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Li Y, Cheng L, Yang B, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Nie Y, Liu Y, Xu A. Zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites specifically remediated Cd-contaminated soil via reduction of bioavailability and ecotoxicity of Cd. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173641. [PMID: 38825205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
From both environment and health perspectives, sustainable management of ever-growing soil contamination by heavy metal is posing a serious global concern. The potential ecotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) to soil and ecosystem seriously threatens human health. Developing efficient, specific, and long-term remediation technology for Cd-contaminated soil is impending to synchronously minimize the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of Cd. In the present study, zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite (ZnO/GO) was developed as a novel amendment for remediating Cd-contaminated soil. Our results showed that ZnO/GO effectively decreased the available soil Cd content, and increased pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in both Cd-spiked standard soil and Cd-contaminated mine field soil through the interaction between ZnO/GO and soil organic acids. Using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model organism for soil safety evaluation, ZnO/GO was further proved to decrease the ecotoxicity of Cd-contaminated soil. Specifically, ZnO/GO promoted Cd excretion and declined Cd storage in C. elegans by increasing the expression of gene ttm-1 and decreasing the level of gene cdf-2, which were responsible for Cd transportation and Cd accumulation, respectively. Moreover, the efficacy of ZnO/GO in remediating the properties and ecotoxicity of Cd-contaminated soil increased gradually with the time gradient, and could maintain a long-term effect after reaching the optimal remediation efficiency. Our findings established a specific and long-term strategy to simultaneously improve soil properties and reduce ecotoxicity of Cd-contaminated soil, which might provide new insights into the potential application of ZnO/GO in soil remediation for both ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Baolin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yuting Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.
| | - An Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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2
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Rivenbark KJ, Fawkes LS, Nikkhah H, Wang M, Sansom GT, Beykal B, Wade TL, Phillips TD. Using L. minor and C. elegans to assess the ecotoxicity of real-life contaminated soil samples and their remediation by clay- and carbon-based sorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123762. [PMID: 38479705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Toxic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, can accumulate in soil, posing a risk to human health and the environment. To reduce the risk of exposure, rapid identification and remediation of potentially hazardous soils is necessary. Adsorption of contaminants by activated carbons and clay materials is commonly utilized to decrease the bioavailability of chemicals in soil and environmental toxicity in vitro, and this study aims to determine their efficacy in real-life soil samples. Two ecotoxicological models (Lemna minor and Caenorhabditis elegans) were used to test residential soil samples, known to contain an average of 5.3, 262, and 9.6 ppm of PAHs, lead, and mercury, for potential toxicity. Toxicity testing of these soils indicated that 86% and 58% of soils caused ≤50% inhibition of growth and survival of L. minor and C. elegans, respectively. Importantly, 3 soil samples caused ≥90% inhibition of growth in both models, and the toxicity was positively correlated with levels of heavy metals. These toxic soil samples were prioritized for remediation using activated carbon and SM-Tyrosine sorbents, which have been shown to immobilize PAHs and heavy metals, respectively. The inclusion of low levels of SM-Tyrosine protected the growth and survival of L. minor and C. elegans by 83% and 78%, respectively from the polluted soil samples while activated carbon offered no significant protection. These results also indicated that heavy metals were the driver of toxicity in the samples. Results from this study demonstrate that adsorption technologies are effective strategies for remediating complex, real-life soil samples contaminated with hazardous pollutants and protecting natural soil and groundwater resources and habitats. The results highlight the applicability of these ecotoxicological models as rapid screening tools for monitoring soil quality and verifying the efficacy of remediation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Rivenbark
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Leanne S Fawkes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Texas School of Public Health San Antonio at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hasan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Meichen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Garett T Sansom
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Burcu Beykal
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Terry L Wade
- Geochemical & Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Timothy D Phillips
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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3
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Rivenbark KJ, Nikkhah H, Wang M, Beykal B, Phillips TD. Toxicity of representative organophosphate, organochlorine, phenylurea, dinitroaniline, carbamate, and viologen pesticides to the growth and survival of H. vulgaris, L. minor, and C. elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21781-21796. [PMID: 38396181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly found in the environment and pose a risk to target and non-target species; therefore, employing a set of bioassays to rapidly assess the toxicity of these chemicals to diverse species is crucial. The toxicity of nine individual pesticides from organophosphate, organochlorine, phenylurea, dinitroaniline, carbamate, and viologen chemical classes and a mixture of all the compounds were tested in three bioassays (Hydra vulgaris, Lemna minor, and Caenorhabditis elegans) that represent plant, aquatic, and soil-dwelling species, respectively. Multiple endpoints related to growth and survival were measured for each model, and EC10 and EC50 values were derived for each endpoint to identify sensitivity patterns according to chemical classes and target organisms. L. minor had the lowest EC10 and EC50 values for seven and five of the individual pesticides, respectively. L. minor was also one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive to the mixture compared to H. vulgaris and C. elegans, where EC50 values were calculated to be 0.00042, 0.0014, and 0.038 mM, respectively. H. vulgaris was the most sensitive species to the remaining individual pesticides, and C. elegans consistently ranked the least sensitive to all tested compounds. When comparing the EC50 values across all pesticides, the endpoints of L. minor were correlated with each other while the endpoints measured in H. vulgaris and C. elegans were clustered together. While there was no apparent relationship between the chemical class of pesticide and toxicity, the compounds were more closely clustered based on target organisms (herbicide vs insecticide). The results of this study demonstrate that the combination of these plant, soil, and aquatic specie can serve as representative indicators of pesticide pollution in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Rivenbark
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hasan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Meichen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Burcu Beykal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Timothy D Phillips
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Tejeda-Benítez L, Noguera K, Aga D, Olivero-Verbel J. Pesticides in sediments from Magdalena River, Colombia, are linked to reproductive toxicity on Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139602. [PMID: 37480944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are prevalent pollutants found in river sediments in agricultural regions worldwide, leading to environmental pollution and toxic effects on biota. In this study, twenty sediment samples were collected from the Magdalena River in Colombia and analyzed for forty pesticides. Methanolic extracts of the sediments were used to expose Caenorhabditis elegans for 24 h, evaluating the effects on its reproduction. The most abundant pesticides found in Magdalena River sediments were atrazine, bromacil, DDE, and chlorpyrifos. The concentrations of DDE and the sum of DDD, DDE, and DDT were above the Threshold Effect Concentration (TEC) values for freshwater sediments, indicating potential effects on aquatic organisms. The ratios of DDT/(DDE + DDD) and DDD/DDE suggest historical contributions of DDT and degradation under aerobic conditions. Several sampling sites displayed a moderate toxicity risk to biota, as calculated by the sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ). Nematode brood size was reduced by up to 37% after sediment extract exposure. The presence of chlordane, DDT-related compounds, and chlorpyrifos in Magdalena River sediments was associated with reproductive toxicity among C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Tejeda-Benítez
- Biomedical, Toxicological and Environmental Sciences (Biotoxam), Campus Piedra de Bolivar, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Katia Noguera
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Diana Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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5
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Höss S, Sanders D, van Egmond R. Determining the toxicity of organic compounds to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans based on aqueous concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96290-96300. [PMID: 37567994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used for assessing the toxicity of chemicals in aqueous medium. However, chemicals can absorb to the bacterial food, which reduces the freely dissolved concentrations of the tested compounds. Thus, based on total or nominal concentrations, toxicity is underestimated, resulting in misleading assumptions on toxicity mechanisms or comparisons to other test organisms. As the verification of freely dissolved exposure concentrations (Cfree) is challenging in small test systems, simple partitioning models might by a good option for estimating Cfree. Therefore, C. elegans was exposed to seven differently acting organic chemicals with varying hydrophobicities, thus also different affinities to bind to the food of C. elegans. Measured concentrations of the dissolved aqueous and the bacterial-bound fraction allowed the calculation of binding constants (Kb). Experimental Kb were comparable to literature data of hydrophobic chemicals and correlated well with their hydrophobicity, expressed as log KOW. The chronic toxicity of the various compounds on C. elegans' reproduction, based on their aqueous concentration, was weakly related to their log KOW. Toxicity expressed based on chemical activity and comparisons with a baseline toxicity model, nevertheless, suggested a narcotic mode of action for most hydrophobic compounds (except methylisothiazolinone and trichlorocarbanilide). Although revealing a similar toxicity ranking than Daphnia magna, C. elegans was less sensitive, probably due to its ability to reduce its internal concentrations by means of its very impermeable cuticle or by efficient detoxification mechanisms. It could be shown that measured aqueous concentrations in the nematode test system corresponded well with freely dissolved concentrations that were modeled using simple mass-balance models from nominal concentrations. This offers the possibility to estimate freely dissolved concentrations of chemicals from nominal concentrations, making routine testing of chemicals and their comparison to other species more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Sanders
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Roger van Egmond
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
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Albert S, Bloem E. Ecotoxicological methods to evaluate the toxicity of bio-based fertilizer application to agricultural soils - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163076. [PMID: 37003177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of possible contaminants can be contained in bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) because of their complex matrix. The chemical characterization of BBFs is a challenging analytical task. Therefore, it is important for sustainable agricultural production to develop standard procedures to assess new bio-based fertilizers for possible hazards related to their application in order to guarantee their safety for soils organisms, plants and the environment. There is a huge number of ecotoxicological tests for aquatic and terrestrial organisms. They were developed for the evaluation of chemicals, pesticides and industrial wastes on aquatic systems and soil functioning. These tests can be useful for the assessment of BBFs. Ecotoxicological tests in comparison to chemical analysis have the advantage to capture the effects of all possible contaminants and metabolites available in the product. The bioavailability of toxic compounds and their interaction are recorded while the cause-and-effect-chain is not elucidated. Numerous ecotoxicological tests work with liquid media, capturing the effects of pollutants that can be mobilized. Hence, standardized procedures how to produce solvents from BBFs are mandatory. Moreover, tests using the original (solid) material are necessary in order to determine the toxicity of a given BBF in its application form and to cover the potential toxicity of non-soluble compounds. To date there are no rules how to determine the ecotoxicological potential of BBFs. A tiered approach of chemical analytical parameters in combination with a set of ecotoxicological tests and the measurement of sensitive soil indicators seem to be a promising experimental setup for the evaluation of BBFs. A decision tree for such an approach was developed. An extended ecotoxicological test strategy of BBFs is mandatory to identify the most promising raw materials and BBF processing technologies to end up with sustainable fertilizer products showing a high agronomic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Albert
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Sciences, Bundesallee 58, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elke Bloem
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Sciences, Bundesallee 58, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Ashun E, Kim S, Jang M, Chae KJ, Oh SE. Assessing the toxicity of contaminated soils via direct contact using a gas production bioassay of thiosulfate utilizing denitrifying bacteria (TUDB). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117616. [PMID: 36934665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A direct contact bioassay of thiosulfate utilizing denitrifying bacteria (TUDB) based on inhibition of gas production was deployed to assess the toxicity of naturally contaminated field soils and soils artificially contaminated with heavy metals. Test procedure producing optimal conditions responsible for maximum gas production was 0.5 mL test culture, 1 g soil sample, 80 RPM, and 48 h reaction time. Similarly, the concentrations which generated a 50% reduction in gas production by TUDB for the tested heavy metals were 3.01 mg/kg Cr6+; 15.30 mg/kg Ni2+;15.50 mg/kg Cu2+;16.60 mg/kg Ag+; 20.60 mg/kg As3+; 32.80 mg/kg Hg2+; 54.70 mg/kg Cd2+; and 74.0 mg/kg Pb2+. Because soil toxicity is usually influenced by various physicochemical characteristics, ten reference soils were used to determine the toxicity threshold for evaluating the toxicity of naturally contaminated field soils. All eight contaminated soils were toxic to the TUDB bioassay because their levels of inhibition ranged between 72% and 100% and exceeded the determined toxicity threshold of 10%. Compared to other direct contact assays, the newly developed assay TUDB proved to be very robust, producing highly sensitive data while the different soil physicochemical properties exerted minimal influence on the gas production activity of TUDB. Additionally, the simplicity of the developed methodology coupled with the elimination of pretreatment procedures such as elutriation, and ability to perform generate sensitive data in turbid and highly colored samples makes it, cost-effective, and easily adaptable for the assessment of heavy metal and field contaminated soils when compared with other conventional assays which require sophisticated instrumentation and prolonged testing procedures and times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ashun
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, P.O Box 237, Tarkwa, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Tommasi F, Lyons DM, Pagano G, Oral R, Thomas PJ, Eccles KM, Tez S, Toscanesi M, Giarra A, Siciliano A, Dipierro N, Gjata I, Guida M, Libralato G, Jaklin A, Burić P, Kovačić I, Trifuoggi M. Geospatial pattern of topsoil pollution and multi-endpoint toxicity in the petrochemical area of Augusta-Priolo (eastern Sicily, Italy). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138802. [PMID: 37146778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at identifying geospatial patterns of pollutants including concentrations and toxicity as complex environmental mixtures, in topsoil samples close to petrochemical facilities in the heavily industrialized area of Augusta and Priolo in south-eastern Sicily (Italy). Elemental analysis of soil was conducted by ICP-MS for 23 metals and 16 rare earth elements (REEs). Organic analyses were primarily focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (16 parent homologs) and total aliphatic hydrocarbons (C10 - C40). Topsoil samples were tested for toxicity in multiple bioassay models including: 1) developmental defects and cytogenetic anomalies in sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis early life stages; 2) growth inhibition of diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum; 3) mortality in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; and 4) induction of mitotic abnormalities in onion Allium cepa. Samples collected at sites closest to defined petrochemical facilities were highest in select pollutants and correlated with biological effects in different toxicity endpoints. A noteworthy finding was the increased level of total REEs in sites closest to petrochemical facilities, suggesting their contributions to identifying petrochemical sources of pollutants to the environment. The combined data obtained in the different bioassays allowed exploration of geospatial patterns of effect in biota as a function of contaminant levels. In conclusion, this study provides consistent data of soil toxicity, metal and REE contamination at Augusta-Priolo sampling sites, and may provide an appropriate baseline for epidemiological studies on high incidences of congenital birth defects in the area and identification of at-risk localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Tommasi
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel M Lyons
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rahime Oral
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, TR-35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Center - Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Kristin M Eccles
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Serkan Tez
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, TR-35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Giarra
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nunzio Dipierro
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Isidora Gjata
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrej Jaklin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Petra Burić
- Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, HR-52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Ines Kovačić
- Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, HR-52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy
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Long NP, Kang JS, Kim HM. Caenorhabditis elegans: a model organism in the toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39273-39287. [PMID: 36745349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unfavorable effects of environmental pollutants are becoming increasingly evident. In recent years, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been used as a powerful terrestrial model organism for environmental toxicity studies owing to its various advantages, including ease of culture, short lifespan, small size, transparent body, and well-characterized genome. In vivo bioassays and field studies can analyze and evaluate various toxic effects of the toxicants on the model organism, while emerging technologies allow profound insights into molecular disturbances underlying the observed phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the applications of C. elegans as a model organism in environmental toxicity studies and delineate apical assays such as lifespan, growth rate, reproduction, and locomotion, which are widely used in toxicity evaluation. In addition to phenotype assays, a comprehensive understanding of the toxic mode of action and mechanism can be achieved through a highly sensitive multi-omics approach, including the expression levels of genes and endogenous metabolites. Recent studies on environmental toxicity using these approaches have been summarized. This review highlights the practicality and advantages of C. elegans in evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants and presents the findings of recent toxicity studies performed using this model organism. Finally, we propose crucial technical considerations to escalate the appropriate use of C. elegans in examining the toxic effects of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Yang R, Ge P, Liu X, Chen W, Yan Z, Chen M. Chemical Composition and Transgenerational Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans of Seasonal Fine Particulate Matter. TOXICS 2023; 11:116. [PMID: 36850991 PMCID: PMC9964627 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While numerous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on human health, little attention has been paid to its impact on offspring health. The multigenerational toxic effects on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were investigated by acute exposure. PM2.5 and PM1 samples were collected and analysed for their chemical composition (inorganic ions, metals, OM, PAHs) in different seasons from April 2019 to January 2020 in Lin'an, China. A higher proportion of organic carbon components (34.3%, 35.9%) and PAHs (0.0144%, 0.0200%) occupied the PM2.5 and PM1 samples in winter, respectively. PM1 in summer was enriched with some metal elements (2.7%). Exposure to fine PM caused developmental slowing and increased germ cell apoptosis, as well as inducing intestinal autofluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PM1 caused stronger toxic effects than PM2.5. The correlation between PM component and F0 generation toxicity index was analysed. Body length, germ cell apoptosis and intestinal autofluorescence were all highly correlated with Cu, As, Pb, OC and PAHs, most strongly with PAHs. The highest correlation coefficients between ROS and each component are SO42- (R = 0.743), Cd (R = 0.816) and OC (R = 0.716). The results imply that OC, PAHs and some transition metals play an important role in the toxicity of fine PM to C. elegans, where the organic fraction may be the key toxicogenic component. The multigenerational studies show that PM toxicity can be passed from parent to offspring, and gradually returns to control levels in the F3-F4 generation with germ cell apoptosis being restored in the F4 generation. Therefore, the adverse effects of PM on reproductive damage are more profound.
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Hussain F, Ashun E, Jung SP, Kim T, Lee SH, Kim DJ, Oh SE. A direct contact bioassay using immobilized microalgal balls to evaluate the toxicity of contaminated field soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115930. [PMID: 35994967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study used a bioassay of immobilized microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) via direct contact to assess the toxicity of eleven uncontaminated (reference) and five field contaminated soils with various physicochemical properties and contamination. Photosynthetic oxygen concentration in the headspace of the test kit by Chlorella vulgaris in the reference soils ranged between 12.93% and 14.80% and only 2.54%-7.14% in the contaminated soils, respectively. Inherent test variability (CVi) values ranged between 2.90% and 9.04%; variation due to soil natural properties (CVrs) ranged between 0.33% and 13.0%; and minimal detectable difference (MDD) values ranged from 4.69% to 11.6%. A computed toxicity threshold of 15% was established for microalgae soil toxicity tests based on calculations of the maximal tolerable inhibition (MTI). All contaminated soils were considered toxic to microalgae because their levels of inhibition ranged between 39.5% and 82.9%, exceeding the 15% toxicity threshold. It can be concluded that the elevated concentrations of heavy metals and organic contaminants in the contaminated soils induced the higher inhibitory levels. Overall, direct contact soil toxicity tests using immobilized microalgae provided coherent and repeatable data and can be utilized as a simple and suitable tool for the toxicity testing of contaminated field soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Hussain
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ebenezer Ashun
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokhee P Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonsun University, 61452, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Moya A, Tejedor D, Manetti M, Clavijo A, Pagano E, Munarriz E, Kronberg MF. Reproductive toxicity by exposure to low concentrations of pesticides in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicology 2022; 475:153229. [PMID: 35697162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In view of the recurrent applications of pesticides in agricultural producing countries, the increased presence of these substances in the environment raise a demand for the evaluation of adverse effects on non-target organisms. This study assesses the impact of exposure to five pesticides suspected of being endocrine disruptors (atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) on the reproductive development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To this end, nematodes in the L4 larval stage were exposed to different concentrations of pesticides for 24 h and the consequences on brood size, percentage of gravid nematodes, expression of reproductive-related genes and vitellogenin trafficking and endocytosis were measured. Moreover, 17β-estradiol was used as an estrogenic control for endocrine disrupting compounds throughout the work. The results showed that all the pesticides disturbed to some extent one or more of the evaluated endpoints. Remarkably, we found that atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorpyrifos produced comparable responses to 17β-estradiol suggesting that these pesticides may have estrogen-like endocrine disrupting activity. Atrazine and 17β-estradiol, as well as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorpyrifos to a lesser extent, decreased the brood size, affected vitellogenin trafficking and endocytosis, and changed the expression of several reproductive-related genes. Conversely, mancozeb and cypermethrin had the least impact on the evaluated endpoint. Cypermethrin affected the brood size at the highest concentration tested and mancozeb altered the distribution of vitellogenin only in approximately 10% of the population. However, both products overexpressed hus-1 and vit-2 genes, indicating that an induction of stress could interfere with the normal development of the nematode. In conclusion, our work proved that C. elegans is a useful biological model to identify the effects of estrogen-like endocrine disruptor compounds, and the sublethal endpoints proposed may serve as an important contribution on evaluating environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldana Moya
- Cátedra de Protección vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Tejedor
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli Clavijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. Bolivia 5150, A4408FVY Ciudad de Salta, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Munarriz
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Kronberg
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Nematodes As Soil Stress Indicators for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: a Review. Helminthologia 2022; 59:117-126. [PMID: 36118368 PMCID: PMC9444203 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of organic pollutants present in all parts of the environment, affecting ecosystems and human health. PAHs, which have a strong affinity for organic carbon, are found in large quantities in soil, which is one of the most important sinks for these contaminants. Their impact on the soil biotic compartments depends on a number of different factors in combination with PAH behaviour and can be assessed using soil monitoring. Soil fauna have already shown excellent properties for biomonitoring of contaminants with most promising indicator frameworks based on nematodes, which are involved in essential processes in this environment. Nematodes respond to PAHs at multiple levels, including molecular, individual and community levels. At the molecular level, this is associated with activation of metabolic pathways for xenobiotics and increased demand for energy and resources. At the individual level, this is reflected in the slowing down of various physiological processes, which has consequences at the individual and community level for sensitive taxa. In this review, the toxicity and the direct and indirect effects of PAHs on soil nematode communities are discussed. It also considers the perspectives and challenges in assessing the toxicity of PAHs and their indication using soil nematodes.
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Fajardo C, Martín C, Garrido E, Sánchez-Fortún S, Nande M, Martín M, Costa G. Copper and Chromium toxicity is mediated by oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans: The use of nanoparticles as an immobilization strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103846. [PMID: 35288336 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by heavy metals (HMs) has impelled searching for stabilization strategies, where the use of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) is considered a promising option. We have evaluated the combined effect of Cu(II)-Cr(VI) on two Caenorhabditis elegans strains (N2 and RB1072 sod-2 mutant) in aqueous solutions and in a standard soil, prior and after treatment with nZVI (5% w/w). The results showed that HMs aqueous solutions had an intense toxic effect on both strains. Production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced expression of the heat shock protein Hsp-16.2 was observed, indicating increased HM-mediated oxidative stress. Toxic effects of HM-polluted soil on worms were higher for sod-2 mutant than for N2 strain. However, nZVI treatment significantly diminished all these effects. Our findings highlighted C. elegans as a sensitive indicator for HMs pollution and its usefulness to assess the efficiency of the nanoremediation strategy to decrease the toxicity of Cu(II)-Cr(VI) polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fajardo
- Dpt. Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Martín
- Dpt. of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 3 Complutense Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Garrido
- Dpt of Physiology. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Sánchez-Fortún
- Dpt. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Nande
- Dpt. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín
- Dpt. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Costa
- Dpt of Physiology. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Ni S, Zhang H, Sun L, Zhao Y, Pei C, Nie Y, Liu X, Wu L, Xu A. Transgenerational reproductive toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its metabolite 4-ADNT in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103865. [PMID: 35436606 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as an energetic compound widely used in military applications has aroused great concerns in recent years due to its large-scale contamination in soil and water; however, its toxicity is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the reproductive toxicity and the transgenerational effects of TNT on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Our data showed that exposure to TNT at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 ng/mL resulted in decreasing the lifespan, brood size, number of oocytes and eggs in uterus, while increasing the number of germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans. The apoptotic effects of TNT were blocked in mutants of cep-1 (w40), egl-1 (n487), and hus-1 (op241), indicating conserved genotoxic response genes was involved in mediating TNT-induced germ cell apoptosis. Parental exposure to TNT significantly increased the germ cell apoptosis from P0 to F2 generation, but the toxicity faded away in F3 and F4 generations. Furthermore, TNT was rapidly metabolized in P0, and the accumulation of 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), the main metabolite of TNT in C. elegans, showed a significant decrease from P0 to F1 and a slow decrease in the subsequent generations. Our results demonstrated that ingested TNT can cause severe transgenerational reproductive toxicity and be rapidly converted to 4-ADNT in the nematodes. These data provided basis for future studies on the effects of energetic compounds across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyao Ni
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lingyan Sun
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Pei
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
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16
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Efficiency of Penicillium canescens in Dissipating PAH in Industrial Aged Contaminated Soil Microcosms and Its Impact on Soil Organic Matter and Ecotoxicity. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Penicillium canescens, isolated from oil-polluted soil, was evaluated for its ability to dissipate high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The study was conducted in a microcosm containing 180 g of historical PAH-contaminated soil under non-sterile conditions with two incubation temperatures (14 °C and 18 °C) on a 12-h cycle. The experiment was conducted over 8 months, with four experimental conditions created by varying the volumes of the bulking agent and vegetable oil (olive oil) and the time of addition of these compounds. The PAH dissipation performance of the fungal augmentation treatment was compared with that achieved with a biostimulated soil (bulking agent and vegetable oil) and with the untreated soil as control. The greatest PAH dissipation was obtained with P. canescens bioaugmentation (35.71% ± 1.73), with 13 of the 16 US EPA PAH significantly dissipated, at rates above 18%, and particularly high-molecular-weight PAH, composed of more than three fused aromatic rings. Nematode toxicity tests indicated a significant decrease in the toxicity of soil bioaugmented by this fungus. Fulvic and humic contents were significantly increased by this treatment. All these results suggest that bioaugmentation with P. canescens can be used to restore soils with long-term PAH contamination.
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Liu M, Guo C, Zhu C, Lv J, Yang W, Wu L, Xu J. Vertical profile and assessment of soil pollution from a typical coking plant by suspect screening and non-target screening using GC/QTOF-MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151278. [PMID: 34756906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive workflow for suspect screening and non-target screening with gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/QTOF-MS) was used to characterize the pollution characteristics of soil samples in a typical coking plant in China. Suspect screening confirmed 57 chemicals including PAHs, alkyl PAHs, and phthalates contained in high-resolution personal compound database and library (PCDL). Non-target screening detected 88 chemicals from soil samples in the NIST 17 library. A total of 122 chemicals were screened in soil samples, and many of them were of emerging concern. Their presence in the soil obtained from coking operations has been underestimated, such as the oxygenated PAHs (naphtho[2,1-b]furan and 9H-fluoren-9-one), and the alkyl biphenyls compounds (4,4'-dimethylbiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl, 4-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl and 2,2',5,5'-tetramethyl-1,1'-biphenyl). Toxicity assays by luminescent bacteria proved that the extracts from soil samples at different depths showed varying toxicity to V. qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. Soil extracts from a depth of 20-40 cm exhibited the greatest toxicity to luminescent bacteria compared with the other six-layered soil samples, which was correlated with the number of detectable pollutants and total organic carbon content. This study provided a screening method for suspect and non-target contaminants in urban industrial soil sites, which was important in identifying localized contamination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chaofei Zhu
- National Research Center for Environment Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiapei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- National Research Center for Environment Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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18
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Gerald C, Deshazo B, Patterson H, Spence P. Growth and chemotaxis of nematodes reduced upon exposure to Third Fork Creek surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2022; 34:9. [PMID: 35070617 PMCID: PMC8759429 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Third Fork Creek is a historically impaired urban stream that flows through the city of Durham, North Carolina. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) are non-parasitic, soil and aquatic dwelling nematodes that have been used frequently as a biological and ecotoxicity model. We hypothesize that exposure to Third Fork Creek surface water will inhibit the growth and chemotaxis of C. elegans. Using our ring assay model, nematodes were enticed to cross the water samples to reach a bacterial food source which allowed observation of chemotaxis. The total number of nematodes found in the bacterial food source and the middle of the plate with the water source was recorded for 3 days. RESULTS Our findings suggest a reduction in chemotaxis and growth on day three in nematodes exposed to Third Fork Creek water samples when compared to the control (p value < 0.05). These exploratory data provide meaningful insight to the quality of Third Fork Creek located near a Historically Black University. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are necessary to elucidate the concentrations of the water contaminants and implications for human health. The relevance of this study lies within the model C. elegans that has been used in a plethora of human diseases and exposure research but can be utilized as an environmental indicator of water quality impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carresse Gerald
- Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, 2205 Mary Townes Science Complex, Durham, NC 27707 USA
| | - Boris Deshazo
- Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, 2205 Mary Townes Science Complex, Durham, NC 27707 USA
| | - Hayden Patterson
- Science and Research Summer Program, NSF-CREST, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707 USA
| | - Porché Spence
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707 USA
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19
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Ashun E, Toor UA, Kim HS, Kim KR, Park SJ, Hong S, Oh SE. A direct contact bioassay using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) for toxicity assessment of contaminated field soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131599. [PMID: 34315084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 11 low/uncontaminated (including Lufa 2.2) and 9 contaminated field soils with varying geophysical and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated for toxicities based on oxygen consumption of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Oxygen consumption of the low/uncontaminated soils ranged between 7.9 mL and 9.5 mL, while contaminated soils ranged between 0.4 mL and 5.4 mL. Inherent test variability (CVi), variation due to soil natural properties (CVns) and minimal detectable difference (MDD) values ranged 1.2%-3.9%, 3.5%-16.9%, and 2.1%-4.3%, respectively. The toxicity threshold of 20% was established for soil toxicity based maximal tolerable inhibition (MTI). All the contaminated soils were found to be toxic and showed inhibition between 42% and 100% above the 20% threshold value. Increased proportions of clay and slit enhanced the of inhibitory effect of contaminants on SOB by reducing the oxygen consumption. Current study provides a suitable method for the rapid toxicity assessment of contaminated field soils with the advantages of ease of handling and rapidity without employing elutriates and sophisticated equipments and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ashun
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Umair Ali Toor
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Rae Kim
- Department of Smart Agro-Industry, Gyeongsang National University Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Hong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Díaz-Morales DM, Erasmus JH, Bosch S, Nachev M, Smit NJ, Zimmermann S, Wepener V, Sures B. Metal contamination and toxicity of soils and river sediments from the world's largest platinum mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117284. [PMID: 33984780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities in the world's largest platinum mining area in South Africa have resulted in environmental contamination with Pt (e.g., the Hex River's vicinity). The present study compared a Pt mining area with a non-mining area along this river in terms of (1) metal concentrations in different grain size fractions from soils and aquatic sediments; (2) the toxicological potential of aquatic sediments based on the Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guideline (CBSQG); and (3) the chronic toxicity of aqueous eluates from soils and sediments to Caenorhabditis elegans. Platinum concentrations were higher in the mining area than in the non-mining area. For most metals, the sediment silt and clay fraction contained the highest metal concentrations. Based on the CBSQG, most sampling sites exhibited a high toxicological potential, driven by Cr and Ni. Eluate toxicity testing revealed that C. elegans growth, fertility, and reproduction inhibition were not dependent on mining activities or the CBSQG predictions. Toxicity was instead likely due to Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pt, and Pb. In conclusion, the investigated region is loaded with a high geogenic background resulting in high reproduction inhibition. The mining activities lead to additional environmental metal contamination (particularly Pt), contributing to environmental soil and sediment toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakeishla M Díaz-Morales
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Johannes H Erasmus
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Suanne Bosch
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Milen Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Sonja Zimmermann
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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21
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du Preez GC, Fourie H, Daneel MS, Wepener V. Application of a soil quality triad in assessing ecological risk posed to croplands. S AFR J SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2021/8280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy soil ecosystems fulfil multiple functions (e.g. cycling nutrients and controlling pests), which play an important role in sustainable food production. However, the application of polluted irrigation water poses a major risk to soil quality (health) and warrants investigation to ultimately inform decision-making. We hypothesised that the standardised soil quality TRIAD approach (ISO 19204), which integrates the chemistry, ecology, and ecotoxicology lines of evidence, can be used as part of an ecological risk assessment of cropland soils. To investigate the applicability of this approach in an agricultural setting, we collected soils from croplands associated with the Hartbeespoort and Crocodile (West) irrigation schemes, which utilise water known to be heavily impacted by anthropogenic (metal, nutrient, and salt) pollution. Croplands associated with the Marico-Bosveld Irrigation Scheme served as the reference systems. Data from the three lines of evidence were scaled, weighted, and integrated. Moderate risk was evidenced for nutrient and salt content in most croplands associated with the Hartbeespoort Irrigation Scheme. However, either no or low risk was recorded for the ecology and ecotoxicology lines of evidence. Finally, the integrated risk assessment concluded that only low ecological risk was posed to soil quality, likely as a result of agricultural activities (e.g. tillage and fertiliser application) that deteriorated soils also at the reference system. This study shows important limitations in the application of ecological risk assessments in conventionally farmed soils, but still holds promise for organic and conservation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard C. du Preez
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council – Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Hendrika Fourie
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mieke S. Daneel
- Agricultural Research Council – Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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22
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Hartman JH, Widmayer SJ, Bergemann CM, King DE, Morton KS, Romersi RF, Jameson LE, Leung MCK, Andersen EC, Taubert S, Meyer JN. Xenobiotic metabolism and transport in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2021; 24:51-94. [PMID: 33616007 PMCID: PMC7958427 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1884921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a major model in biomedical and environmental toxicology. Numerous papers on toxicology and pharmacology in C. elegans have been published, and this species has now been adopted by investigators in academic toxicology, pharmacology, and drug discovery labs. C. elegans has also attracted the interest of governmental regulatory agencies charged with evaluating the safety of chemicals. However, a major, fundamental aspect of toxicological science remains underdeveloped in C. elegans: xenobiotic metabolism and transport processes that are critical to understanding toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, and extrapolation to other species. The aim of this review was to initially briefly describe the history and trajectory of the use of C. elegans in toxicological and pharmacological studies. Subsequently, physical barriers to chemical uptake and the role of the worm microbiome in xenobiotic transformation were described. Then a review of what is and is not known regarding the classic Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III processes was performed. In addition, the following were discussed (1) regulation of xenobiotic metabolism; (2) review of published toxicokinetics for specific chemicals; and (3) genetic diversity of these processes in C. elegans. Finally, worm xenobiotic transport and metabolism was placed in an evolutionary context; key areas for future research highlighted; and implications for extrapolating C. elegans toxicity results to other species discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel J Widmayer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Dillon E King
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine S Morton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Riccardo F Romersi
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Laura E Jameson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University - West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Maxwell C K Leung
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University - West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Dept. Of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, the University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Oliveira NR, Moens T, Fonseca G, Nagata RM, Custódio MR, Gallucci F. Response of life-history traits of estuarine nematodes to the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 227:105609. [PMID: 32906060 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species responses to stress are expected to be dependent on their life-history strategy. In this study, we compare the responses of two free-living marine nematodes, Litoditis marina and Diplolaimella dievengatensis, both considered opportunistic, fast-growing, and stress-tolerant species, to the exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. Specifically, we evaluated the growth and reproduction rates, as well as the survival of individuals exposed from eggs and/or juveniles (J1) onwards. Exposure to SDS significantly affected the growth and reproduction rates of both species. However, whereas growth and reproduction rates of D. dievengatensis were significantly enhanced at low and intermediate concentrations of SDS (0.001% and 0.003%), for L. marina both parameters were significantly reduced by all SDS concentrations tested (0.001%, 0.003% and 0.006%). Exposure to SDS did not affect the survival of adult nematodes of D. dievengatensis, while for L. marina, survival of males exposed to 0.006% SDS was significantly reduced compared to the control. Responses of the life-history traits growth, fecundity and survival did not exhibit clear trade-offs. The contrasting responses of D. dievengatensis and L. marina indicate that biologically and ecologically similar species can have remarkably distinct tolerances to stress, and that, in agreement with recent studies, rhabditid nematodes cannot a priori be considered very stress tolerant. Consequently, single species traits and phylogenetic relatedness are poor predictors of nematode responses to toxic stress posed by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilvea Ramalho Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP: 96203-900, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil.
| | - Tom Moens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Unit, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, CEP: 11070-100, Santos - SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Mitsuo Nagata
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP: 96203-900, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Reis Custódio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Gallucci
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, CEP: 11070-100, Santos - SP, Brazil
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24
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Cao X, Yan C, Wu X, Zhou L, Xiu G. Nonylphenol induced individual and population fluctuation of Caenorhabditis elegans: Disturbances on developmental and reproductive system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109486. [PMID: 32283338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risks that have arisen from endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs) have become global challenges, especially for persistent bio-accumulated xenobiotic chemicals, such as nonylphenol (NP). In the present study, the population dynamics of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were systemically investigated by conducting developmental and reproductive bioassays under the exposure of NP, which has been widely detected in actual aquatic environments. The results revealed that under NP exposure (400 μg L-1 NP), developmental indictors of C. elegans, including the body length and width were significantly inhibited at different life stages of L1 and L4 larva, and the growth curves were further adversely affected. In addition, abnormalities in reproductive systems were also observed under NP exposure. Such abnormalities obeyed a dose-dependent relationship with NP levels, which were closely related to the delayed spawning time and decreased reproductive rates. Moreover, the results from global genome expression analysis for nematodes revealed that the most significant enriched GO terms could be predominantly responsible for the dysregulation of growth and reproductive system. The population's parameters, including age composition and intrinsic growth rate (rm d-1), displayed significant changes, with a suppressed potentiality of population growth. Those data elucidated that NP exhibited a profound impact on the dynamic stability of the population, even with no obvious effect on certain biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chenzhi Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Guangli Xiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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25
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Kim SW, Jeong SW, An YJ. Application of a soil quality assessment system using ecotoxicological indicators to evaluate contaminated and remediated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1681-1690. [PMID: 31115717 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration of soil quality owing to human activities results in adverse effects on the soil ecosystem. This study developed a systematic method to quantitatively evaluate soil quality based on physical, chemical, biological, and ecotoxicological indicators and proposed the soil quality assessment and management system. This system consists of step-by-step processes, including indicator classification, indicator measurement, scoring and weighting, and soil quality index (SQI) calculation. The novel strategy included the usage of authentic ecotoxicological indicators for realistically interpreting soil quality assessment results. This study used five ecotoxicological indicators, including earthworm survival, enzyme activities, nematode reproduction, plant germination and growth, soil algal biomass, and soil algal photosynthetic capacity. Relatively higher SQI values than those corresponding to the actual soil quality status would be obtained without considering the ecotoxicological indicators. We conclude that the use of ecotoxicological indicator can help in soil quality assessment even under extreme soil quality conditions, such as highly contaminated or physically and chemically remediated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Korea.
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea.
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26
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De la Parra-Guerra A, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxicity of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylate on Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109709. [PMID: 31654870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the most used chemicals in the world are nonionic surfactants. One of these environmental pollutants is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP-9), also known as Tergitol, and its degradation product, nonylphenol (NP). The objective of this work was to determine the toxicity of NP and NP-9 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Wild-type L4 larvae were exposed to different concentrations of the surfactants to measure functional endpoints. Mutant strains were employed to promote the activation of toxicity signaling pathways related to mtl-2, gst-1, gpx-4, gpx-6, sod-4, hsp-70 and hsp-4. Additionally, stress response was also assessed using a daf-16::GFP transgenic strain. The lethality was concentration dependent, with 24-h LC50 of 122 μM and 3215 μM for NP and NP-9, respectively. Both compounds inhibited nematode growth, although NP was more potent; and at non-lethal concentrations, nematode locomotion was reduced. The increase in the expression of tested genes was significant at 10 μM for NP-9 and 0.001 μM for NP, implying a likely role for the activation of oxidative and cellular stress, as well as metabolism pathways. With the exception of glutathione peroxidase, which has a bimodal concentration-response curve for NP, typical of endocrine disruption, the other curves for this xenobiotic in the strains evaluated were almost flat for most concentrations, until reaching 50-100 μM, where the effect peaked. NP and NP-9 induced the activation and nuclear translocation of DAF-16, suggesting that transcription of stress-response genes may be mediated by the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. In contrast, NP-9 induced a concentration-dependent response for the sod-4 and hsp-4 mutants, with greater fluorescence induction than NP at similar levels. In short, NP and NP-9 affect the physiology of C. elegans and modulate gene expression related to ROS production, cellular stress and metabolism of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana De la Parra-Guerra
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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27
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Haegerbaeumer A, Raschke R, Reiff N, Traunspurger W, Höss S. Comparing the effects of fludioxonil on non-target soil invertebrates using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109596. [PMID: 31454750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The lower tier toxicity tests used for risk assessment of plant protection products are conducted with single species, only regarding direct effects of the tested substances. However, it is not clear, if lower tier tests are able to protect in situ soil communities, as these tests are not able to account for direct and indirect effects of chemicals on multi-species systems in natural soil communities. This knowledge gap between single-species tests and field studies can be bridged using model ecosystems (microcosms), which allow for the assessment of direct and indirect effects of the compounds under evaluation. In the present study, single-species toxicity tests and soil-spiked microcosms were used to comparatively investigate the toxicity of the non-systemic fungicide fludioxonil (FDO) on non-target soil organisms, with nematodes being the test organisms of choice. The potential effects of FDO on nematodes were investigated in two different test systems: (i) standardized toxicity tests using Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to FDO-spiked soil (FDO concentrations 50-1207 mg/kg soil dry weight) and (ii) in situ nematode communities sampled from microcosms containing FDO-spiked soil (FDO concentrations 75-600 mg/kg soil dry weight). FDO dose-dependently inhibited the reproduction of C. elegans, with an effect concentration (EC50) of 209.9 mg FDO/kg soil dry weight and a no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of 63.0 mg FDO/kg soil dry weight. In the microcosms, FDO significantly affected trait-based indices, such as the Maturity Index (MI25) and the Enrichment Index (EI), which responded already at FDO concentrations of 14.3 and 62.4 mg/kg dry soil. Overall, this study provides new insights into the impact of the non-systemic fungicide FDO on non-target soil organisms and demonstrates the suitability of nematode-based tools, that allow for a quick and cost-effective lower and higher tier risk assessment of plant protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Haegerbaeumer
- Bielefeld University, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Raschke
- Bielefeld University, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Walter Traunspurger
- Bielefeld University, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Bielefeld University, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany; Ecossa, Giselastr. 6, 82319, Starnberg, Germany
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28
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Höss S, Römbke J. Effects of waste materials on Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) using the ISO standard soil toxicity test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26304-26312. [PMID: 31286377 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicological characterization of waste according to the European Waste List (HP14) is part of its hazard classification, which is based on 15 different hazardous properties and should include toxicity tests representing the aquatic and terrestrial compartment. Besides established soil toxicity tests with bacteria, plants, and earthworms, the standardized test with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ISO 10872:2010) is suitable for testing soils and wastes, however, has never been validated for the purpose of waste toxicity assessment. Therefore, 23 different waste samples were tested for their toxicity on growth and reproduction of C. elegans to validate the suitability of ISO 10872 (ISO 2010) for assessing the ecotoxicological hazard of waste and to compare the results with those of other ecotoxicological test systems. C. elegans showed a comparable response to the waste samples as the earthworm avoidance test, however, with single samples where the nematodes indicated a higher toxicity than the E. fetida, thus, providing non-redundant information to the ecotoxicological hazard assessment of wastes. Also due to the short duration (4 days) and small-scale test set-up, the soil toxicity test with C. elegans turned out to be a valuable addition to already existing test batteries, for assessing the ecotoxicity of wastes in the soil compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Höss
- Ecossa, 82319, Starnberg, Germany.
- Department of Animal Ecology, University of Bielefeld, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, D-65439, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
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29
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Moyson S, Town RM, Vissenberg K, Blust R. The effect of metal mixture composition on toxicity to C. elegans at individual and population levels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218929. [PMID: 31237916 PMCID: PMC6592602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was characterised under single metal and mixture scenarios at different organisational levels. The effects on population size and body length were investigated at two concentrations corresponding to the 24 h LC5 and LC20 levels. Metal toxicity was dependent on metal concentration, exposure time and mixture composition. Populations exposed to LC20 levels of Cd, ZnCu, CuCd and ZnCuCd plummeted, while for all LC5 concentrations, population size continued to increase, albeit that single metals were less harmful than mixtures. Combinations of the LC20 concentration of Cd with a range of Zn concentrations showed concentration dependent mitigating effects on population size and antagonistic effects on mortality. By combining effects at different organisational levels, more insight into metal toxicity was obtained. Metal effects were more evident on population size than on body length or mortality, suggesting that population size could be considered as a sensitive endpoint. Furthermore, our observations of ZnCd mixture effects at the individual and population levels are consistent with literature data on the dose-dependent expression of the cdf-2 gene, which is involved in mediation of Zn and Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Moyson
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M. Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences Crete – Technological Educational Institute, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Food & Nutrition, Stavromenos, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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30
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Queirós L, Pereira JL, Gonçalves FJ, Pacheco M, Aschner M, Pereira P. Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool for environmental risk assessment: emerging and promising applications for a "nobelized worm". Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:411-429. [PMID: 31268799 PMCID: PMC6823147 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1626801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has been an invaluable model organism in research fields such as developmental biology and neurobiology. Neurotoxicity is one of the subfields greatly profiting from the C. elegans model within biomedical context, while the corresponding potential of the organism applied to environmental studies is relevant but has been largely underexplored. Within the biomedical scope, the implication of metals and organic chemicals with pesticide activity (hereinafter designated as pesticides) in the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases has been extensively investigated using this nematode as a primary model organism. Additionally, as a well-known experimental model bearing high sensitivity to different contaminants and representing important functional levels in soil and aquatic ecosystems, C. elegans has high potential to be extensively integrated within Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) routines. In spite of the recognition of some regulatory agencies, this actual step has yet to be made. The purpose of this review is to discuss the major advantages supporting the inclusion of C. elegans in lower tiers of ERA. Special emphasis was given to its sensitivity to metals and pesticides, which is similar to that of other model organisms commonly used in ERA (e.g. Daphnia magna and Eisenia sp.), and to the large array of endpoints that can be tested with the species, both concerning the aquatic and the soil compartments. The inclusion of C. elegans testing may hence represent a relevant advance in ERA, providing ecologically relevant insights toward improvement of the regulatory capacity for establishing appropriate environmental protection benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Queirós
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J. L. Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F. J.M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - P. Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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31
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Mokarram-Kashtiban S, Hosseini SM, Tabari Kouchaksaraei M, Younesi H. The impact of nanoparticles zero-valent iron (nZVI) and rhizosphere microorganisms on the phytoremediation ability of white willow and its response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 254:126909. [PMID: 30778927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) is a serious problem throughout the world that threatens all living organisms in the soil. Therefore, large-scale remediation is necessary. This study investigated a new combination of remediation techniques on heavy metal contaminated soil, phytoremediation, and soil amendment with nano-sized zero-valent iron (nZVI) and rhizosphere microorganisms. White willow (Salix alba L.) was grown for 160 days in pots containing Pb, Cu, and Cd and amended with 0, 150, and 300 (mg kg-1) of nZVI and rhizosphere microorganisms, including the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Rhizophagus irregularis, and the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results showed that inoculation with PGPR and AMF, particularly dual inoculation, improved plant growth as well as the physiological and biochemical parameters of white willow, and increased the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Pb, Cu, and Cd. The low dose of nZVI significantly increased the root length and the leaf area of the seedlings and increased the BCF of Cd. In contrast, the high dose of nZVI had negative effects on the seedlings growth and the BCF of Pb and Cu, about - 32% and - 63%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that nZVI at low doses can improve plant performance in a phytoremediation context and that the use of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms can minimize nZVI stress in plants and make them less susceptible to stress even under high dose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | | | - Habibollah Younesi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
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32
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Fajardo C, Costa G, Nande M, Martín C, Martín M, Sánchez-Fortún S. Heavy metals immobilization capability of two iron-based nanoparticles (nZVI and Fe 3O 4): Soil and freshwater bioassays to assess ecotoxicological impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:421-432. [PMID: 30513432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination by heavy metals constitutes an environmental problem of great importance in the last decades, and demands of society for clean environments are increasingly evident. To achieve this goal, several strategies have appeared for the in situ remediation of soil contamination caused by heavy metals. This study evaluated two types of iron-based nanoparticles, zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, for the effective immobilization of Furthermore, we conducted a set of ecotoxicological bioassays: Microtox® Test, Caenorhabditis elegans Test, and Phytoplankton Toxicity Tests, on selected soil and aquatic test organisms to both, i) evaluate the potential ecotoxicological risks associated with nanoparticles treatment, and ii) to define sensitive organisms to be used as suitable bioindicators of heavy metals pollution. The application of 5% nZVI significantly reduced the amount of bioavailable heavy metals, which was effective from an ecotoxicity point of view as a reduction of the toxicity of was observed. Among the bioassays used, C. elegans seems the most effective reference organism in detecting changes in the toxicity of and therefore, C. elegans was found to be a sensitive heavy metals pollution bioindicator. When the Combination index (CI) was obtained to determine combined heavy metals interactions, the results indicated that toxicity would be higher than that expected for Pb, Cd and Zn individually considered, due to the proved antagonistic interactions of those toxicants. The obtained results suggested that nZVI nanoparticles are susceptible to be used as a soil remediation strategy for heavy metal pollution, although a short reactive lifespan must be considered, and therefore its effectiveness in long periods remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fajardo
- Dpt. of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá University (UAH), w/n San Diego Sq., 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - G Costa
- Dpt. of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Nande
- Dpt. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Martín
- Dpt. of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 3 Complutense Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martín
- Dpt. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Sánchez-Fortún
- Dpt. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Khan MAI, Biswas B, Smith E, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Toxicity assessment of fresh and weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil- a review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:755-767. [PMID: 30179840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is widespread throughout the globe due to the massive production of TPH anthropogenically and its occurrence in the soil. TPH is toxic to beneficial soil organisms and humans and thus has become a serious concern among the public. Traditionally TPH toxicity in the soil is estimated based on chemical fractions and a range of bioassays including plants, invertebrates and microorganisms. There is a large inconsistency among ecotoxicology data using these assays due to the nature of TPH and their weathering. Therefore, in this article, we critically reviewed the weathered conditions of TPH, the potential fate in soil and the bioindicators for the assessment of the ecotoxicity. Based on the current research and the state-of-the-art problem, we also highlighted key recommendations for future research scope for the real-world solution of the ecotoxicological studies of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atikul Islam Khan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bhabananda Biswas
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Euan Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ACT Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ACT Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Moyson S, Town RM, Joosen S, Husson SJ, Blust R. The interplay between chemical speciation and physiology determines the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cu(II) and Cd(II) toCaenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:282-293. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Moyson
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 BE-2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Raewyn M. Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 BE-2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Steven Joosen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 BE-2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Steven J. Husson
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 BE-2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 BE-2020 Antwerp Belgium
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35
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García-Espiñeira M, Tejeda-Benitez L, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxicity of atrazine- and glyphosate-based formulations on Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:216-222. [PMID: 29550685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine and Glyphosate are herbicides massively used in agriculture for crop protection. Upon application, they are available to the biota in different ecosystems. The aim of this research was to evaluate the toxicity of Glyphosate and Atrazine based formulations (GBF and ABF, respectively). Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to different concentrations of each single formulation, and to the mixture. Lethality, locomotion, growth, and fertility were measured as endpoints. Effects on gene expression were monitored utilizing green fluorescence protein transgenic strains. ABF caused lethality of 12%, 15%, and 18% for 6, 60, and 600 μM, respectively, displaying a dose dependence trend. GBF produced lethality of 20%, 50%, and 100% at 0.01, 10, and 100 μM, respectively. Locomotion inhibition ranged from 21% to 89% at the lowest and maximum tested concentrations for Atrazine; whereas for Glyphosate, exposure to 10 μM inhibited 87%. Brood size was decreased by 67% and 93% after treatment to 0.06 and 6 μM Atrazine, respectively; and by 23% and 93% after exposure to 0.01 and 10 μM Glyphosate, respectively. There were no significant differences in growth. Changes in gene expression occurred in all genes, highlighting the expression of sod-1, sod-4, and gpx-4 that increased more than two-fold after exposure to 600 μM ABF and 10 μM GBF. The effects observed for the mixture of these formulations were additive for lethality, locomotion and fertility. In short, GBF, ABF, and their mixture induced several toxic responses related to oxidative stress on C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Espiñeira
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, Zaragocilla Campus. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
| | - Lesly Tejeda-Benitez
- Development and Use of Biomass Research Group, Piedra de Bolivar Campus, School of Engineering, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, Zaragocilla Campus. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
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Kim SW, Moon J, Jeong SW, An YJ. Development of a nematode offspring counting assay for rapid and simple soil toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:91-99. [PMID: 29414378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of standardized nematode toxicity assays by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO), many studies have reported their use. Given that the currently used standardized nematode toxicity assays have certain limitations, in this study, we examined the use of a novel nematode offspring counting assay for evaluating soil ecotoxicity based on a previous soil-agar isolation method used to recover live adult nematodes. In this new assay, adult Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to soil using a standardized toxicity assay procedure, and the resulting offspring in test soils attracted by a microbial food source in agar plates were counted. This method differs from previously used assays in terms of its endpoint, namely, the number of nematode offspring. The applicability of the bioassay was demonstrated using metal-spiked soils, which revealed metal concentration-dependent responses, and with 36 field soil samples characterized by different physicochemical properties and containing various metals. Principal component analysis revealed that texture fraction (clay, sand, and silt) and electrical conductivity values were the main factors influencing the nematode offspring counting assay, and these findings warrant further investigation. The nematode offspring counting assay is a rapid and simple process that can provide multi-directional toxicity assessment when used in conjunction with other standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jongmin Moon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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37
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Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A, Propyl Paraben, and Triclosan on Caenorhabditis elegans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040684. [PMID: 29621162 PMCID: PMC5923726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous plasticizer which is absorbed by ingestion and dermal contact; propyl paraben (PPB) inhibits the microbiome and extends the shelf life of many personal care products, whereas triclosan (TCS) is commonly found in antiseptics, disinfectants, or additives. In this work, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a biological model to assess the toxic effects of BPA, PPB, and TCS. The wild type strain, Bristol N2, was used in bioassays with the endpoints of lethality, growth, and reproduction; green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic strains with the hsp-3, hsp-4, hsp-16.2, hsp-70, sod-1, sod-4, cyp-35A4, cyp-29A2, and skn-1 genes were evaluated for their mRNA expression through fluorescence measurement; and quick Oil Red O (q ORO) was utilized to stain lipid deposits. Lethality was concentration-dependent, while TCS and PPB showed more toxicity than BPA. BPA augmented worm length, while PPB reduced it. All toxicants moderately increased the width and the width–length ratio. BPA and PPB promoted reproduction, in contrast to TCS, which diminished it. All toxicants affected the mRNA expression of genes related to cellular stress, control of reactive oxygen species, and nuclear receptor activation. Lipid accumulation occurred in exposed worms. In conclusion, BPA, PPB, and TCS alter the physiology of growth, lipid accumulation, and reproduction in C. elegans, most likely through oxidative stress mechanisms.
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38
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Moyson S, Vissenberg K, Fransen E, Blust R, Husson SJ. Mixture effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on mortality and behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:145-159. [PMID: 28786503 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity effects of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd), both as single metals and in combination, were examined in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Metal effects on lethality were analyzed in a time-dependent manner using different concentrations in K-medium. To investigate the effects on locomotion and chemosensation, lethal concentration at 20% (LC20) values were used. The results showed that Cu toxicity was higher compared with Cd and Zn, resulting in higher mortality rates and a more reduced locomotion. Lethality increased over time for all metals. When Cd was added to Cu, and vice versa, significant increases in toxicity were noted. Different interaction effects were observed for the mixtures ZnCd, ZnCu, CuCd, and ZnCuCd. Zinc seemed to have a neutral toxic effect on Cd, while in combination with Cu, a similar additive effect was seen as for the CuCd combination. Binary and tertiary metal mixtures caused a strong decrease in locomotion, except for the ZnCd combination, where Zn seemed to have a neutral effect. After LC2024 h exposure, reduced crawling speed (except for Zn) and reduced thrashing behavior (except for Zn and the ZnCd mixture) were observed. Almost no significant effects were observed on chemosensation. Because the same trend of mixture effects was noted in locomotion and in lethality tests, locomotion can probably be considered a sensitive endpoint for metal toxicities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:145-159. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Moyson
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Food & Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Crete-Technological Educational Institute, Stavromenos, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven J Husson
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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39
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Bielská L, Kah M, Sigmund G, Hofmann T, Höss S. Bioavailability and toxicity of pyrene in soils upon biochar and compost addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:132-140. [PMID: 28384569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study investigates the role of biochar and/or compost in mitigating the toxic effects of pyrene in soils using reproduction of nematodes and porewater concentration as measures of pyrene toxicity and bioavailability, respectively. Two soils were spiked with increasing levels of pyrene to achieve a concentration-response relationship for the reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. The observed EC50 values (pyrene concentration causing 50% inhibition of reproduction) were 14mg/kg and 31mg/kg (dry mass) for these soils, corresponding to equilibrium porewater concentrations of 37μg/L and 47μg/L, respectively. Differences in organic carbon content were not sufficient to explain the variability in toxicity between the different soils. Soils causing a significant inhibition of reproduction were further amended with 10%-compost, 5%-biochar, or both, and the effects on reproduction and porewater concentration determined. Combined addition of compost and biochar was identified as the most effective strategy in reducing pyrene concentration in soil porewater, which was also partly reflected in soil toxicity. However, porewater concentrations predicted only 52% of pyrene toxicity to nematodes, pointing to particle-bound or dietary exposure pathways. Capsule: Amending pyrene-spiked soil with biochar and compost effectively reduced pyrene porewater concentrations and toxicity to nematodes, which were significantly related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bielská
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Melanie Kah
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Institute of Biodiversity - Network, Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059 Regensburg, Germany; Ecossa, Giselastr. 6, 82319 Starnberg, Germany.
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40
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Jacques MT, Oliveira JL, Campos EVR, Fraceto LF, Ávila DS. Safety assessment of nanopesticides using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:245-253. [PMID: 28160702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Three nanoparticle formulations were analyzed: solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat. All formulations, loaded or not with pesticides, increased lethality in a dose- dependent manner with similar LC50. Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. Notably, our results indicate that the observed effects were caused by the nanoparticles per se. These results suggest that the development of nanoparticles aiming agriculture applications needs more studies in order to optimize the composition and then reduce their toxicity to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio T Jacques
- Federal University of Pampa- UNIPAMPA- Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jhones L Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Estefânia V R Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil; State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fraceto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil; State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Federal University of Pampa- UNIPAMPA- Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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41
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Kim Y, Kim Y, Choi J, Kang T, Choi I. Determination of nanomolar levels of reactive oxygen species in microorganisms and aquatic environments using a single nanoparticle-based optical sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 967:85-92. [PMID: 28390490 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strong oxidants, and have attracted considerable attention in both biological and environmental fields. Although various methods for ROS detection, including optical and electrochemical techniques, have been developed, they still face challenging issues in terms of poor sensitivity, reproducibility, stability, and in vivo applicability. Here, we present a sensitive and selective optical sensor for ROS detection, based on single plasmonic nanoprobes and redox-active cytochrome c (Cyt c)-mediated plasmon resonance energy transfer. By measuring the spectral changes of plasmonic nanoprobes, derived from the unique molecular absorption of Cyt c in accordance with the redox state, calibration curves for H2O2, a representative ROS, in various media were obtained over a wide concentration range from 100 mM to 1 nM. Limit of detection and limit of quantification in accordance with the used medium were determined from 8.3 to 12.8 nM and from 27.6 to 42.7 nM, respectively. Selectivity coefficients for major interfering solutes were much lower than 0.1 indicating a good selectivity for ROS. From the dynamic spectral changes, we sensitively monitored ROS generated in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) exposed to graphene oxide. Based on the calibration curves, we also determined ROS levels in various aquatic environments, such as river streams and a small pond, as a way of environmental monitoring. We believe that our approach could provide an avenue for achieving dynamic and sensitive monitoring of ROS in toxicological, biological, and environmental fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
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Ockleford C, Adriaanse P, Berny P, Brock T, Duquesne S, Grilli S, Hernandez-Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Klein M, Kuhl T, Laskowski R, Machera K, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Stemmer M, Sundh I, Teodorovic I, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Wolterink G, Craig P, de Jong F, Manachini B, Sousa P, Swarowsky K, Auteri D, Arena M, Rob S. Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04690. [PMID: 32625401 PMCID: PMC7009882 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science behind the risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into account new regulatory frameworks and scientific developments. Proposals are made for specific protection goals for in-soil organisms being key drivers for relevant ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as nutrient cycling, soil structure, pest control and biodiversity. Considering the time-scales and biological processes related to the dispersal of the majority of in-soil organisms compared to terrestrial non-target arthropods living above soil, the Panel proposes that in-soil environmental risk assessments are made at in- and off-field scale considering field boundary levels. A new testing strategy which takes into account the relevant exposure routes for in-soil organisms and the potential direct and indirect effects is proposed. In order to address species recovery and long-term impacts of PPPs, the use of population models is also proposed.
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Haegerbaeumer A, Höss S, Ristau K, Claus E, Möhlenkamp C, Heininger P, Traunspurger W. A comparative approach using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2987-2997. [PMID: 27155316 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soft sediments are often hotspots of chemical contamination, and a thorough ecotoxicological assessment of this habitat can help to identify the causes of stress and to improve the health of the respective ecosystems. As an important component of the ecologically relevant meiobenthic fauna, nematodes can be used for sediment assessments, with various assay tools ranging from single-species toxicity tests to field studies. In the present study, microcosms containing sediment were used to investigate direct and indirect effects of zinc on natural nematode assemblages, and acute community toxicity tests considering only direct toxicity were conducted. The responses of the various freshwater nematode species in both approaches were compared with those of Caenorhabditis elegans, determined in standardized tests (ISO 10872). At a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 20 mg Zn/L, C. elegans represented the median susceptibility of 15 examined nematode species examined in the acute community toxicity tests. In the microcosms, Zn affected the nematodes dose-dependently, with changes in species composition first detected at 13 mg Zn/kg to 19 mg Zn/kg sediment dry weight. The observed species sensitivities in the microcosms corresponded better to field observations than to the results of the acute community toxicity tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2987-2997. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Haegerbaeumer
- Department of Animal Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Ecological Sediment and Soil Assessment, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Kai Ristau
- Department of Animal Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Evelyn Claus
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
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Xu W, Jiang Z, Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Su H, Gao X, Ye Z. Acute toxicity assessment of explosive-contaminated soil extracting solution by luminescent bacteria assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22803-22809. [PMID: 27566156 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Explosive-contaminated soil is harmful to people's health and the local ecosystem. The acute toxicity of its extracting solution was tested by bacterial luminescence assay using three kinds of luminescent bacteria to characterize the toxicity of the soil. An orthogonal test L 16 (45) was designed to optimize the soil extracting conditions. The optimum extracting conditions were obtained when the ultrasonic extraction time, ultrasonic extraction temperature, and the extraction repeat times were 6 h, 40 °C, and three, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the main components of the contaminated soil's extracting solution were 2,4-dinitrotoluene-3-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-3-SO3-); 2,4-dinitrotoluene-5-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-5-SO3-); and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT). Compared with Photobacterium phosphoreum and Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Nov. is more suitable for assessing the soil extracting solution's acute toxicity. Soil washing can remove most of the contaminants toxic to luminescent bacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Nov., suggesting that it may be a potential effective remediation method for explosive-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenming Jiang
- Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Gansu, 730090, China
| | - Quanlin Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Gansu, 730090, China
| | - Hongping Su
- Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Gansu, 730090, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Gansu, 730090, China
| | - Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Tejeda-Benitez L, Olivero-Verbel J. Caenorhabditis elegans, a Biological Model for Research in Toxicology. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 237:1-35. [PMID: 26613986 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a nematode of microscopic size which, due to its biological characteristics, has been used since the 1970s as a model for research in molecular biology, medicine, pharmacology, and toxicology. It was the first animal whose genome was completely sequenced and has played a key role in the understanding of apoptosis and RNA interference. The transparency of its body, short lifespan, ability to self-fertilize and ease of culture are advantages that make it ideal as a model in toxicology. Due to the fact that some of its biochemical pathways are similar to those of humans, it has been employed in research in several fields. C. elegans' use as a biological model in environmental toxicological assessments allows the determination of multiple endpoints. Some of these utilize the effects on the biological functions of the nematode and others use molecular markers. Endpoints such as lethality, growth, reproduction, and locomotion are the most studied, and usually employ the wild type Bristol N2 strain. Other endpoints use reporter genes, such as green fluorescence protein, driven by regulatory sequences from other genes related to different mechanisms of toxicity, such as heat shock, oxidative stress, CYP system, and metallothioneins among others, allowing the study of gene expression in a manner both rapid and easy. These transgenic strains of C. elegans represent a powerful tool to assess toxicity pathways for mixtures and environmental samples, and their numbers are growing in diversity and selectivity. However, other molecular biology techniques, including DNA microarrays and MicroRNAs have been explored to assess the effects of different toxicants and samples. C. elegans has allowed the assessment of neurotoxic effects for heavy metals and pesticides, among those more frequently studied, as the nematode has a very well defined nervous system. More recently, nanoparticles are emergent pollutants whose toxicity can be explored using this nematode. Overall, almost every type of known toxicant has been tested with this animal model. In the near future, the available knowledge on the life cycle of C. elegans should allow more studies on reproduction and transgenerational toxicity for newly developed chemicals and materials, facilitating their introduction in the market. The great diversity of endpoints and possibilities of this animal makes it an easy first-choice for rapid toxicity screening or to detail signaling pathways involved in mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Tejeda-Benitez
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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Höss S, Fritzsche A, Meyer C, Bosch J, Meckenstock RU, Totsche KU. Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:544-552. [PMID: 25438192 DOI: 10.1021/es503559n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. Size and composition could affect the bioavailability and toxicity of such colloids. Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ferrihydrite colloids containing citrate were taken up by C. elegans with the food and accumulated inside their body. The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. FeOx associated with humic acids or citrate were less toxic than OM-free FeOx. In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Höss
- Institute for Biodiversity-Network (IBN) , Nussbergerstr. 6a, 93059 Regensburg, Germany
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Buisset-Goussen A, Goussen B, Della-Vedova C, Galas S, Adam-Guillermin C, Lecomte-Pradines C. Effects of chronic gamma irradiation: a multigenerational study using Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 137:190-197. [PMID: 25102824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic exposure to (137)Cs gamma radiation (dose rate ranging from 6.6 to 42.7 mGy h(-1)) on growth and reproductive ability were carried out over three generations of Caenorhabditis elegans (F0, F1, and F2). Exposure began at the egg stage for the first generation and was stopped at the end of laying of third-generation eggs (F2). At the same time, the two subsequent generations from parental exposure were returned to the control conditions (F1' and F2'). There was no radiation-induced significant effect on growth, hatchability, and cumulative number of larvae within generations. Moreover, no significant differences were found in growth parameters (hatching length, maximal length, and a constant related to growth rate) among the generations. However, a decrease in the cumulative number of larvae across exposed generations was observed between F0 and F2 at the highest dose rate (238.8 ± 15.4 and 171.2 ± 13.1 number of larvae per individual, respectively). Besides, the F1' generation was found to lay significantly fewer eggs than the F1 generation for tested dose rates 6.6, 8.1, 19.4, and 28.1 mGy h(-1). Our results confirmed that reproduction (here, cumulative number of larvae) is the most sensitive endpoint affected by chronic exposure to ionizing radiation. The results obtained revealed transgenerational effects from parental exposure in the second generation, and the second non-exposed generation was indeed more affected than the second exposed generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Buisset-Goussen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France.
| | - Benoit Goussen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France; Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), BP2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | | | - Simon Galas
- Université Montpellier1, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France
| | - Catherine Lecomte-Pradines
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France
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48
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Kumpiene J, Bert V, Dimitriou I, Eriksson J, Friesl-Hanl W, Galazka R, Herzig R, Janssen J, Kidd P, Mench M, Müller I, Neu S, Oustriere N, Puschenreiter M, Renella G, Roumier PH, Siebielec G, Vangronsveld J, Manier N. Selecting chemical and ecotoxicological test batteries for risk assessment of trace element-contaminated soils (phyto)managed by gentle remediation options (GRO). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:510-522. [PMID: 25108253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades a number of field trials with gentle remediation options (GRO) have been established on trace element (TE) contaminated sites throughout Europe. Each research group selects different methods to assess the remediation success making it difficult to compare efficacy between various sites and treatments. This study aimed at selecting a minimum risk assessment battery combining chemical and ecotoxicological assays for assessing and comparing the effectiveness of GRO implemented in seven European case studies. Two test batteries were pre-selected; a chemical one for quantifying TE exposure in untreated soils and GRO-managed soils and a biological one for characterizing soil functionality and ecotoxicity. Soil samples from field studies representing one of the main GROs (phytoextraction in Belgium, Sweden, Germany and Switzerland, aided phytoextraction in France, and aided phytostabilization or in situ stabilization/phytoexclusion in Poland, France and Austria) were collected and assessed using the selected test batteries. The best correlations were obtained between NH4NO3-extractable, followed by NaNO3-extractable TE and the ecotoxicological responses. Biometrical parameters and biomarkers of dwarf beans were the most responsive indicators for the soil treatments and changes in soil TE exposures. Plant growth was inhibited at the higher extractable TE concentrations, while plant stress enzyme activities increased with the higher TE extractability. Based on these results, a minimum risk assessment battery to compare/biomonitor the sites phytomanaged by GROs might consist of the NH4NO3 extraction and the bean Plantox test including the stress enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Kumpiene
- Luleå University of Technology, Waste Science & Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Valérie Bert
- INERIS, Technologies and Sustainable and Clean Processes, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Eriksson
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Health and Environment Department, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rafal Galazka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Rolf Herzig
- Phytotech Foundation and AGB, Quartiergasse 12, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jolien Janssen
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Michel Mench
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ingo Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Silke Neu
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Nadège Oustriere
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna - BOKU, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- University of Florence, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, P.le delle Cascine 28, I-50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre-Hervé Roumier
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Grzegorz Siebielec
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Expertise and Assays in Ecotoxicology, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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49
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Saccà ML, Fajardo C, Costa G, Lobo C, Nande M, Martin M. Integrating classical and molecular approaches to evaluate the impact of nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) on soil organisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:184-9. [PMID: 24287264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a new option for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater, but the effect of nZVI on soil biota is mostly unknown. In this work, nanotoxicological studies were performed in vitro and in two different standard soils to assess the effect of nZVI on autochthonous soil organisms by integrating classical and molecular analysis. Standardised ecotoxicity testing methods using Caenorhabditis elegans were applied in vitro and in soil experiments and changes in microbial biodiversity and biomarker gene expression were used to assess the responses of the microbial community to nZVI. The classical tests conducted in soil ruled out a toxic impact of nZVI on the soil nematode C. elegans in the test soils. The molecular analysis applied to soil microorganisms, however, revealed significant changes in the expression of the proposed biomarkers of exposure. These changes were related not only to the nZVI treatment but also to the soil characteristics, highlighting the importance of considering the soil matrix on a case by case basis. Furthermore, due to the temporal shift between transcriptional responses and the development of the corresponding phenotype, the molecular approach could anticipate adverse effects on environmental biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ludovica Saccà
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fajardo
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Costa
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lobo
- Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca "El Encín" Km 38, 2 A-II Apdo 127, 28800 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Nande
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Martin
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Fajardo C, Saccà ML, Costa G, Nande M, Martin M. Impact of Ag and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on soil organisms: in vitro and soil experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 473-474:254-61. [PMID: 24374587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro analyses were conducted to assess the impact of Al2O3 and Ag nanoparticles on two common soil bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Al2O3 nanoparticles did not show significant toxicity at any dose or time assayed, whereas exposure to 5 mg L(-1) Ag nanoparticles for 48 h caused bactericidal effects. Moreover, alterations at the morphological level were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Ag but not Al2O3 nanoparticles evoked the entrance of B. cereus cells in an early sporulation stage and both nanoparticles penetrated P. stutzeri cells. At the molecular level, a dramatic increase (8.2-fold) in katB gene expression was found in P. stutzeri following Al2O3 nanoparticles exposure, indicative of an oxidative stress-defence system enhancement in this bacterium. In the microcosm experiment, using two different natural soils, Al2O3 or Ag nanoparticles did not affect the Caenorhabditis elegans toxicity endpoints growth, survival, or reproduction. However, differences in microbial phylogenetic compositions were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The use of katB- and pykA-based sequences showed that the microbial transcriptional response to nanoparticle exposure decreased, suggesting a decrease in cellular activity. These changes were attributable to both the nanoparticles treatment and soil characteristics, highlighting the importance of considering the soil matrix on a case by case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fajardo
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M L Saccà
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Costa
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Nande
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Martin
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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