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Rice JK, Anderson-Carpenter KD, Ellis JD. Risk factors of substance use treatment gaps among a nationally representative sample of black American adults in relation to sexual minority status and health insurance coverage. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:271. [PMID: 38750576 PMCID: PMC11094979 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has investigated predictors of specialty substance use treatment gaps among Black adults. This study examined differential odds of experiencing self-reported, past-year treatment gaps among Black adults with respect to sexual minority status and health insurance coverage, accounting for social cofactors. METHOD This cross-sectional study comprised 36,098 Black Americans aged 18 and older who completed the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and provided responses for all selected survey items. Design-based multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine predictors of drug and alcohol treatment gaps. RESULTS Sexual minority Black adults reported greater odds of experiencing treatment gaps to specialty treatment (i.e., inpatient hospital, inpatient/outpatient rehabilitation facility, or mental health center) compared to Black heterosexuals in adjusted models (Gay or lesbian: AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.39-2.89; Bisexual: AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.77-3.12), with bisexual Black women experiencing the greatest odds (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.33-4.14). Black adults with no health insurance were significantly more likely to report substance use treatment gaps relative to their peers with health insurance coverage (AOR = 50, 95% CI = 1.26-1.78). CONCLUSION The results suggest a critical need for more investigations into patterns of specialty substance use treatment gaps within Black populations and for developing sexual identity-affirming mechanisms for closing the disparity gap, particularly for Black sexual minorities and those who lack health insurance coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah K Rice
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Javon D Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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2
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Lee YH, Chang YC, Shelley M, López Castillo H. Sexual minority identifiers and their perception of illicit drug use risks in the US: Results from a National Survey. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:183-191. [PMID: 38735263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the relationship between sexual identities and perception of risks associated with illicit drug use among a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS We analyzed data from five waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2015-2019), with 205,418 adult participants. Six survey questions assessing participants' perceptions of the risks associated with illicit drug use (LSD, heroin, and cocaine) were subjected to principal component analysis. Sex-stratified ordered logistic regressions were used to explore potential disparities in perceptions regarding the risk associated with illicit drug use among sexual minority identifiers. RESULTS Among male participants, approximately 11.3% and 1.8% of them perceived illicit drug use as moderate and low risks, respectively. About 6.0% of female participants perceived illicit drug use as moderate risk, and 1.1% of female participants perceived it as low risk. The sex-stratified regression models demonstrated that participants who identified as lesbian/gay or bisexual all had higher odds of reporting low perception of illicit drug use risks as compared to their heterosexual counterparts (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Illicit drug use prevention strategies should consider risk perception disparities by sexual minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Han Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Academic Health Sciences Center, University of Central Florida. Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Yen-Chang Chang
- Center for General Education, National Tsing Human University, Taiwan
| | - Mack Shelley
- Departments of Statistics and Political Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University. Ames, IA, United States
| | - Humberto López Castillo
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Academic Health Sciences Center, University of Central Florida. Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Academic Health Sciences Center, University of Central Florida. Orlando, FL, United States.
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3
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Stamates AL, Schulz CT, Charvis JS, Ehlke SJ, Kelley ML. Impulsivity, sex-related alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and sexual risk-taking among bisexual women. Am J Addict 2024; 33:297-304. [PMID: 37924254 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES According to the acquired preparedness model, personality traits, such as impulsivity, may influence the learning process, contributing to heightened expectations surrounding risky behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, sexual risk-taking). As bisexual women demonstrate heightened risk for hazardous alcohol- and sex-related behaviors, the present study examined a sequential pathway, whereby the relation between impulsivity and sexual risk-taking is mediated through sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. METHODS Data were collected from 225 self-identified cisgender, bisexual women between the ages of 18 and 30 years (M = 22.77, SD = 3.45), who participated in an online survey. Participants reported on impulsivity, sex-related alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and experiences of sexual risk-taking. RESULTS Results revealed that sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use sequentially mediated the relation between impulsivity and sexual risk-taking. Thus, greater impulsivity was related to greater sexual risk-taking through heightened sex-related alcohol expectancies and elevated alcohol use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study highlight mechanisms associated with risky drinking and sexual behaviors among this at-risk population. Such information could aid the development of more efficacious prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing consequences associated with alcohol use and sexual risk-taking among bisexual women. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Bisexual women are at heightened risk for alcohol-related problems, including sexual risk-taking. Findings from the current study identify impulsivity and sex-related alcohol expectancies as independent and integrative predictors of such risky behaviors. Incorporation of these constructs may aid in the development of more efficacious clinical methods aimed at bettering health outcomes among bisexual women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Stamates
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christina T Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jodi S Charvis
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sarah J Ehlke
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle L Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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4
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Ross EJ, Jimenez DE, Ghanooni D, Mendez A, Hirshfield S, Horvath KJ, DeVries B, Dilworth SE, Carrico AW, Martinez CA. Loneliness, Methamphetamine Use, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Sexual Minority Men in the COVID-19 Era. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10288-0. [PMID: 38684565 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important gaps exist in our understanding of loneliness and biobehavioral outcomes among sexual minority men (SMM), such as faster HIV disease progression. At the same time, SMM who use methamphetamine are approximately one-third more likely than non-users to develop cardiovascular disease. This study examined associations of loneliness, stimulant use, and cardiovascular risk in SMM with and without HIV. METHOD Participants were enrolled from August 2020 to February 2022 in a 6-month prospective cohort study. The study leveraged self-report baseline data from 103 SMM, with a subset of 56 SMM that provided a blood sample to measure markers of cardiovascular risk. RESULTS Loneliness showed negative bivariate associations with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the cardiometabolic subsample (n = 56). SMM with methamphetamine use (t(101) = 2.03, p < .05; d = .42) and those that screened positive for a stimulant use disorder (t(101) = 2.07, p < .05; d = .46) had significantly higher mean loneliness scores. In linear regression analyses, negative associations of loneliness with LDL and total cholesterol were observed only among SMM who used methamphetamine. CONCLUSION We observed lower cholesterol in SMM reporting loneliness and methamphetamine use. Thus, in addition to the observed associations of loneliness with cholesterol, there are important medical consequences of methamphetamine use including cardiovascular risk, higher HIV acquisition risk and progression, as well as stimulant overdose death. This cross-sectional study underscores the need for clinical research to develop and test interventions targeting loneliness among SMM with stimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Ross
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel E Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1436, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Delaram Ghanooni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Armando Mendez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10 Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Department of Medicine, STAR Program, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Keith J Horvath
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, Alvarado Court, San Diego, 6363, CA, USA
| | - Britt DeVries
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, 550 16 Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Claudia A Martinez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Cardiology and Interventional Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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5
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Sönmez İ. How Does Sexual Identity-Attraction Discordance Influence Suicide Risk? A Study on Male and Female Adults in the U.S. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:686-700. [PMID: 37303190 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2220757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide continues to be one of the main causes of death among adults in the U.S. Research showed an association between sexual identity-attraction discordance (IAD) and adverse health outcomes, including suicidal ideation. METHODS We sought to determine whether sexual IAD is associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), namely suicidal thoughts, plans, and suicide attempts, in the past year. We examined data from adults participating in the most recent six waves (2015-2020) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. RESULTS Men who report sexual identity-attraction discordance were at greater risk of reporting suicidal thoughts (aOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.24-6.00) and plans (aOR = 5.71, 95% CI: 3.32-9.81) in the past year. Stratified by sexual identity, results showed that gay (aOR = 5.92, 95% CI: 1.54-22.7) and bisexual men (aOR = 4.38, 95% CI: 2.17-8.83) had higher odds of reporting suicide plans and heterosexual (aOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.06-6.68), gay (aOR = 7.05, 95% CI: 1.88-26.4), and bisexual men (aOR = 5.30, 95% CI: 4.37-22.9) had higher odds of suicide attempts when compared to men with concordant sexual identity-attraction. We found that bisexual women who report sexual identity-attraction discordance had less odds of reporting suicidal thoughts (aOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21-0.63) and suicide plans (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.89) than women with concordant sexual identity-attraction. Among bisexual-identified males, those who experience sexual identity-attraction discordance were at greater risk for past-year suicidal thoughts (aOR = 3.82, 95% CI: 2.12-6.91) and suicide attempts (aOR = 5.30, 95% CI: 2.13-13.1) when compared to bisexual men with concordant sexual identity-attraction. CONCLUSION Sexual IAD is associated with SITB and particularly concerning results emerged concerning bisexual-identified men.
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Gatanaga O, Palamar JJ, Lim S. Prevalence of Substance Use Among Asian Sexual Minority Individuals in the United States, 2015-2020. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:257-263. [PMID: 36849255 PMCID: PMC10460460 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2181242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Asian sexual minorities (SMs) are an under-researched population. SMs are at higher risk for substance use problems than heterosexuals, but little research exists specifically on Asians who are SM. This study compared the prevalence of substance use among Asian SMs and among adults by race/ethnicity and sexual identity in the US. Data were analyzed from participants in the 2015-2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized adults. Controlling for demographic characteristics, logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of substance use 1) among Asian adults by sexual identity (N = 11,079) and 2) all adults by race/ethnicity and sexual minority status (N = 223,971). Among Asians, compared to heterosexuals, identifying as gay/lesbian was associated with higher odds of past-month use of marijuana. Bisexual Asians were at higher odds of engaging in past-year prescription opioid misuse and having past-year alcohol use disorder (AUD). Compared to White heterosexuals, Asian SMs were at lower odds for past-month binge drinking and cocaine use, but not for past-month marijuana use and past-year AUD, marijuana use disorder, and prescription opioid misuse. More research is needed to understand these disparities and address sexual identity's role in substance use among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohshue Gatanaga
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph J. Palamar
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sahnah Lim
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Tardelli VS, Fidalgo TM, Martins SS. Z-Drug Use and Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse Among LGB Populations: The Role of Psychological Distress. J Addict Med 2024:01271255-990000000-00302. [PMID: 38557937 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Z-drugs (hypnotics such as zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon) and benzodiazepines (BZDs) are sedative medications with misuse liability. The goals of this study are to report the (1) prevalence of past-year any Z-drug use, any BZD use, and any BZD misuse by sexual identity category and psychological distress; (2) associations among these 3 categories between sexual identity and past-year psychological distress; (3) associations among these 3 categories with sexual identity by past-year psychological distress status. METHODS Data were collected from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (years 2015-2019 [n = 210,392]), a yearly representative national household survey of the American population. We report prevalences of any Z-drug use, any BZD use, and any BZD misuse by sexual identity and past-year psychological distress status. We ran logistic regressions with complex survey design with the 3 dichotomous variables described above as the dependent variables, stratified and not-stratified by psychological distress. RESULTS Prevalence of any Z-drug an BZD use and any BZD misuse were higher among LGB (lesbian/gay/bisexual) populations, especially gay men and bisexual women. Psychological distress was positively associated with any Z-drug and BZD use and any BZD misuse. Women were at higher risk of Z-drug (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.37) and BZD use (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.55-1.73), but lower risk of BZD misuse (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88). When stratifying by psychological distress, differences between LGB and heterosexuals were more pronounced among those without past-year psychological distress, especially gay men and bisexual women. CONCLUSIONS The presence of psychological distress attenuates the disparities between LGB and heterosexual individuals in Z-drug use and BZD use and misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor S Tardelli
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (VST, TMF); and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY (SSM)
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8
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Beatty A, Shepard E, Bickford E, Weyandt L. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescription Stimulant Use in Adults: A Systematic Review. PHARMACY 2024; 12:52. [PMID: 38525732 PMCID: PMC10961765 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NPSU) is an ongoing public health crisis in the United States. There exists, however, a dearth of research investigating specific childhood risk factors that may contribute to this illicit use. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be a significant risk factor to address in the prevention and treatment of NPSU, as research has provided evidence for increased substance use, potentially including prescription stimulant misuse, among individuals who have experienced trauma. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to gather and synthesize research articles specifically examining the relationship between nonmedical prescription stimulant use in adults and the experience of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Four studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The results demonstrated that the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in adults is significantly associated with ACEs, with a higher numerical count of ACEs associated with a greater likelihood of nonmedical prescription stimulant use. Gaps in the literature were identified, specifically noting a lack of information available regarding the relationship between ACEs and NPSU within gender- and racially diverse populations. The findings have implications for informing interventions related to ACEs and the misuse of prescription stimulant medication in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Beatty
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Emily Shepard
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Erek Bickford
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Lisa Weyandt
- Department of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Perez-Figueroa AM, Lefevor GT, Lake K, Golightly R, Berg C. Tending to the Flock: The Experiences of LDS Clergy with LGBTQ Congregants. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2024; 78:16-23. [PMID: 38317285 DOI: 10.1177/15423050241227984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Clergy from theologically conservative churches face challenges in providing counsel to LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning) congregants and use diverse strategies to address them. Thirty-three clergy from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints participated in a qualitative survey. Results revealed that implementing church policy while simultaneously addressing the needs of LGBTQ congregants and diverging views posed challenges for clergy. Focusing on listening, love, and spiritual counsel while avoiding messages of defectiveness were helpful for LGBTQ congregants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Tyler Lefevor
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kyrstin Lake
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Connor Berg
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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10
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Stamates AL, Schulz CT, Rothstein MC, Todaro SM, Ehlke SJ, Kelley ML. Subtypes of Alcohol Expectancies Are Differentially Associated With Alcohol Use for Bisexual and Heterosexual Women. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1167-1173. [PMID: 38424725 PMCID: PMC11045303 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2321258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background: Bisexual women, compared to heterosexual women, report greater amounts of alcohol use and heavy drinking. Alcohol expectancies (i.e., beliefs about alcohol outcomes) are a strong predictor of alcohol use, but few studies have examined the importance of alcohol expectancies in relation to alcohol use among bisexual women specifically or in comparison to heterosexual women. Objectives: The current study examined 262 heterosexual and 225 bisexual women using an online survey about alcohol use, sexual risk-taking, and alcohol expectancy subtypes (sexuality, tension reduction, and aggression). Results: Compared to heterosexual women, bisexual women reported greater sexuality and tension reduction expectancies after accounting for their level of drinking, but groups did not differ on aggression expectancies. Moreover, sexual identity status moderated the associations between sexuality and tension reduction expectancies and alcohol use, respectively. Specifically, our study findings suggested that sexuality and tension reduction alcohol expectancies were more strongly tied to alcohol use among bisexual women than heterosexual women. Conclusions: Taken together, in our study, bisexual women held stronger sexuality and tension reduction expectancies, as compared to heterosexual women. Interventions targeting alcohol expectancies may be considered when tailoring intervention content for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Stamates
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - C T Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M C Rothstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - S M Todaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - S J Ehlke
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - M L Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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11
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Todaro SM, Schulz CT, Rothstein M, Stamates AL, Ehlke S, Kelley M. Normative Perceptions of Sexual Behavior and Alcohol Use among Bisexual Women. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:785-791. [PMID: 38229244 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2302150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Background: As compared to heterosexual and lesbian women, bisexual women report higher rates of alcohol, other substance use, and risky sexual behavior, and they experience more negative outcomes from these behaviors. Descriptive norms (i.e., perceptions of others' behavior) are an important predictor of risky behaviors, but scant research has examined whether bisexual women's perceptions of other bisexual women's alcohol use and sexual behavior are associated with their own alcohol or drug use during sex. Objectives: Consequently, the present study examined (1) whether perceived sex norms were related to engagement in sex and (2) the relative influence of drinking and sex norms on engaging in sex while drinking among bisexual women. Method: Data were collected from 225 self-identified bisexual women who completed an online survey about their typical weekly alcohol use, engagement in alcohol or drug use during sex in the past 30 days, and normative perceptions of drinking and sexual behavior. Results: Regression models demonstrated both sexual norms and drinking frequency norms were positively associated with alcohol or drug use during sex. In addition, only perceived norms of other bisexual women, compared to perceived norms of lesbian and heterosexual women, predicted engagement in sex. Conclusions: Bisexual women may be susceptible to normative perceptions, given their connectedness to a marginalized social group. Thus, alcohol prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing risky consequences among bisexual women should specifically consider drinking and sexual norms of other bisexual women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Ehlke
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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12
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Bleasdale J, Wilson K, Aidoo-Frimpong G, Gabriel SJ, Przybyla SM. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Health Education in Healthcare Professional Graduate Programs: A Comparison of Medical, Nursing, and Pharmacy Students. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:193-206. [PMID: 35984396 PMCID: PMC10804216 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Relative to cisgender heterosexual persons, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people experience greater health inequities, thereby affecting their engagement in care. One strategy to address these disparities is to educate future healthcare professionals to provide nondiscriminatory care to LGBT people. The goal of this study was to explore the perceived coverage of LGBT health education topics in graduate-level medical (MD), pharmacy (PharmD) and nursing (DNP) curricula. Cross-sectional data were collected from web-based surveys (N = 733) completed by healthcare professional students enrolled at two universities in New York State. Of those who responded, 50.5% were MD, 38.9% were PharmD, and 10.6% were DNP students. Overall, mean scores indicated a dearth of perceived LGBT health coverage. Results demonstrated variations in coverage by degree program. Findings highlight the need to develop educational curricula inclusive of topics concerning LGBT patient health. Adequately educating the next generation of healthcare professionals can further promote healthcare engagement among LGBT persons and improve pedagogical practices in healthcare professional education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bleasdale
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kennethea Wilson
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Steven J Gabriel
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sarahmona M Przybyla
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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13
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Dusing GJ, Kim C, Nielsen A, Chum A. Disparities in alcohol- and substance-related hospitalizations and deaths across sexual orientations in Canada: a longitudinal study. Public Health 2024; 226:32-38. [PMID: 37995410 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to quantify disparities in substance-related acute events (i.e. hospitalizations and deaths for substances, including alcohol, cannabis, opioids, narcotics, and/or illicit drugs) across sexual orientations based on health administrative data. STUDY DESIGN This was a longitudinal analysis from six waves of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2009-2014) linked to hospitalization/mortality data in Ontario, Canada. METHODS The study sample consisted of survey respondents aged ≥15 (weighted n = 15,406,000) who provided a valid response to the question about sexual orientation. The primary outcome was substance-related acute events, including hospitalizations and deaths due to alcohol, cannabis, opioids, narcotics, and/or illicit drugs. Disparities in substance-related acute events across sexual orientation and gender were examined using flexible parametric survival analysis. RESULTS Bisexual women had hazard ratios of 2.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.46-4.15) for any substance-related acute event and 2.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.42-5.00) for non-alcohol substance acute events compared to heterosexual women. Lesbian women did not exhibit significant differences in acute event risk compared to heterosexual women. Gay and bisexual men demonstrated elevated but not statistically significant risks compared to heterosexual men. CONCLUSIONS Bisexual women face higher risks of substance-related acute events, potentially due to self-medication of unique stressors brought on by discrimination and isolation. Enhanced education and training for healthcare professionals are essential to increase awareness and sensitivity toward the heightened substance use risk among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing substance use problems among bisexual individuals warrant increased funding and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Dusing
- York University, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Canada
| | - C Kim
- York University, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Canada
| | - A Nielsen
- Canadian Institute of Health Information, Canada
| | - A Chum
- York University, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Canada; University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Canada.
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Struble CA, Borodovsky JT, Habib MI, Livne O, Walsh CA, Aharonovich E, Hasin DS, Budney AJ. Evaluating age-related disparities in cannabis-related problems among LGBT+ versus non-LGBT+ adults. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107861. [PMID: 37748224 PMCID: PMC10713017 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
LGBT+ adults demonstrate greater cannabis-related problems (e.g., Cannabis Use Disorder [CUD]) compared to non-LGBT+ counterparts. No study has explored age-related disparities in cannabis problems across the adult lifespan, nor have studies identified specific CUD criteria that contribute to elevated CUD among LGBT+ adults. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between LGBT+ identity and age with endorsement of CUD criteria in a sample of regular cannabis consumers. An online sample of N = 4334 (25.1% LGBT+) adults aged 18-64 residing in the U.S. completed an online survey about cannabis use behaviors and CUD diagnostic criteria. Bivariate contrasts revealed significantly greater CUD criteria endorsement among LGBT+ respondents, largely driven by differences at younger ages. However, this effect disappeared in the majority of adjusted logistic regression models. LGBT+ identity was associated with greater probability of use in larger amounts (adjOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.22-3.60) and use despite physical/mental health problems (adjOR = 2.51, 95% CI:1.23-5.03). No age*LGBT+ identity interactions were detected. Plotted trends depict more pronounced disparities in outcomes among LGBT+ adults under 35 years. Several potential risk and protective factors including employment, education, and reasons for use were identified. There were age-related differences in these characteristics among LGBT+ and non-LGBT+ respondents. Initial findings highlight the need for LGBT+ research examining trends in health outcomes and sociodemographic and cannabis characteristics across the lifespan. The study also provides a substantive contribution regarding specific cannabis-related problems that young LGBT+ cannabis consumers may be more likely to endorse than their non-LGBT+ counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Struble
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Williamson Translational Research Building, Third Floor HB 7261, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Jacob T Borodovsky
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Williamson Translational Research Building, Third Floor HB 7261, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Mohammad I Habib
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Williamson Translational Research Building, Third Floor HB 7261, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Ofir Livne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Claire A Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168(th) St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alan J Budney
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Williamson Translational Research Building, Third Floor HB 7261, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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15
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Sharma S, Shukla S, Kamate SK, Kalsi R, Jain M, Walia S, Kumari S. An Exploratory Research Comparing Oral Health, Pattern of Substance Abuse and Nicotine Dependence among LGBT, Female Sex Workers and Heterogenders. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:991-997. [PMID: 38317398 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ), female sex workers (FSW), and heterogenders are those unconventional groups of the society who are identified with major unacceptance. Thus, the present study is conducted to assess and compare the oral health status, substance abuse pattern and nicotine dependence using Fagerstrom nicotine dependence scale (FNDP) among the LGBTQ, FSW, and heterogender in a defined location of Gautam Buddha Nagar, district in West U.P. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present exploratory research included three study groups, the LGBTQ, FSW, and heterogenders (HG) residing in the same habitat. Purposive snowball sampling was conducted for the accessibility of the unapproachable population in the defined geographical location at Gautam Budha Nagar, district in West Uttar Pradesh. The data collection of a total of 177 participants was done using a pre-validated, pretested proforma consisting of three different parts including WHO oral health assessment form for adults, 2013, questionnaire regarding pattern of substance abuse and FNDS. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS Prevalence of oral health disorders including dental caries, periodontal disease as well as oral mucosal lesions were more commonly found among the LGBTQ participants followed by FSW and the differences were found to be statistically significant. In context of altered habits, 100% of the participants in the present study were reported with smokeless tobacco habits whereas majority of the FSW were reported with a habit of smoking tobacco. CONCLUSION In addition to belonging to ethnic and sexual minority, and having minimal or low education status, and low socioeconomic status, the present study groups are reported to have suboptimal access to quality healthcare and are further reported with high level of substance abuse as well as nicotine dependence. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study is an attempt to provide base line data for further research and provide data to the policy makers so as to increase the healthcare access to the present groups. How to cite this article: Sharma S, Shukla S, Kamate SK, et al. An Exploratory Research Comparing Oral Health, Pattern of Substance Abuse and Nicotine Dependence among LGBT, Female Sex Workers and Heterogenders. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(12):991-997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9958383743, e-mail:
| | - Sakshi Shukla
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivlingesh K Kamate
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly International University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rupali Kalsi
- Department of Dentistry, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meena Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manav Rachna Dental College, SDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Simon Walia
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Kumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Griffin BA, Schuler MS, Cefalu M, Ayer L, Godley M, Greifer N, Coffman DL, McCaffrey DF. A Tutorial for Propensity Score Weighting for Moderation Analysis With Categorical Variables: An Application Examining Smoking Disparities Among Sexual Minority Adults. Med Care 2023; 61:836-845. [PMID: 37782463 PMCID: PMC10840831 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide step-by-step guidance and STATA and R code for using propensity score (PS) weighting to estimate moderation effects with categorical variables. RESEARCH DESIGN Tutorial illustrating the key steps for estimating and testing moderation using observational data. Steps include: (1) examining covariate overlap across treatment groups within levels of the moderator; (2) estimating the PS weights; (3) evaluating whether PS weights improved covariate balance; (4) estimating moderated treatment effects; and (5) assessing the sensitivity of findings to unobserved confounding. Our illustrative case study uses data from 41,832 adults from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine if gender moderates the association between sexual minority status (eg, lesbian, gay, or bisexual [LGB] identity) and adult smoking prevalence. RESULTS For our case study, there were no noted concerns about covariate overlap, and we were able to successfully estimate the PS weights within each level of the moderator. Moreover, balance criteria indicated that PS weights successfully achieved covariate balance for both moderator groups. PS-weighted results indicated there was significant evidence of moderation for the case study, and sensitivity analyses demonstrated that results were highly robust for one level of the moderator but not the other. CONCLUSIONS When conducting moderation analyses, covariate imbalances across levels of the moderator can cause biased estimates. As demonstrated in this tutorial, PS weighting within each level of the moderator can improve the estimated moderation effects by minimizing bias from imbalance within the moderator subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Noah Greifer
- Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, MA
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17
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Watson RJ, Caba AE, Layland EK, Simon K, Morgan E, Edelman EJ, Chan PA, Eaton L. Co-occurring mental health and drug use experiences among Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual and gender diverse individuals. J Behav Med 2023; 46:986-995. [PMID: 37407904 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual and gender diverse individuals disproportionately experience overlapping health disparities, such as drug use and elevated depressive symptoms, which are often driven by minority stressors. We sought to better understand the interaction between drug use and mental health, as it may be fruitful in developing effective interventions to address co-occurring health disparities. In a longitudinal, 5-wave sample of 300 Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual and gender diverse (SGD) individuals collected between March 2020 and March 2022, we found a within-person association between greater than average levels of psychological distress (depression and anxiety) and more frequent extra-medical use of cannabis, inhalants, methamphetamines, and opioids over the span of two years. These associations held after adjusting for the direct, within-person association of internalized homonegativity with drug use frequency. These results suggest that psychological distress explains at least some variance in drug use among Black and Hispanic/Latino SGD individuals. This highlights the importance of interventions that focus on mental health among Black and Hispanic/Latino SGD individuals who report drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Antonia E Caba
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eric K Layland
- College of Education & Human Development, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kay Simon
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ethan Morgan
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Yale School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence Rhode, Island
| | - Lisa Eaton
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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18
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Janulis P, Jenness SM, Risher K, Phillips G, Mustanski B, Birkett M. Substance use and variation in sexual partnership rates among young MSM and young transgender women: Disaggregating between and within-person associations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 252:110968. [PMID: 37774516 PMCID: PMC10615872 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use has been extensively linked to sexual behavior and HIV/STI risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW). However, the impact of specific substances and on specific partnership types is not well characterized. The current study seeks to estimate the association between specific substances and partnership rates while carefully disaggregating between and within-person associations to characterize the nature of these associations and inform prevention interventions. METHODS Using data from a longitudinal cohort (n = 1159) of young MSM (YMSM) and young TW (YTW), we utilized a series of hybrid mixed effect models to estimate the associations between substance use (i.e., heavy episodic drinking [HED], marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, poppers, prescription stimulant, prescription painkiller, and prescription depressants) and partnerships (i.e., one-time, casual, and main). RESULTS Results from multivariable models indicated people using substances had higher one-time (HED, poppers) and casual (HED, methamphetamine, poppers) partnership rates. In addition, participants reported higher rates of one-time (HED, ecstasy, methamphetamine, poppers) and casual partners (HED, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, poppers) during periods of substance use. CONCLUSION These findings confirm that the highest rates of sexual activity occur among YMSM-YTW using substances during periods of substance use. Yet, these findings should caution researchers against simplistic generalizations as these associations differ across substance and partnership types. Efforts to promote the health of MSM-YTW who use substances should carefully consider this complexity as interventions accounting for the unique cultural context of substance use in these populations are most likely to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Janulis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, United States; Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, United States.
| | | | - Kathryn Risher
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, United States; Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, United States; Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, United States; Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, United States
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Schofield K, Cuttler C, Conner BT, Prince MA. Pot at the End of the Rainbow: Cannabis Use Among Sexual Minorities. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:942-948. [PMID: 36595520 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals (i.e., sexual minorities) use cannabis more frequently than heterosexuals; however, little research has directly compared sexual minorities' patterns of cannabis use (e.g., quantity, age of onset, forms of cannabis used) with heterosexuals. Some research has identified motivations for cannabis use in sexual minorities, but much of this research has been qualitative and/or narrow in scope (e.g., focused on sexual motivations). To the best of our knowledge, no previous research has used a validated measure to examine motives for cannabis use among sexual minorities. Additionally, cannabis use is known to be associated with mental health symptoms, but little research has examined relationships between cannabis use and mental health in this population. Materials and Methods: Data analyses were performed on archival survey data collected from 10 undergraduate psychology subject pools across the United States (N=4,669) as a part of Project ART (Addictions Research Team). Participants indicated their sexual orientation using a 5-point scale, and responses were used to classify participants into three groups: the majority of the sample (n=3,483) were classified into the heterosexual group, about one quarter were classified into the bisexual group (n=1,081), and a small number were classified into the gay group (n=105). Results: The bisexual group was more likely to report using cannabis. They also reported using cannabis more frequently, were more likely to report use of all product types (i.e., flower, concentrates, and edibles), and reported more severe symptoms of cannabis use disorder (CUD) than the heterosexual group. The bisexual group also reported higher levels of coping and enhancement motives for using cannabis and reported higher levels of all measured mental health symptoms (e.g., depression, suicidality, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety) compared with the heterosexual group. Conclusions: Increased frequency of cannabis use, use of a broad range of different products, and use of cannabis to cope with mental health concerns may be placing bisexual individuals at greater risk of CUD. Findings from this study can be used to guide future research and help target mental health interventions among bisexual individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Schofield
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Carrie Cuttler
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Bradley T Conner
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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20
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Zollweg SS, Belloir JA, Drabble LA, Everett B, Taylor JY, Hughes TL. Structural stigma and alcohol use among sexual and gender minority adults: A systematic review. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2023; 8:100185. [PMID: 37663525 PMCID: PMC10474584 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are more likely than their cisgender, heterosexual counterparts to report negative alcohol-related outcomes. Although the association between individual- and interpersonal-level minority stressors and negative alcohol-related outcomes among SGM people is well-established, structural-level minority stressors are understudied. This systematic review examined structural-level stigma and alcohol-related outcomes among SGM people to inform future research, interventions, and policy. Methods We used five electronic databases to search for studies published between January 2010 and May 2022 that examined associations between structural stigma and alcohol use among SGM adults in the United States. Peer-reviewed, quantitative studies available in English were included. We conducted quality appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results The final sample included 11 studies. Overall, there was moderate to strong support for a positive association between structural stigma and negative alcohol-related outcomes among SGM people, with differences by gender, sexual identity, race, and ethnicity. All studies used cross-sectional designs, and nearly half utilized non-probability samples. Transgender and nonbinary people, SGM people of color, and sexual identity subgroups beyond gay, lesbian, and heterosexual were underrepresented. Structural stigma was most commonly measured as a state-level index. Alcohol measures were heterogeneous. Multilevel stigma and resiliency factors were understudied. Conclusions Addressing structural stigma is critical in reducing negative alcohol-related outcomes and inequities among SGM people. Research is needed that includes probability samples, longitudinal designs, and samples that reflect the diversity of SGM people. Future studies should examine the influence of multilevel stigma and resiliency factors on alcohol-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Zollweg
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
- National Clinician Scholars Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 1100 Glendon Ave, Suite 900, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Joseph A. Belloir
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Laurie A. Drabble
- San Jose State University College of Health and Human Sciences, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St., #450, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Bethany Everett
- University of Utah, Department of Sociology, 380 S. 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Y. Taylor
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tonda L. Hughes
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
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21
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Magee T, Peters C, Jacobsen SM, Nees D, Dunford B, Ford AI, Vassar M. Inequities in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2023; 152:209082. [PMID: 37271346 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the lack of access to evidenced-based OUD treatment and the corresponding overdose crisis, researchers must evaluate and report health care inequities involving the treatment of OUD. Additionally, clinicians should be aware of these inequities in the treatment of patients. METHODS We carried out a scoping review of the literature regarding health inequities in treatment for OUD in July 2022. The study team retrieved articles published between 2016 and 2021 from MEDLINE and Ovid Embase. After authors received training, screening and data extraction were performed in masked, duplicate fashion. The team screened a total of 3673 titles and abstracts, followed by 172 articles for full-text review. The inequities that we examined were race/ethnicity, sex or gender, income, under-resourced/rural, occupational status, education level, and LGBTQ+. We used Stata 17.0 (StataCorp, LLC, College Station, TX) to summarize data and statistics of the studies within our sample. RESULTS A total of 44 studies evaluating inequities in OUD treatment met inclusion criteria. The most common inequity that studies examined was race/ethnicity (34/44 [77.27 %] studies), followed by under-resourced/rural (19/44 [43.18 %] studies), and sex or gender (18/44 [40.91 %] studies). LGBTQ+ (0/44 [0.0 %] studies) was not reported in the included studies. Our results indicate that many historically marginalized populations experience inequities related to access and outcomes in OUD treatment. The included studies in our scoping review occasionally demonstrated inconsistent findings. CONCLUSIONS Gaps exist within the literature on health inequities in treatment for OUD. The most examined inequities were race/ethnicity, under-resourced/rural and sex or gender, while studies did not examine LGBTQ+ status. Future research should aim to advance and supplement literature investigating health inequities in OUD treatment to ensure inclusive, patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Magee
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States.
| | - Caleb Peters
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Samuel M Jacobsen
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Danya Nees
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Bryan Dunford
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Alicia Ito Ford
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Matt Vassar
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
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22
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Yang KH, Kepner W, Nijum A, Han BH, Palamar JJ. Prevalence and Correlates of Past Year Ecstasy/MDMA Use in the United States. J Addict Med 2023; 17:592-597. [PMID: 37788615 PMCID: PMC10593986 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (also known as "ecstasy" or "Molly") has regained attention in recent years for its efficacy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder, and the drug was granted breakthrough therapy designation for such use by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017. However, little is known about the current epidemiology of recreational ecstasy/MDMA use. METHODS We estimated past-year prevalence and correlates of ecstasy/MDMA use based on a representative sample of noninstitutionalized US individuals 12 years or older from the 2015-2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 315,661). RESULTS An estimated 0.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.0) of individuals used ecstasy/MDMA in the past year. Compared with those ages 35-49 years, all younger age groups were at increased odds for use, while those older than 50 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.08-0.23) were at low odds for use. Compared with heterosexual men, those identifying as bisexual women (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02-1.72) were at increased odds for use, and compared with White individuals, those identifying as Asian (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.42-2.59), Black (aOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.41-2.06), or multiracial (aOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.19-2.16) were at increased odds for use. Past-year use of other drugs (e.g., cannabis, ketamine), prescription drug misuse (e.g., pain relievers, stimulants), nicotine dependence (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.00-1.45), and alcohol use disorder (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.25-1.58) were also associated with increased odds for use. CONCLUSIONS While use of ecstasy/MDMA continues to be relatively rare, findings from this study can help inform prevention and harm reduction strategies, especially among certain subpopulations that are at high risk for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Yang
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wayne Kepner
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anamika Nijum
- University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Han
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph J. Palamar
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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D’Angelo AB, Zohra F, Westmoreland DA, Grov C. Changes in Health Insurance During COVID-19 Among a U.S. National Cohort of Cisgender Gay and Bisexual Men and Transgender Individuals. ANNALS OF LGBTQ PUBLIC AND POPULATION HEALTH 2023; 4:232-250. [PMID: 38106648 PMCID: PMC10720735 DOI: 10.1891/lgbtq-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The extant data suggest that LGBT communities were disproportionately impacted by the economic ramifications of the pandemic and were more likely to report being uninsured throughout the first two years of the pandemic. Additionally, these groups are at heightened vulnerability for several health conditions that require insurance to manage or prevent. Thus, there is a need to assess changes in pandemic-era insurance coverage among these populations. This study uses data collected as part of the Together 5,000 study, a U.S. national, internet-based cohort study of cisgender men, trans men, and trans women who have sex with men. We analyze insurance data across three different assessments between 2019 and 2021, exploring changes in insurance coverage and type. Among our sample, 6.4% lost their insurance in 2020 because of the pandemic. Insurance loss was associated with living in a state that had not expanded Medicaid, race/ethnicity, employment status, and income. Among those who lost their insurance in early 2020, most (59.2%) reported gaining insurance by 2021, with those living in non-expanded states less likely to gain insurance. Finally, those who were uninsured prior to the pandemic were less likely to report gaining insurance by 2021, when compared to those uninsured as a result of the pandemic. This suggests that there are uninsured cisgender gay and bisexual men and transgender individuals that continue to go unreached by policies to assuage uninsurance. Further policy intervention is needed to address uninsurance among LGBT individuals, which has important implications for addressing health disparities among these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa B. D’Angelo
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, New York, NY
| | - Fatima Zohra
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY
| | - Drew A. Westmoreland
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, New York, NY
| | - Christian Grov
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, New York, NY
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24
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McCabe CJ, Rhew IC, Walukevich-Dienst K, Graupensperger S, Lee CM. Increased coping motives during the COVID-19 pandemic widen cannabis disparities between sexual minoritized and nonminoritized young adults: A bimonthly assessment of data preceding and spanning the pandemic. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2023; 37:670-680. [PMID: 37307364 PMCID: PMC10524690 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, some U.S. adults have increased alcohol and cannabis use frequency to cope with distress. Among sexual minoritized young adults (SM YAs), coping-related use may be greater due to disproportionate negative social and financial consequences of the pandemic. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether pandemic substance use has increased among SM YAs compared to non-SM YAs relative to prepandemic levels and whether heightened coping motives mediate these potential differences. METHOD A total of 563 YAs (18-24 years at baseline; 31.0% SM) provided survey data collected across 12 bimonthly assessments. Six assessments were measured in 2015 or 2016 and six across the coronavirus pandemic (2020-2021). Controlling for prepandemic assessments matched by calendar month, latent structural equation models examined group differences in alcohol and cannabis frequency and consequences across the COVID-19 period and tested coping motives as mediators of these differences. RESULTS Substance use and consequences were similar during the pandemic relative to prepandemic levels across groups. Nonetheless, compared to non-SM individuals, SM participants reported greater cannabis frequency, consequences, and cannabis coping motives during the pandemic independent of prepandemic levels. Cannabis use and consequences were each explained largely by coping motives during the pandemic among SM compared to non-SM YAs. These patterns were not found for alcohol outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has widened cannabis disparities between SM and non-SM YAs, due in part to pandemic-related increases in coping motives. Responsive public policy is needed that may prevent and remit SM cannabis disparities during societal crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington
| | - Isaac C Rhew
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington
| | | | - Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington
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25
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Tran NK, Lunn MR, Schulkey CE, Tesfaye S, Nambiar S, Chatterjee S, Kozlowski D, Lozano P, Randal FT, Mo Y, Qi S, Hundertmark E, Eastburn C, Pho AT, Dastur Z, Lubensky ME, Flentje A, Obedin-Maliver J. Prevalence of 12 Common Health Conditions in Sexual and Gender Minority Participants in the All of Us Research Program. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2324969. [PMID: 37523187 PMCID: PMC10391317 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Limited data describe the health status of sexual or gender minority (SGM) people due to inaccurate and inconsistent ascertainment of gender identity, sex assigned at birth, and sexual orientation. Objective To evaluate whether the prevalence of 12 health conditions is higher among SGM adults in the All of Us Research Program data compared with cisgender heterosexual (non-SGM) people. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from a multidisciplinary research consortium, the All of Us Research Program, that links participant-reported survey information to electronic health records (EHR) and physical measurements. In total, 372 082 US adults recruited and enrolled at an All of Us health care provider organization or by directly visiting the enrollment website from May 31, 2017, to January 1, 2022, and were assessed for study eligibility. Exposures Self-identified gender identity and sexual orientation group. Main Outcomes and Measures Twelve health conditions were evaluated: 11 using EHR data and 1, body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), using participants' physical measurements. Logistic regression (adjusting for age, income, and employment, enrollment year, and US Census division) was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for the associations between each SGM group and health condition compared with a non-SGM reference group. Results The analytic sample included 346 868 participants (median [IQR] age, 55 [39-68] years; 30 763 [8.9%] self-identified as SGM). Among participants with available BMI (80.2%) and EHR data (69.4%), SGM groups had higher odds of anxiety, depression, HIV diagnosis, and tobacco use disorder but lower odds of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Estimated associations for asthma (AOR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.24-0.63] for gender diverse people assigned male at birth; AOR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.38-0.69] for transgender women), a BMI of 25 or higher (AOR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.38-1.96] for transgender men), cancer (AOR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07-1.23] for cisgender sexual minority men; AOR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.81-0.95] for cisgender sexual minority women), and substance use disorder (AOR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.24-0.52] for gender diverse people assigned female at birth; AOR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.49-0.87] for transgender men) varied substantially across SGM groups compared with non-SGM groups. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional analysis of data from the All of Us Research Program, SGM participants experienced health inequities that varied by group and condition. The All of Us Research Program can be a valuable resource for conducting health research focused on SGM people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K Tran
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mitchell R Lunn
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Claire E Schulkey
- All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula Lozano
- Center for Asian Health Equity, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Asian Health Coalition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fornessa T Randal
- Center for Asian Health Equity, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Asian Health Coalition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yicklun Mo
- Center for Asian Health Equity, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Asian Health Coalition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Siya Qi
- Center for Asian Health Equity, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Asian Health Coalition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ell Hundertmark
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Gynecology and Gynecologic Specialties, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chloe Eastburn
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Los Angeles LGBT Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony T Pho
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zubin Dastur
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Gynecology and Gynecologic Specialties, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Micah E Lubensky
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Annesa Flentje
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Juno Obedin-Maliver
- The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Departments of Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Gynecology and Gynecologic Specialties, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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26
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Coughlin LN, Bonar EE, Wieringa J, Zhang L, Rostker MJ, Augustiniak AN, Goodman GJ, Lin LA. Pilot trial of a telehealth-delivered behavioral economic intervention promoting cannabis-free activities among adults with cannabis use disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:202-210. [PMID: 37224772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is increasingly consumed and increasingly perceived as harmless. Among those whose use develops into a cannabis use disorder (CUD), <5% initiate and engage in treatment. Thus, novel options for low-barrier, appealing treatments are needed to foster engagement in care. METHODS We conducted an open trial of a telehealth-delivered multicomponent behavioral economic intervention for non-treatment-engaged adults with CUD. Participants with CUD were recruited from a health system and screened for eligibility. Participants completed behavioral economic indices (cannabis demand, proportionate cannabis-free reinforcement), measures of cannabis use and mental health symptoms, and provided open-ended feedback on the intervention experience. RESULTS Of the 20 participants who enrolled and engaged in the initial intervention session, 70% (14 out of 20) completed all intervention components. All participants were satisfied/very satisfied with the intervention and 85.7% reported the telehealth delivery made it at least slightly easier/more likely for them to receive substance use care. Baseline to immediate post-treatment, behavioral economic cannabis demand decreased (intensity: Hedges' g = 0.14, maximum total expenditure: Hedges' g = 0.53, maximum expenditure for a single hit: Hedges' g = 0.10) and proportionate cannabis-free reinforcement (Hedges' g = 0.12) increased. Past-month total cannabis use decreased by 8.9% from baseline to post-treatment (Hedges' g = 0.39), along with decreases in recent depression (Hedges' g = 0.50) and anxiety symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.29). DISCUSSION These preliminary findings suggest that this behavioral economic intervention was highly acceptable and feasible for adults with untreated CUD. Changes in potential mechanisms of behavior change (cannabis demand, proportionate cannabis-free reinforcement) were consistent with reduced frequency of cannabis use and improved mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara N Coughlin
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Erin E Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joshua Wieringa
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Rostker
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alyssa N Augustiniak
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grant J Goodman
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lewei Allison Lin
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Ware OD, Austin AE, Srivastava A, Dawes HC, Baruah D, Hall WJ. Characteristics of Outpatient and Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities with a Tailored LGBT Program. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231181274. [PMID: 37342586 PMCID: PMC10278416 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231181274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals have a high prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) and experience unique barriers to treatment. Little is known about the characteristics of SUD treatment facilities providing LGBT-tailored programs at the outpatient and residential levels of care. The purpose of this study is to examine the availability of LGBT-tailored programs in outpatient and residential SUD treatment facilities. Using the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services 2020, we conducted logistic regression to examine facility characteristics, including ownership, pay assistance, region, outreach, and telehealth services, associated with having an LGBT-tailored program among SUD treatment facilities. Outpatient facilities that were for-profit, had pay assistance, had community outreach services, and provided telemedicine/telehealth were more likely to have an LGBT-tailored program. Those that were government-owned, in the Midwest, and that accepted Medicaid were less likely to have an LGBT-tailored program. Residential facilities that were in the West, for-profit, and had community outreach services were more likely to have an LGBT-tailored program. This study offers a national examination of the availability of LGBT-tailored programs in SUD treatment facilities. Differences in availability based on ownership, region, pay assistance, and outreach highlight potential gaps in treatment availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin D. Ware
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna E. Austin
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ankur Srivastava
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hayden C. Dawes
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dicky Baruah
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William J. Hall
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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28
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Macedo A, Capela E, Peixoto M. Sexual Satisfaction among Lesbian and Heterosexual Cisgender Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1680. [PMID: 37372797 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual satisfaction is a complex, multifaceted, and broad concept that is influenced by several factors. The minority stress theory posits that sexual and gender minorities are at a particular risk for stress due to stigma and discrimination at the structural, interpersonal, and individual levels. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the sexual satisfaction between lesbian (LW) and heterosexual (HSW) cisgender women. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Websci, Proquest, and Wiley online databases from 1 January 2013 to 10 March 2023 to identify the published observational studies on sexual satisfaction in women according to their sexual orientation. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for the analytical cross-sectional studies. RESULTS A total of 11 studies and 44,939 women were included. LW reported having orgasms during a sexual relationship more frequently than HSW, OR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.73, 2.27). In the same direction, the frequency of women reporting "no or rarely" for having orgasms during their sexual relationships was significantly lower in the LW than the HSW, OR = 0.55 (95% CI 0.45, 0.66). The percentage of the LW who reported having sexual intercourse at least once a week was significantly lower than that of the HSW, OR = 0.57 for LW (95% CI 0.49, 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Our review showed that cisgender lesbian women reached orgasm during sexual relations more often than cisgender heterosexual women. These findings have implications for gender and sexual minority health and healthcare optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Macedo
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eunice Capela
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Manuela Peixoto
- Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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29
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Evans-Polce RJ, Schuler MS, Kcomt L, McCabe VV, McCabe SE. Sexual Identity Differences in Tobacco (Re)Uptake: Testing Mediation by Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:824-833. [PMID: 36774307 PMCID: PMC10583217 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use among gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals is disproportionately higher than among heterosexual individuals. Identifying the mechanisms behind these differences can inform prevention and cessation efforts aimed at advancing health equity. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms as mediators of tobacco (re)uptake among sexual minority individuals was examined. METHODS Waves 4 and 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2016-2019) study were analyzed in 2022. Adolescents aged ≥14 and adults years not using tobacco at Wave 4 (n=21,676) were included. Wave 4 sexual identity was categorized as heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, or something else. Associations of sexual identity with (re)uptake of cigarette use, E-cigarette use, and polytobacco use at Wave 5 were assessed, along with possible mediation of these associations by Wave 4‒internalizing and ‒externalizing symptoms. RESULTS Internalizing and externalizing symptoms predicted tobacco (re)uptake regardless of sexual identity, particularly for female individuals. Gay/lesbian females (AOR=2.26; 95% CI=1.14, 4.48) and bisexual females (AOR=1.36; 95% CI=1.06, 1.74) had greater odds of E-cigarette (re)uptake than heterosexual females. High internalizing and externalizing symptoms accounted for over one third of the difference in E-cigarette (re)uptake among bisexual compared with that among heterosexual females. Males who reported sexual identity as something-else had lower odds of cigarette (re)uptake than heterosexual males (AOR=0.19; 95% CI=0.06, 0.66); this association was not mediated by internalizing and externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Internalizing and externalizing symptoms uniquely contribute to E-cigarette (re)uptake among bisexual females. Strategies that reduce sexual minority stressors and resulting psychological distress may help to reduce tobacco use disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Evans-Polce
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Luisa Kcomt
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Vita V. McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Injury Prevention Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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30
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Evans-Polce RJ, Veliz P, Kcomt L, Boyd CJ, Esteban McCabe S. Examining sexual identity stability and change over time and associations with tobacco use in a nationally representative US sample. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107661. [PMID: 36821882 PMCID: PMC10570932 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic research has found sexual minority identifying individuals are disproportionately burdened by tobacco use and tobacco use disorder (TUD). However, these studies often conceptualize sexual identity as time-invariant. This study examined sexual identity over time and whether a transition to a sexual minority identity was associated with tobacco outcomes. METHODS This study used data from Waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2013/14-2016/18) study (adolescents and adults aged ≥ 14 years; n = 26,553). We examined associations of sexual identity stability and change with changes in the number of tobacco products used and TUD symptoms. RESULTS Males and females who experienced two or more changes in sexual identity and females who changed from a heterosexual to a sexual minority identity were more likely to have an increase in two or more tobacco products and increase TUD symptoms compared to heterosexual-stable males and females. Gay-stable males were less likely to increase TUD symptoms compared to heterosexual-stable males. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing a change in sexual identity may be a particularly vulnerable period for increases in tobacco products used and TUD. It may be important to provide tobacco use intervention and support resources to individuals coming out as a sexual minority and those fluid in their sexual identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Evans-Polce
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Philip Veliz
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute for Social Research University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Luisa Kcomt
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carol J Boyd
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute for Social Research University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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31
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Janulis P. Life course differences in heavy episodic drinking behaviors across age, gender, and sexual identity in the United States. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 17:100495. [PMID: 37249940 PMCID: PMC10209188 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
•This study examines heavy episodic drinking across age, gender, and sexual identity.•Gay/lesbian and bisexual females experience persistent disparities across age.•Gay and bisexual males experience age specific disparities.•Sexual minority adults in the US report complex patterns of heavy alcohol use.•Heavy drinking disparities do not mirror patterns of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Janulis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, USA
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32
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Janssen T, Gamarel KE, Mereish EH, Colby SM, Haikalis M, Jackson KM. Associations Among Enacted Stigma, Perceived Chances for Success, Life Satisfaction, and Substance Use Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1121-1131. [PMID: 37216278 PMCID: PMC10388366 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2212282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexual minority youth report high rates of substance use compared to heterosexual youth. Stigma can diminish perceptions of future success and life satisfaction and contribute to elevated substance use. This study examined whether experiences of enacted stigma (i.e., discrimination) and substance use among sexual minority and heterosexual youth were indirectly associated through perceived chances for success and life satisfaction. Method: In a sample of 487 adolescents who indicated their sexual identity (58% female, M age = 16.0, 20% sexual minority), we assessed substance use status and factors that might explain sexual minority disparities in substance use. Using structural equation modeling, we examined indirect associations between sexual minority status and substance use status through these factors. Results: Compared to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth reported greater stigma, which was associated with both lower perceived chances for success and life satisfaction, which were in turn associated with greater likelihood of substance use. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of attending to stigma, perceived chances for success, and general life satisfaction to understand and intervene to prevent substance use among sexual minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Kristi E. Gamarel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - Ethan H. Mereish
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
- Department of Health Studies, American University
| | - Suzanne M. Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
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Lee BN, Grubbs JB. Problem gambling within sexual and gender minorities: A systematic review. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107742. [PMID: 37121088 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A body of literature now suggests that sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience a distinct set of stressors in the form of minority stress, which may function as a risk factor for the development of negative psychological and behavioral health outcomes. A systematic review of the literature was conducted through June 1st, 2022. Inclusion was limited to peer-reviewed publications in academic journals, with prospective and retrospective studies of a quantitative nature included for synthesis. Articles were required to contain an empirical measure of gambling cognitions, behaviors, motives, or outcomes. Studies that did not include sexual minorities within the sample or did not provide quantitative results which shed light on gambling in sexual minorities were excluded from the present review.In total, 12 eligible studies were identified for the current review. In general, this review highlighted methodological weaknesses within the literature and suggested that little is known about gambling in this population. Given conflicting findings across studies, further research is necessary to understand gambling in sexual and gender minorities. From a methodological standpoint, there is a need for clearer conceptualization and standardized measurement of gambling-related variables in vulnerable populations. Further, longitudinal research would be beneficial to understand the nuances of gambling disorder across sexual orientations and gender identities, as well as aid in the development of holistic intervention options that meet the needs of these more vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinna N Lee
- Department of Psychology, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- Department of Psychology, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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L Gomes N, S Lopes C. Sexual Orientation Disparities in Depression and Substance Use Among Adults: Results from the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019. LGBT Health 2023. [PMID: 36809196 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We compared the prevalence of depression, hazardous alcohol use, daily tobacco use and hazardous alcohol and tobacco use (HATU) by sexual orientation and sex among Brazilian adults. Methods: Data were obtained from a national health survey conducted in 2019. This study included participants aged 18 years and older (N = 85,859). Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models stratified by sex to examine the association between sexual orientation, depression, daily tobacco use, hazardous alcohol use, and HATU. Results: After controlling for the covariates, gay men showed a higher prevalence of depression, daily tobacco use, and HATU compared with heterosexual men (APR ranged from 1.71 to 1.92). Furthermore, bisexual men showed a higher prevalence (almost three times) of depression compared with heterosexual men. Lesbian women showed a higher prevalence of binge and heavy drinking, daily tobacco use, and HATU compared with heterosexual women (APR ranged from 2.55 to 4.44). Among bisexual women, the results were significant for all analyzed outcomes (APR ranged from 1.83 to 3.26). Conclusions: This study was the first to use a nationally representative survey to assess sexual orientation disparities related to depression and substance use by sex in Brazil. Our findings highlight the need for specific public policies aimed at the sexual minority population and for greater recognition and better management of these disorders by health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara L Gomes
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Study, Methods and Control, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia S Lopes
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Philbin MM, Greene ER, LaBossier NJ, Martins SS, McCrimmon T, Mauro PM. Age-related patterns of cocaine and methamphetamine use across the life course in the United States: Disparities by gender and sexual identity among adults. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107539. [PMID: 36343473 PMCID: PMC11018266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research showing substance use decreases over the life course has focused primarily on heterosexual adults. We examined how age-related patterns of cocaine and methamphetamine use vary by sexual identity and gender among a national sample. METHODS We included 191,954 adults aged 18-64 from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We described the weighted prevalence of past-year cocaine and methamphetamine use and used logistic regressions to estimate relative odds of past-year cocaine and methamphetamine use by age, stratified by gender and sexual identity (heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual). RESULTS Cocaine and methamphetamine use was highest among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Gay/lesbian men and women and bisexual men were also more likely to use cocaine at later ages. Heterosexual adults ages 26-34 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.73; confidence interval [CI] = 0.65-0.83) were less likely than those 21-25 to report past-year cocaine use, but there were no differences between those ages 26-34 and 21-25 among any LGB sub-group. Heterosexual (aOR = 1.62; CI = 1.28-2.04) and gay (aOR = 2.93; CI = 1.26-6.80), men ages 26-34 were more likely to report past-year methamphetamine use than their counterparts ages 21-25. There were no age-related differences in past-year methamphetamine use between bisexual men and gay/lesbian women. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of cocaine and methamphetamine use across the life course for LGB individuals differ from those of heterosexuals. This has implications for targeted prevention efforts to address stimulant use among minoritized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Philbin
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emily R Greene
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tara McCrimmon
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Pia M Mauro
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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Gibson-Gill C, Mingo T. Primary Care in the Spinal Cord Injury Population: Things to Consider in the Ongoing Discussion. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2023; 11:74-85. [PMID: 36844900 PMCID: PMC9938514 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-023-00379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Spinal cord injury (SCI) creates unique needs that if not recognized and addressed timely can have detrimental effects on the health and quality of life (QOL) of people living with a SCI. Primary preventive health care is shown to decrease morbidity and mortality, yet the SCI population reportedly faces challenges getting access to this care. This area in SCI health care is still largely understudied with no consensus on the ideal way or which health care provider is best to provide primary care for this population. Findings Preventive care is generally provided by general primary care providers, but not all primary care providers are trained in recognizing and addressing spinal cord injury-specific needs. SCI providers generally are not trained in addressing all aspects of preventive care. Knowing the recommended preventive care screenings, recognizing and managing specific conditions seen after a SCI, and seamless coordination of care between general practitioners and SCI specialists are some of the interventions to help prevent health complications, decrease morbidity and mortality, improve health outcomes, and promote QOL in this patient population. Summary Prioritized focus on preventive care is necessary for a positive impact on the overall health and QOL in this population. Addressing the knowledge gap reported by primary care providers and SCI providers may help increase the probability of SCI patients getting their preventive and specialty care needs addressed. We present a "cheat sheet" of recommendations for the preventive care evaluation of a person living with a SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Gibson-Gill
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Department, Veteran Administration New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, NJ USA.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Tatiyanna Mingo
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Department, Veteran Administration New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, NJ USA
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Paschen-Wolff MM, Kidd JD, Paine EA. The State of the Research on Opioid Outcomes Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Other Sexuality- and Gender-Diverse Populations: A Scoping Review. LGBT Health 2023; 10:1-17. [PMID: 36318023 PMCID: PMC10081720 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Research on opioid misuse, opioid use disorder (OUD), and overdose (i.e., opioid outcomes) among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other populations within the LGBTQ umbrella (LGBTQ+) remains sparse. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize the state of the research on opioid outcomes among LGBTQ+ populations, and identify gaps in the extant literature and areas for future research. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed, English language articles published between 2011 and 2020 that examined opioid outcomes among LGBTQ+ populations in the CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. We extracted data from articles that focused on opioid outcomes within their specific aims or purpose. We include a general summary for articles that secondarily described opioid outcomes among LGBTQ+ populations. Results: Of 113 published studies that examined opioid outcomes among LGBTQ+ populations, 10% (n = 11) were specifically designed to focus on this topic. Across studies, bisexual populations, particularly women, were at highest risk for opioid misuse and OUD. Few studies examined opioid outcomes by more than one dimension of sexual orientation (n = 3, 27%), race and/or ethnicity (n = 3, 27%), or age (n = 5, 45%). Only two included transgender or gender diverse samples; only one explicitly measured gender identity. Conclusions: Future research is needed to understand the impact of the opioid epidemic on LGBTQ+ people, particularly transgender and other gender diverse individuals, and the intersectional role of race, ethnicity, and age in opioid disparities among LGBTQ+ individuals. Additional research could contribute to the development of much-needed affirming OUD treatment and other services for LGBTQ+ people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Paschen-Wolff
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center at New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy D Kidd
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center at New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Allen Paine
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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38
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Xin Y, Schwarting CM, Wasef MR, Davis AK. Exploring the intersectionality of stigma and substance use help-seeking behaviours among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning or otherwise gender or sexuality minority (LGBTQ+) individuals in the United States: A scoping review. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2277854. [PMID: 37939481 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2277854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Problematic substance use (SU) is a significant issue among LGBTQ+ individuals, but rates of treatment/help-seeking in this population remain low. This review aimed to investigate literature about intersectional stigma of SU and LGBTQ+ identity and its impact on SU help-seeking behaviours in the U.S. Eligible studies from eight-database were included if peer-reviewed, in English, from the U.S., published between 2000 and 2022, focused on SU, stigma, SU help-seeking behaviours, among LGBTQ+ adults. Of 458 search results, 50 underwent full-text review, 12 were included in the final sample. Minority Stress Theory emerged as a relevant theoretical framework. Findings revealed that increased SU as a coping strategy was associated with minority stress. Intersectional stigma negatively impacted SU treatment experience among LGBTQ+ individuals, leading to avoidance of help-seeking or poor treatment outcomes. Patterns of SU and impact of stigma among LGBTQ+ individuals differ, wherein bisexual and transgender individuals reported significantly more treatment barriers and unique stressors. LGBTQ+ individuals reported earlier age of SU onset and were more likely to encounter opportunities for SU. This review highlights the impact of intersectional stigma on SU help-seeking behaviour among LGBTQ+ individuals in the U.S. Recommendations are provided for future clinical practice, research, and policy to better support LGBTQ+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Xin
- Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Corrine M Schwarting
- Department of Psychology, Psychology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mary R Wasef
- Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alan K Davis
- Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Shangani S, van den Berg JJ, Dyer TV, Mayer KH, Operario D. Childhood sexual abuse, alcohol and drug use problems among Black sexual minority men in six US Cities: Findings from the HPTN 061 study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279238. [PMID: 36548261 PMCID: PMC9778556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has found a high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among sexual minority men (SMM) in the US, and has indicated that CSA is associated with higher rates of alcohol and drug use disorders. However, most of these studies have focused almost exclusively on White SMM. We assessed associations of CSA, alcohol use, and drug use problems among adult Black SMM. METHODS Participants were 1,016 Black SMM recruited from six US cities (Atlanta, Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, DC) between July 2009 and December 2011. We used hierarchical logistic regression to evaluate the associations between CSA, alcohol use problems (≥ 8 AUDIT), and drug use problems (excluding marijuana). RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 37.8 (11.7) years, and 28.6% and 49.2% reported alcohol and drug use disorders in the past six months, respectively. Most of the study participants reported history of CSA (70.3%). Adjusting for sociodemographic and confounding variables, CSA was associated with higher odds of alcohol use problems (odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% CI 1.09, 2.12) and drug use problems (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.19, 2.10) than non-CSA group. CONCLUSION Prevalence of CSA is high among BSMM in the US and is positively associated with alcohol and drug use problems. Substance use interventions should address the psychological health needs of BSMM with a history of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Shangani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jacob J. van den Berg
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education, and Social Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Typhanye V. Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- The Fenway Institute of Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education, and Social Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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40
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Herren OM, Gillman AS, Marshall VJ, Das R. Understanding the Changing Landscape of Health Disparities in Chronic Liver Diseases and Liver Cancer. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:505-520. [PMID: 37347072 PMCID: PMC10281758 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease and liver cancer disparities in the U.S. are reflective of complex multiple determinants of health. This review describes the disproportionate burden of liver disease and liver cancer among racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minority, rural, low socioeconomic status (SES) populations, and place-based contexts. The contributions of traditional and lifestyle-related risk factors (e.g., alcohol consumption, evitable toxin exposure, nutrition quality) and comorbid conditions (e.g., viral hepatitis, obesity, type II diabetes) to disparities is also explored. Biopsychosocial mechanisms defining the physiological consequences of inequities underlying these health disparities, including inflammation, allostatic load, genetics, epigenetics, and social epigenomics are described. Guided by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) framework, integrative research of unexplored social and biological mechanisms of health disparities, appropriate methods and measures for early screening, diagnosis, assessment, and strategies for timely treatment and maintaining multidisciplinary care should be actively pursued. We review emerging research on adverse social determinants of liver health, such as structural racism, discrimination, stigma, SES, rising care-related costs, food insecurity, healthcare access, health literacy, and environmental exposures to pollutants. Limited research on protective factors of liver health is also described. Research from effective, multilevel, community-based interventions indicate a need for further intervention efforts that target both risk and protective factors to address health disparities. Policy-level impacts are also needed to reduce disparities. These insights are important, as the social contexts and inequities that influence determinants of liver disease/cancer have been worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and are forecasted to amplify disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Herren
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Arielle S. Gillman
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Vanessa J. Marshall
- Office of the Director National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Bethesda, MD
| | - Rina Das
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
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Schuler MS, Evans-Polce RJ. Perceived Substance Use Risks Among Never Users: Sexual Identity Differences in a Sample of U.S. Young Adults. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:987-996. [PMID: 36115799 PMCID: PMC10198135 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower perceived risk is a well-established risk factor for initiating substance use behaviors and an integral component of many health behavior theories. Established literature has shown that many substance use behaviors are more prevalent among individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual than among those who identify as heterosexual. However, potential differences in perceived risk by sexual identity among individuals with no lifetime use have not been well characterized to date. METHODS Data on 111,785 adults aged 18-34 years (including 11,377 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults) were from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Perceived risks (classified as great risk versus less than great risk) were assessed with 11 National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey items regarding 6 different substances (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and heroin). Survey-weighted and sex-stratified logistic regression models were used to estimate sexual identity differences regarding perceived great risk among those reporting no lifetime use. Analyses were conducted in 2021-2022. RESULTS Gay men, bisexual men, lesbian/gay women, and bisexual women were all significantly less likely than heterosexual peers to perceive great risk associated with specific marijuana, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and heroin use behaviors. Bisexual men and women were also significantly less likely than heterosexual peers to perceive great risk associated with binge drinking behaviors and smoking ≥1 packs of cigarettes daily. CONCLUSIONS This novel investigation among never users provides evidence that lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults perceive significantly lower risks associated with multiple substance use behaviors than heterosexual adults, which may indicate important sexual identity differences in susceptibility to substance use initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca J Evans-Polce
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Pham T, Akamu C, Do A, Tomita KK, Combs S. Systems of Care Implications in Hawai'i: Sexual and Gender Minorities. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2022; 81:52-61. [PMID: 36660277 PMCID: PMC9783816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are diverse groups of people who do not identify as heterosexual or cisgender. SGM communities include Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) individuals as well as people of other sexual orientations and gender identities. SGM communities are disproportionately affected by substance use disorders, with differential use of specific substances among persons based on sexual or gender identity. As understood through the minority stress model, substance use and misuse among SGM people are tied to risk and resiliency factors at all levels of the social ecological paradigm. Despite the disproportionate burden of substance use disorders on SGM people in Hawai'i, very few resources or programs exist to ameliorate the impact of substance use on this community. Although some models of care could be useful for SGM people, community-specific interventions are scarce, especially in Hawai'i. To successfully meet the needs of SGM people in Hawai'i, multi-level transformation of the substance use prevention and treatment landscape must address: culturally appropriate service delivery; workforce recruitment and development; nimble and adequate financing; consistent data collection and reporting; and systems-level policy updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus Pham
- Harm Reduction Services Branch, Communicable Disease and Public Health
Nursing, Division, Hawai‘i Department of Health, Honolulu, HI (TP)
- Hep Free Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI (TP)
| | - Cade Akamu
- Department of Psychiatry, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI (CA)
- Office of Public Health Studies, Thompson School of Social Work and Public Health, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI (CA)
| | - Annie Do
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (AD)
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Talham CJ, Montiel Ishino FA, Williams F. A Socioecological Mixture Model of Asthma Prevalence Among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States. LGBT Health 2022; 9:526-533. [PMID: 35771945 PMCID: PMC9734020 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sexual minority (SM) identity as well as sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors are associated with asthma prevalence. A syndemics framework analyzes disease conditions in a population and the social, economic, and environmental contexts in which they are found. We used a syndemic model of individual-level socioecological factors to identify profiles of asthma prevalence among SM adults. Methods: Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted on a subpopulation of SM adults aged 18-59 years from the 2001 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Indicators in the LCA model included current asthma, gender, sexual identity, poverty-income ratio, education, and serum cotinine level. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the effects of covariates (race/ethnicity, nativity, age, marital status, body mass index, lifetime smoking, and mental health care seeking) on identified profiles. Results: Four classes were identified among our sample of n = 1097 SM adults. Classes 1 and 2 had 19% and 18% conditional probabilities of current asthma, respectively, and were primarily female and bisexual. Classes 3 and 4 had 5% and 2% conditional probabilities of asthma, respectively, and were primarily male and gay. Classes 1 and 3 also had conditional probabilities of high income and educational attainment. Black individuals had higher odds than White individuals of being in Class 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43-13.93), Class 2 (OR = 21.66, 95% CI = 7.50-62.60), and Class 4 (OR = 7.41, 95% CI = 2.05-26.71), relative to Class 3. Conclusion: Findings extend past literature that suggests within-group asthma disparities among SM adults. Informational campaigns on asthma management should target this community to avoid severe disease exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J. Talham
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Address correspondence to: Charlotte J. Talham, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, 11545 Rockville Pike no. T10, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Francisco A. Montiel Ishino
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Taing M, Le K, Britton M, Chen TA, Parent MC, Tamí-Maury I, Leal IM, Rogova A, Kyburz B, Williams T, Patel M, Reitzel LR. Smoking Intervention Practices in Texas Healthcare Centers with Sexual and Gender Minority Patients. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2022; 9:1074-1088. [PMID: 36778530 PMCID: PMC9910434 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.9.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for smoking cessation in centers providing behavioral healthcare for patient populations that included some proportion of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Methods Healthcare providers from 75 healthcare centers across Texas serving SGMs with behavioral health needs participated in a survey assessing their center's tobacco control policies and practices. Results Nearly half (N = 36) of participating centers had a comprehensive tobacco-free workplace policy, 30.67% employed ≥1 tobacco treatment specialist, 73.91% employed ≥1 prescriber, 80.82% mandated screening for patient tobacco use at intake, and 57.53% provided a template for tobacco use assessments. Overall, 70.67% of providers asked patients about smoking status, 69.33% advised patients to quit, 64.00% assessed patients' interest in quitting, 58.67% assisted patients with quit attempts, and 36.00% arranged follow-up. Providers' ability to tailor interventions for special populations like SGMs ranged from very low/0 to very high/10 (M = 4.63 ± 2.59). Conclusions There are opportunities to improve policy implementation, standardization and usage of evidence-based interventions, and intervention tailoring within settings providing care to SGM patients in Texas to better address their tobacco use inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Taing
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Kathy Le
- Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Maggie Britton
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tzuan A Chen
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael C Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Irene Tamí-Maury
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Isabel Martinez Leal
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anastasia Rogova
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of State Health Services, Tobacco Prevention and Control Branch, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lorraine R Reitzel
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Pérez-Romero C, Guerras JM, Hoyos J, Donat M, Barrio G, de la Fuente L, Palma D, García de Olalla P, Belza MJ. Excessive Drinking Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Recruited From Web-Based Resources: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e32888. [DOI: 10.2196/32888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
US and Northern European studies have found a higher prevalence of alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men (MSM) than among the general population of men (GPM). However, most of them relied on traditional sampling methods, not profiting from MSM dating apps and websites for recruitment. Besides, analogous comparisons in Southern Europe are lacking.
Objective
This study aimed to compare several indicators of excessive drinking between MSM and GPM in Spain.
Methods
Overall, 5862 MSM were recruited through dating apps or websites for the Méthysos Project, and 10,349 GPM were recruited using probability sampling via the Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs in Spain from 2018 to 2020. The outcomes were the prevalence of hazardous or harmful drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] ≥8), hazardous drinking (AUDIT-Consumption ≥4), harmful drinking (AUDIT-Problem ≥4), regular hazardous drinking (>14 standard drinks per week), and monthly binge drinking. The prevalence of excessive drinking indicators was calculated for MSM and GPM and compared using the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR). Two different aPRs and their 95% CIs were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. The first was adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, and the second was adjusted for the aforementioned covariates plus other drug use.
Results
The prevalence of hazardous or harmful drinking was 15.6% (913/5862) among MSM versus 7.7% (902/10,349) among GPM. After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, the risk was higher in MSM than in GPM for harmful or hazardous drinking (aPR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6-2.0), harmful drinking (aPR 2.3, 95% CI 2.0-2.7), and binge drinking (aPR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-1.9); the same in both populations for hazardous drinking (aPR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9-1.0); and higher in GPM than in MSM for regular hazardous drinking (aPR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9). The relative excess risk of harmful drinking and binge drinking among MSM tended to increase with increasing education level and size of the place of residence, and the opposite was true for the deficit risk in regular hazardous drinking. Additional adjustment for other drug use greatly buffered the relative excess risk in harmful drinking and binge drinking in MSM, while it deepened its deficit risk in regular hazardous drinking.
Conclusions
The use of web-based resources allowed recruiting a large sample of MSM. The risk of hazardous or harmful drinking was 80% greater in MSM than in GPM, which was mainly because of the higher risk of harmful drinking and binge drinking among MSM. Nearly 1 in 6 MSM would benefit from early brief alcohol intervention procedures. The subgroup with harmful or binge drinking combined with other drug use is an important contributor to excess MSM risk in hazardous or harmful drinking and must be a priority target for harm reduction interventions.
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Qeadan F, Egbert J, Barbeau WA, Madden EF, Venner KL, English K. Sexuality and Gender Identity Inequities in Substance Use Disorder and Its Treatment among American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:2085-2093. [PMID: 36305843 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2136490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate inequities in substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis, opioid misuse, marijuana misuse, SUD treatment utilization, and utilization of university mental health services among sexual and gender minority (SGM) American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) college students. METHODS Data consisting of 8,103 AI/AN/NH students' responses to the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment survey from fall 2015 through spring 2019 were utilized for this study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the odds of SUD diagnosis, opioid misuse, and marijuana misuse in SGM AI/AN/NH students to cisgender, heterosexual peers. Unadjusted odds of SUD treatment utilization and utilization of university mental health services were also evaluated. RESULTS Compared to cisgender females, transgender (aOR = 4.43, 95% CI = 2.67-7.34) and gender diverse (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.61-5.07) students had significantly higher odds of SUD diagnosis. Similarly, significantly higher odds of SUD diagnosis were observed among sexual minorities, including gay/lesbian (aOR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.71-5.09) and bisexual (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.30-2.99) students compared to heterosexual peers. Sexual minority students had significantly higher odds of utilizing university mental health services (uOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.22-4.84) than heterosexual peers. Odds of opioid misuse and marijuana misuse were also significantly increased among sexual minority students. CONCLUSIONS AI/AN/NH college students who identify as SGM have higher odds of SUD diagnosis, opioid misuse, and marijuana misuse than their cisgender, heterosexual peers. These findings highlight the need to consider tailored programming for SGM AI/AN/NH students in substance use prevention and intervention efforts in U.S. college settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Qeadan
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jamie Egbert
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - William A Barbeau
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Erin F Madden
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kamilla L Venner
- Department of Psychology, Center on Alcohol, Substance Use and Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Marcantonio TL, Willis M. Examining substance-involved sexual experiences and consent communication by sexual identity. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L. Marcantonio
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Malachi Willis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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Ford JA, Ortiz K, Schepis TS, McCabe SE. Types of criminal legal system exposure and polysubstance use: Prevalence and correlates among U.S. adults in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 237:109511. [PMID: 35752022 PMCID: PMC10862373 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Criminal legal system (CLS) exposed adults experience higher rates of substance use, substance use disorder (SUD), and overdose. As most CLS exposed adults are not incarcerated, it is important to focus on CLS exposure across the carceral continuum. METHODS This research used pooled data from adult respondents (N = 206,314) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019). Survey weighted descriptive statistics and Poisson regression were used to estimate prevalence of polysubstance use (i.e., concurrent use) across CLS exposure types (i.e., arrest, probation, parole), identifying relevant correlates. RESULTS The prevalence of polysubstance use was higher among CLS exposed adults, and nearly two-thirds of CLS exposed adults who used multiple types of substances indicated having an SUD. Comparing CLS exposure types, polysubstance use was less likely among adults on probation (IRR=0.89, 95%CI=0.84,0.94) or parole (IRR=0.82, 95%CI=0.76,0.87) compared to those arrested. Polysubstance use was also more likely among adults on probation (IRR=1.09, 95%CI =1.01,1.17) compared to those on parole. While some characteristics (i.e., age, ethnicity, SUD) were consistently associated with polysubstance use across types of CLS exposure, other characteristics (i.e., sexual identity, marital status, suicidal ideation) were not. CONCLUSIONS There is heterogeneity in health risks as a function of CLS exposure type. Further research is needed to identify causal mechanisms and differences based on demographic characteristics. Given high levels of polysubstance use across CLS exposure types, a shift towards a more comprehensive approach in substance use epidemiology may facilitate building an evidence-base to maximize treatment related interventions to reduce polysubstance-involved overdoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Ford
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Kasim Ortiz
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ty S Schepis
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Harper LA, Beck KC, Drazdowski TK, Li C. Sex and Sexual Identity Differences in Poly-tobacco Use and Psychological Distress in U.S. Adults: Results From the National Health Interview Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 25:19-27. [PMID: 35894290 PMCID: PMC9717376 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly-tobacco use (PTU), or the concomitant use of two or more nicotine and tobacco products, are a growing public health concern. Adults reporting increased psychological distress (PD) experience profound nicotine and tobacco health-related disparities. Sexual minority (SM) adults report more PTU and higher levels of PD than heterosexuals, yet little is known about patterns of nicotine and tobacco use and its relationship to PD in SM populations. AIMS AND METHODS The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual identity differences in PD and PTU. Data were drawn from the 2016-2018 National Health Interview Survey (N = 83 017), an annual cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. PD was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We fit sex-stratified, weighted, adjusted logistic models to compare PTU and PD by sexual identity. RESULTS PTU was more prevalent in adults with higher K6 scores. Female adults and SM adults had significantly higher K6 scores and were significantly more likely to experience serious PD when compared to their male and heterosexual counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides a snapshot of trends in PTU in relation to PD, gender, and sexual identity. Findings suggest higher rates of both PD and PTU in SM adults. Further research examining the mechanisms underlying this disparity is critical to the development of effective intervention and prevention strategies. IMPLICATIONS Little is known about sex and sexual identity differences in the relations between patterns of tobacco product use and PD. This study is the first to examine the effect of gender and sexual identity on both PD and PTU. SMs reported higher rates of PD and were more likely to be poly-tobacco users. As new ways of engaging nicotine/tobacco continue to proliferate, health risks will endure especially for marginalized populations. An increased understanding of the psychological and social correlates of PTU in SMs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia A Harper
- Corresponding Author: Leia A. Harper, PhD, Department of Psychology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd., Portland, OR 97202, USA. E-mail:
| | - Kira C Beck
- Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Christina Li
- Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
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Sönmez İ, Palamar JJ. Trends in Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Adults, 2015-2019: Differential Risk According to Sexual Orientation. Arch Suicide Res 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35801497 PMCID: PMC9825676 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2096519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the United States and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are disproportionately at risk of suicide in comparison to heterosexuals. METHODS We examined data from adults participating for five waves (2015-2019) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We first determined whether there is differential risk of suicidal thoughts, suicide plans, and suicide attempts (self-injurious thoughts and behaviors [SITBs]) in the past year according to current sexual orientation. We then estimated linear trends in prevalence of each SITB outcome stratified by each sexual orientation category. RESULTS We estimate that compared to heterosexual men and women, gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women are at greater odds of past-year suicidal thoughts, suicide plans, and suicide attempts, respective to their sexes. Between 2015 and 2019, suicidal thoughts increased among bisexual men (by 34.3%, p = 0.037), lesbian women (by 18.4%, p = 0.033), and bisexual women (by 15.7%, p < 0.001). Prevalence of suicide plans increased among heterosexual men (by 15.3%, p = 0.017), gay men (by 28.5%, p = 0.037), and bisexual women (by 23.2%, p < 0.001). Suicide attempts increased among bisexual women by 26.6% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority identity is a risk factor for SITBs. Bisexual women in particular are not only at greater risk for SITBs, but estimated prevalence has increased in recent years. More attention needs to be paid to LGB populations regarding future suicide prevention efforts.
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