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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qiao X, Sun S. Synthesis of lipophilic antioxidant tyrosol laurate using imidazolium ionic liquid [Bmim]HSO 4 as a catalyst. Food Chem 2024; 442:138418. [PMID: 38237293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosol is a natural phenolic compound with potent antioxidant properties in the field of food manufacturing. However, the low lipophilicity of tyrosol limited its application. Therefore, the construction of tyrosol laurate (Tyr-L) could effectively overcome the limitations of tyrosol. In this work, four ionic liquids (ILs) were applied for TYr-L preparation. Among them, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4) showed the best catalytic performance. The maximum TYr-L yield was achieved (94.24 ± 1.23 %) under the optimal conditions (reaction temperature 119 °C, substrate ratio 1:6.7, IL dosage 9.2 %, and reaction time 12 h). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and it was found that Ea, ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were 80.81 kJ·mol-1, 77.63 kJ·mol-1, -82.08 J·(mol·K)-1, and 109.89 kJ·mol-1, respectively. The acidic [Bmim]HSO4 demonstrated excellent reusability and stability, even after 6 cycles. Furthermore, TYr-L showed superior ABTS radical scavenging ability, which could be further applied in various industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Xing Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Shangde Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
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Vahekeni N, Brillatz T, Rahmaty M, Cal M, Keller-Maerki S, Rocchetti R, Kaiser M, Sax S, Mattli K, Wolfram E, Marcourt L, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Mäser P. Antiprotozoal Activity of Plants Used in the Management of Sleeping Sickness in Angola and Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel and Nymphaea lotus L. Active against T. b. rhodesiense. Molecules 2024; 29:1611. [PMID: 38611890 PMCID: PMC11013945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Folk medicine is widely used in Angola, even for human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in spite of the fact that the reference treatment is available for free. Aiming to validate herbal remedies in use, we selected nine medicinal plants and assessed their antitrypanosomal activity. A total of 122 extracts were prepared using different plant parts and solvents. A total of 15 extracts from seven different plants exhibited in vitro activity (>70% at 20 µg/mL) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms. The dichloromethane extract of Nymphaea lotus (leaves and leaflets) and the ethanolic extract of Brasenia schreberi (leaves) had IC50 values ≤ 10 µg/mL. These two aquatic plants are of particular interest. They are being co-applied in the form of a decoction of leaves because they are considered by local healers as male and female of the same species, the ethnotaxon "longa dia simbi". Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification of eight active molecules: gallic acid (IC50 0.5 µg/mL), methyl gallate (IC50 1.1 µg/mL), 2,3,4,6-tetragalloyl-glucopyranoside, ethyl gallate (IC50 0.5 µg/mL), 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-glucopyranoside (IC50 20 µg/mL), gossypetin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (IC50 5.5 µg/mL), and hypolaetin-7-O-glucoside (IC50 5.7 µg/mL) in B. schreberi, and 5-[(8Z,11Z,14Z)-heptadeca-8,11,14-trienyl] resorcinol (IC50 5.3 µg/mL) not described to date in N. lotus. Five of these active constituents were detected in the traditional preparation. This work provides the first evidence for the ethnomedicinal use of these plants in the management of sleeping sickness in Angola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vahekeni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Théo Brillatz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marjan Rahmaty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cal
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Keller-Maerki
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romina Rocchetti
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Sax
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Mattli
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland (E.W.)
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland (E.W.)
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Cabello-Donayre M, Cabello-Donayre I, Guerra D, Orrego LM, Morales JC, Cautain B, Vicente F, Pérez-Victoria JM. A yeast-based high-throughput screen identifies inhibitors of trypanosomatid HRG heme transporters with potent leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107092. [PMID: 38242251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES New drugs are required to treat neglected diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites such as Leishmania, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. An Achilles' heel of these parasites is their heme auxotrophy; they have an absolute dependence on scavenging this molecule from the host, and trypanosomatid HRG heme transporters (TrypHRG) play an important role in this process. As these proteins are essential for the parasites and have low similarity with their human orthologue, they have been proposed as attractive therapeutic targets. Here, we have developed two yeast-based assays that allow an inexpensive high-throughput screening of TrypHRG inhibitors within a cellular context. METHODS We first assessed that Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani and T. brucei HRG proteins were heterologously expressed in the digestive vacuole membrane of a mutant heme auxotrophic yeast strain. Here, TrypHRG imports hemoglobinderived heme into the cytosol, allowing mutant yeast to grow in the presence of low hemoglobin concentrations and promoting the activity of hemeproteins such as catalase, which was used as a reporter of cytosolic heme levels. RESULTS In the presence of a TrypHRG inhibitor, both catalase activity (test 1) and yeast growth (test 2) were diminished, being easily monitored. The assays were then tested on a pilot scale for HTS purposes using a collection of repurposing drugs and food antioxidants. Some of the TrypHRG inhibitors identified in yeast presented strong trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity in the submicromolar range, proving the potential of this approach. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, it was shown that the inhibition bioassays developed were robust and applicable to large-scale HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cabello-Donayre
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain; Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Irene Cabello-Donayre
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Guerra
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain; Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina M Orrego
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan C Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Bastien Cautain
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Pérez-Victoria
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Lafi O, Essid R, Lachaud L, Jimenez C, Rodríguez J, Ageitos L, Mhamdi R, Abaza L. Synergistic antileishmanial activity of erythrodiol, uvaol, and oleanolic acid isolated from olive leaves of cv. Chemlali. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:395. [PMID: 37970450 PMCID: PMC10643720 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the antileishmanial activity of biomolecules obtained from Olea europaea L. leaves and twigs recovered from eight Tunisian cultivars. The extraction was first carried out with 80% methanol, and then the obtained extract was fractionated using three solvents of increasing polarity: cyclohexane (CHX), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The antileishmanial activity was determined against leishmanial strains responsible for cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The cyclohexane fraction of the leaves of cv. Chemlali from the region of Sidi-Bouzid exhibited the strongest leishmanicidal activity against all the tested leishmanial strains. The inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 16.5, 14.5, and 7.4 μg mL-1 for Leishmania mexicana (cutaneous), Leishmania braziliensis (mucocutaneous), and Leishmania donovani (visceral), respectively. Interestingly, low cytotoxicity was observed on THP-1 cells with selective indexes (SI) ranging from 22.8 to 50.5. HPLC-HRMS and full-house NMR analysis allowed the identification of three triterpenic compounds, oleanolic acid (IC50 = 64.1 μg mL-1), erythrodiol (IC50 = 52.0 µg mL-1), and uvaol (IC50 = 53.8 μg mL-1). Antileishmanial activity of uvaol and oleanolic acid has been previously reported. However, this work constitutes the first report of the antileishmanial activity of erythrodiol which showed combinatorial interaction with uvaol (IC50 = 26.1 μg mL-1) against Leishmania tropica. The mixture of the three compounds, as major ones, exhibited an enhanced activity against Leishmania tropica (IC50 = 16.3 µg mL-1) compared to erythrodiol alone or the combination of uvaol and erythrodiol. This finding is of great importance and needs further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03825-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumayma Lafi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Olive, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, The University of Tunis El Manar, 20 Street of Tolede, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Essid
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Laurence Lachaud
- UMR, Univ Montpellier (IRD-CNRS), MIVEGEC, Montpellier, France
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, CHU Montpellier, 39 Av. Charles Flahault, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ridha Mhamdi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Olive, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Leila Abaza
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Olive, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Gonçalves RCR, Belmonte-Reche E, Pina J, Costa da Silva M, Pinto SCS, Gallo J, Costa SPG, Raposo MMM. Bioimaging of Lysosomes with a BODIPY pH-Dependent Fluorescent Probe. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228065. [PMID: 36432168 PMCID: PMC9696654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based probes represent a powerful tool for noninvasive imaging of living systems in real time and with a high temporal and spatial resolution. Amongst several known fluorophores, 3-difluoroborodipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives have become a cornerstone for innovative fluorescent labelling applications, mainly due to their advantageous features including their facile synthesis, structural versatility and exceptional photophysical properties. In this context, we report a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for imaging of lysosomes in living cells. The BODIPY derivative displayed a remarkable fluorescence enhancement at low pH values with a pKa* of 3.1. In vitro studies by confocal microscopy in HeLa cells demonstrated that the compound was able to permeate cell membrane and selectively label lysosome whilst remaining innocuous to the cell culture at the maximum concentration tested. Herein, the BODIPY derivative holds the promise of investigating lysosomal dynamics and function in living cells through fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C. R. Gonçalves
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Efres Belmonte-Reche
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Milene Costa da Silva
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia C. S. Pinto
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juan Gallo
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana P. G. Costa
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Manuela M. Raposo
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Thiosugar naphthalene diimide conjugates: G-quadruplex ligands with antiparasitic and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Optimization of a novel method for the conversion of tyrosol to hydroxytyrosol via catalytic process using statistical experimental design: kinetic study. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Diale MO, Kayitesi E, Serepa-Dlamini MH. Genome In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of the Probiotic Properties of a Bacterial Endophyte, Bacillus Paranthracis Strain MHSD3. Front Genet 2021; 12:672149. [PMID: 34858466 PMCID: PMC8631869 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.672149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming Bacillus species are gaining interest in human health recently, due to their ability to withstand the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study explores probiotic features of Bacillus paranthracis strain MHSD3 through genomic analysis and in vitro probiotic assays. The draft genome of strain MHSD3 contained genes associated with tolerance to gastrointestinal stress and adhesion. Cluster genes responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, bacteriocins, and linear azole-containing peptides were identified. Additionally, strain MHSD3 was able to survive in an acidic environment, had the tolerance to bile salt, and exhibited the capability to tolerate gastric juices. Moreover, the isolate was found to possess strong cell surface traits such as high auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity indices of 79 and 54%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the strain produced secondary metabolites such as amino acids, phenolic compounds, and organic acid, known to exert health-promoting properties, including the improvement of gastrointestinal tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamonokane Olga Diale
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Consumer and Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Floris B, Galloni P, Conte V, Sabuzi F. Tailored Functionalization of Natural Phenols to Improve Biological Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1325. [PMID: 34572538 PMCID: PMC8467377 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are widespread in nature, being the major components of several plants and essential oils. Natural phenols' anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, pharmacological and nutritional properties are, nowadays, well established. Hence, given their peculiar biological role, numerous studies are currently ongoing to overcome their limitations, as well as to enhance their activity. In this review, the functionalization of selected natural phenols is critically examined, mainly highlighting their improved bioactivity after the proper chemical transformations. In particular, functionalization of the most abundant naturally occurring monophenols, diphenols, lipidic phenols, phenolic acids, polyphenols and curcumin derivatives is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Floris
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
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10
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Oliverio M, Nardi M, Di Gioia ML, Costanzo P, Bonacci S, Mancuso S, Procopio A. Semi-synthesis as a tool for broadening the health applications of bioactive olive secoiridoids: a critical review. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:444-469. [PMID: 33300916 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2005 up to 2020Olive bioactive secoiridoids are recognized as natural antioxidants with multiple beneficial effects on human health. Nevertheless, the study of their biological activity has also disclosed some critical aspects associated with their application. Firstly, only a few of them can be extracted in large amounts from their natural matrix, namely olive leaves, drupes, oil and olive mill wastewater. Secondly, their application as preventive agents and drugs is limited by their low membrane permeability. Thirdly, the study of their biological fate after administration is complicated by the absence of pure analytical standards. Accordingly, efficient synthetic methods to obtain natural and non-natural bioactive phenol derivatives have been developed. Among them, semi-synthetic protocols represent efficient and economical alternatives to total synthesis, combining efficient extraction protocols with efficient catalytic conversions to achieve reasonable amounts of active molecules. The aim of this review is to summarize the semi-synthetic protocols published in the last fifteen years, covering 2005 up to 2020, which can produce natural olive bioactive phenols scarcely available by extractive procedures, and new biophenol derivatives with enhanced biological activity. Moreover, the semi-synthetic protocols to produce olive bioactive phenol derivatives as analytical standards are also discussed. A critical analysis of the advantages offered by semi-synthesis compared to classical extraction methods or total synthesis protocols is also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Mimetics of extra virgin olive oil phenols with anti-cancer stem cell activity. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21057-21075. [PMID: 33168787 PMCID: PMC7695371 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) dihydroxy-phenol oleacein is a natural inhibitor of multiple metabolic and epigenetic enzymes capable of suppressing the functional traits of cancer stem cells (CSC). Here, we used a natural product-inspired drug discovery approach to identify new compounds that phenotypically mimic the anti-CSC activity of oleacein. We coupled 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship-based virtual profiling with phenotypic analysis using 3D tumorsphere formation as a gold standard for assessing the presence of CSC. Among the top 20 computationally-predicted oleacein mimetics, four fulfilled the phenotypic endpoint of specifically suppressing the tumorsphere-initiating capacity of CSC, in the absence of significant cytotoxicity against differentiated cancer cells growing in 2D cultures in the same low micromolar concentration range. Of these, 3,4-dihydrophenetyl butyrate –a lipophilic ester conjugate of the hydroxytyrosol moiety of oleacein– and (E)-N-allyl-2-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide) –an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase– were also highly effective at significantly reducing the proportion of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive CSC-like proliferating cells. Preservation of the mTOR/DNMT binding mode of oleacein was dispensable for suppression of the ALDH+-CSC functional phenotype in hydroxytyrosol-unrelated mimetics. The anti-CSC chemistry of complex EVOO phenols such as oleacein can be phenocopied through the use of mimetics capturing its physico-chemical properties.
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Begines P, Biedermann D, Valentová K, Petrásková L, Pelantová H, Maya I, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Křen V. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Radical Scavenging of Sulfated Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Acetylated Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7281-7288. [PMID: 31198027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potential metabolites of bioactive compounds are important for their biological activities and as authentic standards for metabolic studies. The phenolic compounds contained in olive oil are an important part of the human diet, and therefore their potential metabolites are of utmost interest. We developed a convenient, scalable, one-pot chemoenzymatic method using the arylsulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense for the sulfation of the natural olive oil phenols tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and of their monoacetylated derivatives. Respective monosulfated (tentative) metabolites were fully structurally characterized using LC-MS, NMR, and HRMS. In addition, Folin-Ciocalteu reduction, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and antilipoperoxidant activity in rat liver microsomes damaged by tert-butylhydroperoxide were measured and compared to the parent compounds. As expected, the sulfation diminished the radical scavenging properties of the prepared compounds. These compounds will serve as authentic standards of phase II metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Begines
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Seville , Sevilla E-41012 , Spain
| | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , Prague CZ 142 20 , Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , Prague CZ 142 20 , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , Prague CZ 142 20 , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , Prague CZ 142 20 , Czech Republic
| | - Inés Maya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Seville , Sevilla E-41012 , Spain
| | - José G Fernández-Bolaños
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Seville , Sevilla E-41012 , Spain
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , Prague CZ 142 20 , Czech Republic
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13
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Zhang L, Xu Q, Zhu J, Xia G, Zang H. Synthesis, α-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of tyrosol derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1596-1604. [PMID: 31204495 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1628750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To find a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, 24 tyrosol derivatives with different substituents located at the meta, ortho, or para position of the phenyl group have been synthesised via the Mitsunobu reaction, characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and IR and evaluated for inhibition. The derivatives possessed varying degrees of in vitro inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and a relationship between the structure and activity was subsequently established for all compounds. Two of these compounds with substituents at the para position showed significant inhibitory effects surpassing that of the control standard acarbose. Molecular docking studies performed to better understand the binding interactions between the enzyme and the two most active compounds showed substantial binding within the active site of α-glucosidase. Taken together, these results indicate that the position of the substituent plays a crucial role in this inhibition and may facilitate the development of new α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Guangqing Xia
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zang
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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14
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Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102001. [PMID: 31137753 PMCID: PMC6571782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karković Marković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Torić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Monika Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Smolyaninov IV, Pitikova OV, Korchagina EO, Poddel'sky AI, Fukin GK, Luzhnova SA, Tichkomirov AM, Ponomareva EN, Berberova NT. Catechol thioethers with physiologically active fragments: Electrochemistry, antioxidant and cryoprotective activities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103003. [PMID: 31132599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of asymmetrical thioethers based on 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol containing sulfur atom bonding with physiologically active groups in the sixth position of aromatic ring have been synthesized and the electrochemical properties, antioxidant, cryoprotective activities of new thioethers have been evaluated. Cyclic voltammetry was used to estimate the oxidation potentials of thioethers in acetonitrile. The electrooxidation of compounds at the first stage leads to the formation of o-benzoquinones. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were determined using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, experiments on the oxidative damage of the DNA, the reaction of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH) induced glutathione depletion (GSH), the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenates in vitro, and iron(II) chelation test. Compounds 1-9 have greater antioxidant effectiveness than 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (CatH2) in all assays. The variation of physiologically active groups at sulfur atom allows to regulate lipophilic properties and antioxidant activity of compounds. Thioethers 3, 4 and 7 demonstrate the combination of radical scavenging, antioxidant activity and iron(II) binding properties. The researched compounds 1-9 were studied as possible cryoprotectants of the media for cryopreservation of the Russian sturgeon sperm. Novel cryoprotective additives in cryomedium reduce significantly the content of membrane-permeating agent (DMSO). A cryoprotective effect of an addition of the catechol thioethers depends on the structure of groups at sulfur atom. The cryoprotective properties of compounds 3, 4 and 7 are caused by combination of catechol fragment, bonded by a thioether linker with a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal ionizable group or with a biologically relevant acetylcysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Smolyaninov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia; Toxicology Research Group of Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia.
| | - Olga V Pitikova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
| | - Eugenia O Korchagina
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
| | - Andrey I Poddel'sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Luzhnova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pyatigorsk Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Institute, 11 Kalinina str., Pyatigorsk 357500, Russia
| | - Andrey M Tichkomirov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
| | - Elena N Ponomareva
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia; Toxicology Research Group of Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Nadezhda T Berberova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
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16
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López-Jiménez A, Gallardo E, Espartero JL, Madrona A, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Comparison of the anti-angiogenic potential of hydroxytyrosol and five derivatives. Food Funct 2018; 9:4310-4316. [PMID: 30040093 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound present in extra virgin olive oil, either in free form or as derivatives, and related to some of the health benefits described for olive oil intake. We have demonstrated previously that hydroxytyrosol inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we evaluate the anti-angiogenic potential of five hydroxytyrosol derivatives. Three of these derivatives contain a nitro group and they exhibit a much weaker effect than hydroxytyrosol in the tubule formation assay on Matrigel and therefore were not studied further. In contrast, both hydroxytyrosyl acetate and ethyl hydroxytyrosyl ether show more potent inhibitory effects than hydroxytyrosol in both the in vitro tubule formation assay on Matrigel and the in vivo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Additionally, these three compounds had slight pro-apoptotic effects and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in cell extracts.
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17
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Diallinas G, Rafailidou N, Kalpaktsi I, Komianou AC, Tsouvali V, Zantza I, Mikros E, Skaltsounis AL, Kostakis IK. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2624. [PMID: 30459736 PMCID: PMC6232300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections constitute an emerging threat and a prevalent health problem due to increasing number of immunocompromised people and pharmacological or other treatments aiming at viral infections, cancer or allergies. Currently used antifungals suffer from inefficiency, toxic side effects and developing drug-resistance. Additionally, over the last two decades no new classes of antifungals have been approved, emphasizing the urgent need for developing a novel generation of antifungals. Here, we investigate the antifungal activity of a series of chemically synthesized Hydroxytyrosol (HT) analogs. HT is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive oil, shown to possess radical-scavenging antioxidant, antiproliferative, proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. No previous report has studied HT analogs as antifungals. We show that specific analogs have broad and strong antifungal activity, significantly stronger than the parent compound HT. Using Aspergillus nidulans as an in vivo cellular model system, we show that antifungal HT analogs have an unprecedented efficiency in fungal plasma membrane destruction. Importantly, antifungal HT analogs did not show toxicity in a mammalian cell line, whereas no resistance to HT analogs was obtained by standard mutagenesis. Our results open the way for the development of a novel, efficient and safer class of antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nausica Rafailidou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kalpaktsi
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vivian Tsouvali
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iliana Zantza
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis K Kostakis
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Fernandez-Pastor I, Martínez-García M, Medina-O'Donnell M, Rivas F, Martinez A, Pérez-Victoria JM, Parra A. Semisynthesis of ω-Hydroxyalkylcarbonate Derivatives of Hydroxytyrosol as Antitrypanosome Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2075-2082. [PMID: 30160961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lipophilic ω-hydroxyalkylcarbonate hydroxytyrosol derivatives and also their corresponding dimeric derivatives have been synthesized, coupling the primary hydroxy group of this phenolic compound with several terminal diols of different chain lengths, by the use of a carbonate linker. The trypanocidal activity and cytotoxicity of these ω-hydroxyalkylcarbonate derivatives of hydroxytyrosol and known alkylcarbonate derivatives of hydroxytyrosol were assessed. Three of the hydroxytyrosol alkylcarbonate derivatives were active against Trypanosoma brucei: two with an alkyl chain of average size (0.2 and 0.5 μM) and another with a double bond in the alkyl chain (0.4 μM). These values suggest an increase in activity with respect to hydroxytyrosol (264-, 90-, and 116-fold, respectively). Furthermore, these compounds showed high selectivity indices against MRC-5, a nontumor human cell line (62, 71, and 39, respectively). Some other ω-hydroxyalkylcarbonate and alkylcarbonate derivatives of hydroxytyrosol were also active against T. brucei within a low micromolar range (about 1 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernandez-Pastor
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Granada , Fuentenueva, s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-García
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra", CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada , Avenida del Conocimiento, 17 , 18016 , Armilla, Granada , Spain
| | - Marta Medina-O'Donnell
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Granada , Fuentenueva, s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Granada , Fuentenueva, s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Granada , Fuentenueva, s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
| | - José María Pérez-Victoria
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "Lopez-Neyra", CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada , Avenida del Conocimiento, 17 , 18016 , Armilla, Granada , Spain
| | - Andres Parra
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Granada , Fuentenueva, s/n , E-18071 Granada , Spain
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19
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Martínez-García M, Bart JM, Campos-Salinas J, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M, González-Rey E, Navarro M, Maqueda M, Cebrián R, Pérez-Victoria JM. Autophagic-related cell death of Trypanosoma brucei induced by bacteriocin AS-48. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 8:203-212. [PMID: 29649664 PMCID: PMC6039360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and nagana. Current drug therapies have limited efficacy, high toxicity and/or are continually hampered by the appearance of resistance. Antimicrobial peptides have recently attracted attention as potential parasiticidal compounds. Here, we explore circular bacteriocin AS-48's ability to kill clinically relevant bloodstream forms of T. brucei gambiense, T. brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei brucei. AS-48 exhibited excellent anti-trypanosomal activity in vitro (EC50 = 1–3 nM) against the three T. brucei subspecies, but it was innocuous to human cells at 104-fold higher concentrations. In contrast to its antibacterial action, AS-48 does not kill the parasite through plasma membrane permeabilization but by targeting intracellular compartments. This was evidenced by the fact that vital dye internalization-prohibiting concentrations of AS-48 could kill the parasite at 37 °C but not at 4 °C. Furthermore, AS-48 interacted with the surface of the parasite, at least in part via VSG, its uptake was temperature-dependent and clathrin-depleted cells were less permissive to the action of AS-48. The bacteriocin also caused the appearance of myelin-like structures and double-membrane autophagic vacuoles. These changes in the parasite's ultrastructure were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy as AS-48 induced the production of EGFP-ATG8.2-labeled autophagosomes. Collectively, these results indicate AS-48 kills the parasite through a mechanism involving clathrin-mediated endocytosis of VSG-bound AS-48 and the induction of autophagic-like cell death. As AS-48 has greater in vitro activity than the drugs currently used to treat T. brucei infection and does not present any signs of toxicity in mammalian cells, it could be an attractive lead compound for the treatment of sleeping sickness and nagana. AS-48 kills Trypanosoma brucei efficiently and is innocuous in mammalian cells. It has greater in vitro activity than drugs currently in use. AS-48 must be internalized by the parasite in order to exert its trypanocidal effect. AS-48 uptake involves VSG binding and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. AS-48 induces an autophagic-related cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-García
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jean-Mathieu Bart
- Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; UMR INTERTRYP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | | | - Elena González-Rey
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Navarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Rubén Cebrián
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Pérez-Victoria
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.
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20
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Xie YD, Chen ZZ, Li N, Lu WF, Xu YH, Lin YY, Shao LH, Wang QT, Guo LY, Gao YQ, Yang GD, Li YP, Bian XL. Hydroxytyrosol nicotinate, a new multifunctional hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:715-724. [PMID: 29710469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a natural polyphenol antioxidant that exists in olive oil. In the study of multifunctional hypolipidemic of nicotinic derivatives, we found that hydroxytyrosol nicotinate (HT-N) incorporation of niacin with HT displayed ?-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro, such as yeast ?-glucosidase (IC50?=?117.72??M) and rat intestinal ?-glucosidases maltase (IC50?=?31.86??M) and sucrase (IC50?=?22.99??M), and had a good control of postprandial blood glucose (PBG). HT-N shown significantly hypoglycemic action by 16.9% and protection of pancreatic tissue in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. HT-N also shown a potent antioxidant activity and property of anti-glycation in vitro, which were benefit for ameliorating diabetic complications. Moreover, HT-N exhibited much significant hypolipidemia, lowering plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and malonaldehyde (MDA) by 34.6%, 45.8% and 32.1% respectively, in hyperlipidemic mice induced by Triton WR 1339. The results indicated that HT-N has hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions. All these properties could be conducive to amelioration of oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes that HT-N may serve as a multifunctional potential therapeutic strategy in diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Zhang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-Xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fang Lu
- Pharmacy Department, Xianyang Central Hospital, No.78 Renmin East Road, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Tang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiong Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-De Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Xie Y, Xu Y, Chen Z, Lu W, Li N, Wang Q, Shao L, Li Y, Yang G, Bian X. A new multifunctional hydroxytyrosol-fenofibrate with antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory action. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1749-1758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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