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Jin D, Huang NN, Wei JX. Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin: insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201404. [PMID: 37383714 PMCID: PMC10293652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural compound derived from Mylabris, is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for its potent anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is restricted due to its high toxicity, particularly towards the liver. This review provides a concise understanding of the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and highlights novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate its toxicity while enhancing its anticancer efficacy. We systematically explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CTD-induced hepatotoxicity, focusing on the involvement of apoptotic and autophagic processes in hepatocyte injury. We further discuss the endogenous and exogenous pathways implicated in CTD-induced liver damage and potential therapeutic targets. This review also summarizes the structural modifications of CTD derivatives and their impact on anticancer activity. Additionally, we delve into the advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that hold promise in overcoming the limitations of CTD derivatives. By offering valuable insights into the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and outlining potential avenues for future research, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop safer and more effective CTD-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na-Na Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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2
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Ma L, Sun X, Ji W, Zhang B, Li J, Fu W, Zhang X, Qian W, Sheng E, Zhu D. Supramolecular self-assembled AIE molecules are used in the search for target proteins in norcantharidin. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340642. [PMID: 36628744 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Norcantharidin (NCTD), a demethylated derivative of cantharidin, is an anticancer active component in traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the main methods for finding its target proteins are pharmacological methods and biophysical screening, which cannot achieve the purpose of efficient and accurate screening. Here we established a new analytical method for specific fishing and assisted imaging for norcantharidin target proteins. For the AIE supramolecule probe, the benzophenone azide (BPA) fluorescent nanoparticles with strong AIE properties were encapsulated in biocompatible DSPE-PEG that covalently coupled with NCTD (named BPA@NCTD NPs). The target proteins of NCTD can be captured by BPA@NCTD NPs, and then be detected to investigate the potential signaling pathways. The screened differential proteins were analysed through the protein and signaling pathway database, and multiple signaling pathways were obtained and verified. The mechanism of norcantharidin in inhibiting the migration and invasion of A549 cells through the P53 signaling pathway was confirmed by Western blot experiments. Our research showed that AIE supramolecule probe BPA@NCTD NPs has the dual functions of specific screening of A549 cells target proteins and biological imaging, which not only offers a good anti-fluorescence quenching ability for the dynamic imaging process of NCTD, but also provides a novel and efficient specific method for efficient analysis of target proteins and signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Enze Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
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Calvo-Martín G, Plano D, Martínez-Sáez N, Aydillo C, Moreno E, Espuelas S, Sanmartín C. Norbornene and Related Structures as Scaffolds in the Search for New Cancer Treatments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121465. [PMID: 36558915 PMCID: PMC9780886 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The norbornene scaffold has arisen as a promising structure in medicinal chemistry due to its possible therapeutic application in cancer treatment. The development of norbornene-based derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents is attracting significant attention. Here, we report an unprecedented review on the recent advances of investigations into the antitumoral efficacy of different compounds, including the abovementioned bicyclic scaffold in their structure, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or forming metal complexes. The impact that structural modifications to these bicyclic compounds have on the antitumoral properties and the mechanisms by which these norbornene derivatives act are discussed in this review. In addition, the use of norbornene, and its related compounds, encapsulation in nanosystems for its use in cancer therapies is here detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Calvo-Martín
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-948425600 (ext. 806358) (D.P.); +34-948425600 (ext. 803183) (C.A.)
| | - Nuria Martínez-Sáez
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Aydillo
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-948425600 (ext. 806358) (D.P.); +34-948425600 (ext. 803183) (C.A.)
| | - Esther Moreno
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Strategies for Solubility and Bioavailability Enhancement and Toxicity Reduction of Norcantharidin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227740. [PMID: 36431851 PMCID: PMC9693198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is the main active ingredient isolated from Mylabris, and norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated derivative of CTD, which has similar antitumor activity to CTD and lower toxicity than CTD. However, the clinical use of NCTD is limited due to its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and toxic effects on normal cells. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have explored a number of strategies, such as chemical structural modifications, microsphere dispersion systems, and nanodrug delivery systems. This review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of NCTD and novel strategies to improve the solubility and bioavailability of NCTD as well as reduce the toxicity. This review can provide evidence for further research of NCTD.
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Naz S, Shah FA, Nadeem H, Sarwar S, Tan Z, Imran M, Ali T, Li JB, Li S. Amino Acid Conjugates of Aminothiazole and Aminopyridine as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and in vitro Evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1459-1476. [PMID: 33833504 PMCID: PMC8021256 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s297013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of resistance to available anticancer drugs is increasingly becoming a major challenge and new chemical entities could be unveiled to compensate this therapeutic failure. The current study demonstrated the synthesis of 2-aminothiazole [S3(a-d) and S5(a-d)] and 2-aminopyridine [S4(a-d) and S6(a-d)] derivatives that can target multiple cellular networks implicated in cancer development. METHODS Biological assays were performed to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of synthesized compounds. Redox imbalance and oxidative stress are hallmarks of cancer, therefore, synthesized compounds were preliminarily screened for their antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, and further five derivatives S3b, S3c, S4c, S5b, and S6c, with significant antioxidant potential, were selected for investigation of in vitro anticancer potential. The cytotoxic activities were evaluated against the parent (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780CISR) ovarian cancer cell lines. Further, Molecular docking studies of active compounds were performed to determine binding affinities. RESULTS Results revealed that S3c, S5b, and S6c displayed promising inhibition in cisplatin-resistant cell lines in comparison to parent cells in terms of both resistance factor (RF) and IC50 values. Moreover, S3c proved to be most active compound in both parent and resistant cell lines with IC50 values 15.57 µM and 11.52 µM respectively. Our docking studies demonstrated that compounds S3c, S5b, and S6c exhibited significant binding affinity with multiple protein targets of the signaling cascade. CONCLUSION Anticancer activities of compounds S3c, S5b, and S6c in cisplatin-resistant cell lines suggested that these ligands may contribute as lead compounds for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Naz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sarwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zhen Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bo Li
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Zhou M, Fan W, Yang M, Yang L. Combination of Sodium Cantharidinate with Cisplatin Synergistically Hampers Growth of Cervical Cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:171-183. [PMID: 33469269 PMCID: PMC7812528 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s282777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Sodium cantharidinate (SC) has been broadly applied in lung cancer treatment in China, while its specific function in cervical cancer (CC), a great contributor to death of female reproductive system cancers, remains unclear. Our research evaluated the anti-tumor effects of SC in CC and the mechanism involved. Methods First, cisplatin (DDP)-resistant Caski-1 and ME180 cell lines were developed and treated with SC. The effects of SC on CC cell growth were then evaluated. Subsequently, the genes targeted by SC were predicted via the bioinformatics website. The correlations between PTPN1 expression and tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation were examined. We further conducted rescue experiments by overexpressing PTPN1 in CC cells, followed by SC and cisplatin treatments. The activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in CC cells, and the effect of SC on the growth and drug resistance of Caski-1 cells in vivo were investigated. Results The sensitivity of Caski-1 and ME180 cells to DDP was increased after SC treatment, which also enhanced the inhibitory effect of DDP on the cell growth. By prediction, we found that SC could target PTPN1. Patients with high expression of PTPN1 had higher clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and lower tumor differentiation. SC inhibited PTPN1 expression. Overexpression of PTPN1 attenuated the effect of SC. Furthermore, PTPN1 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, SC treatment inhibited the growth and drug resistance of Caski-1 cells in vivo. Conclusion SC promotes drug sensitivity of CC cells to DDP by targeting PTPN1, thereby impairing the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxun Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
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Antitumor potential of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin, and selected derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116012. [PMID: 33454654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin is a potent natural protein phosphatase monoterpene anhydride inhibitor secreted by several species of blister beetle, with its demethylated anhydride analogue, (S)-palasonin, occurring as a constituent of the higher plant Butea frondosa. Cantharidin shows both potent protein phosphatase inhibitory and cancer cell cytotoxic activities, but possible preclinical development of this anhydride has been limited thus far by its toxicity. Thus, several synthetic derivatives of cantharidin have been prepared, of which some compounds exhibit improved antitumor potential and may have use as lead compounds. In the present review, the potential antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, and development of cantharidin-based anticancer drug conjugates are summarized, with protein phosphatase-related and other types of mechanisms of action discussed. Protein phosphatases play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, and thus described herein is also the potential for developing new tumor microenvironment-targeted cancer chemotherapeutic agents, based on cantharidin and its naturally occurring analogues and synthetic derivatives.
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Abdelazeem AH, Alqahtani AM, Omar HA, Bukhari SNA, Gouda AM. Synthesis, biological evaluation and kinase profiling of novel S-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole derivatives as cytotoxic agents with apoptosis-inducing activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li YD, Mao Y, Dong XD, Lei ZN, Yang Y, Lin L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Fan YF, Chen ZS. Methyl-Cantharidimide (MCA) Has Anticancer Efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-Overexpressing and Cisplatin Resistant Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:932. [PMID: 32676451 PMCID: PMC7333678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the efficacy of methyl-cantharidimide (MCA), a cantharidin (CTD) analog, as an anticancer drug, in cancer cells overexpressing either ABCB1 or ABCG2 transporters and in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The results indicated that: (i) MCA was efficacious in the ABCB1-overexpressing cell line, KB-C2, and the ABCB1-gene-transfected cell line, HEK293/ABCB1 (IC50 from 6.37 to 8.44 mM); (ii) MCA was also efficacious in the ABCG2-overexpressing cell line, NCI-H460/MX20, and the ABCG2-gene-transfected cell lines, HEK293/ABCG2-482-R2, HEK293/ABCG2-482-G2, and the HEK293/ABCG2-482-T7 cell lines (IC50 from 6.37 to 9.70 mM); (iii) MCA was efficacious in the cisplatin resistant cancer cell lines, KCP-4 and BEL-7404/CP20 (IC50 values from 7.05 to 8.16 mM); (iv) MCA (up to 16 mM) induced apoptosis in both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells; (v) MCA arrested both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle; (vi) MCA (8 mM) upregulated the expression level of the protein, unc-5 netrin receptor B (UNC5B) in HepG2 and BEL-7404 cancer cells. Overall, our results indicated that MCA's efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing and cisplatin resistant cancer cells is due to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing-Duo Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ying-Fang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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Pan MS, Cao J, Fan YZ. Insight into norcantharidin, a small-molecule synthetic compound with potential multi-target anticancer activities. Chin Med 2020; 15:55. [PMID: 32514288 PMCID: PMC7260769 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated derivative of cantharidin, which is an anticancer active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, and is currently used clinically as a routine anti-cancer drug in China. Clarifying the anticancer effect and molecular mechanism of NCTD is critical for its clinical application. Here, we summarized the physiological, chemical, pharmacokinetic characteristics and clinical applications of NCTD. Besides, we mainly focus on its potential multi-target anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms, and discuss the problems existing in clinical application and scientific research of NCTD, so as to provide a potential anticancer therapeutic agent for human malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Su Pan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Zu Fan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 People’s Republic of China
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Thiazole-containing compounds as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112016. [PMID: 31926469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, considerable progress has been made in anticancer agents development, and several new anticancer agents of natural and synthetic origin have been produced. Among heterocyclic compounds, thiazole, a 5-membered unique heterocyclic motif containing sulphur and nitrogen atoms, serves as an essential core scaffold in several medicinally important compounds. Thiazole nucleus is a fundamental part of some clinically applied anticancer drugs, such as dasatinib, dabrafenib, ixabepilone, patellamide A, and epothilone. Recently, thiazole-containing compounds have been successfully developed as possible inhibitors of several biological targets, including enzyme-linked receptor(s) located on the cell membrane, (i.e., polymerase inhibitors) and the cell cycle (i.e., microtubular inhibitors). Moreover, these compounds have been proven to exhibit high effectiveness, potent anticancer activity, and less toxicity. This review presents current research on thiazoles and elucidates their biological importance in anticancer drug discovery. The findings may aid researchers in the rational design of more potent and bio-target specific anticancer drug molecules.
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Huang X, Xie W, Yu X, Fan C, Wang J, Cao Y, Li J. Methyl-Cantharidimide Inhibits Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Promoting Apoptosis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1234. [PMID: 31803617 PMCID: PMC6873211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-Cantharidimide (MCA) is a derivative of cantharidin which has potential anticancer activity. This study investigates the effect of MCA on the growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Human HCC HepG2 and Hep3B2.1-7 cells, and normal hepatocytes (L02) were treated with a series of concentrations of MCA. The inhibition ability of these cells was examined by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were determined using Flow Cytometry. The effect of MCA on cell migration and invasion was evaluated through scratch wound healing and transwell migration assays. Furthermore, Western blot was used to evaluate biomarkers associated with cell cycle and apoptosis. It was found that: (i) MCA inhibited cell proliferation in HCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, especially in HepG2 cells; (ii) MCA arrested HCC cells in G-1 phase cell cycle; (iii) MCA induced HCC cells apoptosis; (iv) MCA inhibited the migration ability of HCC cells; and (v) MCA treatment significantly increased cleaved-caspase3 and decreased NF-κB protein in HCC cells. These results suggest that MCA has cytotoxic effect on HCC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. MCA could be developed as an previous anticancer drug for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhong Huang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Wen Xie
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Yu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Fan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Autophagy Suppression Accelerates Apoptosis Induced by Norcantharidin in Cholangiocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1697-1707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Philoppes JN, Lamie PF. Design and synthesis of new benzoxazole/benzothiazole-phthalimide hybrids as antitumor-apoptotic agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Sheng J, Zou X, Cheng Z, Xiang Y, Yang W, Lin Y, Cui R. Recent Advances in Herbal Medicines for Digestive System Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30524272 PMCID: PMC6256117 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines, as an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have been used to treat digestive system malignancies (DSM) for many years, and have gradually gained recognition worldwide. The role of herbal medicines in the comprehensive treatment of DSM is being improved from adjuvant treatment of the autologous immune function in cancer patients, to the treatment of both the symptoms and disease, direct inhibition of tumor cell growth and proliferation, and induction of tumor cell autophagy and apoptosis. Their specific mechanisms in these treatments are also being explored. The paper reviews the current anti-tumor mechanisms of TCM, including single herbal medicines, Chinese herbal formulations, Chinese medicine preparations and TCM extract, and their application in the comprehensive treatment of digestive system tumors, providing a reference for clinical application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Sheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziqian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yien Xiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Feng IC, Hsieh MJ, Chen PN, Hsieh YH, Ho HY, Yang SF, Yeh CB. Cantharidic acid induces apoptosis through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:261-268. [PMID: 29159945 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin analogs exhibit anticancer activities, including apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cantharidic acid (CA), a cantharidin analog, on apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are unclear. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities of CA by investigating its ability to trigger apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells. Our data demonstrated that CA effectively inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CA effectively triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting revealed that CA significantly activated proapoptotic signaling including caspase-3, -8, and -9 in SK-Hep-1 cells. Moreover, treatment of SK-Hep-1 cells with CA induced the activation of ERK, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Moreover, the inhibition of p38 by specific inhibitors abolished CA-induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicated that CA induces apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells through a p38-mediated apoptotic pathway and could be a new HCC therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Che Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Tao R, Sun WY, Yu DH, Qiu W, Yan WQ, Ding YH, Wang GY, Li HJ. Sodium cantharidinate induces HepG2 cell apoptosis through LC3 autophagy pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Tao R, Wang ZF, Qiu W, He YF, Yan WQ, Sun WY, Li HJ. Role of S100A3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and the anticancer effect of sodium cantharidinate. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2812-2818. [PMID: 28588665 PMCID: PMC5450779 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth most common cancer worldwide is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has an annual mortality rate of ~800,000. Although surgical procedures for HCC, such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, have progressed and the outcomes of patients have improved, HCC is still characterized by frequent recurrence, even after liver transplantation. In the present study the expression of the protein coding gene, S100 calcium binding protein A3 (S100A3), was observed in 62 HCC tissues and tumor-surrounding tissues. The present study indicated that S100A3 activation was involved in tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. The protein and mRNA expression levels of S100A3 in the human HCC cell line (HepG2) were investigated using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. The function of sodium cantharidinate in inducing HCC cell apoptosis was also investigated. Sodium cantharidinate inhibited the protein and gene expression of S100A3 in HepG2 cells in vitro. These data suggested that S100A3 has an important role in human HCC. The present study indicates that the functional properties of sodium cantharidinate are promising for the development of a novel drug that may control the expression of S100A3 and improve the treatment of human HCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fang He
- Institute of Phytochemistry, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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19
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Conjugates of podophyllotoxin and norcantharidin as dual inhibitors of topoisomeraseⅡ and protein phosphatase 2A. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:568-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Xiong X, Wu M, Zhang H, Li J, Lu B, Guo Y, Zhou T, Guo H, Peng R, Li X, Tian Q, Wang Y. Atg5 siRNA inhibits autophagy and enhances norcantharidin-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1321-8. [PMID: 26240015 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin is a terpenoid isolated from Chinese blister beetles, and norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated analog of cantharidin. It has been reported that cantharidin and norcantharidin have anticancer activities. Growing evidence suggests that inhibiting autophagy can induce apoptosis in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The objective of the present study was to determine whether inhibition of autophagy enhances NCTD-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were cultured in DMEM containing NCTD. Autophagy was upregulated in the presence of HBSS media supplemented with Ca2+ and Mg2+ and 10 mM HEPES and downregulated in the presence of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Atg5 siRNA. Autophagy, cell viability, and the expression of apoptotic proteins were assessed in HepG2 cells. Our data showed that cell apoptosis generally increased after norcantharidin treatment in HepG2 cells. Expression of LC3-II, an autophagosome marker, increased when cells were treated with HBSS media. It also increased cell viability. However, in the presence of 3-MA and Atg5 siRNA, autophagy was inhibited, LC3-II expression decreased and cell apoptosis increased. There was increased expression of Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP and the mitochondrial membrane potential was disrupted. Additionally, increased apoptosis was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NCTD has anticancer activity, and Atg5 siRNA-mediated downregulation of autophagy enhanced its anticancer actions due to ROS generation and activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Xiong
- Department Of Gastroenterology 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- Department Of Gastroenterology 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department Of Gastroenterology 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), The Tumor Research Institute of the Southeast University (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department Of Gastroenterology 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Yonggao Guo
- Department Of Gastroenterology 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department Of Gastroenterology 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Oncological Surgery 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), The Tumor Research Institute of the Southeast University (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhong Tian
- Department of Oncological Surgery 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), The Tumor Research Institute of the Southeast University (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), The Tumor Research Institute of the Southeast University (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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21
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Tian X, Zeng G, Li X, Wu Z, Wang L. Cantharidin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma through suppression of miR-214 and regulation of p53 and Bcl-2/Bax. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3061-8. [PMID: 25962755 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin, a type of terpenoid, is a chemical compount secreted by the blister beetle or Mylabris phelarata pallas of the Meloidae family. Cantharidin is known to have good antitumor activity. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of cantharidin and its possible underlying mechanism using tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) TCA8113 cells. TCA8113 cells were treated with various concentrations of cantharidin, and the cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using MTT and LDH assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was conducted to examine cell apoptosis and colorimetric protease assay was performed to analyze caspase-9/3 activities in TCA8113 cells. qPCR and western blot analysis were used to investigate microRNA-214 (miR-214) expression, as well as the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in TCA8113 cells. miR-214 and anti-miR-214 were transfected with mimics to examine whether miR-214 expression regulated the anticancer effect of cantharidin on TCA8113 cells and p53, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. The anticancer effect of cantharidin significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cytotoxicity of TSCC Tca8113 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, cantharidin induced cell apoptosis and activated caspase-9/3 activities of TSCC Tca8113 cells. Cantharidin markedly weakened miR-214 expression level, activated p53 protein expression, and suppressed the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway in Tca8113 cells. Downregulation of miR-214 increased p53 protein expression and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway of TSCC Tca8113 cells. However, the overexpression of miR-214 reduced the anticancer effect of cantharidin on the proliferation and apoptosis of TSCC Tca8113 cells, inhibited p53 protein expression, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. The results suggested that cantharidin is a potential anticancer drug that can be used to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of human TSCC Tca8113 cells. Additionally, its mechanism may partially be associated with the downregulation of miR-214, upregulation of p53 protein expression and suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Hospital of Chongming Air Force Field, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Zizhong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The 88th Hospital of PLA, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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22
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Hsia TC, Yu CC, Hsu SC, Tang NY, Lu HF, Yu CS, Wu SH, Lin JG, Chung JG. cDNA microarray analysis of the effect of cantharidin on DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis-associated gene expression in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1030-42. [PMID: 25815777 PMCID: PMC4438957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) induces cytotoxic effects in different types of human cancer cell; however, to date, there have been no studies on the effects of CTD on gene expression in human lung cancer cells and the potential associated signaling pathways. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate how CTD affects the expression of key genes and functional pathways of human H460 lung cancer cells using complementary DNA microarray analysis. Human H460 lung cancer cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of 10 µM CTD; gene expression was then examined using microarray analysis. The results indicated that 8 genes were upregulated > 4-fold, 29 genes were upregulated >3-4-fold and 156 genes were upregulated >2-3-fold. In addition, 1 gene was downregulated >4 fold, 14 genes were downregulated >3-4-fold and 150 genes were downregulated >2-3 fold in H460 cells following exposure to CTD. It was found that CTD affected DNA damage genes, including DNIT3 and GADD45A, which were upregulated 2.26- and 2.60-fold, respectively, as well as DdiT4, which was downregulated 3.14-fold. In addition, the expression of genes associated with the cell cycle progression were altered, including CCND2, CDKL3 and RASA4, which were upregulated 2.72-, 2.19- and 2.72-fold, respectively; however, CDC42EP3 was downregulated 2.16-fold. Furthermore, apoptosis-associated genes were differentially expressed, including CARD6, which was upregulated 3.54-fold. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CTD affected the expression of genes associated with DNA damage, cell cycle progression and apoptotic cell death in human lung cancer H460 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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23
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Luzina EL, Popov AV. Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of 3,4-mono- and bicyclosubstituted N-(het)aryl trifluoromethyl succinimides. J Fluor Chem 2014; 168:121-127. [PMID: 25400294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel trifluoromethylated mono- and bicyclic succinimides derived from trifluoromethylmaleic anhydride were synthesized using cyclopentadiene or 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and (het)arylamines. The biological activity of these compounds was evaluated using prediction methods and experimental studies. This series of new trifluoromethyl succinimides (3a,b and 6a-c) were tested by the National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, USA) by Program NCI-60 DTP Human Tumor Cell Line Screen at a single high dose (10-5 M). Imides revealed activity on Leukemia cell lines (RPMI-8226 - myeloma cell line), Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell lines (A549/ATCC - lung carcinoma epithelial cells) and Renal cancer cell lines (A498 and SN12C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Luzina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Severnyi pr. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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24
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Ali AR, El-Bendary ER, Ghaly MA, Shehata IA. Novel acetamidothiazole derivatives: synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:908-19. [PMID: 24125851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of acetamide derivatives possessing both 2-imino-4-arylthiazoles and morpholine or different piperazines were synthesized and characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, elemental and mass spectral analyses. Twelve compounds were granted NSC codes at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA for anticancer activity at a single high dose (10(-5) M) in full NCI 60 cell panel. Among the compounds tested, compounds 5a and 6b were found to be the most active candidates of the synthesized series. Assessment of toxicities, druglikeness, and drug score profiles of compounds 5a and 6b are promising. Some of the synthesized compounds showed a good docking score with potential anticancer targets, chosen based on pharmacophore mapping of the established derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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25
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Han W, Wang S, Liang R, Wang L, Chen M, Li H, Wang Y. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles simultaneously enhance antitumor activity and reduce the toxicity of cantharidin. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2187-96. [PMID: 23807847 PMCID: PMC3686241 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to prepare cantharidin-entrapped non-ionic surfactant vesicles (CTD-NSVs) and evaluate their potential in enhancing the antitumor activities and reducing CTD's toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS CTD-NSVs were prepared by injection method. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that CTD-NSVs could significantly enhance in vitro toxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and induce more significant cell-cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, Hoechst 33342 staining implicated that CTD-NSVs induced higher apoptotic rates in MCF-7 cells than free CTD solution. In vivo therapeutic efficacy was investigated in imprinting control region mice bearing mouse sarcoma S180. Mice treated with 1.0 mg/kg CTD-NSVs showed the most powerful antitumor activity, with an inhibition rate of 52.76%, which was significantly higher than that of cyclophosphamide (35 mg/kg, 40.23%) and the same concentration of free CTD (1.0 mg/kg, 31.05%). In addition, the acute toxicity and liver toxicity of CTD were also distinctly decreased via encapsulating into NSVs. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that NSVs could be a promising delivery system for enhancing the antitumor activity and simultaneously reducing the toxicity of CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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26
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Tseng IJ, Sheu SY, Chen YT, Huang CY, Lin CT, Lin PY. A simple procedure for preparation of N-thiazol, thiadiazol, pyridyl and sulfanylamidocantharidinimines analogues and evaluation of their cytotoxicities against human HL-60, MCF7, Neuro-2a and A549 carcinoma cell. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 60:1453-7. [PMID: 23124569 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lab made an effort to prepare some biological active cantharidinimines by heating the reactant 1 and 2a-g, 5h-i and 7j-r amines to suitable temperature with ethanol to provide 18 N-thiazolyl-, sulfanyl-, aminopyridyl-, bromopyridyl-, alkylpyridyl- and hydroxypyridylcantharidinimines 3a-g, 4a-c, 6h-i and 8j-r in yield of 4-77% (Chart 1). These cantharidinimine derivatives were tested for their capabilities to suppress growth of the human carcinoma cell lines, HL-60, MCF7, Neuro-2a and A549, because the incidence rate is more prominent in Asian countries than western countries. Compounds 3c-d and 6h-i were found to have some antitumor activity in HL-60 but less activity in MCF cell and compounds 8j-l displayed some inhibition effects to A549 cell line, but less effect to Neuro-2a cell line. Compounds 8m-r had no cytotoxic effect against both cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of these cantharidinimine compounds seemed to be better than the cantharidinimide compounds which we had mentioned several years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Jy Tseng
- School of Geriatric Nursing and Care Management, Taipei Medical University
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27
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Nagarajan S, Majumder S, Sharma U, Rajendran S, Kumar N, Chatterjee S, Singh B. Synthesis and anti-angiogenic activity of benzothiazole, benzimidazole containing phthalimide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Li W, Li DM, Chen K, Chen Z, Zong Y, Yin H, Xu ZK, Zhu Y, Gong FR, Tao M. Development of a gene therapy strategy to target hepatocellular carcinoma based inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A using the α-fetoprotein promoter enhancer and pgk promoter: an in vitro and in vivo study. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:547. [PMID: 23173703 PMCID: PMC3574000 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current therapies are insufficient, making HCC an intractable disease. Our previous studies confirmed that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. Unfortunately, constitutive expression of PP2A in normal tissues limits the application of PP2A inhibition. Thus, a HCC-specific gene delivery system should be developed. The α-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter is commonly used in HCC-specific gene therapy strategies; however, the utility of this approach is limited due to the weak activity of the AFP promoter. It has been shown that linking the AFP enhancer with the promoter of the non-tissue-specific, human housekeeping phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) gene can generate a strong and HCC-selective promoter. Methods We constructed a HCC-specific gene therapy system to target PP2A using the AFP enhancer/pgk promoter, and evaluated the efficiency and specificity of this system both in vitro and in vivo. Results AFP enhancer/pgk promoter-driven expression of the dominant negative form of the PP2A catalytic subunit α (DN-PP2Acα) exerted cytotoxic effects against an AFP-positive human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B), but did not affect AFP-negative human hepatoma cells (SK-HEP-1) or normal human liver cells (L-02). Moreover, AFP enhancer/pgk promoter driven expression of DN-PP2Acα inhibited the growth of AFP-positive HepG2 tumors in nude mice bearing solid tumor xenografts, but did not affect AFP-negative SK-HEP-1 tumors. Conclusions The novel approach of AFP enhancer/pgk promoter-driven expression of DN-PP2Acα may provide a useful cancer gene therapy strategy to selectively target HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Wang S, Wu X, Tan M, Gong J, Tan W, Bian B, Chen M, Wang Y. Fighting fire with fire: poisonous Chinese herbal medicine for cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:33-45. [PMID: 22265747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Following the known principle of "fighting fire with fire", poisonous Chinese herbal medicine (PCHM) has been historically used in cancer therapies by skilled Chinese practitioners for thousands of years. In fact, most of the marketed natural anti-cancer compounds (e.g., camptothecin derivatives, vinca alkaloids, etc.) are often known in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and recorded as poisonous herbs as well. Inspired by the encouraging precedents, significant researches into the potential of novel anticancer drugs from other PCHM-derived natural products have been ongoing for several years and PCHM is increasingly being recognized as a gathering place for promising anti-cancer drugs. The present review aimed at giving a rational understanding of the toxicity of PCHM and, especially, providing the most recent developments on PCHM-derived anti-cancer compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the toxicity and safety control of PCHM, as well as PCHM-derived anti-cancer compounds, was gathered from the articles, books and monographs published in the past 20 years. RESULTS Based on an objective introduction to the CHM toxicity, we clarified the general misconceptions about the safety of CHM and summarized the traditional experiences in dealing with the toxicity. Several PCHM-derived compounds, namely gambogic acid, triptolide, arsenic trioxide, and cantharidin, were selected as representatives, and their traditional usage and mechanism of anti-cancer actions were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Natural products derived from PCHM are of extreme importance in devising new drugs and providing unique ideas for the war against cancer. To fully exploit the potential of PCHM in cancer therapy, more attentions are advocated to be focused on their safety evaluation and mechanism exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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Yeh CB, Hsieh MJ, Hsieh YH, Chien MH, Chiou HL, Yang SF. Antimetastatic effects of norcantharidin on hepatocellular carcinoma by transcriptional inhibition of MMP-9 through modulation of NF-kB activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31055. [PMID: 22363545 PMCID: PMC3280344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Taiwan has not lessened because of difficulty in treating tumor metastasis. Norcantharidin (NCTD) is currently used as an anticancer drug for hepatoma, breast cancer, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. NCTD possesses various biological anticancer activities, including apoptosis. However, detailed effects and molecular mechanisms of NCTD on metastasis are unclear. Thus, HCC cells were subjected to treatment with NCTD and then analyzed to determine the effects of NCTD on cell metastasis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Modified Boyden chamber assays revealed that NCTD treatment inhibited cell migration and invasion capacities of HCC cells substantially. Results of zymography and western blotting showed that activities and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) were inhibited by NCTD. Western blot analysis showed that NCTD inhibits phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Testing of mRNA level, quantitative real-time PCR, and promoter assays evaluated the inhibitory effects of NCTD on MMP-9 and u-PA expression in HCC cells. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay for analyzing the genomic DNA sequences bound to these proteins was reactive to the transcription protein nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, which was inhibited by NCTD. The expression of NF-kappa B was measured by western blot analysis, which revealed decreased nuclear-factor DNA-binding activity after NCTD treatment. CONCLUSIONS NCTD inhibited MMP-9 and u-PA expression through the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB signaling pathway which serves as a powerful chemopreventive agent in HCC cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HLC); (SFY)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HLC); (SFY)
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Khedkar MV, Khan SR, Sawant DN, Bagal DB, Bhanage BM. Palladium on Carbon: An Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalytic System for Carbonylative Synthesis ofN-Substituted Phthalimides. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Benítez G. Animals used for medicinal and magico-religious purposes in western Granada Province, Andalusia (Spain). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1113-23. [PMID: 21801827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This paper serves to document and make known the folk medicinal uses of animals and animal products in the western part of the province of Granada (Andalusia, Spain), analyzing not only the species used, the administration methods and the ailments treated, but also the cultural implications of this traditional knowledge and the large percentage of magico-religious or ritual practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was gathered through semi-structured open interviews of a total of 42 people, as a part of an in-deep ethnobiological research in 16 different municipalities within the study area. The use-value index was calculated for highlighting the most important species for the population. RESULTS In this part of Granada, 26 different animals have been employed in the treatment of 26 conditions from 10 different pathological groups, amounting 150 total reports (7% of the total ones including plant and animal medicinal resources). Although some of the uses were included in several classical and anthropological works, most remain unpublished. Cultural and environmental implications are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The traditional use of animals in medicine is low known for southern Europe. 26 species constitute a significant number of animals used, considering the socio-economic and cultural context in which the study area is situated, and its small size. Albeit the main part of the information presented in this paper can be more important in an historical or anthropological standpoint, most of the medicinal resources presented have not been deeply studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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