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Ahuja N, Gupta S, Arora R, Bhagyaraj E, Tiwari D, Kumar S, Gupta P. Nr1h4 and Thrb ameliorate ER stress and provide protection in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302416. [PMID: 38609183 PMCID: PMC11015051 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated ER stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of several disease conditions including neurodegeneration. In this study, we have holistically determined the differential expression of all the nuclear receptors (NRs) in the presence of classical ER stress inducers. Activation of Nr1h4 and Thrb by their cognate ligands (GW4064 and T3) ameliorates the tunicamycin (TM)-induced expression of ER stress genes. A combination of both ligands is effective in mitigating cell death induced by TM. Further exploration of their protective effects in the Parkinson's disease (PD) model shows that they reduce MPP+-induced dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS generation in an in vitro PD model in neuronal cells. Furthermore, the generation of an experimental murine PD model reveals that simultaneous treatment of GW4064 and T3 protects mice from ER stress, dopaminergic cell death, and functional deficits in the MPTP mouse model of PD. Thus, activation of Nr1h4 and Thrb by their respective ligands plays an indispensable role in ER stress amelioration and mounts protective effects in the MPTP mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ahuja
- https://ror.org/055rjs771 Department of Molecular Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- https://ror.org/055rjs771 Department of Molecular Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- https://ror.org/055rjs771 Department of Molecular Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- https://ror.org/053rcsq61 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- https://ror.org/055rjs771 Department of Molecular Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- https://ror.org/055rjs771 Department of Molecular Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- https://ror.org/055rjs771 Department of Molecular Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- https://ror.org/055rjs771 Department of Molecular Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- https://ror.org/053rcsq61 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Meerman JJ, Legler J, Piersma AH, Westerink RHS, Heusinkveld HJ. An adverse outcome pathway for chemical-induced Parkinson's disease: Calcium is key. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:226-243. [PMID: 37926220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, rodent-based risk assessment studies cannot adequately capture neurodegenerative effects of pesticides due to a lack of human-relevant endpoints targeted at neurodegeneration. Thus, there is a need for improvement of the risk assessment guidelines. Specifically, a mechanistic assessment strategy, based on human physiology and (patho)biology is needed, which can be applied in next generation risk assessment. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is particularly well-suited to provide the mechanistic basis for such a strategy. Here, we conducted a semi-systematic review in Embase and MEDLINE, focused on neurodegeneration and pesticides, to develop an AOP network for parkinsonian motor symptoms. Articles were labelled and included/excluded using the online platform Sysrev. Only primary articles, written in English, focused on effects of pesticides or PD model compounds in models for the brain were included. A total of 66 articles, out of the 1700 screened, was included. PD symptoms are caused by loss of function and ultimately death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Our literature review highlights that a unique feature of these cells that increases their vulnerability is their reliance on continuous low-level influx of calcium. As such, excess intracellular calcium was identified as a central early Key Event (KE). This KE can lead to death of dopaminergic neurons of the SN, and eventually parkinsonian motor symptoms, via four distinct pathways: 1) activation of calpains, 2) endoplasmic reticulum stress, 3) impairment of protein degradation, and 4) oxidative damage. Several receptors have been identified that may serve as molecular initiating events (MIEs) to trigger one or more of these pathways. The proposed AOP network provides the biological basis that can be used to develop a mechanistic testing strategy that captures neurodegenerative effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Meerman
- Centre for Health Protection, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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Carta G, van der Stel W, Scuric EWJ, Capinha L, Delp J, Bennekou SH, Forsby A, Walker P, Leist M, van de Water B, Jennings P. Transcriptional landscape of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition in renal cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:3031-3059. [PMID: 37353587 PMCID: PMC10693540 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the transcriptomic alterations upon chemical challenge, provides in depth mechanistic information on the compound's toxic mode of action, by revealing specific pathway activation and other transcriptional modulations. Mapping changes in cellular behaviour to chemical insult, facilitates the characterisation of chemical hazard. In this study, we assessed the transcriptional landscape of mitochondrial impairment through the inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC) in a human renal proximal tubular cell line (RPTEC/TERT1). We identified the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR), particularly the PERK/ATF4 branch as a common cellular response across ETC I, II and III inhibitions. This finding and the specific genes elaborated may aid the identification of mitochondrial liabilities of chemicals in both legacy data and prospective transcriptomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Emma W J Scuric
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liliana Capinha
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Delp
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department inaugurated by the Doerenkamp‑Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department inaugurated by the Doerenkamp‑Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Amina E. Essawy, Matta CA, Nabil B, Elkader HTAEA, Alhasani RH, Soffar AA. Neuroprotective Effect of Curcumin on the Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Induced by Rotenone via Modulating Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Dopa Decarboxylase Expression Levels. NEUROCHEM J+ 2023; 17:457-466. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712423030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Exploring the Role of ACE2 as a Connecting Link between COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020536. [PMID: 36836893 PMCID: PMC9961012 DOI: 10.3390/life13020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently accompanied by neurological manifestations such as headache, delirium, and epileptic seizures, whereas ageusia and anosmia may appear before respiratory symptoms. Among the various neurological COVID-19-related comorbidities, Parkinson's disease (PD) has gained increasing attention. Some cases of PD disease have been linked to COVID-19, and both motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients frequently worsen following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although it is still unclear whether PD increases the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or whether COVID-19 increases the risk of or unmasks future cases of PD, emerging evidence sheds more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two diseases. Among them, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a significant component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), seems to play a pivotal role. ACE2 is required for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host cells, and ACE2 dysregulation is implicated in the severity of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ACE2 imbalance is implicated in core shared pathophysiological mechanisms between PD and COVID-19, including aberrant inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. ACE2 may also be implicated in alpha-synuclein-induced dopaminergic degeneration, gut-brain axis dysregulation, blood-brain axis disruption, autonomic dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and hyposmia, which are key features of PD.
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Ehrlich A, Ioannidis K, Nasar M, Abu Alkian I, Daskal Y, Atari N, Kliker L, Rainy N, Hofree M, Shafran Tikva S, Houri I, Cicero A, Pavanello C, Sirtori CR, Cohen JB, Chirinos JA, Deutsch L, Cohen M, Gottlieb A, Bar-Chaim A, Shibolet O, Mandelboim M, Maayan SL, Nahmias Y. Efficacy and safety of metabolic interventions for the treatment of severe COVID-19: in vitro, observational, and non-randomized open-label interventional study. eLife 2023; 12:79946. [PMID: 36705566 PMCID: PMC9937660 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral infection is associated with a significant rewire of the host metabolic pathways, presenting attractive metabolic targets for intervention. Methods We chart the metabolic response of lung epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary cultures and COVID-19 patient samples and perform in vitro metabolism-focused drug screen on primary lung epithelial cells infected with different strains of the virus. We perform observational analysis of Israeli patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 and comparative epidemiological analysis from cohorts in Italy and the Veteran's Health Administration in the United States. In addition, we perform a prospective non-randomized interventional open-label study in which 15 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 were given 145 mg/day of nanocrystallized fenofibrate added to the standard of care. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection produced transcriptional changes associated with increased glycolysis and lipid accumulation. Metabolism-focused drug screen showed that fenofibrate reversed lipid accumulation and blocked SARS-CoV-2 replication through a PPARα-dependent mechanism in both alpha and delta variants. Analysis of 3233 Israeli patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 supported in vitro findings. Patients taking fibrates showed significantly lower markers of immunoinflammation and faster recovery. Additional corroboration was received by comparative epidemiological analysis from cohorts in Europe and the United States. A subsequent prospective non-randomized interventional open-label study was carried out on 15 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. The patients were treated with 145 mg/day of nanocrystallized fenofibrate in addition to standard-of-care. Patients receiving fenofibrate demonstrated a rapid reduction in inflammation and a significantly faster recovery compared to patients admitted during the same period. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that pharmacological modulation of PPARα should be strongly considered as a potential therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection and emphasizes the need to complete the study of fenofibrate in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Funding Funding was provided by European Research Council Consolidator Grants OCLD (project no. 681870) and generous gifts from the Nikoh Foundation and the Sam and Rina Frankel Foundation (YN). The interventional study was supported by Abbott (project FENOC0003). Clinical trial number NCT04661930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Ehrlich
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Makram Nasar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | | | - Yuval Daskal
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Nir Rainy
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sigal Shafran Tikva
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
- Hadassah Research and Innovation CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of School of Life and Health Sciences, The Jerusalem College of Technology Lev Academic CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Inbal Houri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Arrigo Cicero
- IRCSS S.Orsola-Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Centro Dislipidemie, Niguarda HospitalMilanoItaly
| | | | - Jordana B Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | | | - Merav Cohen
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Amichai Gottlieb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | - Adina Bar-Chaim
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Shlomo L Maayan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Pharmacological Utility of PPAR Modulation for Angiogenesis in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032345. [PMID: 36768666 PMCID: PMC9916802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and are also supposed to reduce inflammation and atherosclerosis. All PPARs are involved in angiogenesis, a process critically involved in cardiovascular pathology. Synthetic specific agonists exist for all PPARs. PPARα agonists (fibrates) are used to treat dyslipidemia by decreasing triglyceride and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. PPARγ agonists (thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving insulin sensitivity. PPARα/γ (dual) agonists are supposed to treat both pathological conditions at once. In contrast, PPARβ/δ agonists are not in clinical use. Although activators of PPARs were initially considered to have favorable effects on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, their cardiovascular safety is controversial. Here, we discuss the implications of PPARs in vascular biology regarding cardiac pathology and focus on the outcomes of clinical studies evaluating their benefits in cardiovascular diseases.
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Deka D, D'Incà R, Sturniolo GC, Das A, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Role of ER Stress Mediated Unfolded Protein Responses and ER Stress Inhibitors in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5392-5406. [PMID: 35318552 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have increased the knowledge about the pathological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases. Besides the complex organization of immune reactions, the mucosal epithelial lining has been recognized as a crucial regulator in the commencement and persistence of intestinal inflammation. As the intestinal epithelium is exposed to various environmental factors, the intestinal epithelial cells are confronted with diverse cellular stress conditions. In eukaryotic cells, an imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) might cause aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of ER, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum stress. This cellular mechanism stimulates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which elevates the potential of the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding, improves protein production and its maturation, and also stimulates ER-associated protein degradation. Current analyses reported that in the epithelium, the ER stress might cause the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the synthesis of protein, inducing the apoptosis of the epithelial cell and stimulating the proinflammatory reactions in the gut. There have been significant efforts to develop small molecules or molecular chaperones that will be potent in ameliorating ER stress. The restoration of UPR balance in the endoplasmic reticulum via pharmacological intervention might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This review provides novel insights into the role of chemical chaperone UPR modulators to modify ER stress levels. We further discuss the future directions/challenges in the development of therapeutic strategies for IBDs by targeting the ER stress. Figure depicting the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory bowel disease and the therapeutic role of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors in alleviating the diseased condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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Chen L, Bi M, Zhang Z, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. The functions of IRE1α in neurodegenerative diseases: Beyond ER stress. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101774. [PMID: 36332756 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) is a type I transmembrane protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). IRE1α, which is the primary sensor of ER stress, has been proven to maintain intracellular protein homeostasis by activating X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Further studies have revealed novel physiological functions of the IRE1α, such as its roles in mRNA and protein degradation, inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and cell death. Therefore, the function of IRE1α is not limited to its role in ER stress; IRE1α is also important for regulating other processes related to cellular physiology. Furthermore, IRE1α plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the phosphorylation of Tau protein, the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and the toxic effects of mutant Huntingtin (mHtt). Therefore, targeting IRE1α is a valuable approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases and regulating cell functions. This review discusses the role of IRE1α in different cellular processes, and emphasizes the importance of IRE1α in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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O'Brien JT, Chouliaras L, Sultana J, Taylor JP, Ballard C. RENEWAL: REpurposing study to find NEW compounds with Activity for Lewy body dementia-an international Delphi consensus. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:169. [PMID: 36369100 PMCID: PMC9650797 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning and repurposing has proved useful in identifying new treatments for many diseases, which can then rapidly be brought into clinical practice. Currently, there are few effective pharmacological treatments for Lewy body dementia (which includes both dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia) apart from cholinesterase inhibitors. We reviewed several promising compounds that might potentially be disease-modifying agents for Lewy body dementia and then undertook an International Delphi consensus study to prioritise compounds. We identified ambroxol as the top ranked agent for repurposing and identified a further six agents from the classes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and angiotensin receptor blockers that were rated by the majority of our expert panel as justifying a clinical trial. It would now be timely to take forward all these compounds to Phase II or III clinical trials in Lewy body dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Leonidas Chouliaras
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet Sultana
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Omarigliptin attenuates rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Possible role of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and immune modulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113015. [PMID: 35439590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effect of omarigliptin (OG), an antidiabetic drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), in a Parkinson's disease (PD) rotenone-based rat-model. Results showed that OG attenuated motor impairment, histological aberrations, α-synuclein accumulation, and rescued the dopaminergic neurons in rotenone-administered rats. Furthermore, OG halted rotenone-induced oxidative stress; as shown by reduced lipid peroxidation, decline in the oxidative stress sensor (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and its downstream heme oxygenase-1. In addition, OG abrogated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in rotenone-treated rats. Moreover, OG ameliorated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rotenone-administered rats; as evidenced by reduced levels of ER resident proteins such as glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and apoptotic caspase-12. In conclusion, this study implies repurposing of OG, as a novel neuroprotective agent due to its antioxidant properties, its effects on ER stress in addition to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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12
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Xiang Y, Wang L, Wei Y, Zhang H, Emu Q. Excessive manganese alters serum biochemical indices, induces histopathological alterations, and activates apoptosis in liver and cerebrum of Jianzhou Da'er goat (Capra hircus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109241. [PMID: 34752896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the toxic effects of excessive dietary Mn in livers and cerebrums of Jianzhou Da'er goat (Capra hircus). Three-month old goats were assigned into three groups: control group, fed on basal diet; Mn I group, fed on the basal diet mixed with MnCl2 (2.5 g/kg); Mn II group, fed on the basal diet mixed with MnCl2 (5 g/kg). Compared with the control group, the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Mn I and Mn II groups were significantly increased, but the concentrations of IgG in Mn I and Mn II groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in Mn I and Mn II groups were significantly decreased, whereas the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Mn I and Mn II groups were significantly increased in livers and cerebrums (p < 0.05). Moreover, the hepatocytes necrosed, inflammatory cells infiltrated, chromatin concentrated, mitochondrial cristae reduced in Mn I and Mn II groups. The nerve cells necrosed, blood vessels congested, inflammatory cells infiltrated, mitochondrial electron density and mitochondrial cristae decreased, and vacuolization increased in Mn I and Mn II groups. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR1), fas-associated protein via a death domain (FADD), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, 8, 9 (Caspase-3, 8, 9) in Mn I and Mn II groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the mRNA expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in Mn I and Mn II groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in livers. The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, 9, 7, 12 in Mn I and Mn II groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05), however, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in Mn I and Mn II groups was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in cerebrums. In summary, our results provided new insights for better understanding the mechanisms of Mn toxicity in Capra hircus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Wei
- Animal Science Academy of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quzhe Emu
- Animal Science Academy of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
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13
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Li Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Jin L, Yang L, Zhu J, Wang H, Zheng F, Cui H, Li X, Jia Y. Evodiamine suppresses the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway in vivo and in vitro. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221086079. [PMID: 35388733 PMCID: PMC9003648 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221086079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evodiamine (EVO) is one of the major components isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.). Recent studies have shown that EVO has an anti-cancer effect. However, the pharmacological mechanism by which EVO impacts cancer is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVES This study focused on asking the anti-cancer effect of EVO in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and in particular to investigate whether EVO acts via modulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mouse model was treated with low-dose EVO (5 mg/kg) and high-dose EVO (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 d. The effects of EVO on tumor growth, apoptosis, and ERS were assessed. In addition, NSCLC A549 and LLC cells were treated with EVO in vitro. The effects of EVO on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ERS were investigated. Finally, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ERS inhibitor, was used to validate whether EVO induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by modulating ERS. RESULTS EVO treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in LLC tumor-bearing mice. H&E staining indicated that EVO treatment reduced the number of tumor cells and the nucleo-plasmic ratio. Immunostaining showed that EVO treatment significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67. TUNEL staining revealed that EVO induced apoptosis in the tumor. Likewise, EVO treatment up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins and increased activation of the ERS pathway in the tumor. Additionally, EVO inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptotic rates in A549 and LLC cells. EVO also increased the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway in vitro. The effects of EVO on apoptosis were abolished by 4-PBA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that EVO suppresses the progression of NSCLC by modulating the ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,74770National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- 74770National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinli Zhu
- 74770National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, 12589Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- 74770National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- 74770National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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14
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Kang S, Piao Y, Kang YC, Lim S, Pak YK. DA-9805 protects dopaminergic neurons from endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112389. [PMID: 34775235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with damages to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), followed by neuroinflammation. We previously reported that a triple herbal extract DA-9805 in experimental PD toxin-models had neuroprotective effects by alleviating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated whether DA-9805 could suppress ER stress and neuroinflammation in vitro and/or in vivo. Pre-treatment with DA-9805 (1 μg/ml) attenuated upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with thapsigargin (1 µg/ml) or tunicamycin (2 µg/ml). In addition, DA-9805 prevented the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and nitric oxide through inhibition of NF-κB activation in BV2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) into mice can induce acute neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Oral administration of DA-9805 (10 or 30 mg/kg/day for 3 days before LPS injection) prevented loss of dopaminergic neurons and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra in LPS-injected mouse models. Taken together, these results indicate that DA-9805 can effectively prevent ER stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting that DA-9805 is a multitargeting and disease-modifying therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyeol Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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15
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Liu Y, Ding R, Xu Z, Xue Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li W, Li X. Roles and Mechanisms of the Protein Quality Control System in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:345. [PMID: 35008771 PMCID: PMC8745298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of senile plaques (SPs) and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs), as well as neuronal dysfunctions in the brain, but in fact, patients have shown a sustained disease progression for at least 10 to 15 years before these pathologic biomarkers can be detected. Consequently, as the most common chronic neurological disease in the elderly, the challenge of AD treatment is that it is short of effective biomarkers for early diagnosis. The protein quality control system is a collection of cellular pathways that can recognize damaged proteins and thereby modulate their turnover. Abundant evidence indicates that the accumulation of abnormal proteins in AD is closely related to the dysfunction of the protein quality control system. In particular, it is the synthesis, degradation, and removal of essential biological components that have already changed in the early stage of AD, which further encourages us to pay more attention to the protein quality control system. The review mainly focuses on the endoplasmic reticulum system (ERS), autophagy-lysosome system (ALS) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and deeply discusses the relationship between the protein quality control system and the abnormal proteins of AD, which can not only help us to understand how and why the complex regulatory system becomes malfunctional during AD progression, but also provide more novel therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
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16
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Recent Advances in the Endogenous Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Drugs Acting on It. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9293553. [PMID: 34925551 PMCID: PMC8651430 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9293553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is the part of the endocrine system that plays a prime role in the control of essential hypertension. Since the discovery of brain RAS in the seventies, continuous efforts have been put by the scientific committee to explore it more. The brain has shown the presence of various components of brain RAS such as angiotensinogen (AGT), converting enzymes, angiotensin (Ang), and specific receptors (ATR). AGT acts as the precursor molecule for Ang peptides—I, II, III, and IV—while the enzymes such as prorenin, ACE, and aminopeptidases A and N synthesize it. AT1, AT2, AT4, and mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR) are found to be plentiful in the brain. The brain RAS system exhibits pleiotropic properties such as neuroprotection and cognition along with regulation of blood pressure, CVS homeostasis, thirst and salt appetite, stress, depression, alcohol addiction, and pain modulation. The molecules acting through RAS predominantly ARBs and ACEI are found to be effective in various ongoing and completed clinical trials related to cognition, memory, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and pain. The review summarizes the recent advances in the brain RAS system highlighting its significance in pathophysiology and treatment of the central nervous system-related disorders.
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17
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Sunanda T, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Bhat A, Rashan L, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ, Essa MM, Sakharkar MK, Chidambaram SB. Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Brain Renin Angiotensin System Components. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111669. [PMID: 34827667 PMCID: PMC8615717 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have seen an increased emphasis on the involvement of the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) in various neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In PD, alterations in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and MAM functions affect the secretion and metabolism of proteins, causing an imbalance in calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress. These changes lead to alterations in the translocation of the MAM components, such as IP3R, VDAC, and MFN1 and 2, and consequently disrupt calcium homeostasis and cause misfolded proteins with impaired autophagy, distorted mitochondrial dynamics, and cell death. Various reports indicate the detrimental involvement of the brain renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we attempted to update the reports (using various search engines, such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier, and Springer Nature) demonstrating the pathogenic interactions between the various proteins present in mitochondria, ER, and MAM with respect to Parkinson’s disease. We also made an attempt to speculate the possible involvement of RAS and its components, i.e., AT1 and AT2 receptors, angiotensinogen, in this crosstalk and PD pathology. The review also collates and provides updated information on the role of MAM in calcium signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuladhar Sunanda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Luay Rashan
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Dohfar University, Salalah 2059, Oman;
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.K.S.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.S.); (S.B.C.)
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18
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Wan T, Fu M, Jiang Y, Jiang W, Li P, Zhou S. Research Progress on Mechanism of Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:205-217. [PMID: 34518975 PMCID: PMC8436866 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Currently, more than 50 million people live with dementia worldwide, and this number is expected to increase. Some of the typical pathological changes of AD include amyloid plaque, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and neuronal apoptosis. Apelin is a neuroprotective peptide that is widely expressed in the body. Among members of apelin family, apelin-13 is the most abundant with a high neuroprotective function. Apelin-13/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated proteins (APJ) system regulates several physiological and pathophysiological cell activities, such as apoptosis, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. It has also been shown to prevent AD development. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between apelin-13 and AD to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.,Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423043, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China. .,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
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19
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Bernardo A, Malara M, Bertuccini L, De Nuccio C, Visentin S, Minghetti L. The Antihypertensive Drug Telmisartan Protects Oligodendrocytes from Cholesterol Accumulation and Promotes Differentiation by a PPAR-γ-Mediated Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179434. [PMID: 34502342 PMCID: PMC8431237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists play a fundamental role in oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) differentiation, protecting them against oxidative and inflammatory damage. The antihypertensive drug Telmisartan (TLM) was shown to act as a PPAR-γ modulator. This study investigates the TLM effect on OP differentiation and validates its capability to restore damage in a pharmacological model of Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease through a PPAR-γ-mediated mechanism. For the first time in purified OPs, we demonstrate that TLM-induced PPAR-γ activation downregulates the type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1), the level of which naturally decreases during differentiation. Like other PPAR-γ agonists, we show that TLM promotes peroxisomal proliferation and promotes OP differentiation. Furthermore, TLM can offset the OP maturation arrest induced by a lysosomal cholesterol transport inhibitor (U18666A), which reproduces an NPC1-like phenotype. In the NPC1 model, TLM also reduces cholesterol accumulation within peroxisomal and lysosomal compartments and the contacts between lysosomes and peroxisomes, revealing that TLM can regulate intracellular cholesterol transport, crucial for myelin formation. Altogether, these data indicate a new potential use of TLM in hypomyelination pathologies such as NPC1, underlining the possible repositioning of the drug already used in other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00169 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4990-2927
| | | | - Lucia Bertuccini
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00169 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00169 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00169 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00169 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
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20
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Hu K, Liu H. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG7 protects against inflammation and apoptosis in Parkinson's disease model by targeting the miR-425-5p/TRAF5/NF-κB axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22867. [PMID: 34369042 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has manifested that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the progress of Parkinson's disease (PD). SNHG7, a novel lncRNA, has been found to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, SNHG7 expression and its functional effects on PD remain uncharted. Rotenone (Rot) was adopted to construct PD models in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. The expression levels of caspase 3, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) in SD rat striatum were measured via immunohistochemistry and western blot. Additionally, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α) and oxidative stress factors (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the brain tissues were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Moreover, the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF5), I-κB, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), HO-1, Nrf2 were detected via western blot. Bioinformatics was applied to predict the targeting relationship between SNHG7, miR-425-5p, and TRAF5. Dual-luciferase activity assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to verify their interactions. In comparison to healthy donors, SNHG7 was found upregulated while miR-425-5p expression was downregulated in PD patients. Functional experiments confirmed that SNHG7 downregulation or miR-425-5p overexpression attenuated neuronal apoptosis in the Rot-mediated PD model, TH-positive cell loss, and microglial activation by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, SNHG7 served as a competitive endogenous RNA by sponging miR-425-5p and promoted TRAF5 mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. Inhibition of SNHG7 ameliorated neuronal apoptosis in PD through relieving miR-425-5p/TRAF5/NF-κB signaling pathway modulated inflammation and oxidative stress, and similar results were observed in the Rot-mediated rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYang Center Hospital, Xiangyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYang Center Hospital, Xiangyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYang Center Hospital, Xiangyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China
| | - Handong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYang Center Hospital, Xiangyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China
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21
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Mustapha S, Mohammed M, Azemi AK, Jatau AI, Shehu A, Mustapha L, Aliyu IM, Danraka RN, Amin A, Bala AA, Ahmad WANW, Rasool AHG, Mustafa MR, Mokhtar SS. Current Status of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type II Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:4362. [PMID: 34299638 PMCID: PMC8307902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a multifunctional role in lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, protein folding, and processing. Thus, maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for cellular functions. Several pathophysiological conditions and pharmacological agents are known to disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, causing ER stress. The cells react to ER stress by initiating an adaptive signaling process called the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the ER initiates death signaling pathways when ER stress persists. ER stress is linked to several diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, its regulation can provide possible therapeutic targets for these. Current evidence suggests that chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia linked to type II diabetes disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, resulting in irreversible UPR activation and cell death. Despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the UPR and ER stress, to date, the mechanisms of ER stress in relation to type II diabetes remain unclear. This review provides up-to-date information regarding the UPR, ER stress mechanisms, insulin dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the therapeutic potential of targeting specific ER stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagir Mustapha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Aishatu Shehu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Mustapha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800241, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Muazzamu Aliyu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Rabi'u Nuhu Danraka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240103, Kwara, Nigeria
- Membrane Traffic Group, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2784-156 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Auwal Adam Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720281, Jigawa, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700241, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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22
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Bougea A, Piperi C. Impact of the apelin/APJ axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease with therapeutic potential. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2117-2133. [PMID: 34115895 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. There is still no available disease-modifying strategy against PD, whose management is mainly symptomatic. A growing amount of preclinical evidence shows that a complex interplay between autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial impairment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and excessive neuroinflammation underlies PD pathogenesis. Identifying key molecules linking these pathological cellular processes may substantially aid in our deeper understanding of PD pathophysiology and the development of novel effective therapeutic approaches. Emerging preclinical evidence indicates that apelin, an endogenous neuropeptide acting as a ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, may play a key neuroprotective role in PD pathogenesis, via inhibition of apoptosis and dopaminergic neuronal loss, autophagy enhancement, antioxidant effects, endoplasmic reticulum stress suppression, as well as prevention of synaptic dysregulation in the striatum, excessive neuroinflammation, and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Underlying signaling pathways involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and inositol requiring kinase 1α/XBP1/C/EBP homologous protein. Herein, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ axis and associated molecular mechanisms on the pathogenesis of PD in vitro and in vivo and provide evidence for its challenging therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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23
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Ren H, Zhai W, Lu X, Wang G. The Cross-Links of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691881. [PMID: 34168552 PMCID: PMC8218021 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and it is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), as well as the presence of intracellular inclusions with α-synuclein as the main component in surviving DA neurons. Emerging evidence suggests that the imbalance of proteostasis is a key pathogenic factor for PD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, two major pathways for maintaining proteostasis, play important roles in PD pathology and are considered as attractive therapeutic targets for PD treatment. However, although ER stress/UPR and autophagy appear to be independent cellular processes, they are closely related to each other. In this review, we focused on the roles and molecular cross-links between ER stress/UPR and autophagy in PD pathology. We systematically reviewed and summarized the most recent advances in regulation of ER stress/UPR and autophagy, and their cross-linking mechanisms. We also reviewed and discussed the mechanisms of the coexisting ER stress/UPR activation and dysregulated autophagy in the lesion regions of PD patients, and the underlying roles and molecular crosslinks between ER stress/UPR activation and the dysregulated autophagy in DA neurodegeneration induced by PD-associated genetic factors and PD-related neurotoxins. Finally, we indicate that the combined regulation of ER stress/UPR and autophagy would be a more effective treatment for PD rather than regulating one of these conditions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ren
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Zhang Z, Sun X, Wang K, Yu Y, Zhang L, Zhang K, Gu J, Yuan X, Song G. Hydrogen-saturated saline mediated neuroprotection through autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in early and medium stages of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:1-13. [PMID: 33838212 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some cardiovascular symptoms in the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) were related to degeneration of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) catecholaminergic neurons. To date, little is known about the effects of hydrogen water on early stage of PD. Here, protective actions of hydrogen-saturated saline (HS) on rotenone-induced PD rats, as well as its underlying mechanisms were investigated. HS was used to treat PD rats at three general stages; early, medium and late, which were represented by rotenone induced rats for 0, 7 and 14 days. HS treatment significantly alleviated the cardiovascular and motor symptoms in rotenone-induced PD rats, improved the survival number of RVLM catecholaminergic neurons and nigral dopamine neurons only in early and medium stages of PD rats. Decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), transformation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I/II and degradation of sequestosome 1 (p62) were detected, as well as increased expression level of autophagy related protein 5 (ATG5) and B-cell lymphoma-2 interacting protein 1 (Beclin-1) in the RVLM and substantia nigra (SN) after HS treatment in early and medium stages of PD rats. In addition, phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) decreased after HS treatment in early and medium stages of PD rats. The results suggested that HS treatment exerted beneficial effects in early and medium stages before motor impairments emerged but not in the late stage of rotenone-induced PD rats. It exerted neuroprotection with RVLM catecholaminergic neurons and nigral dopamine neurons, mediated in part by decreasing levels of ROS and α-Syn through increasing autophagy machinery which were partly via inhibiting PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Life Science Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Electrocardiogram, Taian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Keping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jinglongfei Gu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiaofan Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Guohua Song
- Life Science Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China.
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25
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Therapeutic Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Parkinson's Disease via Antineuroinflammation and Neuroprotection In Vitro and In Vivo. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:8814236. [PMID: 33456749 PMCID: PMC7787797 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases. However, the currently available treatments could only relieve symptoms. Novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Several previous studies mentioned that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acted as a negative regulator of the insulin signal pathway and played a significant role in the inflammation process. However, few studies have investigated the role of PTP1B in the central nervous system. Our study showed that suramin, an inhibitor of PTP1B, could improve neuronal damage. It could significantly attenuate the interferon-gamma-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). It enhanced M2 type microglia markers, such as arginase-1 and Ym-1 in BV2 murine microglial cells. PTP1B inhibition also reversed 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced downregulation of phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in SH-SY5Y cells. Besides, we knocked down and overexpressed PTP1B in the SH-SY5Y cells to confirm its role in neuroprotection. We also verified the effect of suramin in the zebrafish PD model. Treatment with suramin could significantly reverse 6-OHDA-induced locomotor deficits and improved tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers. These results support that PTP1B could potentially regulate PD via antineuroinflammation and antiapoptotic pathways.
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26
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Visanji NP, Madan P, Lacoste AMB, Buleje I, Han Y, Spangler S, Kalia LV, Hensley Alford S, Marras C. Using artificial intelligence to identify anti-hypertensives as possible disease modifying agents in Parkinson's disease. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 30:201-209. [PMID: 33219601 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug repurposing is an effective means of increasing treatment options for diseases, however identifying candidate molecules for the indication of interest from the thousands of approved drugs is challenging. We have performed a computational analysis of published literature to rank existing drugs according to predicted ability to reduce alpha synuclein (aSyn) oligomerization and analyzed real-world data to investigate the association between exposure to highly ranked drugs and PD. METHODS Using IBM Watson for Drug Discoveryâ (WDD) we identified several antihypertensive drugs that may reduce aSyn oligomerization. Using IBM MarketScanâ Research Databases we constructed a cohort of individuals with incident hypertension. We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses (HR) with exposure as a time-dependent covariate. Diuretics were used as the referent group. Age at hypertension diagnosis, sex, and several comorbidities were included in multivariate analyses. RESULTS Multivariate results revealed inverse associations for time to PD diagnosis with exposure to the combination of the combination of angiotensin receptor II blockers (ARBs) and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DHP-CCB) (HR = 0.55, p < 0.01) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and diuretics (HR = 0.60, p-value <0.01). Increased risk was observed with exposure to alpha-blockers alone (HR = 1.81, p < 0.001) and the combination of alpha-blockers and CCB (HR = 3.17, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We present evidence that a computational approach can efficiently identify leads for disease-modifying drugs. We have identified the combination of ARBs and DHP-CCBs as of particular interest in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi P Visanji
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Italo Buleje
- Foundational Innovation, Health Care and Life Sciences, IBM Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanyan Han
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, USA
| | | | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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da Costa CA, Manaa WE, Duplan E, Checler F. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Unfolded Protein Response and Their Contributions to Parkinson's Disease Physiopathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112495. [PMID: 33212954 PMCID: PMC7698446 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial age-related movement disorder in which defects of both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been reported. The unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a key cellular dysfunction associated with the etiology of the disease. The UPR involves a coordinated response initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum that grants the correct folding of proteins. This review gives insights on the ER and its functioning; the UPR signaling cascades; and the link between ER stress, UPR activation, and physiopathology of PD. Thus, post-mortem studies and data obtained by either in vitro and in vivo pharmacological approaches or by genetic modulation of PD causative genes are described. Further, we discuss the relevance and impact of the UPR to sporadic and genetic PD pathology.
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28
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Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Almatroodi SA, Mahzari A, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Provocation by Different Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach to Manage the Cancer and Other Common Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5336. [PMID: 33207628 PMCID: PMC7697255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper execution of basic cellular functions requires well-controlled homeostasis including correct protein folding. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) implements such functions by protein reshaping and post-translational modifications. Different insults imposed on cells could lead to ER stress-mediated signaling pathways, collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is also closely linked with oxidative stress, which is a common feature of diseases such as stroke, neurodegeneration, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The level of ER stress is higher in cancer cells, indicating that such cells are already struggling to survive. Prolonged ER stress in cancer cells is like an Achilles' heel, if aggravated by different agents including nanoparticles (NPs) may be exhausted off the pro-survival features and can be easily subjected to proapoptotic mode. Different types of NPs including silver, gold, silica, graphene, etc. have been used to augment the cytotoxicity by promoting ER stress-mediated cell death. The diverse physico-chemical properties of NPs play a great role in their biomedical applications. Some special NPs have been effectively used to address different types of cancers as these particles can be used as both toxicological or therapeutic agents. Several types of NPs, and anticancer drug nano-formulations have been engineered to target tumor cells to enhance their ER stress to promote their death. Therefore, mitigating ER stress in cancer cells in favor of cell death by ER-specific NPs is extremely important in future therapeutics and understanding the underlying mechanism of how cancer cells can respond to NP induced ER stress is a good choice for the development of novel therapeutics. Thus, in depth focus on NP-mediated ER stress will be helpful to boost up developing novel pro-drug candidates for triggering pro-death pathways in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Ali Mahzari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
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29
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Osman A, Benameur T, Korashy HM, Zeidan A, Agouni A. Interplay between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Large Extracellular Vesicles (Microparticles) in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E409. [PMID: 33053883 PMCID: PMC7599704 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon increased demand for protein synthesis, accumulation of misfolded and/or unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a pro-survival response is activated termed unfolded protein response (UPR), aiming at restoring the proper function of the ER. Prolonged activation of the UPR leads, however, to ER stress, a cellular state that contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases including obesity and diabetes. ER stress response by itself can result in endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, through various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly large EVs (lEVs) commonly referred to as microparticles (MPs), are membrane vesicles. They are considered as a fingerprint of their originating cells, carrying a variety of molecular components of their parent cells. lEVs are emerging as major contributors to endothelial cell dysfunction in various metabolic disease conditions. However, the mechanisms underpinning the role of lEVs in endothelial dysfunction are not fully elucidated. Recently, ER stress emerged as a bridging molecular link between lEVs and endothelial cell dysfunction. Therefore, in the current review, we summarized the roles of lEVs and ER stress in endothelial dysfunction and discussed the molecular crosstalk and relationship between ER stress and lEVs in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.O.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham M. Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.O.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.O.); (H.M.K.)
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30
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Jiang X, Tang P-C, Chen Q, Zhang X, Fan Y-Y, Yu BC, Gu X-X, Sun Y, Ge X-Q, Zhang X-L. Cordycepin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects via an Anti-Apoptotic Mechanism based on the Mitochondrial Pathway in a Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism Rat Model. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:609-620. [PMID: 31486758 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190905152138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordycepin (Cor), one of the major bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has been used in clinical practice for several years. However, its neuroprotective effect remains unknown. AIMS The purpose of the study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Cor using a rotenoneinduced Parkinson's Disease (PD) rat model and to delineate the possible associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, behavioural tests were performed based on the 10-point scale and grid tests. Levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum and the numbers of TH-positive neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. In vitro, cell apoptosis rates and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) were analysed by flow cytometry and the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), and caspase-3 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Showed that Cor significantly improved dyskinesia, increased the numbers of TH-positive neurons in the SNpc, and maintained levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum in rotenone- induced PD rats. We also found that apoptosis was suppressed and the loss of MMP was reversed with Cor treatment. Furthermore, Cor markedly down-regulated the expression of Bax, upregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, inhibited the activation of caspase-3, and decreased the release of Cyt-c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, as compared to those in the rotenone-treated group. CONCLUSION Therefore, Cor protected dopamine neurons against rotenone-induced apoptosis by improving mitochondrial dysfunction in a PD model, demonstrating its therapeutic potential for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,People's Hospital of Baoying, Baoying, 225800, China
| | - Tang P-C
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Y-Y
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bo-Cheng Yu
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gu X-X
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ge X-Q
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhang X-L
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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31
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Zou Y, Qi Z. Understanding the Role of Exercise in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: ERS-Linked Molecular Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6412916. [PMID: 32774148 PMCID: PMC7397409 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6412916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally prevalent and characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver, frequently accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), enhanced hepatic inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent studies showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) at the subcellular level underlies these featured pathologies in the development of NAFLD. As an effective treatment, exercise significantly reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and thus alleviates NAFLD. Confusingly, these benefits of exercise are associated with increased or decreased ERS in the liver. Further, the interaction between diet, medication, exercise types, and intensity in ERS regulation is more confusing, though most studies have confirmed the benefits of exercise. In this review, we focus on understanding the role of exercise-modulated ERS in NAFLD and ERS-linked molecular pathways. Moderate ERS is an essential signaling for hepatic lipid homeostasis. Higher ERS may lead to increased inflammation and apoptosis in the liver, while lower ERS may lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Therefore, exercise acts like an igniter or extinguisher to keep ERS at an appropriate level by turning it up or down, which depends on diet, medications, exercise intensity, etc. Exercise not only enhances hepatic tolerance to ERS but also prevents the malignant development of steatosis due to excessive ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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32
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Su Z, Sheng L, Yu P, Ren N, Li Y, Qin Z. Regulation of microRNAs by IRE1α in apoptosis: implications for the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1230-1236. [PMID: 32070174 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1730833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although there are large differences in clinical and pathological features, age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) share common pathogenetic mechanisms involving aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins, which leads to progressive dysfunction and death of neurons. Up to now, it seems that apoptosis is one major form of neuronal cell death. This review provides an overview of recent progress in unfolded protein response (UPR) during apoptosis induced by abnormal protein aggregation and emphasizes on the potential role of inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)-microRNAs (miRNAs) mediated apoptosis in NDs, which will provide new insights in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanyue Sheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Ren
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxia Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Role of brain renin angiotensin system in neurodegeneration: An update. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:905-912. [PMID: 32127770 PMCID: PMC7042626 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system widely known for its physiological roles in electrolyte homeostasis, body fluid volume regulation and cardiovascular control in peripheral circulation. However, brain RAS is an independent form of RAS expressed locally in the brain, which is known to be involved in brain functions and disorders. There is strong evidence for a major involvement of excessive brain angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT-1R) axis in increased activation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammation causing neurodegeneration in several brain disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated strong neuroprotective effects by blocking AT1R in these brain disorders. Additionally, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Angiotensin (1–7)/Mas receptor (MASR), is another axis of brain RAS which counteracts the damaging effects of ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis on neurons in the brain. Thus, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and activation of ACE2/Angiotensin (1–7)/MASR axis may serve as an exciting and novel method for neuroprotection in several neurodegenerative diseases. Here in this review article, we discuss the expression of RAS in the brain and highlight how altered RAS level may cause neurodegeneration. Understanding the pathophysiology of RAS and their links to neurodegeneration has enormous potential to identify potentially effective pharmacological tools to treat neurodegenerative diseases in the brain.
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Feng CW, Chen NF, Chan TF, Chen WF. Therapeutic Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Parkinson's Disease via Antineuroinflammation and Neuroprotection In Vitro and In Vivo. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2020. [PMID: 33456749 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814236.ecollection2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases. However, the currently available treatments could only relieve symptoms. Novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Several previous studies mentioned that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acted as a negative regulator of the insulin signal pathway and played a significant role in the inflammation process. However, few studies have investigated the role of PTP1B in the central nervous system. Our study showed that suramin, an inhibitor of PTP1B, could improve neuronal damage. It could significantly attenuate the interferon-gamma-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). It enhanced M2 type microglia markers, such as arginase-1 and Ym-1 in BV2 murine microglial cells. PTP1B inhibition also reversed 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced downregulation of phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in SH-SY5Y cells. Besides, we knocked down and overexpressed PTP1B in the SH-SY5Y cells to confirm its role in neuroprotection. We also verified the effect of suramin in the zebrafish PD model. Treatment with suramin could significantly reverse 6-OHDA-induced locomotor deficits and improved tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers. These results support that PTP1B could potentially regulate PD via antineuroinflammation and antiapoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Huang S. Effects of thymosin β4 on neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4186-4192. [PMID: 31545437 PMCID: PMC6797993 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on neuronal apoptosis in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO I/R) injury, and determine the mechanisms involved in this process. Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=16 per group): A sham control group, an ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group), and a Tβ4 group. The focal cerebral I/R model was established by blocking the right MCA for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The Zea-Longa method was used to assess neurological deficits. Cerebral infarct volume was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and pathological changes were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. The terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptosis. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 (CASP12) protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting 24 h after reperfusion. Infarct volume and neuronal damage in the I/R and Tβ4 groups were significantly greater than those observed in the sham group. The Zea-Longa score, neuronal apoptosis, and expression of GRP78, CHOP, and CASP12 in the I/R and Tβ4 groups were significantly higher than those reported in the sham group. However, the Longa score and neuronal apoptosis were lower in the Tβ4 group compared to the I/R group. The expression of GRP78 was significantly increased, whereas that of CHOP and CASP12 was significantly decreased in the Tβ4 group compared to the I/R group. The present data revealed that Tβ4 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis by upregulating GRP78 and downregulating CHOP and CASP12, thereby reducing cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Sichun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
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Pei Q, Wang R, Shu C, Pei X, Li X, Gou G. The Cell Death Phenotype of MGC-803 Cells Inducing with “Dextran-Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide-Fluorouracil” Drug Delivery System and Fluorouracil. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1282-1294. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Pei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education in Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education in Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University
| | - Chunhua Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education in Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education in Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University
| | - GuoJing Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University
- Medical Chemistry Department, School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University
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Maamoun H, Abdelsalam SS, Zeidan A, Korashy HM, Agouni A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: A Critical Molecular Driver of Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disturbances Associated with Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071658. [PMID: 30987118 PMCID: PMC6480154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle contribute to the widespread epidemic of obesity among both adults and children leading to rising cases of diabetes. Cardiovascular disease complications associated with obesity and diabetes are closely linked to insulin resistance and its complex implications on vascular cells particularly endothelial cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated following disruption in post-translational protein folding and maturation within the ER in metabolic conditions characterized by heavy demand on protein synthesis, such as obesity and diabetes. ER stress has gained much interest as a key bridging and converging molecular link between insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction and, hence, represents an interesting drug target for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. We reviewed here the role of ER stress in endothelial cell dysfunction, the primary step in the onset of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We specifically focused on the contribution of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, endothelial cell death, and cellular inflammation caused by ER stress in endothelial cell dysfunction and the process of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Maamoun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbaseyya, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shahenda S Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Giampietro L, Gallorini M, De Filippis B, Amoroso R, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. PPAR-γ agonist GL516 reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis occurrence in a rat astrocyte cell line. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:239-245. [PMID: 30946848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The worldwide increase in aging population is prevalently associated with the increase of neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated transcriptional factors which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily which regulates peroxisome proliferation. The PPAR-γ is the most extensively studied among the three isoforms and the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-γ agonists have been recently demonstrated in a variety of preclinical models of neurological disorders. The aim of the study is to biologically evaluate the neuroprotective effects of new PPAR-γ selective agonists in an in vitro model. MAIN METHODS CTX-TNA2 rat astrocytes were treated with G3335, a PPAR-γ antagonist, to simulate the conditions of a neurological disorder. Newly synthetized PPAR-γ selective agonists were added to the cell culture. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay, catalase activity was investigated by a colorimetric assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and apoptosis occurrence were measured by flow cytometry. Western blotting were performed to measure the levels of protein involved in the apoptotic pathway. KEY FINDINGS Four PPAR-γ agonists were selected. Among them, the GL516, a fibrate derivative, showed low cytotoxicity and proved effective in restoring the catalase activity, reducing ROS production and decreasing the apoptosis occurrence triggered by the G3335 administration. The effects of this molecule appear to be comparable to the reference compound rosiglitazone, a potent and selective PPAR-γ agonist, mainly at prolonged exposure times (96 h). SIGNIFICANCE Based on recent evidence, hypofunctionality of the PPAR-γ in glial cells could be present in neurodegenerative diseases and could participate in pathological mechanisms through peroxisomal damage. The fibrate derivative PPAR-γ agonist GL516 emerged as the most promising molecule of the series and could have a role in preventing the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
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Zhu J, Dou S, Jiang Y, Chen J, Wang C, Cheng B. Apelin-13 protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting autophagy. Brain Res 2019; 1715:203-212. [PMID: 30914252 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigrapars compacta (SNpc) and striatum of the midbrain is the important pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been shown that autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are involved in the occurrence and development of PD. The neuropeptide Apelin-13 is neuroprotective in the neurological diseases such as PD, Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemic stroke. In the present work, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Apelin-13 on ERS and autophagy in the dopaminergic neurodegeneration of SNpc of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP)-treated mice. The intranigral injection of Apelin-13 alleviated the behavioral dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MPTP. After the exposure to MPTP, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was significantly decreased as well as the increased α-synuclein expression, which was significantly reversed by the intranigral injection of Apelin-13. Also, Apelin-13 significantly reversed the decreasing autophagy induced by MPTP which was indicated by the up-regulation of LC3B-II and Beclin1 and down-regulation of p62. And MPTP-induced ERS such as IRE1α, XBP1s, CHOP and GRP78 was significantly inhibited by Apelin-13. Taken together, Apelin-13 protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced PD model mice in vivo through inhibiting ERS and promoting autophagy, which contributes to the therapy for PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Zhu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Dou
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China.
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, China.
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Effects of agomelatine in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:71-76. [PMID: 30716425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of melatonin and melatonin analogs in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) models remain controversial. Agomelatine, a novel analog of melatonin, is both agonists for melatonin-1 and melatonin-2 receptors and antagonist of 5-HT2C receptors. While agomelatine has been commonly used as an anti-depressant and sleep drug, information about effects of agomelatine in PD are still lacking. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-260 g) were injected with rotenone (0.5 μg, n = 16) or vehicle (1 μl DMSO, n = 8) into the left substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area under stereotaxic surgery. After ten days, the rats were assessed for the confirmation of PD by the rotational test following apomorphine injection (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The confirmed rats were divided into two groups which received daily p.o. agomelatine (40 mg/kg, n = 8) or saline (2 ml/rat, n = 8) for consecutively 18 days. Twenty-four hours after the last drug administration, the rotational test was repeated and motor coordination was assesed just before the decapitation. Brain tissues were taken for biochemical, molecular and histopathological evaluations. Agomelatine treated animals showed augmented apomorphine-induced rotation response and impaired motor coordination compared to the rotenone group. Furthermore, agomelatine treatment significantly induced apoptosis with an increase in caspase-3 expression independent from PARP-1 activation. Agomelatine treatment caused increased protein oxidation levels, in addition to a decrease in neuron number in the striatum. Although we investigated the effects of the agomelatine in the manner of ameliorating the rotenone toxicity in animals, agomelatine exacerbates rotenone-induced toxicity which mimics Parkinson's disease pathology.
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Hu H, Tian M, Ding C, Yu S. The C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) Transcription Factor Functions in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Microbial Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3083. [PMID: 30662442 PMCID: PMC6328441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of cell death by which the body maintains the homeostasis of the internal environment. Apoptosis is an initiative cell death process that is controlled by genes and is mainly divided into endogenous pathways (mitochondrial pathway), exogenous pathways (death receptor pathway), and apoptotic pathways induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The homeostasis imbalance in ER results in ER stress. Under specific conditions, ER stress can be beneficial to the body; however, if ER protein homeostasis is not restored, the prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response may initiate apoptotic cell death via the up-regulation of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). CHOP plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and this review focuses on its multifunctional roles in that process, as well as its role in apoptosis during microbial infection. We summarize the upstream and downstream pathways of CHOP in ER stress induced apoptosis. We also focus on the newest discoveries in the functions of CHOP-induced apoptosis during microbial infection, including DNA and RNA viruses and some species of bacteria. Understanding how CHOP functions during microbial infection will assist with the development of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Rodriguez-Perez AI, Sucunza D, Pedrosa MA, Garrido-Gil P, Kulisevsky J, Lanciego JL, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Antagonists Protect Against Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neuron Death. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:1063-1081. [PMID: 29987762 PMCID: PMC6277291 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons and α-synuclein accumulation are major hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), and it has been suggested that a major mechanism of α-synuclein toxicity is microglial activation. The lack of animal models that properly reproduce PD, and particularly the underlying synucleinopathy, has hampered the clarification of PD mechanisms and the development of effective therapies. Here, we used neurospecific adeno-associated viral vectors serotype 9 coding for either the wild-type or mutated forms of human alpha-synuclein (WT and SynA53T, respectively) under the control of a synapsin promoter to further induce a marked dopaminergic neuron loss together with an important microglial neuroinflammatory response. Overexpression of neuronal alpha-synuclein led to increased expression of angiotensin type 1 receptors and NADPH oxidase activity, together with a marked increase in the number of OX-6-positive microglial cells and expression of markers of phagocytic activity (CD68) and classical pro-inflammatory/M1 microglial phenotype markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression of markers of immunoregulatory/M2 microglial phenotype such as the enzyme arginase-1 was constantly observed. Interestingly, alpha-synuclein-induced changes in microglial phenotype markers and dopaminergic neuron death were inhibited by simultaneous treatment with the angiotensin type 1 blockers candesartan or telmisartan. Our results suggest the repurposing of candesartan and telmisartan as a neuroprotective strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Diego Sucunza
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Maria A Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain.
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Hu X, Zhang M, Duan X, Zhang Q, Huang C, Huang L, Zhang Y. Sevoflurane postconditioning improves the spatial learning and memory impairments induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation through suppressing IRE1α-caspase-12-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Neurosci Lett 2018; 685:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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44
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Zhou Y, Li M, Zhu DL, Jiang T, Gao Q, Tang XH, Zhang SG, Lu J, Zhang YD. Neuroprotective effect of angiotensin-(1–7) against rotenone-induced oxidative damage in CATH.a neurons. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:373-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Yan M, Shu S, Chunyuan G, Tang C, Dong Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in ischemic and nephrotoxic acute kidney injury. Ann Med 2018; 50:381-390. [PMID: 29895209 PMCID: PMC6333465 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1489142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a medical condition characterized by kidney damage with a rapid decline of renal function, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Recent research has further established an intimate relationship between AKI and chronic kidney disease. Perturbations of kidney cells in AKI result in the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER stress. In this review, we analyze the role and regulation of ER stress in AKI triggered by renal ischemia-reperfusion and cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The balance between the two major components of UPR, the adaptive pathway and the apoptotic pathway, plays a critical role in determining the cell fate in ER stress. The adaptive pathway is evoked to attenuate translation, induce chaperones, maintain protein homeostasis and promote cell survival. Prolonged ER stress activates the apoptotic pathway, resulting in the elimination of dysfunctional cells. Therefore, regulating ER stress in kidney cells may provide a therapeutic target in AKI. KEY MESSAGES Perturbations of kidney cells in acute kidney injury result in the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in ER, leading to unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER stress. The balance between the adaptive pathway and the apoptotic pathway of UPR plays a critical role in determining the cell fate in ER stress. Modulation of ER stress in kidney cells may provide a therapeutic strategy for acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First people’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo Chunyuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First people’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, U.S.A
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46
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Lahnwong C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:101. [PMID: 29991346 PMCID: PMC6038192 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus currently affects over 350 million patients worldwide and is associated with many deaths from cardiovascular complications. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a novel class of antidiabetic drugs with cardiovascular benefits beyond other antidiabetic drugs. In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin significantly decreases the mortality rate from cardiovascular causes [38% relative risk reduction (RRR)], the mortality rate from all-causes (32% RRR) and the rate of heart failure hospitalization (35% RRR) in diabetic patients with established cardiovascular diseases. The possible mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors are proposed to be systemic effects by hemodynamic and metabolic actions. However, the direct mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, reports concerning the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors in models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure and myocardial ischemia from in vitro, in vivo as well as clinical reports are comprehensively summarized and discussed. By current evidences, it may be concluded that the direct effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors are potentially mediated through their ability to reduce cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ionic dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charshawn Lahnwong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Song J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Yang F, Chen Z, Dong Q, Ji Q, Yuan X, Ren D. Cleavage of caspase-12 at Asp94, mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), contributes to stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9473-9487. [PMID: 29943814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical overloading can lead to skeletal muscle damage instead of remodeling. This is attributed to the excessive apoptosis of myoblasts, mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and caspase-12 in mediating the stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. Myoblast apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst staining, DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin V binding, and propidium iodide staining, as well as caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 cleavage. First, our results showed that apoptosis was elevated in a time-dependent manner when myoblasts were subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) for 12, 24, and 36 hr. Concomitantly, CMS triggered the ERS and caspase-12 cleavage; ERS inhibitor GSK 2606414 suppressed the CMS-induced cleavage of caspase-12 and myoblast apoptosis. Silencing caspase-12 attenuated the apoptosis of myoblasts under CMS. Furthermore, CMS-induced myoblast apoptosis was partially recovered by overexpressing wild-type caspase-12 in caspase-12-silenced myoblasts. In contrast, overexpressing mutant caspase-12 (D94N), which cannot be cleaved into the active caspase-12 fragments, failed to accomplish the same effect. Finally, C2C12 overexpressing truncated caspase-12 segment (TC-casp12-D94), which starts from Asp94 and ends at Asn419, underwent apoptosis under both static and stretched conditions. Interestingly, C2C12 myoblasts seemed to be resistant to stretch-induced apoptosis upon low-serum-induced differentiation. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that caspase-12 cleavage at Asp94, induced by ERS under mechanical stimuli, is the key molecule in initiating the stretch-triggered apoptosis of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Jiang Y, Liu H, Ji B, Wang Z, Wang C, Yang C, Pan Y, Chen J, Cheng B, Bai B. Apelin‑13 attenuates ER stress‑associated apoptosis induced by MPP+ in SH‑SY5Y cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1732-1740. [PMID: 29901077 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin‑13, a neuropeptide that acts as a ligand for a putative receptor related to the angiotensin II type receptor, elicits neuroprotective effects in numerous neurological conditions, such as Huntington's disease and cerebral ischemia. Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, is caused by damage to neurons in the brain; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study explored the effects of apelin‑13 on SH‑SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with 1‑methyl‑4‑phenylpyridine (MPP+). Cell growth, cell viability, and apoptosis were measured by real‑time cell analysis, the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK), glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and cleaved caspase‑12 were assessed by western blotting. MPP+ treatment decreased the viability of SH‑SY5Y cells and increased their apoptosis; however, these changes were attenuated by pretreatment with apelin‑13. Treatment with MPP+ for 24 h significantly increased the expression levels of phospho‑ERK1/2, phospho‑p38, GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved caspase‑12 in SH‑SY5Y cells. Pretreatment with apelin‑13 significantly attenuated the upregulation of GRP78, CHOP and cleaved caspase‑12 in MPP+‑treated SH‑SY5Y cells, and significantly enhanced the expression levels of phospho‑ERK1/2. Taken together, the present results support a model in which apelin‑13 inhibits MPP+‑induced apoptosis of SH‑SY5Y cells by decreasing the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved caspase‑12, and by increasing the expression of phospho‑ERK1/2. The present findings suggest that apelin‑13 may be useful for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jiang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Bingyuan Ji
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Yanyou Pan
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
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IRE1α siRNA relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and alleviates diabetic peripheral neuropathy in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2579. [PMID: 29416111 PMCID: PMC5803253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is mainly characterized by demyelination resulted from the apoptosis of the Schwann cell (SCs). Although the exact mechanisms underlying DPN remain unclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is strongly implicated in the apoptosis. Under ER stress, activated inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) unregulated CHOP, phosphorylated JNK and Caspase-12 to aggravate apoptosis-mediated damage of DPN. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of IRE1α could reduce the ER stress-related apoptosis to relieve DPN. Here, we show that IRE1α siRNA improved the neurological morphology and function of DPN rats and rescued ER stress-related apoptosis in the sciatic nerve. Additionally, RSC96 cells transfected with IRE1α siRNA were used as in vitro model of DPN. It was found that IRE1α siRNA also decreased high glucose-induced apoptosis and inhibited ER stress-related apoptosis in the cells. Altogether, our results suggest that IRE1α should be considered a potential therapeutic agent for DPN.
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50
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König A, Vicente Miranda H, Outeiro TF. Alpha-Synuclein Glycation and the Action of Anti-Diabetic Agents in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:33-43. [PMID: 29480231 PMCID: PMC5842785 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology and variable pathology. While a subset of cases is associated with single-gene mutations, the majority originates from a combination of factors we do not fully understand. Thus, understanding the underlying causes of PD is indispensable for the development of novel therapeutics. Glycation, the non-enzymatic reaction between reactive dicarbonyls and amino groups, gives rise to a variety of different reaction products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs accumulate over a proteins life-time, and increased levels of glycation reaction products play a role in diabetic complications. It is now also becoming evident that PD patients also display perturbed sugar metabolism and protein glycation, including that of alpha-synuclein, a key player in PD. Here, we hypothesize that anti-diabetic drugs targeting the levels of glycation precursors, or promoting the clearance of glycated proteins may also prove beneficial for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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