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Marchenko IV, Trushina DB. Local Drug Delivery in Bladder Cancer: Advances of Nano/Micro/Macro-Scale Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2724. [PMID: 38140065 PMCID: PMC10747982 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bladder cancer remains a critical unmet need and requires advanced approaches, particularly the development of local drug delivery systems. The physiology of the urinary bladder causes the main difficulties in the local treatment of bladder cancer: regular voiding prevents the maintenance of optimal concentration of the instilled drugs, while poor permeability of the urothelium limits the penetration of the drugs into the bladder wall. Therefore, great research efforts have been spent to overcome these hurdles, thereby improving the efficacy of available therapies. The explosive development of nanotechnology, polymer science, and related fields has contributed to the emergence of a number of nanostructured vehicles (nano- and micro-scale) applicable for intravesical drug delivery. Moreover, the engineering approach has facilitated the design of several macro-sized depot systems (centimeter scale) capable of remaining in the bladder for weeks and months. In this article, the main rationales and strategies for improved intravesical delivery are reviewed. Here, we focused on analysis of colloidal nano- and micro-sized drug carriers and indwelling macro-scale devices, which were evaluated for applicability in local therapy for bladder cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Marchenko
- Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daria B. Trushina
- Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Magnetic Nanofluid for Enhanced Tumor MRI and Tumor multi-treatments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We prepared a tumor microenvironment-responsive magnetic nanofluid (MNF) for improving tumor targeting, imaging and treatment simultaneously. For this purpose, we synthesized sulfonamide-based amphiphilic copolymers with a suitable pKa at 7.0; then, we utilized them to prepare the tumor microenvironment-responsive MNF by self-assembly of the sulfonamide-based amphiphilic copolymers and hydrophobic monodispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles at approximately 8 nm. After a series of characterizations, the MNF showed excellent application potential due to the fact of its high stability under physiological conditions and its hypersensitivity toward tumor stroma by forming aggregations within neutral or weak acidic environments. Due to the fact of its tumor microenvironment-responsiveness, the MNF showed great potential for accumulation in tumors, which could enhance MNF-mediated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic hyperthermia (MH) and Fenton reaction (FR) in tumor. Moreover, in vitro cell experiment did not only show high biocompatibility of tumor microenvironment-responsive MNF in physiological environment, but also exhibit high efficacy on inhibiting cell proliferation by MH-dependent chemodynamic therapy (CDT), because CDT was triggered and promoted efficiently by MH with increasing strength of alternating magnetic field. Although the current research is limited to in vitro study, these positive results still suggest the great potential of the MNF on effective targeting, diagnosis, and therapy of tumor.
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Proton-mediated burst of dual-drug loaded liposomes for biofilm dispersal and bacterial killing. J Control Release 2022; 352:460-471. [PMID: 36341930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of infectious biofilms to dispersants induces high bacterial concentrations in blood that may cause sepsis. Preventing sepsis requires simultaneous biofilm dispersal and bacterial killing. Here, self-targeting DCPA(2-(4-((1,5-bis(octadecenoyl)1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl)carbamoyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)acetate) liposomes with complexed water were self-assembled with ciprofloxacin loaded in-membrane and PEGylated as a lipid-membrane component, together with bromelain loaded in-core. Inside biofilms, DCPA-H2O and PEGylated ciprofloxacin became protonated, disturbing the balance in the lipid-membrane to cause liposome-burst and simultaneous release of bromelain and ciprofloxacin. Simultaneous release of bromelain and ciprofloxacin enhanced bacterial killing in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms as compared with free bromelain and/or ciprofloxacin. After tail-vein injection in mice, liposomes accumulated inside intra-abdominal staphylococcal biofilms. Subsequent liposome-burst and simultaneous release of bromelain and ciprofloxacin yielded degradation of the biofilm matrix by bromelain and higher bacterial killing without inducing septic symptoms as obtained by injection of free bromelain and ciprofloxacin. This shows the advantage of simultaneous release from liposomes of bromelain and ciprofloxacin inside a biofilm.
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Cao Y, Dong X, Chen X. Polymer-Modified Liposomes for Drug Delivery: From Fundamentals to Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040778. [PMID: 35456613 PMCID: PMC9026371 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are highly advantageous platforms for drug delivery. To improve the colloidal stability and avoid rapid uptake by the mononuclear phagocytic system of conventional liposomes while controlling the release of encapsulated agents, modification of liposomes with well-designed polymers to modulate the physiological, particularly the interfacial properties of the drug carriers, has been intensively investigated. Briefly, polymers are incorporated into liposomes mainly using “grafting” or “coating”, defined according to the configuration of polymers at the surface. Polymer-modified liposomes preserve the advantages of liposomes as drug-delivery carriers and possess specific functionality from the polymers, such as long circulation, precise targeting, and stimulus-responsiveness, thereby resulting in improved pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the progress in polymer-modified liposomes for drug delivery, focusing on the change in physiological properties of liposomes and factors influencing the overall therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Cao
- Department of Electronic Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinyan Dong
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Xuepeng Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.C.)
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Alrbyawi H, Poudel I, Annaji M, Arnold RD, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ. Recent Advancements of Stimuli-Responsive Targeted Liposomal Formulations for Cancer Drug Delivery. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:3-23. [PMID: 35156590 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220214102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have gained attention as a well-accepted nanocarrier for several chemotherapeutic drugs and are considered a drug delivery system of choice for a wide range of products. These amphipathic spherical vesicles primarily consist of one or more phospholipid bilayers, showing promise for drug delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in addition to unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Recent advances in liposomes are mainly centered on chemical and structural modification with the multifunctional approach to target the cancer cells activating the offensive mechanisms within the proximity of the tumors. Stimuli-responsive liposomes are a precisive approach to deliver and release chemotherapeutic drugs in the tumor site in a controlled fashion, thus reducing damage to normal tissues and preventing the side effects of the conventional chemotherapy regimen. The unique characteristics in the tumor microenvironment facilitate applying an endogenous stimulus (pH, redox potential, or enzymatic activity) to trigger the release of the drug, or external stimulus (heat or light) could be applied to tailor the drug release from liposomes. This review focuses on newer developments in stimuli-sensitive liposomal drug delivery systems designed to apply either exogenous (temperature, light, and magnetic field) or endogenous (pH changes, enzymatic triggers, or redox potential) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alrbyawi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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6
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Liposome-Polymer Complex for Drug Delivery System and Vaccine Stabilization. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08934. [PMID: 35243059 PMCID: PMC8861389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been used extensively as micro- and nanocarriers for hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. However, conventional liposomes are biodegradable and quickly eliminated, making it difficult to be used for delivery in specific routes, such as the oral and systemic routes. One way to overcome this problem is through complexation with polymers, which is referred to as a liposome complex. The use of polymers can increase the stability of liposome with regard to pH, chemicals, enzymes, and the immune system. In some cases, specific polymers can condition the properties of liposomes to be explicitly used in drug delivery, such as targeted delivery and controlled release. These properties are influenced by the type of polymer, crosslinker, interaction, and bond in the complexation process. Therefore, it is crucial to study and review these parameters for the development of more optimal forms and properties of the liposome complex. This article discusses the use of natural and synthetic polymers, ways of interaction between polymers and liposomes (on the surface, incorporation in lamellar chains, and within liposomes), types of bonds, evaluation standards, and their effects on the stability and pharmacokinetic profile of the liposome complex, drugs, and vaccines. This article concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers can be used in modifying the structure and physicochemical properties of liposomes to specify their use in targeted delivery, controlled release, and stabilizing drugs and vaccines.
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7
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Yu C, Chen Z, Li X, Bao H, Wang Y, Zhang B, Huang J, Zhang Z. pH-Triggered Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced Labeling and Long-Term CT Imaging Tracking of Stem Cells in Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101861. [PMID: 34235846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) pose a great challenge in the development of nanotracers that can self-adaptively alter their properties in response to certain cellular environments for long-term stem cell tracking. Herein, pH-sensitive Au nanotracers (CPP-PSD@Au) are fabricated by sequential coupling of AuNPs with sulfonamide-based polymer (PSD) and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), which can be efficiently internalized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and undergo pH-induced self-assembly in endosomes, facilitating long-term computed tomography (CT) imaging tracking MSCs in a murine model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Using the CPP-PSD@Au, the transplanted MSCs for the first time can be monitored with CT imaging for up to 35 days after transplantation into the lung of IPF mice, clearly elucidating the migration process of MSCs in vivo. Moreover, we preliminarily explored the mechanism of the CPP-PSD@Au labeled MSCs in the alleviation of IPF, including recovery of alveolar integrity, decrease of collagen deposition, as well as down-regulation of relevant cytokine level. This work facilitates our understanding of the behavior and effect of MSCs in the therapy of IPF, thereby providing an important insight into the stem cell-based treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhongjin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongying Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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8
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Thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for augmented oral bioavailability of gemcitabine: Preparation, optimization, in vitro and in vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Hawryłkiewicz A, Ptaszyńska N. Gemcitabine Peptide-Based Conjugates and Their Application in Targeted Tumor Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:E364. [PMID: 33445797 PMCID: PMC7828243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle in tumor treatment is associated with the poor penetration of a therapeutic agent into the tumor tissue and with their adverse influence on healthy cells, which limits the dose of drug that can be safely administered to cancer patients. Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug used to treat a wide range of solid tumors and is a first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The effect of gemcitabine is significantly weakened by its rapid plasma degradation. In addition, the systemic toxicity and drug resistance significantly reduce its chemotherapeutic efficacy. Up to now, many approaches have been made to improve the therapeutic index of gemcitabine. One of the recently developed approaches to improve conventional chemotherapy is based on the direct targeting of chemotherapeutics to cancer cells using the drug-peptide conjugates. In this work, we summarize recently published gemcitabine peptide-based conjugates and their efficacy in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Ptaszyńska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
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10
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Tawfik SM, Azizov S, Elmasry MR, Sharipov M, Lee YI. Recent Advances in Nanomicelles Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E70. [PMID: 33396938 PMCID: PMC7823398 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and selective delivery of therapeutic drugs to the target site remains the main obstacle in the development of new drugs and therapeutic interventions. Up until today, nanomicelles have shown their prospective as nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to their small size, good biocompatibility, and capacity to effectively entrap lipophilic drugs in their core. Nanomicelles are formed via self-assembly in aqueous media of amphiphilic molecules into well-organized supramolecular structures. Molecular weights and structure of the core and corona forming blocks are important properties that will determine the size of nanomicelles and their shape. Selective delivery is achieved via novel design of various stimuli-responsive nanomicelles that release drugs based on endogenous or exogenous stimulations such as pH, temperature, ultrasound, light, redox potential, and others. This review summarizes the emerging micellar nanocarriers developed with various designs, their outstanding properties, and underlying principles that grant targeted and continuous drug delivery. Finally, future perspectives, and challenges for nanomicelles are discussed based on the current achievements and remaining issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M. Tawfik
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
- Surfactant Laboratory, Department of Petrochemicals, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Polysaccharide Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Mohamed R. Elmasry
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Mirkomil Sharipov
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
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11
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Dutta D, Nath LK, Chakraborty P, Dutta D. Targeting Gemcitabine hydrochloride to tumor microenvironment through stimuli-responsive Nano-conjugate: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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13
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Alsehli M. Polymeric nanocarriers as stimuli-responsive systems for targeted tumor (cancer) therapy: Recent advances in drug delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:255-265. [PMID: 32194326 PMCID: PMC7078546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of biodegradable polymeric materials as potential drug delivery carriers. However, bioavailability and drug release at the disease site remain uncontrollable even with the use of polymeric nanocarriers. To address this issue, successful methodologies have been developed to synthesize polymeric nanocarriers incorporated with regions exhibiting a response to stimuli such as redox potential, temperature, pH, and light. The resultant stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have shown tremendous promise in drug delivery applications, owing to their ability to enhance the bioavailability of drugs at the disease site. In such systems, drug release is controlled in response to specific stimuli, either exogenous or endogenous. This review reports recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery in cancer therapy. In particular, the synthetic methodologies investigated to date to introduce different types of stimuli-responsive elements within the biomaterials are described. The sufficient understanding of these stimuli-responsive nanocarriers will allow the development of a better drug delivery system that will allow us to solve the challenges encountered in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosa Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
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Tucci ST, Kheirolomoom A, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Foiret J, Hubbard NE, Borowsky AD, Baikoghli M, Cheng RH, Ferrara KW. Tumor-specific delivery of gemcitabine with activatable liposomes. J Control Release 2019; 309:277-288. [PMID: 31301340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine delivery to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is limited by poor pharmacokinetics, dense fibrosis and hypo-vascularization. Activatable liposomes, with drug release resulting from local heating, enhance serum stability and circulation, and the released drug retains the ability to diffuse within the tumor. A limitation of liposomal gemcitabine has been the low loading efficiency. To address this limitation, we used the superior solubilizing potential of copper (II) gluconate to form a complex with gemcitabine at copper:gemcitabine (1:4). Thermosensitive liposomes composed of DPPC:DSPC:DSPE-PEG2k (80:15:5, mole%) then reached 12 wt% loading, 4-fold greater than previously reported values. Cryo transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a liquid crystalline gemcitabine‑copper mixture. The optimized gemcitabine liposomes released 60% and 80% of the gemcitabine within 1 and 5 min, respectively, at 42 °C. Liposomal encapsulation resulted in a circulation half-life of ~2 h in vivo (compared to reported circulation of 16 min for free gemcitabine in mice), and free drug was not detected within the plasma. The resulting gemcitabine liposomes were efficacious against both murine breast cancer and pancreatic cancer in vitro. Three repeated treatments of activatable gemcitabine liposomes plus ultrasound hyperthermia regressed or eliminated tumors in the neu deletion model of murine breast cancer with limited toxicity, enhancing survival when compared to treatment with gemcitabine alone. With 5% of the free gemcitabine dose (5 rather than 100 mg/kg), tumor growth was suppressed to the same degree as gemcitabine. Additionally, in a more aggressive tumor model of murine pancreatic cancer, liposomal gemcitabine combined with local hyperthermia induced cell death and regions of apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha T Tucci
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Stanford University, Department of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Neil E Hubbard
- University of California, Davis, Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- University of California, Davis, Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - R Holland Cheng
- University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Tunsirikongkon A, Pyo YC, Kim DH, Lee SE, Park JS. Optimization of Polyarginine-Conjugated PEG Lipid Grafted Proliposome Formulation for Enhanced Cellular Association of a Protein Drug. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060272. [PMID: 31212607 PMCID: PMC6630419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an oral proliposomal powder of protein using poly-l-arginine-conjugated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG) (PLD) for enhancing cellular association upon reconstitution and to compare its effects with a non-grafted and PEGylated formulation. Cationic proliposome (CATL), PLD-grafted CATL (PLD-CATL), PEGylated CATL (PEG CATL), and PLD grafted-PEG CATL (PLD-PEG CATL) were prepared and compared. Successful conjugation between poly-l-arginine and DSPE-PEG was confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR. PLD was successfully grafted onto the proliposomal powder during the slurry process. Although reconstituted liposomal sizes of CATL and PLD-CATL were increased by agglomeration, PEGylation reduced the agglomeration and increased the encapsulation. The viabilities of cells treated with both CATL and PLD-CATL formulations were low but increased following PEGylation. With regard to cellular association, PLD-CATL enhanced cellular association/uptake more rapidly than did CATL. Upon PEGylation, PEG CATL showed a lower level of cellular association/uptake compared with CATL while PLD-PEG CATL did not exhibit the rapid cellular association/uptake as seen with PLD-CATL. However, PLD-PEG CATL still enhanced the higher cellular association/uptake than PEG CATL did without PLD. In conclusion, proliposomes with PLD could accelerate cellular association/uptake but also caused high cellular toxicity. PEGylation reduced cellular toxicity and also changed the cellular association pattern of the PLD formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amolnat Tunsirikongkon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Yong-Chul Pyo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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16
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Wang Z, Deng X, Ding J, Zhou W, Zheng X, Tang G. Mechanisms of drug release in pH-sensitive micelles for tumour targeted drug delivery system: A review. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:253-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Mulla JA, Mabrouk M, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Chejara DR, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Development of respirable rifampicin-loaded nano-lipomer composites by microemulsion-spray drying for pulmonary delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Lee Y, Thompson DH. Stimuli-responsive liposomes for drug delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 9:10.1002/wnan.1450. [PMID: 28198148 PMCID: PMC5557698 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of drug delivery is to increase the bioavailability and reduce the toxic side effects of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by releasing them at a specific site of action. In the case of antitumor therapy, association of the therapeutic agent with a carrier system can minimize damage to healthy, nontarget tissues, while limit systemic release and promoting long circulation to enhance uptake at the cancerous site due to the enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR). Stimuli-responsive systems have become a promising way to deliver and release payloads in a site-selective manner. Potential carrier systems have been derived from a wide variety of materials, including inorganic nanoparticles, lipids, and polymers that have been imbued with stimuli-sensitive properties to accomplish triggered release based on an environmental cue. The unique features in the tumor microenvironment can serve as an endogenous stimulus (pH, redox potential, or unique enzymatic activity) or the locus of an applied external stimulus (heat or light) to trigger the controlled release of API. In liposomal carrier systems triggered release is generally based on the principle of membrane destabilization from local defects within bilayer membranes to effect release of liposome-entrapped drugs. This review focuses on the literature appearing between November 2008-February 2016 that reports new developments in stimuli-sensitive liposomal drug delivery strategies using pH change, enzyme transformation, redox reactions, and photochemical mechanisms of activation. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1450. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1450 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - D H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Zakeri-Milani P, Mussa Farkhani S, Shirani A, Mohammadi S, Shahbazi Mojarrad J, Akbari J, Valizadeh H. Cellular uptake and anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine conjugated with new amphiphilic cell penetrating peptides. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:650-662. [PMID: 28694765 PMCID: PMC5491906 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (Gem) is used as a single agent or in combination with other anticancer agents to treat many types of solid tumors. However, it has many limitations such as a short plasma half-life, dose-limiting toxicities and drug resistance. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides which may deliver a large variety of cargo molecules into the cancerous cells. The current study was designed to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of gemcitabine chemically conjugated to CPPs. The peptides were synthesized using solid phase synthesis procedure. The uptake efficiency of CPPs into cells was examined by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. The synthesized peptides were chemically conjugated to Gem and the in vitro cytotoxicity of conjugates was tested by MTT assay on A594 cell line. According to the obtained results, cellular uptake was increased with increasing the concentration of CPPs. On the other hand the coupling of Gem with peptides containing block sequence of arginine (R5W3R4) and some alternating sequences (i.e. [RW]6 and [RW]3) exhibited improved antitumor activity of the drug. The findings in this study support the advantages of using cell-penetrating peptides for improving intracellular delivery of Gem into tumor as well as its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Mussa Farkhani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shirani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mohammadi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Shahbazi Mojarrad
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Wang Y, Li J, Chen JJ, Gao X, Huang Z, Shen Q. Multifunctional Nanoparticles Loading with Docetaxel and GDC0941 for Reversing Multidrug Resistance Mediated by PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1120-1132. [PMID: 28291364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The polylactic-co-glycolic acid polyethylene glycol conjugated with cell penetrating peptide R7 (PLGA-PEG-R7)/polysulfadimethoxine-folate nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel (DTX) and GDC0941 (R7/PSD-Fol NPs) were prepared to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) and enhance the antitumor activity. First, polysulfadimethoxine-folate was synthesized to construct the R7/PSD-Fol NPs. The R7/PSD-Fol NPs were prepared with the abilities of effective entrapment and drug loading. Due to the pH-sensitive effect of PSD-folate, the releasing of DTX and GDC0941 from the R7/PSD-Fol NPs was lower in pH 7.4 buffer solution than that in pH 5.0 buffer solution. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MCF-7 and resistant to doxorubicin (MCF-7/Adr) cells illustrated the cytotoxicity of R7/PSD-Fol nanoparticles by using the MTT method. The uptake of R7/PSD-Fol NPs was visualized by using the fluorescence of Rh-123 to detect the targeting effect of folate on the surface of R7/PSD-Fol NPs. The results of the cell apoptosis and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were adopted to show the cytotoxicity of the R7/PSD-Fol NPs on MCF-7/Adr cells. The Western blot revealed the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in MCF-7/Adr cells induced by R7/PSD-Fol NPs. Finally, both in vivo distribution and in vivo antitumor showed the R7/PSD-Fol NPs displayed the better distribution at tumor site and the stronger suppression of tumor growth in the tumor bearing nude mice compared with control group. It was concluded that R7/PSD-Fol NPs loaded with DTX and GDC0941 could overcome MDR and enhance the antitumor effect further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Karimi M, Eslami M, Sahandi-Zangabad P, Mirab F, Farajisafiloo N, Shafaei Z, Ghosh D, Bozorgomid M, Dashkhaneh F, Hamblin MR. pH-Sensitive stimulus-responsive nanocarriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:696-716. [PMID: 26762467 PMCID: PMC4945487 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years miscellaneous smart micro/nanosystems that respond to various exogenous/endogenous stimuli including temperature, magnetic/electric field, mechanical force, ultrasound/light irradiation, redox potentials, and biomolecule concentration have been developed for targeted delivery and release of encapsulated therapeutic agents such as drugs, genes, proteins, and metal ions specifically at their required site of action. Owing to physiological differences between malignant and normal cells, or between tumors and normal tissues, pH-sensitive nanosystems represent promising smart delivery vehicles for transport and delivery of anticancer agents. Furthermore, pH-sensitive systems possess applications in delivery of metal ions and biomolecules such as proteins, insulin, etc., as well as co-delivery of cargos, dual pH-sensitive nanocarriers, dual/multi stimuli-responsive nanosystems, and even in the search for new solutions for therapy of diseases such as Alzheimer's. In order to design an optimized system, it is necessary to understand the various pH-responsive micro/nanoparticles and the different mechanisms of pH-sensitive drug release. This should be accompanied by an assessment of the theoretical and practical challenges in the design and use of these carriers. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:696-716. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1389 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Eslami
- Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Sahandi-Zangabad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mirab
- Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Farajisafiloo
- Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafaei
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deepanjan Ghosh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran university of Medical science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bozorgomid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Central Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Dashkhaneh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran university of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Guo X, Wang L, Wei X, Zhou S. Polymer-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
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23
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Qu X, Yang Z. Benzoic-Imine-Based Physiological-pH-Responsive Materials for Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2633-2641. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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24
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A pH-sensitive stearoyl-PEG-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine)-decorated liposome system for protein delivery: An application for bladder cancer treatment. J Control Release 2016; 238:31-42. [PMID: 27444816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stealth pH-responsive liposomes for the delivery of therapeutic proteins to the bladder epithelium were prepared using methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)5kDa-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (mPEG5kDa-DSPE) and stearoyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) copolymer (stearoyl-PEG-polySDM), which possesses an apparent pKa of 7.2. Liposomes of 0.2:0.6:100, 0.5:1.5:100 and 1:3:100 mPEG5kDa-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/(soybean phosphatidylcholine+cholesterol) molar ratios were loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein model. The loading capacity was 1.3% w/w BSA/lipid. At pH7.4, all liposome formulations displayed a negative zeta-potential and were stable for several days. By pH decrease or addition to mouse urine, the zeta potential strongly decreased, and the liposomes underwent a rapid size increase and aggregation. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the extent of the aggregation depended on the stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipid molar ratio. Cytofluorimetric analysis and confocal microscopy showed that at pH6.5, the incubation of MB49 mouse bladder cancer cells and macrophages with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled-BSA (FITC-BSA) loaded and N-(Lissamine Rhodamine B sulfonyl)-1, 2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine triethylammonium salt (rhodamine-DHPE) labelled 1:3:100 mPEG5kDa-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipid molar ratio liposomes resulted in a time-dependent liposome association with the cells. At pH7.4, the association of BSA-loaded liposomes with the MB49 cells and macrophages was remarkably lower than at pH6.5. Confocal images of bladder sections revealed that 2h after the instillation, liposomes at pH7.4 and control non-responsive liposomes at pH7.4 or 6.5 did not associate nor delivered FITC-BSA to the bladder epithelium. On the contrary, the pH-responsive liposome formulation set at pH6.5 and soon administered to mice by bladder instillation showed that, 2h after administration, the pH-responsive liposomes efficiently delivered the loaded FITC-BSA to the bladder epithelium.
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25
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Itakura S, Hama S, Matsui R, Kogure K. Effective cytoplasmic release of siRNA from liposomal carriers by controlling the electrostatic interaction of siRNA with a charge-invertible peptide, in response to cytoplasmic pH. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10649-10658. [PMID: 27145993 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Condensing siRNA with cationic polymers is a major strategy used in the development of siRNA carriers that can avoid degradation by nucleases and achieve effective delivery of siRNA into the cytoplasm. However, ineffective release of siRNA from such condensed forms into the cytoplasm is a limiting step for induction of RNAi effects, and can be attributed to tight condensation of siRNA with the cationic polymers, due to potent electrostatic interactions. Here, we report that siRNA condensed with a slightly acidic pH-sensitive peptide (SAPSP), whose total charge is inverted from positive to negative in response to cytoplasmic pH, is effectively released via electrostatic repulsion of siRNA with negatively charged SAPSP at cytoplasmic pH (7.4). The condensed complex of siRNA and positively-charged SAPSP at acidic pH (siRNA/SAPSP) was found to result in almost complete release of siRNA upon charge inversion of SAPSP at pH 7.4, with the resultant negatively-charged SAPSP having no undesirable interactions with endogenous mRNA. Moreover, liposomes encapsulating siRNA/SAPSP demonstrated knockdown efficiencies comparable to those of commercially available siRNA carriers. Taken together, SAPSP may be very useful as a siRNA condenser, as it facilitates effective cytoplasmic release of siRNA, and subsequent induction of specific RNAi effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Itakura
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Susumu Hama
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Ryo Matsui
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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26
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Draffehn S, Kumke MU. Monitoring the Collapse of pH-Sensitive Liposomal Nanocarriers and Environmental pH Simultaneously: A Fluorescence-Based Approach. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1608-17. [PMID: 27050158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the encapsulation of therapeutic compounds in so-called carrier systems is a very smart method to achieve protection as well as an improvement of their temporal and spatial distribution. After the successful transport to the point of care, the delivery has to be released under controlled conditions. To monitor the triggered release from the carrier, we investigated different fluorescent probes regarding their response to the pH-induced collapse of pH-sensitive liposomes (pHSLip), which occurs when the environmental pH falls below a critical value. Depending on the probe, the fluorescence decay time as well as fluorescence anisotropy can be used equally as key parameters for monitoring the collapse. Especially the application of a fluorescein labeled fatty acid (fPA) enabled the monitoring of the pHSLips collapse and the pH of its microenvironment simultaneously without interference. Varying the pH in the range of 3 < pH < 9, anisotropy data revealed the critical pH value at which the collapse of the pHSLips occurs. Complementary methods, e.g., fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering, supported the analysis based on the decay time and anisotropy. Additional experiments with varying incubation times yielded information on the kinetics of the liposomal collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Draffehn
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael U Kumke
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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27
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Mechanisms and biomaterials in pH-responsive tumour targeted drug delivery: A review. Biomaterials 2016; 85:152-67. [PMID: 26871891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the mainstay in the treatment of various cancers, chemotherapy plays a vital role, but still faces many challenges, such as poor tumour selectivity and multidrug resistance (MDR). Targeted drug delivery using nanotechnology has provided a new strategy for addressing the limitations of the conventional chemotherapy. In the last decade, the volume of research published in this area has increased tremendously, especially with functional nano drug delivery systems (nanocarriers). Coupling a specific stimuli-triggered drug release mechanism with these delivery systems is one of the most prevalent approaches for improving therapeutic outcomes. Among the various stimuli, pH triggered delivery is regarded as the most general strategy, targeting the acidic extracellular microenvironment and intracellular organelles of solid tumours. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of pH-sensitive nanocarriers for tumour-targeted drug delivery. The review focuses on the chemical design of pH-sensitive biomaterials, which are used to fabricate nanocarriers for extracellular and/or intracellular tumour site-specific drug release. The pH-responsive biomaterials bring forth conformational changes in these nanocarriers through various mechanisms such as protonation, charge reversal or cleavage of a chemical bond, facilitating tumour specific cell uptake or drug release. A greater understanding of these mechanisms will help to design more efficient drug delivery systems to address the challenges encountered in conventional chemotherapy.
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28
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Chen Q, Ding H, Zhou J, Zhao X, Zhang J, Yang C, Li K, Qiao M, Hu H, Ding P, Zhao X. Novel glycyrrhetinic acid conjugated pH-sensitive liposomes for the delivery of doxorubicin and its antitumor activities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pH-sensitive conjugate glycyrrhetinic acid–polyethylene glycol–Schiff bond–cholesterol (GPSC) has been synthesized successfully and used to construct doxorubicin-loaded liposomes with both pH-sensitive features and active targeting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- P.R. China
| | - Jinxing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Zhao
- Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
- Mudanjiang
- P.R. China
| | - Jiulong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College Pharmacy of Jiamusi University
- Jiamusi
- P.R. China
| | - Kexin Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Mingxi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
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29
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Linton SS, Sherwood SG, Drews KC, Kester M. Targeting cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment: opportunities and challenges in combinatorial nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:208-22. [PMID: 26153136 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapies of the future will rely on synergy between drugs delivered in combination to achieve both maximum efficacy and decreased toxicity. Nanoscale drug delivery vehicles composed of highly tunable nanomaterials ('nanocarriers') represent the most promising approach to achieve simultaneous, cell-selective delivery of synergistic ratios of combinations of drugs within solid tumors. Nanocarriers are currently being used to co-encapsulate and deliver synergistic ratios of multiple anticancer drugs to target cells within solid tumors. Investigators exploit the unique environment associated with solid tumors, termed the tumor microenvironment (TME), to make 'smart' nanocarriers. These sophisticated nanocarriers exploit the pathological conditions in the TME, thereby creating highly targeted nanocarriers that release their drug payload in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. The translational and commercial potential of nanocarrier-based combinatorial nanomedicines in cancer therapy is now a reality as several companies have initiated human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Linton
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Samantha G Sherwood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kelly C Drews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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30
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Tila D, Ghasemi S, Yazdani-Arazi SN, Ghanbarzadeh S. Functional liposomes in the cancer-targeted drug delivery. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:3-16. [PMID: 25823898 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215578111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the most severe health problems and is currently the third most common cause of death in the world after heart and infectious diseases. Novel therapies are constantly being discovered, developed and trialed. Many of the current anticancer agents exhibit non-ideal pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties and are distributed non-specifically throughout the body. This results in death of the both normal healthy and malignant cells and substantially leads to accruing a variety of serious toxic side effects. Therefore, the efficient systemic therapy of cancer is almost impossible due to harmful side effects of anticancer agents to the healthy organs and tissues. Furthermore, several problems such as low bioavailability of the drugs, low drug concentrations at the site of action, lack of drug specificity and drug-resistance also cause many restrictions on clinical applications of these drugs in the tumor therapy. Different types of the liposomal formulations have been used in medicine due to their distinctive advantages associated with their structural flexibility in the encapsulation of various agents with different physicochemical properties. They can also mediate delivery of the cargo to the appropriate cell type and subcellular compartment, reducing the effective dosage and possible side effects which are related to high systemic concentrations. Therefore, these novel systems were found very promising and encouraging dosage forms for the treatment of different types of cancer by increasing efficiency and reducing the systemic toxicity due to the specific drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Tila
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Movahedi F, Hu RG, Becker DL, Xu C. Stimuli-responsive liposomes for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1575-84. [PMID: 25819885 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nucleic acid therapeutics (NATs) are valuable tools in the modulation of gene expression in a highly specific manner. So far, NATs have been actively pursued in both pre-clinical and clinical studies to treat diseases such as cancer, infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, the clinical application of NATs remains a considerable challenge owing to their limited cellular uptake, low biological stability, off-target effect, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. One concept to address these issues is to deliver NATs within stimuli-responsive liposomes, which release their contents of NATs upon encountering environmental changes such as temperature, pH, and ion strength. In this case, before reaching the targeted tissue/organ, NATs are protected from degradation by enzymes and immune system. Once at the area of interest, localized and targeted delivery can be achieved with minimal influence to other parts of the body. Here, we discuss the latest developments and existing challenges in this field. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Nucleic acid therapeutics have been shown to enhance or eliminate specific gene expression in experimental research. Unfortunately, clinical applications have so far not been realized due to problems of easy degradation and possible toxicity. The use of nanosized carriers such as liposomes to deliver nucleic acids is one solution to overcome these problems. In this review article the authors describe and discuss the potentials of various trigger-responsive "smart" liposomes, with a view to help other researchers to design better liposomal nucleic acid delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Movahedi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rebecca G Hu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - David L Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Xu H, Paxton JW, Wu Z. Enhanced pH-Responsiveness, Cellular Trafficking, Cytotoxicity and Long-circulation of PEGylated Liposomes with Post-insertion Technique Using Gemcitabine as a Model Drug. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2428-38. [PMID: 25663325 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The in vitro and in vivo properties of PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes (PSL) prepared by pre- and post-insertion techniques were investigated. METHODS A pre-insertion or post-insertion technique was used for PSL PEGylation. For the first time, confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with a modified calcein self-quench assay was applied to evaluate the endosome escape capability. PSL cellular uptake was evaluated using macrophages and the cytotoxicity using a gemcitabine (model drug)-resistant MIA PaCa-2 cells. The pharmacokinetics of PSL encapsulated gemcitabine was investigated in rats. RESULTS PEGylation reduced the pH-sensitivity in a concentration-dependent manner (0.5-5% mol). Both PEGylation methods reduced the uptake of PSL by macrophages by over 60%. Cytotoxicity was ranked in the order: post-inserted PSL ≥ pre-inserted PSL > non-PSL > gemcitabine solution, consistent with the confocal microscopic observation and pH-sensitivity. Both pre and post-inserted PSL resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.05) in plasma clearance (58.6 and 38.4 ml/h/kg), increases in the area-under-the-concentration-time curve (56.9 and 87.1 μM · h) and half-life (6.1 and 6.2 h) compared to gemcitabine solution (152.9 ml/h/kg, 22.2 μM · h and 1.4 h). CONCLUSION PEGylation by post-insertion offers advantages over pre-insertion to obtain PSL with enhanced pH-sensitivity, more effective intra-cytoplasmic delivery, and a superior pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Zhang H, Fan X, Li F, Suo R, Li H, Yang Z, Zhang W, Bai Y, Tian W. Thermo and pH dual-controlled charge reversal amphiphilic graft copolymer micelles for overcoming drug resistance in cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4585-4596. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00530b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel thermo and pH dual-controlled charge reversal PSMA89-g-P(DMA16-co-SD56) graft copolymer micelle was developed with effectively enhanced cellular uptake for overcoming multi-drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Rongtian Suo
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Hui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Zhen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Yang Bai
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
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