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Lu Y, Wu Z, Du Z, Lin X, Tian E, Zhang F, Chao Z. The anti-urolithiasis activity and safety of strangury-relieving herbs: A comparative study based on fruit fly kidney stone model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117968. [PMID: 38428655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Urolithiasis is one of the oldest and most widespread urological diseases suffered globally. In the long history of Traditional Chinese Medicine, there're numerous herbs documented with strangury-relieving properties playing crucial roles in treating various urological disorders, including dysuria, hematuria, and renal colic, etc., which may be caused by urolithiasis. Exploring these herbs may reveal safer, more effective, and cost-efficient drugs and therapies for urolithiasis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to assess the anti-urolithiasis efficacy and safety of 46 Chinese traditional and folk herbal drugs using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) kidney stone model, in order to identify the most valuable ethnomedicinal materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extract and 50% ethanol extract of each herb were prepared respectively. 0.2% (w/w) sodium oxalate was chosen as appropriate lithogenic agent through fruit fly life span study. Male fruit-flies within three days of emergence were aged for an additional three days, then were randomly divided into experimental groups, model group and control groups (n = 20). The flies in blank control group, model group and positive control group were fed with standard food, standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate, standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate and 3% (w/w) Garcinia cambogia extract, respectively. Meanwhile, flies in the experimental groups were raised on standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate and 3% (w/w) herbal extract. The anti-urolithiasis capability of the extracts was evaluated using stone area ratio (the stone area divided by the area of the Malpighian tubule) and stone-clearing rate. Additionally, the 7-day mortality rate was employed as an indicator of safety. RESULTS Out of the 46 herbs, 24 exhibited significant anti-urolithiasis effects in their water extracts. Among them, Herba Nephrolepidis, Herba Humuli, Herba Desmodii Styracifolii, Cortex Plumeriae Rubrae, and Herba Mimosae Pudicae showed us a low 7-day mortality rate of fruit-flies as well. However, only a limited number of herbal extracts (8 out of 46) showed obvious anti-urolithiasis activity in their 50% ethanol extracts. CONCLUSION Highly potential anti-urolithiasis candidates were discovered from strangury-relieving herbs recorded in classical Traditional Chinese Medicine works, highlighting the significant value of traditional and folk ethnopharmacological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeliang Wu
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhengxi Du
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaozhu Lin
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fujian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Kanlaya R, Subkod C, Nanthawuttiphan S, Thongboonkerd V. The protective effect of caffeine against oxalate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular cells via mitochondrial preservation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116144. [PMID: 38198962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis are also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Increasing evidence has shown that caffeine, the main bioactive compound in coffee, exerts both anti-fibrotic and anti-lithogenic properties but with unclear mechanisms. Herein, we address the protective effect of caffeine against mitochondrial dysfunction during oxalate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal cells. Analyses revealed that oxalate successfully induced EMT in MDCK renal cells as evidenced by the increased expression of several EMT-related genes (i.e., Snai1, Fn1 and Acta2). Oxalate also suppressed cellular metabolic activity and intracellular ATP level, but increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, oxalate reduced abundance of active mitochondria and induced mitochondrial fragmentation (fission). Furthermore, oxalate decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and content as evidenced by decreased expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), and total mitochondrial proteins. Nonetheless, these oxalate-induced deteriorations in MDCK cells and their mitochondria were successfully hampered by caffeine. Knockdown of Snai1 gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA) completely abolished the effects of oxalate on suppression of cellular metabolic activity, intracellular ATP and abundance of active mitochondria, indicating that these oxalate-induced renal cell deteriorations were mediated through the Snai1 EMT-related gene. These data, at least in part, unveil the anti-fibrotic mechanism of caffeine during oxalate-induced EMT in renal cells by preserving mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chonnicha Subkod
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supanan Nanthawuttiphan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Yang X, Zhang P, Jiang J, Almoallim HS, Alharbi SA, Li Y. Myricetin Attenuates Ethylene Glycol-Induced Nephrolithiasis in Rats via Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04831-0. [PMID: 38158485 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis is a condition of kidney stone formation and is considered a painful disease of the urinary tract system. In this work, we planned to discover the therapeutic roles of myricetin on the ethylene glycol (EG)-induced nephrolithiasis in rats. The experimental rats were treated with 0.75% of EG through drinking water for 4 weeks to initiate the nephrolithiasis and subsequently treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg of myricetin. The body weight and urine volume were measured regularly. After the sacrification of rats, the samples were collected, and serum and urinary biomarkers such as creatinine, urea, Ca2 + ion, and BUN, OPN, oxalate, and citrate levels were determined using assay kits. These biomarkers, the MDA level and CAT, SOD, and GPx activities, were assessed in the kidney tissue homogenates. The IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were also quantified using respective kits. The histopathological analysis was done on the kidney tissues. Myricetin treatment did not show major changes in the body weight and kidney weight in the EG-induced rats. The treatment with 25 and 50 mg/kg of myricetin considerably reduced the urea, creatinine, BUN, Ca2 + ion, and oxalate and increased the citrate content in serum and urine samples of EG-induced rats. Further, myricetin depleted the inflammatory cytokines and MDA levels and elevated the CAT, SOD, and GPx activities in the renal tissues. The activities of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and LDH were also reduced by the myricetin. Furthermore, the myricetin upheld the histoarchitecture of the kidneys. The outcomes of this investigation propose that myricetin is effective in EG-induced urolithiasis probably because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and renoprotective activities. In addition, further studies are still required to verify the precise therapeutic mechanism of myricetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youfang Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Pradeepkumar S, Muthukrishnan S, Murugesan S, Mathaiyan M, Rani K, Eswaran A, Ganesan T, Anto B. Nephroprotective effect of PHYMIN-22 on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis rat model. Urolithiasis 2023; 52:7. [PMID: 37991552 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic effect of PHYMIN-22 against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. Healthy Albino male rats with 200-230 g body weight were randomly divided into five groups, each with 5 animals, control group, EG group (0.75%), PHYMIN-22 treatment group (0.75% EG 14 days and 100 mg/kg PHYMIN-22 next 14 days), PHYMIN-22 drug control group (100 mg/kg) and cystone treatment group (0.75% EG 14 days and 750 mg/kg cystone next 14 days). Biochemical testing was adopted for measuring the blood and urine parameters, as well as the level of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (Cat), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) in kidney tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was utilized to observe the histopathological changes in the kidney tissue. End of the experiment the PHYMIN-22 treatment reduced the urine and serum calcium (p < 0.01; p < 0.01), oxalate (p < 0.01; p < 0.01), phosphate (p < 0.01; p < 0.01), uric acid (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), and creatinine (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) respectively, serum indicators ALT (p < 0.001) and AST (p < 0.001) level and non-enzymic antioxidant GSH (p < 0.001) compared to EG induced urolithiasis animals (Diseased control group). PHYMIN-22 treatment significantly increased urine volume, pH, and body weight, and antioxidants include CAT (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), SOD (p ˃ 0.05; p < 0.05), and GPX (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) compared to Diseased control group animals. The effect of PHYMIN-22 on EG-induced urolithiasis animals could be by improving kidney function, normalizing the urine and serum parameters, maintaining the kidney antioxidants, eliminating crystal deposition, and excretion of unwanted ions from the kidney and urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobiya Pradeepkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | | | - Sivakumar Murugesan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Manikandan Mathaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Kavitha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Anandhi Eswaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | | | - Braivy Anto
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
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Karaoğlu ŞA, Yayli N, Akpinar R, Bozdeveci A, Erik İ, Suyabatmaz Ş, Korkmaz B, Batan N, Kaya S, Nisbet C, Güler A. Phytochemicals, antimicrobial, and sporicidal activities of moss, Dicranum polysetum Sw., against certain honey bee bacterial pathogens. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1445-1455. [PMID: 36892790 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Beekeeping is an important agricultural and commercial activity globally practiced. Honey bee is attacked by certain infectious pathogens. Most important brood diseases are bacterial including American Foulbrood (AFB), caused by Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae), and European Foulbrood (EFB) by Melissococcus plutonius (M. plutonius) in addition of secondary invaders, e.g. Paenibacillus alvei (P. alvei) and Paenibacillus dendritiformis (P. dendritiformis). These bacteria cause the death of larvae in honey bee colonies. In this work, antibacterial activities of extracts, fractions, and isolated certain compounds (nominated 1-3) all originated from moss, Dicranum polysetum Sw. ( D. polysetum), were tested against some honey bee bacterial pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and sporicidal values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions ranged between 10.4 and 18.98, 83.4-303.75 & 5.86-18.98 µg/mL against P. larvae, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate sub-fractions (fraction) and the isolated compounds (1-3) were tested against AFB- and EFB-causing bacteria. Bio-guided chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate fraction, a crude methanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of D. polysetum resulted in three natural compounds: a novel one, i.e. glycer-2-yl hexadeca-4-yne-7Z,10Z,13Z-trienoate (1, dicrapolysetoate; given as trivial name), in addition to two known triterpenoids poriferasterol (2), and γ-taraxasterol (3). Minimum inhibitory concentration ranges were 1.4-60.75, 8.12-65.0, 2.09-33.44 & 1.8-28.75 µg/mL for sub-fractions, compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şengül Alpay Karaoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey.
| | - Nurettin Yayli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Rahşan Akpinar
- Laboratory of Bee Diseases, Samsun Veterinary Control Institute, Samsun, 55200, Turkey
| | - Arif Bozdeveci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - İshak Erik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Suyabatmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Büşra Korkmaz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Batan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Selma Kaya
- Laboratory of Bee Diseases, Samsun Veterinary Control Institute, Samsun, 55200, Turkey
| | - Cevat Nisbet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Güler
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030403. [PMID: 36979338 PMCID: PMC10046151 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenin is a glycosidic derivative of trihydroxybenzoic acid that was discovered in 1880 by Garreau and Machelart from the rhizomes of the medicinal plant Bergenia crassifolia (currently: Saxifraga crassifolia—Saxifragaceae), though was later isolated from several other plant sources. Since its first report, it has aroused interest because it has several pharmacological activities, mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. In addition to this, bergenin has shown potential antimalarial, antileishmanial, trypanocidal, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive, antiarthritic, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic/antiobesity, antiarrhythmic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Thus, this review aimed to describe the sources of isolation of bergenin and its in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities. Bergenin is distributed in many plant species (at least 112 species belonging to 34 families). Both its derivatives (natural and semisynthetic) and extracts with phytochemical proof of its highest concentration are well studied, and none of the studies showed cytotoxicity for healthy cells.
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Cao G, Shi L, Song Y, Shan W, Zhang M, Li P, Zhou H, Zhang B, Sun Y, Yi W. Bergenin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via SIRT1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114100. [PMID: 36538860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. At present, reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis is a crucial therapeutic strategy for ameliorating MI/R injury. However, there is a lack of drugs targeting oxidative stress and apoptosis for the clinical therapy of MI/R. Bergenin is a reportedly effective agent with antioxidative and antiapoptotic activity against acute injury. Nevertheless, the roles and potential mechanisms of bergenin against MI/R injury remain unknown. Here, we hypothesized that bergenin attenuated MI/R-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via SIRT1. Mice were subjected to MI/R and treated with bergenin, after which the cardiac function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, LDH release, and MDA content were evaluated. In vitro, myocardial injury model of H9c2 cells was induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R), apoptosis and oxidative stress was decreased after treated with bergenin. Bergenin significantly reduced myocardial apoptosis and ROS generation in vitro and improved cardiac function in vivo. Intriguingly, bergenin remarkably decreased apoptosis in cardiac tissue accompanied by SIRT1 upregulation following MI/R injury. Further studies showed that inhibiting SIRT1 blocked bergenin's beneficial impact against apoptosis following SI/R injury through excessive oxidative stress and depression of the Bcl2 to Bax ratio. Collectively, these findings indicate that bergenin alleviates MI/R injury by ameliorating myocardial apoptosis and oxidative damage via the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guojie Cao
- Department of general medical, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenju Shan
- Department of general medical, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of general medical, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of general medical, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Department of general medical, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of general medical, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Latief U, Kaur M, Dar SH, Thakur S, Per TS, Tung GK, Jain SK. Preparation and Characterisation of Liposomes of Bergenia Ciliata Extract and Evaluation of their Hepatoprotective Activity. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:328-335. [PMID: 35872024 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver damage (ALD) can cause biochemical and pathological changes, which can lead to major complications and even death. The goal of the study was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of liposomes of Bergenia ciliata extract against thioacetamide-induced liver damage in rats. Liposomal batches of B. ciliata extract were prepared by altering the kind and amount of phospholipids and characterized through various physiochemical properties such as laser diffraction, TEM, encapsulation efficiency, stability and in-vitro release studies. In-vivo hepatoprotective studies were performed on TAA-induced acute hepatic damage model. Further, in-silico studies of bergenin against the three hepatic damage markers viz. TGF-β1, TNF-α and interleukin-6 were also performed. Laser diffraction and TEM showed that most stable liposome batch of B. ciliata extract were in the range of 678-1170 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 84.3±3.5. Extract was found to be rapidly dissociated from B. ciliata liposomes in HCl than PBS, according to in-vitro release data. In-vivo data revealed a significant decline in LFT indicators, amelioration of pathological changes and high bergenin bioavailability in the liposomal group. Protective activity of bergenin against ALD targets like TGF-β1, TNF-α and interleukin-6 was anticipated via molecular docking research. As a result, the current findings of the study indicate that B. ciliata liposomes and bergenin have promising ameliorative potential in the management of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Latief
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Manjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Tasir Sharief Per
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, 182202, India
| | - Gurleen Kaur Tung
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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9
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The advances of calcium oxalate calculi associated drugs and targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roychoudhury S, Das D, Das S, Jha NK, Pal M, Kolesarova A, Kesari KK, Kalita JC, Slama P. Clinical Potential of Himalayan Herb Bergenia ligulata: An Evidence-Based Study. Molecules 2022; 27:7039. [PMID: 36296631 PMCID: PMC9611975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal products have been used in traditional systems of medicine and by ethnic healers for ages to treat various diseases. Currently, it is estimated that about 80% of people worldwide use herbal traditional medicines against various ailments, partly due to easy accessibility and low cost, and the lower side effects they pose. Bergenia ligulata, a herb ranging from the Himalayas to the foothills, including the north-eastern states of India, has traditionally been used as a remedy against various diseases, most prominently kidney stones. The medicinal properties of B. ligulata have been attributed to bergenin, its most potent bioactive component. Apart from bergenin, the other compounds available in B. ligulata are arbutin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, afzelechin, paashaanolactone, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, β-eudesmol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, parasorbic acid, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, phytol, terpinen-4-ol, tannic acid, isovalaric acid, avicularin, quercetin, reynoutrin, and sitoinoside I. This review summarizes various medicinal properties of the herb, along with providing deep insight into its bioactive molecules and their potential roles in the amelioration of human ailments. Additionally, the possible mechanism(s) of action of the herb's anti-urolithiatic, antioxidative, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties are discussed. This comprehensive documentation will help researchers to better understand the medicinal uses of the herb. Further studies on B. ligulata can lead to the discovery of new drug(s) and therapeutics for various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipika Das
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Sandipan Das
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Adriana Kolesarova
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bio-products and Bio-systems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jogen C. Kalita
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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Singla RK, Dhonchak K, Sodhi RK, Arockia Babu M, Madan J, Madaan R, Kumar S, Sharma R, Shen B. Bergenin ameliorates cognitive deficits and neuropathological alterations in sodium azide-induced experimental dementia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994018. [PMID: 36249784 PMCID: PMC9556967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bergenin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid glucoside, is a bioactive compound found in the cortex of Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll.Arg. along with many other natural resources including that from Bergenia species. The present study delineates the neuroprotective potential of bergenin through the modulation of PPAR-γ receptors. Method: Dementia was induced in the Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of sodium azide (12.5 mg/kg for the first 5 days followed by 10 mg/kg for the next 9 days). The rats were then exposed to the Morris water maze test to assess the effect on cognitive abilities followed by a series of biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Results: Sodium azide-treated rats exhibited a severe deterioration of memory as suggested by poor performance in the spatial learning task in addition to the enhancement of brain acetylcholinesterase potential, oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation. Administration of bergenin to sodium azide-treated rats significantly recovered cognition and related biochemical variations. Further, co-administration of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a PPAR-γ antagonist with bergenin challenged its neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: The findings of our study exhibit that the cognitive restoration potential of bergenin may be attributed to its modulatory effects against cholinesterase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, as well as its neuroprotective actions, thus aligning it as a possible therapy for Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia. The study also fortifies the significance of PPAR-γ receptors in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Konika Dhonchak
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Rupinder K. Sodhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
- *Correspondence: Rupinder K. Sodhi, ; Bairong Shen,
| | - M. Arockia Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Rupinder K. Sodhi, ; Bairong Shen,
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Bashir K, Khan MFA, Alhodaib A, Ahmed N, Naz I, Mirza B, Tipu MK, Fatima H. Design and Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Nanoformulation of Bergenin Isolated from Bergenia ciliata. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091639. [PMID: 35566808 PMCID: PMC9104231 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is extraction and isolation of bergenin from Bergenia ciliata and fabrication of pH-sensitive Eudragit® L100 (EL100) polymeric nanoparticles (NP) to tackle limitations of solubility. Bergenin-loaded EL100 nanoparticles (BN-NP) were fabricated via nanoprecipitation and an experimental design was conducted for optimization. A reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the quantitation of bergenin. The optimized nanoformulation was characterized by its particle size, morphology, loading capacity, entrapment efficiency, drug-excipient interaction and crystallinity. An in vitro assay was executed to gauge the release potential of pH-sensitive nanoformulation. The mean particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoparticles were observed to be 86.17 ± 2.1 nm, -32.33 ± 5.53 mV and 0.30 ± 0.03, respectively. The morphological analysis confirmed the spherical nature of the nanoparticles. Drug loading capacity and entrapment efficiency were calculated to be 16 ± 0.34% and 84 ± 1.3%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies unfolded that no interaction was present between the drug and the excipients in the nanoformulation. Crystallography studies revealed that the crystalline nature of bergenin was changed to amorphous and the nanoformulation was stable for up to 3 months at 40 °C. The present study confirms that bergenin isolation can be scaled up from abundantly growing B. ciliata. Moreover, it could also be delivered by entrapment in stimuli-responsive polymer, preventing the loss of drug in healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Bashir
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (K.B.); (M.F.A.K.); (N.A.); (M.K.T.)
| | - Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (K.B.); (M.F.A.K.); (N.A.); (M.K.T.)
| | - Aiyeshah Alhodaib
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (H.F.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (K.B.); (M.F.A.K.); (N.A.); (M.K.T.)
| | - Iffat Naz
- Science Unit, Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Khalid Tipu
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (K.B.); (M.F.A.K.); (N.A.); (M.K.T.)
| | - Humaira Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (K.B.); (M.F.A.K.); (N.A.); (M.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (H.F.)
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HydroZitLa inhibits calcium oxalate stone formation in nephrolithic rats and promotes longevity in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5102. [PMID: 35332173 PMCID: PMC8948263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low fluid intake, low urinary citrate excretion, and high oxidative stress are main causative factors of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. HydroZitLa contains citrate and natural antioxidants and is developed to correct these three factors simultaneously. Antioxidants theoretically can prolong the lifespan of organisms. In this study, we preclinically investigated the antilithogenic, lifespan-extending and anti-aging effects of HydroZitLa in HK-2 cells, male Wistar rats, and Caenorhabditis elegans. HydroZitLa significantly inhibited CaOx crystal aggregation in vitro and reduced oxidative stress in HK-2 cells challenged with lithogenic factors. For experimental nephrolithiasis, rats were divided into four groups: ethylene glycol (EG), EG + HydroZitLa, EG + Uralyt-U, and untreated control. CaOx deposits in kidneys of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. Intrarenal expression of 4-hydroxynonenal in EG + HydroZitLa rats was significantly lower than that of EG rats. The urinary oxalate levels of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. The urinary citrate levels of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were restored to the level in normal control rats. In C. elegans, HydroZitLa supplementation significantly extended the median lifespan of nematodes up to 34% without altering feeding ability. Lipofuscin accumulation in HydroZitLa-supplemented nematodes was significantly lower than that of non-supplemented control. Additionally, HydroZitLa inhibited telomere shortening, p16 upregulation, and premature senescence in HK-2 cells exposed to lithogenic stressors. Conclusions, HydroZitLa inhibited oxidative stress and CaOx formation both in vitro and in vivo. HydroZitLa extended the lifespan and delayed the onset of aging in C. elegans and human kidney cells. This preclinical evidence suggests that HydroZitLa is beneficial for inhibiting CaOx stone formation, promoting longevity, and slowing down aging.
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Nunes Alves Paim LF, Dos Santos PR, Patrocinio Toledo CA, Minello L, Lima da Paz JR, Castro Souza V, Salvador M, Moura S. Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI-QTof-MS/MS-GNPS and a pharmacologic potential. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:286-302. [PMID: 34510611 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Species of Connaraceae are globally used in traditional medicines. However, several of these have not been studied regarding their chemical composition, and some are even at risk of extinction without proper studies. Therefore, the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of Connarus blanchetii Planch., Connarus nodosus Baker, Connarus regnellii G. Schellenb., and Connarus suberosus Planch., which were previously unknown, were analyzed. OBJECTIVE This work aims to investigate the pharmacological potential of these four Connarus species. The chemical composition of different extracts was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with subsequent analysis by the GNPS platform and competitive fragmentation modeling (CFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf extracts (C. blanchetii, C. nodosus, C. regnellii, and C. suberosus) and bark extracts (C. regnellii and C. suberosus) were obtained by decoction, infusion, and maceration. LC/HRMS data were submitted to the GNPS platform and evaluated using CFM in order to confirm the structures. RESULTS The HRMS-GNPS/CFM analysis indicated the presence of 23 compounds that were mainly identified as phenolic derivatives from quercetin and myricetin, of which 21 are unedited in the Connarus genus. Thus, from the analyses performed, we can identify different compounds with pharmacological potential, as well as the most suitable forms of extraction. CONCLUSION Using HRMS-GNPS/CFM, 21 unpublished compounds were identified in the studied species. Therefore, our combination of data analysis techniques can be used to determine their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Roberto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Minello
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Castro Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Zhang G, Wang H, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Zhu W, Zuo X. Bergenin alleviates H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells: Involvement of the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2541-2550. [PMID: 34499403 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bergenin is a C-glucoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid with a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Herein, we investigated the involvement of bergenin in the protective effect against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) and the underlying mechanisms. HNPCs were cotreated with various concentrations of bergenin and 200 μM H2 O2 for 24 h. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated utilizing 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured to assess oxidative stress. Apoptosis was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and caspase-3/7 activity assays. Expression of protein was determined by western blotting. Results indicated that treatment with bergenin significantly alleviated H2 O2 -induced viability reduction and ROS overproduction in HNPCs in a dose-dependent manner. Bergenin alleviated H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress in HNPCs by increased activity of superoxide dismutase and level of glutathione peroxidase. H2 O2 -induced apoptosis and activity of caspase-3/7 were also suppressed by bergenin treatment in HNPCs. Western blotting showed that H2 O2 -induced decrease in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and increase in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were inhibited by bergenin. However, the inhibitory effect of bergenin on H2 O2 -induced viability reduction, oxidative stress and apoptosis were noticeably abrogated in PPAR-γ knockdown HNPCs. In conclusion, our results indicated that bergenin alleviates H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HNPCs by activating PPAR-γ and suppressing NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhang
- Spondyloarthropathy Department, Nanyang Nanshi Hospital of He'nan Province, Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Image, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianxi Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Image, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyang Zhu
- Department of Image, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zuo
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
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Madaan R, Singla RK, Kumar S, Dubey AK, Kumar D, Sharma P, Bala R, Singla S, Shen B. Bergenin - a biologically active scaffold: Nanotechnological perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:132-149. [PMID: 34649489 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211015092654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bergenin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid glucoside, is a bioactive compound present in various plants belonging to different families. The present work compiles scattered information on pharmacology, structure activity relationship and nanotechnological aspects of bergenin, collected from various electronic databases such as Sci Finder, PubMed, Google scholar, etc. Bergenin has been reported to exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antiviral and antimicrobial activities. Molecular docking studies have shown that isocoumarin pharmacophore of bergenin is essential for its bioactivities. Bergenin holds a great potential to be used as lead molecule and also as a therapeutic agent for development of more efficacious and safer semisynthetic derivatives. Nanotechnological concepts can be employed to overcome poor bioavailability of bergenin. Finally, it is concluded that bergenin can be emerged as clinically potential medicine in modern therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab. India
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan. China
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala- Punjab. India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala- Punjab. India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab. India
| | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi. India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan. China
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Singh A, Tandon S, Nandi SP, Kaur T, Tandon C. Downregulation of inflammatory mediators by ethanolic extract of Bergenia ligulata (Wall.) in oxalate injured renal epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114104. [PMID: 33836258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Bergenia ligulata (Wall.) Engl. has been used for treatment of urolithiasis. Its efficacious nature has led to its incorporation in various commercial herbal formulations such as Cystone and Neeri which are prescribed for kidney related ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess whether ethanolic extract of B. ligulata can mitigate the cascade of inflammatory responses that cause oxidative stress and ultimately cell death in renal epithelial cells exposed to hyperoxaluric conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bioactivity guided fractionation using solvents of varying polarities was employed to evaluate the potential of the extracts of B. ligulata to inhibit the crystallization process. Modulation of crystal morphology was visualized through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Cell death was assessed using flow cytometry based assays. Alteration in the inflammatory mediators was evaluated using real time PCR and immunocytochemistry. Phytochemical characterization of the ethanolic extract was carried out using FTIR, LC-MS and GC-MS. RESULTS Bioactivity guided fractionation for the assessment of antilithiatic activity revealed dose dependent inhibition of nucleation and aggregation process of calcium oxalate crystals in the presence of various extracts, however ethanolic extract showed maximum inhibition and was chosen for further experiments. Studies on renal epithelial NRK-52E cells showed, cytoprotective efficacy of B. ligulata extract against oxalate injury. SEM anaysis further revealed the potential of the extract to modulate the crystal structure and adhesion to renal cell surface. Exposure of the renal cells to the extract led to conversion of the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals to the less injurious calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) form. Expression analysis for oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in NRK-52E cells revealed up-regulation of Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), Osteopontin (OPN) and Nuclear factor- ĸB (NF-ĸB), in response to calcium oxalate insult; which was drastically reduced in the presence of B. ligulata extract. Flow cytometric evaluation pointed to caspase 3 mediated apoptotic cell death in oxalate injured cells, which was attenuated by B. ligulata extract. CONCLUSION Considering the complex multifactorial etiology of urolithiasis, ethanolic extract from B. ligulata can be a promising option for the management of kidney stones, as it has the potential to limit inflammation and the subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Shoma Paul Nandi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Guzel A, Yunusoglu S, Calapoglu M, Candan IA, Onaran I, Oncu M, Ergun O, Oksay T. Protective Effects of Quercetin on Oxidative Stress-Induced Tubular Epithelial Damage in the Experimental Rat Hyperoxaluria Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060566. [PMID: 34204866 PMCID: PMC8228054 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The most common kidney stones are calcium stones and calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are the most common type of calcium stones. Hyperoxaluria is an essential risk factor for the formation of these stones. Quercetin is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and many other physiological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of quercetin in hyperoxaluria-induced nephrolithiasis. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar-Albino rats weighing 250–300 g (n = 24) were randomized into three groups: Control (n = 8), ethylene glycol (EG) (n = 8), and EG + quercetin (n = 8). One percent EG-water solution was given to all rats except for the control group as drinking water for five weeks. Quercetin-water solution was given to the EG + quercetin group by oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), urea, calcium, and oxalate levels were analyzed in blood and urine samples. Histopathological assessments and immunohistochemical analyses for oxidative stress and inflammation indicators p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) were performed on renal tissues. Results: The MDA levels were significantly lower in the quercetin-treated group than in the EG-treated group (p = 0.001). Although CAT levels were higher in the quercetin-treated group than the EG-administered group, they were not significantly different between these groups. The expression of p38 MAPK was significantly less in the quercetin-treated group than the EG group (p < 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between the quercetin and EG groups in terms of NF-kB expression. Conclusions: We conclude that hyperoxaluria activated the signaling pathways, which facilitate the oxidative processes leading to oxalate stone formation in the kidneys. Our findings indicated that quercetin reduced damage due to hyperoxaluria. These results imply that quercetin can be considered a therapeutic agent for decreasing oxalate stone formation, especially in patients with recurrent stones due to hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Guzel
- Department of Urology, Aydın State Hospital, Aydın 09100, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-505-303-94-14
| | - Sedat Yunusoglu
- Department of Urology, Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Afyonkarahisar 03100, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Calapoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey;
| | - Ibrahim Aydın Candan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07100, Turkey;
| | - Ibrahim Onaran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey;
| | - Meral Oncu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey;
| | - Osman Ergun
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey; (O.E.); (T.O.)
| | - Taylan Oksay
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey; (O.E.); (T.O.)
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Sharma M, Naura AS, Singla SK. A deleterious interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and its functional linkage to mitochondria in nephrolithiasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:70-80. [PMID: 33798617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria is one of the leading causes of calcium oxalate stone formation in the kidney. Since hyperoxaluria produces Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress in the kidney, it is thus likely that the adaptive unfolded protein response might affect the mitochondrial population as ER and mitochondria share close physical and functional interactions mandatory for several biological processes. Thus this work was designed to study the putative effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the renal mitochondria during hyperoxaluria-induced nephrolithiasis. The results showed that hyperoxaluria induced an ER stress led to the unfolded protein response in the renal tissue of experimental rats. Hampered mitochondrion functioning was detected with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and upsurged mitochondria calcium. These changes in the mitochondria function and ER stress are preceded by apoptosis. The expression of Sigma-1 receptor protein found in the Mitochondria associated ER membranes, the connecting link between ER and mitochondria was found to decrease in the hyperoxaluric rats. Inhibition of ER stress by 4-Phenylbutyric acid prevented the decrease in mitochondria membrane potential and increase in mitochondria calcium observed in hyperoxaluric rats. Also, it restored the protein expression of the sigma-1 receptor protein. On the other hand, N-acetyl cysteine had a nominal impact on the reduction of the ER stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, our data showed that hyperoxaluria induces renal ER stress which triggers mitochondria dysfunction, might be via alteration in the sigma-1 receptor protein in the mitochondria-associated ER membranes, which leads to apoptosis, renal injury, and calcium oxalate crystal deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - S K Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Kidney Stone Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:566506. [PMID: 33192563 PMCID: PMC7606861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion is a pivotal intracellular organelle that plays crucial roles in regulation of energy production, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis), particularly calcium oxalate (CaOx; the most common type), has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress and tissue inflammation/injury. Recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in CaOx crystal retention and aggregation as well as Randall’s plaque formation, all of which are the essential mechanisms for kidney stone formation. This review highlights the important roles of mitochondria in renal cell functions and provides the data obtained from previous investigations of mitochondria related to kidney stone disease. In addition, mechanisms for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of kidney stone disease are summarized. Finally, future perspectives on the novel approach to prevent kidney stone formation by mitochondrial preservation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Anticalcifying effect of Daucus carota in experimental urolithiasis in Wistar rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 11:308-315. [PMID: 30962051 PMCID: PMC7527822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urolithiasis is a burgeoning disease that results from pathological biomineralization. Daucus carota L. is a widely consumed food crop with reported nephroprotective and diuretic activity. Its potential for Ashmari bhedan (destruction of stone/calculi) or treatment of urinary calculi has been explored traditionally. However, no scientific evidence is available to prove its antiurolithiatic efficacy. Moreover, establishing the antiurolithiatic effects of D. carota, an extensively consumed commodity with numerous health benefits, would provide a beneficial dietary measure for the prevention and cure of urolithiasis. Objective The study aimed at investigating in vivo antiurolithiatic potential of hydroethanolic extract of D. carota roots against calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Materials and methods Ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride induced hyperoxaluria model of urolithiasis in male Wistar rats was used for the study. Urine and serum parameters and, kidney histopathology was used to determine the antilithic efficacy of D. carota root extract. Results D. carota extract significantly ameliorated abnormal urinary levels of calcium, oxalate, phosphate, magnesium, citrate, protein and uric acid in lithogenic rats. Serum BUN, creatinine and uric acid levels; and calcium, phosphate and oxalate deposition in kidney tissue were also rendered normal following D. carota treatment. D. carota extract also prevented oxidative stress mediated renal tissue degeneration both prophylactically and curatively. Conclusion This study suggests antiurolithiatic effect of D. carota roots, which can be attributed to its anticrystallization property, ability to ameliorate urine and serum biochemistry and renal cellularity.
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Dong G, Zhou Y, Song X. In vitro inhibitory effects of bergenin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:620-625. [PMID: 31070542 PMCID: PMC6282425 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1525413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bergenin, isolated from the herb of Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Engl., has anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and wound healing activities. However, whether bergenin affects the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the inhibitory effects of bergenin (100 μM) on the eight human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2C8) were investigated, enzyme kinetics and time-dependent inhibition studies were also performed in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs). RESULTS The results showed that bergenin inhibited the activity of CYP3A4, 2E1 and 2C9, with IC50 values of 14.39, 22.83 and 15.11 μM, respectively, but other CYP isoforms were not affected. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that bergenin was not only a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, but also a competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1 and 2C9, with Ki values of 7.71, 11.39 and 8.89 μM, respectively. In addition, bergenin is a time-dependent inhibitor for CYP3A4 with Kinact/KI value of 0.025/3.50 μM-1 min-1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The in vitro studies of bergenin with CYP isoforms indicate that bergenin has the potential to cause pharmacokinetic drug interactions with other co-administered drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, 2E1 and 2C9. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
- CONTACT Xiaoli Song Department of Pharmacy, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang262500, Shandong, China
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Fan W, Hou J, Zhu W, Zhang S, Shao K, Quan F, Chen W. The mechanism of the preventive effect of Shen’an capsule on the calcium oxalate crystal-induced early renal injury based on metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4374. [PMID: 30141275 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- No. 425 Hospital of PLA; Sanya China
| | - Jiebin Hou
- Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Weiye Zhu
- Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Cadets Brigade; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Keda Shao
- Cadets Brigade; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
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Sharma M, Naura AS, Singla SK. Modulatory effect of 4-phenyl butyric acid on hyperoxaluria-induced renal injury and inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 451:185-196. [PMID: 30066041 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria-associated deposition of calcium oxalate crystals results from oxalate-induced renal injury and inflammation. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of 4-Phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, in ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria and compare its effect with antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days to induce hyperoxaluria. 4-PBA and NAC were given by oral gavage. Effect of 4-PBA was analyzed in both prophylactic and curative regimens. After every 7 days, 24-h urine samples were analyzed for kidney injury and inflammation markers. Increased amounts of kidney injury markers like Kidney injury molecule-1, Lactate dehydrogenase, and N-acetyl-β-glucoseaminidase were found in the urine of hyperoxaluric rats which were significantly reduced by 4-PBA treatment in both prophylactic and curative regimens. Inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 were also raised in the urine of hyperoxaluric rats which were significantly decreased by 4-PBA treatment. Hyperoxaluria was accompanied with renal oxidative stress as reflected by decreased glutathione redox status and increased reactive oxygen species which was significantly reduced by 4-PBA treatment. Histological study with H&E and Pizzolato staining showed numerous calcium oxalate crystal deposits in the renal tissues of hyperoxaluric rats. However, no significant crystal deposits were seen in the 4-PBA-treated hyperoxaluric rats. N-acetyl cysteine treatment effectively decreased renal oxidative stress but did not alter the production of inflammatory markers. Collectively, the present study suggested the potential protective effect of 4-PBA in hyperoxaluria-induced renal injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - S K Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-annulated-C-Aryl glycosides from carbohydrate-derived terminally unsubstituted dienes and arynes: Application towards synthesis of sugar-fused- or branched- naphthalenes, and C-Aryl glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2018; 465:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yousefi Ghale-Salimi M, Eidi M, Ghaemi N, Khavari-Nejad RA. Antiurolithiatic effect of the taraxasterol on ethylene glycol induced kidney calculi in male rats. Urolithiasis 2017; 46:419-428. [PMID: 29189886 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-1023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Taraxasterol is one of the important constituents of Taraxacum officinale L. (Compositae) with antioxidant potential. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the antiurolithiatic effects of taraxasterol and potassium citrate in the ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic rat. Urolithiasis was induced by ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in adult male rats. Taraxasterol (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg) and potassium citrate (2.5 g/kg) were treated for 33 days by gavage. Then, the animals were anesthetized and weighted and blood, urine, liver and kidney sampling were done. The kidney sections were prepared by hematoxylin & eosin staining. The liver and kidney coefficients, urine pH, calcium, magnesium, oxalate and citrate levels, serum albumin, calcium and magnesium levels, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum, kidney and liver, number of calcium oxalate crystal deposits, score of crystal deposits, score of histopathological damages and score of inflammation in kidney sections were evaluated. The results showed that taraxasterol decreased liver and kidney coefficients (p < 0.001), serum calcium (p < 0.01) level, serum alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) activities, urine magnesium (p < 0.05) and oxalate (p < 0.001) levels, number of crystal deposits (p < 0.001), score of crystal deposits (p < 0.01), score of histopathological damages (p < 0.001) and score of inflammation (p < 0.01) in kidney sections, while increased urine pH (p < 0.01), calcium (p < 0.001) and citrate (p < 0.05), serum magnesium (p < 0.001) and albumin (p < 0.01) levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum (p < 0.01), kidney (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and liver (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) tissue homogenates in treated urolithiatic rats in comparison to the control urolithiatic rats. The effect of potassium citrate is the same as taraxasterol in treated urolithiatic rats. In conclusion, the effect of taraxasterol could be by improving liver function, changing serum and urine parameters, maintaining the antioxidant environment, reducing crystal deposition, excretion of small deposits from kidney and reducing the chance of them being retained in the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Eidi
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran.
| | - Nasser Ghaemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Khavari-Nejad
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Protective impact of resveratrol in experimental rat model of hyperoxaluria. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:769-775. [PMID: 28185107 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and many other physiological effects on tissues. In the present study, the effect of resveratrol in hyperoxaluria driven nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis is investigated. METHODS Wistar-Albino rats of 250-300 g (male, n = 24) were included in the present study. The rats were randomized into three groups: Group 1 consisted of the controls (n = 8), Group 2 of hyperoxaluria (1% ethylene glycol (EG), n = 8), and Group 3 of the treatment (1% EG + 10 mg/kg of RES, n = 8) group. At the beginning and fifth week of the study, two rats from each group were placed in metabolic cages for 24 h and their urine was collected. At the end of the study, the rats were killed and their blood was collected from the vena cava inferior. The right kidneys of the rats were used for biochemical and the left ones for immunohistochemical analyzes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, urea, calcium, oxalate, and creatinine clearance were studied in the blood, urine, and kidney tissues. Moreover, routine histological evaluation, and p38-MAPK and NFkB immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. RESULTS In the hyperoxaluria group, urinary oxalate levels were higher than the control group; yet, lower in the treatment group compared to hyperoxaluria group (p < 0.05). Serum MDA levels in the hyperoxaluria group were higher than the control group; but in the treatment group it is lower than the hyperoxaluria group (p < 0.05). P38 MAPK activity was higher in the hyperoxaluria group compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, in terms of p38 MAPK activity, there were no statistically significant difference between hyperoxaluria and the treatment group (p < 0.069). Whereas NFkB activity in the hyperoxaluria group is higher than the control (p < 0.001), no statistically significant difference was observed with the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, resveratrol was seen to prevent hyperoxaluria. With preventing oxidative stress factors and Randall plaque formation caused by free oxygen radicals, resveratrol can be an alternative treatment option that can increase the success rate in preventing stone recurrence in the future.
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