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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Huang CC, Lu Q, Wang S, Mai BX. Insights into the occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological implications of organophosphate triesters in surface sediments from polluted urban rivers across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170108. [PMID: 38232851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) are a kind of widespread contaminants in the world, particularly in China, which is a major producer and user of tri-OPEs. However, tri-OPE pollution in urban river sediments in China remains unclear. In current work, we carried out the first nationwide investigation to comprehensively monitor 10 conventional and five emerging tri-OPEs in sediments of 173 black-odorous urban rivers throughout China. Concentrations of 10 conventional and five emerging tri-OPEs were 3.8-1240 ng/g dw (mean: 253 ng/g dw) and 0.21-1107 ng/g dw (68 ng/g dw), respectively, and significantly differed among the cities sampled but generally decreased from Northeast and East China to Central and West China. These spatial patterns suggest that tri-OPE pollution was mainly from local sources and was controlled by the industrial and economic development levels in these four areas, as indicated by the significant correlations between tri-OPE concentrations and gross domestic production, gross industrial output, and daily wastewater treatment capacity. Although the tri-OPE composition varied spatially at different sites, which indicated different tri-OPE input patterns, it was commonly dominated by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (conventional tri-OPEs) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) and isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (emerging tri-OPEs). A risk assessment indicated that tri-OPEs in most sampling sediments had a low to moderate risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Xie Z, Zhang X, Xie Y, Liu F, Sun B, Liu W, Wu J, Wu Y. Bioaccumulation and Potential Endocrine Disruption Risk of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphate Esters in Cetaceans from the Northern South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4368-4380. [PMID: 38386007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing health risks shown by the continuous detection of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in biota in recent years, information on the occurrence and potential risks of OPEs in marine mammals remains limited. This study conducted the first investigation into the body burdens and potential risks of 10 traditional OPEs (tOPEs) and five emerging OPEs (eOPEs) in 10 cetacean species (n = 84) from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2005-2021. All OPEs, except for 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), were detected in these cetaceans, indicating their widespread occurrence in the NSCS. Although the levels of the ∑10tOPEs in humpback dolphins remained stable from 2005 to 2021, the concentrations of the ∑5eOPEs showed a significant increase, suggesting a growing demand for these new-generation OPEs in South China. Dolphins in proximity to urban regions generally exhibited higher OPE concentrations than those from rural areas, mirroring the environmental trends of OPEs occurring in this area. All OPE congeners, except for EHDPHP, in humpback dolphins exhibited a maternal transfer ratio >1, indicating that the dolphin placenta may not be an efficient barrier for OPEs. The observed significant correlations between levels of OPEs and hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and testosterone) in humpback dolphins indicated that OPE exposures might have endocrine disruption effects on the dolphin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Bin Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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3
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Lv YZ, Luo XJ, Lu RF, Chen LJ, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108352. [PMID: 38041984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted comprehensive organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) exposure assessments of both dietary and non-dietary pathways in a rural population in southern China. Skin wipes were collected from 30 volunteers. Indoor and outdoor air (gas and particles), dust in the houses of these volunteers, and foodstuffs consumed by these volunteers were simultaneously collected. The total PFR concentrations in dust, gas, and PM2.5 varied from 53.8 to 5.14 × 105 ng/g, 0.528 to 4.27 ng/m3, and 0.390 to 16.5 ng/m3, respectively. The forehead (median of 1.36 × 103 ng/m2) and hand (median of 920 ng/m2) exhibited relatively high PFR concentrations, followed by the forearm (median of 440 ng/m2) and upper arm (median of 230 ng/m2). The PFR concentrations in the food samples varied from 0.0700 to 10.9 ng/g wet weight in the order of egg > roast duck/goose and vegetable > pork > chicken > fish. Tris(1-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the main PFR in the non-diet samples, whereas the profiles of PFR individuals varied by food type. Among the multiple pathways investigated (inhalation, dermal exposure, dust ingestion, and food ingestion), dermal absorption and dust ingestion were the predominant pathways for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), respectively, whereas dietary exposure was the most important route for other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Rui-Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Liu-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Lettoof DC, Nguyen TV, Richmond WR, Nice HE, Gagnon MM, Beale DJ. Bioaccumulation and metabolic impact of environmental PFAS residue on wild-caught urban wetland tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165260. [PMID: 37400030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PFAS contamination of urban waters is widespread but understanding the biological impact of its accumulation is limited to humans and common ecotoxicological model organisms. Here, we combine PFAS exposure and bioaccumulation patterns with whole organism responses and omics-based ecosurveillance methods to investigate the potential impacts of PFAS on a top predator of wetlands, the tiger snake (Notechis scutatus). Tiger snakes (18 male and 17 female) were collected from four wetlands with varying PFAS chemical profiles and concentrations in Perth, Western Australia. Tiger snake livers were tested for 28 known PFAS compounds, and Σ28PFAS in liver tissues ranged between 322 ± 193 μg/kg at the most contaminated site to 1.31 ± 0.86 μg/kg at the least contaminated site. The dominant PFAS compound detected in liver tissues was PFOS. Lower body condition was associated with higher liver PFAS, and male snakes showed signs of high bioaccumulation whereas females showed signs of maternal offloading. Biochemical profiles of snake muscle, fat (adipose tissue), and gonads were analysed using a combination of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole (QqQ) and quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF) mass spectrometry methodologies. Elevated PFAS was associated with enriched energy production and maintenance pathways in the muscle, and had weak associations with energy-related lipids in the fat tissue, and lipids associated with cellular genesis and spermatogenesis in the gonads. These findings demonstrate the bioavailability of urban wetland PFAS in higher-order reptilian predators and suggest a negative impact on snake health and metabolic processes. This research expands on omics-based ecosurveillance tools for informing mechanistic toxicology and contributes to our understanding of the impact of PFAS residue on wildlife health to improve risk management and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Lettoof
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
| | - T V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia; NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - W R Richmond
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Government of Western Australia, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - H E Nice
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Government of Western Australia, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - M M Gagnon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - D J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
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Peng Y, Shi C, Wang C, Li Y, Zeng L, Zhang J, Huang M, Zheng Y, Chen H, Chen C, Li H. Review on typical organophosphate diesters (di-OPEs) requiring priority attention: Formation, occurrence, toxicological, and epidemiological studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132426. [PMID: 37683352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of primary metabolites of organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs), namely, organophosphate diesters (di-OPEs), on the ecology, environment, and humans cannot be ignored. While extensive studies have been conducted on tri-OPEs, research on the environmental occurrence, toxicity, and health risks of di-OPEs is still in the preliminary stage. Understanding the current research status of di-OPEs is crucial for directing future investigations on the production, distribution, and risks associated with environmental organophosphate esters (OPEs). This paper specifically reviews the metabolization process from tri-OPEs to di-OPEs and the occurrence of di-OPEs in environmental media and organisms, proposes typical di-OPEs in different media, and classifies their toxicological and epidemiological findings. Through a comprehensive analysis, six di-OPEs were identified as typical di-OPEs that require prioritized research. These include di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP). This review provides new insights for subsequent toxicological studies on these typical di-OPEs, aiming to improve our understanding of their current status and provide guidance and ideas for research on the toxicity and health risks of di-OPEs. Ultimately, this review aims to enhance the risk warning system of environmental OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Chongli Shi
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lingjun Zeng
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Mengyan Huang
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Ding HC, Qi L, Tang B, Mai BX, Poma G, Covaci A. Organophosphate diesters (DAPs) and hydroxylated organophosphate flame retardants (HO-OPFRs) as biomarkers of OPFR contamination in a typical freshwater food chain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139649. [PMID: 37495043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) can rapidly biotransform into two types of metabolites in biota: (1) organophosphate diesters (DAPs) and (2) hydroxylated OPFRs (HO-OPFRs). Therefore, the levels of parent OPFRs alone are not sufficient to indicate OPFR pollution in biological organisms. This study analyzed 12 OPFR metabolites, including 6 DAPs and 6 HO-OPFRs, in a typical freshwater food chain consisted of crucian carp, catfish, mud carp, snakehead, and oriental river prawn. The total concentrations of OPFR metabolites were comparable to those of parent OPFRs, and ranged from 0.65 to 17 ng/g ww. Bis(2-butoxyethyl) 3'-hydroxy-2-butoxyethyl phosphate (14%-77%), di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) (6.7%-24%), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) (0.7%-35%), and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (6.0%-24%) were the major OPFR metabolites. Various aquatic species exhibited significant differences in their OPFR metabolite/parent ratios (MPR) (p < 0.05), indicating varying biotransformation potentials of different organisms for various OPFRs. The growth-independent accumulation of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris(chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate in mud carps could be explained by their biotransformation potential. A significant negative correlation was found between the concentration of bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and δ15N values (p < 0.05), with a calculated trophic magnification factor (TMF) of 0.66. Significant positive correlations were observed between BCIPP and TCIPP (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.05), as well as between DNBP and TNBP (R2 = 0.30, p < 0.01), implying that these two DAPs could be used as biomarkers to quantitatively assess TCIPP and TNBP contamination in wild aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Hong-Chang Ding
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Qi
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Liu H, Bai Y, Yu Y, Qi Z, Zhang G, Li G, Yu Y, An T. Maternal transfer of resorcinol-bis(diphenyl)-phosphate perturbs gut microbiota development and gut metabolism of offspring in rats. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108039. [PMID: 37336026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Resorcinol-bis(diphenyl)-phosphate (RDP), an emerging organophosphate flame retardant, is increasingly used as a primary alternative for decabromodiphenyl ether and is frequently detected in global environmental matrices. However, the long-term effects of its exposure to humans remain largely unknown. To investigate its intergenerational transfer capacity and health risks, female Sprague Dawley rats were orally exposed to RDP from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of the lactation period. The RDP content, gut microbiota homeostasis, and metabolic levels were determined. RDP accumulation occurred in the livers of maternal rats and offspring and increased with exposure time. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that exposure to RDP during pregnancy and/or lactation significantly disrupted gut microbiota homeostasis, as evidenced by decreased abundance and diversity. In particular, the abundance of Turicibacter, Adlercreutzia, and YRC22 decreased, correlating significantly with glycollipic metabolism. This finding was consistent with the reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids, the crucial gut microbial metabolites. Meanwhile, RDP exposure resulted in changes in gut microbiome-related metabolism. Nine critical overlapping KEGG metabolic pathways were identified, and the levels of related differential metabolites decreased. Our results suggest that the significant adverse impacts of RDP on gut microbiota homeostasis and metabolic function may increase the long-term risks related to inflammation, obesity, and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixiu Bai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Porretti M, Impellitteri F, Caferro A, Albergamo A, Litrenta F, Filice M, Imbrogno S, Di Bella G, Faggio C. Assessment of the effects of non-phthalate plasticizer DEHT on the bivalve molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139273. [PMID: 37343639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to their uncontrolled use, plastics has become an environmental concern, not only for their varying dimension but also for the potential release of substances such as phthalates (PAEs) and non-phthalates (NPPs) into the water. Phthalates are the most common plasticizers of concern, but non-phthalate plasticizers such as di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) have also been lately found in the marine environment. Mytilus galloprovincialis is a well-known bioindicator of aquatic environments due to its ability to accumulate a wide variety of xenobiotics, including plasticizers. Hence, aim of this study was to evaluate the potential bioaccumulation and effects of the NPP DEHT on M. galloprovincialis. To this purpose, following exposure to DEHT at 1 mg/l (DEHT1) and 100 mg/l (DEHT100), its accumulation in tissues and its effects on total lipids and fatty acid (FA) composition, protein content, cell viability, ability to recover volume and changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Mussels were able to bioaccumulate DEHT in their tissues, with a statistically significant increase compared to the control organisms. Differences in FA composition were observed after exposure, since C16:0, C18:0, C20:5ω-3 and C22:6ω-3 were significantly decreased from control to exposed groups. As a result, total SFA, MUFA and PUFA were affected in DEHT-exposed groups. Also, total protein varied following DEHT exposure, and significantly decreased in the DEHT100-group. Considering the physiological responses, both DEHT-exposed groups lost their ability to return to the original volume of digestive gland (DG) cells. On the other hand, oxidative biomarkers in the gills and DG were not significantly affected by the DEHT exposure. Overall, this study showed for the first time that DEHT exposure differentially affect mussels, in their lipid and protein metabolism, as well as cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Porretti
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Giovanni Palatucci Snc, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessia Caferro
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Litrenta
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Mariacristina Filice
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98100, Messina, Italy.
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9
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Gu L, Hu B, Fu Y, Zhou W, Li X, Huang K, Zhang Q, Fu J, Zhang H, Zhang A, Fu J, Jiang G. Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in global aquatic products. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120083. [PMID: 37224669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as an important class of new pollutants, have been pervasively detected in global aquatic products, arousing widespread public concern due to their potential bioaccumulative behavior and consequent risks. With the continuous improvement of living standards of citizens, there have been constant increment of the proportion of aquatic products in diets of people. The levels of OPEs exposed to residents may also be rising due to the augmented consumption of aquatic products, posing potential hazards on human health, especially for people in coastal areas. The present study integrated the concentrations, profiles, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of OPEs in global aquatic products, including Mollusca, Crustacea, and fish, evaluated health risks of OPEs through aquatic products in daily diets by Mont Carol Simulation (MCS), and found Asia has been the most polluted area in terms of the concentration of OPEs in aquatic products, and would have been increasingly polluted. Among all studied OPEs, chlorinated OPEs generally showed accumulation predominance. It is worth noting that some OPEs were found bioaccumulated and/or biomagnified in aquatic ecosystems. Though MCS revealed relative low exposure risks of residents, sensitive and special groups such as children, adolescents, and fishermen may face more serious health risks than the average residents. Finally, knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed encouraging more long-term and systematic global monitoring, comprehensive studies of novel OPEs and OPEs metabolites, and more toxicological studies to completely evaluate the potential risks of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Gu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Boyuan Hu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
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10
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Ye MX, Luo XJ, Liu Y, Zhu CH, Feng QJ, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Sex-Specific Bioaccumulation, Maternal Transfer, and Tissue Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Snakes ( Enhydris chinensis) and the Impact of Pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4481-4491. [PMID: 36881938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sex and pregnancy on the bioaccumulation and tissue distribution of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese water snakes were investigated. The bioaccumulation factor of PFASs showed a positive correlation with their protein-water partition coefficients (log KPW), and steric hindrance effects were observed when the molecular volume was > 357 Å3. PFAS levels in females were significantly lower than those in males. The chemical composition of pregnant females was significantly different from that of non-pregnant females and males. The maternal transfer efficiencies of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were higher than those of other PFASs, and a positive correlation between the maternal transfer potential and log KPW was observed for other PFASs. Tissues with high phospholipid content exhibited higher concentrations of ∑PFASs. Numerous physiological changes occurred in maternal organ systems during pregnancy, leading to the re-distribution of chemicals among different tissues. The change in tissue distribution of PFASs that are easily and not-so-easily maternally transferred was in the opposite direction. The extent of compound transfer from the liver to the egg determined tissue re-distribution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Chu-Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Huang Q, Hou R, Lin L, Li H, Liu S, Cheng Y, Xu X. Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Their Metabolites in the Estuarine Food Web of the Pearl River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3549-3561. [PMID: 36826812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and trophodynamics of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and their metabolites were investigated in the estuarine food web of the Pearl River, China. The mean ∑OPFR concentration among the investigated species increased in the following order: fish [431 ± 346 ng/g lipid weight (lw)] < snail (1310 ± 621 ng/g lw) < shrimp (1581 ± 1134 ng/g lw) < crab (1744 ± 1397 ng/g lw). The di-alkyl phosphates (DAPs) of di-(n-butyl) phosphate (DNBP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the most abundant metabolites, with concentrations same as or even higher than their corresponding parent compounds. The log bioaccumulation factors for most OPFRs were lower than 3.70, and significant biomagnification was only found for trisphenyl phosphate [TPHP, with the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) > 1]. The TMFs of OPFRs, except for TPHP and tributyl phosphate had a positive correlation with lipophilicity (log KOW, p ≤ 0.05) and a negative correlation with the biotransformation rate (log KM, p ≤ 0.05). The mean TMF > 1 was observed for all of the OPFR metabolites based on the bootstrap regression method. The "pseudo-biomagnification" of OPFR metabolites might be attributed to the biotransformation of OPFRs in organisms at high trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuanyue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
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12
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Yue J, Sun X, Duan X, Sun C, Chen H, Sun H, Zhang L. Triphenyl phosphate proved more potent than its metabolite diphenyl phosphate in inducing hepatic insulin resistance through endoplasmic reticulum stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107749. [PMID: 36680801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used flame retardant and plasticizer and has been detected extensively in environmental media, wildlife and human bodies. Several epidemiological and animal studies have revealed that TPHP exposure is positively associated with glucose homeostasis disruption and diabetes. However, the effects of TPHP on hepatic glucose homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present work aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and glucose metabolism disruption of TPHP and its metabolite diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) within hepatocytes. The cell viability assay undertaken on human normal liver (L02) cells showed that TPHP exhibited more potent hepatotoxicity than DPHP. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data showed that TPHP and DPHP presented different modes of toxic action. Insulin resistance is one of the predominant toxicities for TPHP, but not for DPHP. The insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were impaired by TPHP, while DPHP exhibited no significant impairment on these factors. TPHP exposure induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the ER stress antagonist 4-PBA restored the impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis induced by TPHP. TPHP could also induce liver ER stress and insulin resistance in mice. Taken together, the results suggested that TPHP induces more potent insulin resistance through ER stress than its metabolite DPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Caiting Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lianying Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Xie Z, Zhu T, Deng C, Qi X, Hu R, Wang J, Chen J. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of organophosphorus flame retardants and their degradation products in water and upper sediment of two urban rivers in Shenzhen, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14932-14942. [PMID: 36161588 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely used in various industrial manufacturing processes; thus, their environmental impact in agglomerated industrial areas is of great concern. In this study, seventeen kinds of OPFRs and five kinds of organophosphate diesters (Di-OPs) in water and upper sediment samples from two urban rivers in the agglomerated industrial area of Shenzhen city, China, were investigated. The results showed that the total concentrations of detectable OPFRs ranged from 3438.83 to 12,838.87 ng/L with an average of 6494.94 ng/L in water samples and from 47.16 to 524.46 ng/g (dry weight, dw) with an average of 181.48 ng/g dw in sediment. The values were higher than those in other rivers worldwide. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is the predominant OPFRs in water and upper sediment, up to 10,664.23 ng/L in water and 414.12 ng/g dw in sediment. The total concentration of OPFRs of sediment samples in the Maozhou River was around twice as high as in the Guanlan River. The results indicated that the level of OPFRs was associated with the industrial activity intensity. Di-OPs exhibited lower concentrations than their parent compounds, and can be attributed to the degradation/metabolism of their parent compounds in the river. The sediment-water partition of OPFRs is significantly correlated with their log Kow values. Risk assessment revealed moderate ecological risks posed by OPFRs in water to aquatic organisms. The present study revealed the pollution status of OPFRs in rivers from agglomerated industrial and residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoming Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - XiuJuan Qi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Managing Technology of Drinking Water Source, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yang Y, Luo M, Qi Z, Fan Z, Hashmi MZ, Li G, Yu Y. Temporal trends and health risks of organophosphorus flame retardants in fishes in Taihu Lake from 2013 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120733. [PMID: 36435280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are synthetic, physical additive flame retardants widely detected in the environment. To investigate the temporal trends of OPFRs in Taihu regions and the associated health risks from fish consumption, 150 fish samples of five species were collected from Taihu Lake in China from 2013 to 2018. Eight OPFRs were measured, having 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (90.7%) and tris (1,3-dichloro-2 propyl) phosphate (21.5%) as the most and least frequently detected OPFRs, respectively. Among the eight OPFRs, tris (chloropropyl) phosphate concentration (446 pg/g, wet weight) was higher than others. The maximum cumulative concentration of the OPFRs (∑8OPFRs) was observed in large icefish (1.69 × 103 pg/g), while silver carp (841 pg/g) had the lowest. For the temporal trends, higher levels of ∑8OPFRs (1.91 × 103 pg/g) were detected in 2013 than in other years, although no significant change in the trend occurred over time. The estimated daily intake of OPFRs from large icefish consumption was 1.20 × 103 pg/kg-bw/day, higher than that of other fish species. The Monte Carlo simulations showed that ≤0.3% of adults and children would suffer non-cancer health risks from OPFRs via fish consumption. This study provides the first data on temporal trends of OPFRs in Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | | | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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15
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Fan Y, Zeng Y, Huang YQ, Guan YF, Sun YX, Chen SJ, Mai BX. Accumulation and translocation of traditional and novel organophosphate esters and phthalic acid esters in plants during the whole life cycle. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135670. [PMID: 35839992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widespread contaminants in the environment. The variations of these chemicals in plants throughout their life cycle is little known. In this study, OPEs, OPE metabolites, and PAEs in peanut and corn grown under field conditions, soil, and air were measured to understand the uptake and translocation, distributions in the plant compartments, and metabolism in the plants. The soil concentrations showed an enrichment effect of OPEs onto the rhizosphere soil but a depletion effect of PAEs on rhizosphere soils. The PAE concentrations between peanut (with a mean of 1295 ng/g dw) and corn (3339 ng/g dw) were significantly different, but the OPE concentrations were not significantly different (with means of 15.6 and 19.2 ng/g dw, respectively). OPE metabolites were also detected in the plants, with lower concentrations and detection rates. Similarities and differences in the temporal variations of the concentrations of traditional OPEs, novel OPEs, and PAEs in plants during their growth were observed. The variations were dependent on both plant species and particular tissues. The leaf compartment is the most important reservoir of OPEs and PAEs (but not OPE metabolites) for both species, highlighting the importance of an aerial uptake pathway. The chemicals have a low potential to be translocated into peanut and corn kernels, reducing their risks via food consumption. Less hydrophobic compounds have higher root concentration factors in this study. These observations differ from those of previous hydroponic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Feng Guan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Xin Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - She-Jun Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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16
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Wang Y, Sha W, Zhang C, Li J, Wang C, Liu C, Chen J, Zhang W, Song Y, Wang R, Gao P. Toxic effect of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) on Cyprinus carpio and the intestinal microbial community response. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134463. [PMID: 35367484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a kind of organophosphorus flame retardants, and its use is increasing annually. However, the toxic effect associated with exposure to it has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, in this study, we determined the toxic dose of TPHP in the economic fish species, Cyprinus carpio. Acute and subacute toxicity tests were conducted, and the enrichment of TPHP in the gills, brain, intestines, and liver were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, and the response of carp gut microbial community to TPHP stress was determined using 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the 96-h LC50 of TPHP in carp was 7 mg/L. At the 7 d, the order of TPHP absorption was as follows (from highest to lowest): gills > intestine > liver > brain, but at the 28 d and the purification period, the order of TPHP absorption was brain > gills > intestine > liver. TPHP exposure at 3.5 mg/L decreased α-diversity of the intestinal microbial community (p < 0.05), and altered community composition, in particular the relative abundance of dominant microbial populations. Functional profiles of the microbial communities predicted based on 16 S rRNA gene data showed upregulation in the degradation of exogenous substances and energy metabolism of the TPHP-treated groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that intestinal microbial taxa play a role in reducing TPHP toxicity. The results provide insights that could facilitate risk assessments of TPHP pollutants in aquatic environments and the management of associated water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Weilai Sha
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Wanglong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Yuhao Song
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China.
| | - Peike Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, PR China.
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17
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Wu JP, Li X, Tao L, Nie YT, Feng WL, Xu YC, Zeng YH, Luo XJ, Mai BX. Sex- and size-dependent accumulation of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in a wild frog-eating snake Amphiesma stolata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118793. [PMID: 34998895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite several studies having addressed the bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) flame retardant in wildlife, there is still a dearth of information for reptiles in general and for snakes in particular. Here, we report the residue levels and trophic transfer of syn-, anti-, and anti-Cl11-DP in a frog-eating snake-namely, the striped keelback snake Amphiesma stolata-from a DP hotspot in South China. The concentrations of syn-, anti-, and anti-Cl11-DP in A. stolata ranged from 1.06-21.2, 2.13-21.5, and 0.16-10.6 ng/g lipid weight, respectively, with significantly higher levels in males compared with females. Statistical analysis showed that the concentrations of these chemicals were negatively correlated with body sizes (length and mass) of the snake. The fractional abundance of anti-DP (fanti) did not significantly differ either between the sexes or between A. stolata and its diet (i.e., frogs). However, fanti showed positive correlations with the snake's body size and negative correlations with ∑DP concentrations (summed concentrations of syn- and anti-DP), indicating that body size and DP residue levels are important factors influencing DP isomeric profiles in these snakes. Biomagnification factors estimated based on the relationship between A. stolata and frogs were 0.49 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE), 0.44 ± 0.09, and 1.79 ± 0.54 for syn-, anti-, and anti-Cl11-DP, respectively, suggesting trophic dilution of syn- and anti-DP and a mild biomagnification of anti-Cl11-DP from frogs to snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Lin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - You-Tian Nie
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Wen-Lu Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ya-Chun Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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18
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Qadeer A, Kirsten KL, Ajmal Z, Jiang X, Zhao X. Alternative Plasticizers As Emerging Global Environmental and Health Threat: Another Regrettable Substitution? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1482-1488. [PMID: 34995444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kelly L Kirsten
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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19
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Sun R, Wang X, Tian C, Zong Z, Ma W, Zhao S, Wang Y, Tang J, Cui S, Li J, Zhang G. Exploring source footprint of Organophosphate esters in the Bohai Sea, China: Insight from temporal and spatial variabilities in the atmosphere from June 2014 to May 2019. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107044. [PMID: 34915353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are still produced and used in large quantities in the world-wide, and the environmental burden and behavior have generated widespread concern, especially in some large-scale waterbodies. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment on the temporal and spatial variabilities and budget of OPEs to trace the source for the Bohai Sea (BS), based on a 5-year seasonal monitoring campaign (June 2014 to May 2019) of 12 atmospheric sites around the BS and our previous studies. The average concentration of Σ10OPEs in atmosphere during the sampling period was 7.65 ± 6.42 ng m-3, and chlorinated OPEs were the major compounds. The Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL) analyzed that during the 5-year sampling period, the atmospheric concentrations of Σ10OPEs had a slightly increasing trend with a rate of + 0.092 ng m-3 yr-1, and the seasonal concentrations had a distinct seasonal distribution. The highest concentration of Σ10OPEs was observed at the sampling site of Dalian, followed by Tianjin, Yantai, and Beihuangcheng. The estimation of the fugacity ratios and air-water gas exchange fluxes established that the concentration levels of two major components of chlorinated OPEs (tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP)) in the atmosphere were dominated by their volatilization from BS's seawater (1.24 ± 0.46 t yr-1 for TCEP and 5.15 ± 2.15 t yr-1 for TCPP), with 73% deriving from the coastal seawater. The budget assessment suggested that the volatile fluxes of TCEP and TCPP accounted for 8% and 29% of their storages (15.6 ± 5.32 t for TCEP and 17.6 ± 6.70 t for TCPP) in the BS seawater, which were mainly contributed by continental river input (20% for TCEP and 42% for TCPP). The efforts indicated that river inputs of TCEP and TCPP needed to be paid more attention for the improvement of environmental quality of the BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Chongguo Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zheng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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20
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Organophosphate Esters in China: Fate, Occurrence, and Human Exposure. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110310. [PMID: 34822701 PMCID: PMC8620853 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. OPEs have been released into various environments (e.g., water, sediments, dust and air, and soil). To investigate the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in various environments in China, this review collects and discusses the published scientific studies in this field. Chlorinated OPEs, as flame retardants, are the predominant OPEs found in the environment. The analysis of data revealed large concentration variations among microenvironments, including inflowing river water (range: 0.69-10.62 µgL-1), sediments (range: 0.0197-0.234 µg/g), dust (range: 8.706-34.872 µg/g), and open recycling sites' soil (range: 0.122-2.1 µg/g). Moreover, OPEs can be detected in the air and biota. We highlight the overall view regarding environmental levels of OPEs in different matrices as a starting point to monitor trends for China. The levels of OPEs in the water, sediment, dust, and air of China are still low. However, dust samples from electronic waste workshop sites were more contaminated. Human activities, pesticides, electronics, furniture, paint, plastics and textiles, and wastewater plants are the dominant sources of OPEs. Human exposure routes to OPEs mainly include dermal contact, dust ingestion, inhalation, and dietary intake. The low level of ecological risk and risk to human health indicated a limited threat from OPEs. Furthermore, current challenges and perspectives for future studies are prospected. A criteria inventory of OPEs reflecting the levels of OPEs contamination association among different microenvironments, emerging OPEs, and potential impact of OPEs on human health, particularly for children are needed in China for better investigation.
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21
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Huang CC, Zeng YH, Lu Q, Wang S, Mai BX. Legacy and alternative plasticizers in surface sediment of black-odorous urban rivers across China: Occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131206. [PMID: 34146876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface sediment samples from 173 black-odorous urban rivers in 74 cities of China were investigated regarding the occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological risk of legacy phthalates (LPs) and alternative plasticizers (APs). The total concentrations of Σ7LPs and Σ6APs ranged from 0.0035 to 522 μg/g dw (median: 33 μg/g dw; mean: 60 μg/g dw) and from 0.0015 to 16 μg/g dw (median: 16 μg/g dw; mean: 2.2 μg/g dw), respectively. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) were the dominant LPs, and di-iso-decyl phthalate and di-iso-nonylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate were the dominant APs. The concentrations and compositions of the LPs and APs varied among different sites and regions, implying location-specific use or production of LPs and APs. The pollutant concentrations in southern and central China were higher than those in northern China. Among the seven regions, Northwest China had the lowest concentrations of LPs and APs. This could be related to industry development level, municipal facilities, and population density. Total organic carbon (TOC) was significantly and positively correlated with the pollutant concentrations, implying that TOC could be an important influencing factor for the distribution of LPs and APs in sediments. The risk quotients of DiBP and DnBP in almost all sediment samples were above 1, indicating the high ecological risks to aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, DEHP, di-methyl phthalate, di-ethyl phthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate showed low or moderate ecological risks for most sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
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22
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Allen SF, Ellis F, Mitchell C, Wang X, Boogert NJ, Lin CY, Clokey J, Thomas KV, Blount JD. Phthalate diversity in eggs and associations with oxidative stress in the European herring gull (Larus argentatus). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112564. [PMID: 34148634 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are plastic-derived contaminants that are ubiquitous in natural environments and function as pro-oxidants. The extent to which phthalates bioaccumulate in wild animals and associations with oxidative stress are poorly understood. Here, we describe relationships between maternally-derived phthalates, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and the dietary antioxidant α-tocopherol in eggs of European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) in Cornwall, UK. Up to six phthalate parent compounds and four phthalate metabolites were detected. Egg concentrations of MDA were positively associated with dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and negatively associated with α-tocopherol, suggesting that DCHP is associated with oxidative stress in gulls. The consequences of phthalate exposure in ovo for offspring development warrants study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Allen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Francesca Ellis
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Christopher Mitchell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Xianyu Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Neeltje J Boogert
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Chun-Yin Lin
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Joseph Clokey
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Blount
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
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23
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Peng X, Chen G, Fan Y, Zhu Z, Guo S, Zhou J, Tan J. Lifetime bioaccumulation, gender difference, tissue distribution, and parental transfer of organophosphorus plastic additives in freshwater fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116948. [PMID: 33773303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has been a growing global issue. Various plastic additives may enter the environment with plastic debris, which could also become contaminants. Lifetime bioaccumulation, gender difference, tissue distribution, and parental transfer potential of commonly applied organophosphorus plastic additives (OPPAs) were investigated in wildlife fish of the Pearl River system, China. The OPPAs were widely detected in 7 consumable fish species. Tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate was the predominant compound, with a median concentration of 18.8 ng/g lipid weight. The total OPPA concentrations (ΣOPPAs) were higher in the livers and swimming bladders, suggesting important roles of lipophilicity on the OPPAs accumulation in the fish. Besides, the livers were more abundant in the non-chlorinated OPPAs relative to the other tissues, indicating potentially stronger metabolism of the chlorinated OPPAs in the livers. Redbelly tilapia contained obviously lower ΣOPPAs than the other species. On the other hand, proportions of the chlorinated OPPAs were obviously lower in barbel chub and Guangdong black bream. For an individual species, higher ΣOPPAs were usually detected in the female than in the male fish. Furthermore, the females contained higher proportions of the non-chlorinated OPPAs. These results suggested potentially more accumulation of the OPPAs, particularly the non-chlorinated OPPAs in the female than in the male fish. Body weight dependence of the OPPAs accumulation showed varied patterns depending on species, tissue, and compound. Species-specific characteristics affected by both ecology and organisms' physiology should be considered in combination in assessing bioaccumulation of the OPPAs. The OPPAs were slightly bioaccumulative with LogBAFs of 1.2-3.3. The OPPAs did not show obvious inclination to be partitioned to biota from sediment. Omnipresence of the OPPAs in both egg/ovary and testis of the fish suggested potential transgenerational transfer of these chemicals, which can be a serious ecological issue and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guangshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zewen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Quality Monitoring and Testing, Guangzhou, 510050, China
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Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060124. [PMID: 34072704 PMCID: PMC8228168 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five types of tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and heart, were collected from black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs to study the tissue-specific accumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Thirteen PFRs and nine plasticizers were detected, with average total concentrations of 1.4–13 ng/g ww and 858–5503 ng/g ww in black-spotted frogs, 3.6–46 ng/g ww and 355–3504 ng/g ww in bullfrogs. Significant differences in pollutant concentrations among different tissues in the two frog species were found, indicating the specific selectivity distribution of PFRs and plasticizers. Overall, liver tissues exhibited significantly higher pollutant concentrations. The pollutant concentration ratios of other tissue to the sum of liver tissue and other tissues (OLR, Cother/(Cother + Cliver)) corresponding to male frogs were significantly greater than those of females, suggesting that male frogs could have higher metabolic potentials for PFRs and plasticizers. No obvious correlations between OLR and log KOW were found, indicating that the other factors (e.g., bioaccumulation pathway and metabolism) besides lipophicity could influence the deposition of PFRs and plasticizers in frog livers. Different parental transfer patterns for PFRs and plasticizers were observed in frogs when using different tissues as parental tissues. Moreover, the liver tissues had similar parental transfer mechanism with muscle tissues.
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Hoang AQ, Tu MB, Takahashi S, Kunisue T, Tanabe S. Snakes as bimonitors of environmental pollution: A review on organic contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144672. [PMID: 33513507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring data on organic pollutants published between the late 1960s and 2020 are reviewed to provide comprehensive and updated insights into their bioaccumulation characteristics, sources, and fate in snakes. Multiple organic pollutant classes including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated paraffins, dioxin-related compounds, alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, plasticizers, etc., were detected in various aquatic and terrestrial snake species with concentrations and patterns varying between species and locations. In general, higher concentrations of organic pollutants were found in snakes collected from contaminated sites (e.g., densely populated, pesticide-treated, and waste processing areas), suggesting that snakes can serve as good biomonitors of environmental pollution caused by organic contaminants. Factors influencing concentrations and patterns of organic pollutants in snakes are discussed, providing an overview of current understanding about their accumulation, transformation, and elimination processes. Potential negative effects associated with organic pollutants in snakes and their predators are also considered. Based on such discussions, research gaps and future perspectives on the utilization of snake biomonitoring studies are addressed, heading towards an effective monitoring and assessment scheme for a variety of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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26
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Lettoof DC, Rankenburg K, McDonald BJ, Evans NJ, Bateman PW, Aubret F, Gagnon MM. Snake scales record environmental metal(loid) contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116547. [PMID: 33548672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wetland snakes, as top predators, are becoming globally recognised as bioindicators of wetland contamination. Livers are the traditional test organ for contaminant exposure in organisms, but research is moving towards a preference for non-lethal tissue sampling. Snake scales can be used as an indicator of exposure, as many metals bind to the keratin. We used laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify the concentrations of 19 metals and metalloids (collectively referred to 'metals' hereafter) in Western tiger snake (Notechis scutatus occidentalis) scales from four wetlands along an urban gradient, and compared them to concentrations measured in captive tiger snake scales. We conducted repeat measures to determine the concentration accuracy of each metal using LA-ICP-MS. Concentrations in wild Western tiger snake scales were significantly higher than in reference tiger snake scales for most metals analysed, suggesting accumulation from environmental exposure. We compared the scale concentrations to sediment concentrations of sampled wetlands, and found inter-site differences between mean concentrations of metals in scales parallel patterns recorded from sediment. Four metals (Mn, As, Se, Sb) had strong positive correlations with liver tissue contents suggesting scale concentrations can be used to infer internal concentrations. By screening for a larger suite of metals than we could using traditional digestive methods, we identified additional metals (Ti, V, Sr, Cs, Tl, Th, U) that may be accumulating to levels of concern in tiger snakes in Perth, Western Australia. This research has progressed the use of LA-ICP-MS for quantifying a suite of metals available in snake scales, and highlights the significance of using wetland snake scales as a non-lethal indicator of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Lettoof
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - K Rankenburg
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, John de Laeter Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - B J McDonald
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, John de Laeter Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - N J Evans
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, John de Laeter Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - P W Bateman
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - F Aubret
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, UMR 5321 CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - M M Gagnon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Liu Y, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Bioaccumulation of legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in insects during metamorphosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124688. [PMID: 33316674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven insect taxa belonging to five different orders were collected from a former Chinese e-waste dumping site to investigate the occurrences of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. The total PFR and plasticizer concentrations were in the ranges of 2.3-91 ng/g ww (median: 20 ng/g ww) and 420-15600 ng/g ww (4040 ng/g ww), respectively. The contaminant patterns varied greatly among different insect taxa owing to their specific habitats and feeding habits. The larvae of litchi stinkbugs and grasshoppers exhibited significantly higher PFR concentrations than their adult counterparts. In contrast, the adults of butterflies, moths, and dragonflies exhibited significantly higher PFR concentrations than their larvae. Additionally, negative linear correlations were frequently observed between the ratios of PFR and plasticizer concentrations in adult to larva (A/L) and log KOW in the four studied insect taxa, which were different from those corresponding to persistent organic pollutants. Notably, the contaminant concentrations of dragonfly ecdysis were significantly higher than those of dragonfly larvae, indicating that ecdysis is an important pathway by which dragonflies remove PFRs and plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhao N, Fu J, Liu Y, Wang P, Su X, Li X. Be Aware of Organophosphate Diesters as Direct Sources in Addition to Organophosphate Ester Metabolites in Food Supplies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1283-1290. [PMID: 33464890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The substantial application of organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) may lead to a concentration escalation of their major metabolites, organophosphate diesters (di-OPEs) in animal-derived and plant-derived animal protein supplement feeds (APFs). APFs are major food for raised animals and may bring OPEs into the food supply. In the present study, the concentrations of Σ8di-OPEs in animal-derived and plant-derived APFs were in the range of 1.98-182 ng/g dw (average: 39.2 ng/g dw). Meat meal had the highest average concentrations of di-OPEs (52.1 ng/g dw), followed by blood meal (49.9 ng/g), feather meal (23.3 ng/g dw), and plant-derived feeds (18.3 ng/g dw). The concentrations of di-OPEs were at the same order of magnitude as those of tri-OPEs in APFs. Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was the major contributor in blood meal, feather meal, and plant-derived APFs, while dimethyl phosphate dominated in meat meal. The ratios of di-OPEs/tri-OPEs (Rdi/tri) displayed large variability, ranging from 0 for the bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate-tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate pair to 175 for the BDCIPP-tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate pair, which indicated that the metabolism capacities and environmental sources for di-OPEs are diverse in APFs. Different Rdi/tri between APFs and similar food matrices implied that di-OPEs may have different environmental sources. The similar Rdi/tri values for some of the di-/tri-OPE pairs among APFs and dust samples indicated that dust may be a direct exogenous source of OPE exposure in some APF matrices. Future studies should simultaneously focus on tri- and di-OPEs, together of which may reflect the actual exposure to OPEs through the food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
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29
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Martins MF, Costa PG, Bianchini A. Maternal transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an endangered elasmobranch, the Brazilian guitarfish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128275. [PMID: 33297219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer of contaminants is an important route of exposure for many species during embryonic development, which might compromise the organism throughout its life cycle. Here, we report the maternal offloading of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an elasmobranch, the Brazilian guitarfish Pseudobatos horkelii. Eighteen PAHs were determined by gas chromatography in maternal liver and uterine content (uterine eggs and early-stage development embryos) samples to determine the maternal transfer rate. The mean rate of PAHs offloaded to the offspring was of 13%, with high variability among individual congener transfer (0.7-29.9%) and benzo[b]fluoranthene attaining the highest maternal transfer rates. Differential transfer rates were attributed to physicochemical proprieties of each compound, with low molecular level PAHs presenting the highest rates. A depuration mechanism in which females decrease their maternal transfer rate as a function of size, related to consecutive reproductive cycles was not properly observed in this study. From a conservation perspective, these results indicate that elasmobranchs embryos of an endangered species can be exposed to PAHs during their development and, considering the possible harmful effects of these compounds to other early life stage organisms, deleterious effects could be a possibility, although this was not analyzed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália Km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia G Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália Km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália Km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
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30
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Guan KL, Huang CC, Zhu CY, Qi XM, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in frogs: Sex difference and parental transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115336. [PMID: 32836048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs from an e-waste polluted area were collected and examined for legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Total concentrations of PFRs and plasticizers were 0.62-15 ng/g wet weight (ww) and 316-4904 ng/g ww in muscles, 2.2-59 ng/g ww and 127-5757 ng/g ww in eggs and gonads, and 1.2-15 ng/g ww and 51-1510 ng/g ww in oviducts, respectively. For muscle tissues, concentrations of ∑PFRs, triethyl phosphate, tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris-(chloro-2-propyl) phosphate were significantly higher in the males than females (p < 0.05). However, for reproductive tissues, eggs exhibited higher levels of those contaminants than gonads (p < 0.05). No significant sex difference in levels of plasticizers was observed in muscles. In contrast, levels for (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-iso-butyl phthalate in gonads were significantly higher than those in eggs (p < 0.05). Significantly negative linear correlations between maternal transfer ratios and log KOW were found in female frogs. Paternal transfer potentials were first significantly and positively correlated to log KOW (<6) and then decreased afterward in the males. These results indicated that parental transfer was answer for the sex-specific accumulation of PFRs and plasticizers in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke-Lan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-You Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Meng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zhao N, Fu J, Liu Y, Wang P, Su X, Li X. Animal-Derived and Plant-Derived Protein Supplement Feeds Are Important Sources of Organophosphate Esters in the Food Supply. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11694-11701. [PMID: 32870684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Animal protein supplement feeds (APFs) are important raw feed materials for livestock. APFs might be susceptible to organophosphate esters (OPEs) but have not been paid attention yet. In the present study, animal-derived (meat meal, feather meal, and blood meal) and plant-derived APFs were all found to contain detectable levels of OPEs, with 16 target OPEs ranging from 12.6 ng/g dry weight (dw) to 301 ng/g dw. Meat meal contained the highest OPE level (mean: 117 ± 75.6 ng/g dw), followed by feather meal (54.6 ± 30.0 ng/g dw), plant-derived feed (41.9 ± 16.0 ng/g dw), and blood meal (28.0 ± 12.0 ng/g dw). Considering its widespread consumption, plant-derived APFs might be an important source of OPE exposure for livestock. Dust adhesion contributed to OPE contamination both in feather meal and plant-derived APFs. Congener patterns varied among the different APFs. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate dominated in the plant-derived feed and blood meal, while tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and triphenyl phosphate were the major contributors in meat meal and feather meal, respectively. Tributyl phosphate and tri-iso-butyl phosphate were found to be statistically correlated in all APFs (p < 0.01), indicating their similar behavior and common sources. The protein-associated transport pathways of OPEs need to be studied separately for different protein matrices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
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Li X, Zhao N, Fu J, Liu Y, Zhang W, Dong S, Wang P, Su X, Fu J. Organophosphate Diesters (Di-OPEs) Play a Critical Role in Understanding Global Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) in Fishmeal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12130-12141. [PMID: 32936633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) have recently been widely identified in aquatic ecosystems, but information on their organophosphate diester (di-OPE) metabolites is sparsely available. Herein, uniform fishmeal products were collected across the globe (the U.S., China, Europe, South America, and Southeast Asia). Sixteen representative tri-OPEs and eight di-OPEs were investigated to reveal whether industrial production, metabolism, environmental persistence, or physicochemical properties are the key factors influencing their environmental burden and distribution. Tri-OPEs and di-OPEs were 100% detected in fishmeal, with bis(2-chloroethyl) hydrogen phosphate (BCEP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) at discernible levels in marine fauna for the first time. Average concentration of di-OPEs (49.6 ± 27.5 ng/g dw) was of the same order of magnitude as that of tri-OPEs (59.3 ± 92.2 ng/g dw). Geographical-specific distributions of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mean concentration ratios ranged from 0.087 for the BCEP-TCEP pair to 507 for the dimethyl phosphate (DMP)-trimethyl phosphate (TMP) pair. Only the TPhP-diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) pair presented a strong positive linear correlation (r = 0.731; p < 0.01), and DPhP was proved a degradation origin. Commercial sources had a significant overall impact on distribution patterns of the DMP-TMP and the dibutyl phosphate (DnBP) - tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) pairs, whereas biotic transformation and abiotic stability profoundly influenced the bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP)-tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), the bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP)-TCIPP, and the BCEP-TCEP pairs. Di-OPEs are critical to understand environmental behavior of tri-OPEs in marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Tang Y, Zhong Y, Li H, Huang Y, Guo X, Yang F, Wu Y. Contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1811-1817. [PMID: 33463864 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work provides a review focusing on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environment, with an emphasis on their occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment in the research published in the scientific literature in 2019. Several studies revealed that these organic contaminants were detected in many water bodies and suspect, nontarget, and target screening provided an efficient detection for the co-existing organic substances with complex components. Wastewater resource recovery facilities were concurrently considered as a central source, and several specific chemicals have been found to be used as chemical markers to track the source of CECs in some urban watersheds. Reliable monitoring, reliable fate/toxicity assessment, and effective removal that consider CECs as a heterogeneous group rather than single substances will be the challenges for the research community in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankui Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Huilan Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinye Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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