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Deng W, Wen M, Xiong J, Wang C, Huang J, Guo Z, Wang W, An T. Atmospheric occurrences and bioavailability health risk of PAHs and their derivatives surrounding a non-ferrous metal smelting plant. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134200. [PMID: 38593661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-ferrous metal smelting emits large amounts of organic compounds into the atmosphere. Herein, 20 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs), 9 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), 14 chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), and 6 alkylated PAHs (APAHs) in atmospheric samples from a typical non-ferrous metal smelting plant (NMSP) and residential areas were detected. In NMSP, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 6-nitrochrysene, 9-chlorofluorene, and 1-methylfluorene were the predominant compounds in the particulate phase, while phenanthrene constituted 57.3% in the gaseous phase. The concentration of PAHs in residential areas around NMSP was 1.8 times higher than that in the control area. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between the concentration and the distance from the NMSP. In terms of health risks, although the skin penetration coefficient of PM2.5 is smaller than that of the gaseous phase, dermal absorption of PM2.5 posed a greater threat to the population, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of NMSP was 1.8 × 10-4. After considering bioavailability, BILCR decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude in different regions, and dermal absorption decreased more than inhalation intake. Nevertheless, the dermal absorption of PM2.5 in NMSP still presents a probable carcinogenic risk. This study provides a necessary reference for the subsequent control of NMSP contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Deng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meicheng Wen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jukun Xiong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhizhao Guo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Meng Y, Liu G, Xiang Q, Liu Y. Spatio-temporal variation characteristics of stable isotopes of tap water and its potential as a proxy for surface water in Sichuan, China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168755. [PMID: 38008333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The stability and safety of tap water are essential for human health and economic and social development. The stable isotopes can be used to reveal characteristics of tap water and link it with its source. In this paper, 1556 tap water samples were collected from Sichuan, China and the stable isotope ratios for these samples were determined. The δ2H ranges from -126.4 ‰ to -26.4 ‰, and the range of δ18O is -17.04 ‰ to -2.08 ‰, reflecting the tap water sources are affected by complex spatial features and changing meteorological elements. Stable isotopes in tap water usually reach the maximum values in summer, indicating that heavy isotope enrichment is easily achievable by the large amount of evaporation from water sources during the summer season. By using spatial interpolation and isoscapes, we can find that there is a strong correlation between both simulated tap water δ2H and river water δ2H, with the maximum difference not exceeding 10.0 ‰, while the overall mean relative error is 6 %. Consequently, it is feasible to use tap water isotopes as a proxy for surface water isotopes in representative watersheds where surface water is the main source of water. The study shows the variation characteristics and influencing factors of tap water isotopes and enriches the isotope database of tap water in China. Meanwhile, the utilize of stable isotopes in tap water as a proxy for surface water expands the application field of tap water stable isotopes and opens new perspectives for indirectly obtaining isotope data of surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Qiyun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Wei W, Yan P, Zhou L, Zhang H, Xie B, Zhou J. A comprehensive drought index based on spatial principal component analysis and its application in northern China. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:193. [PMID: 38265493 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the background of the greenhouse effect, drought events occurred more frequently. How to monitor drought events scientifically and efficiently is very urgent at present. In this study, we employed the Vegetation Water Supply Index (VSWI), Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI), and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) as individual variables to construct a composite drought index (CDI) using spatial principal component analysis (SPCA). The validity of CDI was assessed using gross primary productivity (GPP), soil moisture (SM), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). CDI was subsequently used for drought monitoring in northern China from 2011 to 2020. The results showed that (1) at a 99% confidence level, the Pearson correlation coefficients between CDI and GPP was 0.72, while the value between CDI and SM was 0.69, which indicated the relationship between SM, GPP, and CDI was significant. (2) We compared CDI with other variables such as Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Crop Drought Index (CDI) and found that the monitoring result of CDI was more sensitive, which indicated that the proposed CDI had a better effect in local drought monitoring. (3) The results of CDI showed that the drought status in the northern region during 2011-2020 lasted from March to October, and the high severe drought period generally occurs in March-May and September-October, with low severe drought in June-August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yan
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Zhou
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Haoyan Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Xie
- School of Urban Economics and Tourism Culture, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Junju Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Ni W, Nikolaou N, Ward-Caviness CK, Breitner S, Wolf K, Zhang S, Wilson R, Waldenberger M, Peters A, Schneider A. Associations between medium- and long-term exposure to air temperature and epigenetic age acceleration. Environ Int 2023; 178:108109. [PMID: 37517177 PMCID: PMC10656697 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a serious threat to human health worldwide, while aging populations increase. However, no study has ever investigated the effects of air temperature on epigenetic age acceleration. This study involved 1,725 and 1,877 participants from the population-based KORA F4 (2006-2008) and follow-up FF4 (2013-2014) studies, respectively, conducted in Augsburg, Germany. The difference between epigenetic age and chronological age was referred to as epigenetic age acceleration and reflected by Horvath's epigenetic age acceleration (HorvathAA), Hannum's epigenetic age acceleration (HannumAA), PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAA), GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA), and Epigenetic Skin and Blood Age acceleration (SkinBloodAA). Daily air temperature was estimated using hybrid spatiotemporal regression-based models. To explore the medium- and long-term effects of air temperature modeled in time and space on epigenetic age acceleration, we applied generalized estimating equations (GEE) with distributed lag non-linear models, and GEE, respectively. We found that high temperature exposure based on the 8-week moving average air temperature (97.5th percentile of temperature compared to median temperature) was associated with increased HorvathAA, HannumAA, GrimAA, and SkinBloodAA: 1.83 (95% CI: 0.29-3.37), 11.71 (95% CI: 8.91-14.50), 2.26 (95% CI: 1.03-3.50), and 5.02 (95% CI: 3.42-6.63) years, respectively. Additionally, we found consistent results with high temperature exposure based on the 4-week moving average air temperature was associated with increased HannumAA, GrimAA, and SkinBloodAA: 9.18 (95% CI: 6.60-11.76), 1.78 (95% CI: 0.66-2.90), and 4.07 (95% CI: 2.56-5.57) years, respectively. For the spatial variation in annual average temperature, a 1 °C increase was associated with an increase in all five measures of epigenetic age acceleration (HorvathAA: 0.41 [95% CI: 0.24-0.57], HannumAA: 2.24 [95% CI: 1.95-2.53], PhenoAA: 0.32 [95% CI: 0.05-0.60], GrimAA: 0.24 [95%: 0.11-0.37], and SkinBloodAA: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.00-1.35] years). In conclusion, our results provide first evidence that medium- and long-term exposures to high air temperature affect increases in epigenetic age acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ni
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rory Wilson
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
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Rolon ML, Tan X, Chung T, Gonzalez-Escalona N, Chen Y, Macarisin D, LaBorde LF, Kovac J. The composition of environmental microbiota in three tree fruit packing facilities changed over seasons and contained taxa indicative of L. monocytogenes contamination. Microbiome 2023; 11:128. [PMID: 37271802 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes can survive in cold and wet environments, such as tree fruit packing facilities and it has been implicated in outbreaks and recalls of tree fruit products. However, little is known about microbiota that co-occurs with L. monocytogenes and its stability over seasons in tree fruit packing environments. In this 2-year longitudinal study, we aimed to characterize spatial and seasonal changes in microbiota composition and identify taxa indicative of L. monocytogenes contamination in wet processing areas of three tree fruit packing facilities (F1, F2, F3). METHODS A total of 189 samples were collected during two apple packing seasons from floors under the washing, drying, and waxing areas. The presence of L. monocytogenes was determined using a standard culturing method, and environmental microbiota was characterized using amplicon sequencing. PERMANOVA was used to compare microbiota composition among facilities over two seasons, and abundance-occupancy analysis was used to identify shared and temporal core microbiota. Differential abundance analysis and random forest were applied to detect taxa indicative of L. monocytogenes contamination. Lastly, three L. monocytogenes-positive samples were sequenced using shotgun metagenomics with Nanopore MinION, as a proof-of-concept for direct detection of L. monocytogenes' DNA in environmental samples. RESULTS The occurrence of L. monocytogenes significantly increased from 28% in year 1 to 46% in year 2 in F1, and from 41% in year 1 to 92% in year 2 in F3, while all samples collected from F2 were L. monocytogenes-positive in both years. Samples collected from three facilities had a significantly different microbiota composition in both years, but the composition of each facility changed over years. A subset of bacterial taxa including Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Microbacterium, and fungal taxa, including Yarrowia, Kurtzmaniella, Cystobasidium, Paraphoma, and Cutaneotrichosporon, were identified as potential indicators of L. monocytogenes within the monitored environments. Lastly, the DNA of L. monocytogenes was detected through direct Nanopore sequencing of metagenomic DNA extracted from environmental samples. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a cross-sectional sampling strategy may not accurately reflect the representative microbiota of food processing facilities. Our findings also suggest that specific microorganisms are indicative of L. monocytogenes, warranting further investigation of their role in the survival and persistence of L. monocytogenes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Rolon
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Taejung Chung
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Dumitru Macarisin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Luke F LaBorde
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jasna Kovac
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Shi Y, Wan Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Fipronil and its transformation products in the Yangtze River: Assessment for ecological risk and human exposure. Chemosphere 2023; 320:138092. [PMID: 36758817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FP), a phenylpyrazole insecticide, is widely used in agricultural, residential, and veterinary settings. It is toxic to ecosystems and humans; moreover, some of its transformation products are more toxic than FP. A comprehensive profile of the contamination of the Yangtze River by FP and its transformation products (FPs) is not yet available. This study aims to fill this data gap. A total of 144 water samples were collected from 72 sampling locations along the river during the wet (June 2021) and dry (December 2020) seasons. High detection rates (85.4-91.7%) of FPs were found, with ΣFPs' median concentration of 0.49 ng/L. The parent compound FP was the most abundant (median: 0.13 ng/L), followed by FP-desulfinyl (0.08), FP-sulfone (0.07), FP-detrifluoromethylsulfinyl (DTF, 0.07), FP-sulfide (0.06) and FP-amide (0.06). Their concentrations increased significantly from the upper to the lower reaches; for approximately every 100 km toward the lower reaches, the level of FPs increased by 13-15%. The urban region and wet season had the higher FPs contamination. Through water ingestion, the human exposure risk posed by FPs in the river was acceptable; however, the ecological risk assessment showed a moderate to high risk posed by FPs. Follow-up studies are warranted to establish integrated ecological risk assessment models and conduct epidemiological risk assessments among population groups with high exposure levels of FPs. Given the high ecological risk of FPs, regular monitoring of them in the Yangtze River is necessary. FP-DTF was reported in surface water for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Zhang Y, Wu M, Xu M, Hu P, Xu X, Liu X, Cai W, Xia J, Wu D, Xu X, Yu G, Cao Z. Distribution of flame retardants among indoor dust, airborne particles and vapour phase from Beijing: spatial-temporal variation and human exposure characteristics. Environ Int 2022; 170:107557. [PMID: 36209599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of 10 brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and 10 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor dust, total suspended particles (TSP), and vapour phase from offices (n = 10), homes (n = 9), and day-care centres (n = 10) in Beijing, China. Three types of samples were collected biweekly from one office and one home over a year to examine temporal trends. BFRs in dust significantly correlated with those in TSP, while OPFRs significantly correlated among all three matrices. In addition, BFRs in dust (ng/g) and TSP (pg/m3) exhibited similar temporal trends with higher levels in the cold season, whereas OPFRs in TSP and vapour phase (pg/m3) showed similar temporal trends with higher levels in the warm season. The geometric mean concentrations of BFRs and OPFRs in the three matrices from the above mentioned three types of indoor microenvironments were used for exposure and health risk estimation, and ∑7OPFRs showed much higher hazard index (HI) values than ∑10BFRs for all subpopulations, and inhalation of OPFRs was a major risk source. With the volatility of flame retardants (FRs) decreasing, the contribution of dust ingestion and dermal absorption showed an increasing trend, and the contribution of inhalation exhibited a gradual decreasing trend, which implied the dominant exposure pathway to FRs is strongly related to the vapour pressure (25 °C, Pa) of these substances. Using a single type of microenvironment or the collection of samples at a single point in time can lead to overestimation or underestimation of overall exposure and risk for people to some extent. The correlations of FRs in dust, TSP, and vapour phase from indoor microenvironments, as well as their temporal trends were first reported in this study, which will provide a basis for more accurate FR exposure assessments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacai Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Menghan Xu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Pengtuan Hu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongkui Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Huang Z, Xu X, Ma M, Shen J. Assessment of NO 2 population exposure from 2005 to 2020 in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:80257-80271. [PMID: 35713829 PMCID: PMC9204072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a major air pollutant with serious environmental and human health impacts. A random forest model was developed to estimate ground-level NO2 concentrations in China at a monthly time scale based on ground-level observed NO2 concentrations, tropospheric NO2 column concentration data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and meteorological covariates (the MAE, RMSE, and R2 of the model were 4.16 µg/m3, 5.79 µg/m3, and 0.79, respectively, and the MAE, RMSE, and R2 of the cross-validation were 4.3 µg/m3, 5.82 µg/m3, and 0.77, respectively). On this basis, this article analyzed the spatial and temporal variation in NO2 population exposure in China from 2005 to 2020, which effectively filled the gap in the long-term NO2 population exposure assessment in China. NO2 population exposure over China has significant spatial aggregation, with high values mainly distributed in large urban clusters in the north, east, south, and provincial capitals in the west. The NO2 population exposure in China shows a continuous increasing trend before 2012 and a continuous decreasing trend after 2012. The change in NO2 population exposure in western and southern cities is more influenced by population density compared to northern cities. NO2 pollution in China has substantially improved from 2013 to 2020, but Urumqi, Lanzhou, and Chengdu still maintain high NO2 population exposure. In these cities, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) could reduce NO2 population exposure through more monitoring instruments and limiting factory emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Huang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiankang Xu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingwei Shen
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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9
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Gyawali T, Pant S, Nakamura K, Komai T, Paudel SR. Spatial and temporal distribution of arsenic contamination in groundwater of Nawalparasi-West, Nepal: an investigation with suggested countermeasures for South Asian Region. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:582. [PMID: 35831479 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nawalparasi-West/Parasi is one of the severely affected districts in the Terai lowlands of Nepal by arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater, exceeding standards of 10 ppb (WHO) and 50 ppb (Nepal Drinking Water Standard). This study presents the spatial and temporal distribution of As across 6 km × 10 km region in Parasi via meteorological, hydrogeological, physio-chemical, and sedimentological investigations in 31 communities for about 5 years. In this study, water balance analysis was carried out for understanding the groundwater dynamics in the study area and its contribution to As elution. Gentle flow gradient and little to no infiltration was observed in the central region with relatively impervious silty clayey flood plain, where higher As concentrations were obtained compared to the northern Siwalik foothills and southern parts with coarser sediments. Similarly, higher As concentration (1048 ppb) was recorded in the drier pre-monsoon season than the wet season (529 ppb). The aquifer at 12 to 23 m depth feeding 73% wells in the study area exhibited higher As concentration in reduced environment as opposed to the oxidizing state at 5- to 6-m and 30- to 50-m deep aquifers. Other constituents such as Fe, B, and Cr and their relation with As were analyzed. The results of GERAS model analysis done for health risk assessment are also presented which show that under long-term exposure, the residents in Parasi were undertaking intolerable cancer risk of 1.1 to 6.4 × 10-3. This study further incorporates socio-economic sentiments vital to analyze, and propose sustainable and cheap countermeasures for immediate implementation to reduce As exposure and health risk in Nepal, which is also highly applicable for other affected regions in South Asian Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunisha Gyawali
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal
| | - Susmita Pant
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal
| | - Keizo Nakamura
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Keiai University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Komai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shukra Raj Paudel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Men C, Liu R, Wang Y, Cao L, Jiao L, Li L, Shen Z. A four-way model (FEST) for source apportionment: Development, verification, and application. J Hazard Mater 2022; 426:128009. [PMID: 34923386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In studying the spatial, temporal, and particle size variations heavy metal sources, a source apportionment model for a four-way array of data is required. In this study, referencing two-way and three-way models, a four-way (particle fractions, elements, sites, and time) source apportionment model (FEST) was developed. Errors in the three-way models solving four-way problems verified the necessity of developing the FEST model. The results showed that the FEST model had a higher accuracy than the existing models, which was probably because of more constraints and input data in the FEST model. Based on the sampled data in Beijing, sources were apportioned for the four-way array of data using the FEST model, and the spatial, temporal, and particle size variations of sources were evaluated. The main sources of heavy metals were similar to those in our prior studies, whereas the contributions of sources to specific heavy metals differed. Traffic exhaust and fuel combustion contributed more to fine particles than coarse particles, indicating that the two should be controlled preferentially among all sources. The management of traffic exhaust should be focused on the central and northern areas in each season, and the control of fuel combustion should be strengthened in the southern area in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Sun R, Wang X, Tian C, Zong Z, Ma W, Zhao S, Wang Y, Tang J, Cui S, Li J, Zhang G. Exploring source footprint of Organophosphate esters in the Bohai Sea, China: Insight from temporal and spatial variabilities in the atmosphere from June 2014 to May 2019. Environ Int 2022; 159:107044. [PMID: 34915353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are still produced and used in large quantities in the world-wide, and the environmental burden and behavior have generated widespread concern, especially in some large-scale waterbodies. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment on the temporal and spatial variabilities and budget of OPEs to trace the source for the Bohai Sea (BS), based on a 5-year seasonal monitoring campaign (June 2014 to May 2019) of 12 atmospheric sites around the BS and our previous studies. The average concentration of Σ10OPEs in atmosphere during the sampling period was 7.65 ± 6.42 ng m-3, and chlorinated OPEs were the major compounds. The Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL) analyzed that during the 5-year sampling period, the atmospheric concentrations of Σ10OPEs had a slightly increasing trend with a rate of + 0.092 ng m-3 yr-1, and the seasonal concentrations had a distinct seasonal distribution. The highest concentration of Σ10OPEs was observed at the sampling site of Dalian, followed by Tianjin, Yantai, and Beihuangcheng. The estimation of the fugacity ratios and air-water gas exchange fluxes established that the concentration levels of two major components of chlorinated OPEs (tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP)) in the atmosphere were dominated by their volatilization from BS's seawater (1.24 ± 0.46 t yr-1 for TCEP and 5.15 ± 2.15 t yr-1 for TCPP), with 73% deriving from the coastal seawater. The budget assessment suggested that the volatile fluxes of TCEP and TCPP accounted for 8% and 29% of their storages (15.6 ± 5.32 t for TCEP and 17.6 ± 6.70 t for TCPP) in the BS seawater, which were mainly contributed by continental river input (20% for TCEP and 42% for TCPP). The efforts indicated that river inputs of TCEP and TCPP needed to be paid more attention for the improvement of environmental quality of the BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Chongguo Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zheng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Li H, Yang Y, Wang H, Li B, Wang P, Li J, Liao H. Constructing a spatiotemporally coherent long-term PM 2.5 concentration dataset over China during 1980-2019 using a machine learning approach. Sci Total Environ 2021; 765:144263. [PMID: 33385811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The lack of long-term observations and satellite retrievals of health-damaging fine particulate matter in China has demanded the estimates of historical PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) concentrations. This study constructs a gridded near-surface PM2.5 concentration dataset across China covering 1980-2019 using the space-time random forest model with atmospheric visibility observations and other auxiliary data. The modeled daily PM2.5 concentrations are in excellent agreement with ground measurements, with a coefficient of determination of 0.95 and mean relative error of 12%. Besides the atmospheric visibility which explains 30% of total importance of variables in the model, emissions and meteorological conditions are also key factors affecting PM2.5 predictions. From 1980 to 2014, the model-predicted PM2.5 concentrations increased constantly with the maximum growth rate of 5-10 μg/m3/decade over eastern China. Due to the clean air actions, PM2.5 concentrations have decreased effectively at a rate over 50 μg/m3/decade in the North China Plain and 20-50 μg/m3/decade over many regions of China during 2014-2019. The newly generated dataset of 1-degree gridded PM2.5 concentrations for the past 40 years across China provides a useful means for investigating interannual and decadal environmental and climate impacts related to aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Baojie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinya Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Chen X, Zhou W, Luo G, Luo P, Chen Z. Spatial and temporal variations of the diatom communities in megacity streams and its implications for biological monitoring. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:37581-37591. [PMID: 32607991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms have been proven to be good indicators of natural stream conditions, but little is known about the seasonal variability of diatom communities in megacity streams. We investigated the spatial and temporal variation of diatom communities along an urban-to-rural gradient in megacity streams, Beijing, China. We found that the composition and diversity of diatom community was significantly different along the urban-to-rural gradient in streams of Beijing city. The diatom community was subtle temporal variation in the reference stream and urban upstream, but the temporal variation of diatoms was relatively greater in the urban downstream. Overall, the composition of the diatom community was relatively stable in the streams among different seasons, and the dominant species did not change much over seasons. For example, during the sampling periods, the species Achnanthidium minutissimum in reference streams had the average relative abundance of 20.3 ± 3.5%; the species Pseudostaurosira brevistriata and Staurosira construens var. venter in urban upstream had average relative abundances of 17.0% ± 0.9% and 17.3% ± 1.2%, respectively; and the species Nitzschia palea in urban downstream had average relative abundances of 18.8 ± 4.7%. There were significant correlations between the relative abundances of the dominant species and environmental variables, suggesting that the environmental variables had significant effects on the diatom distribution. Our results demonstrate that the diatom communities are relatively stable among seasons in different sampling areas, suggesting that diatoms can be used as reliable indicators for the biological monitoring of water quality in megacity streams across seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Hunan Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Guoping Luo
- Hunan Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Hunan Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China
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Ngo TH, Yang YH, Chen YC, Pan WC, Chi KH. Continuous nationwide atmospheric PCDD/F monitoring network in Taiwan (2006-2016): Variation in concentrations and apportionment of emission sources. Chemosphere 2020; 255:126979. [PMID: 32387910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric polychlorinated-dibenzo-dioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) remains an important environmental health concern. Although the total emission inventories of PCDD/Fs in Taiwan decreased from 320 to 52.1 g-I-TEQ/year during 2002-2016, the resulting concentrations of atmospheric PCDD/F and distributions in Taiwan are unknown. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive investigation of spatial and seasonal variations and apportioned potential sources of ambient PCDD/F concentrations in Taiwan-based on 11-year observation data. A total of 1,008 atmospheric PCDD/F samples were collected from 25 air monitoring stations (from seven areas) and 1 background station for 2006-2016. Linear regression was used to model changes in PCDD/F concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used to identify potential contributors. PCDD/F concentrations in the ambient air gradually decreased during the study period, with a median concentration of 28.2 fg I-TEQ/m3 over 11 years. The highest median PCDD/F concentrations were found in the highly industrialized regions of western Taiwan (38.0-43.4 fg I-TEQ/m3). Lower concentrations were found in eastern Taiwan (∼10 fg I-TEQ/m3). Background stations reported the lowest concentrations of PCDD/Fs, with a median concentration of 1.47 fg I-TEQ/m3. Overall, the concentrations of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in Taiwan were higher in winter (13.4-86.7 fg I-TEQ/m3) than in summer (9.65-27.2 fg I-TEQ/m3). The PCA results indicated that PCDD/F profiles varied by both region (industrialized, urbanized, and background areas) and season. The PMF model for the overall data revealed that the major sources of PCDD/Fs were industrial activities (71.2%). However, in less industrialized areas, traffic activities, long-range transport, and open burning were dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hung Ngo
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; International Health Program, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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15
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Kamboj V, Kamboj N. Spatial and temporal variation of zooplankton assemblage in the mining-impacted stretch of Ganga River, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:27135-27146. [PMID: 32394263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal variation in the distribution, abundance and assemblage structure of zooplankton were examined in a mining-impacted stretch of river Ganga. The collection of samples has been done from three different sampling zones such as Z1 (Chandi Bridge Ghat) as reference zone, Z2 (Shyampur), and Z3 (Bisanpur) as mining-intruded area from May 2017 to April 2018. During the analysis, twenty-eight species of zooplankton kindred to four groups mainly Rotifera (ten species), Protozoa (five species), Cladocera (eight species), and Copepoda (five species) were identified. In the course of analysis, it was observed that Rotifera were dominant (43.49 %) followed by Cladocera (19.58 %), Protozoa (18.31 %), and Copepoda (18.62 %). The results showed that the distribution and abundance of zooplankton fluctuated more at Z1 (reference zone) as compared with Z2 and Z3 (mining-intruded zones). The diversity indices also indicated the higher richness, abundance, and evenness of zooplankton ranging from 3.145 to 3.180 at Z1, 3.081 to 3.129 at Z2, and 3.130 to 3.175 at Z3. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed positive and negative correlation between the zooplankton and water quality of the river Ganga. The present study shows that the anthropogenic activities such as river bed mining disturbed the water quality through enhancing the turbidity and nutrients load in the aquatic system. However, these changes in water quality significantly affected the distribution and abundance of zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kamboj
- Natural Resources and Watershed Management Lab, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, 249404, India
| | - Nitin Kamboj
- Natural Resources and Watershed Management Lab, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, 249404, India.
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16
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Li Y, Duan X. Analysis of origin, change, and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the continental shelf of China Sea. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:4683-4694. [PMID: 31889289 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sources and environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are closely related with anthropological activities and natural environmental conditions. The continental shelf of China Sea has the most intense land-ocean interactions. The PAHs' distribution in this region is of great significance for revealing the impact of human activities on the marine environment and the environmental fate of terrigenous substances input to the ocean. However, up to now, almost all the studies were confined to relatively small regions, such as estuaries. There was a lack of systematic understanding of PAHs in the whole continental shelf sea. In this study, the relevant research findings of PAHs in the continental shelf of China Sea in recent years were systematically summarized. The spatial and temporal variations of PAHs in sediments of China Sea were comprehensively displayed. The relationships between PAHs' distributions in different seas with regional economic development history were analyzed. These findings will play a guiding significance for improving marine environment research in large-scale areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyong Duan
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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17
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Cao X, Tan C, Wu L, Luo Y, He Q, Liang Y, Peng B, Christie P. Atmospheric deposition of cadmium in an urbanized region and the effect of simulated wet precipitation on the uptake performance of rice. Sci Total Environ 2020; 700:134513. [PMID: 31689657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inputs of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the surface environment as a consequence of atmospheric deposition, imposes long-term burdens on agricultural ecosystems. Studying the spatial and temporal variation in PTEs in atmospheric deposition and their effects on plant shoot accumulation are important in understanding the sources and contributions of PTEs in soils and agricultural products. Here, the spatial and temporal variations in cadmium (Cd) concentration and atmospheric deposition fluxes were investigated in five rice-producing areas of the urbanized Chang-Zhu-Tan region over two years. Then, the effects of simulated wet precipitation on the uptake of Cd in rice seedlings in hydroponic culture was explored. The results showed substantial spatial variability in Cd concentrations and atmospheric deposition fluxes in this region. The Cd concentration of atmospheric deposition ranged from 0.07 to 114 μg L-1, and the annual Cd fluxes in the industrial area reached 61.0 g ha-1 but all were <10.0 g ha-1 in the rural areas. Rice seedling growth became significantly inhibited with increasing concentrations of Cd. Cadmium content in the shoots and white roots and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) extractable Cd on root surfaces were significantly and positively correlated with the concentration of Cd in the nutrient solution. Shoot Cd concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) when the annual Cd precipitation flux was ≥50 g ha-1 compared to the control with no Cd precipitation, and the concentration in the shoot was higher than that in roots of rice cultivar A159, when the annual simulated wet precipitation flux of Cd was 400 g ha-1. Thus, shoot Cd was directly related to the simulated wet precipitation when the flux exceeded 50 g ha-1a-1, indicating that air pollution is an important source factor affecting crop Cd uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Cao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyin Tan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui He
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Su Y, Deng Y, Guo Z, Cheng C, Ma H, Liu G, Xu L, Feng J. Spatial and temporal variation of antibiotic resistance in marine fish cage-culture area of Guangdong, China. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:463-471. [PMID: 30583154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance poses a threat to human health and to the marine environment. We have investigated the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), during the seedling period, rearing period, and harvesting period in seven marine fish cage-culture areas in Guangdong. Spatial and temporal variations of AGRs and ARB were also analyzed. Culture-based methods and quantitative PCR were used to detect ARB and ARGs. Bacterial resistance rates were no significantly different within farming periods. The proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was extremely low (average on 1.15%), except for oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria (average on 34.15%). Vibrio was the most common ARB. Sul1, tetB, and ermB, had the highest relative abundance. The abundance of ARGs in the harvesting period was significant highest. The total abundance of ARGs was highest at Raoping and lowest at Dayawan and Liusha. Most ARGs were associated with opportunistic pathogens. The environmental factors effecting ARB and ARGs are complex, and no key factors were identified. This study provides a theoretical basis for assessing the harmfulness of ARGs and ARB to food safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youlu Su
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yiqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Changhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Hongling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Guangfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
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19
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Omonona OV, Amah JO, Olorunju SB, Waziri SH, Ekwe AC, Umar DN, Olofinlade SW. Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater from fractured Albian carbonaceous shale aquifers around Enyigba-Ameri, southeastern Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:125. [PMID: 30715614 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enyigba-Ameri area is known for its Pb-Zn mining activities and the mine water is usually discharged directly into nearby streams and surface runoff. In order to determine the impacts of mining activities on the quality of water in the area and the general hydrochemical characteristics, field measurements and laboratory tests were carried out on water samples collected from the area. Field measurements and laboratory analyses of physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. In addition to the multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) and ANOVA analysis, ionic cross-plots were used to determine the groundwater physicochemical characteristics and geochemical evolution. From the results, it was observed that Pb4+, Zn2+, Fe2 + & 3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ had a concentration higher than the stipulated guideline values. Three principal components which explained 87.42% of the total dataset were extracted through the data reduction process. Cluster analysis of the hydrochemical data grouped the water samples into three distinct classes. It was observed that the water chemistry is mainly affected by silicate minerals weathering, carbonate weathering, and base ion exchange processes in descending order. ANOVA analysis showed that Zn2+, Fe2 + & 3+, and Mg2+ had mean values that significantly differed from each other based on the sources of the samples. The Wilcox diagram revealed 4 classes of irrigation water types and the irrigation water quality indices showed that the groundwater in the area is not generally suitable for irrigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi V Omonona
- Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph O Amah
- Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Samson B Olorunju
- Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Sure Foundation Polytechnic, Ikot Akai, Ukanafun, Nigeria
| | - Salome H Waziri
- Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Amobi C Ekwe
- Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Degree N Umar
- Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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20
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Tong S, Li X, Zhang J, Bao Y, Bao Y, Na L, Si A. Spatial and temporal variability in extreme temperature and precipitation events in Inner Mongolia (China) during 1960-2017. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:75-89. [PMID: 30172136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to global warming, extreme climate events have become an important issue, and different geographical regions have different sensitivities to climate change. Therefore, temporal and spatial variations in extreme temperature and precipitation events in Inner Mongolia were analyzed based on the daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation data during the period of 1960-2017. The results showed that warm extreme indices, such as SU25, TX90p, TN90p, and WSDI, significantly increased, whereas the cold extreme indices, such as FD0, TX10p, TN10p, and CSDI, significantly decreased; all indices have obvious abrupt changes based on the Mann-Kendall test; nighttime warming was higher than daytime warming. Extreme precipitation indices slightly decreased overall. All of the extreme temperature and precipitation indices had long-range correlations based on detrended fluctuation analysis (a > 0.5), thereby indicating that the extreme climate indices will maintain their current trend directions in the future. ENSO, AO, and IOD had a strong positive influence on warm extremes and a strong negative influence on cold extremes in Inner Mongolia. NCEP/NCAR and ERA-20CM reanalysis showed that strengthening anticyclone circulation, increasing geopotential height, decreasing daytime cloudiness and increasing nightime cloudiness contributed to changes in climate extremes in Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Tong
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; College of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuhai Bao
- College of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Yongbin Bao
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Li Na
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Alu Si
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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21
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Rodrigues AMM. Resource availability and adjustment of social behaviour influence patterns of inequality and productivity across societies. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5488. [PMID: 30310732 PMCID: PMC6173167 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal societies vary widely in the diversity of social behaviour and the distribution of reproductive shares among their group members. It has been shown that individual condition can lead to divergent social roles and that social specialisation can cause an exacerbation or a mitigation of the inequality among group members within a society. This work, however, has not investigated cases in which resource availability varies between different societies, a factor that is thought to explain variation in the level of cooperation and the disparities in reproductive shares within each social group. In this study, I focus on how resource availability mediates the expression of social behaviour and how this, in turn, mediates inequality both within and between groups. I find that when differences in resource availability between societies persist over time, resource-rich societies become more egalitarian. Because lower inequality improves the productivity of a society, the inequality between resource-rich and resource-poor societies rises. When resource availability fluctuates over time, resource-rich societies tend to become more unequal. Because inequality hinders the productivity of a society, the inequality between resource-rich and resource-poor societies falls. From the evolutionary standpoint, my results show that spatial and temporal variation in resource availability may exert a strong influence on the level of inequality both within and between societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M M Rodrigues
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wolfson College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Liu S, Hua S, Wang K, Qiu P, Liu H, Wu B, Shao P, Liu X, Wu Y, Xue Y, Hao Y, Tian H. Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of air pollution in Henan of China: Localized emission inventory, WRF/Chem simulations and potential source contribution analysis. Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:396-406. [PMID: 29258040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Henan is the most populous province and one of the most seriously polluted areas in China at present. In this study, we establish an integrated atmospheric emission inventory of primary air pollutants in Henan province for the target year of 2012. The inventory developed here accounts for detailed activity levels of 11 categories of primary anthropogenic emission sources, and determines the best available representation of emission factors. Further, we allocate the annual emissions into a high spatial resolution of 3km×3km with ArcGIS methodology and surrogate indices, such as regional population distribution and gross domestic product (GDP). Our results show that the emissions of VOCs, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NH3, CO, BC and OC are about 1.15, 1.24, 1.29, 0.70, 1.93, 1.05, 7.92, 0.27 and 0.25milliontons, respectively. The majority of these pollutant emissions comes from the Central Plain Urban Agglomeration (CPUA) region, particularly Zhengzhou and Pingdingshan. By combining with the emission inventory with the WRF/Chem modeling and backward trajectory analysis, we investigate the temporal and spatial variability of air pollution in the province and explore the causes of higher pollutants concentrations in the region of CPUA during the heavily polluted period of January. The results demonstrate that intensive pollutants emissions and unfavorable meteorological conditions are the main causes of the heavy pollution. Besides, Weighted Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) analysis indicates that local emissions remain the major contributor of PM2.5 in Henan province, although emissions from the neighboring provinces (e.g. Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, and Shandong) are also important contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shenbing Hua
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Air Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Peipei Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Wuhan Municipal Institute of Environmental Protection Science, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Huanjia Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bobo Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pangyang Shao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yifeng Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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23
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Zhang J, Zhou X, Wang Z, Yang L, Wang J, Wang W. Trace elements in PM 2.5 in Shandong Province: Source identification and health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621:558-577. [PMID: 29195204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical compositions in PM2.5 in metropolitan areas have obtained lots of attentions, of which concerns of airborne trace elements are relatively lacking. Here, PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously in one year at four urban sites (Zibo (ZB), Zaozhuang (ZZ), Qingdao (QD) and Jinan (JN (Shandong University)), and a rural site (JN (Miaopu)) in Shandong province. 25 elements (Al, Na, Cl, Mg, Si, S, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Cd, Ba and Pb) in PM2.5 were measured by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (WDXRF). Most trace elements (Al, Na, Cl, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, As, Se, Br, Cd, Ba and Pb) exhibited the highest levels at ZB and the lowest at QD. Meanwhile, they presented obvious seasonal variations with the highest concentrations in winter or spring and the lowest in summer. S and K were the most abundant elements in the area. In the non-crustal trace metal elements, Zn, Pb and Mn presented the highest concentrations. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling revealed that secondary formation, coal combustion and industry emissions were the main sources in the region. The health risk assessments suggested that at the five sites Cd (diet) for adults, Pb and Co for children, and Mn (diet) for both adults and children (at ZB and SDU sites) had non-carcinogenic risks. As and Pb for adults and children existed carcinogenic risks, especially Pb for children. The sources of these elements with health risks were further explored. Notably, Cd, As and Pb should be paid special attention in the area due to their high concentrations in aerosol water exceeding the acceptable health risks, especially Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuehua Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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24
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Rymszewicz A, Bruen M, O'Sullivan JJ, Turner JN, Lawler DM, Harrington JR, Conroy E, Kelly-Quinn M. Modelling spatial and temporal variations of annual suspended sediment yields from small agricultural catchments. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:672-684. [PMID: 29156285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of sediment yield are important for ecological and geomorphological assessment of fluvial systems and for assessment of soil erosion within a catchment. Many regulatory frameworks, such as the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, derived from the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR) require reporting of annual sediment fluxes. While they may be measured in large rivers, sediment flux is rarely measured in smaller rivers. Measurements of sediment transport at a national scale can be also challenging and therefore, sediment yield models are often utilised by water resource managers for the predictions of sediment yields in the ungauged catchments. Regression based models, calibrated to field measurements, can offer an advantage over complex and computational models due to their simplicity, easy access to input data and due to the additional insights into factors controlling sediment export in the study sites. While traditionally calibrated to long-term average values of sediment yields such predictions cannot represent temporal variations. This study addresses this issue in a novel way by taking account of the variation from year to year in hydrological variables in the developed models (using annual mean runoff, annual mean flow, flows exceeded in five percentage of the time (Q5) and seasonal rainfall estimated separately for each year of observations). Other parameters included in the models represent spatial differences influenced by factors such as soil properties (% poorly drained soils and % peaty soils), land-use (% pasture or % arable lands), channel slope (S1085) and drainage network properties (drainage density). Catchment descriptors together with year-specific hydrological variables can explain both spatial differences and inter-annual variability of suspended sediment yields. The methodology is demonstrated by deriving equations from Irish data-sets (compiled in this study) with the best model efficiency of 0.84 and best model fit of adjusted R2 of 0.82. Presented approach shows the potential for regression based models to model contemporary suspended sediment yields in small river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rymszewicz
- School of Civil Engineering and UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Bruen
- School of Civil Engineering, UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - J J O'Sullivan
- School of Civil Engineering, UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J N Turner
- School of Geography and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - D M Lawler
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, UK
| | - J R Harrington
- School of Building & Civil Engineering, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - E Conroy
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Kelly-Quinn
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Kaliński A, Bańbura M, Glądalski M, Markowski M, Skwarska J, Wawrzyniak J, Zieliński P, Cyżewska I, Bańbura J. Long-term variation in hemoglobin concentration in nestling great tits Parus major. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 185:9-15. [PMID: 25770667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have previously proposed that blood hemoglobin concentration in nestling passerines is a reliable index of individual condition and nutritional state. In this paper we present results concerning variation in hemoglobin concentration in the blood of ca. 14-day-old nestling great tits Parus major in central Poland in an 11-year-long period, 2003-2013, in two distinct habitat types: urban park and deciduous forest. The most important findings of the study were: (i) variation in hemoglobin concentration was consistent within broods, (ii) hemoglobin concentration of nestlings varied markedly across years, (iii) hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the forest study site which is richer in terms of food abundance during the short period of tits breeding season and (iv) high hemoglobin level was a predictor of nestling survival from hatching to fledging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kaliński
- Department of Teacher Training and Biological Diversity Studies, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łodź, Poland.
| | - Mirosława Bańbura
- Museum of Natural History, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Kilińskiego 101, 90-011 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Glądalski
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Markowski
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Skwarska
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Wawrzyniak
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Zieliński
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Iwona Cyżewska
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bańbura
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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