1
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Doll Y, Ikeuchi M. All roads lead to dome: Multicellular dynamics during de novo meristem establishment in shoot regeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 85:102733. [PMID: 40319571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) harbor persistent stem cells and give rise to above-ground organs throughout life. In tissue culture-based shoot regeneration, a subpopulation of pluripotent callus cells is specified into SAMs. How callus cells decide whether or not to become SAMs stands as an important question in developmental biology. Furthermore, the developmental basis underlying the de novo construction of dome-shaped SAMs remained largely unknown. Recent high-resolution analyses have revealed the spatiotemporal dynamics of cell fate determination and meristem establishment during shoot regeneration. Cell fates to become meristem are actively determined through interactions between neighboring cells, rather than by cell-autonomous fate transition. Inter-cell layer communication via mobile signal or mechanical cue may enable meristem construction. By integrating recent insights from the two-step tissue culture system in Arabidopsis together with other shoot regeneration systems, we depict the process of de novo meristem establishment as a dynamic multicellular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Doll
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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2
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Zhang G, Zhai N, Zhu M, Zheng K, Sang Y, Li X, Xu L. Cell wall remodeling during plant regeneration. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 67:1060-1076. [PMID: 40213916 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Plant regeneration is the process during which differentiated tissues or cells can reverse or alter their developmental trajectory to repair damaged tissues or form new organs. In the plant regeneration process, the cell wall not only functions as a foundational barrier and scaffold supporting plant cells but also influences cell fates and identities. Cell wall remodeling involves the selective degradation of certain cell wall components or the integration of new components. Recently, accumulating evidence has underscored the importance of cell wall remodeling in plant regeneration. Wounding signals, transmitted by transcription factors, trigger the expressions of genes responsible for cell wall loosening, which is essential for tissue repair. In de novo organ regeneration and somatic embryogenesis, phytohormones orchestrate a transcriptional regulatory network to induce cell wall remodeling, which promotes cell fate reprogramming and organ formation. This review summarizes the effects of cell wall remodeling on various regenerative processes and provides novel insights into the future research of uncharacterized roles of cell wall in plant regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ning Zhai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mulan Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Keyuan Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yalin Sang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lin Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Sasidharan Y, Suryavanshi V, Smit ME. A space for time. Exploring temporal regulation of plant development across spatial scales. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 122:e70130. [PMID: 40163327 PMCID: PMC11956849 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Plants continuously undergo change during their life cycle, experiencing dramatic phase transitions altering plant form, and regulating the assignment and progression of cell fates. The relative timing of developmental events is tightly controlled and involves integration of environmental, spatial, and relative age-related signals and actors. While plant phase transitions have been studied extensively and many of their regulators have been described, less is known about temporal regulation on a smaller, cell-level scale. Here, using examples from both plant and animal systems, we outline time-dependent changes. Looking at systemic scale changes, we discuss the timing of germination, juvenile-to-adult transition, flowering, and senescence, together with regeneration timing. Switching to temporal regulation on a cellular level, we discuss several instances from the animal field in which temporal control has been examined extensively at this scale. Then, we switch back to plants and summarize examples where plant cell-level changes are temporally regulated. As time cannot easily be separated from signaling derived from the environment and tissue context, we next discuss factors that have been implicated in controlling the timing of developmental events, reviewing temperature, photoperiod, nutrient availability, as well as tissue context and mechanical cues on the cellular scale. Afterwards, we provide an overview of mechanisms that have been shown or implicated in the temporal control of development, considering metabolism, division control, mobile signals, epigenetic regulation, and the action of transcription factors. Lastly, we look at remaining questions for the future study of developmental timing in plants and how recent technical advancement can enable these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadhusankar Sasidharan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP)Eberhard Karls UniversityTuebingenD‐72076Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Suryavanshi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP)Eberhard Karls UniversityTuebingenD‐72076Germany
| | - Margot E. Smit
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP)Eberhard Karls UniversityTuebingenD‐72076Germany
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4
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Wang S, Li Y, Li Z, Li C, Xu L, Zhai N. Tracing meristem cell lineages during plant development and regeneration by the all-in-one CRE/LOX system. PLANT METHODS 2025; 21:36. [PMID: 40082973 PMCID: PMC11907920 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-025-01352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
The root apical meristem (RAM) and the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which contain stem cells and their lineages, are the centers for underground and aboveground organ formation in vascular plants. Accurately tracing stem cell lineage is important to understand how the RAM and SAM are formed and how they give rise to new organs. Here, we introduce the all-in-one CRE/LOX system, which is assembled in a single plasmid and can be used to efficiently trace cell lineage during de novo formation of meristems and cell differentiation within meristems in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the CRE/LOX-GUS system driven by the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) promoter (i.e., WOX5pro-CRE/LOX-GUS), we show that cell division of the quiescent center (QC) within the stem cell niche of the RAM might replenish initial/stem cells in plants grown on mannitol-containing medium or in soil. The results obtained using WOX5pro-CRE/LOX-GUS also show that a group of shoot progenitor cells acts together to initiate the SAM during de novo shoot regeneration from callus in tissue culture. We also demonstrate the use of the CRE/LOX-RUBY system for real-time in vivo tracing of cell lineages in live organs. Overall, this paper not only introduces the all-in-one CRE/LOX tool, but also reveals the cell lineages during meristem development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ning Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Lee K, Yoon H, Park OS, Seo PJ. A positive feedback loop of cytokinin signaling ensures efficient de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025. [PMID: 39878239 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hobin Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ok-Sun Park
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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6
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Youngstrom C, Wang K, Lee K. Unlocking regeneration potential: harnessing morphogenic regulators and small peptides for enhanced plant engineering. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 121:e17193. [PMID: 39658544 PMCID: PMC11771577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/23/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetic transformation is essential for understanding gene functions and developing improved crop varieties. Traditional methods, often genotype-dependent, are limited by plants' recalcitrance to gene delivery and low regeneration capacity. To overcome these limitations, new approaches have emerged that greatly improve efficiency and genotype flexibility. This review summarizes key strategies recently developed for plant transformation, focusing on groundbreaking technologies enhancing explant- and genotype flexibility. It covers the use of morphogenic regulators (MRs), stem cell-based methods, and in planta transformation methods. MRs, such as maize Babyboom (BBM) with Wuschel2 (WUS2), and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) with their cofactors GRF-interacting factors (GIFs), offer great potential for transforming many monocot species, including major cereal crops. Optimizing BBM/WUS2 expression cassettes has further enabled successful transformation and gene editing using seedling leaves as starting material. This technology lowers the barriers for academic laboratories to adopt monocot transformation systems. For dicot plants, tissue culture-free or in planta transformation methods, with or without the use of MRs, are emerging as more genotype-flexible alternatives to traditional tissue culture-based transformation systems. Additionally, the discovery of the local wound signal peptide Regeneration Factor 1 (REF1) has been shown to enhance transformation efficiency by activating wound-induced regeneration pathways in both monocot and dicot plants. Future research may combine these advances to develop truly genotype-independent transformation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Youngstrom
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa50011USA
- Crop Bioengineering CenterIowa State UniversityAmesIowa50011USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa50011USA
- Crop Bioengineering CenterIowa State UniversityAmesIowa50011USA
| | - Keunsub Lee
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa50011USA
- Crop Bioengineering CenterIowa State UniversityAmesIowa50011USA
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7
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Chen Y, Ince YÇ, Kawamura A, Favero DS, Suzuki T, Sugimoto K. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5-mediated light signaling promotes shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:2549-2564. [PMID: 39315875 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Injured plant somatic tissues regenerate themselves by establishing shoot or root meristems. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a two-step culture system ensures regeneration by first promoting the acquisition of pluripotency and subsequently specifying the fate of new meristems. Although previous studies have reported the importance of phytohormones auxin and cytokinin in determining the fate of new meristems, whether and how environmental factors influence this process remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of light signals on shoot regeneration using Arabidopsis hypocotyls as explants. We found that light signals promote shoot regeneration while inhibiting root formation. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), the pivotal transcriptional factor in light signaling, plays a central role in this process by mediating the expression of key genes controlling the fate of new meristems. Specifically, HY5 directly represses root development genes and activates shoot meristem genes, leading to the establishment of shoot progenitor from pluripotent callus. We further demonstrated that the early activation of photosynthesis is critical for shoot initiation, and this is transcriptionally regulated downstream of HY5-dependent pathways. In conclusion, we uncovered the intricate molecular mechanisms by which light signals control the establishment of new meristems through the regulatory network governed by HY5, thus highlighting the influence of light signals on plant developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yetkin Çaka Ince
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - David S Favero
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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8
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Rusnak B, Clark FK, Vadde BVL, Roeder AHK. What Is a Plant Cell Type in the Age of Single-Cell Biology? It's Complicated. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2024; 40:301-328. [PMID: 38724025 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111323-102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
One of the fundamental questions in developmental biology is how a cell is specified to differentiate as a specialized cell type. Traditionally, plant cell types were defined based on their function, location, morphology, and lineage. Currently, in the age of single-cell biology, researchers typically attempt to assign plant cells to cell types by clustering them based on their transcriptomes. However, because cells are dynamic entities that progress through the cell cycle and respond to signals, the transcriptome also reflects the state of the cell at a particular moment in time, raising questions about how to define a cell type. We suggest that these complexities and dynamics of cell states are of interest and further consider the roles signaling, stochasticity, cell cycle, and mechanical forces play in plant cell fate specification. Once established, cell identity must also be maintained. With the wealth of single-cell data coming out, the field is poised to elucidate both the complexity and dynamics of cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Rusnak
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; , ,
| | - Frances K Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; , ,
| | - Batthula Vijaya Lakshmi Vadde
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; , ,
| | - Adrienne H K Roeder
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; , ,
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9
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Kumar M, Ayzenshtat D, Rather GA, Zemach H, Belausov E, Eshed Williams L, Bocobza S. A dynamic WUSCHEL/Layer 1 interplay directs shoot apical meristem formation during regeneration in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 120:578-597. [PMID: 39215624 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
De novo shoot apical meristem (SAM) organogenesis during regeneration in tissue culture has been investigated for several decades, but the precise mechanisms governing early-stage cell fate specification remain elusive. In contrast to SAM establishment during embryogenesis, in vitro SAM formation occurs without positional cues and is characterized by autonomous initiation of cellular patterning. Here, we report on the initial stages of SAM organogenesis and on the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate gene patterning to establish SAM homeostasis. We found that SAM organogenesis in tobacco calli starts with protuberance formation followed by the formation of an intact L1 layer covering the nascent protuberance. We also exposed a complex interdependent relationship between L1 and WUS expression and revealed that any disruption in this interplay compromises shoot formation. Silencing WUS in nascent protuberances prevented L1 formation and caused the disorganization of the outer cell layers exhibiting both anticlinal and periclinal divisions, suggesting WUS plays a critical role in the proper establishment and organization of L1 during SAM organogenesis. We further discovered that silencing TONNEAU1 prevents the exclusive occurrence of anticlinal divisions in the outermost layer of the protuberances and suppresses the acquisition of L1 cellular identity and L1 formation, ultimately impeding SAM formation and regeneration. This study provides a novel molecular framework for the characterization of a WUS/L1 interplay that mediates SAM formation during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Dana Ayzenshtat
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Gulzar A Rather
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Leor Eshed Williams
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
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10
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Liu L, Qu J, Wang C, Liu M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Guo C, Wu C, Yang G, Huang J, Yan K, Shu H, Zheng C, Zhang S. An efficient genetic transformation system mediated by Rhizobium rhizogenes in fruit trees based on the transgenic hairy root to shoot conversion. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2093-2103. [PMID: 38491985 PMCID: PMC11258974 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Genetic transformation is a critical tool for gene editing and genetic improvement of plants. Although many model plants and crops can be genetically manipulated, genetic transformation systems for fruit trees are either lacking or perform poorly. We used Rhizobium rhizogenes to transfer the target gene into the hairy roots of Malus domestica and Actinidia chinensis. Transgenic roots were generated within 3 weeks, with a transgenic efficiency of 78.8%. Root to shoot conversion of transgenic hairy roots was achieved within 11 weeks, with a regeneration efficiency of 3.3%. Finally, the regulatory genes involved in stem cell activity were used to improve shoot regeneration efficiency. MdWOX5 exhibited the most significant effects, as it led to an improved regeneration efficiency of 20.6% and a reduced regeneration time of 9 weeks. Phenotypes of the overexpression of RUBY system mediated red roots and overexpression of MdRGF5 mediated longer root hairs were observed within 3 weeks, suggesting that the method can be used to quickly screen genes that influence root phenotype scores through root performance, such as root colour, root hair, and lateral root. Obtaining whole plants of the RUBY system and MdRGF5 overexpression lines highlights the convenience of this technology for studying gene functions in whole plants. Overall, we developed an optimized method to improve the transformation efficiency and stability of transformants in fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
- National Engineering Research Center for Apple and Technology Innovation Alliance of Apple IndustryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Jinghua Qu
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Chunmeng Zhang
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Changai Wu
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Guodong Yang
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Jinguang Huang
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Kang Yan
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Huairui Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Apple and Technology Innovation Alliance of Apple IndustryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
- College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
- National Engineering Research Center for Apple and Technology Innovation Alliance of Apple IndustryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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11
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Chen C, Hu Y, Ikeuchi M, Jiao Y, Prasad K, Su YH, Xiao J, Xu L, Yang W, Zhao Z, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Gao J, Wang JW. Plant regeneration in the new era: from molecular mechanisms to biotechnology applications. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1338-1367. [PMID: 38833085 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants or tissues can be regenerated through various pathways. Like animal regeneration, cell totipotency and pluripotency are the molecular basis of plant regeneration. Detailed systematic studies on Arabidopsis thaliana gradually unravel the fundamental mechanisms and principles underlying plant regeneration. Specifically, plant hormones, cell division, epigenetic remodeling, and transcription factors play crucial roles in reprogramming somatic cells and reestablishing meristematic cells. Recent research on basal non-vascular plants and monocot crops has revealed that plant regeneration differs among species, with various plant species using distinct mechanisms and displaying significant differences in regenerative capacity. Conducting multi-omics studies at the single-cell level, tracking plant regeneration processes in real-time, and deciphering the natural variation in regenerative capacity will ultimately help understand the essence of plant regeneration, improve crop regeneration efficiency, and contribute to future crop design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kalika Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India.
- , Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), IGDB, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Weibing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- CEPAMS, SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CEMPS, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA.
| | - Jian Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Prasad K, Palakodeti D. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of development and regeneration. Development 2024; 151:dev203023. [PMID: 38819454 DOI: 10.1242/dev.203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration involves a highly coordinated interplay of intricate cellular processes, enabling living organisms to renew and repair themselves, from individual cells to entire ecosystems. Further, regeneration offers profound insights into developmental biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Development and Regeneration (CMMDR) 2024 conference, which took place at the Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence and University (India), gathered together an international array of researchers studying a wide variety of organisms across both plant and animal kingdoms. In this short Meeting Review, we highlight some of the outstanding research presented at this conference and draw together some of the common themes that emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalika Prasad
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru 560065, India
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13
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Zhang G, Liu P, Zhang G, Yao X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lin J, Cui Y, Li X. Cell wall remodeling promotes callus formation in poplar. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:16. [PMID: 38685126 PMCID: PMC11059702 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yueqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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14
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Yan X, Zheng K, Li P, Zhong X, Zhu Z, Zhou H, Zhu M. An efficient in vitro organogenesis protocol for the endangered relic tree species Bretschneidera sinensis and genetic fidelity assessment using DNA markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1259925. [PMID: 38660444 PMCID: PMC11039884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1259925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bretschneidera sinensis is a monotypic species of rare and tertiary relic trees mainly distributed in China. B. sinensis is a potentially valuable horticultural plant, which has significant ornamental and research value, and is a crucial tool for the study of phylogeography. The artificial cultivation of B. sinensis is of great scientific value and practical significance. In this study, we developed a direct organogenesis process of B. sinensis using mature zygotic embryos as initial materials. The highest sterile germination induction (54.5%) from the mature zygotic embryo was obtained in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mg·L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.2 mg·L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest percentage of shoot regeneration (90.37%) was attained using 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.01 mg·L-1 NAA in the MS medium. The Woody Plant Medium (WPM) had the greatest adventitious shoot elongation rate of 93.33%. The most optimized rooting rate was 88.89% in a half-strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA. The genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated plantlets was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeats and random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular markers, confirming the genetic uniformity and stability of regenerated B. sinensis plantlets. Our research presents an effective in vitro propagation system for B. sinensis, laying the groundwork for its germplasm conservation and large-scale production while maintaining high genetic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyuan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongwei Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huijing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Mulan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, China
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15
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Rajabhoj MP, Sankar S, Bondada R, Shanmukhan AP, Prasad K, Maruthachalam R. Gametophytic epigenetic regulators, MEDEA and DEMETER, synergistically suppress ectopic shoot formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:68. [PMID: 38341844 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The gametophytic epigenetic regulators, MEA and DME, extend their synergistic role to the sporophytic development by regulating the meristematic activity via restricting the gene expression in the shoot apex. The gametophyte-to-sporophyte transition facilitates the alternation of generations in a plant life cycle. The epigenetic regulators DEMETER (DME) and MEDEA (MEA) synergistically control central cell proliferation and differentiation, ensuring proper gametophyte-to-sporophyte transition in Arabidopsis. Mutant alleles of DME and MEA are female gametophyte lethal, eluding the recovery of recessive homozygotes to examine their role in the sporophyte. Here, we exploited the paternal transmission of these mutant alleles coupled with CENH3-haploid inducer to generate mea-1;dme-2 sporophytes. Strikingly, the simultaneous loss of function of MEA and DME leads to the emergence of ectopic shoot meristems at the apical pole of the plant body axis. DME and MEA are expressed in the developing shoot apex and regulate the expression of various shoot-promoting factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), DNA methylation, and gene expression analysis revealed several shoot regulators as potential targets of MEA and DME. RNA interference-mediated transcriptional downregulation of shoot-promoting factors STM, CUC2, and PLT5 rescued the twin-plant phenotype to WT in 9-23% of mea-1-/-;dme-2-/- plants. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized synergistic role of MEA and DME in restricting the meristematic activity at the shoot apex during sporophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P Rajabhoj
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Sudev Sankar
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramesh Bondada
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | | | - Kalika Prasad
- Department of Biology, IISER Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
| | - Ravi Maruthachalam
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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16
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Mathew MM, Ganguly A, Prasad K. Multiple feedbacks on self-organized morphogenesis during plant regeneration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:553-559. [PMID: 37984062 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have primarily emphasized genetic blueprint as the driving force behind plant regeneration. The flow of information from genetics, which manifests as biochemical properties, including hormones, has been extensively implicated in plant regeneration. However, recent advancements have unveiled additional intrinsic modules within this information flow. Here, we explore the three core modules of plant regeneration: biochemical properties, mechanical forces acting on cells, and cell geometry. We debate their roles and interactions during morphogenesis, emphasizing the potential for multiple feedbacks between these core modules to drive pattern formation during regeneration. We propose that de novo organ regeneration is a self-organized event driven by multidirectional information flow between these core modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Maria Mathew
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Akansha Ganguly
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kalika Prasad
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India
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17
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Lindsay P, Swentowsky KW, Jackson D. Cultivating potential: Harnessing plant stem cells for agricultural crop improvement. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:50-74. [PMID: 38130059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Meristems are stem cell-containing structures that produce all plant organs and are therefore important targets for crop improvement. Developmental regulators control the balance and rate of cell divisions within the meristem. Altering these regulators impacts meristem architecture and, as a consequence, plant form. In this review, we discuss genes involved in regulating the shoot apical meristem, inflorescence meristem, axillary meristem, root apical meristem, and vascular cambium in plants. We highlight several examples showing how crop breeders have manipulated developmental regulators to modify meristem growth and alter crop traits such as inflorescence size and branching patterns. Plant transformation techniques are another innovation related to plant meristem research because they make crop genome engineering possible. We discuss recent advances on plant transformation made possible by studying genes controlling meristem development. Finally, we conclude with discussions about how meristem research can contribute to crop improvement in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Lindsay
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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18
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Burda I, Martin AC, Roeder AHK, Collins MA. The dynamics and biophysics of shape formation: Common themes in plant and animal morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2850-2866. [PMID: 38113851 PMCID: PMC10752614 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of tissue form in multicellular organisms results from the complex interplay between genetics and physics. In both plants and animals, cells must act in concert to pattern their behaviors. Our understanding of the factors sculpting multicellular form has increased dramatically in the past few decades. From this work, common themes have emerged that connect plant and animal morphogenesis-an exciting connection that solidifies our understanding of the developmental basis of multicellular life. In this review, we will discuss the themes and the underlying principles that connect plant and animal morphogenesis, including the coordination of gene expression, signaling, growth, contraction, and mechanical and geometric feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Burda
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Genetic Genomics and Development Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adam C Martin
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adrienne H K Roeder
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Genetic Genomics and Development Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Collins
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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19
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Ince YÇ, Sugimoto K. Illuminating the path to shoot meristem regeneration: Molecular insights into reprogramming cells into stem cells. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102452. [PMID: 37709567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells possess the ability to dedifferentiate and reprogram into stem cell-like populations, enabling the regeneration of new organs. However, the maintenance of stem cells relies on specialized microenvironments composed of distinct cell populations with specific functions. Consequently, the regeneration process necessitates the orchestrated regulation of multiple pathways across diverse cellular populations. One crucial pathway involves the transcription factor WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), which plays a pivotal role in reprogramming cells into stem cells and promoting their conversion into shoot meristems through WUSCHEL (WUS). Additionally, cell and tissue mechanics, including cell wall modifications and mechanical stress, critically contribute to de novo shoot organogenesis by regulating polar auxin transport. Furthermore, light signaling emerges as a key regulator of plant regeneration, directly influencing expression of meristem genes and potentially influencing aforementioned pathways as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetkin Çaka Ince
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan.
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.
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20
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Song X, Guo P, Xia K, Wang M, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhang J, Xu M, Liu N, Yue Z, Xu X, Gu Y, Li G, Liu M, Fang L, Deng XW, Li B. Spatial transcriptomics reveals light-induced chlorenchyma cells involved in promoting shoot regeneration in tomato callus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310163120. [PMID: 37703282 PMCID: PMC10515167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310163120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Callus is a reprogrammed cell mass involved in plant regeneration and gene transformation in crop engineering. Pluripotent callus cells develop into fertile shoots through shoot regeneration. The molecular basis of the shoot regeneration process in crop callus remains largely elusive. This study pioneers the exploration of the spatial transcriptome of tomato callus during shoot regeneration. The findings reveal the presence of highly heterogeneous cell populations within the callus, including epidermis, vascular tissue, shoot primordia, inner callus, and outgrowth shoots. By characterizing the spatially resolved molecular features of shoot primordia and surrounding cells, specific factors essential for shoot primordia formation are identified. Notably, chlorenchyma cells, enriched in photosynthesis-related processes, play a crucial role in promoting shoot primordia formation and subsequent shoot regeneration. Light is shown to promote shoot regeneration by inducing chlorenchyma cell development and coordinating sugar signaling. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of shoot regeneration in tomato callus and demonstrate the immense potential of spatial transcriptomics in plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehai Song
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Pengru Guo
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Beijing102601, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Shenzhen518083, China
| | - Keke Xia
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Shenzhen518083, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Lichuan Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Shenzhen518083, China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Beijing102601, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Shenzhen518083, China
| | - Naixu Liu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Zhiliang Yue
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Shenzhen518083, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Beijing Genomics Institute Research, Shenzhen518083, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong271018, China
| | - Min Liu
- Baimaike Intelligent Manufacturing, Qingdao, Shandong266500, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518005, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
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21
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Šmeringai J, Schrumpfová PP, Pernisová M. Cytokinins - regulators of de novo shoot organogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239133. [PMID: 37662179 PMCID: PMC10471832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants, unlike animals, possess a unique developmental plasticity, that allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions. A fundamental aspect of this plasticity is their ability to undergo postembryonic de novo organogenesis. This requires the presence of regulators that trigger and mediate specific spatiotemporal changes in developmental programs. The phytohormone cytokinin has been known as a principal regulator of plant development for more than six decades. In de novo shoot organogenesis and in vitro shoot regeneration, cytokinins are the prime candidates for the signal that determines shoot identity. Both processes of de novo shoot apical meristem development are accompanied by changes in gene expression, cell fate reprogramming, and the switching-on of the shoot-specific homeodomain regulator, WUSCHEL. Current understanding about the role of cytokinins in the shoot regeneration will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Šmeringai
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Procházková Schrumpfová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Markéta Pernisová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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22
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Hartman KS, Muroyama A. Polarizing to the challenge: New insights into polarity-mediated division orientation in plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102383. [PMID: 37285693 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Land plants depend on oriented cell divisions that specify cell identities and tissue architecture. As such, the initiation and subsequent growth of plant organs require pathways that integrate diverse systemic signals to inform division orientation. Cell polarity is one solution to this challenge, allowing cells to generate internal asymmetry both spontaneously and in response to extrinsic cues. Here, we provide an update on our understanding of how plasma membrane-associated polarity domains control division orientation in plant cells. These cortical polar domains are flexible protein platforms whose positions, dynamics, and recruited effectors can be modulated by varied signals to control cellular behavior. Several recent reviews have explored the formation and maintenance of polar domains during plant development [1-4], so we focus here on substantial advances in our understanding of polarity-mediated division orientation from the last five years to provide a current snapshot of the field and highlight areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensington S Hartman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew Muroyama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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23
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Ogura N, Sasagawa Y, Ito T, Tameshige T, Kawai S, Sano M, Doll Y, Iwase A, Kawamura A, Suzuki T, Nikaido I, Sugimoto K, Ikeuchi M. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 13 suppresses de novo shoot regeneration via cell fate control of pluripotent callus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6983. [PMID: 37418524 PMCID: PMC10328406 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants can regenerate their bodies via de novo establishment of shoot apical meristems (SAMs) from pluripotent callus. Only a small fraction of callus cells is eventually specified into SAMs but the molecular mechanisms underlying fate specification remain obscure. The expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) is an early hallmark of SAM fate acquisition. Here, we show that a WUS paralog, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 13 (WOX13), negatively regulates SAM formation from callus in Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX13 promotes non-meristematic cell fate via transcriptional repression of WUS and other SAM regulators and activation of cell wall modifiers. Our Quartz-Seq2-based single cell transcriptome revealed that WOX13 plays key roles in determining cellular identity of callus cell population. We propose that reciprocal inhibition between WUS and WOX13 mediates critical cell fate determination in pluripotent cell population, which has a major impact on regeneration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Ogura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasagawa
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Division of Medical Genomics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Toshiaki Tameshige
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Satomi Kawai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yuki Doll
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Division of Medical Genomics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 119-0033, Japan
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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24
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Ouedraogo I, Lartaud M, Baroux C, Mosca G, Delgado L, Leblanc O, Verdeil JL, Conéjéro G, Autran D. 3D cellular morphometrics of ovule primordium development in Zea mays reveal differential division and growth dynamics specifying megaspore mother cell singleness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174171. [PMID: 37251753 PMCID: PMC10213557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Differentiation of spore mother cells marks the somatic-to-reproductive transition in higher plants. Spore mother cells are critical for fitness because they differentiate into gametes, leading to fertilization and seed formation. The female spore mother cell is called the megaspore mother cell (MMC) and is specified in the ovule primordium. The number of MMCs varies by species and genetic background, but in most cases, only a single mature MMC enters meiosis to form the embryo sac. Multiple candidate MMC precursor cells have been identified in both rice and Arabidopsis, so variability in MMC number is likely due to conserved early morphogenetic events. In Arabidopsis, the restriction of a single MMC per ovule, or MMC singleness, is determined by ovule geometry. To look for potential conservation of MMC ontogeny and specification mechanisms, we undertook a morphogenetic description of ovule primordium growth at cellular resolution in the model crop maize. Methods We generated a collection of 48 three-dimensional (3D) ovule primordium images for five developmental stages, annotated for 11 cell types. Quantitative analysis of ovule and cell morphological descriptors allowed the reconstruction of a plausible developmental trajectory of the MMC and its neighbors. Results The MMC is specified within a niche of enlarged, homogenous L2 cells, forming a pool of candidate archesporial (MMC progenitor) cells. A prevalent periclinal division of the uppermost central archesporial cell formed the apical MMC and the underlying cell, a presumptive stack cell. The MMC stopped dividing and expanded, acquiring an anisotropic, trapezoidal shape. By contrast, periclinal divisions continued in L2 neighbor cells, resulting in a single central MMC. Discussion We propose a model where anisotropic ovule growth in maize drives L2 divisions and MMC elongation, coupling ovule geometry with MMC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Ouedraogo
- DIADE, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lartaud
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Célia Baroux
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Mosca
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Leblanc
- DIADE, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Conéjéro
- IPSIM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Daphné Autran
- DIADE, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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25
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Yang H, Li Y, Qiao Y, Sun H, Liu W, Qiao W, Li W, Liu M, Dong B. Low light stress promotes new tiller regeneration by changing source-sink relationship and activating expression of expansin genes in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1562-1581. [PMID: 36695201 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low light stress seriously decreased wheat grain number through the formation of aborted spike during the reproductive period and induced new tiller regeneration to offset the loss of grain number. However, the mechanism by which plants coordinate spike aborted growth and the regeneration of new tillers remains unknown. To better understand this coordinated process, morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were performed under low light stress at the young microspore stage. Our findings indicated that leaves exhausted most stored carbohydrates in 1 day of darkness. However, spike and uppermost internode (UI) were converted from sink to source, due to increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased cytokinin content. During this process, genes encoding amylases, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) and sucrose transporters or sucrose carriers (SUT/SUC) were upregulated in spike and UI, which degraded starch into soluble sugars and loaded them into the phloem. Subsequently, soluble sugars were transported to tiller node (TN) where cytokinin and auxin content increased and ABA content decreased, followed by unloading into TN cells by upregulated cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes and highly expressed H+ /hexose symporter genes. Finally, expansin genes integrated the sugar pathway and hormone pathway, and regulate the formation of new tillers directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baodi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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26
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Koyama T. Regulatory Mechanisms of Transcription Factors in Plant Morphology and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087039. [PMID: 37108201 PMCID: PMC10138701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants develop organs such as flowers and leaves with different morphologies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotsugu Koyama
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Seikacho, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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27
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Mathew MM, Shanmukhan AP, Varapparambath V, Prasad K. Protocol for real-time imaging, polar protein quantification, and targeted laser ablation of regenerating shoot progenitors in Arabidopsis. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102184. [PMID: 36952331 PMCID: PMC10064272 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide a protocol for real-time tracking of regenerating shoot progenitors, combined with polar protein quantification and targeted laser ablation of callus cells in Arabidopsis. Using Arabidopsis strains expressing GFP-labeled polar auxin efflux carrier, PINFORMED 1 (PIN1) protein, we detail steps to prepare the callus for time-lapse confocal imaging and track the progenitors expressing PIN1-GFP, followed by mapping and quantifying PIN1 polarity using Fiji/ImageJ. We then describe targeted laser ablation of cells and subsequent time-lapse imaging to study regeneration. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Varapparambath et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Maria Mathew
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Anju Pallipurath Shanmukhan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Vijina Varapparambath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Kalika Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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28
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Lüth VM, Rempfer C, van Gessel N, Herzog O, Hanser M, Braun M, Decker EL, Reski R. A Physcomitrella PIN protein acts in spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2118-2135. [PMID: 36696950 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The auxin efflux PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins are conserved in all land plants and important players in plant development. In the moss Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), three canonical PINs (PpPINA-C) are expressed in the leafy shoot (gametophore). PpPINA and PpPINB show functional activity in vegetative growth and sporophyte development. Here, we examined the role of PpPINC in the life cycle of Physcomitrella. We established reporter and knockout lines for PpPINC and analysed vegetative and reproductive tissues using microscopy and transcriptomic sequencing of moss gametangia. PpPINC is expressed in immature leaves, mature gametangia and during sporophyte development. The sperm cells (spermatozoids) of pinC knockout mutants exhibit increased motility and an altered flagella phenotype. Furthermore, the pinC mutants have a higher portion of differentially expressed genes related to spermatogenesis, increased fertility and an increased abortion rate of premeiotic sporophytes. Here, we show that PpPINC is important for spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention. We propose an evolutionary conserved way of polar growth during early moss embryo development and sporophyte attachment to the gametophore while suggesting the mechanical function in sporophyte retention of a ring structure, the Lorch ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Lüth
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Rempfer
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico van Gessel
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Herzog
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Hanser
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marion Braun
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva L Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Liang Y, Heyman J, Lu R, De Veylder L. Evolution of wound-activated regeneration pathways in the plant kingdom. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151291. [PMID: 36709604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration serves as a self-protective mechanism that allows a tissue or organ to recover its entire form and function after suffering damage. However, the regenerative capacity varies greatly within the plant kingdom. Primitive plants frequently display an amazing regenerative ability as they have developed a complex system and strategy for long-term survival under extreme stress conditions. The regenerative ability of dicot species is highly variable, but that of monocots often exhibits extreme recalcitrance to tissue replenishment. Recent studies have revealed key factors and signals that affect cell fate during plant regeneration, some of which are conserved among the plant lineage. Among these, several members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors have been implicated in wound signaling, playing crucial roles in the regenerative mechanisms after different types of wounding. An understanding of plant regeneration may ultimately lead to an increased regenerative potential of recalcitrant species, producing more high-yielding, multi-resistant and environmentally friendly crops and ensuring the long-term development of global agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanke Liang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.
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30
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Matsunaga S. Transcription factors linking the perception of mechanical stress at the cell wall with the responsive gene network. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1662-1663. [PMID: 36229997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
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31
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Hamant O. Shoot meristem progenitors emerge from mechanical heterogeneities. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2043-2044. [PMID: 36099906 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Varapparambath et al. identify a new module that is instrumental for the selection of meristem progenitor cells in undifferentiated tissues. This module is triggered by mechanical feedback, and it integrates extracellular matrix modification, polar hormone transport, and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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