activate or repress target gene transcription. WT1 also regulates posttranscriptional regulation, alters the epigenetic landscape, and activates miRNA expression. WT1 functions at multiple stages of kidney development, including the transition from resting stem cells to committed nephron progenitor, which it primes to respond to WNT9b signals from the ureteric bud. WT1 then drives nephrogenesis by activating WNT4 expression and directing the development of glomerular podocytes. We review the WT1 mutations that account for Denys-Drash syndrome, Frasier syndrome, and WAGR syndrome. Although the WT1 story began with Wilms' tumors, an understanding of the pathways that link aberrant kidney development to malignant transformation still has some important gaps. Loss of WT1 in nephrogenic rests may leave these premalignant clones with inadequate DNA repair enzymes and may disturb the epigenetic landscape. Yet none of these observations provide a complete picture of Wilms' tumor pathogenesis. It appears that the WT1 odyssey is unfinished and still holds a great deal of untilled ground to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Goodyer
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Liang X, Aranyi T, Zhou J, Guan Y, Hu H, Liu H, Susztak K. Tet2- and Tet3- Mediated Cytosine Hydroxymethylation in Six2 Progenitor Cells in Mice Is Critical for Nephron Progenitor Differentiation and Nephron Endowment. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:572-589. [PMID: 36522157 PMCID: PMC10103262 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Epigenetic changes have been proposed to mediate nephron endowment during development, a critical determinant of future renal disease development. Hydroxymethyl cytosine, an epigenetic modification important for gene regulation, is abundant in the human kidney, but its physiologic role and the role of DNA demethylase enzymes encoded by the Tet1 , Tet2 , or Tet3 , which mediate cytosine hydroxymethylation, are unclear. By genetically deleting Tet1 , Tet2 , or Tet3 in nephron progenitors in mice, the authors showed that combined Tet2 and Tet3 loss in nephron progenitors cause defective kidney development, leading to kidney failure and perinatal death. Tet2 and Tet3 deletion also caused an alteration in demethylation and expression of genes critical for nephron formation. These findings establish that Tet2- and Tet3 -mediated cytosine hydroxymethylation in nephron progenitors plays a critical role in nephron endowment. BACKGROUND Nephron endowment is a key determinant of hypertension and renal disease in later life. Epigenetic changes have been proposed to mediate fetal programming and nephron number. DNA cytosine methylation, which plays a critical role in gene regulation, is affected by proteins encoded by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) DNA demethylase gene family ( Tet1 , Tet2 , and Tet3 ), but the roles of TET proteins in kidney development and nephron endowment have not been characterized . METHODS To study whether epigenetic changes-specifically, active DNA hydroxymethylation mediated by Tet1 , Tet2 , and Tet3- are necessary for nephron progenitor differentiation and nephron endowment, we generated mice with deletion of Tet1 , Tet2 , or Tet3 in Six2-positive nephron progenitors cells (NPCs). We then performed unbiased omics profiling, including whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on isolated Six2-positive NPCs and single-cell RNA sequencing on kidneys from newborn mice. RESULTS We did not observe changes in kidney development or function in mice with NPC-specific deletion of Tet1 , Tet2 , Tet3 or Tet1 / Tet2 , or Tet1 / Tet3 . On the other hand, mice with combined Tet2 and Tet3 loss in Six2-positive NPCs failed to form nephrons, leading to kidney failure and perinatal death. Tet2 and Tet3 loss in Six2 -positive NPCs resulted in defective mesenchymal to epithelial transition and renal vesicle differentiation. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and gene and protein expression analysis identified a defect in expression in multiple genes, including the WNT- β -catenin signaling pathway, due to a failure in demethylation of these loci in the absence of Tet2 and Tet3 . CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Tet2- and Tet3 -mediated active cytosine hydroxymethylation in NPCs play a key role in kidney development and nephron endowment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Liang
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuting Guan
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hailong Hu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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5
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Moorhouse AJ, Loats AE, Medler KF, Roberts SG. The BASP1 transcriptional corepressor modifies chromatin through lipid-dependent and lipid-independent mechanisms. iScience 2022; 25:104796. [PMID: 35982799 PMCID: PMC9379585 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional corepressor BASP1 requires N-terminal myristoylation for its activity and functions through interactions with nuclear lipids. Here we determine the role of BASP1 lipidation in histone modification and the modulation of chromatin accessibility. We find that the removal of the active histone modifications H3K9ac and H3K4me3 by BASP1 requires the N-terminal myristoylation of BASP1. In contrast, the placement of the repressive histone modification, H3K27me3, by BASP1 does not require BASP1 lipidation. RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis finds that BASP1 regulates the activity of multiple transcription factors and induces extensive changes in chromatin accessibility. We find that ∼50% of BASP1 target genes show lipidation-dependent chromatin compaction and transcriptional repression. Our results suggest that BASP1 elicits both lipid-dependent and lipid-independent functions in histone modification and transcriptional repression. In accordance with this, we find that the tumor suppressor activity of BASP1 is also partially dependent on its myristoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy E. Loats
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kathryn F. Medler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Stefan G.E. Roberts
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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6
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Bezdicka M, Kaufman F, Krizova I, Dostalkova A, Rumlova M, Seeman T, Vondrak K, Fencl F, Zieg J, Soucek O. Alteration in DNA-binding affinity of Wilms tumor 1 protein due to WT1 genetic variants associated with steroid - resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8704. [PMID: 35610319 PMCID: PMC9130146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) carry pathogenic variants in one of the many associated genes. The WT1 gene coding for the WT1 transcription factor is among the most frequently affected genes. Cases from the Czech national SRNS database were sequenced for exons 8 and 9 of the WT1 gene. Eight distinct exonic WT1 variants in nine children were found. Three children presented with isolated SRNS, while the other six manifested with additional features. To analyze the impact of WT1 genetic variants, wild type and mutant WT1 proteins were prepared and the DNA-binding affinity of these proteins to the target EGR1 sequence was measured by microscale thermophoresis. Three WT1 mutants showed significantly decreased DNA-binding affinity (p.Arg439Pro, p.His450Arg and p.Arg463Ter), another three mutants showed significantly increased binding affinity (p.Gln447Pro, p.Asp469Asn and p.His474Arg), and the two remaining mutants (p.Cys433Tyr and p.Arg467Trp) showed no change of DNA-binding affinity. The protein products of WT1 pathogenic variants had variable DNA-binding affinity, and no clear correlation with the clinical symptoms of the patients. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of action of the distinct WT1 mutants; this could potentially lead to individualized treatment of a so far unfavourable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bezdicka
- Vera Vavrova Lab/VIAL, Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Kaufman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Krizova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Dostalkova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Rumlova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Seeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vondrak
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Fencl
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zieg
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soucek
- Vera Vavrova Lab/VIAL, Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
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Evaluating Established Roles, Future Perspectives and Methodological Heterogeneity for Wilms’ Tumor 1 (WT1) Antigen Detection in Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma, Using a Novel N-Terminus Targeted Antibody (Clone WT49). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040912. [PMID: 35453662 PMCID: PMC9026801 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is arguably the deadliest form of genitourinary malignancy and is nowadays viewed as a heterogeneous series of cancers, with the same origin but fundamentally different metabolisms and clinical behaviors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is increasingly necessary for RCC subtyping and definitive diagnosis. WT1 is a complex gene involved in carcinogenesis. To address reporting heterogeneity and WT1 IHC standardization, we used a recent N-terminus targeted monoclonal antibody (clone WT49) to evaluate WT1 protein expression in 56 adult RCC (aRCC) cases. This is the largest WT1 IHC investigation focusing exclusively on aRCCs and the first report on clone WT49 staining in aRCCs. We found seven (12.5%) positive cases, all clear cell RCCs, showing exclusively nuclear staining for WT1. We did not disregard cytoplasmic staining in any of the negative cases. Extratumoral fibroblasts, connecting tubules and intratumoral endothelial cells showed the same exclusively nuclear WT1 staining pattern. We reviewed WT1 expression patterns in aRCCs and the possible explanatory underlying metabolomics. For now, WT1 protein expression in aRCCs is insufficiently investigated, with significant discrepancies in the little data reported. Emerging WT1-targeted RCC immunotherapy will require adequate case selection and sustained efforts to standardize the quantification of tumor-associated antigens for aRCC and its many subtypes.
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Kirschner KM, Scholz H. WT1 in Adipose Tissue: From Development to Adult Physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:854120. [PMID: 35372335 PMCID: PMC8965737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.854120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the fascination of the Wilms tumor protein (WT1) emanates from its unique roles in development and disease. Ubiquitous Wt1 deletion in adult mice causes multiple organ failure including a reduction of body fat. WT1 is expressed in fat cell progenitors in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) but detected neither in energy storing subcutaneous WAT nor in heat producing brown adipose tissue (BAT). Our recent findings indicate that WT1 represses thermogenic genes and maintains the white adipose identity of visceral fat. Wt1 heterozygosity in mice is associated with molecular and morphological signs of browning including elevated levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in epididymal WAT. Compared to their wild-type littermates, Wt1 heterozygous mice exhibit significantly improved whole-body glucose tolerance and alleviated hepatic steatosis under high-fat diet. Partial protection of heterozygous Wt1 knockout mice against metabolic dysfunction is presumably related to browning of their epididymal WAT. In the light of recent advancements, this article reviews the role of WT1 in the development of visceral WAT and its supposed function as a regulator of white adipose identity.
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Bellefroid M, Rodari A, Galais M, Krijger PHL, Tjalsma SJD, Nestola L, Plant E, Vos ESM, Cristinelli S, Van Driessche B, Vanhulle C, Ait-Ammar A, Burny A, Ciuffi A, de Laat W, Van Lint C. Role of the cellular factor CTCF in the regulation of bovine leukemia virus latency and three-dimensional chromatin organization. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3190-3202. [PMID: 35234910 PMCID: PMC8989512 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-induced tumoral development is a multifactorial phenomenon that remains incompletely understood. Here, we highlight the critical role of the cellular CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) both in the regulation of BLV transcriptional activities and in the deregulation of the three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture surrounding the BLV integration site. We demonstrated the in vivo recruitment of CTCF to three conserved CTCF binding motifs along the provirus. Next, we showed that CTCF localized to regions of transitions in the histone modifications profile along the BLV genome and that it is implicated in the repression of the 5′Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) promoter activity, thereby contributing to viral latency, while favoring the 3′LTR promoter activity. Finally, we demonstrated that BLV integration deregulated the host cellular 3D chromatin organization through the formation of viral/host chromatin loops. Altogether, our results highlight CTCF as a new critical effector of BLV transcriptional regulation and BLV-induced physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bellefroid
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Anthony Rodari
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Galais
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Peter H L Krijger
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, CT, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd J D Tjalsma
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, CT, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Nestola
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Estelle Plant
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Erica S M Vos
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, CT, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Cristinelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Van Driessche
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vanhulle
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Amina Ait-Ammar
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Arsène Burny
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Angela Ciuffi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Wouter de Laat
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, CT, The Netherlands
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
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Su C, Huang R, Yu Z, Zheng J, Liu F, Liang H, Mo Z. Myelin and lymphocyte protein serves as a prognostic biomarker and is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment in the nephroblastoma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1427-1438. [PMID: 35023304 PMCID: PMC8894696 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms' tumor (WT), is the most common renal tumor that occurs in children. Although the efficacy of treatment has been significantly improved by a series of comprehensive treatments, some patients still have poor prognosis. Myelin and lymphocyte (MAL) protein, a highly hydrophobic integrated membrane‐bound protein, has been implicated in many tumors and is also closely linked to kidney development. However, the relationship between MAL and WT has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the feasibility of MAL as a promising prognosis factor for WT. The differential expression of MAL was investigated using TARGET database and was verified using the Gene Expression Omnibus database and real‐time quantitative PCR. The prognostic ability of MAL was determined using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to explore the relationship between MAL expression and methylation sites. The ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms showed that MAL expression was associated with the WT tumor microenvironment. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that multiple signaling pathways closely associated with tumorigenesis were differentially enriched between the high‐ and low‐MAL groups. In conclusion, our study comprehensively explored the potential of MAL as a prognosis factor for WT. Meanwhile, we also demonstrated that MAL, as a prognostic factor for WT, may be closely related to the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Su
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Zhenyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | | | | | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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11
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Schmidt V, Sieckmann T, Kirschner KM, Scholz H. WT1 regulates HOXB9 gene expression in a bidirectional way. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194764. [PMID: 34508900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The homeoboxB9 (HOXB9) gene is necessary for specification of the anterior-posterior body axis during embryonic development and expressed in various types of cancer. Here we show that the Wilms tumor transcription factor WT1 regulates the HOXB9 gene in a bidirectional manner. Silencing of WT1 activates HOXB9 in Wt1 expressing renal cell adenocarcinoma-derived 786-0 cells, mesonephric M15 cells and ex vivo cultured murine embryonic kidneys. In contrast, HOXB9 expression in U2OS osteosarcoma and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, which lack endogenous WT1, is enhanced by overexpression of WT1. Consistently, Hoxb9 promoter activity is stimulated by WT1 in transiently transfected U2OS and HEK293 cells, but inhibited in M15 cells with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Wt1 deletion. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrate binding of WT1 to the HOXB9 promoter in WT1-overexpressing U2OS cells and M15 cells. BASP1, a transcriptional co-repressor of WT1, is associated with the HOXB9 promoter in the chromatin of these cell lines. Co-transfection of U2OS and HEK293 cells with BASP1 plus WT1 prevents the stimulatory effect of WT1 on the HOXB9 promoter. Our findings identify HOXB9 as a novel downstream target gene of WT1. Depending on the endogenous expression of WT1, forced changes in WT1 can either stimulate or repress HOXB9, and the inhibitory effect of WT1 on transcription of HOXB9 involves BASP1. Consistent with inhibition of Hoxb9 expression by WT1, both transcripts are distributed in an almost non-overlapping pattern in embryonic mouse kidneys. Regulation of HOXB9 expression by WT1 might become relevant during kidney development and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Sieckmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin M Kirschner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Scholz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Tamura I, Fujimura T, Doi-Tanaka Y, Takagi H, Shirafuta Y, Kajimura T, Mihara Y, Maekawa R, Taketani T, Sato S, Tamura H, Sugino N. The essential glucose transporter GLUT1 is epigenetically upregulated by C/EBPβ and WT1 during decidualization of the endometrium. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101150. [PMID: 34478711 PMCID: PMC8458984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) differentiate into decidual cells by the action of progesterone, which is essential for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. We previously reported that glucose uptake by human ESCs increases during decidualization and that glucose is indispensable for decidualization. Although glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is upregulated during decidualization, it remains unclear whether it is involved in glucose uptake. Here, we attempted to determine the role of GLUT1 during decidualization as well as the factors underlying its upregulation. ESCs were incubated with cAMP to induce decidualization. Knockdown of GLUT1 suppressed cAMP-increased glucose uptake and the expressions of specific markers of decidualization, IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and prolactin (PRL). To investigate the regulation of GLUT1 expression, we focused on CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) as the upstream transcription factors regulating GLUT1 expression. Knockdown of either C/EBPβ or WT1 suppressed cAMP-increased GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake. cAMP treatment also increased the recruitment of C/EBPβ and WT1 to the GLUT1 promoter region. Interestingly, cAMP increased the H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and p300 recruitment in the GLUT1 promoter region. Knockdown of C/EBPβ or WT1 inhibited these events, indicating that both C/EBPβ and WT1 contribute to the increase of H3K27ac by recruiting p300 to the GLUT1 promoter region during decidualization. These findings indicate that GLUT1 is involved in glucose uptake in ESCs during decidualization, thus facilitating the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Taishi Fujimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yumiko Doi-Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Haruka Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shirafuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takuya Kajimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ryo Maekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taketani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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13
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Maciaszek JL, Oak N, Nichols KE. Recent advances in Wilms' tumor predisposition. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R138-R149. [PMID: 32412586 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT), the most common childhood kidney cancer, develops in association with an underlying germline predisposition in up to 15% of cases. Germline alterations affecting the WT1 gene and epigenetic alterations affecting the 11p15 locus are associated with a selective increase in WT risk. Nevertheless, WT also occurs in the context of more pleiotropic cancer predispositions, such as DICER1, Li-Fraumeni and Bloom syndrome, as well as Fanconi anemia. Recent germline genomic investigations have increased our understanding of the host genetic factors that influence WT risk, with sequencing of rare familial cases and large WT cohorts revealing an expanding array of predisposition genes and associated genetic conditions. Here, we describe evidence implicating WT1, the 11p15 locus, and the recently identified genes CTR9, REST and TRIM28 in WT predisposition. We discuss the clinical features, mode of inheritance and biological aspects of tumorigenesis, when known. Despite these described associations, many cases of familial WT remain unexplained. Continued investigations are needed to fully elucidate the landscape of germline genetic alterations in children with WT. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is imperative for WT families so that individuals harboring a predisposing germline variant can undergo surveillance, which should enable the early detection of tumors and use of less intensive treatments, thereby leading to improved overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Maciaszek
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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14
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Every Beat You Take-The Wilms' Tumor Suppressor WT1 and the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147675. [PMID: 34299295 PMCID: PMC8306835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly three decades ago, the Wilms’ tumor suppressor Wt1 was identified as a crucial regulator of heart development. Wt1 is a zinc finger transcription factor with multiple biological functions, implicated in the development of several organ systems, among them cardiovascular structures. This review summarizes the results from many research groups which allowed to establish a relevant function for Wt1 in cardiac development and disease. During development, Wt1 is involved in fundamental processes as the formation of the epicardium, epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, coronary vessel development, valve formation, organization of the cardiac autonomous nervous system, and formation of the cardiac ventricles. Wt1 is further implicated in cardiac disease and repair in adult life. We summarize here the current knowledge about expression and function of Wt1 in heart development and disease and point out controversies to further stimulate additional research in the areas of cardiac development and pathophysiology. As re-activation of developmental programs is considered as paradigm for regeneration in response to injury, understanding of these processes and the molecules involved therein is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies, which we discuss on the example of WT1.
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15
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Abstract
Cholesterol is present within the cell nucleus, where it associates with chromatin, but to date, a direct role for cholesterol in nuclear processes has not been identified. We demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor brain acid soluble protein 1 (BASP1) directly interacts with cholesterol within the cell nucleus through a consensus cholesterol interaction motif. BASP1 recruits cholesterol to the promoter region of target genes, where it is required to mediate chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression. Our work demonstrates that cholesterol plays a direct role in transcriptional regulation. Lipids are present within the cell nucleus, where they engage with factors involved in gene regulation. Cholesterol associates with chromatin in vivo and stimulates nucleosome packing in vitro, but its effects on specific transcriptional responses are not clear. Here, we show that the lipidated Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) transcriptional corepressor, brain acid soluble protein 1 (BASP1), interacts with cholesterol in the cell nucleus through a conserved cholesterol interaction motif. We demonstrate that BASP1 directly recruits cholesterol to the promoter region of WT1 target genes. Mutation of BASP1 to ablate its interaction with cholesterol or the treatment of cells with drugs that block cholesterol biosynthesis inhibits the transcriptional repressor function of BASP1. We find that the BASP1–cholesterol interaction is required for BASP1-dependent chromatin remodeling and the direction of transcription programs that control cell differentiation. Our study uncovers a mechanism for gene-specific targeting of cholesterol where it is required to mediate transcriptional repression.
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16
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Zhang S, Fan Q, Moktefi A, Ory V, Audard V, Pawlak A, Ollero M, Sahali D, Henique C. CMIP interacts with WT1 and targets it on the proteasome degradation pathway. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e460. [PMID: 34323419 PMCID: PMC8299046 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wilms tumor 1 suppressor gene, WT1, is expressed throughout life in podocytes and is essential for their function. Downregulation of WT1 has been reported in podocyte diseases but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Podocyte injury is the hallmark of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), the most frequent glomerular disease in children and young adults. An increase in the abundance of Cmaf-inducing protein (CMIP) has been found to alter podocyte function, but it is not known whether CMIP affects WT1 expression. METHODS Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of WT1in the presence of CMIP was studied using transient transfection, mouse models, and siRNA handling. RESULTS We showed that overproduction of CMIP in the podocyte was consistently associated with a downregulation of WT1 according to two mechanisms. We found that CMIP prevented the NF-kB-mediated transcriptional activation of WT1. We demonstrated that CMIP interacts directly with WT1 through its leucine-rich repeat domain. Overexpression of CMIP in the M15 cell line induced a downregulation of WT1, which was prevented by lactacystin, a potent proteasome inhibitor. We showed that CMIP exhibits an E3 ligase activity and targets WT1 to proteasome degradation. Intravenous injection of Cmip-siRNA specifically prevented the repression of Wt1 in lipopolysaccharides-induced proteinuria in mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CMIP is a repressor of WT1 and might be a critical player in the pathophysiology of some podocyte diseases. Because WT1 is required for podocyte integrity, CMIP could be considered a therapeutic target in podocyte diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Yu Zhang
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
| | - Qingfeng Fan
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
- AP‐HPGroupe hospitalier Henri Mondor‐Albert ChenevierDépartement de pathologieCreteilFrance
| | - Virginie Ory
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
| | - Vincent Audard
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
- AP‐HPGroupe Henri‐Mondor Albert‐ChenevierService de NéphrologieCreteilFrance
| | - Andre Pawlak
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
| | - Mario Ollero
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
| | - Dil Sahali
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
- AP‐HPGroupe Henri‐Mondor Albert‐ChenevierService de NéphrologieCreteilFrance
| | - Carole Henique
- INSERMCreteilFrance
- Faculté de santéUniversité Paris Est CreteilCreteilFrance
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17
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Overexpression of Wilms tumor 1 promotes IL-1β expression by upregulating histone acetylation in keratinocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107793. [PMID: 34162155 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and excessive proliferation of keratinocytes are the histopathological markers of psoriasis. The transcription factor Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) is overexpressed in several tumor types, and plays an important part in the proliferation and apoptosis of cells. Studies have found that, compared with normal skin, WT1expression in the skin lesions of patients with psoriasis are increased significantly. Knockdown of WT1 inhibited the proliferation of a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) and promoted their apoptosis, whereas WT1 overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. WT1 was overexpressed or inhibited in HaCaT cells by transfection with the WT1 plasmid or WT1 small interferring RNA (siRNA) using Lipofectamine 2000. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed significant differences in IL-1β expression between the experimental group and control group. Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that expression of IL-1β and WT1 were consistent. Subsequently, IL-1β was demonstrated to be a target of WT1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and luciferase reporter assay. ChIP-qPCR showed that WT1 regulated IL-1β expression by altering acetylation. Expression of WT1 mRNA was positively correlated with expression of IL-1β mRNA in psoriatic skin lesions. Our study suggested that WT1 likely promotes psoriasis development by regulating its target gene IL-1β, which shows high expression in psoriatic lesions and is involved in psoriasis development. These findings provide a new target for psoriasis treatment.
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18
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Fan H, Atiya HI, Wang Y, Pisanic TR, Wang TH, Shih IM, Foy KK, Frisbie L, Buckanovich RJ, Chomiak AA, Tiedemann RL, Rothbart SB, Chandler C, Shen H, Coffman LG. Epigenomic Reprogramming toward Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Ovarian-Cancer-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Drives Metastasis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108473. [PMID: 33296650 PMCID: PMC7747301 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer is well established. Here, we show that, in addition to cancer cell EMT, ovarian cancer cell metastasis relies on an epigenomic mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in host mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These reprogrammed MSCs, termed carcinoma-associated MSCs (CA-MSCs), acquire pro-tumorigenic functions and directly bind cancer cells to serve as a metastatic driver/chaperone. Cancer cells induce this epigenomic MET characterized by enhancer-enriched DNA hypermethylation, altered chromatin accessibility, and differential histone modifications. This phenomenon appears clinically relevant, as CA-MSC MET is highly correlated with patient survival. Mechanistically, mirroring MET observed in development, MET in CA-MSCs is mediated by WT1 and EZH2. Importantly, EZH2 inhibitors, which are clinically available, significantly inhibited CA-MSC-mediated metastasis in mouse models of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Fan
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Huda I Atiya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yeh Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Oncology, and Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Oncology, and Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly K Foy
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Leonard Frisbie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison A Chomiak
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Scott B Rothbart
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Chelsea Chandler
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Lan G Coffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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19
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WT1 activates transcription of the splice factor kinase SRPK1 gene in PC3 and K562 cancer cells in the absence of corepressor BASP1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194642. [PMID: 33017668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated alternative splicing plays a prominent role in all hallmarks of cancer. The splice factor kinase SRPK1 drives the activity of oncogenic splice factors such as SRSF1. SRSF1 in turn promotes the expression of splice isoforms that favour tumour growth, including proangiogenic VEGF. Knockdown (with siRNA) or chemical inhibition (using SPHINX) of SRPK1 in K562 leukemia and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In glomerular podocytes, the Wilms tumour suppressor zinc-finger transcription factor WT1 represses SRPK1 transcription. Here we show that in cancer cells WT1 activates SRPK1 transcription, unless a canonical WT1 binding site adjacent to the transcription start site is mutated. The ability of WT1 to activate SRPK1 transcription was reversed by the transcriptional corepressor BASP1, and both WT1 and BASP1 co-precipitated with the SRPK1 promoter. BASP1 significantly increased the expression of the antiangiogenic VEGF165b splice isoform. We propose that by upregulating SRPK1 transcription WT1 can direct an alternative splicing landscape that facilitates tumour growth.
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20
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Overton IM, Sims AH, Owen JA, Heale BSE, Ford MJ, Lubbock ALR, Pairo-Castineira E, Essafi A. Functional Transcription Factor Target Networks Illuminate Control of Epithelial Remodelling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102823. [PMID: 33007944 PMCID: PMC7652213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell identity is governed by gene expression, regulated by transcription factor (TF) binding at cis-regulatory modules. Decoding the relationship between TF binding patterns and gene regulation is nontrivial, remaining a fundamental limitation in understanding cell decision-making. We developed the NetNC software to predict functionally active regulation of TF targets; demonstrated on nine datasets for the TFs Snail, Twist, and modENCODE Highly Occupied Target (HOT) regions. Snail and Twist are canonical drivers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cell programme important in development, tumour progression and fibrosis. Predicted "neutral" (non-functional) TF binding always accounted for the majority (50% to 95%) of candidate target genes from statistically significant peaks and HOT regions had higher functional binding than most of the Snail and Twist datasets examined. Our results illuminated conserved gene networks that control epithelial plasticity in development and disease. We identified new gene functions and network modules including crosstalk with notch signalling and regulation of chromatin organisation, evidencing networks that reshape Waddington's epigenetic landscape during epithelial remodelling. Expression of orthologous functional TF targets discriminated breast cancer molecular subtypes and predicted novel tumour biology, with implications for precision medicine. Predicted invasion roles were validated using a tractable cell model, supporting our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Overton
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew H. Sims
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Jeremy A. Owen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bret S. E. Heale
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Matthew J. Ford
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Alexander L. R. Lubbock
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Abdelkader Essafi
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
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21
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Sundararajan V, Pang QY, Choolani M, Huang RYJ. Spotlight on the Granules (Grainyhead-Like Proteins) - From an Evolutionary Conserved Controller of Epithelial Trait to Pioneering the Chromatin Landscape. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:213. [PMID: 32974388 PMCID: PMC7471608 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the transcription factors that are conserved across phylogeny, the grainyhead family holds vital roles in driving the epithelial cell fate. In Drosophila, the function of grainyhead (grh) gene is essential during developmental processes such as epithelial differentiation, tracheal tube formation, maintenance of wing and hair polarity, and epidermal barrier wound repair. Three main mammalian orthologs of grh: Grainyhead-like 1-3 (GRHL1, GRHL2, and GRHL3) are highly conserved in terms of their gene structures and functions. GRHL proteins are essentially associated with the development and maintenance of the epithelial phenotype across diverse physiological conditions such as epidermal differentiation and craniofacial development as well as pathological functions including hearing impairment and neural tube defects. More importantly, through direct chromatin binding and induction of epigenetic alterations, GRHL factors function as potent suppressors of oncogenic cellular dedifferentiation program – epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its associated tumor-promoting phenotypes such as tumor cell migration and invasion. On the contrary, GRHL factors also induce pro-tumorigenic effects such as increased migration and anchorage-independent growth in certain tumor types. Furthermore, investigations focusing on the epithelial-specific activation of grh and GRHL factors have revealed that these factors potentially act as a pioneer factor in establishing a cell-type/cell-state specific accessible chromatin landscape that is exclusive for epithelial gene transcription. In this review, we highlight the essential roles of grh and GRHL factors during embryogenesis and pathogenesis, with a special focus on its emerging pioneering function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing You Pang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Luo P, Jing W, Yi K, Wu S, Zhou F. Wilms' tumor 1 gene in hematopoietic malignancies: clinical implications and future directions. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2059-2067. [PMID: 32401109 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1762884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) gene is an important regulatory molecule that plays a vital role in cell growth and development. Initially, knowledge of WT1 was mostly limited to Wilms' tumor. Over the past years, numerous studies have shown that WT1 is aberrant expressed or mutated in hematopoietic malignancies, including acute leukemia (AL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Currently, many studies focus on exploring the role of WT1 in hematopoietic malignancies. Such studies improve the understanding of hematopoietic malignancies, and the collection of data about WT1 expression or mutation in hematopoietic malignancies over the past years can facilitate the risk stratification of hematopoietic malignancies. In this review, we highlight the important role of WT1 in hematopoietic malignancies, discuss its potential clinical applications as a minimal residual disease (MRD) and prognostic biomarker, and evaluate the possible therapy target of WT1 in hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine & Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanyun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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23
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Li Y, Gong H, Ding J, Zhao F, Du J, Wan J, Zhang J, Liu S, Li J, Wang L, Zhou B. Inhibition of GSK3 Represses the Expression of Retinoic Acid Synthetic Enzyme ALDH1A2 via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in WiT49 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:94. [PMID: 32258025 PMCID: PMC7092725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis, including renal development, requires an appropriate retinoic acid concentration, which is established by differential expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (ALDH1A2) and cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A/B/C member 1 (CYP26A1/B1/C1). In the fetal kidney, ALDH1A2 expresses in the developing stroma and renal vesicle and its derivatives but does not present in the ureteric bud. It remains unclear what may contribute to this expression pattern. Here we show that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (GSK3A/B) inhibitor CHIR99021 significantly represses ALDH1A2 expression in WiT49, which is a Wilms’ tumor cell line that exhibits “triphasic” differential potential and is used as a fetal kidney cell model. CHIR99021 fails to suppress ALDH1A2 as β-catenin is inhibited, suggesting that the downregulation of ALDH1A2 by CHIR99021 is through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Ectopic expression of mouse Wnt1, Wnt3a, Wnt4, and Wnt9b represses ALDH1A2 expression in WiT49 cells. Using immunohistochemistry, we show an inverse correlation of Aldh1a2 expression with β-catenin in rat E18.5 kidney. ChIP demonstrated that β-catenin is recruited to the ALDH1A2 promoter, the conserved intron1G, and another site within intron 1 of ALDH1A2. Using a luciferase assay, we further show that the ALDH1A2 promoter and the intron1G element are involved in the repression of ALDH1A2 expression by CHIR99021. Our work demonstrates that ALDH1A2 expression can be directly repressed by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fetal kidney cells, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin may play a role in maintaining the expression pattern of ALDH1A2 in the fetal kidney, thus controlling the availability and localization of retinoic acid and regulating aspects of kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangfeng Ding
- Department of Stomotology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fujuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jihui Du
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Wang X, Wang Z, Adeniran SO, Huang F, Ma M, Zhang H, Li X, Zheng P, Zhang G. Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1) negatively regulates the expression of connexin 43 via a non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway in cultured bovine Sertoli cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:522-530. [PMID: 32023428 DOI: 10.1071/rd19088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gap junction protein connexin (Cx) 43 between adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) is the main testicular factor regulating the growth and development of SCs, and plays a vital role in controlling cell differentiation and maturation. However, the endogenous testicular factors that regulate Cx43 and the downstream signalling pathways that mediate Cx43-dependent SC differentiation are unclear. In this study, high-purity SCs were isolated from newborn calves' testes by differential adherence. The SCs were then cultured invitro and treated with short interference RNA to knockdown endogenous Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1). In WT1-knockdown SCs, Cx43 expression was upregulated. To elucidate the intracellular signalling mechanism of Cx43 in the differentiation and maturation of immature SCs, SCs were treated simultaneously with non-canonical Wnt signalling inhibitors CCG-1423 and GO-6983; in these SCs, Cx43 expression was upregulated. Together, these data indicate that WT1 negatively regulates the expression of Cx43 produced from SCs via a non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway in cultured bovine SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - S O Adeniran
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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25
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Kendall TJ, Duff CM, Boulter L, Wilson DH, Freyer E, Aitken S, Forbes SJ, Iredale JP, Hastie ND. Embryonic mesothelial-derived hepatic lineage of quiescent and heterogenous scar-orchestrating cells defined but suppressed by WT1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4688. [PMID: 31615982 PMCID: PMC6794268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) orchestrate scarring during liver injury, with putative quiescent precursor mesodermal derivation. Here we use lineage-tracing from development, through adult homoeostasis, to fibrosis, to define morphologically and transcriptionally discreet subpopulations of aHSCs by expression of WT1, a transcription factor controlling morphological transitions in organogenesis and adult homoeostasis. Two distinct populations of aHSCs express WT1 after injury, and both re-engage a transcriptional signature reflecting embryonic mesothelial origin of their discreet quiescent adult precursor. WT1-deletion enhances fibrogenesis after injury, through upregulated Wnt-signalling and modulation of genes central to matrix persistence in aHSCs, and augmentation of myofibroblastic transition. The mesothelial-derived lineage demonstrates punctuated phenotypic plasticity through bidirectional mesothelial-mesenchymal transitions. Our findings demonstrate functional heterogeneity of adult scar-orchestrating cells that can be whole-life traced back through specific quiescent adult precursors to differential origin in development, and define WT1 as a paradoxical regulator of aHSCs induced by injury but suppressing scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy James Kendall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Catherine Mary Duff
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David H Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart John Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - John Peter Iredale
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Senate House, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Nicholas Dixon Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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26
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Meng K, Wang X, He Y, Wang H, Xie X, Zhang Y, Quan F. Evidence that downregulation of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) is involved in cortical stromal cell differentiation into theca cells in adult bovine ovaries. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1731-1740. [PMID: 31490589 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bovine theca cells are thought to differentiate from cortical stromal cells, and ovary-derived Wilms' tumor 1+ (WT1+ ) cells are the primary source of mouse theca cells. However, it is not known whether the differentiation of cortical stromal cells is regulated by WT1. Here, we identified WT1 in the cortical stroma and theca layer of the bovine ovary and analyzed the theca cell functional markers in cortical stromal cells and theca cells; in addition, we determined the effects of this gene on the secretion of androstenedione and progesterone by cortical stromal cells and the responsiveness of cortical stromal cells to luteinizing hormone (LH) in vitro. We used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry to discover that the cortical stroma had higher WT1 expression than the theca layer. We used RT-qPCR and ELISA analyses to determine that the cortical stromal cells had lower levels of androstenedione and progesterone secretion and LHR messenger RNA expression than the levels of the theca cells. In cultured bovine cortical stromal cells, we found that WT1 downregulation increased androstenedione and progesterone secretion but had no effect on the LH responsiveness. Notably, the increase in androstenedione and progesterone secretion was associated with an increase in 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression. In conclusion, the results suggest that WT1 is involved in the differentiation of cortical stromal cells into cells with characteristics similar to theca cells of antral follicles in adult bovine ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hengqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaogang Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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27
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Wang D, Horton JR, Zheng Y, Blumenthal RM, Zhang X, Cheng X. Role for first zinc finger of WT1 in DNA sequence specificity: Denys-Drash syndrome-associated WT1 mutant in ZF1 enhances affinity for a subset of WT1 binding sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:3864-3877. [PMID: 29294058 PMCID: PMC5934627 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor protein (WT1) is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger transcription factor vital for embryonic development of the genitourinary system. The protein contains a C-terminal DNA binding domain with four tandem zinc-fingers (ZF1-4). An alternative splicing of Wt1 can add three additional amino acids-lysine (K), threonine (T) and serine (S)-between ZF3 and ZF4. In the -KTS isoform, ZF2-4 determine the sequence-specificity of DNA binding, whereas the function of ZF1 remains elusive. Three X-ray structures are described here for wild-type -KTS isoform ZF1-4 in complex with its cognate DNA sequence. We observed four unique ZF1 conformations. First, like ZF2-4, ZF1 can be positioned continuously in the DNA major groove forming a 'near-cognate' complex. Second, while ZF2-4 make base-specific interactions with one DNA molecule, ZF1 can interact with a second DNA molecule (or, presumably, two regions of the same DNA molecule). Third, ZF1 can intercalate at the joint of two tail-to-head DNA molecules. If such intercalation occurs on a continuous DNA molecule, it would kink the DNA at the ZF1 binding site. Fourth, two ZF1 units can dimerize. Furthermore, we examined a Denys-Drash syndrome-associated ZF1 mutation (methionine at position 342 is replaced by arginine). This mutation enhances WT1 affinity for a guanine base. X-ray crystallography of the mutant in complex with its preferred sequence revealed the interactions responsible for this affinity change. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of action of WT1, and clarify the fact that ZF1 plays a role in determining sequence specificity of this critical transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John R Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- RGENE, Inc., 953 Indiana Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Robert M Blumenthal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Program in Bioinformatics, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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28
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Wang X, Adegoke EO, Ma M, Huang F, Zhang H, Adeniran SO, Zheng P, Zhang G. Influence of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene WT1 on bovine Sertoli cells polarity and tight junctions via non-canonical WNT signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2019; 138:84-93. [PMID: 31302435 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs) are polarized epithelial cells and provide a microenvironment for the development of germ cells (GCs). The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene WT1 which support spermatogenesis is expressed explicitly in SCs. This study investigated the effect of WT1 on the polarity and blood-testis barrier (BTB) formation of bovine SCs in order to provide theoretical and practical bases for the spermatogenic process in mammals. In this study, newborn calf SCs were used as research material, and the RNAi technique was used to knockdown the endogenous WT1. The results show that WT1 knockdown did not affect the proliferation ability of SCs, but down-regulated the expression of polarity-associated proteins (Par3, Par6b, and E-cadherin), junction-associated protein (occludin) and inhibits transcription of downstream genes (WNT4, JNK, αPKC, and CDC42) in non-canonical WNT signaling pathway. WT1 also altered ZO-1 and occludin protein distribution. Overexpression of WNT1 did not affect the expression of Par6b, E-cadherin, and occludin, whereas the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway inhibitors wnt-c59, CCG-1423, and GO-6983 down-regulated the expression of Par6b, E-cadherin, and occludin respectively. This study indicates that WT1 mediates the regulation of several proteins involved in bovine SCs polarity maintenance and intercellular tight junctions (TJ) by non-canonical WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - E O Adegoke
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - S O Adeniran
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
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29
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Gao Y, Dutta Banik D, Muna MM, Roberts SG, Medler KF. The WT1-BASP1 complex is required to maintain the differentiated state of taste receptor cells. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/3/e201800287. [PMID: 31167803 PMCID: PMC6555901 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The WT1/BASP1 complex is important to maintain taste receptor cells in their terminally differentiated state. WT1 is a transcriptional activator that controls the boundary between multipotency and differentiation. The transcriptional cofactor BASP1 binds to WT1, forming a transcriptional repressor complex that drives differentiation in cultured cells; however, this proposed mechanism has not been demonstrated in vivo. We used the peripheral taste system as a model to determine how BASP1 regulates the function of WT1. During development, WT1 is highly expressed in the developing taste cells while BASP1 is absent. By the end of development, BASP1 and WT1 are co-expressed in taste cells, where they both occupy the promoter of WT1 target genes. Using a conditional BASP1 mouse, we demonstrate that BASP1 is critical to maintain the differentiated state of adult taste cells and that loss of BASP1 expression significantly alters the composition and function of these cells. This includes the de-repression of WT1-dependent target genes from the Wnt and Shh pathways that are normally only transcriptionally activated by WT1 in the undifferentiated taste cells. Our results uncover a central role for the WT1–BASP1 complex in maintaining cell differentiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Mutia M Muna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Ge Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA .,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathryn F Medler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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30
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Hartl M, Schneider R. A Unique Family of Neuronal Signaling Proteins Implicated in Oncogenesis and Tumor Suppression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:289. [PMID: 31058089 PMCID: PMC6478813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal proteins GAP43 (neuromodulin), MARCKS, and BASP1 are highly expressed in the growth cones of nerve cells where they are involved in signal transmission and cytoskeleton organization. Although their primary structures are unrelated, these signaling proteins share several structural properties like fatty acid modification, and the presence of cationic effector domains. GAP43, MARCKS, and BASP1 bind to cell membrane phospholipids, a process reversibly regulated by protein kinase C-phosphorylation or by binding to the calcium sensor calmodulin (CaM). GAP43, MARCKS, and BASP1 are also expressed in non-neuronal cells, where they may have important functions to manage cytoskeleton architecture, and in case of MARCKS and BASP1 to act as cofactors in transcriptional regulation. During neoplastic cell transformation, the proteins reveal differential expression in normal vs. tumor cells, and display intrinsic tumor promoting or tumor suppressive activities. Whereas GAP43 and MARCKS are oncogenic, tumor suppressive functions have been ascribed to BASP1 and in part to MARCKS depending on the cell type. Like MARCKS, the myristoylated BASP1 protein is localized both in the cytoplasm and in the cell nucleus. Nuclear BASP1 participates in gene regulation converting the Wilms tumor transcription factor WT1 from an oncoprotein into a tumor suppressor. The BASP1 gene is downregulated in many human tumor cell lines particularly in those derived from leukemias, which display elevated levels of WT1 and of the major cancer driver MYC. BASP1 specifically inhibits MYC-induced cell transformation in cultured cells. The tumor suppressive functions of BASP1 and MARCKS could be exploited to expand the spectrum of future innovative therapeutic approaches to inhibit growth and viability of susceptible human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hartl
- Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Schneider
- Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Abstract
Wilms tumour is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The disease is curable in the majority of cases, albeit at considerable cost in terms of late treatment-related effects in some children. However, one in ten children with Wilms tumour will die of their disease despite modern treatment approaches. The genetic changes that underpin Wilms tumour have been defined by studies of familial cases and by unbiased DNA sequencing of tumour genomes. Together, these approaches have defined the landscape of cancer genes that are operative in Wilms tumour, many of which are intricately linked to the control of fetal nephrogenesis. Advances in our understanding of the germline and somatic genetic changes that underlie Wilms tumour may translate into better patient outcomes. Improvements in risk stratification have already been seen through the introduction of molecular biomarkers into clinical practice. A host of additional biomarkers are due to undergo clinical validation. Identifying actionable mutations has led to potential new targets, with some novel compounds undergoing testing in early phase trials. Avenues that warrant further exploration include targeting Wilms tumour cancer genes with a non-redundant role in nephrogenesis and targeting the fetal renal transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Dora Treger
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tanzina Chowdhury
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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32
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Meng K, Wang X, He Y, Yang J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Quan F. The Wilms tumor gene (WT1) (+/−KTS) isoforms regulate steroidogenesis by modulating the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways in bovine granulosa cells†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:1344-1355. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiashu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hengqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bio-Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
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33
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Wanner N, Vornweg J, Combes A, Wilson S, Plappert J, Rafflenbeul G, Puelles VG, Rahman RU, Liwinski T, Lindner S, Grahammer F, Kretz O, Wlodek ME, Romano T, Moritz KM, Boerries M, Busch H, Bonn S, Little MH, Bechtel-Walz W, Huber TB. DNA Methyltransferase 1 Controls Nephron Progenitor Cell Renewal and Differentiation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:63-78. [PMID: 30518531 PMCID: PMC6317605 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephron number is a major determinant of long-term renal function and cardiovascular risk. Observational studies suggest that maternal nutritional and metabolic factors during gestation contribute to the high variability of nephron endowment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been unclear. METHODS We used mouse models, including DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b) knockout mice, optical projection tomography, three-dimensional reconstructions of the nephrogenic niche, and transcriptome and DNA methylation analysis to characterize the role of DNA methylation for kidney development. RESULTS We demonstrate that DNA hypomethylation is a key feature of nutritional kidney growth restriction in vitro and in vivo, and that DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a are highly enriched in the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidneys. Deletion of Dnmt1 in nephron progenitor cells (in contrast to deletion of Dnmt3a or Dnm3b) mimics nutritional models of kidney growth restriction and results in a substantial reduction of nephron number as well as renal hypoplasia at birth. In Dnmt1-deficient mice, optical projection tomography and three-dimensional reconstructions uncovered a significant reduction of stem cell niches and progenitor cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that global DNA hypomethylation interferes in the progenitor cell regulatory network, leading to downregulation of genes crucial for initiation of nephrogenesis, Wt1 and its target Wnt4. Derepression of germline genes, protocadherins, Rhox genes, and endogenous retroviral elements resulted in the upregulation of IFN targets and inhibitors of cell cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish DNA methylation as a key regulatory event of prenatal renal programming, which possibly represents a fundamental link between maternal nutritional factors during gestation and reduced nephron number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Vornweg
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and
- Faculty of Biology
| | - Alexander Combes
- Anatomy and Neuroscience
- Cell Biology Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Julia Plappert
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and
| | - Gesa Rafflenbeul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and
| | | | - Raza-Ur Rahman
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, and
| | - Timur Liwinski
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, and
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Lindner
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and
| | | | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tania Romano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa H Little
- Cell Biology Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine,
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS) and Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), and
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Departments of
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34
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Wang H, Unternaehrer JJ. Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells: At the Crossroads of Differentiation and Dedifferentiation. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:10-20. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Wang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda California
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda California
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35
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Hurtado Del Pozo C, Garreta E, Izpisúa Belmonte JC, Montserrat N. Modeling epigenetic modifications in renal development and disease with organoids and genome editing. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035048. [PMID: 30459215 PMCID: PMC6262817 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is crucial to our comprehension of gene regulation in development and disease. In the past decades, different studies have shown the role of epigenetic modifications and modifiers in renal disease, especially during its progression towards chronic and end-stage renal disease. Thus, the identification of genetic variation associated with chronic kidney disease has resulted in better clinical management of patients. Despite the importance of these findings, the translation of genotype-phenotype data into gene-based medicine in chronic kidney disease populations still lacks faithful cellular or animal models that recapitulate the key aspects of the human kidney. The latest advances in the field of stem cells have shown that it is possible to emulate kidney development and function with organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These have successfully recapitulated not only kidney differentiation, but also the specific phenotypical traits related to kidney function. The combination of this methodology with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has already helped researchers to model different genetic kidney disorders. Nowadays, CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches also allow epigenetic modifications, and thus represent an unprecedented tool for the screening of genetic variants, epigenetic modifications or even changes in chromatin structure that are altered in renal disease. In this Review, we discuss these technical advances in kidney modeling, and offer an overview of the role of epigenetic regulation in kidney development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hurtado Del Pozo
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garreta
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for organ regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Hidaka D, Onozawa M, Hashiguchi J, Miyashita N, Kasahara K, Fujisawa S, Hayase E, Okada K, Shiratori S, Goto H, Sugita J, Nakagawa M, Hashimoto D, Kahata K, Endo T, Yamamoto S, Tsutsumi Y, Haseyama Y, Nagashima T, Mori A, Ota S, Sakai H, Ishihara T, Imai K, Miyagishima T, Kakinoki Y, Kurosawa M, Kobayashi H, Iwasaki H, Shimizu C, Kondo T, Teshima T. Wilms Tumor 1 Expression at Diagnosis Correlates With Genetic Abnormalities and Polymorphism But Is Not Independently Prognostic in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: A Hokkaido Leukemia Net Study. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:e469-e479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.07.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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37
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Raineri S, Mellor J. IDH1: Linking Metabolism and Epigenetics. Front Genet 2018; 9:493. [PMID: 30405699 PMCID: PMC6206167 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle often contribute to cancer development and progression by disrupting cell metabolism and altering the epigenetic landscape. This is exemplified by the isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2), which metabolize isocitrate to α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG). Gain of function mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 result in reduced levels of α-KG as a result of increased formation of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). α-KG is an essential co-factor for certain histone and DNA demethylases, while 2-HG is a competitive inhibitor. These IDH1/2 mutations are thought to result in hypermethylated histones and DNA which in turn alters gene expression and drives cancer progression. While this model seems to be generally accepted in the field, the exact molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. How much of this model has been rigorously demonstrated and what is just being assumed? Are the effects genome-wide or focused on specific loci? This Perspective aims at elucidating the key questions that remain to be addressed, the experimental techniques that could be used to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved and the additional consequences of these mutations beyond DNA and protein methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Raineri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chronos Therapeutics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Mellor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chronos Therapeutics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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38
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Mesothelial to mesenchyme transition as a major developmental and pathological player in trunk organs and their cavities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:170. [PMID: 30345394 PMCID: PMC6191446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal organs embedded in the cavities are lined by an epithelial monolayer termed the mesothelium. The mesothelium is increasingly implicated in driving various internal organ pathologies, as many of the normal embryonic developmental pathways acting in mesothelial cells, such as those regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, also drive disease progression in adult life. Here, we summarize observations from different animal models and organ systems that collectively point toward a central role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in driving tissue fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. Thus, drugs targeting pathways of mesothelium’s transition may have broad therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from these diseases. Tim Koopmans and Yuval Rinkevich review recent findings linking the mesothelium’s embryonic programs that drive epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition with adult pathologies, such as fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. They highlight new avenues for drug development that would target pathways of the mesothelium’s mesenchymal transition.
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39
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Mesothelial-mesenchymal transitions in embryogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 92:37-44. [PMID: 30243860 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most animals develop coelomic cavities lined by an epithelial cell layer called the mesothelium. Embryonic mesothelial cells have the ability to transform into mesenchymal cells which populate many developing organs contributing to their connective and vascular tissues, and also to organ-specific cell types. Furthermore, embryonic mesothelium and mesothelial-derived cells produce essential signals for visceral morphogenesis. We review the most relevant literature about the mechanisms regulating the embryonic mesothelial-mesenchymal transition, the developmental fate of the mesothelial-derived cells and other functions of the embryonic mesothelium, such as its contribution to the establishment of left-right visceral asymmetries or its role in limb morphogenesis.
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40
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Abstract
The nephron is a multifunctional filtration device equipped with an array of sophisticated sensors. For appropriate physiological function in the human and mouse, nephrons must be stereotypically arrayed in large numbers, and this essential structural property that defines the kidney is determined during its fetal development. This review explores the process of nephron determination in the fetal kidney, providing an overview of the foundational literature in the field as well as exploring new developments in this dynamic research area. Mechanisms that ensure that a large number of nephrons can be formed from a small initial number of progenitor cells are central to this process, and the question of how the nephron progenitor cell population balances epithelial differentiation with renewal in the progenitor state is a subject of particular interest. Key growth factor signaling pathways and transcription factor networks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA;
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41
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O'Brien LL. Nephron progenitor cell commitment: Striking the right balance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:94-103. [PMID: 30030141 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The filtering component of the kidney, the nephron, arises from a single progenitor population. These nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) both self-renew and differentiate throughout the course of kidney development ensuring sufficient nephron endowment. An appropriate balance of these processes must be struck as deficiencies in nephron numbers are associated with hypertension and kidney disease. This review will discuss the mechanisms and molecules supporting NPC maintenance and differentiation. A focus on recent work will highlight new molecular insights into NPC regulation and their dynamic behavior in both space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
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42
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Zhang L, Ettou S, Khalid M, Taglienti M, Jain D, Jung YL, Seager C, Liu Y, Ng KH, Park PJ, Kreidberg JA. EED, a member of the polycomb group, is required for nephron differentiation and the maintenance of nephron progenitor cells. Development 2018; 145:dev.157149. [PMID: 29945864 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has a crucial role allowing for the self-renewal and differentiation of stem and progenitor populations during organogenesis. The mammalian kidney maintains a population of self-renewing stem cells that differentiate to give rise to thousands of nephrons, which are the functional units that carry out filtration to maintain physiological homeostasis. The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) epigenetically represses gene expression during development by placing the H3K27me3 mark on histone H3 at promoter and enhancer sites, resulting in gene silencing. To understand the role of PRC2 in nephron differentiation, we conditionally inactivated the Eed gene, which encodes a nonredundant component of the PRC2 complex, in nephron progenitor cells. Resultant kidneys were smaller and showed premature loss of progenitor cells. The progenitors in Eed mutant mice that were induced to differentiate did not develop into properly formed nephrons. Lhx1, normally expressed in the renal vesicle, was overexpressed in kidneys of Eed mutant mice. Thus, PRC2 has a crucial role in suppressing the expression of genes that maintain the progenitor state, allowing nephron differentiation to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandrine Ettou
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myda Khalid
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary Taglienti
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dhawal Jain
- Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youngsook L Jung
- Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Seager
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kar-Hui Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordan A Kreidberg
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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43
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Phospholipids and inositol phosphates linked to the epigenome. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:245-253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Buglyó G, Beyer D, Biró S, Oláh É. The Wilms' tumour 1 gene as a factor in non-syndromic hypospadias: evidence and controversy. Pathology 2018; 50:377-381. [PMID: 29743143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.12.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypospadias is one of the most frequent congenital anomalies of the male external genitalia. Its pathogenesis is due to largely unknown or poorly understood genetic factors and is further complicated by environmental-intrauterine-risk factors. One of the genes currently in focus by molecular biologists and clinicians studying syndromic forms of hypospadias is the Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1) gene. There is controversy over whether WT1 defects are also responsible for isolated hypospadias. In this review, we briefly cover the role of WT1 as a transcription factor and discuss proposed pathogenic pathways leading to hypospadias, outlining possible directions for research. We assess available evidence on the gene's mutations and polymorphisms recently suggested in the background of the disease, and examine the putative role of WT1-associated proteins. We also review relevant aspects of genome-wide association studies carried out so far, and raise some points to consider in future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dániel Beyer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Oláh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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45
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Lopez-Baez JC, Simpson DJ, LLeras Forero L, Zeng Z, Brunsdon H, Salzano A, Brombin A, Wyatt C, Rybski W, Huitema LFA, Dale RM, Kawakami K, Englert C, Chandra T, Schulte-Merker S, Hastie ND, Patton EE. Wilms Tumor 1b defines a wound-specific sheath cell subpopulation associated with notochord repair. eLife 2018; 7:30657. [PMID: 29405914 PMCID: PMC5811212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapy for degenerative spine disorders requires the identification of cells that can slow down and possibly reverse degenerative processes. Here, we identify an unanticipated wound-specific notochord sheath cell subpopulation that expresses Wilms Tumor (WT) 1b following injury in zebrafish. We show that localized damage leads to Wt1b expression in sheath cells, and that wt1b+cells migrate into the wound to form a stopper-like structure, likely to maintain structural integrity. Wt1b+sheath cells are distinct in expressing cartilage and vacuolar genes, and in repressing a Wt1b-p53 transcriptional programme. At the wound, wt1b+and entpd5+ cells constitute separate, tightly-associated subpopulations. Surprisingly, wt1b expression at the site of injury is maintained even into adult stages in developing vertebrae, which form in an untypical manner via a cartilage intermediate. Given that notochord cells are retained in adult intervertebral discs, the identification of novel subpopulations may have important implications for regenerative spine disorder treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lopez-Baez
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Simpson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura LLeras Forero
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,CiM Cluster of Excellence, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Salzano
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Wyatt
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Witold Rybski
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rodney M Dale
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Christoph Englert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,CiM Cluster of Excellence, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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46
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O’Brien LL, Guo Q, Bahrami-Samani E, Park JS, Hasso SM, Lee YJ, Fang A, Kim AD, Guo J, Hong TM, Peterson KA, Lozanoff S, Raviram R, Ren B, Fogelgren B, Smith AD, Valouev A, McMahon AP. Transcriptional regulatory control of mammalian nephron progenitors revealed by multi-factor cistromic analysis and genetic studies. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007181. [PMID: 29377931 PMCID: PMC5805373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephron progenitor number determines nephron endowment; a reduced nephron count is linked to the onset of kidney disease. Several transcriptional regulators including Six2, Wt1, Osr1, Sall1, Eya1, Pax2, and Hox11 paralogues are required for specification and/or maintenance of nephron progenitors. However, little is known about the regulatory intersection of these players. Here, we have mapped nephron progenitor-specific transcriptional networks of Six2, Hoxd11, Osr1, and Wt1. We identified 373 multi-factor associated 'regulatory hotspots' around genes closely associated with progenitor programs. To examine their functional significance, we deleted 'hotspot' enhancer elements for Six2 and Wnt4. Removal of the distal enhancer for Six2 leads to a ~40% reduction in Six2 expression. When combined with a Six2 null allele, progeny display a premature depletion of nephron progenitors. Loss of the Wnt4 enhancer led to a significant reduction of Wnt4 expression in renal vesicles and a mildly hypoplastic kidney, a phenotype also enhanced in combination with a Wnt4 null mutation. To explore the regulatory landscape that supports proper target gene expression, we performed CTCF ChIP-seq to identify insulator-boundary regions. One such putative boundary lies between the Six2 and Six3 loci. Evidence for the functional significance of this boundary was obtained by deep sequencing of the radiation-induced Brachyrrhine (Br) mutant allele. We identified an inversion of the Six2/Six3 locus around the CTCF-bound boundary, removing Six2 from its distal enhancer regulation, but placed next to Six3 enhancer elements which support ectopic Six2 expression in the lens where Six3 is normally expressed. Six3 is now predicted to fall under control of the Six2 distal enhancer. Consistent with this view, we observed ectopic Six3 in nephron progenitors. 4C-seq supports the model for Six2 distal enhancer interactions in wild-type and Br/+ mouse kidneys. Together, these data expand our view of the regulatory genome and regulatory landscape underpinning mammalian nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L. O’Brien
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Bioinformatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emad Bahrami-Samani
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Division of Pediatric Urology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Hasso
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alan Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Albert D. Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Trudy M. Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | | | - Scott Lozanoff
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Ramya Raviram
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ben Fogelgren
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anton Valouev
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Bioinformatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Abstract
The study of genes mutated in human disease often leads to new insights into biology as well as disease mechanisms. One such gene is Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1), which plays multiple roles in development, tissue homeostasis and disease. In this Primer, I summarise how this multifaceted gene functions in various mammalian tissues and organs, including the kidney, gonads, heart and nervous system. This is followed by a discussion of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which WT1 and its two major isoforms regulate these processes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road (S), Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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48
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Gadd S, Huff V, Walz AL, Ooms AH, Armstrong AE, Gerhard DS, Smith MA, Guidry Auvil JM, Meerzaman D, Chen QR, Hsu CH, Yan C, Nguyen C, Hu Y, Hermida LC, Davidsen T, Gesuwan P, Ma Y, Zong Z, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Marra MA, Dome JS, Mullighan CG, Ma J, Wheeler DA, Hampton OA, Ross N, Gastier-Foster JM, Arold ST, Perlman EJ. A Children's Oncology Group and TARGET initiative exploring the genetic landscape of Wilms tumor. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1487-1494. [PMID: 28825729 PMCID: PMC5712232 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We performed genome-wide sequencing and analyzed mRNA and miRNA expression, DNA copy number, and DNA methylation in 117 Wilms tumors, followed by targeted sequencing of 651 Wilms tumors. In addition to genes previously implicated in Wilms tumors (WT1, CTNNB1, AMER1, DROSHA, DGCR8, XPO5, DICER1, SIX1, SIX2, MLLT1, MYCN, and TP53), we identified mutations in genes not previously recognized as recurrently involved in Wilms tumors, the most frequent being BCOR, BCORL1, NONO, MAX, COL6A3, ASXL1, MAP3K4, and ARID1A. DNA copy number changes resulted in recurrent 1q gain, MYCN amplification, LIN28B gain, and MIRLET7A loss. Unexpected germline variants involved PALB2 and CHEK2. Integrated analyses support two major classes of genetic changes that preserve the progenitor state and/or interrupt normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gadd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Amy L. Walz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Ariadne H.A.G. Ooms
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amy E. Armstrong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Daniela S. Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Malcolm A. Smith
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Jaime M. Guidry Auvil
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Chih Hao Hsu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Leandro C. Hermida
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Tanja Davidsen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Patee Gesuwan
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Zusheng Zong
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Richard A. Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A. Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S. Dome
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David A. Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Oliver A. Hampton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Nicole Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Julie M. Gastier-Foster
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth J. Perlman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
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49
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Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Largent AD, Daehn I, Chang A, Gross KW, Pippin JW, Hohenstein P, Shankland SJ. WT1 Is Necessary for the Proliferation and Migration of Cells of Renin Lineage Following Kidney Podocyte Depletion. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1152-1166. [PMID: 28966119 PMCID: PMC5639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) plays an important role in cell proliferation and mesenchymal-epithelial balance in normal development and disease. Here, we show that following podocyte depletion in three experimental models, and in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy, WT1 increased significantly in cells of renin lineage (CoRL). In an animal model of FSGS in RenWt1fl/fl reporter mice with inducible deletion of WT1 in CoRL, CoRL proliferation and migration to the glomerulus was reduced, and glomerular disease was worse compared with wild-type mice. To become podocytes, CoRL undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation (MET), typified by reduced staining for mesenchymal markers (MYH11, SM22, αSMA) and de novo expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and cytokeratin18). Evidence for changes in MET markers was barely detected in RenWt1fl/fl mice. Our results show that following podocyte depletion, WT1 plays essential roles in CoRL proliferation and migration toward an adult podocyte fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrea D Largent
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ilse Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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50
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Buglyó G, Magyar Á, Biró S, Csízy I, Beyer D, Molnár K, Oláh É. Nucleotide Transition 390C-T in the Wilms' Tumor 1 Gene: A Risk Factor of Hypospadias? Curr Urol 2017; 10:136-139. [PMID: 28878596 DOI: 10.1159/000447167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gene Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) encodes a unique transcription factor. Its defects are known to cause a wide range of complex genitourinary malformations and may contribute to non-syndromic forms of hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed WT1 mutation analysis and copy number analysis of WT1-interacting protein in 13 Hungarian patients diagnosed with isolated hypospadias. RESULTS Sequencing of WT1 revealed a high frequency of heterozygosity for transition 390C-T (5 heterozygotes out of 13 patients, including 2 brothers). WT1-interacting protein had a normal copy number in all patients. CONCLUSION Nucleotide substitution 390C-T may play a role in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic hypospadias. The genotype-phenotype correlation should be confirmed by a larger-scale analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Magyar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Csízy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Beyer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Oláh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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