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Chang YB, Jung EJ, Jo K, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Neuroprotective effect of whey protein hydrolysate containing leucine-aspartate-isoleucine-glutamine-lysine on HT22 cells in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2620-2632. [PMID: 38101744 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) containing the pentapeptide leucine-aspartate-isoleucine-glutamine-lysine (LDIQK). Whey protein hydrolysate (50, 100, and 200 µg/mL) demonstrated the ability to restore the viability of HT22 cells subjected to 300 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, at a concentration of 200 µg/mL, it significantly reduced the increase in reactive oxygen species production and calcium ion (Ca2+) influx induced by H2O2 by 46.1% and 46.2%, respectively. Similarly, the hydrolysate significantly decreased the levels of p-tau, a hallmark of tauopathy, and BCL2 associated X (BAX), a proapoptosis factor, while increasing the protein levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an enzyme involved in acetylcholine synthesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a nerve growth factor, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2, an antiapoptotic factor. Furthermore, it increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-hemoxygenase-1(HO-1) signaling, which is associated with the antioxidant response, while reducing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway components, namely phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK), phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), and p-p38. Column chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified LDIQK as a compound with neuroprotective effects in WPH; it inhibited Ca2+ influx and regulated the BAX/BCL2 ratio. Collectively, WPH containing LDIQK demonstrated neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced neuronal cell damage, suggesting that WPH or its active peptide, LDIQK, may serve as a potential edible agent for improving cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeok B Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung J Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn Y, Lee HH, Kim BH, Park SJ, Kim YS, Suh HJ, Jo K. Heukharang lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaf extract displays sleep-promoting effects through GABA A receptor. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 314:116602. [PMID: 37149068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although lettuce is traditionally known to have hypnotic and sedative effects, to date, only a few studies have documented its sleep-promoting effects and elucidated the related mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the sleep-promoting activity of Heukharang lettuce leaf extract (HLE) with increased lactucin content, known as a sleep-promoting substance in lettuce, in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the effect of HLE on sleep behavior, analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG), gene expression of brain receptors, and activation mechanisms using antagonists were investigated in rodent models. RESULTS High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that HLE contained lactucin (0.78 mg/g of extract) and quercetin-3-glucuronide (1.3 mg/g of extract). In the pentobarbital-induced sleep model, the group administered 150 mg/kg of HLE showed a 47.3% increase in sleep duration time as compared to the normal group (NOR). The EEG analysis showed that the HLE significantly increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM), where delta waves were improved by 59.5% when compared to the NOR, resulting in increased sleep time. In the caffeine-induced arousal model, HLE significantly decreased the awake time increased by caffeine administration (35.5%) and showed a similar level to NOR. In addition, HLE increased the gene and protein expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAA), GABA type B, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A. In particular, in comparison to the NOR, the group administered 150 mg/kg HLE showed an increase in expression levels of GABAA and protein by 2.3 and 2.5 times, respectively. When the expression levels were checked using GABAA receptor antagonists, HLE showed similar levels to NOR, as the sleep duration was reduced by flumazenil (45.1%), a benzodiazepine antagonist. CONCLUSIONS HLE increased NREM sleep and significantly improved sleep behavior due to its action on the GABAA receptors. The collective findings suggest that HLE can be used as a novel sleep-enhancing agent in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Hwan Lee
- Medience Co. Ltd., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24232, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hak Kim
- Medience Co. Ltd., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24232, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Jae Park
- Medience Co. Ltd., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24232, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Ansan University, Ansan, 14328, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Bae GY, Ahn Y, Hong KB, Jung EJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Sleep-Enhancing Effect of Water Extract from Jujube ( Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Seeds Fermented by Lactobacillus brevis L32. Foods 2023; 12:2864. [PMID: 37569133 PMCID: PMC10417159 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ziziphus jujuba Mill (jujube) is used in folk medicine for hypnotic sedative, anxiolytic, and many other purposes, to date, only a few studies have revealed its sleep-promoting effects and related mechanisms. Currently, drugs used for the treatment of sleep disorders have various side effects, so it is essential to develop safe natural materials. Therefore, we evaluated the sleep-enhancing activity and mechanism of action of an aqueous extract of jujube seeds (ZW) fermented with Lactobacillus brevis L-32 in rodent models. The starch contained in ZW was removed by enzymatic degradation and fermented with L. brevis to obtain a fermented product (ZW-FM) with a high γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. To evaluate the sleep-promoting effect of ZW-FM, pentobarbital-induced sleep tests were performed on ICR mice, and electroencephalography analysis was undertaken in Sprague Dawley rats. Additionally, the awakening relief effects of ZW-FM were confirmed in a caffeine-induced insomnia model. Finally, the mechanism of sleep enhancement by ZW-FM was analyzed using GABA receptor type A (GABAA) antagonists. The ZW-FM-treated groups (100 and 150 mg/kg) showed increased sleep time, especially the δ-wave time during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In addition, the 150 mg/kg ZW-FM treatment group showed decreased sleep latency and increased sleep time in the insomnia model. In particular, NREM sleep time was increased and REM sleep time, which was increased by caffeine treatment, was decreased by ZW-FM treatment. ZW-FM-induced sleep increase was inhibited by the GABAA receptor antagonists picrotoxin, bicuculline, and flumazenil, confirming that the increase was the result of a GABAergic mechanism. These results strongly suggest that the increased GABA in water extract from jujube seeds fermented by L. brevis acts as a sleep-promoting compound and that the sleep-promoting activity is related to GABAA receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Yeon Bae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.B.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.B.); (Y.A.)
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 632943, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Nutrition, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.B.); (Y.A.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.B.); (Y.A.)
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Min B, Ahn Y, Cho HJ, Kwak WK, Jo K, Suh HJ. Chemical compositions and sleep-promoting activities of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) varieties. J Food Sci 2023; 88:2217-2228. [PMID: 37038885 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Among natural products with sleep-promoting activity, hops have been used since ancient times as a tranquilizer and hypnotic agent. This study investigated the sleep-promoting effects of extracts of various hop (Humulus lupulus L.) varieties in invertebrate and vertebrate models. The content of α-acids, β-acids, and xanthohumol was higher in hop 70% alcohol extracts than in hop hot water extracts. Among the alcohol extracts, Citra contained a high α-acid content (229.32 µg/mg), while Saphir showed high β-acid and xanthohumol content (66.37 and 4.23 µg/mg, respectively). In Drosophila melanogaster, Simcoe and Mosaic water extracts and Saphir and Simcoe alcohol extracts significantly increased total nighttime sleep. Total sleep time of mice with pentobarbital-induced sleep was significantly increased by Simcoe and Mosaic water extracts and Saphir and Simcoe ethanol extracts compared to the normal group. Oral administration of Simcoe water extract and Saphir alcohol extract improved sleep in the caffeine-induced insomnia model and upregulated the mRNA expression of GABAA (gamma 2 subunit) and GABAB receptors in mouse brains. Additionally, Saphir alcohol extract significantly increased the GABA content in mouse brains. Simcoe water extract and Saphir ethanol extract modulated GABAergic signaling to improve sleep-related behaviors, including sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjick Min
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahn Y, Kim S, Park C, Kim JE, Suh HJ, Jo K. Sleep-promoting activity of lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) rhizome water extract via GABA A receptors. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:1341-1348. [PMID: 35840545 PMCID: PMC9291699 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2096076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The sleep-promoting activity of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) alkaloids in leaves or seeds are well known. However, the sleep-promoting activity of the lotus rhizome (LE), which is used mainly as food, has not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the sleep-promoting activity of LE water extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (n = 8) were subject to a pentobarbital-induced sleep test to assess changes in sleep latency and duration following the administration of LE (80-150 mg/kg). In addition, electroencephalography analysis was performed to determine the sleep quality after LE treatment as well as the sleep recovery effect of LE using a caffeine-induced insomnia SD rat model. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the expression of neurotransmitter receptors, and the GABAA receptor antagonists were used for receptor binding analysis. RESULTS An oral administration of 150 mg/kg LE significantly increased sleep duration by 24% compared to the control. Furthermore, LE increased nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep by increasing theta and delta powers. In the insomnia model, LE increased sleep time by increasing NREM sleep. Moreover, treatment with picrotoxin and flumazenil decreased the sleep time by 33% and 23%, respectively, indicating an involvement of the GABAA receptor in the sleep-enhancing activity of LE. The expression of GABAA receptors and the concentration of GABA in the brain were increased by LE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the sleep-promoting activity of LE was via the GABAA receptor. Collectively, these data show that LE may promote sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunwoong Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- New Technology Business Team, COSMAXNS, INC, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han K, Hong KB, Ahn Y, Jo K, Jung J, Suh HJ. Effects of Collagen-Tripeptide and Galacto-oligosaccharide Mixture on Skin Photoaging Inhibition in UVB-exposed Hairless Mice. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1172-1181. [PMID: 35294989 DOI: 10.1111/php.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-tripeptide (CTP) and galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), which improve collagen homeostasis and barrier function in the skin, are widely used in the food industry to improve wrinkle-related parameters and skin health. In this study, the photoprotective effect of CTP/GOS mixtures (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) in ultraviolet (UV) B-irradiated hairless mice was examined. Skin parameter analysis, histological approaches, molecular biology techniques and HPLC analysis were applied to investigate the photoaging protective effect, signaling pathways and changes in the microbiota. Oral administration of CTP/GOS mixtures ameliorated photoaged physical parameters and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to UV-irradiated control group. Administration of the 1:3 mixture showed significant changes in the extracellular matrix-related gene expression compared to other mixture groups. The cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content showed a significant increase in the CTP/GOS mixed group with a higher GOS content than the control group. In the 16S rRNA-based analysis of cecal microbiota, the relative abundance ratio of the Akkermansia genus belonging to the Verrucomicrobia phylum was higher in CTP and GOS mixture-administered groups than in the UV-irradiated control group. Taken together, CTP/GOS mixtures showed a synergistic effect on photoprotective activity through changes in the gene expression, cytokine levels and intestinal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Han
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jewon Jung
- Department of Bio-Safety, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Jo K, Kim S, Yu KW, Chung YB, Kim WJ, Suh HJ, Kim H. Changes in the component sugar and immunostimulating activity of polysaccharides isolated from Dendrobium officinale in the pretreatments. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:3021-3028. [PMID: 34775614 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To isolate polysaccharides with enhanced immunostimulatory activity from Dendrobium officinale, which is used as a herbal medicine in China and Southeast Asia, D. officinale (DO) was pretreated with organic solvents (DOOS) or puffing at 7.5 and 9.0 kgf (7.5DO and 9DO). Hot-water extracts (DOOS-HW, 7.5DO-HW and 9DO-HW) were prepared from each pretreated DO, along with non-pretreated DO, and crude polysaccharides (DO-CP, DOOS-CP, 7.5DO-CP and 9DO-CP) were fractionated from each hot-water extract using ethanol (five volumes). RESULTS When their immunostimulatory activities were compared by macrophage stimulation and intestinal immune system modulation via Peyer's patches, DOOS-CP showed more potent activity than DO-CP. However, crude polysaccharides fractionated from puffed DO showed significantly lower activity than non-puffed DO and DOOS. The most active polysaccharide contained 95% or more neutral sugar, and the composition ratio of mannose and glucose was 3.0, whereas the lowest polysaccharide content was 2.0 or less. In addition, DOOS-CP was a somewhat refined fraction containing a major peak, representing a molecular weight of 250 kDa, despite being a crude polysaccharide. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pretreatment of D. officinale with organic solvents may enhance the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides and affect the mannose/glucose ratio of polysaccharides, which plays an important role in immunostimulation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Chung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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Ahn Y, Kim MG, Jo K, Hong KB, Suh HJ. Effects of Sphingomyelin-Containing Milk Phospholipids on Skin Hydration in UVB-Exposed Hairless Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082545. [PMID: 35458740 PMCID: PMC9032803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ultraviolet (UV) exposure cause skin barrier dysfunction, which leads to dry skin. In this study, the skin moisturizing effect of sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids in UV-induced hairless mice was evaluated. Hairless mice were irradiated with UVB for eight weeks, and milk phospholipids (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) were administered daily. Milk phospholipids suppressed UV-induced increase in erythema and skin thickness, decreased transepidermal water loss, and increased skin moisture. Milk phospholipids increased the expression of filaggrin, involucrin, and aquaporin3 (AQP3), which are skin moisture-related factors. Additionally, hyaluronic acid (HA) content in the skin tissue was maintained by regulating the expression of HA synthesis- and degradation-related enzymes. Milk phospholipids alleviated UV-induced decrease in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxidase dismutase1 and 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase1. Moreover, ROS levels were reduced by regulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ROS regulator, through milk phospholipid-mediated activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Collectively, sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids contributed to moisturizing the skin by maintaining HA content and reducing ROS levels in UVB-irradiated hairless mice, thereby, minimizing damage to the skin barrier caused by photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (M.G.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Min Guk Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (M.G.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (M.G.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-B.H.); (H.J.S.); Tel.: +82-23-290-5639 (H.J.S.)
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (M.G.K.); (K.J.)
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-B.H.); (H.J.S.); Tel.: +82-23-290-5639 (H.J.S.)
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Chang YB, Ahn Y, Suh HJ, Jo K. Yeast hydrolysate ameliorates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by suppressing MuRF-1 expression in C2C12 cells and C57BL/6 mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Ahn Y, Kim MG, Choi YJ, Lee SJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Photoprotective effects of sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids in ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mice by suppressing nuclear factor-κB expression. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1929-1939. [PMID: 34998560 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide-containing phospholipids improve skin hydration and barrier function and are ideal for use in skin care products. In this study, we evaluated the photoprotective effect of milk phospholipids on the skin condition of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Skin parameters were assessed following oral administration of milk phospholipids. The UVB irradiation induced photoaging in mice. The animals were divided into 5 groups: a control group (oral administration of saline with no UBV irradiation), UVB group (oral administration of saline with UVB irradiation), and 3 UVB irradiation groups receiving the milk phospholipids at 3 different concentrations of oral administration, 50 mg/kg (ML group), 100 mg/kg (MM group), and 150 mg/kg (MH group), for 8 wk. An increase in skin hydration and transepidermal water loss were improved in the 150 mg/kg of milk phospholipid-administered group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a decrease in epidermal thickness in the milk phospholipid-administered groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of body weight). In particular, the 100 and 150 mg/kg groups showed significant changes in the area, length, and depth of the wrinkles compared with the UVB group. Moreover, the gene expression of matrix metalloproteins was attenuated, and that of proinflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor-α, was significantly reduced in the milk phospholipid-administered groups than in the UVB group. The reduced ceramide and increased sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in the skin tissue due to UVB exposure were restored to levels similar to those of the control group following milk phospholipid administration. These results were confirmed to be due to the downregulation of protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated IκB-α (inhibitor of κB α). Collectively, oral administration of milk phospholipids improves skin health through a synergistic effect on photoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min G Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong J Choi
- Solus Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Yongin 16858, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Lee
- Holistic Bio Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung J Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn Y, Han SH, Kim MG, Hong KB, Kim WJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Anti-depressant effects of ethanol extract from Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed in chlorpromazine-induced Drosophila melanogaster depression model. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:998-1007. [PMID: 34362287 PMCID: PMC8354181 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1949356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depression is a severe mental illness caused by a deficiency of dopamine and serotonin. Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has long been used to treat pain, nausea, and depression. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the anti-depressant effects of C. sativa (hemp) seed ethanol extract (HE) in chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced Drosophila melanogaster depression model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The normal group was untreated, and the control group was treated with CPZ (0.1% of media) for 7 days. The experimental groups were treated with a single HE treatment (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of media) and a mixture of 0.1% CPZ and HE for 7 days. The locomotor activity, behavioural patterns, depression-related gene expression, and neurotransmitters level of flies were investigated. RESULTS The behavioural patterns of individual flies were significantly reduced with 0.1% CPZ treatment. In contrast, combination treatment of 1.5% HE and 0.1% CPZ significantly increased subjective daytime activity (p < 0.001) and behavioural factors (p < 0.001). These results correlate with increased transcript levels of dopamine (p < 0.001) and serotonin (p < 0.05) receptors and concentration of dopamine (p < 0.05), levodopa (p < 0.001), 5-HTP (p < 0.05), and serotonin (p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Collectively, HE administration alleviates depression-like symptoms by modulating the circadian rhythm-related behaviours, transcript levels of neurotransmitter receptors, and neurotransmitter levels in the CPZ-induced Drosophila model. However, additional research is needed to investigate the role of HE administration in behavioural patterns, reduction of the neurotransmitter, and signalling pathways of depression in a vertebrate model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetic, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Guk Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accerlerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Kyungae Jo Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Baek Y, Ahn Y, Shin J, Suh HJ, Jo K. Evaluation of Safety through Acute and Subacute Tests of Galacto-Oligosaccharide (GOS). Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:315-320. [PMID: 34737992 PMCID: PMC8531431 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and subacute toxicity tests were undertaken on a novel galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) produced from lactose by β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans. Toxicity was evaluated by single dose oral administration (5,000 mg/kg) and was repeated at day 28 (1,000 mg/kg) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute toxicity tests, the protein levels of male rats administered GOS showed a significant difference from controls, but remained within the normal range. There were no GOS-related changes in clinical symptoms, weight, food intake, hematology, blood chemistry, relative organ weight, or severe pathology in rats treated with GOS compared with controls. The no observed adverse effect level of GOS was at least 1,000 mg/kg/d in both male and female rats. Bovine-specific genes were not detected in GOS 70%-based products (NeoGOS-P70, NeoGOS-L70, and organic GOS), indirectly showing the absence of an allergen and that products containing GOS 70% are non-toxic and allergen-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Baek
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of R&D, Neo Cremar Co., Ltd., Seoul 05702, Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jungcheul Shin
- Department of R&D, Neo Cremar Co., Ltd., Seoul 05702, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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13
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Han SH, Ahn Y, Lee HJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of a Submerged Culture of Cordyceps sinensis Using Spent Coffee. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081697. [PMID: 34441476 PMCID: PMC8394004 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are inexpensive materials that have been used as a source of antioxidants and polysaccharides with immunostimulatory activity. In this study, we performed a microbial fermentation of SCG using Cordyceps sinensis and investigated the radical scavenging and immunostimulatory activity of fermented SCG. SCG fermentation using C. sinensis was performed at 25 °C for 8 d. The polyphenol content of the fermented SCG increased from 1022.4 to 1562.0 μg/mL. The glucosamine content of the mycelia also continuously increased during fermentation. The main polyphenol compounds of fermented SCG were chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid, which were increased by fermentation. Fermented SCG also showed significantly higher content of chlorogenic acid isomers than unfermented SCG. The fermented SCG exhibited significantly higher 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (half maximal inhibitory concentration: IC50, 0.37 mg/mL) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (IC50, 0.93 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities than those of the control (0.54 mg/mL and 1.20 mg/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). The fermented SCG stimulated macrophages and promoted the production of various immunostimulatory cytokines (IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α) compared to control; therefore, microbial fermentation of SCG using C. sinensis is an effective means of generating antioxidant and immunostimulatory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetic, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-940-2764; Fax: +82-2-921-7207
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14
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Jo K, Jang WY, Yun BS, Kim JS, Lee HS, Chang YB, Suh HJ. Effect of Deer Antler Extract on Muscle Differentiation and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleoside (AICAR)-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:623-635. [PMID: 34291211 PMCID: PMC8277185 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of deer antler extract on muscle differentiation and muscle atrophy
were evaluated to minimize muscle loss following aging. Various deer antler
extracts (HWE, hot water extract of deer antler; FE, HWE of fermented deer
antler; ET, enzyme-assisted extract of deer antler; UE, extract prepared by
ultrasonication of deer antler) were evaluated for their effect on muscle
differentiation and inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside
(AICAR)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells. Morphological changes according
to the effect of antler extracts on muscle differentiation were confirmed by
Jenner-Giemsa staining. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to
muscle differentiation and atrophy were confirmed through qRT-PCR. In the
presence of antler extracts, the length and thickness of myotubes and myogenin
differentiation 1 (MyoD1) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) gene expression were
increased compared to those in the control group (CON). Gene expression of
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MyoD1, and myogenin, along with the muscle
atrophy factors muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) upon
addition of deer antler extracts to muscle-atrophied C2C12 cells was determined
by qRT-PCR after treatment with AICAR. The expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a
decreased in the groups treated with antler extracts compared to that in the
group treated with AICAR alone. In addition, gene expression of MyoD1 and
myogenin in the muscle atrophy cell model was significantly increased compared
that into the CON. Therefore, our findings indicate that antler extract can
increase the expression of MyoD1, Myf5 and myogenin, inhibit muscle atrophy, and
promote muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Woo Young Jang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Beom Sik Yun
- R D Center, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd, Seoul 08381, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- R D Center, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd, Seoul 08381, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Agency for Korea National Food Cluster, Iksan 54576, Korea
| | - Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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15
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Chung YB, Lee H, Hwang S, Seo HY, Suh HJ, Jo K. Effect of capsaicinoids in hot pepper powder on microbial community and free sugar during kimchi fermentation. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3195-3204. [PMID: 34146398 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Effect of capsaicinoids in hot pepper powder (HP) contains various chemical compounds, including capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which are the main ingredients of the spicy taste. To evaluate the effect of HP on the microbial community in kimchi fermentation, kimchi [kimchi-HP, kimchi-HPE and kimchi-HPER made by adding HP, HP alcohol extract (HPE) and HPE residues (HPER)] was fermented at 4°C for 28 days. The pH and titratable acidity of the samples and the number of bacteria changed with fermentation time. Kimchi-HPER had significantly higher total viable and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) than other samples after 28 days of fermentation. The capsaicinoids content did not differ before and after fermentation, whereas the major free sugar content decreased, and the mannitol content increased. The principal component analysis (PCA) biplots showed similar patterns between kimchi-HP and -HPE. It was confirmed that Leuconostoc and Weissella were related to the initial fermentation, and Lactobacillus was involved in late fermentation. Kimchi-HP and kimchi-HPE increased the ratio of Lactobacillus sakei and decreased that of Leuconostoc mesenteroides compared to kimchi-HPER. Overall, these results revealed that capsaicinoids contained in HP affected Lactobacillus proliferation and mannitol increase during kimchi fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bae Chung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Hwang
- Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Seo
- Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim S, Hong KB, Jo K, Suh HJ. Quercetin-3- O-glucuronide in the Ethanol Extract of Lotus Leaf ( Nelumbo nucifera) Enhances Sleep Quantity and Quality in a Rodent Model via a GABAergic Mechanism. Molecules 2021; 26:3023. [PMID: 34069439 PMCID: PMC8159104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current pharmacological treatments for insomnia carry several and long-term side effects. Therefore, natural products without side effects are warranted. In this study, the sleep-promoting activity of the lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) extract was assessed using ICR mice and Sprague Dawley rats. A pentobarbital-induced sleep test and electroencephalogram analysis were conducted to measure sleep latency time, duration, and sleep architecture. The action mechanism of the extract was evaluated through ligand binding experiments. A high dose (300 mg/kg) of the ethanolic lotus leaf extract significantly increased sleep duration compared to the normal group (p < 0.01). Administration of low (150 mg/kg) and high doses (300 mg/kg) of the extract significantly increased sleep quality, especially the relative power of theta waves (p < 0.05), compared to the normal group. Furthermore, caffeine and lotus leaf extract administration significantly recovered caffeine-induced sleep disruption (p < 0.001), and the sleep quality was similar to that of the normal group. Additionally, ligand binding assay using [3H]-flumazenil revealed that quercetin-3-O-glucuronide contained in the lotus leaf extract (77.27 μg/mg of extract) enhanced sleep by binding to GABAA receptors. Collectively, these results indicated that the lotus leaf extract, particularly quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, exhibits sleep quantity- and quality-enhancing activity via the GABAergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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17
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Kim MG, Jo K, Cho K, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Prebiotics/Probiotics Mixture Induced Changes in Cecal Microbiome and Intestinal Morphology Alleviated the Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:527-541. [PMID: 34017959 PMCID: PMC8112309 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of multi-strain
probiotics and prebiotics on loperamide-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley
rats. A multi-strain probiotics alone (loperamide-induced group with
multi-strain probiotics mixture group; Lop-Pro) and a mixture of multi-strain
probiotics and prebiotics (loperamide-induced group with multi-strain probiotics
and prebiotics mixture group; Lop-Pro/Pre) were administered orally after
inducing constipation. The fecal water content was significantly higher (by
42%) in the Lop-Pro/Pre group (33.5%) than in the
loperamide-induced group (Lop) (23.7%) (p<0.05). The intestinal
mucosal thickness, crypt cell area, and interstitial cells of Cajal area were
significantly higher in the Lop-Pro/Pre group compared to the Lop group by
16.4%, 20.6%, and 42.3%, respectively. Additionally, the
total short-chain fatty acid content was significantly increased in the Lop-Pro
and Lop-Pro/Pre groups by 56.4% and 54.2%, respectively, compared
with the Lop group. The Lop-Pro and Lop-Pro/Pre groups recovered
loperamide-induced alteration in Bacteroidetes and
Verrucomicrobia abundance among intestinal microbiota,
whereas the Lop-Pro/Pre group recovered Akkermansia,
Lactobacillus, Clostridium,
Bacteroides, and Oscillibacter abundance.
Moreover, the relative abundance of Oscillibacter and
Clostridium was significantly different in the Lop-Pro/Pre
group compared to the Lop group. Collectively, administration of synbiotics
rather than multi-strain probiotics alone is effective in alleviating
constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guk Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | | | | | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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Jeong AH, Hwang J, Jo K, Kim S, Ahn Y, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Fermented Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Improves Sleep Behaviors in Fruit Flies and Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3537. [PMID: 33805468 PMCID: PMC8036604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus brevis-fermented γ-aminobutyric acid (LB-GABA) on sleep behaviors in invertebrate and vertebrate models. In Drosophila melanogaster, LB-GABA-treated group showed an 8-9%-longer sleep duration than normal group did. LB-GABA-treated group also showed a 46.7% lower level of nighttime activity with a longer (11%) sleep duration under caffeine-induced arousal conditions. The LB-GABA-mediated inhibition of activity was confirmed as a reduction of total movement of flies using a video tracking system. In the pentobarbital-induced sleep test in mice, LB-GABA (100 mg/kg) shortened the time of onset of sleep by 32.2% and extended sleeping time by 59%. In addition, mRNA and protein level of GABAergic/Serotonergic neurotransmitters were upregulated following treatment with LB-GABA (2.0%). In particular, intestine- and brain-derived GABAA protein levels were increased by sevenfold and fivefold, respectively. The electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in rats showed that LB-GABA significantly increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) (53%) with the increase in theta (θ, 59%) and delta (δ, 63%) waves, leading to longer sleep time (35%), under caffeine-induced insomnia conditions. LB-GABA showed a dose-dependent agonist activity on human GABAA receptor with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 3.44 µg/mL in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (J.H.); (K.J.); (S.K.); (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jisu Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (J.H.); (K.J.); (S.K.); (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (J.H.); (K.J.); (S.K.); (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (J.H.); (K.J.); (S.K.); (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (J.H.); (K.J.); (S.K.); (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (J.H.); (K.J.); (S.K.); (Y.A.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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Jo K, Kim S, Hong KB, Suh HJ. Nelumbo nucifera promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep by regulating GABAergic receptors in rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113511. [PMID: 33148434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nelumbo nucifera are used in folk medicine for anti-depressant, anti-convulsant, neuroprotective, and many other purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work evaluated the sleep potentiating effects of water extract from lotus seed in rat, and the neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pentobarbital-induced sleep test and electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis were applied to investigate sleep latency, duration, total sleeping time and sleep quality of Lotus extract. In addition, real-time PCR and HPLC analysis were applied to analyze the signaling pathway. RESULTS We found that the amounts of the possible active compounds GABA (2.33 mg/g) and L-tryptophan (2.00 mg/g) were higher than quinidine (0.55 mg/g) and neferine (0.16 mg/g) in lotus seed extract. High dose (160 mg/kg) administration of lotus extract led to a tendency towards decreased sleep latency time and an increase in sleep duration time compared to the control group in a pentobarbital-induced sleep model (p < 0.05). After high dose administration, total sleep and NREM were significantly increased compared to control, while wake time and REM were significantly decreased. Lotus extract-treated rats showed significantly reduced wake time and increased sleep time in a caffeine-induced model of arousal. The transcription level of GABAA receptor, GABAB receptor, and serotonin receptor tended to increase with dose, and lotus extract showed a strong dose-dependent binding capacity to the GABAA receptor. CONCLUSION The above results strongly suggest that GABA contained in lotus seed extract acts as a sleep potentiating compound, and that sleep-potentiating activity involves GABAA receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Chang YB, Hong KB, Kim MG, Suh HJ, Jo K. Effect of the protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal on the endurance exercise performance of BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1338-1348. [PMID: 33448266 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple food in Korea. The protein in rice reportedly contains higher levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) than proteins in other grains. Taking BCAAs during exercise can reduce muscle fatigue by reducing muscle glycogen depletion. However, there are limited studies reporting the anti-fatigue effect of rice protein. We investigate the muscular endurance and anti-fatigue effects of the protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal in mouse models. BALB/C mice were divided into the following groups: control (CON), low and high dose rice syrup meal (RL: 1.5 g kg-1; RH: 3.0 g kg-1), and low and high dose protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal (PL: 1.5 g kg-1; PH: 3.0 g kg-1). The total activity during a forced swimming test was analyzed by a behavioral assay. The mutual relationship between the anti-fatigue activity and energy metabolism was assessed by biochemical, enzyme activity, and gene expression analyses. The protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal contained 32.18 mg g-1 BCAAs, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and its BCAA ratio (2.5 : 1.0 : 1.4) was considered effective for endurance exercise. Furthermore, PH administration significantly increased the change in the maximum swimming duration by 4.2 min (3.77 ± 0.74 min) compared to that of the CON group (-0.42 ± 0.55 min, p < 0.01). The PH group showed significantly different changes in the blood glucose and lactate levels compared with the CON group; similarly, the aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase levels were significantly lower in the protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal group than the CON group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal-mediated improvement of endurance performance was accompanied by an increased in adenosine triphosphate content in the muscle and decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation in the liver. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of phospho-AMP activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), the major energy-related factors of protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal, were significantly increased. The protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal can be utilized as an efficacious natural resource for its muscular-endurance-enhancing and anti-fatigue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Guk Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Jang JH, Kim S, Lee HJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Stimulating effect of whey protein hydrolysate on bone growth in MC3T3-E1 cells and a rat model. Food Funct 2021; 12:5109-5117. [PMID: 33969848 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on osteogenic cell differentiation and its growth-promoting effects in rats. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were measured by treating MC3T3-E1 cells with WPH, and mRNA and protein levels of factors related to osteoblast differentiation were assessed. ALP activity and calcium deposition were significantly increased in the WPH group (p < 0.001). These findings were confirmed by the upregulation of ALP, bone morphogenic protein, bone sialoprotein, and collagen at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, to confirm the growth-promoting effect of WPH, bone growth was analyzed by administering 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats with whey protein or WPH. Moreover, serum levels of calcium, ALP, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were analyzed, bone analysis was performed using micro-CT, and the size of the growth plate was measured by Cresyl violet staining. When rats were administered with a high dose of WPH (600 mg per kg per day), calcium levels decreased significantly, while ALP levels (1.14-fold; p < 0.01), IGF-1 levels, tibia length, and growth plate height increased significantly compared to those in the control group. Collectively, WPH has shown to be effective in bone differentiation and bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Jang
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Corporation, Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844, USA
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Jang EY, Hong KB, Chang YB, Shin J, Jung EY, Jo K, Suh HJ. In Vitro Prebiotic Effects of Malto-Oligosaccharides Containing Water-Soluble Dietary Fiber. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215201. [PMID: 33182247 PMCID: PMC7664926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study measured the proliferative activity of malto-oligosaccharide (MOS) as a prebiotic against Bifidobacteria, resistance to digestion in vitro, and changes during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microorganisms. It consisted of 21.74%, 18.84%, and 11.76% of maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose produced by amylase (HATT), respectively. When 1% of MOS was added to a modified PYF medium as the carbon source, proliferation of Bifidobacterium breve was increased significantly. During the in vitro digestion test, MOS was partially degraded by intestinal enzymes. Fermentation characteristics by human fecal microorganisms were evaluated by adding 1% galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), as well as 1% and 2% MOS as carbon sources to the basal medium, respectively. In comparison with the addition of 1% of MOS and GOS, the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content increased over time when 2% of MOS was added. The species diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota increased significantly with 2% MOS compared to those with 1% GOS. In addition, the 2% addition of MOS reduced intestinal pathobiont microorganisms and increased commensal microorganisms including Bifidobacterium genus. Collectively, MOS produced by amylase increased the SCFA production and enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Jang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (E.Y.J.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (E.Y.J.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jungcheul Shin
- Department of R&D, Neo Cremar Co., Ltd., Seoul 05702, Korea;
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (E.Y.J.); (Y.B.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (H.J.S.); Tel.: +82-2-940-2764 (K.J.); +82-2-3290-5639 (H.J.S.)
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (E.Y.J.); (Y.B.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (H.J.S.); Tel.: +82-2-940-2764 (K.J.); +82-2-3290-5639 (H.J.S.)
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Kim MG, Jo K, Chang YB, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Changes in the Gut Microbiome after Galacto-Oligosaccharide Administration in Loperamide-Induced Constipation. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040161. [PMID: 33050434 PMCID: PMC7711924 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unbalanced dietary habits and the consumption of high protein and instant foods cause an increase in constipation. Here, we evaluated the effects of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on a rat model of loperamide-induced constipation by measuring various biological markers and cecal microbiota. The fecal water content and intestinal transit ratio significantly increased in the GOS-administered (GL and GH) groups than in the control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). The length of intestinal mucosa (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and area of crypt cells were (p < 0.01, both) significantly increased in the GOS-administered groups compared to the control group. The distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal, which is related to the intestinal movement, showed a significant increase in GOS-administered groups than in the control group (p < 0.01, both). The relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, significantly increased in the GL group than in the control group. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the gut microbiota in the GL groups. These results demonstrated that GOS administration effectively alleviates constipation by increasing LAB proliferation in the intestinal microbiota and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-940-2853; Fax: +82-2-921-7207
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Kim S, Jo K, Byun BS, Han SH, Yu KW, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Chemical and biological properties of puffed Dendrobium officinale extracts: Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Jo K, Bae GY, Cho K, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB. An Anthocyanin-Enriched Extract from Vaccinium uliginosum Improves Signs of Skin Aging in UVB-Induced Photodamage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090844. [PMID: 32916932 PMCID: PMC7554747 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that botanical extracts affect skin biophysical parameters, such as hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin index, erythema index, and wrinkle development. Vaccinium uliginosum extract contains a high level of anthocyanins as antioxidant and is ideal for use in dietary skin care products. Here, we assessed the photoprotective effects of dietary V. uliginosum extract in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. Quantitative analysis of anthocyanin composition in the ethanol-extracted V. uliginosum sample was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Skin parameter analysis and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were conducted on skin samples from UVB-irradiated hairless mice to evaluate the effects of V. uliginosum extract on skin conditions. In addition, skin mRNA and protein expression were assessed to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the anthocyanin-enriched extract on skin appearance and condition. Administration of the ethanol-extracted V. uliginosum sample caused significant changes in skin water-holding capacity, TEWL, wrinkle-related parameters, and epidermal thickness in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. In addition, oral administration of V. uliginosum attenuated the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and increased levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) and antioxidant-related genes. Further, V. uliginosum administration downregulated inflammatory cytokine levels and UVB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signaling regulated kinase (ERK), as well as Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 protein levels. Oral administration of anthocyanin-enriched V. uliginosum extract can improve the appearance and condition of the skin following UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (K.J.); (G.Y.B.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Gi Yeon Bae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (K.J.); (G.Y.B.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Kyoungwon Cho
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Corporation, Seoul 07249, Korea; (K.C.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sung Sun Park
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Corporation, Seoul 07249, Korea; (K.C.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (K.J.); (G.Y.B.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (K.J.); (G.Y.B.); (H.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-940-2853; Fax: +82-2-921-7207
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Kim S, Jo K, Kim N, Hong KB, Suh HJ. The role of alternative sugars on endurance capacity in balb/c mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13409. [PMID: 32770702 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alternative sugars containing isomaltulose were investigated to confirm the hypothesis that isomaltulose ingestion affects endurance capacity due to slow rates of hydrolysis and absorption rate at the intestine. A swimming time of the control group tends to decrease, but the group administrated with low glycemic index (GI) sweeteners tend to increase gradually. Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and inverted sugar (IS), contained isomaltulose, groups showed a significant difference of change in blood glucose and lactic acid level than control group (p < .05). Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and serum lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) of PAL100 were significantly lower than that of the control group (p < .05). IS showed a significant difference in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) compared to Con and PAL20 (20% isomaltulose) group (p < .05). Consuming FOS seems to increase an endurance capacity since fructose and FOS based in isomaltulose contained syrup showed low absorption rate and GI level. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Sugar is a major energy source for exercise, but it causes excessive intake because of the short duration of sweetness, which causes diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and skin aging. An alternative sugar complex containing isomatulose was found to be a sugar substitute for athletic performance. Athletic performance is not just for athletes or active people. In general, elderly people with low muscle mass have low mobility. Alternative sugars can be a good source of supplements to help them perform smoothly with less intake. Therefore, an endurance test with alternative sugars is and important study for energy supplements industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- BK21 Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Neo Cremar Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang J, Jo K, Hong KB, Jung EY. Animal and Clinical Studies Evaluating Blood Glucose Control With Palatinose-Based Alternative Sweeteners. Front Nutr 2020; 7:52. [PMID: 32411718 PMCID: PMC7199504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and clinical studies were performed to determine whether Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners with increased sweetness contributed to blood glucose elevations. In the animal study, male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) received an oral load of 2 g of glucose or Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners per kilogram of body weight. Thirty minutes after the glucose load, the rat blood glucose levels in the Palatinose-based alternative sweetener groups were significantly lower than those in the glucose groups (p < 0.05). Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners significantly improved glucose tolerance in rats. However, significant differences in the blood glucose levels were not observed among the Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners. In the clinical study, 14 healthy volunteers (21.4 ± 1.3 years) consumed glucose or Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners (50 g). At 60 min, when Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners were ingested, blood glucose was significantly lower compared to when glucose was ingested (Palatinose-L, 123.1 mg/dL; Palatinose-IS, 125.9 mg/dL; Palatinose-FOS. 129.1 mg/dL vs. glucose, 154.8 mg/dL, p < 0.05). The glycaemic index of Palatinose-L, Palatinose-IS and Palatinose-FOS was 43.9, 58.1, and 49.2, respectively. Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners could help maintain health as the postprandial blood glucose levels are constantly maintained owing to slow hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyi Jang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- BK21 Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Young Jung
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Suh MG, Bae GY, Jo K, Kim JM, Hong KB, Suh HJ. Photoprotective Effect of Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharide (GOS) in Hairless Mice via Regulation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:E1679. [PMID: 32268567 PMCID: PMC7180589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the suppression of photoaging by galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) ingestion following exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To investigate its photoprotective effects, GOS along with collagen tripeptide (CTP) as a positive control was orally administered to hairless mice under UVB exposure for 8 weeks. The water holding capacity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and wrinkle parameters were measured. Additionally, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine mRNA expression and protein levels, respectively. The GOS or CTP orally-administered group showed a decreased water holding capacity and increased TEWL compared to those of the control group, which was exposed to UVB (CON) only. In addition, the wrinkle area and mean wrinkle length in the GOS and CTP groups significantly decreased. Skin aging-related genes, matrix metalloproteinase, had significantly different expression levels in the CTP and GOS groups. Additionally, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagen type I gene expression in the CTP and GOS groups significantly increased. Oral administration of GOS and CTP significantly lowered the tissue cytokine (interleukin-6 and -12, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels. There was a significant difference in UVB-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK between the GOS group and the CON group. Our findings indicate that GOS intake can suppress skin damage caused by UV light and has a UV photoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Geun Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.G.S.); (G.Y.B.)
| | - Gi Yeon Bae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.G.S.); (G.Y.B.)
| | - Kyungae Jo
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Food Marketing and Safety, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.G.S.); (G.Y.B.)
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Jo K, Hong KB, Suh HJ. Effects of the Whey Protein Hydrolysates of Various Protein Enzymes on the Proliferation and Differentiation of 3T3-E1 Osteoblasts. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:71-77. [PMID: 32292758 PMCID: PMC7143006 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used various proteinases to investigate the effect of whey protein hydrolysates on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. To confirm hydrolysis of the whey protein hydrolysates, the yield and α-amino acid content were determined. Since osteogenic cell activity is an important factor in osteogenesis, we evaluated the proliferation of osteogenic cells by measuring 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. To analyze bone matrix formation, we identified calcium deposition by staining with Alizaline red-S. The free amino acid content was significantly higher in the whey protein hydrolysates prepared using Protamex, Flavourzyme, and Alcalase than in the control. When cells were treated with 500 μg/mL of whey protein hydrolysates prepared using Protamex and Alcalase, cell proliferation increased by 120% and 130%, respectively, compared with the control group. In addition, ALP activity was significantly higher following treatment with 500 μg/mL of whey protein hydrolysates prepared using Protamex and Alcalase (142.61% and 135.06%, respectively; P<0.05). Furthermore, when treated with 125 μg/mL of the same hydrolysates, the rate of calcium deposition increased significantly to 157.56% compared with the control group (P<0.05). Therefore, our results suggest that whey protein hydrolysates prepared using Protamex and Alcalase may have more beneficial effects on osteoblast proliferation and bone health than those prepared using other proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Lee K, Kim A, Hong KB, Suh HJ, Jo K. Preparation and Characterization of a Polar Milk Lipid-enriched Component from Whey Powder. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:209-220. [PMID: 32161916 PMCID: PMC7057044 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a lipid carrier in mammals including humans that consists mainly of polar lipids, like phospholipids and glycolipids. In this study, a process to enrich polar lipids in commercial butter and whey powder, including polar lipids of MFGM, was developed. WPC (whey protein concentrate) 60 was selected as the most suitable raw material based on the yield, phospholipid, protein, and lactose content of the polar lipid fraction obtained by ethanol extraction of two WPC (WPC60 and WPC70) and two buttermilk (A and B). After fractionation under optimum conditions, the polar-lipid enriched fraction from WPC60 contained 38.56% phospholipids. The content of glycolipids, cerebroside, lactosylceramide, ganglioside GM3, ganglioside GD3, was 0.97%, 0.55%, 0.09%, and 0.14%, respectively. Rancimat results showed that the oxidation stability of fish oil increased with an increase in the polar-lipid fraction by more than 30 times. In addition, the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with 0.1 to 100 ppm of the polar lipid fraction. In this study, polar lipid concentrates with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, were prepared from milk processing by-products. The MFGM polar lipid concentrates made from by-products are not only additives for infants, but are also likely to be used as antioxidants in cooking oils and as active ingredients for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanhyoung Lee
- Doosan Corporation, Solus, Suwon 16229, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ara Kim
- Doosan Corporation, Solus, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- BK21 Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- BK21 Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Kim S, Jo K, Hong KB, Han SH, Suh HJ. GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep. Pharm Biol 2019; 57:65-73. [PMID: 30707852 PMCID: PMC6366437 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1557698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABAA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the potential synergistic sleep enhancement effect of GABA/l-theanine mixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pentobarbital-induced sleep test was applied to find proper concentration for sleep-promoting effect in ICR mice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was performed to investigate total sleeping time and sleep quality in normal SD rats and caffeine-induced awareness model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to investigate whether the sleep-promoting mechanism of GABA/l-theanine mixture involved transcriptional processes. RESULTS GABA/l-theanine mixture (100/20 mg/kg) showed a decrease in sleep latency (20.7 and 14.9%) and an increase in sleep duration (87.3 and 26.8%) compared to GABA or theanine alone. GABA/l-theanine mixture led to a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) (99.6%) and non-REM (NREM) (20.6%) compared to controls. The use of GABA/l-theanine mixture rather than GABA or l-theanine alone restored to normal levels sleep time and quality in the arousal animal model. The administration of GABA/l-theanine led to increased expression of GABA and the glutamate GluN1 receptor subunit. CONCLUSIONS GABA/l-theanine mixture has a positive synergistic effect on sleep quality and duration as compared to the GABA or l-theanine alone. The increase in GABA receptor and GluN1 expression is attributed to the potential neuromodulatory properties of GABA/l-theanine combination, which seems to affect sleep behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeon Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Sung Hee Han
- BK21 Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang B, Kim CY, Hwang J, Jo K, Kim S, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Punicalagin, a Pomegranate-Derived Ellagitannin, Suppresses Obesity and Obesity-Induced Inflammatory Responses Via the Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900574. [PMID: 31444955 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Punicalagin (PCG) is one of the most abundant phytochemicals found in pomegranates. The effects and mechanistic action of PCG on obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory and oxidant responses are investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of PCG on adipogenesis is examined using Oil red O staining. The effects and mechanism of action of PCG on inflammatory responses are determined in adipocyte-conditioned medium (ACM)-cultured macrophages, a cell-to-cell contact system, and a transwell system. The effects of PCG on obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory/oxidant responses are examined in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. PCG effectively suppresses lipid accumulation in adipocytes and adipocyte-induced inflammatory responses in adipocyte-macrophage co-culture systems. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection indicates that the PCG-mediated anti-inflammatory effect is exerted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Nrf2/Keap1) pathway. PCG administration results in a significant reduction in body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights. PCG favorably regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, downregulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrates that PCG differentially modulates the distribution of complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit (CD11c) and cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206). PCG regulates the level of antioxidant and oxidant molecules by activating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS PCG ameliorates obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses via activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, suggesting that PCG has potential as an oral agent to control obesity-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Kang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hwang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the extracts of green romaine lettuce (GRE) on sleep enhancement. GRE contains 1071.7 and 199.2 µg/g of extracts of lactucin and lactucopicrin, respectively, known as sleep enhancement substances. When 100 mg/kg of GRE was administered orally, sleep latency and duration time were significantly increased compared to controls (p < 0.05). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep decreased with 100 mg/kg of GRE administration and non-REM (NREM) sleep also increased. There was no significant difference between REM and NREM among the oral GRE administration groups receiving 100, 120, and 160 mg/kg GRE. In the caffeine-induced insomnia model, total sleep time was significantly increased by 100 mg/kg GRE administration compared to the caffeine-treated group (p < 0.05). In addition, GRE inhibited the binding of [3H]-flumazenil in a concentration-dependent manner, and affinity of both lactucin and lactucopicrin to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A-benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptor was 80.7% and 55.9%, respectively. Finally, in the pentobarbital-induced sleep mouse model, the sleep enhancement effect of GRE was inhibited by flumazenil, an antagonist of BDZ. Thus, these results demonstrate that GRE acts via a GABAergic mechanism to promote sleep in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Won Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University
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Jo K, Kim H, Choi HS, Lee SS, Bang MH, Suh HJ. Isolation of a sleep-promoting compound from Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1833-1842. [PMID: 30483448 PMCID: PMC6233407 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify sleep-promoting substance from Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome extract (PSE) with the regulation of sleep architecture. PSE showed a decrease in sleep latency time and an increase in the sleeping time. In the electroencephalography analysis of rats, PSE (150 mg/kg) showed an increase of non-rapid eye movement by 38% and a decrease of rapid eye movement by 31% compared to the control. This sleep-promoting activity was found to be involved in the GABAA-BDZ receptor. The chemical structure of the pure compound was determined by the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis; active compound was glyceryl-1-monolinoleate. The commercial standard glyceryl-1-monolinoleate showed a similar inhibitory concentration on [3H]-flumazenil binding to GABAA-BDZ receptors with final active fraction of PSE. The results indicate that glyceryl-1-monolinoleate is a major active compound responsible for the PSE-derived sleep promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 07249 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, 01797 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Su Lee
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Myun-Ho Bang
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 07249 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The sleep-promoting effects of the water extract of Nelumbo nucifera seeds (NNE) were investigated in an invertebrate model. The effects of NNE on the subjective nighttime activity, sleep episodes, and sleep time were determined using Drosophila melanogaster and locomotor activity monitoring systems in basal and caffeine-induced arousal conditions. The movements of fruit flies were analyzed using the Noldus EthoVision-XT system, and the levels of neuromodulators were analyzed using HPLC. Expression of neuromodulator receptors was analyzed using real-time PCR. NNE was shown to contain neurotransmission-related components; γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (2.33±0.22 mg/g), tryptophan (2.00±0.06 mg/g), quinidine (0.55±0.33 mg/g), and neferine (0.16±0.01 mg/g). The total activity of flies during nighttime was decreased by 52% with 1.0% NNE treatment. In the individual and collective conditions, the subjective nighttime activities (45/38%) and sleep bouts (20/14%) of flies was significantly decreased with NNE treatment, while total sleep times (10/27%) were significantly increased. This sleep-promoting effect is more pronounced in caffeine-treated conditions; the nighttime activity of flies was reduced by 53%, but total sleep time was increased by 60%. Our video-tracking analysis showed a significant decrease of the moving distance and velocity of flies by NNE. This NNE-mediated sleep-promoting effect was associated with up-regulation of GABAA/GABAB and serotonin receptors. The NNE-mediated increase of GABA content was identified in flies. These results demonstrate that NNE effectively promotes sleep in flies by regulating the GABAergic/serotonergic neuromodulators, and could be an alternative agent for sleep promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University
| | | | | | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University
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Jo K, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome promotes sleep by regulating non-rapid eye movement and GABAergic/serotonergic receptors in rodent models. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:167-175. [PMID: 29857295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the sleep-promoting effect of a water extract of the Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome (PSE) in rodent models. PSE contained oleamide (0.10 mg/g extract) and glyceryl monolinoleate (0.17 mg/g extract), which are recognized as sleep-promoting substances. In pentobarbital-induced sleep model at hypnotic level, PSE (160 mg/kg) administration significantly decreased sleep latency time by 29% (2.7 min) and increased sleep duration time by 70% (68.4 min) compared with the normal control (3.8 min and 40.7 min, respectively). In the electroencephalography (EEG) analysis of rats, PSE-mediated sleep promotion accompanied the change of sleep architecture including increase of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and decrease of REM. This sleep promoting effect was more obvious in caffeine-induced awakening model; total sleep time was increased by 40% along with increased NREM by PSE treatment at 160 mg/kg. In addition, PSE significantly increased the protein and mRNA levels of GABAA-R2 and 5-HT1A receptor, the major sleep-related neurotransmitter receptors. Furthermore, glyceryl monolinoleate and oleamide effectively bound to GABAA receptor in a competitive binding assay. These results indicate that PSE-mediated sleep-promoting effect is associated with the extension of NREM and upregulation of GABAA-R2 and 5-HT1A, and is mediated by binding to the GABAA receptor in vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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Han SH, Kim HD, Jo K, Shin JC, Suh HJ. Preparation of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Extract Powder and Its Sleep Potentiating Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2018.47.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jo K, Jeon S, Ahn CW, Han SH, Suh HJ. Changes in Drosophila melanogaster Sleep-Wake Behavior Due to Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) Seed and Hwang Jeong ( Polygonatum sibiricum) Extracts. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 22:293-299. [PMID: 29333381 PMCID: PMC5758092 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the sleep enhancement activity of the medicinal herbs valerian (Valeriana officinalis), jujube (Ziziphus jujube), lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera), Gastrodia elata, Polygonatum sibiricum, and baekbokryung (Poria cocos), which can relieve insomnia in a Drosophila model. Locomotor activity was measured in the Drosophila model to evaluate the sleep activity of Korean medicinal herbs traditionally used as sleep aids. The group treated with lotus seed extract showed less nocturnal activity. Treatment with 10 or 20 mg/mL of P. sibiricum significantly reduced nocturnal activity compared to the control group (P<0.05). The activity and sleep bouts of fruit flies were significantly decreased by a high-dose treatment (10 mg/mL) of lotus or P. sibiricum extracts at night. Caffeine-treated Drosophila showed increased nocturnal activity and decreased total sleep time (P<0.05). Flies receiving the 10 mg-doses of lotus seed or P. sibiricum extract showed significantly different nocturnal locomotor activity and total sleep time compared to caffeine-treated Drosophila. Lotus seed and P. sibiricum extracts are attractive and valuable sleep-potentiating nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - SangDuk Jeon
- Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Ahn
- Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Lee N, Jo K, Kim K, Yang J, Chang J, Na D. Intra-arterial delivery of human mesenchymal stem cells into the brains of New Zealand white rabbits. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lim Y, Jo K, Ha HS, Yim HW, Yoon KH, Lee WC, Son HY, Baek KH, Kang MI. The prevalence of osteoporosis and the rate of bone loss in Korean adults: the Chungju metabolic disease cohort (CMC) study. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1453-1459. [PMID: 28083665 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because the rate of bone loss is an important risk factor for fracture, we studied longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD). Although the BMD of the hip decreased over time, spine BMD remained largely stable or increased. Therefore, spine BMD may not be appropriate for assessing BMD change. INTRODUCTION The rate of age-dependent bone loss has been shown to be an important risk factor for fracture. However, longitudinal rates of BMD loss in Korea have not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in BMD in Korea. METHODS This cohort study was performed in a population of individuals 40 years of age or older living in the rural area of Chungju City, Korea. A second BMD examination was conducted approximately 4 years after a baseline examination. A total of 3755 of the 6007 subjects completed the follow-up visit, corresponding to a follow-up rate of 62.51%. RESULTS The age-standardized osteoporosis prevalence was 12.81% in males and 44.35% in females. In males, the average annual BMD loss at the total hip increased from -0.25% per year in their 40s to -1.12% per year in their 80s. In females, the average annual BMD loss at the total hip increased from -0.69% per year in their 40s to -1.51% per year in their 80s. However, the average annual percentage change in spine BMD in females increased from -0.91% per year in their 40s to +1.39% per year in their 80s. CONCLUSIONS A substantial number of subjects had osteoporosis, even though we standardized the prevalence of osteoporosis. In total hip, the mean BMD was decreased during the follow-up period; in addition, the annual percentage loss increased with age. However, spine BMD remained approximately stable or increased over time and therefore may not be appropriate for assessing BMD change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - K Jo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - H-S Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - H-W Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
- Clinical Research Coordinating Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - K-H Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - W-C Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - H-Y Son
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - K H Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
| | - M-I Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
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Jo K, Hong K, Park Y, Suh HJ. Effects of Valerian/Hop Mixture on Sleep Quality in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Model. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Food and NutritionKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ki‐Bae Hong
- Food and NutritionKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Food and NutritionKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Food and NutritionKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Kim B, Kim K, Jeon P, Kim S, Kim H, Byun H, Cha J, Hong S, Jo K. Thromboembolic complications in patients with clopidogrel resistance after coil embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1786-92. [PMID: 24831597 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antiplatelet resistance is known to be associated with symptomatic ischemic complication after endovascular coil embolization. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between antiplatelet resistance and clinically silent thromboembolic complications using DWI in patients who underwent coil embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between October 2011 and May 2013, 58 patients with 62 unruptured aneurysms who were measured for antiplatelet response using VerifyNow assay and underwent elective coil embolization for an unruptured aneurysm with posttreatment DWI were enrolled. Diffusion-positive lesions were classified into 3 groups according to the number of lesions (n=0 [grade 0], n<6 [grade I], and n≥6 [grade II]). The relationship between antiplatelet resistance and diffusion-positive lesions was analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-two endovascular coiling procedures were performed on 58 patients. Clopidogrel resistance was revealed in 23 patients (39.7%) and diffusion-positive lesions were demonstrated in 28 patients (48.3%); these consisted of 19 (32.8%) grade I and 9 (15.5%) grade II lesions. Clopidogrel resistance was not relevant to the development of any diffusion-positive lesion (grade I and II, P=.789) but was associated with the development of multiple diffusion-positive lesions (grade II, P=.002). In the logistic regression prediction model, clopidogrel resistance showed significant correlation with the development of grade II lesions (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS Multiple diffusion-positive lesions (≥6 in number) occurred more frequently in patients with clopidogrel resistance after endovascular coiling for unruptured aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - K Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - P Jeon
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - S Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - H Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - H Byun
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - J Cha
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - S Hong
- Neurosurgery (S.H., K.J.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Jo
- Neurosurgery (S.H., K.J.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jo K, Jeong C, Lee S, Shin D, Park J, Park S, Lim Y. A Reusable Proton Range Compensator and Verification of Its Functionality. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cho DY, Jo K, Cho SY, Kim JM, Lim K, Suh HJ, Oh S. Antioxidant Effect and Functional Properties of Hydrolysates Derived from Egg-White Protein. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014; 34:362-71. [PMID: 26761178 PMCID: PMC4597870 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.3.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized commercially available proteolytic enzymes to prepare egg-white protein hydrolysates (EPHs) with different degrees of hydrolysis. The antioxidant effect and functionalities of the resultant products were then investigated. Treatment with Neutrase yielded the most α-amino groups (6.52 mg/mL). Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Protamex, and Ficin showed similar degrees of α-amino group liberation (3.19-3.62 mg/mL). Neutrase treatment also resulted in the highest degree of hydrolysis (23.4%). Alcalase and Ficin treatment resulted in similar degrees of hydrolysis. All hydrolysates, except for the Flavourzyme hydrolysate, had greater radical scavenging activity than the control. The Neutrase hydrolysate showed the highest 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (IC50=3.6mg/mL). Therefore, Neutrase was identified as the optimal enzyme for hydrolyzing egg-white protein to yield antioxidant peptides. During Neutrase hydrolysis, the reaction rate was rapid over the first 4 h, and then subsequently declined. The IC50 value was lowest after the first hour (2.99 mg/mL). The emulsifying activity index (EAI) of EPH treated with Neutrase decreased, as the pH decreased. The EPH foaming capacity was maximal at pH 3.6, and decreased at an alkaline pH. Digestion resulted in significantly higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The active peptides released from egg-white protein showed antioxidative activities on ABTS and DHHP radical. Thus, this approach may be useful for the preparation of potent antioxidant products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Korea
| | - So Young Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kwangsei Lim
- Dairy Food R&D Center, Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd. Pyungtaek 451-861, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Korea; BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Kim J, Kim CS, Sohn E, Lee YM, Jo K, Shin SD, Kim JS. Aminoguanidine protects against apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:1573-1578. [PMID: 24943965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) mediated downstream signaling pathways have been suggested to have retinoprotective actions in diabetic retinopathy. Herein, we examined the protective effects of aminoguanidine (AG), an AGEs inhibitor, on diabetes-induced injury of retinal ganglion cells in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven-week-old male ZDF rats were treated with AG (50 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally for 13 weeks. Serum and vitreous concentration of AGEs were examined. Expressions of AGEs and its receptor (RAGE) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Southwestern histochemistry was used to detect activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB. RESULTS At the end of the study, vitreal levels of AGEs were significantly reduced in ZDF rats treated with AG. Similary, immunohistochemical analysis showed that AG significantly reduced the positive areas for AGEs and RAGE. Furthermore, AG strongly inhibited the loss of retinal ganglion cells by apoptosis. AG also suppressed the activation of to NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AG has retinoprotective properties through not only direct inhibition of AGEs formation but also downregulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Korean Medicine Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Jin S, Jo K. Long-term prognostic factors for microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cho S, Shin J, Park S, Jeong C, Jo K, Shin D, Lim Y. SU-E-T-112: Dose Distribution Verification of Proton Beam Using Light Output On Scintillation Plate. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kim D, Lee MS, Jo K, Lee KE, Hwang JK. Therapeutic potential of panduratin A, LKB1-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase stimulator, with activation of PPARα/δ for the treatment of obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:584-93. [PMID: 21320266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators have shown potential as therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate therapeutic potential of panduratin (PAN) A, a natural AMPK stimulator, with activation of PPARα/δ for the treatment of obesity. METHODS We used the novel AMPK activator PAN A, a natural compound isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata rhizomes, to investigate the regulation of LKB1-dependent AMPK-PPARα/δ signalling by western blot, reporter gene assay and small interfering RNA knockdown analysis. In addition, the antiobesity effects of PAN A were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. RESULTS PAN A stimulated AMPK signalling, induced nuclear translocation of the AMPKα2 subunit and activated PPARα/δ; LKB1, a kinase that lies upstream of AMPK, mediated these effects. PAN A stimulated the direct binding of the AMPKα2 subunit to PPARα/δ, but PPARδ activation required direct interaction with PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Further, PAN A (50 mg/kg/day) reduced weight gain, fat mass, fatty liver and improved serum lipid profiles in obese mice. Additionally, PAN A reduced ectopic fat accumulation and increased the proportion of slow-twitch myofibres and mitochondria content in skeletal muscle, thereby increasing running endurance. CONCLUSIONS PAN A, an LKB1-dependent AMPK stimulator, activated PPARα/δ and attenuated HFD-induced obesity and dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Our findings suggest that PAN A is a potent AMPK activator and show a novel molecular mechanism for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The conformation and dynamics of a single DNA molecule undergoing oscillatory pressure-driven flow in microfluidic channels is studied using Brownian dynamics simulations, accounting for hydrodynamic interactions between segments in the bulk and between the chain and the walls. Oscillatory flow provides a scenario under which the polymers may remain in the channel for an indefinite amount of time as they are stretched and migrate away from the channel walls. We show that by controlling the chain length, flow rate and oscillatory flow frequency, we are able to manipulate the chain extension and the chain migration from the channel walls. The chain stretch and the chain depletion layer thickness near the wall are found to increase as the Weissenberg number increases and as the oscillatory frequency decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703
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