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Sato K, Hara-Chikuma M, Yasui M, Inoue J, Kim YG. Sufficient water intake maintains the gut microbiota and immune homeostasis and promotes pathogen elimination. iScience 2024; 27:109903. [PMID: 38799550 PMCID: PMC11126815 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Water is the most abundant substance in the human body and plays a pivotal role in various bodily functions. While underhydration is associated with the incidence of certain diseases, the specific role of water in gut function remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that water restriction disrupts gut homeostasis, which is accompanied by a bloom of gut microbes and decreased numbers of immune cells, especially Th17 cells, within the colon. These microbial and immunological changes in the gut are associated with an impaired ability to eliminate the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Moreover, aquaporin 3, a water channel protein, is required for the maintenance of Th17 cell function and differentiation. Taken together, adequate water intake is critical for maintaining bacterial and immunological homeostasis in the gut, thereby enhancing host defenses against enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sato
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Joe Inoue
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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2
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Lee JH, Kim GB, Han K, Jung EJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharide in the treatment of functional constipation: randomized clinical trial. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38787732 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in treating functional constipation were evaluated in a four-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 63 patients who met Rome IV criteria (34 GOS, 29 placebo group). The number of bowel movements per day and changes in the shape of bowel movements in the treatment group significantly improved compared to those in the control group after four weeks. The Patient Assessment Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire showed that satisfaction with constipation significantly increased in the treatment group. The levels of Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. significantly increased after four weeks of GOS treatment compared to those measured at baseline. No significant adverse drug reactions were identified in any indicator except for pulse rate. Thus, the prebiotic GOS can be safely used in foods and pharmaceuticals to alleviate symptoms of functional constipation by improving the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoo Han
- NeoCremar Co. Ltd, Seoul 05702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Huang YP, Shi JY, Luo XT, Luo SC, Cheung PCK, Corke H, Yang QQ, Zhang BB. How do probiotics alleviate constipation? A narrative review of mechanisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38710624 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2336531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal condition, which may occur at any age and affects countless people. The search for new treatments for constipation is ongoing as current drug treatments fail to provide fully satisfactory results. In recent years, probiotics have attracted much attention because of their demonstrated therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects than pharmaceutical products. Many studies attempted to answer the question of how probiotics can alleviate constipation. It has been shown that different probiotic strains can alleviate constipation by different mechanisms. The mechanisms on probiotics in relieving constipation were associated with various aspects, including regulation of the gut microbiota composition, the level of short-chain fatty acids, aquaporin expression levels, neurotransmitters and hormone levels, inflammation, the intestinal environmental metabolic status, neurotrophic factor levels and the body's antioxidant levels. This paper summarizes the perception of the mechanisms on probiotics in relieving constipation and provides some suggestions on new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Yan Shi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Chen Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, P.R. China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, P.R. China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
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4
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Li H, Ji Y, Luo H, Huizinga JD, Chen J. Ingesting yeast extract causes excitation of neurogenic and myogenic colonic motor patterns in the rat. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18343. [PMID: 38760903 PMCID: PMC11101669 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods play a significant role in the human diet for their natural, highly nutritious and healthy attributes. Our aim was to study the effect of yeast extract, a fermented substance extracted from natural yeast, on colonic motility to better understand its potential therapeutic role. A yeast extract was given to rats by gavage for 3 days, and myogenic and neurogenic components of colonic motility were studied using spatiotemporal maps made from video recordings of the whole colon ex vivo. A control group received saline gavages. The yeast extract caused excitation of the musculature by increasing the propagation length and duration of long-distance contractions, the major propulsive activity of the rat colon. The yeast extract also evoked rhythmic propulsive motor complexes (RPMCs) which were antegrade in the proximal and mid-colon and retrograde in the distal colon. RPMC activity was evoked by distention-induced neural activity, but it was myogenic in nature since we showed it to be generated by bethanechol in the presence of tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, ingestion of yeast extract stimulates rat colon motility by exciting neurogenic and myogenic control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Yanzhao Ji
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System DiseasesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jan D. Huizinga
- Department of MedicineFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Ji‐Hong Chen
- Department of MedicineFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Kwiatkowska M, Gołębiewski M, Sikora M, Rycharska EŁ, Krogulska A. The oral cavity and intestinal microbiome in children with functional constipation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8283. [PMID: 38594374 PMCID: PMC11004141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a widespread problem in paediatric practice, affecting almost 30% of children. One of the key causal factors of constipation may be disturbances in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal microbiome. The aim of the study was to determine whether the oral and fecal microbiomes differ between children with and without constipation. A total of 91 children over three years of age were included in the study. Of these, 57 were qualified to a group with constipation, and 34 to a group without. The saliva and stool microbiomes were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Functional constipation was associated with characteristic bacterial taxa in the fecal microbiota. Statistically significant differences were found at the family level: Burkholderiaceae (q = 0.047), Christensenellaceae (q = 0.047), Chlostridiaceae (q = 0.047) were significantly less abundant in the constipation group, while the Tannerellaceae (q = 0.007) were more abundant. At the genus level, the significant differences were observed for rare genera, including Christensenellaceae r-7 (q = 2.88 × 10-2), Fusicatenibacter (q = 2.88 × 10-2), Parabacteroides (q = 1.63 × 10-2), Romboutsia (q = 3.19 × 10-2) and Subdoligranulum (q = 1.17 × 10-2). All of them were less abundant in children with constipation. With the exception of significant taxonomic changes affecting only feces, no differences were found in the alpha and beta diversity of feces and saliva. Children with functional constipation demonstrated significant differences in the abundance of specific bacteria in the stool microbiome compared to healthy children. It is possible that the rare genera identified in our study which were less abundant in the constipated patients (Christensellaceae r-7, Fusicatenibacter, Parabacteroides, Romboutsia and Subdoligranulum) may play a role in protection against constipation. No significant differences were observed between the two groups with regard to the saliva microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kwiatkowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
- , Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Łoś Rycharska
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Aneta Krogulska
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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Cheng S, Li B, Ding Y, Hou B, Hung W, He J, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Man C. The probiotic fermented milk of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062 and Lactobacillus gasseri JM1 alleviates constipation via improving gastrointestinal motility and gut microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1857-1876. [PMID: 37923200 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is directly related to the intestinal microenvironment, in which the promotion of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and improvement of gut microbiota distribution are important for alleviating symptoms. Herein, after the intervention of probiotic fermented milk (FMMIX) containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062 and Lactobacillus gasseri JM1 for 14 d in Kunming mice with loperamide-induced constipation, the results indicated that FMMIX significantly increased the secretion of serum motilin, gastrin and 5-hydroxytryptamine, as well as decreased the secretion of peptide YY, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and nitric oxide in mice. As determined by immunohistochemical analysis, FMMIX promoted an augmentation in the quantity of Cajal interstitial cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of c-kit and stem cell factor (SCF) were upregulated to facilitate intestinal motility. High-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography techniques revealed that FMMIX led to an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, and Akkermansia), reduced the presence of harmful bacteria (Prevotella), and resulted in elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with a superior improvement compared with unfermented milk. Untargeted metabolomics revealed significant upregulation of functional metabolites such as l-pipecolinic acid, dl-phenylalanine, and naringenin in FMMIX, presumably playing a potential role in constipation relief. Overall, our results showed that FMMIX had the potential to alleviate constipation symptoms in mice by improving the secretion of serum GI regulatory peptides and neurotransmitters, increasing the expression of c-kit and SCF proteins, and modulating the gut microbiota structure and SCFA levels, and may be associated with an increase in these functional metabolites. This suggested that FMMIX could be a promising adjunctive strategy for managing constipation symptoms and could contribute to the development of functional foods aimed at improving gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Baolei Li
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Shanghai 201111, China
| | - Yixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Baochao Hou
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Shanghai 201111, China
| | - Weilian Hung
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Shanghai 201111, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Shanghai 201111, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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7
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Chen Q, Chen D, Gao X, Jiang Y, Yu T, Jiang L, Tang Y. Association between fecal short-chain fatty acid levels and constipation severity in subjects with slow transit constipation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:394-403. [PMID: 38417059 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We measured the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in subjects with slow transit constipation (STC) and assessed the correlation between SCFA levels and disease severity as well as quality of life. METHODS We isolated the supernatant from fecal samples of healthy and STC subjects and measured the SCFA levels. To assess the correlation between fecal SCFA levels and disease severity as well as quality of life, we used the Constipation Scoring System, Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms, and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaires. RESULTS 16 STC subjects and 16 healthy controls were enrolled. STC subjects had lower SCFA levels, but the difference was not statistically significant (475.85 ± 251.68 vs. 639.77 ± 213.97 µg/ml, P = 0.056). Additionally, STC subjects had lower acetic and propionic acid levels (149.06 ± 88.54 vs. 261.33 ± 109.75 µg/ml and 100.60 ± 60.62 vs. 157.34 ± 66.37 µg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05) and higher isobutyric and isovaleric acid levels (27.21 ± 15.06 vs. 18.16 ± 8.65 µg/ml and 31.78 ± 18.81 vs. 16.90 ± 10.05 µg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05). At 252.21 µg/ml acetic acid, the specificity and sensitivity to distinguish healthy from STC subjects were 93.7% and 56.3%, respectively. In STC subjects, there were significant negative correlations between acetic and propionic acid levels and Constipation Scoring System scores. CONCLUSION Fecal SCFA, acetic acid, and propionic acid levels decreased in STC subjects. There were significant negative correlations between the levels of the two acids and constipation severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gao W, Yan Y, Guan Z, Zhang J, Chen W. Effects of Bacillus coagulans TBC169 on gut microbiota and metabolites in gynecological laparoscopy patients. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1284402. [PMID: 38596369 PMCID: PMC11002114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1284402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which Bacillus coagulans TBC169 accelerates intestinal function recovery in patients who have undergone gynecological laparoscopic surgery, using metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis. Methods A total of 20 subjects were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group (n = 10) receiving Bacillus coagulans TBC169 Tablets (6 pills, 1.05 × 108 CFU), and the control group (n = 10) receiving placebos (6 pills). After the initial postoperative defecation, fecal samples were collected from each subject to analyze their gut microbiota and metabolic profiles by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and untargeted metabonomic. Results There were no statistically significant differences observed in the α-diversity and β-diversity between the two groups; however, in the intervention group, there was a significant reduction in the relative abundance of unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae at the genus level. Furthermore, the control group showed increased levels of Holdemanella and Enterobacter, whereas the intervention group exhibited elevated levels of Intestinimonas. And administration of Bacillus coagulans TBC169 led to variations in 2 metabolic pathways: D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis. Conclusion This study demonstrated that consuming Bacillus coagulans TBC169 after gynecological laparoscopic surgery might inhibit the proliferation of harmful Enterobacteriaceae; mainly influence 2 pathways including D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis; and regulate metabolites related to immunity and intestinal motility; which can help regulate immune function, maintain intestinal balance, promote intestinal peristalsis, and thus accelerate the recovery of intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Yan
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaobo Guan
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Liu J, Wang K, Zhao L, Li Y, Li Z, Li C. Investigation of supplementation with a combination of fermented bean dregs and wheat bran for improving the growth performance of the sow. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:295-309. [PMID: 38628686 PMCID: PMC11016735 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a fermented mixture of bean dregs and wheat bran (FBW) on sow performance. FBW was given to sows during late gestation and lactation; in total, 24 sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups (control diet; 3% FBW diet; 6% FBW diet; 9% FBW diet, n = 6). The weight ratio of bean dregs (wet) to wheat bran was 4:6. Sows were fed different diets from 85 d of gestation until weaning. The results showed that supplementation with FBW increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation (p < 0.05). FBW supplementation also increased litter weight and milk yield (p < 0.05). The contents of Escherichia coli in the feces of the treatment groups were significantly reduced by FBW supplementation (p < 0.01). FBW supplementation significantly improved the fecal morphology (p < 0.05), alleviating sows' constipation. In conclusion, FBW could increase the ADFI, improve lactation and piglet litter weight in sows and reduce the pathogenic bacterial content in sow feces and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaojian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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10
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Chen C, Zhang DY, Chen S, Huang S, Zeng F, Li D, Lv YT, Xiang X, Chen RX, Zhang X, Mao F, Huang X, Wang J, Bai F. Prevalence, types, and risk factors of functional gastrointestinal diseases in Hainan Province, China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4553. [PMID: 38402323 PMCID: PMC10894239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence, types, and risk factors of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) in Hainan Province, China, in order to provide insights for future prevention and treatment strategies. A questionnaire survey was conducted from July 2022 to May 2023, using stratified sampling to sample local residents in five cities (20 townships) in Hainan Province. Out of 2057 local residents surveyed, 659 individuals (32.0%) reported experiencing at least one FGID. The most prevalent FGIDs were functional dyspepsia (FD) (10.7%), functional constipation (FC) (9.3%), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (6.8%), functional bloating (2.2%), belching disorder (2.2%), functional diarrhea (FDr) (1.5%), functional heartburn (1.5%), and fecal incontinence (0.98%). The study revealed significant associations between FGIDs and factors such as age, sleep quality, anxiety, smoking, alcohol consumption, and the consumption of pickled food (P < 0.05). Older age, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and the consumption of pickled food were identified as independent risk factors for the prevalence of FGIDs (P < 0.05). In Hainan Province, the overall prevalence of FGIDs was found to be 32.0%, with higher prevalences of FC and FD. Older age, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and the consumption of pickled food were identified as risk factors for FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Da-Ya Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Shiju Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Shimei Huang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Da Li
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yan-Ting Lv
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics Affiliated Chifeng Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, 010110, China
| | - Run-Xiang Chen
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Fengjiao Mao
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- Graduate School, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 986 Hospital of Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Feihu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Yehai Avenue, #368, Longhua District, Haikou, 570216, Hainan, China.
- The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570216, China.
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11
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Rosa D, Zablah RA, Vazquez-Frias R. Unraveling the complexity of Disorders of the Gut-Brain Interaction: the gut microbiota connection in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1283389. [PMID: 38433954 PMCID: PMC10904537 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1283389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
"Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs)," formerly referred to as "Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs)," encompass a prevalent array of chronic or recurring gastrointestinal symptoms that notably impact the quality of life for affected children and their families. Recent studies have elucidated the intricate pathophysiology of DGBIs, underscoring their correlation with gut microbiota. This review seeks to explore the present comprehension of the gut microbiota's role in DGBI development. While other factors can contribute to DGBIs, the gut microbiota prominently influences the onset and progression of these conditions. According to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, DGBI prevalence is approximately 40% worldwide. The Rome Foundation has diligently worked for nearly three decades to refine our comprehension of DGBIs. By centering on the gut microbiota, this review sheds light on potential therapeutic interventions for DGBIs, potentially enhancing the quality of life for pediatric patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Rosa
- Grupo de Investigación del Caribe y Centroamérica para la Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos, GICCAMPP, la Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Roberto Arturo Zablah
- Grupo de Investigación del Caribe y Centroamérica para la Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos, GICCAMPP, la Romana, Dominican Republic
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital de Niños “Benjamín Bloom”, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Rodrigo Vazquez-Frias
- Grupo de Investigación del Caribe y Centroamérica para la Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos, GICCAMPP, la Romana, Dominican Republic
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
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12
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Liu H, Feng X, Wang D, Liu L, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhu L, Zhang C, Yang W. Altered metabolome and microbiome features provide clues in predicting recurrence of ulcerative colitis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115864. [PMID: 38029703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many studies have shown that the imbalance of the intestinal flora and metabolite can lead to the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), but their role in recurrent-UC is still unclear. We studied the intestinal flora and metabolites associated with recurrent-UC to elucidate the mechanism and biomarkers of recurrent-UC. METHODS Ulcerative colitis (UC) models in active, remission, and recurrence stages were established, and the abundance of intestinal flora was determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing. The changes in the metabolites present in feces and serum were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS We identified 24 metabolites in feces and serum, which might be used as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of recurrent-UC. The dominant flora of recurrent-UC included Romboutsia, UCG-005, etc. The results of a network analysis found that long-chain fatty acids and phenylalanine were strongly correlated with Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, which indicated that the recurrence of UC might be closely related to metabolites and microorganisms. CONCLUSION The changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolites are closely related to the development of UC. Microbiota is an important inducer of UC, which can regulate metabolites through the 'microorganism-gut-metabolite' axis. It may provide a new method for the prediction and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Caijuan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Huang WR, Fang QH, Yu XB, Ge WH, Yu Y. The Potential Application of Aloe Barbadensis Mill. as Chinese Medicine for Constipation: Mini-Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:307-324. [PMID: 38328440 PMCID: PMC10849880 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s446563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Mill. has a long history of medicinal use in the annals of traditional Chinese medicine, wherein it has garnered considerable renown. Its multifaceted therapeutic properties, characterized by its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial attributes, alongside its established efficacy as a laxative agent, have been extensively documented. This review commences with an exploration of the nomenclature, fundamental characteristics, and principal constituents of Aloe barbadensis Mill. responsible for its laxative effects. Subsequently, we delve into an extensive examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying Aloe barbadensis Mill.'s laxative properties, types of constipation treatments, commercially available preparations, considerations pertaining to toxicity, and its clinical applications. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference point for healthcare professionals and researchers, fostering an enhanced understanding of the optimal utilization of Aloe barbadensis Mill. in the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Rui Huang
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Hui Fang
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Bin Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
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Jia ZF, Wang JL, Pan W, Hu J. Croton tiglium L. seeds ameliorate loperamide-induced constipation via regulating gastrointestinal hormones and gut microbiota before and after processing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117378. [PMID: 37923254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crotonis Fructus (CF), the seeds of Croton tiglium L., have been commonly used in the treatment of constipation for more than two thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). CF needs to be processed before clinical use and Crotonis Semen Pulveratum (CP) is the processed cream of CF, which could reduce the drastic purgative action and gastrointestinal damages. However, the mechanism of CF and CP in the treatment of constipation is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to evaluate the effects of CF and CP on loperamide-induced constipation and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical compositions of CF and CP were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Constipated mouse model was established by loperamide (9.6 mg/kg, b.w., i.g.) for two weeks. After successful modeling, the mice were treated with CF or CP (45.5 and 136.5 mg/kg, b.w., i.g.) once a day for seven days. The physiological status, defecation indices, defecation time, and intestinal propulsion rate in mice were measured. Histopathologic examination and serum biochemical parameters were further estimated. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was carried out to characterize the effects of CF and CP on intestinal microbiome structure. Spearman correlation analysis was also performed to explore the association between gut microbiotic abundance and serum indices. RESULTS The results verified the therapeutic effects of CF and CP on loperamide-induced constipation. CF and CP could significantly ameliorate the reduction of fecal number, fecal weight, fecal water content, and intestinal propulsion rate in mice with constipation, and the first stool defecation time was also obviously reduced. Moreover, CF and CP could regulate the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and inflammatory factors induced by constipation. Histopathologic examination showed that CP was superior to CF in relieving pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration. According to 16S rDNA sequencing, CF and CP treatment could improve gut microbiota disturbance in mice with constipation and the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Parabacteroides, Parasutterella and Bacillus remarkably declined, while the levels of beneficial bacterial such as Candidatus_Arthromitus significantly increased. Besides, CP may play a better role in correcting the intestinal flora disorder than CF, which was more obvious in the high-dose group. In addition, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of diterpenoids and alkaloids in CF and CP. CONCLUSIONS CF and CP could ameliorate loperamide-induced constipation by regulating gastrointestinal hormones secretion, reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improving the disturbance of gut microbiota. Moreover, CP was superior to CF in the enrichment of beneficial bacteria and reduction of harmful bacteria and histopathological damage induced by constipation, which may be related to the changes in the species and content of diterpenoids after processing. The study provides new evidence for the processing mechanism and clinical application of CF and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fei Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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15
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Ye XY, Chen JY, Wu LH, Luo DP, Ye XH, Wu LQ, He XX. Washed microbiota transplantation improves symptoms and intestinal barrier function in patients with functional bowel disorders: a propensity-score matching analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:45. [PMID: 38262980 PMCID: PMC10804514 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the intestinal microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of functional bowel disorders (FBDs). Probiotics are widely used to improve intestinal dysbacteriosis in FBDs. In the context of FBDs, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) appear to be a promising therapeutic option. We aimed to compare probiotics with WMT by using a propensity-score matching analysis (PSMA). METHODS We conducted a retrospective investigation of 103 patients with FBDs, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), functional abdominal bloating (FAB). Patients were divided into the WMT group or probiotics group (taking probiotics capsules). Data on the following parameters were matched for PSMA: age; sex; disease course; body mass index; anxiety; insomnia; tobacco smoking; alcohol consumption; and levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and lipopolysaccharide. Intestinal barrier function (IBF) and symptoms were evaluated both before and after treatment initiation. Prognostic factors were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS PSMA identified in 34 matched pairs (11 IBS, 12 FC, 7 FDr, and 4 FAB in the probiotics group and 14 IBS, 13 FC, 5 FDr, and 2 FAB in the WMT group. Improvement of FBD symptoms was greater with WMT than probiotics (P = 0.002). The WMT group had significantly fewer patients with intestinal barrier damage than the probiotics group (38.2% vs. 67.6%, P = 0.041). This improvement of FBD with WMT was further reflected as a reduction in D-lactate levels (P = 0.031). Increased D-lactate levels which were identified as a prognostic factor for FBDs (HR = 0.248, 95%CI 0.093-0.666, P = 0.006) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION WMT could improve symptoms and IBF in patients with FBDs. Increased D-lactate levels in patients with FBDs may predict a favorable response to WMT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota -Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota -Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota -Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan-Ping Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota -Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Huo Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Heyuan Health School, 517000, Heyuan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Quan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota -Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota -Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, 510030, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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16
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Yuan XY, Chen YS, Liu Z. Relationship among Parkinson's disease, constipation, microbes, and microbiological therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:225-237. [PMID: 38314132 PMCID: PMC10835526 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the complex interplay between gut microbiota and constipation in Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent non-motor symptom contributing significantly to patients' morbidity. A marked alteration in the gut microbiota, predominantly an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, is observed in PD-related constipation. Conventional treatments, although safe, have failed to effectively alleviate symptoms, thereby necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Microbiological interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) hold therapeutic potential. While prebiotics improve bowel movements, probiotics are effective in enhancing stool consistency and alleviating abdominal discomfort. FMT shows potential for significantly alleviating constipation symptoms by restoring gut microbiota balance in patients with PD. Despite promising developments, the causal relationship between changes in gut microbiota and PD-related constipation remains elusive, highlighting the need for further research in this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Sen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Ding F, Hu M, Ding Y, Meng Y, Zhao Y. Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074557. [PMID: 38238054 PMCID: PMC10806726 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to pool the efficacy in bowel movement and explore the change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipated patients after probiotics-containing products treatment. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Cochrane Library for published studies and ClinicalTrials.gov for 'grey' researches were independently investigated for randomised controlled trials up to November 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The intervention was probiotics-containing product, either probiotics or synbiotics, while the control was placebo. The risk of bias was conducted. The efficacy in bowel movement was indicated by stool frequency, stool consistency and Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom (PAC-SYM), while the change of gut microbiota was reviewed through α diversity, β diversity, change/difference in relative abundance and so on. The subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and random-effect meta-regression were conducted to explore the heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation was conducted to grade the quality of evidence. RESULTS 17 studies, comprising 1256 participants, were included with perfect agreements between two researchers (kappa statistic=0.797). Compared with placebo, probiotics-containing products significantly increased the stool frequency (weighted mean difference, WMD 0.93, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.40, p=0.000, I²=84.5%, 'low'), improved the stool consistency (WMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.70, p=0.023, I²=81.6%, 'very low') and reduced the PAC-SYM (WMD -0.28, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.11, p=0.001, I²=55.7%, 'very low'). In subgroup analysis, synbiotics was superior to probiotics to increase stool frequency. Probiotics-containing products might not affect α or β diversity, but would increase the relative abundance of specific strain. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics-containing products, significantly increased stool frequency, improved stool consistency, and alleviated functional constipation symptoms. They increased the relative abundance of specific strain. More high-quality head-to-head randomised controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyang Hu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanchao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Zhao J, Zhao C, Xun T, Wang X, Wei S, Ye C, Zhang M, Guo D, Yang X. Huang Gan Formula Alleviates Systemic Inflammation and Uremia in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Rats May Associate with Modification of Gut Microbiota and Colonic Microenvironment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:13-28. [PMID: 38205394 PMCID: PMC10777866 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s421446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of Huang Gan formula (HGF), a Chinese herbal prescription used for chronic kidney disease (CKD), on the regulation of the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment of CKD. Methods CKD rats were induced by 150 mg/kg adenine gavage for 4 weeks, then orally treated with or without 3.6 g/kg or 7.2 g/kg of HGF for 8 weeks. The renal function and structure were analyzed by biochemical detection, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, Sirius red and immunochemical staining. Average fecal weight and number in the colon were recorded to assess colonic motility. Further, the changes in the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment were evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing, RT-PCR or immunofluorescence. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, uremic toxins, and NF-κB signaling pathway were detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, chloramine-T method or Western blotting. Redundancy analysis biplot and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for correlation analysis. Results HGF significantly improved renal function and pathological injuries of CKD. HGF could improve gut microbial dysbiosis, protect colonic barrier and promote motility of colonic lumens. Further, HGF inhibited systemic inflammation through a reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and a suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway. The serum levels of the selected uremic toxins were also reduced by HGF treatment. Spearman correlation analysis suggested that high-dose HGF inhibited the overgrowth of bacteria that were positively correlated with inflammatory factors (eg, TNF-α) and uremic toxins (eg, indoxyl sulfate), whereas it promoted the proliferation of bacteria belonging to beneficial microbial groups and was positively correlated with the level of IL-10. Conclusion Our results suggest that HGF can improve adenine-induced CKD via suppressing systemic inflammation and uremia, which may associate with the regulations of the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Xun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sui Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mimi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Shen F, Wang Q, Ullah S, Pan Y, Zhao M, Wang J, Chen M, Feng F, Zhong H. Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis YJ5 modulates the gut microbiota and produces beneficial metabolites to relieve constipation by enhancing the mucosal barrier. Food Funct 2024; 15:310-325. [PMID: 38086666 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) problem affecting a large number of individuals. This study aimed to investigate peristalsis-promoting potential characteristics of Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis YJ5 and the underlying molecular mechanism. The study demonstrated the relieving effect of L. acidipiscis YJ5 on constipation in both zebrafish and mouse models. L. acidipiscis YJ5 intervention significantly increased intestinal peristalsis by reducing the peak time and increasing the fluorescence disappearance rate in the zebrafish model. In the mouse model, the symptoms of constipation relief induced by L. acidipiscis YJ5 included a shortened first black stool time, an increased number of defecation particles, an accelerated propulsion rate of the small intestine, and an increase in fecal water content. L. acidipiscis YJ5 was found to reduce the expression of colonic aquaporins to normalize the colonic water transport system of constipated mice. Additionally, L. acidipiscis YJ5 reversed loperamide-induced morphological damage in the ileum and colon and increased the colonic mucosal barrier. The results of the 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that L. acidipiscis YJ5 could reverse the structure of gut microbiota to a near-normal group, including levels of β-diversity, phylum, family, and genus. Furthermore, the fermentation supernatant of L. acidipiscis YJ5 was shown to relieve constipation, and metabolomics analysis revealed that these positive effects were related to its metabolites like malic acid and heliangin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- ZhongYuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ya Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Hangzhou Kangyuan Food Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- ZhongYuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Kubozono T, Akasaki Y, Kawasoe S, Ojima S, Yamaguchi S, Kuwahata S, Takenaka T, Maeda M, Fujiwara S, Ikeda Y, Ohishi M. Relationship between defecation status and blood pressure level or blood pressure variability. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:128-136. [PMID: 37717117 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure variability is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Defecation status has also been associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood pressure variability and defecation status. A total of 184 participants who could measure their home blood pressure for at least 8 days monthly, both at baseline and 1 year later, were included in this study. All participants had their home blood pressure measured using HEM-9700T (OMRON Healthcare). Day-to-day variability of systolic blood pressure was assessed using the coefficient of variation of home systolic blood pressure during 1 month. Data on defecation status was obtained using a questionnaire survey. Eighty-nine patients had an elevated coefficient of variation at 1 year. The proportion of participants with elevated coefficient of variation at 1 year was significantly higher in the no daily bowel movement group than in the daily bowel movement group (72% vs. 42%, P = 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis with the elevated coefficient of variation at 1 year as the objective variable and age, sex, no daily bowel movement, taking medications, including antihypertensive drugs, laxatives, and intestinal preparations, and coefficient of variation at baseline as independent variables, no daily bowel movement was independently associated with the elevated coefficient of variation at 1 year (odds ratio: 3.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.64-8.87, P = 0.0019). In conclusion, no daily bowel movement was independently associated with elevated day-to-day blood pressure variability at 1 year. Relationship between defecation status and blood pressure level or blood pressure variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Akasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shin Kawasoe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Ojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - So Kuwahata
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takenaka
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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21
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Aziz T, Hussain N, Hameed Z, Lin L. Elucidating the role of diet in maintaining gut health to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and other age-related inflammatory diseases: recent challenges and future recommendations. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2297864. [PMID: 38174551 PMCID: PMC10773664 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy balanced diet is crucial in protecting the immune system against infections and diseases. Poor diets, such as the Western diet, contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, hypertension, and obesity. Microbiota, primarily composed of different microorganisms and residing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), also play a significant role in maintaining gut health. Polyphenols and probiotics found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds promote gut health and support the growth of beneficial bacteria. Different types of diets, their categories, and their impact on health are also mentioned. The relationship between diet, gut health, and the risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases is discussed in this review article. The rationale behind the review concludes future recommendations for maintaining gut health and reducing the occurrence of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases, and other inflammatory diseases. There is also the need for standardized research methods, long-term studies, and translating scientific knowledge into practical dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nageen Hussain
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Lahore
| | - Zunaira Hameed
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Lahore
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Yang C, Hu T, Xue X, Su X, Zhang X, Fan Y, Shen X, Dong X. Multi-omics analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation's impact on functional constipation and comorbid depression and anxiety. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:389. [PMID: 38057705 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are common comorbid diseases of constipation. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) significantly relieves gastrointestinal-related symptoms, but its impact on psychiatric symptoms remains uncharted. METHODS We collected fecal and serum samples before and after FMT from 4 functional constipation patients with psychiatric symptoms and corresponding donor stool samples. We categorized the samples into two groups: before FMT (Fb) and after FMT (Fa). Parameters associated with constipation, depression, and anxiety symptoms were evaluated. Metagenomics and targeted neurotransmitter metabolomics were performed to investigate the gut microbiota and metabolites. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) biosynthesis was detected in patients' fecal supernatants exposed to the QGP-1 cell model in vitro. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that patient's constipation, depression, and anxiety were improved after FMT intervention. At the genus level, relative abundance of g_Bacteroides and g_Klebsiella decreased in the Fa group, while g_Lactobacillus, and g_Selenomonas content increased in the same group. These observations suggest a potential involvement of these genera in the pathogenesis of constipation with psychiatric symptoms. Metabolomics analysis showed that FMT intervention decreased serum 5-HT levels. Additionally, we found that species, including s_Klebsiella sp. 1_1_55, s_Odoribacter splanchnicus, and s_Ruminococcus gnavus CAG:126, were positively correlated with 5-HT levels. In contrast, s_Acetobacterium bakii, s_Enterococcus hermanniensis, s_Prevotella falsenii, s_Propionispira arboris, s_Schwartzia succinivorans, s_Selenomonas artemidis, and s_Selenomonas sp. FC4001 were negatively correlated with 5-HT levels. Furthermore, we observed that patients' fecal supernatants increased 5-HT biosynthesis in QGP-1 cells. CONCLUSION FMT can relieve patients' constipation, depression, and anxiety symptoms by reshaping gut microbiota. The 5-HT level was associated with an altered abundance of specific bacteria or metabolites. This study provides specific evidence for FMT intervention in constipation patients with psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering and Education Ministry, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tianjiao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohu Su
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medical Engineering and Education Ministry, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiushan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Peng Y, Zeng Y, Zheng T, Xie X, Wu J, Fu L, Lu F, Zhang L, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang L. Effects of Tiaopi Xiezhuo decoction on constipation and gut dysbiosis in patients with peritoneal dialysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:531-540. [PMID: 36994999 PMCID: PMC10064829 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2193595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A Chinese herbal formula, Tiaopi Xiezhuo decoction (TXD), is developed from a classical Chinese prescription Sanhuang Xiexin decoction. OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effect of TXD on gut dysbiosis, as a treatment of constipation in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical content of TXD was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A total of 29 PD patients were enrolled and treated with TXD orally (3 g crude drug/each/twice/day) for 3 months. Blood and faecal samples were collected at the beginning and end, to determine the changes in biochemical characteristics and gut microbial composition. The stool conditions were asked to be scored. Additional 30 healthy individuals were recruited as a control for the analysis of gut microbiota. RESULTS Although having no significant effects on serum biochemical characteristics, 3-month TXD intervention improved constipation in PD patients: decreased 80% abdominal distention (p < 0.01), increased 2.6-fold sloppy stools (p < 0.05) and eliminated hard stool completely (p < 0.01). The analysis of gut microbiota showed that, compared to the healthy group, the microbial richness was reduced in PD patients. After a 3-month TXD treatment, this reduced richness was raised, and Paraprevotella clara, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 2-146FA, Phascolarctobaterium succinatutens, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 2-1-58FAA, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Prevotella copri were accumulated in the intestinal flora. Furthermore, the bacterial species enriched by TXD correlated with the improvement of constipation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS TXD treatment may improve constipation by modulating gut dysbiosis in PD patients. These findings provide data to support the further application of TXD in the adjuvant treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lizhe Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - La Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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24
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Wen Y, Zhan Y, Tang S, Liu F, Wu R, Kong P, Li Q, Tang X. Zhizhu decoction alleviates slow transit constipation by regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor through gut microbiota. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:111-124. [PMID: 36562308 PMCID: PMC9793913 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2157020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Slow transit constipation (STC), the most common type of constipation, seriously affects the life of patients. Zhizhu decoction (ZZD), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has is effective against functional constipation, but the mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This research explores the mechanism of ZZD on STC from the perspective of metabolomics and gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 9): control (control); STC (model); positive control (positive); low-dose (5 g/kg; L-ZZD), medium-dose (10 g/kg; M-ZZD), and high-dose (20 g/kg; H-ZZD) ZZD treatment. Following treatment of mice with ZZD for two weeks, the changes in intestinal motility, colon histology, intestinal neurotransmitters, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway determined the effects of ZZD on the pathophysiology of STC. LC-MS targeting serum metabolomics was used to analyze the regulation of ZZD on neurotransmitters, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the regulation of the gut microbiome. RESULTS ZZD had the highest content of naringin (6348.1 mg/L), and could significantly increase the 24 h defecations (1.10- to 1.42-fold), fecal moisture (1.14-fold) and intestinal transport rate (1.28-fold) of STC mice, increased the thickness of the mucosal and muscular tissue (1.18- to 2.16-fold) and regulated the neurotransmitters in the colon of STC mice. Moreover, ZZD significantly activated the AHR signaling pathway, and also affected the composition of gut microbiota in STC mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effect and the possible mechanism of ZZD on STC could provide a theoretical basis for the broader clinical application of ZZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Kong
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuegui Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Essmat N, Karádi DÁ, Zádor F, Király K, Fürst S, Al-Khrasani M. Insights into the Current and Possible Future Use of Opioid Antagonists in Relation to Opioid-Induced Constipation and Dysbiosis. Molecules 2023; 28:7766. [PMID: 38067494 PMCID: PMC10708112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptor agonists, particularly those that activate µ-opioid receptors (MORs), are essential analgesic agents for acute or chronic mild to severe pain treatment. However, their use has raised concerns including, among others, intestinal dysbiosis. In addition, growing data on constipation-evoked intestinal dysbiosis have been reported. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) creates an obstacle to continuing treatment with opioid analgesics. When non-opioid therapies fail to overcome the OIC, opioid antagonists with peripheral, fast first-pass metabolism, and gastrointestinal localized effects remain the drug of choice for OIC, which are discussed here. At first glance, their use seems to only be restricted to constipation, however, recent data on OIC-related dysbiosis and its contribution to the appearance of several opioid side effects has garnered a great of attention from researchers. Peripheral MORs have also been considered as a future target for opioid analgesics with limited central side effects. The properties of MOR antagonists counteracting OIC, and with limited influence on central and possibly peripheral MOR-mediated antinociception, will be highlighted. A new concept is also proposed for developing gut-selective MOR antagonists to treat or restore OIC while keeping peripheral antinociception unaffected. The impact of opioid antagonists on OIC in relation to changes in the gut microbiome is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Essmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (D.Á.K.); (F.Z.); (K.K.); (S.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Dávid Árpád Karádi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (D.Á.K.); (F.Z.); (K.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (D.Á.K.); (F.Z.); (K.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (D.Á.K.); (F.Z.); (K.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Susanna Fürst
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (D.Á.K.); (F.Z.); (K.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (D.Á.K.); (F.Z.); (K.K.); (S.F.)
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26
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Zhang T, Liu W, Lu H, Cheng T, Wang L, Wang G, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactic acid bacteria in relieving constipation: mechanism, clinical application, challenge, and opportunity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37971876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2278155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal symptom that can considerably affect a patients' quality of life. Although several drugs have been used to treat constipation, they are associated with high costs, side effects, and low universality. Therefore, alternative intervention strategies are urgently needed. Traditional lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, play a vital role in regulating intestinal microecology and have demonstrated favorable effects in constipation; however, a comprehensive review of their constipation relief mechanisms is limited. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of constipation and the relationship between intestinal motility and gut microbiota, elucidates the possible mechanism by which LAB alleviates of constipation through a systematic summary of animal and clinical research, and highlights the challenges and applications of LAB in the treatment of constipation. Our review can improve our understanding of constipation, and advance targeted microecological therapeutic agents, such as LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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27
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Luo M, Xie P, Deng X, Fan J, Xiong L. Rifaximin Ameliorates Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rats through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites. Nutrients 2023; 15:4502. [PMID: 37960154 PMCID: PMC10648458 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to the development of functional constipation, and regulating the gut microbiota can improve constipation. Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed antibiotic beneficial for regulating gut microbiota, but few studies have reported its effects on constipation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rifaximin on loperamide-induced constipation in SD rats. The results showed that rifaximin improved constipation by increasing serum 5-HT, SP, and the mRNA expression of AQP3, AQP8, and reducing the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, rifaximin could regulate the gut microbiota of constipated rats, such as increasing the potentially beneficial bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus murinus, reducing the Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. According to metabolomics analysis, many serum metabolites, including bile acids and steroids, were changed in constipated rats and were recovered via rifaximin intervention. In conclusion, rifaximin might improve loperamide-induced constipation in rats by increasing serum excitatory neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, modulating water metabolism, and facilitating intestinal inflammation. Muti-Omics analysis results showed that rifaximin has beneficial regulatory effects on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in constipated rats, which might play critical roles in alleviating constipation. This study suggests that rifaximin might be a potential strategy for treating constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lishou Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.L.); (P.X.); (X.D.); (J.F.)
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28
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Lee MH, Wu MC, Wang YH, Wei JCC. Maternal constipation is associated with allergic rhinitis in the offspring: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292594. [PMID: 37797074 PMCID: PMC10553815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common atopic disease worldwide, and it was found that babies with constipation in their early life might have an increased risk of atopic diseases, including AR. Furthermore, recent studies also indicate that the maternal gut microbiota may influence babies. Thus, we extended the definition of early life in utero and evaluated the association between maternal constipation and the risk of AR in their babies. Using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, a subset of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 102,820 constipated mothers and 102,820 matched controls between 2005 and 2015. Propensity score analysis was used to match birth year, child sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotics taken. Multiple Cox regression and subgroup analyzes were conducted to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of childhood AR. The incidence of childhood AR was 83.47 per 1,000 person-years in constipated mothers. Adjusting children's sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotic use, the results showed that the children whose mothers had constipation had a 1.20-fold risk of AR compared to children of mothers without constipation. Maternal constipation was associated with an increased risk of AR. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to pregnant mothers with constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Children’s Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate, Medicine College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Zhang K, Liu H, Liu P, Feng Q, Gan L, Yao L, Huang G, Fang Z, Chen T, Fang N. Positive efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MH-301 as a postoperative adjunct to endoscopic sclerotherapy for internal hemorrhoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:8521-8532. [PMID: 37655699 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic sclerotherapy is a widely used minimally invasive procedure for internal hemorrhoids, yet postoperative symptoms remain a concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the postoperative adjuvant efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Method: In this study, patients (≥18 years) with internal hemorrhoids that conformed to Goligher's classification of grade I-III received administration of L. plantarum MH-301 for 4 weeks following endoscopic sclerotherapy. The primary clinical endpoint in this study was the improvement rate, which was defined as the percentage of patients whose n-HDSS score decreased to 0 following the procedure. Stools were collected for high-throughput sequencing analysis post operation. Result: A total of 103 participants (51 in the LP group and 52 in the C group) were recruited, with 96 completing the entire trial (49 in the LP group and 47 in the C group). The primary clinical endpoint showed a higher improvement rate in the LP group (87.8% vs. 70.2%, P = 0.045). High-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that the LP group had a greater diversity of intestinal microbiota and a higher relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, and Lactobacillus. No significant difference in postoperative complications and adverse events was found. Conclusion: This paper concludes that the administration of L. plantarum MH-301 after endoscopic sclerotherapy can further increase the efficacy of the procedure and improve bowel movements. Regulation of intestinal microbiota may be the potential mechanism for the efficacy of L. plantarum MH-301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhang
- Third Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Third Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lihong Gan
- Third Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Gen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ziling Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330036, China.
| | - Nian Fang
- Third Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Nanchang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Zhao T, Lu J, Qin J, Chen Y, Shi Z, Wei W, Xiong P, Ma D, Song X. Altered intestinal barrier contributes to cognitive impairment in old mice with constipation after sevoflurane anesthesia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1117028. [PMID: 37771755 PMCID: PMC10523324 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1117028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly patients have a high risk of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Gastrointestinal disorders, such as constipation, in the elderly population may be involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders by promoting inflammatory responses due to a 'leaky gut'. General anesthetic sevoflurane may impair gastrointestinal function in elderly patients to trigger neurological complications following surgery. Therefore, we hypothesized that elderly individuals with gastrointestinal dysfunction may be more vulnerable to sevoflurane and consequently develop POCD. Methods Aged mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (CTRL), CTRL+sevoflurane (Sev), slow transit constipation (STC), and STC + Sev. Mice in the STC and STC + Sev groups were intra-gastrically administrated loperamide (3 mg/kg, twice a day for 7 days) to induce a slow transit constipation (STC) model determined with fecal water content and the time of first white fecal pellet, whereas mice in the other groups received the similar volume of saline. One week later, mice in the CTRL+Sev group and STC + Sev group received 2% sevoflurane for 2 h. The gut permeability evaluated with 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, serum cytokines, microglia density, TLR4/NF-κB signaling expression, and POCD-like behavioral changes were determined accordingly. Results The loperamide-induced STC mice had decreased fecal water content and prolonged time of first white fecal pellet. Sevoflurane exposure caused significantly increased gut permeability and serum cytokines, as well as the activation of microglia and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex of the aged STC mice. Sevoflurane also caused cognitive impairment and emotional phenotype abnormality in aged STC mice. Conclusion Aged STC mice were more vulnerable to sevoflurane anesthesia and consequently developed POCD-like behavioral changes. Our data suggest that gastrointestinal disorders including constipation may contribute to the development of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingrong Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Watanabe M, Maruo T, Suzuki T. Effects of intake of Lactococcus cremoris subsp. cremoris FC on constipation symptoms and immune system in healthy participants with mild constipation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:695-706. [PMID: 37464459 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2236805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Lactococcus cremoris subsp. cremoris FC (FC) on constipation symptoms and the immune system in healthy participants with mild constipation. Eighty-three participants were randomised into four groups with different doses: 50, 75, and 100 mg of freeze-dried FC (test) or corn starch (placebo). Defaecation frequency significantly increased in all test groups compared to the placebo group. Stool appearance and volume were improved considerably within the groups administered 50 mg and 75 mg of FC. The abundances of total bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus group in the faeces showed increasing trends in the test groups. Regarding immunological parameters, the naive T cell counts in the blood were significantly higher at a dose of 75 mg of FC in the test group than in the placebo group. These results suggest that FC intake improves defaecation and some immunological parameters, especially naive T cell counts, in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshinari Maruo
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshio Suzuki
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1218909. [PMID: 37720380 PMCID: PMC10502344 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1218909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on existing systematic reviews and meta-analyse we conducted this comprehensive review to evaluate the quality, effectiveness, and bias of evidence regarding the relationship between probiotic intake and improved constipation outcomes in children. A total of nine meta-analyses and systematic reviews were extracted from 628 articles, summarizing seven effectiveness indicators and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of constipation. According to the results, our study revealed that the intake of probiotics in children with FC significantly improved treatment success rate and defecation frequency, while decreased the recurrence rate of constipation. However, no significant association was detected between probiotics intake and frequency of abdominal pain, stool consistency, frequency of defecation pain, frequency of fecal incontinence of children with FC. The intake of probiotics did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions and demonstrated good safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengjun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Huang Y, Guo Y, Li X, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Song L, Ren Z. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GUANKE on Diphenoxylate-Induced Slow Transit Constipation and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3741. [PMID: 37686774 PMCID: PMC10490327 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition with slow transit, and some probiotics can effectively relieve constipation, but the exact mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we evaluate the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GUANKE (GUANKE) on diphenoxylate-induced slow transit constipation and speculate on the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Administration of L. plantarum GUANKE alleviated constipation indexes, including defecation time, fecal output and water content, and gastrointestinal transit ratio. In addition, GUANKE restored the protein expression of constipation-related intestinal factors (aquaporins (AQPs) and interstitial Cajal cells (ICCs)) in colon tissues measured using immunofluorescence staining; regulated the neurotransmitters and hormones, such as increased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P, and motilin; and decreased levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide in serum, as measured by an ELISA. 16S rRNA and correlation analysis of feces indicated that GUANKE administration effectively reduced constipation-induced Prevotella enrichment and suggested a potential contribution of Prevotella to diphenoxylate-induced STC in mice. GUANKE had no effect on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum content. This study revealed that GUANKE may alleviate constipation in mice through regulating intestinal neurotransmitter and hormone release and altering specific bacterial taxa, rather than by affecting SCFAs and the diversity of microbiota in the gut. Further research is needed to confirm if the findings observed in this study will be consistent in other animal studies or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liqiong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhihong Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
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Peng Y, Ma Y, Luo Z, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Yu R. Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1254198. [PMID: 37662007 PMCID: PMC10471993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1254198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Digestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is considered as a new potential economical therapy for its probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal system. We have provided an overview of the researches supporting various L. reuteri strains' application in treating common digestive system diseases, including infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, functional abdominal pain, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases. Methods The summarized literature in this review was derived from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results The therapeutic effects of L. reuteri in digestive system diseases may depend on various direct and indirect mechanisms, including metabolite production as well as modulation of the intestinal microbiome, preservation of the gut barrier function, and regulation of the host immune system. These actions are largely strain-specific and depend on the activation or inhibition of various certain signal pathways. It is well evidenced that L. reuteri can be effective both as a prophylactic measure and as a preferred therapy for infantile colic, and it can also be recommended as an adjuvant strategy to diarrhea, constipation, Helicobacter pylori infection in therapeutic settings. While preclinical studies have shown the probiotic potential of L. reuteri in the management of functional abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases, its application in these disease settings still needs further study. Conclusion This review focuses on the probiotic effects of L. reuteri on gut homeostasis via certain signaling pathways, and emphasizes the importance of these probiotics as a prospective treatment against several digestive system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Department of Pediatric, Jiangyin People’s Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Kim NY, Kim KA, Yang HJ, Jeong SJ, Han A, Cha YS. Comparison of the laxative effects of Korean Gochujang containing different microbiota on loperamide-induced constipation in ICR mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:7615-7630. [PMID: 37534420 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of constipation, one of the common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, has been gradually increasing. Gochujang, a traditional Korean fermented paste, has various microbiota and exerts diverse health beneficial effects. However, the ameliorative effect of Gochujang on constipation is unexplored. Seven-week-old ICR mice were divided into five groups: the normal group, the loperamide (LOP) group, the LOP + mosapride citrate (3 mg per kg BW, MOSA) treated group, the LOP + BMG Gochujang (2 g per kg BW) group, and the LOP + VMG Gochujang (2 g per kg BW) group. Gochujang alleviated constipation by increasing defecation frequency and water content in feces by reducing AQP3 mRNA expression. Additionally, Gochujang increased GI transit time and excitatory neurotransmitter levels and decreased inhibitory neurotransmitter levels. Moreover, Gochujang reduced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and increased the c-Kit/SCF signaling pathway, suggesting that Gochujang regulates the enteric nervous system (ENS). Interestingly, BMG and VMG differently influenced the gut microbiota composition. Both Gochujang groups significantly decreased the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes ratio compared to the LOP group. However, among Firmicutes genera, Acetatifactor was only reduced in BMG, and VMG only decreased Caproiciproducens and Acutalibacter. In summary, Gochujang effectively alleviated LOP-induced constipation outcomes regardless of their different microbial communities by ameliorating GI motility and changing the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, 56048, Korea
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, 56048, Korea
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Recharla N, Choi J, Puligundla P, Park SJ, Lee HJ. Impact of probiotics on cognition and constipation in the elderly: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18306. [PMID: 37539311 PMCID: PMC10395539 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline and constipation are common complications in the elderly. Probiotics are potential therapeutic agents to ameliorate cognitive impairment through gut-brain axis. Several clinical studies have investigated the beneficial effects of probiotics on cognitive impairment and constipation in elderly. However, a quantitative meta-analysis is required to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on cognitive function and constipation. Thirteen clinical studies were included in this meta-analysis. We examined the risk of bias assessment and heterogeneity of eight studies for cognition and five studies for constipation, followed by group and subgroup meta-analyses using a random-effects model to evaluate the potential of probiotic supplements on cognition function and constipation in aged people. The results of the pooled meta-analysis revealed that probiotic supplementation did not improve the cognitive rating scale assessment for all studies (estimate = 0.13; 95%CI [-0.18, 0.43]; p = 0.41; I2 = 83.51%). However, subgroup analysis of single strain supplementation showed improved cognitive function in elderly people (estimate = 0.35; 95%CI [0.02, 0.69]; p = 0.039; I2 = 19.19%) compared to multiple strains. Probiotics also enhanced defecation frequency in constipated patients (estimate = 0.27; 95%CI [0.05, 0.5]; p = 0.019; I2 = 67.37%). Furthermore, probiotic supplementation resulted in higher fecal Lactobacillus counts than placebo (estimate = 0.37; 95%CI [0.05, 0.69]; p = 0.026; I2 = 21.3%). Subgroup analysis indicated that a probiotic intervention period of ≥4 weeks was more effective (estimate = 0.35; 95%CI [0.01, 0.68]; p = 0.044; I2 = 0%) in reducing constipation symptoms than a short intervention duration. Based on these results, probiotic supplementation could be a potential intervention to reduce constipation symptoms in the elderly population. The heterogeneity between studies is high, and limited trials are available to evaluate the cognitive function of aged individuals using probiotics. Therefore, further studies are required to determine the effect of probiotics on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Recharla
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Choi
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Puligundla
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Joo Park
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
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Hayeeawaema F, Muangnil P, Jiangsakul J, Tipbunjong C, Huipao N, Khuituan P. A novel model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice: The gut-kidney axis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103660. [PMID: 37213695 PMCID: PMC10193294 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although constipation is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is no animal model that can be used to study the association between renal impairment and gastrointestinal function without interfering with the gastrointestinal tract of the model. Therefore, we determined whether adenine could induce CKD in association with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Six-week-old ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline, 25, 50, or 75 mg adenine/kg body weight for 21 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine, and renal histopathology were evaluated. Defecation status was evaluated from defecation frequency and fecal water content. Colonic smooth muscle contraction was measured by the organ bath technique, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using an Ussing chamber. In the 50 mg/kg treatment group, BUN and creatinine were significantly increased compared with control, and inflammatory cell infiltration, glomerular necrosis, tubular dilatation, and interstitial fibrosis were observed in renal tissues. Mice in this group also showed a significant decrease in defecation frequency, fecal water content, colonic motility index, and TEER. Overall, 50 mg/kg of adenine was the best dose to induce CKD with associated constipation and intestinal barrier impairment. Therefore, this adenine administration model can be recommended for CKD-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fittree Hayeeawaema
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Paradorn Muangnil
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | | | - Chittipong Tipbunjong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nawiya Huipao
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pissared Khuituan
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Wang LW, Ruan H, Wang BM, Qin Y, Zhong WL. Microbiota regulation in constipation and colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:776-786. [PMID: 37275451 PMCID: PMC10237018 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of constipation to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently a controversial issue. Studies have shown that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, a condition known as ecological imbalance, are correlated with an increasing number of common human diseases, including CRC and constipation. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and constipation has been receiving widespread attention as a risk factor for CRC. Early colonoscopy screening of constipated patients, with regular follow-ups and timely intervention, can help detect early intestinal lesions and reduce the risks of developing colorectal polyps and CRC. As an important regulator of the intestinal microenvironment, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the onset and progression of CRC. An increasing amount of evidence supports the thought that gut microbial composition and function are key determinants of CRC development and progression, with alterations inducing changes in the expression of host genes, metabolic regulation, and local and systemic immunological responses. Furthermore, constipation greatly affects the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn influences the susceptibility to intestinal diseases such as CRC. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota, constipation, and CRC is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Sasso JM, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut Microbiome-Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1717-1763. [PMID: 37156006 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome-brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome-brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Malte Grieswelle
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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Hirayama M, Nishiwaki H, Hamaguchi T, Ohno K. Gastrointestinal disorders in Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body diseases. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:71. [PMID: 37147392 PMCID: PMC10160728 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein fibrils (Lewy bodies) in the substantia nigra and other brain regions, although the role of Lewy bodies remains elusive. Constipation usually precedes the motor symptoms in PD, which is in accordance with the notion that α-synuclein fibrils start from the intestinal neural plexus and ascend to the brain in at least half of PD patients. The gut microbiota is likely to be involved in intestinal and brain pathologies. Analyses of the gut microbiota in PD, rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder, and dementia with Lewy bodies suggest three pathological pathways. First, Akkermansia, which is increased in PD, degrades the intestinal mucus layer and increases intestinal permeability, which triggers inflammation and oxidative stress in the intestinal neural plexus. Second, decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria in PD reduce the number of regulatory T cells. Third, SCFAs also aggravate microglial activation with an unelucidated pathway. In addition, in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which is another form of α-synucleinopathies, increased genera, Ruminococcus torques and Collinsella, may mitigate neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra by increasing secondary bile acids. Interventions for the gut microbiota and their metabolites may potentially delay or mitigate the development and progression of PD and other Lewy body diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishiwaki
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonari Hamaguchi
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Jin H, Park J, Li R, Ji GE, Johnston TV, Choe D, Park SH, Park MS, Ku S. A randomized, double-blind, controlled human study: The efficacy of exopolysaccharides in milk fermented by Weissella confusa VP30 (VP30-EPS) to ameliorate functional constipation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Venkataraman R, Shenoy R, Ahire JJ, Neelamraju J, Madempudi RS. Effect of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 with Lactulose on Functional Constipation in Adults: a Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:379-386. [PMID: 34599466 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present double-blind randomised study, the efficacy of combination of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 and lactulose was evaluated in the treatment of functional constipation in adults. One-fifty participants diagnosed with functional constipation (Rome III criteria) were randomised (1:1:1) and supplemented daily with 15 mL suspension of probiotic (B. coagulans Unique IS2, 2 × 109 spores) with lactulose (10 g) (group 1) or lactulose (10 g) (group 2) or placebo (water) (group 3) for 4 weeks. The primary (stool frequency) and secondary outome measures (stool consistency, sensation of incomplete evacuation, defecation- and abdominal-pain) were recorded weekly for up to 4 weeks. Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 with lactulose showed significant changes in stool frequency as compared to lactulose treatment; however, at the end of the trial, it was found insignificant due to the gradual increase of stool frequency score of lactulose treatment. The changes observed in stool consistency were early (2nd week) and remained consistent up to end of the trial. The significant reduction of sensation of incomplete evacuation, defecation-, and abdominal-pain correlated with the strains ability to produce short-chain fatty acids. No adverse events were observed in any of the groups, and all the vital parameters were normal during the course of the study. Overall, results indicated that B. coagulans Unique IS2 addition to lactulose reduced time required to relieve constipation as compared to lactulose alone. In conclusion, B. coagulans Unique IS2 with lactulose is more effective than lactulose alone to relieve symptoms of constipation in a shorter period. Trial registration: CTRI/2018/11/016399, dated 22/11/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, Karnataka, 571448, India
| | - R Shenoy
- Adichunchanagiri Hospital and Research Centre, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, Karnataka, 571448, India
| | - J J Ahire
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd, Plot No. 2, Phase-II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - J Neelamraju
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd, Plot No. 2, Phase-II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - R S Madempudi
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd, Plot No. 2, Phase-II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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Sumida K, Pierre JF, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Demmer RT, Kovesdy CP. Gut Microbiota-Targeted Interventions in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151408. [PMID: 37619529 PMCID: PMC10783887 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in microbiome research have informed the potential role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal systems, and, when altered, in the pathogenesis of various cardiometabolic disorders, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). The improved understanding of gut dysbiosis in cardiometabolic pathologies in turn has led to a vigorous quest for developing therapeutic strategies. These therapeutic strategies aim to investigate whether interventions targeting gut dysbiosis can shift the microbiota toward eubiosis and if these shifts, in turn, translate into improvements in (or prevention of) CKD and its related complications, such as premature cardiovascular disease. Existing evidence suggests that multiple interventions (eg, plant-based diets; prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation; constipation treatment; fecal microbiota transplantation; and intestinal dialysis) might result in favorable modulation of the gut microbiota in patients with CKD, and thereby potentially contribute to improving clinical outcomes in these patients. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the characteristics and roles of the gut microbiota in CKD and discuss the potential of emerging gut microbiota-targeted interventions in the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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Mitrović M, Stanković-Popović V, Tolinački M, Golić N, Soković Bajić S, Veljović K, Nastasijević B, Soldatović I, Svorcan P, Dimković N. The Impact of Synbiotic Treatment on the Levels of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients-A Randomized Trial. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:278-288. [PMID: 35995418 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altering dysbiotic gut flora through synbiotic supplementation has recently been recognized as a potential treatment strategy to reduce the levels of gut-derived uremic toxins and decrease inflammation. Assessing its efficacy and safety has been the main goal of our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. METHODS A total of 34 nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients, aged ≥18 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 15 and 45 mL/minute, were randomized either to an intervention group (n = 17), receiving synbiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium lactis, 32 billion colony forming units per day plus 3.2 g of inulin), or control group (n = 17), receiving placebo during 12 weeks. The impact of treatment on the dynamic of serum levels of gut-derived uremic toxins, total serum indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine N-oxide, was defined as the primary outcome of the study. Secondary outcomes included changes in the stool microbiome, serum interleukin-6 levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, diet, gastrointestinal symptom dynamics, and safety. Serum levels of uremic toxins were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography. The stool microbiome analysis was performed using the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing approach. RESULTS Synbiotic treatment significantly modified gut microbiome with Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, and Subdoligranulum genera enrichment and consequently reduced serum level of indoxyl sulfate (ΔIS -21.5% vs. 5.3%, P < .001), improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR 12% vs. 8%, P = .029), and decreased level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-39.5 vs. -8.5%, P < .001) in treated patients. Two patients of the intervention arm complained of increased flatulence. No other safety issues were noted. CONCLUSION Synbiotics could be available, safe, and an effective therapeutic strategy we could use in daily practice in order to decrease levels of uremic toxins and microinflammation in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Mitrović
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Verica Stanković-Popović
- Nephrology Clinic, Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Soković Bajić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Veljović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Nastasijević
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences University of Belgrade, -National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatović
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Svorcan
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Dimković
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bonvegna S, Cilia R. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Microbiome. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:107-131. [PMID: 36803806 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in gut microbiota have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Gastrointestinal nonmotor symptoms often precede the onset of motor features in PD, suggesting a role for gut dysbiosis in neuroinflammation and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. In the first part of this chapter, we analyze critical features of healthy gut microbiota and factors (environmental and genetic) that modify its composition. In the second part, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the gut dysbiosis and how it alters anatomically and functionally the mucosal barrier, triggering neuroinflammation and subsequently α-syn aggregation. In the third part, we describe the most common alterations in the gut microbiota of PD patients, dividing the gastrointestinal system in higher and lower tract to examine the association between microbiota abnormalities and clinical features. In the final section, we report on current and future therapeutic approaches to gut dysbiosis aiming to either reduce the risk for PD, modify the disease course, or improve the pharmacokinetic profile of dopaminergic therapies. We also suggest that further studies will be needed to clarify the role of the microbiome in PD subtyping and of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions in modifying specific microbiota profiles in individualizing disease-modifying treatments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bonvegna
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy.
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46
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Araújo MM, Botelho PB. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in chronic constipation: Outstanding aspects to be considered for the current evidence. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935830. [PMID: 36570175 PMCID: PMC9773270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on constipation-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and to identify issues that still need to be answered. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Animal models (n = 23) and clinical trials (n = 39) were included. In animal studies, prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation showed a decreased colonic transit time (CTT) and an increase in the number and water content of feces. In humans, inulin is shown to be the most promising prebiotic, while B. lactis and L. casei Shirota probiotics were shown to increase defecation frequency, the latter strain being more effective in improving stool consistency and constipation symptoms. Overall, synbiotics seem to reduce CTT, increase defecation frequency, and improve stool consistency with a controversial effect on the improvement of constipation symptoms. Moreover, some aspects of probiotic use in constipation-related outcomes remain unanswered, such as the best dose, duration, time of consumption (before, during, or after meals), and matrices, as well as their effect and mechanisms on the regulation of inflammation in patients with constipation, on polymorphisms associated with constipation, and on the management of constipation via 5-HT. Thus, more high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluating these lacking aspects are necessary to provide safe conclusions about their effectiveness in managing intestinal constipation.
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Gao H, He C, Hua R, Liang C, Wang B, Du Y, Xin S, Guo Y, Gao L, Zhang L, Shang H, Xu J. Underlying beneficial effects of Rhubarb on constipation-induced inflammation, disorder of gut microbiome and metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1048134. [PMID: 36545319 PMCID: PMC9760883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1048134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constipation is a common syndrome and a worldwide healthy problem. Constipation patients are becoming younger, with a 29.6% overall prevalence in children, which has captured significant attention because of its epigenetic rejuvenation and recurrent episodes. Despite the usage of rhubarb extract to relieve constipation, novel targets and genes implicated in target-relevant pathways with remarkable functionalities should still be sought for. Materials and methods: We established a reliable constipation model in C57B/6N male mice using intragastric administration diphenoxylate, and the eligible subjects received 600 mg/25 g rhubarb extract to alleviate constipation. Resultant constipation was morphological and genetically compared with the specimen from different groups. Results: Constipation mice exhibited thicker muscle layers, higher levels of cytokines, including IL-17 and IL-23, and lower content of IL-22. Bacterial abundance and diversity varied tremendously. Notably, the alterations were reversed following rhubarb extract treatment. Additionally, Constipation also had a substantial impact on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium- and long-chain fatty acids (MLCFAs), and the expression of SCFA receptors, GPR41 and GPR43. Conclusion: This thesis has provided insight that rhubarb extract promoted the flexibility of collagen fiber, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines, and maintained gut microflora balance with potential impacts on the fatty acid and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Peoples Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lucia Zhang
- Class of 2025, Loomis Chaffee School, Windsor, CT, United States
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingdong Xu,
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Miller AW, Penniston KL, Fitzpatrick K, Agudelo J, Tasian G, Lange D. Mechanisms of the intestinal and urinary microbiome in kidney stone disease. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:695-707. [PMID: 36127409 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease affects ~10% of the global population and the incidence continues to rise owing to the associated global increase in the incidence of medical conditions associated with kidney stone disease including, for example, those comprising the metabolic syndrome. Considering that the intestinal microbiome has a substantial influence on host metabolism, that evidence has suggested that the intestinal microbiome might have a role in maintaining oxalate homeostasis and kidney stone disease is unsurprising. In addition, the discovery that urine is not sterile but, like other sites of the human body, harbours commensal bacterial species that collectively form a urinary microbiome, is an additional factor that might influence the induction of crystal formation and stone growth directly in the kidney. Collectively, the microbiomes of the host could influence kidney stone disease at multiple levels, including intestinal oxalate absorption and direct crystal formation in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Miller
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristina L Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Fitzpatrick
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Agudelo
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Tasian
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Kim JE, Roh YJ, Choi YJ, Lee SJ, Jin YJ, Song HJ, Seol AY, Son HJ, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Tg2576 Mice for Alzheimer's Disease during Pathological Constipation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314928. [PMID: 36499254 PMCID: PMC9736912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tg2576 transgenic mice for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibited significant phenotypes for neuropathological constipation, but no research has been conducted on the association of the fecal microbiota with dysbiosis. The correlation between fecal microbiota composition and neuropathological constipation in Tg2576 mice was investigated by examining the profile of fecal microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in 9-10-month-old Tg2576 mice with the AD phenotypes and constipation. Several constipation phenotypes, including stool parameters, colon length, and histopathological structures, were observed prominently in Tg2576 mice compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. The fecal microbiota of Tg2576 mice showed decreases in Bacteroidetes and increases in the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria populations at the phylum level. The FMT study showed that stool parameters, including weight, water content, and morphology, decreased remarkably in the FMT group transplanted with a fecal suspension of Tg2576 mice (TgFMT) compared to the FMT group transplanted with a fecal suspension of WT mice (WFMT). The distribution of myenteric neurons and the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), as well as the enteric nervous system (ENS) function, remained lower in the TgFMT group. These results suggest that the neuropathological constipation phenotypes of Tg2576 mice may be tightly linked to the dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Joo Son
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center, Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-350-5388
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50
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Neyrinck AM, Rodriguez J, Taminiau B, Herpin F, Cani PD, Daube G, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Constipation Mitigation by Rhubarb Extract in Middle-Aged Adults Is Linked to Gut Microbiome Modulation: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314685. [PMID: 36499011 PMCID: PMC9738964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota alterations are intimately linked to chronic constipation upon aging. We investigated the role of targeted changes in the gut microbiota composition in the relief of constipation symptoms after rhubarb extract (RE) supplementation in middle-aged volunteers. Subjects (95% women, average 58 years old) were randomized to three groups treated with RE at two different doses determined by its content of rhein (supplementation of 12.5 mg and 25 mg per day) vs. placebo (maltodextrin) for 30 days. We demonstrated that daily oral supplementation of RE for 30 days was safe even at the higher dose. Stool frequency and consistency, and perceived change in transit problem, transit speed and difficulty in evacuating, investigated by validated questionnaires, were improved in both groups of RE-treated volunteers compared to placebo. Higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae (mainly Roseburia and Agathobacter) only occurred after RE treatment when present at low levels at baseline, whereas an opposite shift in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels was observed in both RE-treated groups (increase) and placebo (decrease). Fecal Lachnospiraceae and SCFA were positively correlated with stool consistency. This study demonstrates that RE supplementation promotes butyrate-producing bacteria and SCFA, an effect that could contribute to relieving chronic constipation in middle-aged persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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